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href="/wiki/2010_Nagorno-Karabakh_clashes" title="2010 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes">2010 clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Mardakert_clashes" title="2010 Mardakert clashes">2010 Mardakert clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_border_clashes" title="2012 Armenian–Azerbaijani border clashes">2012 clashes</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/2014_Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_clashes" title="2014 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes">2014 clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Armenian_Mil_Mi-24_shootdown" title="2014 Armenian Mil Mi-24 shootdown">2014 helicopter shootdown</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/2016_Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="2016 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">2016 conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_clashes" title="2018 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes">2018 clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2020_Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_clashes" title="July 2020 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes">July 2020 clashes</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Second Nagorno-Karabakh War</a> (2020)</dt></dl> <a href="/wiki/2020_Nagorno-Karabakh_ceasefire_agreement" title="2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement">2020 ceasefire</a> <dl><dt>Ceasefire violations</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Azerbaijan_border_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia–Azerbaijan border crisis">2021−2023 border crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_2022_Armenia%E2%80%93Azerbaijan_clashes" title="September 2022 Armenia–Azerbaijan clashes">September 2022 clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_Nagorno-Karabakh" title="Blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh">Blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/2023_Azerbaijani_offensive_in_Nagorno-Karabakh" title="2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh">Azerbaijani offensive</a> (2023)</dt></dl> <a href="/wiki/2023_Nagorno-Karabakh_ceasefire_agreement" title="2023 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement">2023 ceasefire</a> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_2020_Nagorno-Karabakh_war" title="Template:Campaignbox 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_2020_Nagorno-Karabakh_war" title="Template talk:Campaignbox 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_2020_Nagorno-Karabakh_war" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Second Nagorno-Karabakh War</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Offensives and battles</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madagiz_offensive" title="Madagiz offensive">Madagiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hadrut" title="Battle of Hadrut">Hadrut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aras_Valley_campaign" title="Aras Valley campaign">Aras Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachin_offensive" title="Lachin offensive">Lachin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shusha_(2020)" title="Battle of Shusha (2020)">Shusha</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Bombings and shelling attacks</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_bombardment_of_Stepanakert" title="2020 bombardment of Stepanakert">Stepanakert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_bombardment_of_Martuni" title="2020 bombardment of Martuni">Martuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Tartar" title="Bombardment of Tartar">Tartar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Ganja_missile_attacks" title="2020 Ganja missile attacks">Ganja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Ghazanchetsots_Cathedral_shelling" title="2020 Ghazanchetsots Cathedral shelling">Ghazanchetsots Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Barda_missile_attacks" title="2020 Barda missile attacks">Barda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Russian_Mil_Mi-24_shootdown" title="2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown">Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Possible third-party involvement in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war</div> Because of the geography, history, and sensitivities of the <a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">Nagorno-Karabakh conflict</a>, accusations, allegations, and statements have been made of involvement by third-party and international actors during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Second Nagorno-Karabakh War</a>, including in media reports. Azerbaijan has been accused of employing Syrian mercenaries during the war, including reports by the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Observatory_for_Human_Rights" title="Syrian Observatory for Human Rights">Syrian Observatory for Human Rights</a> (SOHR).<a href="#cite_note-bbc_061020-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> There have also been allegations of Kurdish militia from Syria and Iraq fighting on the Armenian side, and although some third-party sources had confirmed it,<a href="#cite_note-almonitorkurd-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-KPSyria-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-KPSyriaen-5">[5]</a> some publications had considered these claims "dubious".<a href="#cite_note-jpostPKK-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-eurasianetkurd-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> During the war, ethnic Armenian volunteers from the Middle East, Europe, and Latin America fought on Armenian side.<a href="#cite_note-novayalebanon-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-france24volunteer-12">[12]</a> Both sides have denied employing mercenaries in the war,<a href="#cite_note-sarkissianpkk-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-syriadenygov-14">[14]</a> but the <a href="/wiki/OHCHR" class="mw-redirect" title="OHCHR">OHCHR</a> had stated that there were reports about Syrian fighters motivated primarily by private gain fighting on Azerbaijan's side recruited with Turkey's assistance and foreign nationals fighting on Armenian side with motivation being investigated, calling for withdrawal of any mercenaries and related actors from Nagorno-Karabakh.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Afghan_militants">Afghan militants</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Allegations_of_third-party_involvement_in_the_Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Afghan militants">edit</a>]</div> On 7 October 2020, Artsakh's Presidential Spokesman Vahram Poghosyan said that according to intelligence, Turkish President <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan" class="mw-redirect" title="Recep Tayyip Erdogan">Recep Tayyip Erdogan</a> had reached an agreement with the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Party_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Party of Afghanistan">Islamic Party of Afghanistan</a> (Hezb-e-Islam) <a href="/wiki/Gulbuddin_Hekmatyar" title="Gulbuddin Hekmatyar">Gulbuddin Hekmatyar</a> to involve "new terrorist groups in the war against Artsakh".<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> On 17 October 2020, Armenia's National Security Service (NSS) stated that the Azerbaijani side is engaged in the transportation of a large amount of ammunition and mercenaries to its territory, citing the flights of Silk Way's Boeing 747 and Il-76 planes from Baku to air bases in different countries as evidence. According to the Armenian NSS, the Baku-<a href="/wiki/Bagram" title="Bagram">Bagram</a> flight was registered on 16 October, and the Bagram-<a href="/wiki/Lashkar_Gah" class="mw-redirect" title="Lashkar Gah">Lashkar Gah</a>-Baku flight on 17 October. The Armenian NSS reported that the same route was scheduled for 18 October and flights from Baku to <a href="/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar">Kandahar</a>. It also notes that information on some of these flights is absent in the system of international timetables, and a number of airports do not have an international classification.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> On 2 October 2020, Afghanistan's declared diplomatic support for Azerbaijan prompted Armenia to push for an end to Kabul's observer status in the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), a Russian-led regional alliance.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Armenian_diaspora_volunteers">Armenian diaspora volunteers</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Allegations_of_third-party_involvement_in_the_Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Armenian diaspora volunteers">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arayik_Harutyunyan_awarding_a_volunteer_on_November_2_2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Arayik_Harutyunyan_awarding_a_volunteer_on_November_2_2020.jpg/220px-Arayik_Harutyunyan_awarding_a_volunteer_on_November_2_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Arayik_Harutyunyan_awarding_a_volunteer_on_November_2_2020.jpg/330px-Arayik_Harutyunyan_awarding_a_volunteer_on_November_2_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Arayik_Harutyunyan_awarding_a_volunteer_on_November_2_2020.jpg/440px-Arayik_Harutyunyan_awarding_a_volunteer_on_November_2_2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1558" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Artsakh's president <a href="/wiki/Arayik_Harutyunyan" title="Arayik Harutyunyan">Arayik Harutyunyan</a> awarding an Armenian volunteer for capturing a Syrian mercenary on 2 November 2020.<a href="#cite_note-ArmenianPOWs-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></figcaption></figure> On 28 September 2020, the Azerbaijani MoD alleged that among the Armenian casualties were "mercenaries" of Armenian origin from Syria and a variety of Middle East countries.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> On the same day, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defense_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Defense (Turkey)">Turkish Minister of Defence</a> stated that Armenia must "send back the mercenaries and terrorists it brought from abroad".<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Two days later, Azerbaijani authorities asked the international community to "adequately respond to the use of terrorist forces by Armenia".<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> On 30 September 2020, the SOHR also stated that Armenian-born Syrian fighters were being transported to Armenia to fight against Azerbaijan.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> The next day, Azerbaijani authorities stated that Armenia had widely employed foreign "terrorist forces" and "mercenaries" against it, with there being evidence of people of Armenian origin from the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, and subsequently Russia, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>, Greece, the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>, and other countries.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Novaya_Gazeta" title="Novaya Gazeta">Novaya Gazeta</a> report, citing <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Interior_and_Municipalities_(Lebanon)" title="Ministry of Interior and Municipalities (Lebanon)">Lebanese Ministry of Internal Affairs</a> intelligence, stated around 500 ethnic Armenian Lebanese had travelled to fight in Nagorno-Karabakh.<a href="#cite_note-novayalebanon-9">[9]</a> In early October, Komsomolskaya Pravda reported that Armenians from Lebanon, who were members of <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Secret_Army_for_the_Liberation_of_Armenia" title="Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia">Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia</a>, a militant group listed as a terrorist organisation by the United States, had supported Armenia in the war.<a href="#cite_note-KPSyria-4">[4]</a> Greek City Times have reported that about 500–800 <a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Greece" title="Armenians in Greece">Armenians from Greece</a>, as well as some <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greeks</a> volunteered to the war on Armenia's side.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> An Armenian defence ministry official had said many from the diaspora applied to volunteer without giving a precise number. Hundreds from as far afield as <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> and the United States have rushed back to Armenia for combat training, a local instructor says. Karapet Aghajanyan, the combat instructor in <a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a>, who trains local and foreign volunteers, told <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a> around 10 Lebanese-Armenians had received training in his camp.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> <a href="/wiki/France_24" title="France 24">France 24</a> spoke to soldiers including Armenian diaspora from France fighting in the Nagorno-Karabakh.<a href="#cite_note-france24volunteer-12">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Israel">Israel</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Allegations_of_third-party_involvement_in_the_Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Israel">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Azerbaijan–Israel relations">Azerbaijan–Israel relations</a></div> On 24 April 2021, the Chief of Air Defense Forces of the Armenian Army Armen Vardanyan stated that Israel has not only supplied military equipment to Azerbaijan during the Second Karabakh War, but also operated them. According to the Major General, Israel provided direct assistance through their operators and personnel during hostilities.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kurdish_militias">Kurdish militias</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Allegations_of_third-party_involvement_in_the_Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Kurdish militias">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Armenian%E2%80%93Kurdish_relations" title="Armenian–Kurdish relations">Armenian–Kurdish relations</a></div> On 30 September 2020, Turkish sources alleged that approximately 300 <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party" title="Kurdistan Workers' Party">Kurdistan Workers' Party</a> (PKK) militants were transported to Nagorno-Karabakh via Iran. However, according to <a href="/wiki/Eurasianet" title="Eurasianet">Eurasianet</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a>, these claims were not substantiated by evidence.<a href="#cite_note-jpostPKK-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-eurasianetkurd-7">[7]</a> On 6 October 2020, the <a href="/wiki/State_Security_Service_(Azerbaijan)" title="State Security Service (Azerbaijan)">Azerbaijani State Security Service</a> (SSS) claimed, citing intercepts, which it released as an evidence, that Armenia had employed foreign mercenaries, including members of Kurdish militant groups whom Armenia had brought from <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> and Syria, to fight Azerbaijan.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> On the same day, Russia's <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Service_(Russia)" title="Foreign Intelligence Service (Russia)">Foreign Intelligence Service</a> alleged that there were Kurdish extremist groups, which, according to <a href="/wiki/Al-Monitor" title="Al-Monitor">Al-Monitor</a>, are fighting on the Armenian side, while there is no direct evidence of it.<a href="#cite_note-almonitorkurd-3">[3]</a> In early October, <a href="/wiki/Komsomolskaya_Pravda" title="Komsomolskaya Pravda">Komsomolskaya Pravda</a> reported that there was evidence of Armenia being supported by the <a href="/wiki/Martyr_Nubar_Ozanyan_Brigade" title="Martyr Nubar Ozanyan Brigade">Martyr Nubar Ozanyan Brigade</a> militants, part of the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces" title="Syrian Democratic Forces">Syrian Democratic Forces</a>, and associated with the PKK.<a href="#cite_note-KPSyria-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-KPSyriaen-5">[5]</a> However, the Martyr Nubar Ozanyan Brigade strongly denied claims of them travelling to Armenia.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-30">[30]</a> The commander of the group mocked the Turkish accusation, saying "We know that this perception is completely false. Besides, everybody knows that the PKK members are not in Armenia. Because it's not Kurdistan."<a href="#cite_note-auto1-30">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pakistan">Pakistan</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Allegations_of_third-party_involvement_in_the_Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Pakistan">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93Pakistan_relations" title="Azerbaijan–Pakistan relations">Azerbaijan–Pakistan relations</a></div> On 17 October 2020, the Armenian National Security Service stated that Azerbaijan was smuggling in a significant amount of ammunition, mercenaries and "terrorists" from Afghanistan and Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Pakistan rejected this allegation as "irresponsible propaganda", and said the claims by the Armenian government had no substance.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in an interview with the Indian media <a href="/wiki/WION_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="WION (TV channel)">WION</a> that there was "information that militants from Pakistan are involved in the war against Karabakh."<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> He told Russian reporters about Pakistan's active role in the conflict. The President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, stated that Pakistan had supported Baku diplomatically "but military assistance is out of the question." On 28 October 2020, based on informed sources, <a href="/wiki/Kommersant" title="Kommersant">Kommersant</a> reported that at least one batch of militants with weapons and ammunition were formed and sent from Pakistan's <a href="/wiki/Peshawar" title="Peshawar">Peshawar</a> to Karabakh.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Later there were new reports about provided support by Pakistan to Azerbaijan during the war.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> In February 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_National_Committee_of_America" title="Armenian National Committee of America">Armenian National Committee of America</a> (ANCA) called upon the Secretary of the U.S. Treasury <a href="/wiki/Janet_Yellen" title="Janet Yellen">Janet Yellen</a> to include Pakistan on the <a href="/wiki/FATF" class="mw-redirect" title="FATF">FATF</a> blacklist for "funding mercenaries who fought in the Karabakh war".<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> In September 2021, the Azerbaijani MoD expressed his gratitude to Pakistan for its support during the war.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Russia">Russia</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Allegations_of_third-party_involvement_in_the_Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Russia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Armenia–Russia relations">Armenia–Russia relations</a> and <a href="/wiki/Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization" title="Collective Security Treaty Organization">Collective Security Treaty Organization</a></div> On 9 November, the day when the ceasefire agreement was signed, the Azerbaijani forces in <a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_Autonomous_Republic" title="Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic">Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic</a> accidentally<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> <a href="/wiki/2020_Russian_Mil_Mi-24_shootdown" title="2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown">shot down</a> a <a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">Russian</a> <a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-24" title="Mil Mi-24">Mil Mi-24</a> attack helicopter near <a href="/wiki/Yeraskh" title="Yeraskh">Yeraskh</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Anton_Troianovski" title="Anton Troianovski">Anton Troianovski</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carlotta_Gall" title="Carlotta Gall">Carlotta Gall</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, this potentially gave Russia a reason to intervene in the war, and the Russian president Vladimir Putin delivered an <a href="/wiki/Ultimatum" title="Ultimatum">ultimatum</a> to the Azerbaijani president Ilham Aliyev. According to Troianovski and Gall, in this ultimatum, Russia stated that if Azerbaijan did not cease its operations after seizing control of Shusha, it will intervene. The same night, an unknown missile hit an open area in <a href="/wiki/X%C4%B1rdalan" title="Xırdalan">Khyrdalan</a>, near Baku, without causing any injuries, according to the Azerbaijani sources.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Also, yet again on the same day, a video emerged on the social media apparently showing the Armenian forces launching a Russian-made <a href="/wiki/9K720_Iskander" title="9K720 Iskander">Iskander missile</a> into Azerbaijan.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> The former Head of the Military Control Service of the Armenian MoD <a href="/wiki/Movses_Hakobyan" title="Movses Hakobyan">Movses Hakobyan</a>, after resigning from his post on 19 November 2020, stated that Armenia used an Iskander missile on Azerbaijan, though he did not say where the missile hit. Armenia's Prosecutor General's office said in a Facebook post that it would investigate Hakobyan's allegations. A Defense Ministry spokeswoman didn't respond to phone calls seeking comment. According to Can Kasapoğlu, the Director of Security and Defense Studies Program at the Centre for Economics and Foreign Policy Studies, an <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>-based independent think-tank, Armenia could've used Iskander missiles only with the Russian consent.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Azerbaijan and Russia denied that Armenia fired an Iskander during the war,<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> however, according to the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Eye" title="Middle East Eye">Middle East Eye</a>, Armenia had fired at least one Russian-made Iskander ballistic missile at Azerbaijan's capital, <a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a> in November 2020 and they were shot down by a missile defence system operated by the Azerbaijani military.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> In March 2021, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_National_Agency_for_Mine_Action" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijan National Agency for Mine Action">Azerbaijan National Agency for Mine Action</a> (ANAMA) stated that Armenia had used Iskander missiles during the battle, adding that they found the remains of two exploded Iskander missiles during the demining of the area in Shusha;<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> this was denied by Russia.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wagner_Group">Wagner Group</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Allegations_of_third-party_involvement_in_the_Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Wagner Group">edit</a>]</div> On 28 September, Russian media reported that Russian <a href="/wiki/Private_military_company" title="Private military company">private military companies</a> were ready to fight against Azerbaijan in Nagorno-Karabakh.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> On 1 October, <a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</a>, citing a <a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group" title="Wagner Group">Wagner Group</a> source, claimed they were already in Nagorno-Karabakh and participating in hostilities.<a href="#cite_note-WagnerGroupRFE-51">[51]</a> The Russian military analyst <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Felgenhauer" title="Pavel Felgenhauer">Pavel Felgenhauer</a> also stated that Wagner contractors were sent to support the Armenian forces as <a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_guided_missile" title="Anti-tank guided missile">ATGM</a> operators.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> After the war, in December 2020, a photo of a Wagner mercenary, apparently taken in front a church in <a href="/wiki/Shusha" title="Shusha">Shusha</a> during the war, appeared on the internet. Also, the Russian media leaked a message, apparently describing how the Armenian government refused to pay the Russian mercenaries for their work, and how, because of that, some of the Wagner mercenaries intended to return to Russia or defect to the Azerbaijani side. The Russian media reported that, in November, there were about 500 Russian mercenaries fighting on the Armenian side,<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> and some 300 Russian mercenaries had taken part in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shusha_(2020)" title="Battle of Shusha (2020)">Battle of Shusha</a>, with Victor Zlobov, a retired captain of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">Russian Armed Forces</a>, stating that Shusha was "defended mainly thanks to the Russian volunteers".<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> The Russian businessman <a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Prigozhin" title="Yevgeny Prigozhin">Yevgeny Prigozhin</a>, who has been linked to the Wagner Group, denied any involvement of the Russian PMCs in the war.<a href="#cite_note-WagnerGroupRFE-51">[51]</a> According to the Armenian journalist Karine Ghazaryan, writing for <a href="/wiki/Bellingcat" title="Bellingcat">Bellingcat</a>, there was not "any firm evidence showing their arrival or involvement in the war". She stated that Reverse Side of the Medal (RSOTM), a media channel linked to Wagner Group, which, according to Ghazaryan, was the main source of the reports, was not the "breaking news source."<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Turkey_and_Syrian_National_Army">Turkey and Syrian National Army</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Allegations_of_third-party_involvement_in_the_Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Turkey and Syrian National Army">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Azerbaijan–Turkey relations">Azerbaijan–Turkey relations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_2020_visit_to_Baku_with_Ilham_Aliyev_25.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_2020_visit_to_Baku_with_Ilham_Aliyev_25.jpg/220px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_2020_visit_to_Baku_with_Ilham_Aliyev_25.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_2020_visit_to_Baku_with_Ilham_Aliyev_25.jpg/330px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_2020_visit_to_Baku_with_Ilham_Aliyev_25.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_2020_visit_to_Baku_with_Ilham_Aliyev_25.jpg/440px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_2020_visit_to_Baku_with_Ilham_Aliyev_25.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1938" data-file-height="1292" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdogan</a> with <a href="/wiki/Ilham_Aliyev" title="Ilham Aliyev">Ilham Aliyev</a> on a 2020 visit to Baku.</figcaption></figure> Prior to the beginning of the conflict, Turkey's upped rhetoric against Armenia, as well as its recruitment of several hundred Syrian refugees had been reported the previous week by Syrian commentators, activists and others on social media, circulated among Syrian refugees, dissidents and others who monitor Syria.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Detailed reporting on the evidence of Syrian fighters in Azerbaijan exists, as well as apparent Turkish military involvement, causing international concern. Two days into the conflict, several Syrian National Army (SNA) members and the SOHR reported that a private Turkish security company was recruiting Syrians to fight in Artsakh;<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Azerbaijan <a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> and Turkey issued denials. <a href="/wiki/France24" class="mw-redirect" title="France24">France24</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> have reported evidence of Syrian mercenaries recruited in Syria by Turkey to fight alongside the Azerbaijani servicemen in Nagorno-Karabakh.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> A report in <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a> partially confirmed Turkish involvement in sending 200 Syrian fighters to support Azerbaijani forces;<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> a Turkish-based source reported that these were acting independently of the SNA. Turkish Defense Minister <a href="/wiki/Hulusi_Akar" title="Hulusi Akar">Hulusi Akar</a> made threats to Armenia following the <a href="/wiki/July_2020_Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_clashes" title="July 2020 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes">July 2020 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes</a> and stated, "Azerbaijan is not alone. Let everyone know that we are one nation."<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Russian newspaper <a href="/wiki/Kommersant" title="Kommersant">Kommersant</a> claimed to have sources confirming that Akar arrived in Baku between 28 and 30 September and oversaw all operations during the war. Lieutenant General Şeref Öngay was in Azerbaijan during September to conduct joint Azerbaijani-Turkish tactical exercises.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> Adnan Tanrıverdi, a former Turkish general, is the founder the <a href="/wiki/SADAT_International_Defense_Consultancy" title="SADAT International Defense Consultancy">SADAT Inc. International Defense Consultancy</a> that has been responsible for recruiting, equipping, and transporting the Syrian mercenaries.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> On 4 March 2021, Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Osman_Erba%C5%9F" title="Osman Erbaş">Osman Erbaş</a> was killed in a military helicopter crash. <a href="/wiki/Turan_Information_Agency" title="Turan Information Agency">Turan Information Agency</a> stated that Erbaş was of the masterminds behind drones strategy used by Azerbaijan in the second war.<a href="#cite_note-erbash-69">[69]</a> <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> accused Turkey of dispatching Syrian <a href="/wiki/Jihadism" title="Jihadism">jihadists</a> to Nagorno-Karabakh via <a href="/wiki/Gaziantep" title="Gaziantep">Gaziantep</a> while Russia expressed concern over "illegal armed units" from Syria and Libya being present in the conflict zone.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> <a href="/wiki/Syrian_President" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian President">Syrian President</a> <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a> reiterated Macron's concerns.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> On 3 October 2020, Armenian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Nikol_Pashinyan" title="Nikol Pashinyan">Nikol Pashinyan</a> stated that Syrian fighters, together with <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Land_Forces" title="Turkish Land Forces">Turkish army</a> specialists, were involved, along with circa 150 senior Turkish military officers, allegedly directing military operations.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Service_(Armenia)" title="National Security Service (Armenia)">National Security Service of Armenia</a> presented intercepts, allegedly between the Turkish and Azerbaijani military, and between the Azerbaijani military and mercenaries.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> U.S. Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pompeo" title="Mike Pompeo">Mike Pompeo</a> stated that Turkey's involvement in the conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia has increased the risk in the region, inflaming the situation by arming the Azerbaijanis.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> On 2 October 2020, Russian investigative newspaper <a href="/wiki/Novaya_Gazeta" title="Novaya Gazeta">Novaya Gazeta</a> reported 700–1,000 militants had apparently been sent to Azerbaijan and detailed their transport and recruitment itinerary, referring to the Hamza Division and the Samarkand and <a href="/wiki/Nour_al-Din_al-Zenki_Movement" title="Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement">Nureddin Zinki Brigades</a>.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> The <a href="/wiki/State_Security_Service_of_Georgia" title="State Security Service of Georgia">Georgian State Security Service</a> stated news about the passage of Syrian fighters from Turkey through Georgia to Azerbaijan was disinformation.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> On 3 October 2020, Elizabeth Tsurkov, an American expert on Syria, reported on videos of Arabic-speaking foreigners, who she identified as likely Syrian mercenaries in <a href="/wiki/Horadiz" title="Horadiz">Horadiz</a>, urging compatriots to join them.<a href="#cite_note-bbc_061020-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Subsequently, Tsurkov detailed the recruitment, by the Hamza Division and Sultan Murad and Sultan Suleyman Shah Brigades, of at least a thousand mercenaries to Azerbaijan, including civilians with no fighting experience who had been informed they would be guarding <a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Azerbaijan" title="Petroleum industry in Azerbaijan">oil facilities</a> but were then sent to the front.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> On 5 October 2020, Russian News Agency <a href="/wiki/RIA_Novosti" title="RIA Novosti">RIA Novosti</a> stated that 322 Syrian mercenaries were in the conflict zone and that 93 had been killed, while 430 from Syria had already arrived.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> On 6 October 2020, Russia's <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Service_(Russia)" title="Foreign Intelligence Service (Russia)">Foreign Intelligence Service</a> alleged that several thousand fighters from Middle East terrorist organisations had arrived in Nagorno-Karabakh to fight for Azerbaijan, specifically from <a href="/wiki/Jabhat_al-Nusra" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabhat al-Nusra">Jabhat al-Nusra</a> (<a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a> branch), Firkat Hamza, and the Sultan Murad Division, stating all were linked to the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Islamic State</a> (ISIL).<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> On 7 October 2020, <a href="/wiki/Asia_Times" title="Asia Times">Asia Times</a> reported that mercenaries allegedly signed up to go to Azerbaijan for US$1,500 a month.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kommersant" title="Kommersant">Kommersant</a> states that during the first week of October up to 1,300 Syrian militants and 150 Libyan mercenaries deployed to Azerbaijan.<a href="#cite_note-:10-83">[83]</a> On 16 October 2020, Kommersant provided details of Turkish military involvement. Turkish servicemen had apparently remained in Azerbaijan after joint military drills during the summer, to coordinate and direct the planning and conducting of the operations. Six hundred servicemen had stayed on, including a tactical battalion of 200 people, 50 instructors in <a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_(city)" title="Nakhchivan (city)">Nakhchivan</a>, 90 military advisers in Baku, 120 flight personnel at the airbase in <a href="/wiki/Qabala" title="Qabala">Qabala</a>; 20 drone operators at <a href="/wiki/Dollyar_Air_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Dollyar Air Base">Dollyar Air Base</a>, 50 instructors at the aviabase in <a href="/wiki/Yevlakh" title="Yevlakh">Yevlakh</a>, 50 instructors in the 4th Army Corps in <a href="/wiki/Perekeshkul" class="mw-redirect" title="Perekeshkul">Perekeshkul</a> and 20 others at the <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_Navy#Naval_Bases_and_installations" title="Azerbaijani Navy">naval base</a> and <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Higher_Military_Academy" title="Azerbaijan Higher Military Academy">Azerbaijan Higher Military Academy</a> in Baku. According to the source, forces included 18 Turkish infantry fighting vehicles, one multiple launch rocket system, 10 vehicles and up to 34 aircraft, including 6 warplanes, 8 helicopters and up to 20 military intelligence drones.<a href="#cite_note-:10-83">[83]</a> Canada suspended the export of its drone technology to Turkey over concerns that it is using the technology in the conflict.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> On 11 January 2021, after being approached by the <a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Armenia–United Kingdom relations">Embassy of Armenia</a>, Hampshire-based <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a> aircraft component manufacturer Andair announced halting supply of Turkish drone manufacturer Baykar Makina – a subsidiary of Turkish Defence Company <a href="/wiki/Baykar" title="Baykar">Baykar</a>, as they were using components from Andair for armed drones.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> The British manufacturer became the latest company to stop selling equipment to Turkey after its components were found in drones shot down during the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> At the start of the conflict, according to the SOHR, a total of 320 Syrian fighters were in Azerbaijan, primarily of Syrian-Turkmen descent from the <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Murad_Division" title="Sultan Murad Division">Sultan Murad Division</a>, and initially had not participated in the fighting. It stated that Arab-majority Syrian rebel groups had in fact refused to send their fighters to Azerbaijan.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> However, the SOHR confirmed the deaths of 28 fighters several days after the start of the conflict.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> On 3 December 2020, the SOHR stated that at least 541 pro-Turkey Syrian rebel fighters, who were among more than 2,580 combatants, had been killed in the war. An unidentified SNA leader, <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> confirmed the deaths of dozens of Syrian fighters, most of them hired by Turkey.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Prime Minister Pashinyan in an interview given to French newspaper <a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro" title="Le Figaro">Le Figaro</a> wrote that 30% of Azerbaijani forces killed in hostilities were foreign mercenaries.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> On 27 January 2021, the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> adopted a resolution in which it strongly condemned Turkey's "destabilizing role" in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, accusing Ankara of sending foreign terrorist fighters from Syria and elsewhere to the conflict zone as confirmed by international actors, including the OSCE Minsk Group co-chair countries, and called for an end to Turkish military aid to Azerbaijan.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> On 11 March 2021, the European Parliament adopted another resolution in which it has strongly condemned the use of Syrian mercenaries in conflicts in Libya and Nagorno-Karabakh, in violation of international law.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> Azerbaijani officials, including President <a href="/wiki/Ilham_Aliyev" title="Ilham Aliyev">Aliyev</a> and his aid <a href="/wiki/Hikmet_Hajiyev" title="Hikmet Hajiyev">Hikmet Hajiyev</a>, denied the transfer of Syrian mercenaries, with Hajiyev stating that "Rumours of militants from Syria allegedly being redeployed to Azerbaijan is another provocation by the Armenian side."<a href="#cite_note-syriadenygov-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-:12-98">[98]</a> In December 2020, <a href="/wiki/Nezavisimaya_Gazeta" title="Nezavisimaya Gazeta">Nezavisimaya Gazeta</a> and <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82" class="extiw" title="ru:Росбалт">Rosbalt</a> questioned "the sources of information" regarding the participation of Syrian mercenaries in the war, pointing to the study by the Caspian and Black Sea Analysis Foundation (CCBS), a <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>-based analytical center, which mentioned that the accusations were based on messages from <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a> users, and also suggested that the first publication on this matter was done on 21 September by Kevork Almasyan of whose statement was then used by adding random photos of Syrian fighters as evidence. CCBS further mentioned that even the photograph of a deceased soldier (Serdar Temelli), who had died during the Turkish <a href="/wiki/Operation_Tiger_Claw" title="Operation Tiger Claw">Operation Tiger Claw</a> in northern Iraq, was used to illustrate the mercenaries in Karabakh.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> <a href="/wiki/Abkhazian_Network_News_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Abkhazian Network News Agency">ANNA News</a> correspondent Alexander Kharchenko, who reported from the Armenian positions during the war, in an interview he gave to <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Solovyov_(journalist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladimir Solovyov (journalist)">Vladimir Solovyov</a> on 14 November 2020, stated that he only saw and talked to Azerbaijani POWs, adding that he did not see any Syrian militants or Turkish special forces in the battlefield, and that the Armenians did not show him any documentation of third-party involvement on the Azerbaijani side.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> According to a researcher and <a href="/wiki/Turkologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkologist">Turkologist</a> Viktor Nadein-Raevsky, the Azerbaijani army was commanded by Turkish generals, and during the war, drones were also commanded by Turkish generals.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> In his annual report on state institutions operating under the Presidency at parliament's Planning and Budget Committee on 26 November 2021, Turkey's vice-president <a href="/wiki/Fuat_Oktay" title="Fuat Oktay">Fuat Oktay</a> stated that Turkey's <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Organization" title="National Intelligence Organization">National Intelligence Organization</a> (Milli İstihbarat Teşkilatı, MİT) played an active role in the Nagorno-Karabakh war in 2020, helping to shape the balances in the field. This first-ever official confirmation came to support the earlier statement of Head of the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service Sergey Naryshkin who on 6 November 2020 stated that Turkish intelligence agency was involved in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arms_supplies">Arms supplies</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Allegations_of_third-party_involvement_in_the_Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Arms supplies">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israel_2">Israel</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Allegations_of_third-party_involvement_in_the_Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Israel">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Azerbaijan–Israel relations">Azerbaijan–Israel relations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Azerbaijani,_Turkish_and_Israeli_flags_in_Baku_during_the_conflict_in_Karabakh_20.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Azerbaijani%2C_Turkish_and_Israeli_flags_in_Baku_during_the_conflict_in_Karabakh_20.jpg/220px-Azerbaijani%2C_Turkish_and_Israeli_flags_in_Baku_during_the_conflict_in_Karabakh_20.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Azerbaijani%2C_Turkish_and_Israeli_flags_in_Baku_during_the_conflict_in_Karabakh_20.jpg/330px-Azerbaijani%2C_Turkish_and_Israeli_flags_in_Baku_during_the_conflict_in_Karabakh_20.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Azerbaijani%2C_Turkish_and_Israeli_flags_in_Baku_during_the_conflict_in_Karabakh_20.jpg/440px-Azerbaijani%2C_Turkish_and_Israeli_flags_in_Baku_during_the_conflict_in_Karabakh_20.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>Azerbaijani, Turkish and Israeli flags in Baku in October 2020</figcaption></figure> According to the <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_International_Peace_Research_Institute" title="Stockholm International Peace Research Institute">Stockholm International Peace Research Institute</a> (STIPI), Israel provided nearly two-thirds of all arms imports to Azerbaijan over 2020, which, according to STIPI, have had a significant influence on how the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war was fought. The institute stated that Israel had provided the <a href="/wiki/IAI_Harop" title="IAI Harop">IAI Harop</a>, as well as M095 <a href="/wiki/DPICM" class="mw-redirect" title="DPICM">DPICM</a> <a href="/wiki/Cluster_munition" title="Cluster munition">cluster munitions</a> that were declared illegal by the Convention on Cluster Munitions in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-auto-104">[104]</a> Israel was reported by the Saudi-owned <a href="/wiki/Al-Arabiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Arabiya">Al-Arabiya</a> to have continued shipping weapons, especially drones, during the war.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> "Azerbaijan would not be able to continue its operation at this intensity without our support," an unnamed "senior source" reportedly in the Israeli Ministry of Defense said in an interview with <a href="/wiki/Asia_Times" title="Asia Times">Asia Times</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto-104">[104]</a> "Azerbaijan is an important country for us; we always try to be a good supplier even during times of tension, we have to make sure that we will honor the contracts we make with Azerbaijan," Efraim Inbar, president of the <a href="/wiki/JISS" title="JISS">Jerusalem Institute for Strategy and Security</a> told <a href="/wiki/Times_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Times of Israel">Times of Israel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> Israeli newspaper <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a> reported to have flagged significant airlift of arms and supplies from Israel to Azerbaijan during the conflict.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> In an interview with <a href="/wiki/David_Barsamian" title="David Barsamian">David Barsamian</a> of <a href="/wiki/Alternative_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative Radio">Alternative Radio</a>, American scientist and political activist <a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a> said that "The immediate crisis came when Azerbaijan, surely with Turkish backing [and] Israeli arms pouring in [attacked Armenia]" and that this aid came from "<a href="/wiki/Ben_Gurion_airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Ben Gurion airport">Ben Gurion airport</a> in Israel, [with] Ilyushin planes coming in and out, while no other planes are flying into Baku" and that they were "sending Israeli arms to Azerbaijan so they can kill people, Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh".<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> In an open letter on 5 October, a group of Israeli scholars of Caucasian and associated studies from different institutions called upon the Israeli government to "immediately cease arms sales to Azerbaijan",<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> followed by the <a href="/wiki/World_Union_of_Jewish_Students" title="World Union of Jewish Students">World Union of Jewish Students</a> (WUJS) statement on 15 October calling on the Israeli government "to cease all exports of weapons to Azerbaijan while the conflict is ongoing, and instead to play a role as a peace-seeking mediator."<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russia,_Iran_and_Georgia">Russia, Iran and Georgia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Allegations_of_third-party_involvement_in_the_Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Russia, Iran and Georgia">edit</a>]</div> During the conflict, unverified video footage that reportedly showed Russian weaponry and military hardware being transported to Armenia through Iran were posted on social media. On 29 September 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Iran)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Iran)">Iranian Foreign Ministry</a> denied these reports. The next day, Azerbaijani government-affiliated media outlets shared footage reportedly showing the materiel being transported.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> Azerbaijani MP <a href="/wiki/Sabir_Rustamkhanli" title="Sabir Rustamkhanli">Sabir Rustamkhanli</a> stated that Iran was engaged in transporting weapons from various countries to Armenia.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> Subsequently, in the Azerbaijani Parliament, Rustamkhanli suggested opening an Azerbaijani embassy in Israel.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Administration_of_Iran" title="Presidential Administration of Iran">Chief of Staff of the President of Iran</a>, in a phone call with the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Azerbaijan" title="Prime Minister of Azerbaijan">Deputy Prime Minister of Azerbaijan</a>, denied the reports and stated that they were aimed at disrupting the two countries' <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93Iran_relations" title="Azerbaijan–Iran relations">relations</a>. Iranian state-affiliated media stated that trucks depicted in the footage consisted of shipments of <a href="/wiki/Kamaz" title="Kamaz">Kamaz</a> trucks that the Armenian government had previously purchased from Russia.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> Azerbaijan's president initially stated that <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> had not allowed the transportation of weapons through its territory and thanked Georgia, as a partner and friend.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> However, in a subsequent interview, he stated that Armenia was misusing one of its <a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-76" title="Ilyushin Il-76">Il-76</a> cargo planes for civil flights, to secretly transport fighters and <a href="/wiki/9M133_Kornet" title="9M133 Kornet">Kornet anti-tank missiles</a> from Russia through Georgian airspace into Armenia.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> Georgia responded by stating that its airspace was closed to all military and military cargo flights but not for civil and humanitarian ones.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> A senior Armenian military official colonel-general <a href="/wiki/Movses_Hakobyan" title="Movses Hakobyan">Movses Hakobyan</a>, who resigned his post after the war, said that Russia delivered military supplies to Armenia during the war. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Serbia">Serbia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Allegations_of_third-party_involvement_in_the_Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Serbia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Azerbaijan–Serbia relations">Azerbaijan–Serbia relations</a></div> Azerbaijan stated that Armenia employed Serbian weapons, alleged to have been transported via Georgia.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> In response, the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Serbia" title="President of Serbia">President of Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Vu%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Aleksandar Vučić">Aleksandar Vučić</a>, stated that Serbia considered both Armenia and Azerbaijan to be friends and "brotherly nations", insisting that Serbian weapons were not used in Nagorno-Karabakh.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> Armenian sources, however, claimed that Serbia exported armaments to both countries.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Allegations_of_third-party_involvement_in_the_Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercenary" title="Mercenary">Mercenary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plausible_deniability" title="Plausible deniability">Plausible deniability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_warfare" title="Political warfare">Political warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unconventional_warfare" title="Unconventional warfare">Unconventional warfare</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Allegations_of_third-party_involvement_in_the_Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-bbc_061020-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_061020_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_061020_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54317944">"Война в Карабахе: сотни раненых и погибшие по обе стороны фронта"</a> [Karabakh war: Hundreds wounded and killed on both sides of the front] (in Russian). 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Retrieved 6 October 2020. <q>Some results of Saturday</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B2+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B5%3A+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Frussian%2Flive%2Fnews-54317944&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/en/185821/">"Turkish-backed mercenaries – First batch of Syrian fighters arrives in Azerbaijan"</a>. Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. Retrieved 27 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Turkish-backed+mercenaries+%E2%80%93+First+batch+of+Syrian+fighters+arrives+in+Azerbaijan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2Fen%2F185821%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-almonitorkurd-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-almonitorkurd_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-almonitorkurd_3-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSemenov2020" class="citation web cs1">Semenov, Kirill (14 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2020/10/russia-recuit-syria-kurds-fighting-armenia-azerbaijan.html">"Will Russia recruit Syrian Kurds to fight in Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict?"</a>. Al-Monitor. Retrieved 22 October 2020. <q>In this context, it was beneficial for the Russian side to stress the presence of "Kurdish extremist groups", which, according to the intelligence service, came to participate in the conflict on the side of Armenia. While there is no direct evidence of this yet, the potential deployment of Kurdistan Workers Party units or affiliated organizations in the zone of the Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict would be extremely sensitive for Turkey. If confirmed, instead of Ankara having eliminated the "Kurdish threat" at the southern borders of the country, a "terrorist hotbed" could be being created at Turkey's northern borders. This could be one price of Turkey's support for Azerbaijan.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Will+Russia+recruit+Syrian+Kurds+to+fight+in+Armenia-Azerbaijan+conflict%3F&rft.pub=Al-Monitor&rft.date=2020-10-14&rft.aulast=Semenov&rft.aufirst=Kirill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-monitor.com%2Fpulse%2Foriginals%2F2020%2F10%2Frussia-recuit-syria-kurds-fighting-armenia-azerbaijan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-KPSyria-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KPSyria_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-KPSyria_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-KPSyria_4-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIvanov2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ivanov, Mikhail (2 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kp.ru/daily/217190.5/4297301/">"Разбор мифа: так чьи же всё-таки наёмники сражаются в Карабахе?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Komsomolskaya_Pravda" title="Komsomolskaya Pravda">Komsomolskaya Pravda</a> (in Russian). 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Retrieved 28 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=apa.az&rft.atitle=Vagif+Dargahli%3A+%27There+are+mercenaries+of+Armenian+origin+from+Syria+and+different+countries+of+the+Middle+East+among+the+losses+of+the+enemy%27&rft.date=2020-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapa.az%2Fen%2Fazerbaijan-army-azerbaijani-armed-forces%2FVagif-Dargahli%3A-%2522There-are-mercenaries-of-Armenian-origin-from-Syria-and-different-countries-of-the-Middle-East-among-the-losses-of-the-enemy%2522-331402&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/erdogan-urges-armenia-to-end-occupation-in-upper-karabakh-158669">"Erdoğan urges Armenia to 'end occupation in Upper Karabakh'"</a>. Hurriyet Daily News. 28 September 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201008022039/https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/erdogan-urges-armenia-to-end-occupation-in-upper-karabakh-158669">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 10 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hurriyet+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Erdo%C4%9Fan+urges+Armenia+to+%27end+occupation+in+Upper+Karabakh%27&rft.date=2020-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyetdailynews.com%2Ferdogan-urges-armenia-to-end-occupation-in-upper-karabakh-158669&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apa.az/en/domestic-news/Hikmet-Hajiyev:-%22International-community-should-adequately-respond-to-the-use-of-terrorist-forces-by-Armenian-against-Azerbaijan%22-331711">"Hikmet Hajiyev: "International community should adequately respond to the use of terrorist forces by Armenian against Azerbaijan""</a>. apa.az. 30 September 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201001061433/https://apa.az/en/domestic-news/Hikmet-Hajiyev:-%22International-community-should-adequately-respond-to-the-use-of-terrorist-forces-by-Armenian-against-Azerbaijan%22-331711">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2020. Retrieved 30 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=apa.az&rft.atitle=Hikmet+Hajiyev%3A+%22International+community+should+adequately+respond+to+the+use+of+terrorist+forces+by+Armenian+against+Azerbaijan%22&rft.date=2020-09-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapa.az%2Fen%2Fdomestic-news%2FHikmet-Hajiyev%3A-%2522International-community-should-adequately-respond-to-the-use-of-terrorist-forces-by-Armenian-against-Azerbaijan%2522-331711&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/en/186288/">"Armenia–Azerbaijan conflict | First Syrian fighter of Ankara-backed factions killed in Azerbaijan"</a>. Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 30 September 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201005180045/https://www.syriahr.com/en/186288/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2020. Retrieved 1 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Armenia%E2%80%93Azerbaijan+conflict+%7C+First+Syrian+fighter+of+Ankara-backed+factions+killed+in+Azerbaijan&rft.date=2020-09-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2Fen%2F186288%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apa.az/en/frontline-news/Azerbaijani-MFA:-Foreign-terrorist-and-mercenaries-being-used-by-Armenia-against-Azerbaijan-332119">"Azerbaijani MFA: Foreign terrorist and mercenaries being used by Armenia against Azerbaijan"</a>. apa.az. 5 October 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=apa.az&rft.atitle=Azerbaijani+MFA%3A+Foreign+terrorist+and+mercenaries+being+used+by+Armenia+against+Azerbaijan&rft.date=2020-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapa.az%2Fen%2Ffrontline-news%2FAzerbaijani-MFA%3A-Foreign-terrorist-and-mercenaries-being-used-by-Armenia-against-Azerbaijan-332119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://greekcitytimes.com/2020/10/03/former-non-commissioned-officer-im-going-to-artsakh-with-500-800-greeks-to-crush-the-turks/">"Former non-commissioned officer: "I'm going to Artsakh with 500–800 Greeks to crush the Turks""</a>. Greek City Times. 3 October 2020. Retrieved 27 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Greek+City+Times&rft.atitle=Former+non-commissioned+officer%3A+%22I%27m+going+to+Artsakh+with+500%E2%80%93800+Greeks+to+crush+the+Turks%22&rft.date=2020-10-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgreekcitytimes.com%2F2020%2F10%2F03%2Fformer-non-commissioned-officer-im-going-to-artsakh-with-500-800-greeks-to-crush-the-turks%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancis2020" class="citation web cs1">Francis, Maria Semerdjian, Ellen (1 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-armenia-azerbaijan-lebanon-idUKKBN27H157">"Despite Lebanon's woes, Armenians spring to action for Nagorno-Karabakh"</a>. reuters.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=reuters.com&rft.atitle=Despite+Lebanon%27s+woes%2C+Armenians+spring+to+action+for+Nagorno-Karabakh&rft.date=2020-11-01&rft.aulast=Francis&rft.aufirst=Maria+Semerdjian%2C+Ellen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fuk-armenia-azerbaijan-lebanon-idUKKBN27H157&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.panarmenian.net/eng/news/292378/">"Military: Israeli crew supported Azerbaijan during Karabakh war"</a>. PanARMENIAN.Net. 24 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PanARMENIAN.Net&rft.atitle=Military%3A+Israeli+crew+supported+Azerbaijan+during+Karabakh+war&rft.date=2021-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.panarmenian.net%2Feng%2Fnews%2F292378%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apa.az/en/accidents-incidents-news/SSS-announces-facts-approving-fighting-of-PKK-terrorists-on-the-Armenian-side-against-Azerbaijan-332242">"SSS announces facts, approving fighting of PKK terrorists on the Armenian side against Azerbaijan"</a>. apa.az. 5 October 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2020. <q>The Republic of Armenia uses foreign mercenaries, including members of the Kurdish terrorist groups whom Armenia has brought from Iraq and Syria, in its aggression against Azerbaijan, Public Relations Department of the State Security Service (SSS) told APA. State Security Service of the Republic of Azerbaijan has intercepted conversations of the terrorists related to the PKK who are participating in combat activities against Azerbaijan. According to the intercepted conversations, the terrorists discuss the precarious situation on Armenia's side and numerous losses. They also talk about how the Azerbaijani side effectively uses drones and regret that they have come to the war zone being deceived by the Armenians. Here we present the above-mentioned materials.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=apa.az&rft.atitle=SSS+announces+facts%2C+approving+fighting+of+PKK+terrorists+on+the+Armenian+side+against+Azerbaijan&rft.date=2020-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapa.az%2Fen%2Faccidents-incidents-news%2FSSS-announces-facts-approving-fighting-of-PKK-terrorists-on-the-Armenian-side-against-Azerbaijan-332242&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_30-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://anfturkce.com/rojava-surIye/ermeni-taburu-tuerk-devleti-suriye-den-karabag-a-sevkiyat-yapiyor-146589">"Ermeni Taburu: Türk devleti Suriye'den Karabağ'a sevkiyat yapıyor"</a>. ANF News.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ANF+News&rft.atitle=Ermeni+Taburu%3A+T%C3%BCrk+devleti+Suriye%27den+Karaba%C4%9F%27a+sevkiyat+yap%C4%B1yor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fanfturkce.com%2Frojava-surIye%2Fermeni-taburu-tuerk-devleti-suriye-den-karabag-a-sevkiyat-yapiyor-146589&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.panarmenian.net/eng/news/286679/">"Azerbaijan smuggling in more terrorists, arms – Armenia NSS"</a>. panarmenian.net. 17 October 2020. Retrieved 17 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=panarmenian.net&rft.atitle=Azerbaijan+smuggling+in+more+terrorists%2C+arms+%E2%80%93+Armenia+NSS&rft.date=2020-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.panarmenian.net%2Feng%2Fnews%2F286679%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiddiqui2020" class="citation news cs1">Siddiqui, Naveed (17 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dawn.com/news/1585565/fo-rejects-baseless-claim-by-armenian-pm-about-pakistani-forces-involvement-in-karabakh-conflict">"FO rejects 'baseless' claim by Armenian PM about Pakistani forces' involvement in Karabakh conflict"</a>. Dawn. Retrieved 1 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dawn&rft.atitle=FO+rejects+%27baseless%27+claim+by+Armenian+PM+about+Pakistani+forces%27+involvement+in+Karabakh+conflict&rft.date=2020-10-17&rft.aulast=Siddiqui&rft.aufirst=Naveed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1585565%2Ffo-rejects-baseless-claim-by-armenian-pm-about-pakistani-forces-involvement-in-karabakh-conflict&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tass.com/pressreview/1217255">"Press review: Has Pakistan entered the Karabakh conflict and why Pompeo is touring S. Asia"</a>. tass.com. <a href="/wiki/TASS" title="TASS">TASS</a>. 28 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tass.com&rft.atitle=Press+review%3A+Has+Pakistan+entered+the+Karabakh+conflict+and+why+Pompeo+is+touring+S.+Asia&rft.date=2020-10-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftass.com%2Fpressreview%2F1217255&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wionews.com/world/pakistan-is-sending-armed-terrorists-to-azerbaijan-armenian-pm-tells-wion-337721">"Pakistan is sending armed terrorists to Azerbaijan, Armenian PM tells WION"</a>. wionnews.com. <a href="/wiki/WION_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="WION (TV channel)">WION</a>. 24 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wionnews.com&rft.atitle=Pakistan+is+sending+armed+terrorists+to+Azerbaijan%2C+Armenian+PM+tells+WION&rft.date=2020-10-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wionews.com%2Fworld%2Fpakistan-is-sending-armed-terrorists-to-azerbaijan-armenian-pm-tells-wion-337721&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4549481">"В Карабах из-за Гиндукуша"</a> [To Karabakh due to Hindu Kush]. Коммерсантъ (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Kommersant" title="Kommersant">Kommersant</a>. 28 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8A&rft.atitle=%D0%92+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%85+%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0&rft.date=2020-10-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kommersant.ru%2Fdoc%2F4549481&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arabnews.com/node/1928836/middle-east">"Turkey, Azerbaijan, Pakistan launch 'Three Brothers' joint military exercises"</a>. arabnews.com. <a href="/wiki/Arab_News" title="Arab News">Arab News</a>. 14 September 2021. Retrieved 20 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=arabnews.com&rft.atitle=Turkey%2C+Azerbaijan%2C+Pakistan+launch+%27Three+Brothers%27+joint+military+exercises&rft.date=2021-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabnews.com%2Fnode%2F1928836%2Fmiddle-east&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eadaily.com/ru/news/2021/03/01/pakistan-posle-karabahskoy-voyny-ostorozhnyy-poisk-novyh-soyuznikov">"Пакистан после карабахской войны: осторожный поиск новых союзников"</a>. eadaily.com (in Russian). 1 March 2021. Retrieved 20 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eadaily.com&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B%3A+%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.date=2021-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feadaily.com%2Fru%2Fnews%2F2021%2F03%2F01%2Fpakistan-posle-karabahskoy-voyny-ostorozhnyy-poisk-novyh-soyuznikov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.azernews.az/nation/183506.html">"Military officials from Azerbaijan, Turkey, Pakistan observe "Three Brothers – 2021" exercises [PHOTO]"</a>. azernews.az. 20 September 2021. 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Retrieved 27 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ura.news&rft.atitle=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B+%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%B2+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%85&rft.date=2020-09-28&rft.aulast=Anfalov&rft.aufirst=Maxim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fura.news%2Fnews%2F1052451658&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WagnerGroupRFE-51">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WagnerGroupRFE_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WagnerGroupRFE_51-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFКрутов2020" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Крутов, Марк (1 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201010091251/https://www.svoboda.org/a/30868597.html">"'Россия ослабела из-за авантюр Путина'. Поможет ли Москва Еревану?"</a> ["Russia has weakened because of Putin's adventures." Will Moscow help Yerevan?]. Radio Svoboda (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.svoboda.org/a/30868597.html">the original</a> on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Svoboda&rft.atitle=%27%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%80+%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%27.+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%3F&rft.date=2020-10-01&rft.aulast=%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.aufirst=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.svoboda.org%2Fa%2F30868597.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201008165717/https://bnr.bg/post/101350649/pavel-felgengauer-v-armenia-sa-bili-prehvarleni-chasti-ot-ruskata-chvk-vagner">"Павел Фелгенгауер: В Армения са били прехвърлени части от руската ЧВК "Вагнер""</a> [Pavel Felgenhauer: Parts of Russian PMC Wagner were transferred to Armenia]. <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_National_Radio" title="Bulgarian National Radio">Bulgarian National Radio</a> (in Russian). 3 October 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bnr.bg/post/101350649/pavel-felgengauer-v-armenia-sa-bili-prehvarleni-chasti-ot-ruskata-chvk-vagner">the original</a> on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bulgarian+National+Radio&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B5%D1%80%3A+%D0%92+%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%B0+%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B2%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%BE%D1%82+%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%A7%D0%92%D0%9A+%22%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%22&rft.date=2020-10-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbnr.bg%2Fpost%2F101350649%2Fpavel-felgengauer-v-armenia-sa-bili-prehvarleni-chasti-ot-ruskata-chvk-vagner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGolubev2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Golubev, Kirill (2 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210127133720/https://rusplt.ru/policy/chvk-vagnera-zamechena-v-5fc76.html">"ЧВК "Вагнера" замечена в подконтрольном Азербайджану Шуши"</a> [PMC "Wagner" spotted in Azerbaijan-controlled Shushi]. Russkaya Planeta (in Russian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rusplt.ru/policy/chvk-vagnera-zamechena-v-5fc76.html">the original</a> on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 27 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Russkaya+Planeta&rft.atitle=%D0%A7%D0%92%D0%9A+%22%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%22+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B2+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83+%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B8&rft.date=2020-12-02&rft.aulast=Golubev&rft.aufirst=Kirill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frusplt.ru%2Fpolicy%2Fchvk-vagnera-zamechena-v-5fc76.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210127133251/https://regnum.ru/news/polit/3115204.html">"ЧВК "Вагнер" сыграла немалую роль – эксперт о ситуации в Нагорном Карабахе"</a> [PMC "Wagner" played a significant role – expert on the situation in Nagorno-Karabakh]. <a href="/wiki/REGNUM_News_Agency" title="REGNUM News Agency">REGNUM</a> (in Russian). 13 November 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://regnum.ru/news/polit/3115204.html">the original</a> on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 27 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=REGNUM&rft.atitle=%D0%A7%D0%92%D0%9A+%22%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%22+%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%8E+%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C+%E2%80%93+%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82+%D0%BE+%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B5&rft.date=2020-11-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fregnum.ru%2Fnews%2Fpolit%2F3115204.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyzhov2020" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ryzhov, Vitaly (13 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210127133432/https://www.osnmedia.ru/world/vybory-v-rossii-blizki-k-idealu-v-otlichie-ot-ssha-ili-moldovy-muhin/">"Эксперт: ЧВК "Вагнер" в корне изменила ситуацию в Нагорном Карабахе"</a> [Expert: PMC "Wagner" radically changed the situation in Nagorno-Karabakh]. Общественная служба новостей (in Russian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osnmedia.ru/world/prisutstvie-chvk-vagner-v-karabahe-oslabit-pyl-boevikov-zlobov/">the original</a> on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 27 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9&rft.atitle=%D0%AD%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%3A+%D0%A7%D0%92%D0%9A+%22%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%22+%D0%B2+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8E+%D0%B2+%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B5&rft.date=2020-11-13&rft.aulast=Ryzhov&rft.aufirst=Vitaly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osnmedia.ru%2Fworld%2Fprisutstvie-chvk-vagner-v-karabahe-oslabit-pyl-boevikov-zlobov%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGhazaryan2020" class="citation web cs1">Ghazaryan, Karine (7 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201124153659/https://www.bellingcat.com/news/uk-and-europe/2020/10/07/wagner-affiliated-channel-trolls-nagorno-karabakh-conflict-analysts/">"Wagner-Affiliated Telegram Channel Trolls Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict Analysts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bellingcat" title="Bellingcat">Bellingcat</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bellingcat.com/news/uk-and-europe/2020/10/07/wagner-affiliated-channel-trolls-nagorno-karabakh-conflict-analysts/">the original</a> on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bellingcat&rft.atitle=Wagner-Affiliated+Telegram+Channel+Trolls+Nagorno-Karabakh+Conflict+Analysts&rft.date=2020-10-07&rft.aulast=Ghazaryan&rft.aufirst=Karine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bellingcat.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-and-europe%2F2020%2F10%2F07%2Fwagner-affiliated-channel-trolls-nagorno-karabakh-conflict-analysts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFRANTZMAN2020" class="citation web cs1">FRANTZMAN, SETH J. (26 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/is-turkey-planning-to-recruit-syrians-to-fight-armenia-643628">"Is Turkey planning to recruit Syrians to fight Armenia? – The Jerusalem Post"</a>. The Jerusalem Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201018234150/https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/is-turkey-planning-to-recruit-syrians-to-fight-armenia-643628">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2020. Retrieved 18 October 2020. <q>Turkey has upped its rhetoric against Armenia in recent days, threatening the country and claiming Armenia is "playing with fire" and alleging Armenia has recruited "terrorists". [...] Several hundred Syrian refugees have been recruited by Turkey to fight against Armenia in the disputed Karabagh region, according to claims by Syrian commentators, activists and other reports. The claims were posted on social media this week and circulated among Syrian refugees, dissidents and others who monitor Syria.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Is+Turkey+planning+to+recruit+Syrians+to+fight+Armenia%3F+%E2%80%93+The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.date=2020-09-26&rft.aulast=FRANTZMAN&rft.aufirst=SETH+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fmiddle-east%2Fis-turkey-planning-to-recruit-syrians-to-fight-armenia-643628&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKernan2020" class="citation news cs1">McKernan, Bethan (28 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/28/syrian-rebel-fighters-prepare-to-deploy-to-azerbaijan-in-sign-of-turkeys-ambition">"Syrian rebel fighters prepare to deploy to Azerbaijan in sign of Turkey's ambition"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200928212602/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/28/syrian-rebel-fighters-prepare-to-deploy-to-azerbaijan-in-sign-of-turkeys-ambition">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2020. Retrieved 29 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Syrian+rebel+fighters+prepare+to+deploy+to+Azerbaijan+in+sign+of+Turkey%27s+ambition&rft.date=2020-09-28&rft.aulast=McKernan&rft.aufirst=Bethan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2Fsep%2F28%2Fsyrian-rebel-fighters-prepare-to-deploy-to-azerbaijan-in-sign-of-turkeys-ambition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20200929-azerbaijan-denies-turkey-sent-syria-fighters-to-support-it/">"Azerbaijan denies Turkey sent Syria fighters to support it"</a>. middleeastmonitor.com. Middle East Monitor. 29 September 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200929123407/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20200929-azerbaijan-denies-turkey-sent-syria-fighters-to-support-it/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2020. Retrieved 29 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=middleeastmonitor.com&rft.atitle=Azerbaijan+denies+Turkey+sent+Syria+fighters+to+support+it&rft.date=2020-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeastmonitor.com%2F20200929-azerbaijan-denies-turkey-sent-syria-fighters-to-support-it%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observers.france24.com/fr/20201020-videos-document-presence-mercenaires-syriens-conflit-haut-karabakh">"Des vidéos documentent la présence de mercenaires syriens dans le conflit du Haut-Karabakh"</a> (in French). France24. 20 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Des+vid%C3%A9os+documentent+la+pr%C3%A9sence+de+mercenaires+syriens+dans+le+conflit+du+Haut-Karabakh&rft.pub=France24&rft.date=2020-10-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fobservers.france24.com%2Ffr%2F20201020-videos-document-presence-mercenaires-syriens-conflit-haut-karabakh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/armenia-azerbaijan-syria-war-fighting-mercenary-russia-b912446.html">"We don't even know where Azerbaijan is: The Syrian mercenaries driven by poverty to die in a distant war"</a>. 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Retrieved 10 October 2020. <q>Prime Minister of Armenia Nikol Pashinyan announced that the analysis of the developments of the previous day show that 150–200 soldiers of the enemy attack 1 military position of the Defense Army of Artsakh.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=armenpress.am&rft.atitle=150+Turkish+high+ranking+military+officers+in+Azerbaijani+command+centers+%E2%80%93+PM+Pashinyan&rft.date=2020-10-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farmenpress.am%2Feng%2Fnews%2F1030164%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.am/eng/news/605835.html">Armenia NSS presents facts about Turkey participation in ongoing hostilities at Karabakh conflict zone</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPavlovska2020" class="citation web cs1">Pavlovska, Elena (16 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210111051521/https://www.neweurope.eu/article/pompeo-criticizes-turkeys-involvement-in-nagorno-karabakh-conflict/">"Pompeo criticizes Turkey's involvement in Nagorno-Karabakh conflict"</a>. neweurope.eu. 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TASS. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201008225014/https://tass.ru/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/9619351">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2020. 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RBK Group. 6 October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201007013945/https://www.rbc.ru/politics/06/10/2020/5f7c5b249a79477685a1fab8">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2020. Retrieved 6 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rbc.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB+%22%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%22+%D0%B2+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5+%D0%B2+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B5&rft.date=2020-10-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbc.ru%2Fpolitics%2F06%2F10%2F2020%2F5f7c5b249a79477685a1fab8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZaza2020" class="citation web cs1">Zaza, Ahmad (7 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asiatimes.com/2020/10/turkey-deploys-syrian-mercenaries-to-karabakh-war/">"Turkey deploys Syrian mercenaries to Karabakh war"</a>. asiatimes.com. 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Retrieved 14 January 2021. <q>After investigation, Andair immediately halted supply and cancelled all orders from Baykar Makina</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cessation+of+supply+to+Baykar+Makina&rft.place=Hampshire%2C+UK&rft.pub=Andair&rft.date=2021-01-11&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=Owen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.andair.co.uk%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2021%2F01%2FCessation-of-supply-to-Baykar-Makina.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210116162447/https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/mena/uk-supplier-stops-sales-of-parts-to-turkey-s-drone-programme-1.1146306">"UK supplier stops sales of parts to Turkey's drone programme"</a>. 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Retrieved 10 October 2020. <q>"These situations are dangerous and this is not our battle, the Shia have been our number one enemy supporting the Syrian regime for 10 years", he said, adding that they will not just be used as guards and 30 Syrians have already been killed in fighting on the front.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turkey+recruiting+Syrians+to+guard+troops+and+facilities+in+Azerbaijan&rft.pub=Middle+East+Eye&rft.date=2020-09-29&rft.aulast=Carley&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeasteye.net%2Fnews%2Fazerbaijan-armenia-turkey-syrians-recruiting-guard-facilities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKernan2020" class="citation news cs1">McKernan, Bethan (2 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/02/syrian-recruit-describes-role-of-foreign-fighters-in-nagorno-karabakh">"Syrian recruit describes role of foreign fighters in Nagorno-Karabakh"</a>. 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Retrieved 9 January 2021. <q>Azerbaijan would not be able to continue its operation at this intensity without our support," a senior source in the Israeli Ministry of Defense said</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asia+Times&rft.atitle=Israel+to+maintain+Azeri+edge+in+Karabakh+war&rft.date=2020-10-14&rft.aulast=Ben-Eprahim&rft.aufirst=Shaiel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasiatimes.com%2F2020%2F10%2Fisrael-to-maintain-azeri-edge-in-karabakh-war%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/world/2020/10/01/Israel-sending-weapons-to-Azerbaijan-as-fight-with-Armenia-rages-on-Sources">"Israel sending weapons to Azerbaijan as fight with Armenia rages on: Sources"</a>. 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Retrieved 7 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel+sending+weapons+to+Azerbaijan+as+fight+with+Armenia+rages+on%3A+Sources&rft.pub=Al+Arabiya+English&rft.date=2020-09-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Fen%2FNews%2Fworld%2F2020%2F10%2F01%2FIsrael-sending-weapons-to-Azerbaijan-as-fight-with-Armenia-rages-on-Sources&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLavallée2020" class="citation news cs1">Lavallée, Guillaume (5 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/experts-believe-israel-unlikely-to-drop-lucrative-arms-sales-to-azerbaijan/">"Experts believe Israel unlikely to drop lucrative arms sales to Azerbaijan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Times_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Times of Israel">Times of Israel</a>. Retrieved 10 January 2021. <q>We always try to be a good supplier even during times of tension… we have to make sure that we will honor the contracts we make with Azerbaijan, Efraim Inbar said</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Experts+believe+Israel+unlikely+to+drop+lucrative+arms+sales+to+Azerbaijan&rft.date=2020-10-05&rft.aulast=Lavall%C3%A9e&rft.aufirst=Guillaume&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fexperts-believe-israel-unlikely-to-drop-lucrative-arms-sales-to-azerbaijan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMelman2020" class="citation news cs1">Melman, Yossi (7 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/nagorno-karabakh-conflict-israel-azerbaijan-arms-trade-armenia-iran-1.9212986">"As Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict Expands, Israel-Azerbaijan Arms Trade Thrives"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>. Retrieved 31 December 2020. <q>A proliferation of flights between the two countries is linked to the renewal of the fighting between Armenia and Azerbaijan in the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=As+Nagorno-Karabakh+Conflict+Expands%2C+Israel-Azerbaijan+Arms+Trade+Thrives&rft.date=2020-10-07&rft.aulast=Melman&rft.aufirst=Yossi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2Fnagorno-karabakh-conflict-israel-azerbaijan-arms-trade-armenia-iran-1.9212986&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarsamian2020" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Barsamian" title="David Barsamian">Barsamian, David</a> (10 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chomsky.info/20201010-2/">"Noam Chomsky Discusses Azeri Aggression on Artsakh"</a>. Chomsky.info. Retrieved 10 January 2021. <q>the immediate crisis came when Azerbaijan, surely with Turkish backing, Israeli arms pouring in. Ben Gurion airport in Israel, Ilyushin planes coming in and out, while no other planes are flying [into Baku], sending Israeli arms to Azerbaijan so they can kill people, Armenians in Nagorno Karabakh</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chomsky.info&rft.atitle=Noam+Chomsky+Discusses+Azeri+Aggression+on+Artsakh&rft.date=2020-10-10&rft.aulast=Barsamian&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchomsky.info%2F20201010-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmitaiAuronCharnyDeitch2020" class="citation conference cs1">Amitai, Reuven; Auron, Yair; Charny, Israel; Deitch, Moran, eds. 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Retrieved 30 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=iribnews.ir&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C+%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C+%D8%A7%D8%B2+%D8%AE%D8%A7%DA%A9+%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%21&rft.date=2020-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iribnews.ir%2Ffa%2Fnews%2F2841827%2F%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%AE%D8%A7%DA%A9-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://agenda.ge/en/news/2020/2914">"Azerbaijani president Aliyev: Georgia has prevented transit for arms supply for Armenia"</a>. agenda.ge. 21 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Azerbaijani+president+Aliyev%3A+Georgia+has+prevented+transit+for+arms+supply+for+Armenia&rft.date=2020-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fagenda.ge%2Fen%2Fnews%2F2020%2F2914&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://report.az/ru/nagorno-karabakhskiy-konflikt/aliev-iran-i-gruziya-zakryli-vozdushnoe-prostranstvo-i-nazemnye-dorogi-dlya-dostavki-oruzhiya-v-armeniyu/">"Алиев: Иран и Грузия закрыли воздушное пространство и наземные дороги для доставки оружия в Армению"</a>. Информационное Агентство Репорт (in Russian). 16 October 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82&rft.atitle=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%3A+%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD+%D0%B8+%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B2+%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8E&rft.date=2020-10-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freport.az%2Fru%2Fnagorno-karabakhskiy-konflikt%2Faliev-iran-i-gruziya-zakryli-vozdushnoe-prostranstvo-i-nazemnye-dorogi-dlya-dostavki-oruzhiya-v-armeniyu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://civil.ge/archives/375897">"Karabakh: Georgia Says Not Responsible for Civilian Flights"</a>. civil.ge. 17 October 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=civil.ge&rft.atitle=Karabakh%3A+Georgia+Says+Not+Responsible+for+Civilian+Flights&rft.date=2020-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcivil.ge%2Farchives%2F375897&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://balkaninsight.com/2020/10/02/serbia-is-playing-with-fire-delivering-arms-to-armenia/">"Serbia is Playing With Fire, Delivering Arms to Armenia | Balkan Insight"</a>. balkaninsight.com. 2 October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201006182614/https://balkaninsight.com/2020/10/02/serbia-is-playing-with-fire-delivering-arms-to-armenia/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=balkaninsight.com&rft.atitle=Serbia+is+Playing+With+Fire%2C+Delivering+Arms+to+Armenia+%7C+Balkan+Insight&rft.date=2020-10-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbalkaninsight.com%2F2020%2F10%2F02%2Fserbia-is-playing-with-fire-delivering-arms-to-armenia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalvoices.org/2020/10/08/serbian-government-first-flaunts-then-denies-having-sold-weapons-to-both-armenia-and-azerbaijan/">"Serbian government first flaunts, then denies having sold weapons to both Armenia and Azerbaijan"</a>. 8 October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201009221751/https://globalvoices.org/2020/10/08/serbian-government-first-flaunts-then-denies-having-sold-weapons-to-both-armenia-and-azerbaijan/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2020. Retrieved 10 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Serbian+government+first+flaunts%2C+then+denies+having+sold+weapons+to+both+Armenia+and+Azerbaijan&rft.date=2020-10-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalvoices.org%2F2020%2F10%2F08%2Fserbian-government-first-flaunts-then-denies-having-sold-weapons-to-both-armenia-and-azerbaijan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rs.n1info.com/english/news/a655666-Armenian-diplomat-Serbia-has-sold-arms-to-both-Armenia-and-Azerbaijan/">"Armenian diplomat: Serbia has sold arms to both Armenia and Azerbaijan"</a>. N1 (in Serbian). 2020-09-30. Retrieved 2022-09-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=N1&rft.atitle=Armenian+diplomat%3A+Serbia+has+sold+arms+to+both+Armenia+and+Azerbaijan&rft.date=2020-09-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frs.n1info.com%2Fenglish%2Fnews%2Fa655666-Armenian-diplomat-Serbia-has-sold-arms-to-both-Armenia-and-Azerbaijan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllegations+of+third-party+involvement+in+the+Second+Nagorno-Karabakh+War" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="Template:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="Template talk:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">Nagorno-Karabakh conflict</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh" title="Nagorno-Karabakh">Nagorno-Karabakh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nagorno-Karabakh" title="History of Nagorno-Karabakh">History</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_war_(1918%E2%80%931920)" title="Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)">Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_Azerbaijanis_from_Armenia" title="Deportation of Azerbaijanis from Armenia">Deportation of Azerbaijanis from Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Dissolution of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karabakh_movement" title="Karabakh movement">Karabakh movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miatsum" title="Miatsum">Miatsum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Azerbaijan" title="Armenians in Azerbaijan">Armenians in Azerbaijan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Baku" title="Armenians in Baku">Armenians in Baku</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Armenia" title="Azerbaijanis in Armenia">Azerbaijanis in Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Armenian_sentiment_in_Azerbaijan" title="Anti-Armenian sentiment in Azerbaijan">Anti-Armenian sentiment in Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Azerbaijan_relations" title="Armenia–Azerbaijan relations">Armenia–Azerbaijan relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">First war</a> (1988–1994)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ardaql%C4%B1,_Shamkir#Deportation_of_the_Armenian_population" title="Çardaqlı, Shamkir">Çardaqlı clash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Askeran_clash" title="Askeran clash">Askeran clash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumgait_pogrom" title="Sumgait pogrom">Sumgait pogrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gugark_pogrom" title="Gugark pogrom">Gugark pogrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvartnots_Airport_clash" title="Zvartnots Airport clash">Zvartnots Airport clash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_violence_in_Shusha_and_Stepanakert" title="1988 violence in Shusha and Stepanakert">Shusha and Stepanakert pogroms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirovabad_pogrom" title="Kirovabad pogrom">Kirovabad pogrom</a></li> <li>Il-76 crash near Leninakan (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baku_pogrom" title="Baku pogrom">Baku pogrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%C4%9Fanis_Ayrum" class="mw-redirect" title="Bağanis Ayrum">Bağanis Ayrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Tbilisi%E2%80%93Agdam_bus_bombing" title="1990 Tbilisi–Agdam bus bombing">1990 Tbilisi–Agdam bus bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ring" title="Operation Ring">Operation Ring</a></li> <li>Voskepar massacre</li> <li>Battle of Togh</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Azerbaijani_Mil_Mi-8_shootdown" title="1991 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown">1991 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_on_Abolishment_of_Nagorno-Karabakh_Autonomous_Oblast" title="Law on Abolishment of Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast">Law on Abolishment of Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Stepanakert" title="Siege of Stepanakert">Siege of Stepanakert</a></li> <li>Operation Dashalty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Azerbaijani_Mil_Mi-8_shootdown" title="1992 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown">1992 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Gushchular_and_Malibeyli" title="Capture of Gushchular and Malibeyli">Capture of Gushchular and Malibeyli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Garadaghly" title="Capture of Garadaghly">Capture of Garadaghly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khojaly_massacre" title="Khojaly massacre">Khojaly massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maraga_massacre" title="Maraga massacre">Maraga massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shusha_(1992)" title="Battle of Shusha (1992)">Capture of Shusha</a></li> <li>Capture of Artsvashen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Goranboy" title="Operation Goranboy">Operation Goranboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mardakert_and_Martuni_Offensives" title="Mardakert and Martuni Offensives">Mardakert and Martuni Offensives</a></li> <li>Operation Həsənqaya</li> <li>Battle of Lachin</li> <li>Operation Qazançı</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Azerbaijani_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1993 Azerbaijani coup d'état">1993 Azerbaijani coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kalbajar" title="Battle of Kalbajar">Battle of Kalbajar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aghdam" title="Battle of Aghdam">Battle of Aghdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Summer_Offensives" title="1993 Summer Offensives">1993 Summer Offensives</a></li> <li>Operation Geghamasar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Horadiz" title="Operation Horadiz">Operation Horadiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kalbajar" title="Operation Kalbajar">Operation Kalbajar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Baku_Metro_bombings" title="1994 Baku Metro bombings">1994 Baku Metro bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Iranian_Air_Force_C-130_shootdown" title="1994 Iranian Air Force C-130 shootdown">1994 Iranian Air Force C-130 shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Bagratashen_bombing" title="1994 Bagratashen bombing">1994 Bagratashen bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_in_Azerbaijan" title="Refugees in Azerbaijan">Refugees in Azerbaijan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interwar clashes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Mardakert_clashes" title="2008 Mardakert clashes">2008 Mardakert clashes</a></li> <li>January 2009 Agdam military incident</li> <li>September 2009 Agdam military incident</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Nagorno-Karabakh_clashes" title="2010 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes">2010 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Mardakert_clashes" title="2010 Mardakert clashes">2010 Mardakert clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_border_clashes" title="2012 Armenian–Azerbaijani border clashes">2012 Armenian–Azerbaijani border clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_clashes" title="2014 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes">2014 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Armenian_Mil_Mi-24_shootdown" title="2014 Armenian Mil Mi-24 shootdown">2014 Armenian Mil Mi-24 shootdown</a></li> <li>2016 Odundağ clashes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="2016 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">2016 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict</a></li> <li>2017 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_shelling_of_Alxanl%C4%B1" title="2017 shelling of Alxanlı">Shelling of Alxanlı</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_clashes" title="2018 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes">2018 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes</a></li> <li>2019 clash near Chinari</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2020_Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_clashes" title="July 2020 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes">July 2020 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Incidents_during_the_July_2020_Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_clashes" title="Incidents during the July 2020 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes">Incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Azerbaijani_protests" title="2020 Azerbaijani protests">Protests in Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_July_2020_Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="International reactions to the July 2020 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes">Reactions</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Second war</a> (2020)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Timeline of the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Casualties of the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Casualties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="International reactions to the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">International reactions</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Allegations of third-party involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagiz_offensive" title="Madagiz offensive">Madagiz offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aras_Valley_campaign" title="Aras Valley campaign">Aras Valley campaign</a></li> <li>Bombardments (<a href="/wiki/2020_Barda_missile_attacks" title="2020 Barda missile attacks">Barda</a>, <a href="/wiki/2020_Ganja_missile_attacks" title="2020 Ganja missile attacks">Ganja</a>, <a href="/wiki/2020_Ghazanchetsots_Cathedral_shelling" title="2020 Ghazanchetsots Cathedral shelling">Ghazanchetsots Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/2020_bombardment_of_Martuni" title="2020 bombardment of Martuni">Martuni</a>, <a href="/wiki/2020_bombardment_of_Stepanakert" title="2020 bombardment of Stepanakert">Stepanakert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Tartar" title="Bombardment of Tartar">Tartar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hadrut" title="Battle of Hadrut">Battle of Hadrut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachin_offensive" title="Lachin offensive">Lachin offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shusha_(2020)" title="Battle of Shusha (2020)">Battle of Shusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Russian_Mil_Mi-24_shootdown" title="2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown">Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="War crimes in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">War crimes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_prisoners_of_the_Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Armenian prisoners of the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Treatment of Armenian POWs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-ceasefire events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%27s_construction_in_areas_gained_in_the_Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Azerbaijan's construction in areas gained in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Azerbaijan's construction in gained areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Armenian_protests" title="2020–2021 Armenian protests">2020–2021 Armenian protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacekeeping_operations_in_Nagorno-Karabakh#2020" title="Peacekeeping operations in Nagorno-Karabakh">Chaylaggala and Hin Tagher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Azerbaijan_border_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia–Azerbaijan border crisis">Border crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_2022_Armenia%E2%80%93Azerbaijan_clashes" title="September 2022 Armenia–Azerbaijan clashes">September 2022 escalation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susuzluq_explosion" title="Susuzluq explosion">Susuzluq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacekeeping_operations_in_Nagorno-Karabakh#2021" title="Peacekeeping operations in Nagorno-Karabakh">Shusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farukh#History" title="Farukh">Farukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Armenian_protests" title="2022 Armenian protests">2022 Armenian protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_Nagorno-Karabakh" title="Blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh">Blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Azerbaijani_offensive_in_Nagorno-Karabakh" title="2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh">2023 Azerbaijani offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Armenian_protests" title="2023 Armenian protests">Protests in Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_of_Nagorno-Karabakh_Armenians" title="Flight of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians">Flight of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkadzor_fuel_depot_explosion" title="Berkadzor fuel depot explosion">Berkadzor fuel depot explosion</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_Republic_of_Artsakh" title="Administrative divisions of the Republic of Artsakh">Administrative divisions of the Republic of Artsakh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stepanakert" title="Stepanakert">Stepanakert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Askeran_Province" title="Askeran Province">Askeran Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrut_Province" title="Hadrut Province">Hadrut Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashatagh_Province" title="Kashatagh Province">Kashatagh Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martakert_Province" title="Martakert Province">Martakert Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martuni_Province" title="Martuni Province">Martuni Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahumyan_Province" title="Shahumyan Province">Shahumyan Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shushi_Province" title="Shushi Province">Shushi Province</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian-occupied_territories_surrounding_Nagorno-Karabakh" title="Armenian-occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh">Armenian-occupied territories</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aghdam_District" title="Aghdam District">Aghdam District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzuli_District" title="Fuzuli District">Fuzuli District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabrayil_District" title="Jabrayil District">Jabrayil District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalbajar_District" title="Kalbajar District">Kalbajar District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachin_District" title="Lachin District">Lachin District</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lachin_corridor" title="Lachin corridor">Lachin corridor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qubadli_District" title="Qubadli District">Qubadli District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zangilan_District" title="Zangilan District">Zangilan District</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Levon_Ter-Petrosyan" title="Levon Ter-Petrosyan">Levon Ter-Petrosyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kocharyan" title="Robert Kocharyan">Robert Kocharyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serzh_Sargsyan" title="Serzh Sargsyan">Serzh Sargsyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikol_Pashinyan" title="Nikol Pashinyan">Nikol Pashinyan</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Artsakh.svg/15px-Flag_of_Artsakh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Artsakh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Artsakh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Artsakh.svg/30px-Flag_of_Artsakh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Artsakh" title="Republic of Artsakh">Republic of Artsakh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artur_Mkrtchyan" title="Artur Mkrtchyan">Artur Mkrtchyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kocharyan" title="Robert Kocharyan">Robert Kocharyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Petrosyan" title="Leonard Petrosyan">Leonard Petrosyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkadi_Ghukasyan" title="Arkadi Ghukasyan">Arkadi Ghukasyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bako_Sahakyan" title="Bako Sahakyan">Bako Sahakyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arayik_Harutyunyan" title="Arayik Harutyunyan">Arayik Harutyunyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samvel_Shahramanyan" title="Samvel Shahramanyan">Samvel Shahramanyan</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayaz_Mutallibov" title="Ayaz Mutallibov">Ayaz Mutallibov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abulfaz_Elchibey" title="Abulfaz Elchibey">Abulfaz Elchibey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heydar_Aliyev" title="Heydar Aliyev">Heydar Aliyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilham_Aliyev" title="Ilham Aliyev">Ilham Aliyev</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_Community_of_Nagorno-Karabakh" title="Azerbaijani Community of Nagorno-Karabakh">Azerbaijani Community of Nagorno-Karabakh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayram_Safarov" title="Bayram Safarov">Bayram Safarov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizami_Bahmanov" title="Nizami Bahmanov">Nizami Bahmanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tural_Ganjaliyev" title="Tural Ganjaliyev">Tural Ganjaliyev</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin" title="Boris Yeltsin">Boris Yeltsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/15px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turgut_%C3%96zal" title="Turgut Özal">Turgut Özal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vazgen_Sargsyan" title="Vazgen Sargsyan">Vazgen Sargsyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurgen_Dalibaltayan" title="Gurgen Dalibaltayan">Gurgen Dalibaltayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norat_Ter-Grigoryants" title="Norat Ter-Grigoryants">Norat Ter-Grigoryants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jirair_Sefilian" title="Jirair Sefilian">Jirair Sefilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiran_Khachatryan" title="Tiran Khachatryan">Tiran Khachatryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seyran_Ohanyan" title="Seyran Ohanyan">Seyran Ohanyan</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Artsakh.svg/15px-Flag_of_Artsakh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Artsakh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Artsakh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Artsakh.svg/30px-Flag_of_Artsakh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Artsakh" title="Republic of Artsakh">Republic of Artsakh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samvel_Babayan" title="Samvel Babayan">Samvel Babayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristapor_Ivanyan" title="Kristapor Ivanyan">Kristapor Ivanyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkady_Ter-Tadevosyan" title="Arkady Ter-Tadevosyan">Arkady Ter-Tadevosyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Melkonian" title="Monte Melkonian">Monte Melkonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalal_Harutyunyan" title="Jalal Harutyunyan">Jalal Harutyunyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikael_Arzumanyan" title="Mikael Arzumanyan">Mikael Arzumanyan</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isgandar_Hamidov" title="Isgandar Hamidov">Isgandar Hamidov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahim_Gaziyev" title="Rahim Gaziyev">Rahim Gaziyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surat_Huseynov" title="Surat Huseynov">Surat Huseynov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valeh_Barshadly" title="Valeh Barshadly">Valeh Barshadly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mais_Barkhudarov" title="Mais Barkhudarov">Mais Barkhudarov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hikmat_Mirzayev" title="Hikmat Mirzayev">Hikmat Mirzayev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hikmat_Hasanov" title="Hikmat Hasanov">Hikmat Hasanov</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Polyanichko" title="Viktor Polyanichko">Viktor Polyanichko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Grachev" title="Pavel Grachev">Pavel Grachev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustam_Muradov" title="Rustam Muradov">Rustam Muradov</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag_of_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag_of_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag_of_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria" title="Chechen Republic of Ichkeria">Chechen Republic of Ichkeria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shamil_Basayev" title="Shamil Basayev">Shamil Basayev</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281992%E2%80%932001%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281992%E2%80%932001%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281992%E2%80%932001%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281992%E2%80%932001%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281992%E2%80%932001%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281992%E2%80%932001%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulbuddin_Hekmatyar" title="Gulbuddin Hekmatyar">Gulbuddin Hekmatyar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peace process</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baker_rules" title="Baker rules">Baker rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishkek_Protocol" title="Bishkek Protocol">Bishkek Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehran_Communiqu%C3%A9" title="Tehran Communiqué">Tehran Communiqué</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zheleznovodsk_Communiqu%C3%A9" title="Zheleznovodsk Communiqué">Zheleznovodsk Communiqué</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSCE_Minsk_Group" title="OSCE Minsk Group">OSCE Minsk Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague_Process_(Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_negotiations)" title="Prague Process (Armenian–Azerbaijani negotiations)">Prague Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid_Principles" title="Madrid Principles">Madrid Principles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Nagorno-Karabakh_ceasefire_agreement" title="2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement">2020 ceasefire agreement</a></li> <li>2020–2024 monitoring and peacekeeping <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peacekeeping_operations_in_Nagorno-Karabakh" title="Peacekeeping operations in Nagorno-Karabakh">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSCE_Needs_Assessment_Team_in_Armenia" title="OSCE Needs Assessment Team in Armenia">OSCE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU" class="mw-redirect" title="EU">EU</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Monitoring_Capacity_to_Armenia" title="European Union Monitoring Capacity to Armenia">EUMCAP Oct–Dec 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU_Planning_Assistance_Team_in_Armenia" title="EU Planning Assistance Team in Armenia">EUPAT Dec 2022–Jan 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Mission_in_Armenia" title="European Union Mission in Armenia">EUMA Feb 2023–present</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Nagorno-Karabakh_ceasefire_agreement" title="2023 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement">2023 ceasefire agreement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International documents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan_Declaration" title="Astrakhan Declaration">Astrakhan Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_Declaration" title="Nagorno-Karabakh Declaration">Nagorno-Karabakh Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_Lisbon_Summit_Declaration" title="NATO Lisbon Summit Declaration">NATO Lisbon Summit Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OIC_Resolution_10/11" title="OIC Resolution 10/11">OIC Resolution 10/11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OIC_Council_of_Foreign_Ministers_Resolution_10/37" title="OIC Council of Foreign Ministers Resolution 10/37">OIC Resolution 10/37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe_Parliamentary_Assembly_Resolution_1416_(2005)" title="Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly Resolution 1416 (2005)">PACE Resolution 1416</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe_Parliamentary_Assembly_Resolution_2085_(2016)" title="Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly Resolution 2085 (2016)">PACE Resolution 2085</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_48/114" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 48/114">UNGA Resolution 48/114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_60/285" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 60/285">UNGA Resolution 60/285</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_62/243" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 62/243">UNGA Resolution 62/243</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_on_the_Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions on the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">UNSC resolutions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_822" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 822">822</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_853" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 853">853</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_874" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 874">874</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_884" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 884">884</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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