CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "www.journals.uchicago.edu",cType: 'managed',cRay: '9138e703a9569e28',cH: '.fBs7HmxbAssz3.AaXuo8IZwWZhhMX7wSt7SgLw29hc-1739828076-1.2.1.1-VPLqgwULoRvEXjuiRVDJ9KOkrewCq4qGOvfz_MhEcbLHdobgWAFaSCLYoV99VcE4',cUPMDTk: "\/doi\/10.1086\/358723?__cf_chl_tk=dxYlc.U6JUD4SPCiCf_xiwIExjoRomCyMtFROd9XSu0-1739828076-1.0.1.1-9T5QK4Z30gkIXVNdbhHR2Ml_g5_oUFjzo1u4pin7Z3E",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739828076',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/doi\/10.1086\/358723?__cf_chl_f_tk=dxYlc.U6JUD4SPCiCf_xiwIExjoRomCyMtFROd9XSu0-1739828076-1.0.1.1-9T5QK4Z30gkIXVNdbhHR2Ml_g5_oUFjzo1u4pin7Z3E",md: "xkodLe8bNdZTaIxxsrbK6zyZJRuf4s0E6nimL6pR38s-1739828076-1.2.1.1-ZQdM0nZ0OohWfOiy0V0j_TZbJB9zzbhS6lrNLSaDi1GJ7vsQvp7WVK3yvrn5La3QS3h83vMII15lsIJJblHMu9kg6rTr5Wcte9m3umo8oalkiPedt3IFSUmFAknMOJtE6pASdr_u.kZWhzbOsYS5qyEU2bQ1PxayUy2mydQ.hTbT_W6vtUGIZVzVEEwD_t0U.KaweNmHjGRROyvU5rvU24YmejzmD6qx9iuCfHvdhIzrDuEAfL4QuRCkZT4HfTJqjKNvjhAxbRRsUfDYFtbr2V1w.4WTcs1nPQ9VEPo9owDDa0OaJaGiy7FuglFfxRHUZx31ZEOQjr.ctmKSP7THmOgV5MmLA06jHduQTaOCy0dycR9..kWWm9Wh2nbINDn2zI0vM6vEJgopXUq9huQHGi4zZZeW2cadBwgZBxeDYrkYSJaT_vBoK9XIRckj4DlJPs.kjlEzSkJD1wJOmsMFsiHFR8iebsFM2QF6ZyU5VtsapRvDKlSuckOIdTQvGLxR1pVahWWOK9hkjkPG7TFW4bTF5Jbz27Ei60LwL2X0cjKaoQ3.VQ4YrRruNgW.WcSR.3SYN6jlVoGlhhsYnfzSmXj5s1Tp_0XfGXiiybPl1E3zDGsgaQ9zOS6enDuU7xaCMF5KsjFxnQW.xwXHtQauPMxol8nGbwH9qvZiWzUGlJso7GxBQdYdhy5JnJCkYwIdONEipRBoKHHLcS9bGw4qJ7BxEe7IfPJZ2NhEupMYjHlV7kxx7Y014aX43v9IlpzH6mmTvAdw5EvKamKhpQv8PIlJa5TBlNargKWNqU8rsy7CdSXp.rKu8BshKWCveQTDCvUEgDssGt0VKpuDooI09wXQE056G_JUZAXkzqMKSBaFtoDw4Ra8Y3xh7zA3qc2VTZuXIAwrxzeDoomyxGKyfj60GvfxT7pl.niNzTSuUbWmAgGK3G3tjHfUJ8cNwyFzbFagg7s8e9g3H28GeSMqTgdr7ePshi1VZioZQUdyoMjke0D7S_heLSiHyAMfYWVIXpxgFfat9gkdnitQCKZVVsktgVsEXQz7mLbXiWej8A0QO_LMfhkZ_mERWKCSmrA9p7qxQoEhgjCWP9C_2Dd9QwICdBXD.LkJgQ0ca0ZphkJ5Z5RKf6teLxl2bcwJbbkK2UR2pMdkYwg8noa7z4XC29EZoi.CIpumMFiJa7tm3G9dx.hkLQ43cXc5d1MRrokxFKPhbf2NndulfdPM11w6GfLUVkf6Q6XGdnwO4WXqniKrm.TQqi_cIw0HolWi3olm79HZ27h3PGirjO9Bj61EuGOTRi9HO8XPjj47RWgrP5JYCzIEOAzUWXe9x.K8Sqo9kt0ujo15WWCknicPL5V2pG8WSDEqLpc1YdEbt1XkX9PwwC9yLpvka.Mz5P.1dnGpcKsuWXcbSao._68DNh_kCxHZ__Zd9.fTMK92odrdMTg2mWKkVDRrkNkvCUypW9KEYlKr5CP7q.oLShUkc.tyBZn2lsbD8gxZQcUpaxB79zaeYbSKGFqDF8lOXksHqXacWYpZsohET5JMb4piTSjGjpg41U2LJaPl9FSuNnun6vhP_B1sR2JxfBV9I31Ume88f3aa6.dkhxcnG_F3CRrTfE7WGp3ZhPcCM0CN_0BH3yDUnVbpftWDqVM9A0XVp6f.gHccAPQFbv.gN3cPGE6U_frayZXnM9aws6IgZBq1KTzhGv2.ezJLoFoKSGhJoMtHuwiPw3DEQxZOvCWwv_SDLbNaT8Aq2Z5gXy0kKYIDes_EnIt50Tml.aQXc0JeVdSbXpQ68NeBIjbkscK3PujNUvQt.1SjyS1QlHkgkSg4gKec5qd.q2R856DMR330WxXgPU2KIPIxvOtlCzWi4Q44cIoxgYauCxV5Miu5okK7jquh9H96xzRhse8AEBQ0cvWGr.JpMq1P01RfV.ooWWayKc9Maem0dIN7erzuFT3_Ccu0vEptMZyo_HX17JgsAOWFqR8stQoA_r79xnNjsmKUj_8u8sKynLRgvBdsyTb6EBQJrCMKmboe_Ss57WRAKYHLH0nIraVfwV5FBPN9StklGGbIakjgDwtmc81h458hjWLq7_eXrfMb4LzFYT0mOtcfM7UpGboO50kywCo9iWKsFErVPm6EE6JNaolOLI32zKxFoiHBdLyNibzvCo6LfRpq5ouxrCffHSj44ClJYu4ztaUyO0BCVVa0pJvP5b.9PNDmwm62AgsHgQYD9K_mcacG2O1lvVGVPizdnJObLIaxPw4Z9YyLyZug9sJqGnYrt4KHkGSu8GK_jT5RjHOSn93atPYc_oC5R1BGs1g0pUnIWO8L8zaNuwf0apT1AQjNIxa8gATFHNKexnXSMZqnTkAudUm0.kg8A431Nnq.8KgGRexesDRyizU_4tNhQNMizgJ.x39J5YJoSodiSvi.monYZ6R_qwDf9UEIP2s5YDT4CE3d1_vOTxCPv4sr6vLXXsVVARdJRW2KEZM_f_HnCLMQrFJOs24bAGFmooFddAU3wIxskrWxyxcI7yFoVYaNlBIKb2k5W_Ag85i50icbC1T.xpKah3jFKh930TppEUBH3Q",mdrd: "T2s1gbqpr1qgbm7paCb8JCo6hnmvfwOr_vHvPDqKdCQ-1739828076-1.2.1.1-1Zm102kW3EU0rYbDrL_SHZU1.0Fsfo68P8_gQxOf7S4JszohuC3QezB6yKkp6Nv9bbp26W.7p_0eG54jEpnrRmTpO9usKdA2P84z8tUDwYlFR1pb5ZgL.y7TQsxjVv0WBM9.iGtCk2u7tO4mf0ndAddTIJ8DEgvRZne0qdIA1HrgB5Vds7rv.KbqYaet4QFXvhaZTJGlH0DRJt_rF3sz6654_KTyX6lzlLFuEYINsv9jihWvtP6uU86ItmfCCR5qlLbgZDQOvUTRddoi5C2.0VXiTV_n1DOaI1OAVvryli3.Ns5E73_ViL171vUlltTCHD24muu.j.w28xt5XO2z5ANdt4atLZwyvvokt8iwm4YWEUvgZl6T9c.u6rfq_GxNyLlaJF9B0aALD_k3tvEQhUoR_GZGQrjDVyxFKrgVShGHfcRAcNPXxcg2yUcDgKTgJso2KbgJmsjl_9Vf5aYqrb_FMr9xOsIU7bBm2blKrlkOy4QU8WRGRscF3TZDaXINLdwGDdjFFW_OEuvyeYIShVCnYLmD_l0RAbIg6.79J72udV4hEenfcRaCgQ7zbkC4H7ZJ_BHIkbA8ws7mKLAKM78jbjwrRrn3U51kKagWDPGklxbJTqoNdvn4oaVLWuT4ANmLAIPan7QuxNhkZpWgy9bGPEJUIvD.8GZNfBdONlWMteAs.YUf_cTWQ3EjJpO6ylMTrwQL5D5jrxoNOk..6mYMG9FVHpHbKb7E7LK1a7bW775S_yUBYlBgfN90HSnXcnHYrJ41AUdmpTE6oJI.hZu6ws_6cyIz7cM9oz95VnLfXi7hlLHkOaZi79K7YG984GpkhYhJ1ExUJc94I_MM6lgP81BaLmHFmjhG7DTmaZnHWhTyHfYTW.wCqGjxg3qb88Tev_Szes5yGtibrsVjVFTuSgxyjUC5hq0lJekPENHEspV3ezD2tFcH8pm0q9FubRle8BK6cGqBMCrIIwfUvMxyn_gZCvi.e0fL.G..a.nfw6MV3hJw7tBj32_2gODNtqpNPR5GaNXfz6MdSXuKiEPIk.RJxO8LTuTeeYcAm1nQFAvjChf2rmzcl9hm.BuTN.RJX6ZBCj35r3ERryGQJE.R7VCJrkS7JA4DCBEB_UCM7nDumps0XuC_fr5M95DyrdOMgoL1CEhqLRhCvvx8Od7MLjmSWuRCwEZhpsF6aOTHq3pncH84KrPfaRi7928A69MtaFBUSqjWw2tIAMJFxSzZ9ka4mimsD12ug1y9ax__6oqetSwwrYVP.UrUBbz1mNUdSpCfQs24TQbMknuayTS2isnR0IzHFmzJM94VV1wwn.B5m7F.au8v1kmfUd6phw0W6.584IrvDSX_1AvEBaexsrQfAl7WFh7wRwtN6CXCAafTnG2FzXkco0m7YM2wdre.N6CTVyAQVbUdJarTNsutXZ0zumgcwlaAV8KulaMD2Krr1aG0PrhmkW8B49kmO2GcCLASTs.5AY2w1VbXGwHabXljXgNecV.oqP59d2k9T3xZTCFuDQJ6srL5VGK1podROrVj8_ovWugXdourvsFuiLc5hfe8Tr_RCiCNKjaYWJkYXsDa1qxUyFydBTq_W5d0FqOR0h8CX4T6dL6C2vOR8hf9CupnzTDUhPfYyofPFylulT4QD._63ie3luHkU313c9iBObksplhgZhtef9Qq5It1mpV_s2xrCNsOzGZIKeGUPYivqzxGVPYJ.KbbLJZ5lgdVth49dkaCGKriv4w2rc3wDqITgY5RZgIyeDGIIdU1Ptpt5PNhkE2PWolmmRCSHkeGEv1aRwT36RKARQnHRIuV5fIMtTk4ePVx372NVbIj6HMHsRE1.pVn.ex.BlscSNkDrpAFlGiNVakJZXgxJhul644Na8fopZWBUWxeSVPuv2RE3W.E9xtwJ95ERAAqHLHwoFBr1HLatQsVHI_KwldgSWPa_rPJUpesUmPtvVR3O1skYBp.kQ2REWTiQRxoZNFnkdqJ6NnRo2ntVg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9138e703a9569e28';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/doi\/10.1086\/358723?__cf_chl_rt_tk=dxYlc.U6JUD4SPCiCf_xiwIExjoRomCyMtFROd9XSu0-1739828076-1.0.1.1-9T5QK4Z30gkIXVNdbhHR2Ml_g5_oUFjzo1u4pin7Z3E" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>