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Deposition Modelling</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Fused Deposition Modelling"> <meta name="keywords" content="Fused Deposition Modelling"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Fused Deposition Modelling"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 813</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Fused Deposition Modelling</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">813</span> Surface Roughness Analysis, Modelling and Prediction in Fused Deposition Modelling Additive Manufacturing Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yusuf%20S.%20Dambatta">Yusuf S. Dambatta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmed%20A.%20D.%20Sarhan"> Ahmed A. D. Sarhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is one of the most prominent rapid prototyping (RP) technologies which is being used to efficiently fabricate CAD 3D geometric models. However, the process is coupled with many drawbacks, of which the surface quality of the manufactured RP parts is among. Hence, studies relating to improving the surface roughness have been a key issue in the field of RP research. In this work, a technique of modelling the surface roughness in FDM is presented. Using experimentally measured surface roughness response of the FDM parts, an ANFIS prediction model was developed to obtain the surface roughness in the FDM parts using the main critical process parameters that affects the surface quality. The ANFIS model was validated and compared with experimental test results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Surface%20roughness" title="Surface roughness">Surface roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fused%20deposition%20modelling" title=" fused deposition modelling"> fused deposition modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=adaptive%20neuro%20fuzzy%20inference%20system" title=" adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system"> adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ANFIS" title=" ANFIS"> ANFIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=orientation." title=" orientation."> orientation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005342/surface-roughness-analysis-modelling-and-prediction-in-fused-deposition-modelling-additive-manufacturing-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005342/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005342/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005342/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005342/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005342/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005342/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005342/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005342/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005342/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005342/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005342.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1900</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">812</span> Simulation on Influence of Environmental Conditions on Part Distortion in Fused Deposition Modelling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anto%20Antony%20Samy">Anto Antony Samy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Atefeh%20Golbang"> Atefeh Golbang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Edward%20Archer"> Edward Archer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alistair%20McIlhagger"> Alistair McIlhagger</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is one of the additive manufacturing techniques that has become highly attractive in the industrial and academic sectors. However, parts fabricated through FDM are highly susceptible to geometrical defects such as warpage, shrinkage, and delamination that can severely affect their function. Among the thermoplastic polymer feedstock for FDM, semi-crystalline polymers are highly prone to part distortion due to polymer crystallization. In this study, the influence of FDM processing conditions such as chamber temperature and print bed temperature on the induced thermal residual stress and resulting warpage are investigated using 3D transient thermal model for a semi-crystalline polymer. The thermo-mechanical properties and the viscoelasticity of the polymer, as well as the crystallization physics which considers the crystallinity of the polymer, are coupled with the evolving temperature gradient of the print model. From the results it was observed that increasing the chamber temperature from 25 °C to 75 °C leads to a decrease of 3.3% residual stress and increase of 0.4% warpage, while decreasing bed temperature from 100 °C to 60 °C resulted in 27% increase in residual stress and a significant rise of 137% in warpage. The simulated warpage data are validated by comparing it with the measured warpage values of the samples using 3D scanning. </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Finite%20Element%20Analysis" title="Finite Element Analysis">Finite Element Analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=FEA" title=" FEA"> FEA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fused%20Deposition%20Modelling" title=" Fused Deposition Modelling"> Fused Deposition Modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=residual%20stress" title=" residual stress"> residual stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=warpage." title=" warpage."> warpage.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012497/simulation-on-influence-of-environmental-conditions-on-part-distortion-in-fused-deposition-modelling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012497/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012497/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012497/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012497/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012497/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012497/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012497/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012497/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012497/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012497/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012497.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">482</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">811</span> A Rapid and Cost-Effective Approach to Manufacturing Modeling Platform for Fused Deposition Modeling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chil-Chyuan%20Kuo">Chil-Chyuan Kuo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chen-Hsuan%20Tsai"> Chen-Hsuan Tsai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This study presents a cost-effective approach for rapid fabricating modeling platforms utilized in fused deposition modeling system. A small-batch production of modeling platforms about 20 pieces can be obtained economically through silicone rubber mold using vacuum casting without applying the plastic injection molding. The air venting systems is crucial for fabricating modeling platform using vacuum casting. Modeling platforms fabricated can be used for building rapid prototyping model after sandblasting. This study offers industrial value because it has both time-effectiveness and cost-effectiveness.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vacuum%20casting" title="Vacuum casting">Vacuum casting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fused%20deposition%20modeling" title=" fused deposition modeling"> fused deposition modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=modeling%20platform" title=" modeling platform"> modeling platform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sandblasting" title=" sandblasting"> sandblasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=surface%20roughness." title=" surface roughness."> surface roughness.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000135/a-rapid-and-cost-effective-approach-to-manufacturing-modeling-platform-for-fused-deposition-modeling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000135/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000135/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000135/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000135/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000135/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000135/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000135/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000135/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000135/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000135/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000135.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">810</span> Testing of Materials for Rapid Prototyping Fused Deposition Modelling Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=L.%20Novakova-Marcincinova">L. Novakova-Marcincinova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20Novak-Marcincin"> J. Novak-Marcincin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Paper presents knowledge about types of test in area of materials properties of selected methods of rapid prototyping technologies. In today used rapid prototyping technologies for production of models and final parts are used materials in initial state as solid, liquid or powder material structure. In solid state are used various forms such as pellets, wire or laminates. Basic range materials include paper, nylon, wax, resins, metals and ceramics. In Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) rapid prototyping technology are mainly used as basic materials ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene), polyamide, polycarbonate, polyethylene and polypropylene. For advanced FDM applications are used special materials as silicon nitrate, PZT (Piezoceramic Material - Lead Zirconate Titanate), aluminium oxide, hydroxypatite and stainless steel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rapid%20prototyping" title="Rapid prototyping">Rapid prototyping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=materials" title=" materials"> materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=testing%20of%20materials." title=" testing of materials."> testing of materials.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1347/testing-of-materials-for-rapid-prototyping-fused-deposition-modelling-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1347/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1347/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1347/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1347/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1347/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1347/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1347/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1347/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1347/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1347/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1347.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4435</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">809</span> Influence of Surface Area on Dissolution of Additively Manufactured Polyvinyl Alcohol Tablets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Seyedebrahim%20Afkhami">Seyedebrahim Afkhami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Meisam%20Abdi"> Meisam Abdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Reza%20Baserinia"> Reza Baserinia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Additive manufacturing is revolutionizing production in different industries, including pharmaceuticals. This case study explores the influence of surface area on the dissolution of additively manufactured polyvinyl alcohol parts as a polymer candidate. Specimens of different geometries and constant mass were fabricated using a Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printer. The dissolution behavior of these samples was compared with respect to their surface area. Improved and accelerated dissolution was observed for samples with a larger surface area. This study highlights the capabilities of additive manufacturing to produce samples of complex geometries that cannot be manufactured otherwise to control the dissolution behavior for pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical applications. </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Additive%20manufacturing" title="Additive manufacturing">Additive manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=polymer%20dissolution" title=" polymer dissolution"> polymer dissolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fused%20deposition%20modelling" title=" fused deposition modelling"> fused deposition modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=geometry%20optimization." title=" geometry optimization."> geometry optimization.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013538/influence-of-surface-area-on-dissolution-of-additively-manufactured-polyvinyl-alcohol-tablets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013538/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013538/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013538/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013538/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013538/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013538/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013538/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013538/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013538/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013538/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013538.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">808</span> Impact of Process Parameters on Tensile Strength of Fused Deposition Modeling Printed Crisscross Poylactic Acid </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shilpesh%20R.%20Rajpurohit">Shilpesh R. Rajpurohit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Harshit%20K.%20Dave"> Harshit K. Dave</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Additive manufacturing gains the popularity in recent times, due to its capability to create prototype as well functional as end use product directly from CAD data without any specific requirement of tooling. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is one of the widely used additive manufacturing techniques that are used to create functional end use part of polymer that is comparable with the injection-molded parts. FDM printed part has an application in various fields such as automobile, aerospace, medical, electronic, etc. However, application of FDM part is greatly affected by poor mechanical properties. Proper selection of the process parameter could enhance the mechanical performance of the printed part. In the present study, experimental investigation has been carried out to study the behavior of the mechanical performance of the printed part with respect to process variables. Three process variables viz. raster angle, raster width and layer height have been varied to understand its effect on tensile strength. Further, effect of process variables on fractured surface has been also investigated.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=3D%20printing" title="3D printing">3D printing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fused%20deposition%20modeling" title=" fused deposition modeling"> fused deposition modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=layer%20height" title=" layer height"> layer height</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=raster%20angle" title=" raster angle"> raster angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=raster%20width" title=" raster width"> raster width</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=tensile%20strength." title=" tensile strength."> tensile strength.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008497/impact-of-process-parameters-on-tensile-strength-of-fused-deposition-modeling-printed-crisscross-poylactic-acid" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008497/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008497/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008497/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008497/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008497/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008497/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008497/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008497/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008497/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008497/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008497.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1660</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">807</span> Determination of Material Properties for Biodegradable Polylactic Acid Plastic Used in 3D Printers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Juraj%20Beniak">Juraj Beniak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=%C4%BDubom%C3%ADr%20%C5%A0oo%C5%A1"> Ľubomír Šooš</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Peter%20Kri%C5%BEan"> Peter Križan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Milo%C5%A1%20Mat%C3%BA%C5%A1"> Miloš Matúš</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Within Rapid Prototyping technologies are used many types of materials. Many of them are recyclable but there are still as plastic like, so practically they do not degrade in the landfill. Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the special plastic materials, which are biodegradable and available for 3D printing within Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology. The question is, if the mechanical properties of produced models are comparable to similar technical plastic materials which are usual for prototype production. Presented paper shows the experiments results for tensile strength measurements for specimens prepared with different 3D printer settings and model orientation. Paper contains also the comparison of tensile strength values with values measured on specimens produced by conventional technologies as injection moulding. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=3D%20printing" title="3D printing">3D printing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=biodegradable%20plastic" title=" biodegradable plastic"> biodegradable plastic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fused%20deposition%0D%0Amodeling" title=" fused deposition modeling"> fused deposition modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=PLA%20plastic" title=" PLA plastic"> PLA plastic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=rapid%20prototyping." title=" rapid prototyping."> rapid prototyping.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002972/determination-of-material-properties-for-biodegradable-polylactic-acid-plastic-used-in-3d-printers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002972/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002972/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002972/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002972/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002972/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002972/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002972/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002972/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002972/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002972/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002972.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1944</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">806</span> Evaluation of Environmental, Technical, and Economic Indicators of a Fused Deposition Modeling Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Yosofi">M. Yosofi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Ezeddini"> S. Ezeddini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Ollivier"> A. Ollivier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=V.%20Lavaste"> V. Lavaste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20Mayousse"> C. Mayousse</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Additive manufacturing processes have changed significantly in a wide range of industries and their application progressed from rapid prototyping to production of end-use products. However, their environmental impact is still a rather open question. In order to support the growth of this technology in the industrial sector, environmental aspects should be considered and predictive models may help monitor and reduce the environmental footprint of the processes. This work presents predictive models based on a previously developed methodology for the environmental impact evaluation combined with a technical and economical assessment. Here we applied the methodology to the Fused Deposition Modeling process. First, we present the predictive models relative to different types of machines. Then, we present a decision-making tool designed to identify the optimum manufacturing strategy regarding technical, economic, and environmental criteria.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Additive%20manufacturing" title="Additive manufacturing">Additive manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=decision-makings" title=" decision-makings"> decision-makings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=environmental%20impact" title=" environmental impact"> environmental impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=predictive%20models." title=" predictive models. "> predictive models. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011838/evaluation-of-environmental-technical-and-economic-indicators-of-a-fused-deposition-modeling-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011838/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011838/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011838/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011838/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011838/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011838/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011838/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011838/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011838/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011838/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011838.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1060</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">805</span> Tensile Properties of 3D Printed PLA under Unidirectional and Bidirectional Raster Angle: A Comparative Study </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shilpesh%20R.%20Rajpurohit">Shilpesh R. Rajpurohit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Harshit%20K.%20Dave"> Harshit K. Dave</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Fused deposition modeling (FDM) gains popularity in recent times, due to its capability to create prototype as well as functional end use product directly from CAD file. Parts fabricated using FDM process have mechanical properties comparable with those of injection-molded parts. However, performance of the FDM part is severally affected by the poor mechanical properties of the part due to nature of layered structure of printed part. Mechanical properties of the part can be improved by proper selection of process variables. In the present study, a comparative study between unidirectional and bidirectional raster angle has been carried out at a combination of different layer height and raster width. Unidirectional raster angle varied at five different levels, and bidirectional raster angle has been varied at three different levels. Fabrication of tensile specimen and tensile testing of specimen has been conducted according to ASTM D638 standard. From the results, it can be observed that higher tensile strength has been obtained at 0° raster angle followed by 45°/45° raster angle, while lower tensile strength has been obtained at 90° raster angle. Analysis of fractured surface revealed that failure takes place along with raster deposition direction for unidirectional and zigzag failure can be observed for bidirectional raster angle.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Additive%20manufacturing" title="Additive manufacturing">Additive manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fused%20deposition%20modeling" title=" fused deposition modeling"> fused deposition modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=raster%20angle" title=" raster angle"> raster angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=tensile%20strength." title=" tensile strength. "> tensile strength. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008477/tensile-properties-of-3d-printed-pla-under-unidirectional-and-bidirectional-raster-angle-a-comparative-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008477/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008477/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008477/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008477/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008477/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008477/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008477/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008477/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008477/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008477/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008477.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1918</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">804</span> Optimization of Surface Roughness in Additive Manufacturing Processes via Taguchi Methodology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anjian%20Chen">Anjian Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Joseph%20C.%20Chen"> Joseph C. Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper studies a case where the targeted surface roughness of fused deposition modeling (FDM) additive manufacturing process is improved. The process is designing to reduce or eliminate the defects and improve the process capability index Cp and Cpk for an FDM additive manufacturing process. The baseline Cp is 0.274 and Cpk is 0.654. This research utilizes the Taguchi methodology, to eliminate defects and improve the process. The Taguchi method is used to optimize the additive manufacturing process and printing parameters that affect the targeted surface roughness of FDM additive manufacturing. The Taguchi L9 orthogonal array is used to organize the parameters' (four controllable parameters and one non-controllable parameter) effectiveness on the FDM additive manufacturing process. The four controllable parameters are nozzle temperature [°C], layer thickness [mm], nozzle speed [mm/s], and extruder speed [%]. The non-controllable parameter is the environmental temperature [°C]. After the optimization of the parameters, a confirmation print was printed to prove that the results can reduce the amount of defects and improve the process capability index Cp from 0.274 to 1.605 and the Cpk from 0.654 to 1.233 for the FDM additive manufacturing process. The final results confirmed that the Taguchi methodology is sufficient to improve the surface roughness of FDM additive manufacturing process.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Additive%20manufacturing" title="Additive manufacturing">Additive manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fused%20deposition%20modeling" title=" fused deposition modeling"> fused deposition modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=surface%20roughness" title=" surface roughness"> surface roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Six-Sigma" title=" Six-Sigma"> Six-Sigma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Taguchi%20method" title=" Taguchi method"> Taguchi method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=3D%20printing." title=" 3D printing."> 3D printing.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008825/optimization-of-surface-roughness-in-additive-manufacturing-processes-via-taguchi-methodology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008825/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008825/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008825/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008825/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008825/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008825/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008825/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008825/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008825/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008825/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008825.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1390</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">803</span> Simulation of the Asphaltene Deposition Rate in a Wellbore Blockage via Computational Fluid Dynamics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Xiaodong%20Gao">Xiaodong Gao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pingchuan%20Dong"> Pingchuan Dong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Qichao%20Gao"> Qichao Gao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This work attempts to predict the deposition rate of asphaltene particles in blockage tube through CFD simulation. The Euler-Lagrange equation has been applied during the flow of crude oil and asphaltene particles. The net gravitational force, virtual mass, pressure gradient, Saffman lift, and drag forces are incorporated in the simulations process. Validation of CFD simulation results is compared to the benchmark experiments from the previous literature. Furthermore, the effects of blockage location, blockage length, and blockage thickness on deposition rate are also analyzed. The simulation results indicate that the maximum deposition rate of asphaltene occurs in the blocked tube section, and the greater the deposition thickness, the greater the deposition rate. Moreover, the deposition amount and maximum deposition rate along the length of the tube have the same trend. Results of this study are in the ability to better understand the deposition of asphaltene particles in production and help achieve to deal with the asphaltene challenges.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Asphaltene%20deposition%20rate" title="Asphaltene deposition rate">Asphaltene deposition rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=blockage%20length" title=" blockage length"> blockage length</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=blockage%20thickness" title=" blockage thickness"> blockage thickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=blockage%20diameter" title=" blockage diameter"> blockage diameter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=transient%20condition." title=" transient condition."> transient condition.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012925/simulation-of-the-asphaltene-deposition-rate-in-a-wellbore-blockage-via-computational-fluid-dynamics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012925/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012925/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012925/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012925/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012925/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012925/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012925/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012925/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012925/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012925/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012925.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">460</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">802</span> Region-Based Image Fusion with Artificial Neural Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shuo-Li%20Hsu">Shuo-Li Hsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Peng-Wei%20Gau"> Peng-Wei Gau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I-Lin%20Wu"> I-Lin Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jyh-Horng%20Jeng"> Jyh-Horng Jeng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For most image fusion algorithms separate relationship by pixels in the image and treat them more or less independently. In addition, they have to be adjusted different parameters in different time or weather. In this paper, we propose a region–based image fusion which combines aspects of feature and pixel-level fusion method to replace only by pixel. The basic idea is to segment far infrared image only and to add information of each region from segmented image to visual image respectively. Then we determine different fused parameters according different region. At last, we adopt artificial neural network to deal with the problems of different time or weather, because the relationship between fused parameters and image features are nonlinear. It render the fused parameters can be produce automatically according different states. The experimental results present the method we proposed indeed have good adaptive capacity with automatic determined fused parameters. And the architecture can be used for lots of applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Image%20fusion" title="Image fusion">Image fusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Region-based%20fusion" title=" Region-based fusion"> Region-based fusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Segmentation" title=" Segmentation"> Segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Neural%20network" title=" Neural network"> Neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multi-sensor." title=" Multi-sensor."> Multi-sensor.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7557/region-based-image-fusion-with-artificial-neural-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7557/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7557/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7557/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7557/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7557/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7557/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7557/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7557/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7557/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7557/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7557.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2258</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">801</span> A Novel Metric for Performance Evaluation of Image Fusion Algorithms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nedeljko%20Cvejic">Nedeljko Cvejic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Artur%20%C5%81oza"> Artur Łoza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=David%20Bull"> David Bull</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nishan%20Canagarajah"> Nishan Canagarajah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, we present a novel objective nonreference performance assessment algorithm for image fusion. It takes into account local measurements to estimate how well the important information in the source images is represented by the fused image. The metric is based on the Universal Image Quality Index and uses the similarity between blocks of pixels in the input images and the fused image as the weighting factors for the metrics. Experimental results confirm that the values of the proposed metrics correlate well with the subjective quality of the fused images, giving a significant improvement over standard measures based on mean squared error and mutual information.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fusion%20performance%20measures" title="Fusion performance measures">Fusion performance measures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=image%20fusion" title=" image fusion"> image fusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=non-reference%20quality%20measures" title=" non-reference quality measures"> non-reference quality measures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=objective%20quality%20measures." title=" objective quality measures."> objective quality measures.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8392/a-novel-metric-for-performance-evaluation-of-image-fusion-algorithms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8392/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8392/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8392/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8392/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8392/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8392/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8392/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8392/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8392/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8392/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8392.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2843</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">800</span> A Similarity Metric for Assessment of Image Fusion Algorithms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nedeljko%20Cvejic">Nedeljko Cvejic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Artur%20%C5%81oza"> Artur Łoza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=David%20Bull"> David Bull</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nishan%20Canagarajah"> Nishan Canagarajah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we present a novel objective nonreference performance assessment algorithm for image fusion. It takes into account local measurements to estimate how well the important information in the source images is represented by the fused image. The metric is based on the Universal Image Quality Index and uses the similarity between blocks of pixels in the input images and the fused image as the weighting factors for the metrics. Experimental results confirm that the values of the proposed metrics correlate well with the subjective quality of the fused images, giving a significant improvement over standard measures based on mean squared error and mutual information. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fusion%20performance%20measures" title="Fusion performance measures">Fusion performance measures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=image%20fusion" title=" image fusion"> image fusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=nonreferencequality%20measures" title=" nonreferencequality measures"> nonreferencequality measures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=objective%20quality%20measures." title=" objective quality measures."> objective quality measures.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1046/a-similarity-metric-for-assessment-of-image-fusion-algorithms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1046/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1046/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1046/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1046/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1046/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1046/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1046/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1046/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1046/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1046/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1046.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2492</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">799</span> 3D-Printing Plates without “Support”</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yasusi%20Kanada">Yasusi Kanada</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> When printing a plate (or dish) by an FDM 3D printer, the process normally requires support material, which causes several problems. This paper proposes a method for forming thin plates without using wasteful support material. This method requires several extraordinary parameter values when slicing plates. The experiments show that the plates can, for the most part, be successfully formed using a conventional slicer and a 3D printer; however, seams between layers spoil them and the quality of printed objects strongly depends on the slicer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fused%20deposition%20modeling%20%28FDM%29" title="Fused deposition modeling (FDM)">Fused deposition modeling (FDM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=3D%20printing" title=" 3D printing"> 3D printing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Support-less" title=" Support-less"> Support-less</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Layer%20seam" title=" Layer seam"> Layer seam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Slicer." title=" Slicer."> Slicer.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001832/3d-printing-plates-without-support" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001832/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001832/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001832/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001832/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001832/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001832/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001832/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001832/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001832/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001832/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001832.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1942</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">798</span> Knowledge Modelling for a Hotel Recommendation System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.%20A.%20Gobin">B. A. Gobin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20K.%20Subramanian"> R. K. Subramanian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Knowledge modelling, a main activity for the development of Knowledge Based Systems, have no set standards and are mostly done in an ad hoc way. There is a lack of support for the transition from abstract level to implementation. In this paper, a methodology for the development of the knowledge model, which is inspired by both Software and Knowledge Engineering, is proposed. Use of UML which is the de-facto standard for modelling in the software engineering arena is explored for knowledge modelling. The methodology proposed, is used to develop a knowledge model of a knowledge based system for recommending suitable hotels for tourists visiting Mauritius. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Domain%20Modelling" title="Domain Modelling">Domain Modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Knowledge%20Based%20Systems" title=" Knowledge Based Systems"> Knowledge Based Systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Knowledge%20Modelling" title="Knowledge Modelling">Knowledge Modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=UML." title=" UML."> UML.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8606/knowledge-modelling-for-a-hotel-recommendation-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8606/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8606/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8606/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8606/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8606/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8606/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8606/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8606/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8606/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8606/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8606.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3765</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">797</span> Fabrication of Wearable Antennas through Thermal Deposition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jeff%20Letcher">Jeff Letcher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dennis%20Tierney"> Dennis Tierney</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Haider%20Raad"> Haider Raad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Antennas are devices for transmitting and/or receiving signals which make them a necessary component of any wireless system. In this paper, a thermal deposition technique is utilized as a method to fabricate antenna structures on substrates. Thin-film deposition is achieved by evaporating a source material (metals in our case) in a vacuum which allows vapor particles to travel directly to the target substrate which is encased with a mask that outlines the desired structure. The material then condenses back to solid state. This method is used in comparison to screen printing, chemical etching, and ink jet printing to indicate advantages and disadvantages to the method. The antenna created undergoes various testing of frequency ranges, conductivity, and a series of flexing to indicate the effectiveness of the thermal deposition technique. A single band antenna that is operated at 2.45 GHz intended for wearable and flexible applications was successfully fabricated through this method and tested. It is concluded that thermal deposition presents a feasible technique of producing such antennas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thermal%20deposition" title="Thermal deposition">Thermal deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wearable%20antennas" title=" wearable antennas"> wearable antennas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bluetooth%20technology" title=" Bluetooth technology"> Bluetooth technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=flexible%20electronics." title=" flexible electronics."> flexible electronics.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006398/fabrication-of-wearable-antennas-through-thermal-deposition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006398/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006398/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006398/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006398/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006398/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006398/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006398/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006398/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006398/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006398/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006398.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">796</span> Performance Analysis of Brain Tumor Detection Based On Image Fusion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Anbumozhi">S. Anbumozhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20S.%20Manoharan"> P. S. Manoharan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Medical Image fusion plays a vital role in medical field to diagnose the brain tumors which can be classified as benign or malignant. It is the process of integrating multiple images of the same scene into a single fused image to reduce uncertainty and minimizing redundancy while extracting all the useful information from the source images. Fuzzy logic is used to fuse two brain MRI images with different vision. The fused image will be more informative than the source images. The texture and wavelet features are extracted from the fused image. The multilevel Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Classifier classifies the brain tumors based on trained and tested features. The proposed method achieved 80.48% sensitivity, 99.9% specificity and 99.69% accuracy. Experimental results obtained from fusion process prove that the use of the proposed image fusion approach shows better performance while compared with conventional fusion methodologies.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Image%20fusion" title="Image fusion">Image fusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fuzzy%20rules" title=" Fuzzy rules"> Fuzzy rules</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Neuro-fuzzy%20classifier." title=" Neuro-fuzzy classifier."> Neuro-fuzzy classifier.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998655/performance-analysis-of-brain-tumor-detection-based-on-image-fusion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998655/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998655/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998655/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998655/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998655/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998655/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998655/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998655/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998655/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998655/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998655.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3058</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">795</span> The Buffer Gas Influence Rate on Absolute Cu Atoms Density with regard to Deposition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Sobhanian">S. Sobhanian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20Naghshara"> H. Naghshara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Sadeghi"> N. Sadeghi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Khorram"> S. Khorram</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The absolute Cu atoms density in Cu(2S1/2ÔåÉ2P1/2) ground state has been measured by Resonance Optical Absorption (ROA) technique in a DC magnetron sputtering deposition with argon. We measured these densities under variety of operation conditions: pressure from 0.6 μbar to 14 μbar, input power from 10W to 200W and N2 mixture from 0% to 100%. For measuring the gas temperature, we used the simulation of N2 rotational spectra with a special computer code. The absolute number density of Cu atoms decreases with increasing the N2 percentage of buffer gas at any conditions of this work. But the deposition rate, is not decreased with the same manner. The deposition rate variation is very small and in the limit of quartz balance measuring equipment accuracy. So we conclude that decrease in the absolute number density of Cu atoms in magnetron plasma has not a big effect on deposition rate, because the diffusion of Cu atoms to the chamber volume and deviation of Cu atoms from direct path (towards the substrate) decreases with increasing of N2 percentage of buffer gas. This is because of the lower mass of N2 atoms compared to the argon ones. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Deposition%20rate" title="Deposition rate">Deposition rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Resonance%20Optical%20Absorption" title=" Resonance Optical Absorption"> Resonance Optical Absorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sputtering." title="Sputtering.">Sputtering.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13895/the-buffer-gas-influence-rate-on-absolute-cu-atoms-density-with-regard-to-deposition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13895/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13895/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13895/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13895/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13895/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13895/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13895/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13895/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13895/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13895/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13895.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">794</span> Blind Spot Area Tracking Solution Using 1x12 POF-Based Optical Couplers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammad%20Syuhaimi%20Ab-Rahman">Mohammad Syuhaimi Ab-Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohd%20Hadi%20Guna%20Safnal"> Mohd Hadi Guna Safnal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohd%20Hazwan%20Harun"> Mohd Hazwan Harun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohd.Saiful%20Dzulkefly%20Zan"> Mohd.Saiful Dzulkefly Zan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kasmiran%20Jumari"> Kasmiran Jumari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Optical 1x12 fused-taper-twisted polymer optical fiber (POF) couplers has been fabricated by a perform technique. Characterization of the coupler which proposed to be used in passive night vision application to tracking a blind sport area was reported. During the development process of fused-taper-twisted POF couplers was carried out, red LED fully utilized to be injected into the couplers to test the quality of fabricated couplers. Some characterization parameters, such as optical output power, POFs attenuation characteristics and power losses on the network were observed. The maximum output power efficiency of the coupler is about 40%, but it can be improved gradually through experience and practice.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=polymer%20optical%20fiber%20%28POF%29" title="polymer optical fiber (POF)">polymer optical fiber (POF)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=customer-made" title=" customer-made"> customer-made</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fused-taper-twisted%20fiber" title=" fused-taper-twisted fiber"> fused-taper-twisted fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=optical%20coupler" title=" optical coupler"> optical coupler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=small%20world%20communication" title=" small world communication"> small world communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=home%20network." title=" home network."> home network.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10359/blind-spot-area-tracking-solution-using-1x12-pof-based-optical-couplers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10359/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10359/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10359/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10359/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10359/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10359/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10359/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10359/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10359/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10359/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10359.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">793</span> Deposition of Transparent IGZO Conducting Thin Films by Co-Sputtering of Zn2Ga2O3 and In2O3 Targets at Room Temperature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yu-Hsin%20Chen">Yu-Hsin Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yuan-Tai%20Hsieh"> Yuan-Tai Hsieh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cheng-Shong%20Hong"> Cheng-Shong Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chia-Ching%20Wu"> Chia-Ching Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cheng-Fu%20Yang"> Cheng-Fu Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yu-Jhen%20Liou"> Yu-Jhen Liou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this study, we investigated (In,Ga,Zn)O<sub>x</sub> (IGZO) thin films and examined their characteristics of using Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-2 ZnO (GZO) co-sputtered In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> prepared by dual target radio frequency magnetron sputtering at room temperature in a pure Ar atmosphere. RF powers of 80 W and 70 W were used for GZO and pure In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, room temperature (RT) was used as deposition temperature, and the deposition time was changed from 15 min to 60 min. Structural, surface, electrical, and optical properties of IGZO thin films were investigated as a function of deposition time. Furthermore, the GZO co-sputtered In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> thin films showed a very smooth and featureless surface and an amorphous structure regardless of the deposition time due to the room temperature sputtering process. We would show that the co-sputtered IGZO thin films exhibited transparent electrode properties with high transmittance ratio and low resistivity.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=IGZO" title="IGZO">IGZO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=co-sputter" title=" co-sputter"> co-sputter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ga2O3-2%20ZnO" title=" Ga2O3-2 ZnO"> Ga2O3-2 ZnO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=In2O3." title=" In2O3."> In2O3.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998742/deposition-of-transparent-igzo-conducting-thin-films-by-co-sputtering-of-zn2ga2o3-and-in2o3-targets-at-room-temperature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998742/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998742/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998742/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998742/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998742/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998742/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998742/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998742/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998742/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998742/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998742.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3261</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">792</span> On the EM Algorithm and Bootstrap Approach Combination for Improving Satellite Image Fusion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tijani%20Delleji">Tijani Delleji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mourad%20Zribi"> Mourad Zribi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmed%20Ben%20Hamida"> Ahmed Ben Hamida</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses EM algorithm and Bootstrap approach combination applied for the improvement of the satellite image fusion process. This novel satellite image fusion method based on estimation theory EM algorithm and reinforced by Bootstrap approach was successfully implemented and tested. The sensor images are firstly split by a Bayesian segmentation method to determine a joint region map for the fused image. Then, we use the EM algorithm in conjunction with the Bootstrap approach to develop the bootstrap EM fusion algorithm, hence producing the fused targeted image. We proposed in this research to estimate the statistical parameters from some iterative equations of the EM algorithm relying on a reference of representative Bootstrap samples of images. Sizes of those samples are determined from a new criterion called 'hybrid criterion'. Consequently, the obtained results of our work show that using the Bootstrap EM (BEM) in image fusion improve performances of estimated parameters which involve amelioration of the fused image quality; and reduce the computing time during the fusion process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Satellite%20image%20fusion" title="Satellite image fusion">Satellite image fusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bayesian%20segmentation" title=" Bayesian segmentation"> Bayesian segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bootstrap%20approach" title=" Bootstrap approach"> Bootstrap approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=EM%20algorithm." title=" EM algorithm."> EM algorithm.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3474/on-the-em-algorithm-and-bootstrap-approach-combination-for-improving-satellite-image-fusion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3474/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3474/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3474/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3474/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3474/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3474/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3474/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3474/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3474/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3474/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3474.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">791</span> A Graphical Environment for Petri Nets INA Tool Based on Meta-Modelling and Graph Grammars</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Raida%20El%20Mansouri">Raida El Mansouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Elhillali%20Kerkouche"> Elhillali Kerkouche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Allaoua%20Chaoui"> Allaoua Chaoui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Petri net tool INA is a well known tool by the Petri net community. However, it lacks a graphical environment to cerate and analyse INA models. Building a modelling tool for the design and analysis from scratch (for INA tool for example) is generally a prohibitive task. Meta-Modelling approach is useful to deal with such problems since it allows the modelling of the formalisms themselves. In this paper, we propose an approach based on the combined use of Meta-modelling and Graph Grammars to automatically generate a visual modelling tool for INA for analysis purposes. In our approach, the UML Class diagram formalism is used to define a meta-model of INA models. The meta-modelling tool ATOM3 is used to generate a visual modelling tool according to the proposed INA meta-model. We have also proposed a graph grammar to automatically generate INA description of the graphically specified Petri net models. This allows the user to avoid the errors when this description is done manually. Then the INA tool is used to perform the simulation and the analysis of the resulted INA description. Our environment is illustrated through an example. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=INA" title="INA">INA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Meta-modelling" title=" Meta-modelling"> Meta-modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Graph%20Grammars" title=" Graph Grammars"> Graph Grammars</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=AToM3" title=" AToM3"> AToM3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Automatic%20Code%20Generation." title="Automatic Code Generation.">Automatic Code Generation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10215/a-graphical-environment-for-petri-nets-ina-tool-based-on-meta-modelling-and-graph-grammars" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10215/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10215/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10215/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10215/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10215/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10215/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10215/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10215/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10215/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10215/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10215.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1867</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">790</span> Facile Synthesis of Vertically Aligned ZnO Nanowires on Carbon Layer by Vapour Deposition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kh.%20A.%20Abdullin">Kh. A. Abdullin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20B.%20Bakranov"> N. B. Bakranov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20E.%20Kudaibergenov"> S. E. Kudaibergenov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.E.%20Kumekov"> S.E. Kumekov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=V.%20N.%20Ermolaev"> V. N. Ermolaev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=L.%20V.%20Podrezova">L. V. Podrezova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A facile vapour deposition method of synthesis of vertically aligned ZnO nanowires on carbon seed layer was developed. The received samples were investigated on electronic microscope JSM-6490 LA JEOL and x-ray diffractometer X, pert MPD PRO. The photoluminescence spectra (PL) of obtained ZnO samples at a room temperature were studied using He-Cd laser (325 nm line) as excitation source.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ZnO%20nanowires" title="ZnO nanowires">ZnO nanowires</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=vapor-phase%20deposition" title=" vapor-phase deposition"> vapor-phase deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nicatalytic%20layer" title=" Nicatalytic layer"> Nicatalytic layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=facile%20method%20of%20synthesis" title=" facile method of synthesis"> facile method of synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=carbon%20catalytic%20layer" title=" carbon catalytic layer"> carbon catalytic layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thephotoluminescence%20spectra" title=" thephotoluminescence spectra"> thephotoluminescence spectra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=X-ray%20spectrum." title=" X-ray spectrum."> X-ray spectrum.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9516/facile-synthesis-of-vertically-aligned-zno-nanowires-on-carbon-layer-by-vapour-deposition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9516/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9516/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9516/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9516/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9516/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9516/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9516/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9516/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9516/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9516/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9516.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1454</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">789</span> Metal Inert Gas Welding-Based-Shaped Metal Deposition in Additive Layered Manufacturing: A Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Adnan%20A.%20Ugla">Adnan A. Ugla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hassan%20J.%20Khaudair"> Hassan J. Khaudair</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmed%20R.%20J.%20Almusawi"> Ahmed R. J. Almusawi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Shaped Metal Deposition (SMD) in additive layered manufacturing technique is a promising alternative to traditional manufacturing used for manufacturing large, expensive metal components with complex geometry in addition to producing free structures by building materials in a layer by layer technique. The present paper is a comprehensive review of the literature and the latest rapid manufacturing technologies of the SMD technique. The aim of this paper is to comprehensively review the most prominent facts that researchers have dealt with in the SMD techniques especially those associated with the cold wire feed. The intent of this study is to review the literature presented on metal deposition processes and their classifications, including SMD process using Wire <strong><span dir="RTL">+</span></strong> Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) which divides into wire + tungsten inert gas (TIG), metal inert gas (MIG), or plasma. This literary research presented covers extensive details on bead geometry, process parameters and heat input or arc energy resulting from the deposition process in both cases MIG and Tandem-MIG in SMD process. Furthermore, SMD may be done using Single Wire-MIG (SW-MIG) welding and SMD using Double Wire-MIG (DW-MIG) welding. The present review shows that the method of deposition of metals when using the DW-MIG process can be considered a distinctive and low-cost method to produce large metal components due to high deposition rates as well as reduce the input of high temperature generated during deposition and reduce the distortions. However, the accuracy and surface finish of the MIG-SMD are less as compared to electron and laser beam.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shaped%20metal%20deposition" title="Shaped metal deposition">Shaped metal deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=additive%20manufacturing" title=" additive manufacturing"> additive manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=double-wire%20feed" title=" double-wire feed"> double-wire feed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cold%20feed%20wire." title=" cold feed wire. "> cold feed wire. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010182/metal-inert-gas-welding-based-shaped-metal-deposition-in-additive-layered-manufacturing-a-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010182/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010182/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010182/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010182/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010182/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010182/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010182/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010182/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010182/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010182/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010182.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1396</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">788</span> Natural-Direction-Consistent 3D-Design and Printing Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yasusi%20Kanada">Yasusi Kanada</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objects are usually horizontally sliced when printed by 3D printers. Therefore, if an object to be printed, such as a collection of fibers, originally has natural direction in shape, the printed direction contradicts with the natural direction. By using proper tools, such as field-oriented 3D paint software, field-oriented solid modelers, field-based tool-path generation software, and non-horizontal FDM 3D printers, the natural direction can be modeled and objects can be printed in a direction that is consistent with the natural direction. This consistence results in embodiment of momentum or force in expressions of the printed object. To achieve this goal, several design and manufacturing problems, but not all, have been solved. An application of this method is (Japanese) 3D calligraphy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=3D%20printing" title="3D printing">3D printing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Three-dimensional%20printing" title=" Three-dimensional printing"> Three-dimensional printing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Solid%20free-form%20fabrication" title=" Solid free-form fabrication"> Solid free-form fabrication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SFF" title=" SFF"> SFF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fused%20deposition%20modeling" title=" Fused deposition modeling"> Fused deposition modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=FDM" title=" FDM"> FDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Additive%20manufacturing." title=" Additive manufacturing."> Additive manufacturing.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001377/natural-direction-consistent-3d-design-and-printing-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001377/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001377/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001377/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001377/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001377/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001377/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001377/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001377/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001377/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001377/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001377.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">787</span> RBS Characteristic of Cd1−xZnxS Thin Film Fabricated by Vacuum Deposition Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Dahbi">N. Dahbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D-E.%20Arafah"> D-E. Arafah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Cd<sub>1−<em>x</em></sub>Zn<em><sub>x</sub></em>S thins films have been fabricated from ZnS/CdS/ZnS multilayer thin film systems, by using the vacuum deposition method; the Rutherford backscattering (RBS) technique have been applied in order to determine the: structure, composition, depth profile, and stoichiometric of these films. The influence of the chemical and heat treatments on the produced films also have been investigated; the RBS spectra of the films showed that homogenous Cd<sub>1−<em>x</em></sub>Zn<em><sub>x</sub></em>S can be synthesized with x=0.45.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cd1%E2%88%92xZnxS" title="Cd1−xZnxS">Cd1−xZnxS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=chemical%20treatment" title=" chemical treatment"> chemical treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=depth%20profile" title=" depth profile"> depth profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=heat%20treatment" title=" heat treatment"> heat treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=RBS" title=" RBS"> RBS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=RUMP%20simulation" title=" RUMP simulation"> RUMP simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thin%20film" title=" thin film"> thin film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=vacuum%20deposition" title=" vacuum deposition"> vacuum deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ZnS%2FCdS%2FZnS." title=" ZnS/CdS/ZnS. "> ZnS/CdS/ZnS. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997254/rbs-characteristic-of-cd1xznxs-thin-film-fabricated-by-vacuum-deposition-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997254/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997254/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997254/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997254/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997254/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997254/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997254/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997254/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997254/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997254/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997254.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1738</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">786</span> Improved p-Xylene Selectivity of n-Pentane Aromatization over Silylated Ga-exchanged HZSM- 5 Catalysts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tunchanok%20Nitipan">Tunchanok Nitipan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siriporn%20Jongpatiwut"> Siriporn Jongpatiwut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thirasak%20Rirksomboon"> Thirasak Rirksomboon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Boonyarach%20Kitiyanan"> Boonyarach Kitiyanan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tivaporn%20Apphakvan"> Tivaporn Apphakvan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this study, the conversion of n-pentane to aromatics is investigated on HZSM-5 zeolites modified by Ga ion-exchange and silylation using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) via chemical liquid deposition (CLD). The effect of SiO2/Al2O3 ratios of HZSM-5 was also studied. Parameters in preparing catalysts i.e. TEOS loading and cycles of deposition were varied to obtain the optimal condition for enhancing p-xylene selectivity. The highest p-xylene selectivity 99.7% was achieved when the amount of TEOS was 20 vol.%.The catalysts were characterized by TPD, TPO, XRF, and BET. Results show that the conversion of n-pentane was influenced remarkably by the SiO2/Al2O3 ratios of HZSM-5. The highest p-xylene selectivity 99.7% was achieved when the amount of TEOS was 20 vol.%. And cycles of deposition greatly improves HZSM-5 shape-selectivity.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aromatization" title="Aromatization">Aromatization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chemical%20Liquid%20Deposition%20%28CLD%29" title=" Chemical Liquid Deposition (CLD)"> Chemical Liquid Deposition (CLD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=p-Xylene" title=" p-Xylene"> p-Xylene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ZSM-5%20Zeolite" title=" ZSM-5 Zeolite"> ZSM-5 Zeolite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1387/improved-p-xylene-selectivity-of-n-pentane-aromatization-over-silylated-ga-exchanged-hzsm-5-catalysts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1387/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1387/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1387/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1387/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1387/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1387/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1387/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1387/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1387/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1387/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1387.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1690</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">785</span> Multi-Focus Image Fusion Using SFM and Wavelet Packet </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Somkait%20Udomhunsakul">Somkait Udomhunsakul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, a multi-focus image fusion method using Spatial Frequency Measurements (SFM) and Wavelet Packet was proposed. The proposed fusion approach, firstly, the two fused images were transformed and decomposed into sixteen subbands using Wavelet packet. Next, each subband was partitioned into sub-blocks and each block was identified the clearer regions by using the Spatial Frequency Measurement (SFM). Finally, the recovered fused image was reconstructed by performing the Inverse Wavelet Transform. From the experimental results, it was found that the proposed method outperformed the traditional SFM based methods in terms of objective and subjective assessments.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multi-focus%20image%20fusion" title="Multi-focus image fusion">Multi-focus image fusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wavelet%20Packet" title=" Wavelet Packet"> Wavelet Packet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Spatial%20Frequency%20Measurement." title=" Spatial Frequency Measurement."> Spatial Frequency Measurement.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998287/multi-focus-image-fusion-using-sfm-and-wavelet-packet" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998287/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998287/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998287/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998287/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998287/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998287/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998287/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998287/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998287/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998287/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998287.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1614</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">784</span> Geometrical Structure and Layer Orientation Effects on Strength, Material Consumption and Building Time of FDM Rapid Prototyped Samples</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmed%20A.%20D.%20Sarhan">Ahmed A. D. Sarhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chong%20Feng%20Duan"> Chong Feng Duan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mum%20Wai%20Yip"> Mum Wai Yip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Sayuti"> M. Sayuti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rapid Prototyping (RP) technologies enable physical parts to be produced from various materials without depending on the conventional tooling. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is one of the famous RP processes used at present. Tensile strength and compressive strength resistance will be identified for different sample structures and different layer orientations of ABS rapid prototype solid models. The samples will be fabricated by a FDM rapid prototyping machine in different layer orientations with variations in internal geometrical structure. The 0° orientation where layers were deposited along the length of the samples displayed superior strength and impact resistance over all the other orientations. The anisotropic properties were probably caused by weak interlayer bonding and interlayer porosity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Building%20orientation" title="Building orientation">Building orientation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=compression%20strength" title=" compression strength"> compression strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=rapid%0D%0Aprototyping" title=" rapid prototyping"> rapid prototyping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=tensile%20strength." title=" tensile strength."> tensile strength.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001851/geometrical-structure-and-layer-orientation-effects-on-strength-material-consumption-and-building-time-of-fdm-rapid-prototyped-samples" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001851/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary 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