CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "www.researchgate.net",cType: 'managed',cRay: '913396efca689fc2',cH: 'VUY7jgfyhKLkBezzSiQdp7SCPdOrxwGYXahdjOiIsdI-1739772367-1.2.1.1-2KbJx1UJTqogu2b2rPk2BrFV8Occnx9wxvDqZyf2d3CBqhiQqWmYg6e0Ig81XBBo',cUPMDTk: "\/profile\/Ojo-Sunday-Isaac-Fayomi?__cf_chl_tk=eUwAaHnCAmY5alIc.0mtqD9FJwmr_FibUuT6ZTpaoWg-1739772367-1.0.1.1-W6O_m_pfjUIjSy7DfwjHcRR19nUu6ej5BTZSe7EAqMc",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739772367',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/profile\/Ojo-Sunday-Isaac-Fayomi?__cf_chl_f_tk=eUwAaHnCAmY5alIc.0mtqD9FJwmr_FibUuT6ZTpaoWg-1739772367-1.0.1.1-W6O_m_pfjUIjSy7DfwjHcRR19nUu6ej5BTZSe7EAqMc",md: "RArtneSiwLkUjup8amJkgk6pxaMH1F9tqyfvxgZ9s6w-1739772367-1.2.1.1-FaI3WL1sBH5Vp3JF3K8EJzr9I3z7yyt6dw.XdziaKSE4.YhJuhwdkyWMH9tsu4bbpOznHGtC7r60MVy7opnPpm_K59BWsXMS3iSOZJVxzFrY_aQVMvbnOSL2zvrWUWEw3c65oA1BcBZXWNT_RVYgtWZf_Ix_agyQdXr2V.6NyCSSE9ZR0gDJMVXvDg8UkeYn.Hr61mGBUwVo_4dvWGWkyddWLZ0eMvs3YKpZi8CtOYV20d2ldstyxXcWOE6fiBUGy.Acd6cYNC7IqcNc2l2UkSfPj8jQj_8r1szsPB4QvvCaq65cG0oVCVJk9.66P22SBaDe2MHOMUIYJRUEra440i8rtaQN0jGibaaDJktkoMSbvQ4UJaxpoiVD5wnN4Gg7GY.g4IjSfjn4Fm3sKEQOF_2CDZD_Cg9ldZEOAACttxbG5Uq0ZQpc.I_qWEmu1dBy2H734mbUJrU6gNQZnFAXEoq2bY.1Dq2TuelpxrMeuoVSs0FNOmSUxWNq8pQaacJ_5XgSWxhIrV5KlFK_Lszfr6Bh7BxUuYpxgwk0Bi_hKqSzjcrx9IZF_CrH2IwDuRrTLWmdHGBF5d.2fQqEbTpRn02BI6gQp6ec52bbJrqDNhhzUDbYW2Q94ydUWDeliaV6pxaPwSTnVeRjVpzClLCPkjBNPXPFUwZF1VQXjXdmWvFb3s38IjnopJyKLIA2hUKkhXSR9w.R684KJpYArn.23qJvPDGQJM.e8DVaFVUzMXNkzTPNvNaJZ4svy7._QW1MMVYyYKjJraK7Chh_X1YuNTK4Or1blb3sP_xL.bgOKOAFYIRLwVQf5TBYdFAM1clo9q6mv_zp.K3__cb3Cnv1epEqfUyAfQE5_VVrJhmRq8xMMFFblmU9yEiZBG7PbDccwpM8.Vvb2LkjFE71oZDYNQ84tgj6vLcwldM8SaFAV_842NXUdALtvz82X5hc7QuH82a8TBqRYQwbCtfFDcJ3Ei1dQdJGessfImwO8jnUcryDiQB0SBjVStiuT2xVGZ6SOc6Gk9A6t.1GonPDdN3HJA.4opmwckqTWW_KZNVRSvcFI78.uRYPUxjGy8nGllEzB9bZWhpYnjrZKXBaxoMgOgD4DvPqX9XggVIoHLoEQo_inbmRxm6CtCFWD.1eoP_1WFIExFYhRgboyJvWQPzfr0ZosD4o2JBzMWXbwWcl2WwF2w.Ycuwpaf34q229vdVqJbZaSaU2mFBgu0sDSVAya.gg5cN0YQtZiFtNyK.pn.qhCCXCtPfxtNXKenP.X0kjz9dzJvMrknCY_UUD_RY4KRmuoXmp.5ZQ6SJrRCM5AoKdqqNhjaaIH7yNYzPgu1sIZTdasWpzSEsTAW5ii2CCeIzGP0tT.70A3vQDe0MYtPfjw5V.vmW9VF6z0CAl5H3nPbxtbQAT49Y92FUShXzz4rpeSyc7_OG3mPywskMZgMi1KVx2uq4Od8rMl8B4MX1APBZItIAfHbCMk4q6Z2ZkvpOQDPJfF5WgvvI6CwAENCeB7Efe9K9aWtsW0b6yb32D5XK2vIHJC3i4zwzGEabuSDeKVrmj7Z5oK9GcTVm2c4I5tbJpF7F4dBrzeSUKnuXPJXQGsgbl_9PRNzHo4Nd0WVPiQQoH.fKHNfDZVb4D.cgGcMAS13rjWax.MpsnwMx4UCtLojzCebGazLTBBDGZdcE3JlzgL4WvGLcCe2rwRLfRp000dfSwugN6fFiJ_gE3yGdS2jWPkLn3RzLmThGOoa9n_jmbOQTHu_tlZ0nvnkeGN6o7qmcB1w4n8cPw.fBbkGqJVYhgo5WV1DL6.OQOg6INdvCAKK28CMuzMAyZo4jibBcjeZ8Q11ADm10KSONAYhsIZycft.ft5fDyHwvEL7R5BHA1nM0jpkDFpsRNsJjzA24B0as.j2_AXsdWsgKN5MV0P8ftC4sy3pVTOFdWAW6_xnd_wgbsC4j1LJ7EPv.xlvIEeB1g7cTgCb2v9voLK9WY5kA7bBJxs2XtgvtI4LhIR_tbgo.bC8jD3RkUVqrE2oJxpLTHoktQt3_e7TlXTAuZlfrRzFnwWCp396dnsKWQFX4H9DxhHmA9ivdmyxSFrlOBR9S61pXpCFkYMOWe_VG3N72hLk5lv2DGeIVDwrO_ejGxzjdLyVPBEk2gEKIrAb1P3_qM1ce55wq5ykXcB4KcLYrbXr.c32geA.AH_Mz.myEd9OezB7hNybU9tqmYHZUU1Nrh9YS2DhwxX6oFYfVKjzzQ2_SZnwbFSb3eyC3ZL5BTC2k9dGd8aPSeGfOsiZ5U6MWPUX5P0vPY4BB4hmzJPbF6oz4EhPQjKP7lAp7DI_Jzm6fJaJ4Y44NQzn.fuEK2GdRWxilNixs2Z9a2nuT4mcxrLGuvYiqmYANYdv.NgIZABWGqFdog.Pndre_R.c2svrIhOTDT7RZnUkUcDW9VbYxM.YfdMhxMNER4.9n2hK_f732Iyj6znkXy40qwaa1bfKhHC8Jgjf2RdOhTRsBL8z2MZGcYcE5jCb8ZHC.MhtG9OMyu523dZpR07JYuMLCUQOJHCfut.oQT9ENGk8TKRuzVAeEGe2zy.AsPdWwfKqMiCfeZEzSX8WENRizqbIhgEqxcHo1iI7hVU5x2iFF1kFURZiSVQXuXzXHmgA",mdrd: "pa7Eu83fzb7kbyfmisHaClL5glLJPNYla0CUvw9kuAs-1739772367-1.2.1.1-7GmXA2nPejhyQg3ZBmtrJlWCa448miBkhOqIyc7mzh.oepuF53n0hCvNV6IbjSbLbiWh0_5ClyKSAgPLM5LJVRiq9BQ7ivuwAGKRMznfEvIFHa1b3azHDSAhAxCNXtFuSmoSG3eYoj7WccLPz0IcJWOMXszV4vjVv7NfNW2JAaIAzty9TGFZ8WrvZ.rkXkDhuYwovYUBe0k6Ndl5r1aHeaJHQ9QDwkPDh8CGZy3VC.Pg00UQvOhkeBUkZjDTuIa.YNgTpcw.FuK3GS7Qrng3cOaeCnzYhdJ.iB7Po6BgdW.xBBpJZXRj9JnJO9EwnLh6lthWJCesIEzVmWhYpJIZmyRXMWZHFebfOYK1F.Xdav99eR.NCMHb8iToZw7gkI3A0mf7BK717xHZf0JXkkcDGkjCqRb90DRG8bd3_7gzAFE.GuS_dJ3XBNmsEGuddjhpk3d2eFwyNhTcalZSTXfXo1txRzb2CA.OEBG5i3rw8TGKKIc_H2kyz4bbWEm0vik_ROZH2Ytv.4sVeGWJtyeKAFc4hIBcfG5u8CuogAMdxAMQP1xg4Car6VwiJivy72eHKfnUpSndIcUuxgpa.UCwfnjPfP_tx8UcSFJr6GqBXCehA75vnE7gGDjdY1EGkkM7Dh4d8P0eU.ePr72OmSnn2Dv6J_tILbv7PL3YuALcEa_bC4Rj82bUnx6.4EqIcGlWJLl6DgCPaj6wtY6K3sBejNVV4Bs7TmVp7rky1UOmxwMsMkJSkv9j.W3wzFKzknE3G2oW8EpV8SDHEI0oMgeQ5L37s6qjrltVKTW5Nn.zjaUMLVrDC4Of7HMfH5hZM8tunkxCvJiTEHi6R4PcFJtdU30G6e_91P4t3qDQlD11sB_UGyPyOjQEttvYp_w1t6E_SvOHOMnhZWbUiQXz_w9lH9n9bt0SPneV.ylk.52zTNItcIaP.Z0sSRfyql.vhgAaamaWWptuEkFd9ifuldhcUGgnvWUc1_4TrkyS3YZx3e_C2J.aCHtbSQNX40WyECcWv0mj2sZvBuV2tji2YSrJldTwqFge_356zauRLNUiO0nAZlLYK0eVAIwTuykbegmnB0aJfmn0mYz4R23k0ngbaTP1Vh0TRoCFMgX9ykqXB5jJcv2vLfzeaLRUuYLCZD_osCnzjpNz6UIpZhn1W90YcthuxaPfIzHnmfhYgq2__LiqeC8bC6FN9V52bSDXSSm_LvUjTMJehHsv81_PGVlpYlyGVgnolT1dVSC2gXyKhUJQw8k2OV567ZUyn9g2mr3RIcXGQPt8FmlIzwnupfFzqcP_r2KymbJ.ZpoizZGbz5AMlVLpExrzi7lasDQDwNwhmf_tvfAkBn1D956ppRkJAlzmoi34rFhp2v5yB9TY.5tEQR.H0U0eRfmqDfPxBgZY9by7Rdy0K7hKjUue4HCB6eCwfvkh4pYB4JlSN5esLiCKV6gvAuuAhv4ZnGKxFPomDOwWfGoS41f9Q42tmezcPH5IK5vJpRvVZzBWwQchaf35wVqRiTFfCFjblAOuaDSbHYx6SOKxZzv.ujGYxEJZ4NDnNoGJL4k7_bNIV.yTlSzmP65btahDatr11sAFaQ2b_qf7oY56W2jmOhS0KLRLqSdkJihWsLQZQ61cuShK9PA.AxtL5UyOS839IV1TPCVeN9hieH73Vt7y.5LsxlFAhRO9bP8JYNSJYSvpXrN1jljcK_1PrEB.DPS_eet0mLcr18f1fTh2.GyKVFM.3X6JbkLUvKAtrZ2JG4Cmo1LlpYTY6OhMJfVITeu3nQ0M0FwuMc7asoVcGoMsVmFtmIfgsuDtZshniOQsxvYh6h4T9RPvvnOnS4ur_d0C.__7QUcMaPRIyuxMJB8wtC3S8u43R9SMjgqoGrELoGi3dl.nQtkbNVpwHI.auGt6jxdQjQawM_ET1_wLy3oGuF6__u5JxGPFPJq5gtNmlyRvZK13jb8"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913396efca689fc2';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/profile\/Ojo-Sunday-Isaac-Fayomi?__cf_chl_rt_tk=eUwAaHnCAmY5alIc.0mtqD9FJwmr_FibUuT6ZTpaoWg-1739772367-1.0.1.1-W6O_m_pfjUIjSy7DfwjHcRR19nUu6ej5BTZSe7EAqMc" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>