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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keturunan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Keturunan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keturunan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bernicia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bernicia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bernicia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bernicia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Knut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Knut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Knut</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Knut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orkney_dan_Moray" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orkney_dan_Moray"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Orkney dan Moray</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orkney_dan_Moray-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Strathclyde_dan_suksesi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strathclyde_dan_suksesi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Strathclyde dan suksesi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Strathclyde_dan_suksesi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kematian_dan_keturunan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kematian_dan_keturunan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Kematian dan keturunan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kematian_dan_keturunan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Catatan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Máel Coluim II</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 40 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A6lcolm_II_Scotta_Cyning" title="Mælcolm II Scotta Cyning – Inggris Kuno" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Mælcolm II Scotta Cyning" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Inggris Kuno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="مالكولم التانى ملك اسكتلندا – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مالكولم التانى ملك اسكتلندا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BC_II" title="Малкълм II – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Малкълм II" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_II_d%27Esc%C3%B2cia" title="Malcolm II d'Escòcia – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Malcolm II d'Escòcia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_II." title="Malcolm II. – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Malcolm II." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_2._af_Skotland" title="Malcolm 2. af Skotland – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Malcolm 2. af Skotland" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_II." title="Malcolm II. – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Malcolm II." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BC_%CE%92%CE%84_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A3%CE%BA%CF%89%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Μάλκολμ Β΄ της Σκωτίας – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μάλκολμ Β΄ της Σκωτίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_II_of_Scotland" title="Malcolm II of Scotland – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Malcolm II of Scotland" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malkolmo_la_2-a" title="Malkolmo la 2-a – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Malkolmo la 2-a" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_II_de_Escocia" title="Malcolm II de Escocia – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Malcolm II de Escocia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_II.a_Eskoziakoa" title="Malcolm II.a Eskoziakoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Malcolm II.a Eskoziakoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_II" title="Malcolm II – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Malcolm II" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_II" title="Malcolm II – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Malcolm II" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maol_Chaluim_II_na_h-Alba" title="Maol Chaluim II na h-Alba – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Maol Chaluim II na h-Alba" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_II_de_Escocia" title="Malcolm II de Escocia – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Malcolm II de Escocia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A5%A8" title="माल्कम २ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="माल्कम २" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_II." title="Malcolm II. – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Malcolm II." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/II._Malcolm_sk%C3%B3t_kir%C3%A1ly" title="II. Malcolm skót király – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="II. Malcolm skót király" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_II_di_Scozia" title="Malcolm II di Scozia – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Malcolm II di Scozia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%A02%E4%B8%96_(%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B3%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E7%8E%8B)" title="マルカム2世 (スコットランド王) – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マルカム2世 (スコットランド王)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC" title="II Малькольм – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="II Малькольм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%90_%EC%BD%9C%EB%A3%B8_2%EC%84%B8_%EB%A7%89_%ED%82%A4%EB%82%98%EB%8B%A4" title="말 콜룸 2세 막 키나다 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="말 콜룸 2세 막 키나다" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milcolumbus_II_(rex_Scotorum)" title="Milcolumbus II (rex Scotorum) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Milcolumbus II (rex Scotorum)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_II_van_Schotland" title="Malcolm II van Schotland – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Malcolm II van Schotland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_II_av_Skottland" title="Malcolm II av Skottland – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Malcolm II av Skottland" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_II" title="Malcolm II – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Malcolm II" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_II_da_Esc%C3%B3cia" title="Malcolm II da Escócia – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Malcolm II da Escócia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_al_II-lea_al_Sco%C8%9Biei" title="Malcolm al II-lea al Scoției – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Malcolm al II-lea al Scoției" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC_II" title="Малькольм II – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Малькольм II" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A5%A8" title="माल्कम २ – Sanskerta" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="माल्कम २" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskerta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_II_o_Scotland" title="Malcolm II o Scotland – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Malcolm II o Scotland" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_II_od_%C5%A0kotske" title="Malcolm II od Škotske – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Malcolm II od Škotske" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_II_of_Scotland" title="Malcolm II of Scotland – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Malcolm II of Scotland" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC_II_%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Малколм II Шкотски – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Малколм II Шкотски" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malkolm_II_av_Skottland" title="Malkolm II av Skottland – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Malkolm II av Skottland" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC_II" title="Малкольм II – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Малкольм II" data-language-autonym="Українська" 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mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Máel Coluim II</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Malcolm_II_of_Scotland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Malcolm_II_of_Scotland.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="243" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="243" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Gambaran raja yang menakjubkan dari abad ke-17 (penampilan sebenarnya tidak diketahui)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Daftar_penguasa_Skotlandia" title="Daftar penguasa Skotlandia">Raja Skot</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Berkuasa</th><td class="infobox-data">1005–1034</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pendahulu</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coinneach_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coinneach III (halaman belum tersedia)">Coinneach III</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Penerus</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Donnchadh_I" title="Donnchadh I">Donnchadh I</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kelahiran</th><td class="infobox-data">skt. 954</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kematian</th><td class="infobox-data">25 November 1034<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glamis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glamis (halaman belum tersedia)">Glamis</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pemakaman</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iona (halaman belum tersedia)">Iona</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Keturunan_(genealogi)" title="Keturunan (genealogi)">Keturunan</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beth%C3%B3c&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bethóc (halaman belum tersedia)">Bethóc</a><br /> Donada<br /> Olith</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dinasti" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinasti">Wangsa</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wangsa_Alpin" title="Wangsa Alpin">Alpin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ayah</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coinneach_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coinneach II (halaman belum tersedia)">Coinneach II</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Máel Coluim II</b> (skt. 954 - 25 November 1034)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> merupakan <a href="/wiki/Daftar_penguasa_Skotlandia" title="Daftar penguasa Skotlandia">Raja Skot</a> dari tahun 1005 sampai kematiannya.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ia merupakan putra <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coinneach_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coinneach II (halaman belum tersedia)">Raja Coinneach II</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nubuatan_Berch%C3%A1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nubuatan Berchán (halaman belum tersedia)">Nubuatan Berchán</a> mengatakan bahwa ibundanya adalah wanita <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerajaan_Leinster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerajaan Leinster (halaman belum tersedia)">Leinster</a> dan menyebutnya sebagai <i><b>Forranach</b></i>, "sang Penghancur".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Menurut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Babad_Irlandia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Babad Irlandia (halaman belum tersedia)">Babad Irlandia</a> yang mencatat kematiannya, Máel Coluim adalah seorang <i>ard <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rí (halaman belum tersedia)">rí</a> Alban</i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja_Tinggi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raja Tinggi (halaman belum tersedia)">Raja Tinggi</a> Skotlandia. Dengan cara yang sama seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brian_B%C3%B3ruma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brian Bóruma (halaman belum tersedia)">Brian Bóruma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raja_Tinggi_Irlandia" class="mw-redirect" title="Raja Tinggi Irlandia">Raja Tinggi Irlandia</a>, bukanlah satu-satunya raja di <a href="/wiki/Irlandia" class="mw-redirect" title="Irlandia">Irlandia</a>, Máel Coluim adalah salah satu dari beberapa raja di batas-batas geografis <a href="/wiki/Skotlandia" title="Skotlandia">Skotlandia</a> modern: saudara-saudaranya termasuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja_Strathclyde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raja Strathclyde (halaman belum tersedia)">Raja Strathclyde</a>, yang memerintah sebagian besar barat daya, berbagai raja-raja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Norse-Gael&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norse-Gael (halaman belum tersedia)">Norse-Gael</a> di pantai barat dan <a href="/wiki/Hebrides" title="Hebrides">Hebrides</a> dan, saingan terdekatnya dan yang paling berbahaya, raja-raja atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moireabh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moireabh (halaman belum tersedia)">Moireabh</a>. Di selatan, di <a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Inggris" title="Kerajaan Inggris">Kerajaan Inggris</a>, para Earl <a href="/wiki/Bernicia" title="Bernicia">Bernicia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Northumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerajaan Northumbria">Northumbria</a>, yang pendahulunya sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_penguasa_Northumbria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar penguasa Northumbria (halaman belum tersedia)">raja-raja Northumbria</a> pernah memerintah sebagian besar Skotlandia selatan, masih menguasai sebagian besar wilayah tenggara.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tahun-tahun_awal">Tahun-tahun awal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A1el_Coluim_II&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Tahun-tahun awal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A1el_Coluim_II&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Tahun-tahun awal"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Máel Coluim II adalah putra <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coinneach_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coinneach II (halaman belum tersedia)">Coinneach II</a> dan cucu <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A1el_Coluim_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Máel Coluim I (halaman belum tersedia)">Máel Coluim I</a>. Pada tahun 997, pembunuh <a href="/wiki/Konstantinus_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Konstantinus III">Konstantinus III</a> dikreditkan sebagai Coinneach, putra Máel Coluim. Karena tidak ada Coinneach yang diketahui dan relevan yang hidup pada saat itu (Raja Coinneach meninggal pada tahun 995), dianggap sebagai kesalahan bagi baik <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coinneach_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coinneach III (halaman belum tersedia)">Coinneach III</a>, yang menggantikan Konstantinus, atau mungkin, Máel Coluim sendiri, adalah putra Coinneach II.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apakah Máel Coluim membunuh Konstantinus atau tidak, tidak ada keraguan bahwa pada tahun 1005 ia membunuh penerus Konstantinus, Coinneach III di medan perang di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Monzievaird&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monzievaird (halaman belum tersedia)">Monzievaird</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Strathearn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strathearn (halaman belum tersedia)">Strathearn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_dari_Fordun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John dari Fordun (halaman belum tersedia)">John dari Fordun</a> menulis bahwa Máel Coluim mengalahkan pasukan <a href="/wiki/Norwegia" title="Norwegia">Norwegia</a> "hampir pada hari-hari pertama setelah penobatannya", namun hal ini tidak dilaporkan di tempat lain. Fordun mengatakan bahwa <a href="/wiki/Keuskupan_Aberdeen" title="Keuskupan Aberdeen">Keuskupan Mortlach</a> (kemudian pindah ke <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a>) dibangun berkat kemenangan atas bangsa Norwegia.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Keturunan">Keturunan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A1el_Coluim_II&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Keturunan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A1el_Coluim_II&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Keturunan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Máel Coluim menunjukkan kemampuan langka untuk bertahan hidup di antara raja-raja Skotlandia awal dengan memerintah selama dua puluh sembilan tahun. Ia adalah seorang tokoh yang cerdas dan ambisius. Tradisi Brehon menyebutkan bahwa penerus Máel Coluim akan dipilih olehnya dari antara keturunan <a href="/wiki/%C3%81ed_mac_Cin%C3%A1eda" title="Áed mac Cináeda">Raja Aedh</a>, dengan persetujuan dari para menteri Máel Coluim dan gereja. Dengan berpura-pura berusaha untuk mengakhiri perseteruan yang menghancurkan di utara Skotlandia, tetapi jelas dipengaruhi oleh model feodal Norman, Máel Coluim mengabaikan tradisi dan bertekad untuk mempertahankan suksesi tersebut di dalam jalurnya sendiri. Namun karena Máel Coluim tidak memiliki keturunan laki-laki, ia harus menegosiasikan serangkaian pernikahan dinasti dari ketiga putrinya ke pria yang mungkin sebaliknya menjadi saingannya, sekaligus menjaga kesetiaan ketua-ketua utama, kerabat mereka. Pertama-tama ia menikahkan putrinya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beth%C3%B3c&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bethóc (halaman belum tersedia)">Bethóc</a> dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cr%C3%ADn%C3%A1n_dari_Dunkeld&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crínán dari Dunkeld (halaman belum tersedia)">Crinan</a>, Thane dari Isles, kepala Wangsa Atholl dan abbas sekuler Dunkeld; lalu putri bungsunya, Olith, dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigur%C3%B0r_digri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sigurðr digri (halaman belum tersedia)">Sigurðr, Earl Orkney</a>. Putriyang yang tengah, Donada, menikah dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Findl%C3%A1ech&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Findláech (halaman belum tersedia)">Findláech, Earl Moray</a>, Thane dari Ross dan Cromarty dan keturunan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Loarn_mac_Eirc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loarn mac Eirc (halaman belum tersedia)">Loarn dari Dalriada</a>. Hal ini aalah bisnis yang berisiko di bawah peraturan suksesi Gaelik, tetapi dengan demikian ia mengamankan bagian belakang dan, dengan memanfaatkan perpanjangan serangan Viking ke Inggris, bergerak ke selatan untuk melawan bangsa Inggris. Ia mengalahkan Angles di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Carham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertempuran Carham (halaman belum tersedia)">Carham</a> pada tahun 1018 dan menempatkan cucunya, Donnchadh, putra Abbas Dunkeld dan pilihannya sebagai Tanist, di Carlisle sebagai Raja Cumbria pada tahun yang sama.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bernicia">Bernicia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A1el_Coluim_II&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Bernicia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A1el_Coluim_II&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bernicia"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Laporan tepercaya pertama dari pemerintahan Máel Coluim II adalah serangan <a href="/wiki/Bernicia" title="Bernicia">Bernicia</a> pada tahun 1006, mungkin adat <i>crech ríg</i> (secara harfiah adalah mangsa kerajaan, sebuah serangan oleh seorang raja baru yang dibuat untuk menunjukkan kecakapan di dalam perang), yang melibatkan <a href="/wiki/Pengepungan" title="Pengepungan">Pengepungan</a> <a href="/wiki/Durham" title="Durham">Durham</a>. Hal ini tampaknya telah mengakibatkan kekalahan berat oleh orang-orang Northumbria, yang dipimpin oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uhtred&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uhtred (halaman belum tersedia)">Uhtred</a>, kemudian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Earl_Bernicia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Earl Bernicia (halaman belum tersedia)">Earl Bernicia</a>, yang dilaporkan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Babad_Ulster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Babad Ulster (halaman belum tersedia)">Babad Ulster</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Perang kedua di Bernicia, mungkin pada tahun 1018, lebih berhasil. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Carham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertempuran Carham (halaman belum tersedia)">Pertempuran Carham</a>, di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sungai_Tweed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sungai Tweed (halaman belum tersedia)">Sungai Tweed</a>, adalah kemenangan bagi Skotlandia yang dipimpin oleh Máel Coluim II dan orang-orang Strathclyde yang dipimpin oleh raja mereka, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Owain_Foel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Owain Foel (halaman belum tersedia)">Owain Foel</a>. Pada saat itu Earl Uhtred mungkin telah meninggal, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eir%C3%ADkr_H%C3%A1konarson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eiríkr Hákonarson (halaman belum tersedia)">Eiríkr Hákonarson</a> ditunjuk sebagai Earl Northumbria oleh saudara iparnya, <a href="/wiki/Knut_yang_Agung" title="Knut yang Agung">Knut yang Agung</a>, meskipun kewibawaannya tampaknya terbatas di selatan, bekas kerajaan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerajaan_Deira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerajaan Deira (halaman belum tersedia)">Deira</a>, dan ia tidak ambil tindakan melawan Skotlandia sejauh yang diketahui.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Karya <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_obsessione_Dunelmi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De obsessione Dunelmi (halaman belum tersedia)">De obsessione Dunelmi</a></i> (<i>Pengepungan Durham</i>, berkaitan dengan tuntutan <a href="/wiki/Simeon_dari_Durham" title="Simeon dari Durham">Simeon dari Durham</a>) bahwa saudara Uhtred, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eadwulf_Cudel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eadwulf Cudel (halaman belum tersedia)">Eadwulf Cudel</a> menyerahkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lothian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lothian (halaman belum tersedia)">Lothian</a> kepada Máel Coluim II, mungkin setelah kekalahan di Carham. Ini kemungkinan adalah tanah-tanah di antara <a href="/wiki/Dunbar" title="Dunbar">Dunbar</a> dan Tweed karena bagian lain Lothian berada di bawah kendali bangsa Skotlandia sebelum masa ini. Disarankan bahwa Knut menerima upeti dari Skotlandia untuk Lothian, tetapi kaena ia kemungkinan tida menerima satupun dari Earl Bernicia, ini tidak terlalu mungkin terjadi.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Knut">Knut</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A1el_Coluim_II&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Knut" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A1el_Coluim_II&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Knut"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Knut, dilaporkan <i><a href="/wiki/Babad_Anglo-Saxon" title="Babad Anglo-Saxon">Babad Anglo-Saxon</a></i>, memimpin pasukan ke Skotlandia saat kembali dari <a href="/wiki/Ziarah" title="Ziarah">Ziarah</a> ke <a href="/wiki/Roma" title="Roma">Roma</a>. Di dalam <i>Babad</i> tercantum tahun 1031, tetapi ada alasan untuk menganggap bahwa itu harus tercantum tahun 1027.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Penulis kronik <a href="/wiki/Kadipaten_Bourgogne" class="mw-redirect" title="Kadipaten Bourgogne">Bourgogne</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raoul_Glaber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raoul Glaber (halaman belum tersedia)">Raoul Glaber</a> menceritakan ekspedisi itu segera setelah itu, menggambarkan Máel Coluim sebagai "sumber dan senjata yang sangat kuat … sangat Kristen di dalam iman dan perbuatan."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Raoul menuntut bahwa perdamaian dibuat di antara Máel Coluim dan Knut melalui campur tangan <a href="/wiki/Richard_II_dari_Normandia" title="Richard II dari Normandia">Richard II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adipati_Normandia" title="Adipati Normandia">Adipati Normandia</a>, saudara istri Knut, <a href="/wiki/Emma_dari_Normandie" title="Emma dari Normandie">Emma</a>. Richard meninggal pada sekitar tahun 1027 dan Raoul menulis hampir bersamaan kejadian-kejadian itu.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Telah disarankan bahwa akar di antara Knut dan Máel Coluim terletak dari ziarah Knut ke Roma, dan penobatan <a href="/wiki/Kaisar_Romawi_Suci" title="Kaisar Romawi Suci">Kaisar Romawi Suci</a> <a href="/wiki/Konrad_II,_Kaisar_Romawi_Suci" title="Konrad II, Kaisar Romawi Suci">Konrad II</a>, dimana Knut dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rodolphe_III_dari_Bourgogne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rodolphe III dari Bourgogne (halaman belum tersedia)">Rodolphe III</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_Raja_Bourgogne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar Raja Bourgogne (halaman belum tersedia)">Raja Bourgogne</a> mendapat tempat kehormatan. Jika Máel Coluim hadir, dan ucapan berulang tentang kesalehannya di dalam sejarah membuatnya sangat memungkinkan bahwa ia berziarah ke Roma, begitu pula <a href="/w/index.php?title=MacBheatha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MacBheatha (halaman belum tersedia)">MacBheatha</a> ("Macbeth") di kemudian hari, maka penahbisan tersebut akan memungkinkan Máel Coluim mencemooh tuntutan umum Knut untuk menguasai.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Knut memperoleh tidak sebanyak raja-raja Inggris sebelumnya, sebuah janji perdamaian dan persahabatan daripada janji bantuan atas tanah dan laut yang diperoleh <a href="/wiki/Edgar_dari_Inggris" title="Edgar dari Inggris">Edgar</a> dan yang lainnya. Sumber tersebut mengatakan bahwa Máel Coluim didampingi oleh satu atau dua raja lainnya, tentu MacBheatha, dan mungkin <a href="/wiki/Echmarcach_mac_Ragnaill" title="Echmarcach mac Ragnaill">Echmarcach mac Ragnaill</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja_Mann_dan_Isles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raja Mann dan Isles (halaman belum tersedia)">Raja Mann dan Isles</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galloway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galloway (halaman belum tersedia)">Galloway</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Babad Anglo-Saxon</i> tentang penyerahannya "namun ia [Máel Coluim] menganutnya hanya sebentar".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Knut segera menduduki <a href="/wiki/Norwegia" title="Norwegia">Norwegia</a> melawan Olaf Haraldsson dan tampaknya tidak lagi terlibat dengan Skotlandia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orkney_dan_Moray">Orkney dan Moray</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A1el_Coluim_II&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Orkney dan Moray" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A1el_Coluim_II&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Orkney dan Moray"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Olith putri Máel Coluim, menikah dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigur%C3%B0r_digri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sigurðr digri (halaman belum tersedia)">Sigurðr digri</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Earl_Orkney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Earl Orkney (halaman belum tersedia)">Earl Orkney</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Putra mereka, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Torfinn_Sigurdsson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Torfinn Sigurdsson (halaman belum tersedia)">Torfinn Sigurdsson</a> dikatakan berusia lima tahun saat Sigurðr terbunuh pada tanggal 23 April 1014 di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Clontarf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertempuran Clontarf (halaman belum tersedia)">Pertempuran Clontarf</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saga_Orkneyinga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saga Orkneyinga (halaman belum tersedia)">Saga Orkneyinga</a></i> mengatakan bahwa Torfinn dibesarkan di istana Máel Coluim dan diberikan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mormaerdom_of_Caithness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mormaerdom of Caithness (halaman belum tersedia)">Mormaerdom of Caithness</a> oleh kakeknya. Torfinn, kata <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heimskringla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heimskringla (halaman belum tersedia)">Heimskringla</a></i>, adalah sekutu raja Skot, dan mengandalkan dukungan Máel Coluim untuk melawan "tirani" Raja Norwegia, Olaf Haraldsson.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kronologi kehidupan Torfinn bermasalah, dan ia mungkin memiliki bagian di Earldom Orkney saat masih bocah, jika ia memang baru berusia lima tahun pada tahun 1014.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apapun kronologi yang tepat, sebelum kematian Máel Coluim, seorang klien raja Skotlandia mengendalikan Caithness dan Orkney, meskipun layaknya semua hubungan semacam itu, tidak mungkin bertahan melebihi kematiannya. </p><p>Jika Máel Coluim mengendalikan Moray, yang jauh dari penerimaan umum, maka catatan sejarah mencatat sejumlah peristiwa yang menunjuk pada perebutan kekuasaan di utara. Pada tahun 1020, ayahanda MacBheatha, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Findl%C3%A1ech_dari_Moray&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Findláech dari Moray (halaman belum tersedia)">Findláech dari Moray</a> dibunuh oleh putra-putra saudaranya, Máel Brigte.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tampaknya <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A1el_Coluim_dari_Moray&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Máel Coluim dari Moray (halaman belum tersedia)">Máel Coluim mac Máil Brigti</a> menguasai Moray, karena kematiannya dilaporkan terjadi pada tahun 1029.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Terlepas dari catatan-catatan sejarah Irlandia, penulis-penulis Inggris dan Skandinavia tampaknya melihat MacBheatha sebagai raja Moray yang sah: ini jelas dari deskripsi pertemuan mereka dengan Knut pada tahun 1027, sebelum kematian Máel Coluim mac Máil Brigti. Máel Coluim digantikan sebagai raja atau earl oleh saudaranya, <a href="/wiki/Gille_Coemg%C3%A1in" title="Gille Coemgáin">Gille Coemgáin</a>, suami <a href="/wiki/Gruoch_dari_Skotlandia" title="Gruoch dari Skotlandia">Gruoch dari Skotlandia</a>, cucu perempuan Raja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coinneach_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coinneach III (halaman belum tersedia)">Coinneach III</a>. Telah diduga bahwa MacBheatha bertanggung jawab atas pembunuhan Gille Coemgáin pada tahun 1032, tetapi jika MacBheatha menimbulkan permusuhan dalam pembunuhan ayahandanya pada tahun 1020, Máel Coluim juga memiliki alasan untuk kematian Gille Coemgáin. Tidak hanya nenek moyang Gille Coemgáin yang membunuh banyak kerabat Máel Coluim, namun Gille Coemgáin dan putranya <a href="/wiki/Lughlagh" title="Lughlagh">Lughlagh</a> mungkin saingan takhta. Máel Coluim tidak memiliki keturunan laki-laki yang masih hidup, dan ancaman terhadap rencananya untuk suksesi itu sudah jelas. Akibatnya, tahun berikutnya saudara atau keponakan Gruoch, yang mungkin akhirnya menjadi raja, dibunuh oleh Máel Coluim.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Strathclyde_dan_suksesi">Strathclyde dan suksesi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A1el_Coluim_II&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Strathclyde dan suksesi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A1el_Coluim_II&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Strathclyde dan suksesi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Secara tradisional dianggap bahwa Raja Owen yang Botak dari <a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Strathclyde" title="Kerajaan Strathclyde">Strathclyde</a> meninggal di Pertempuran Carham dan bahwa kerajaaan tersebut kemudian diserahkan ke tangan Skotlandia. Ini terletak pada beberapa bukti yang sangat lemah. Jauh dari dugaan bahwa Owen meninggal di Carham, dan cukup yakin bahwa ada raja-raja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_Penguasa_Strathclyde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar Penguasa Strathclyde (halaman belum tersedia)">Strathclyde</a> sampai akhir tahun 1054, ketika <a href="/wiki/Edward_sang_Pengaku" title="Edward sang Pengaku">Edward sang Pengaku</a> mengirim <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigeweard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sigeweard (halaman belum tersedia)">Earl Sigeweard</a> untuk menempatkan "<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A1el_Coluim_II_dari_Strathclyde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Máel Coluim II dari Strathclyde (halaman belum tersedia)">Malcolm</a> putra raja Cumbria". Keraguan lama itu mungkin terinspirasi oleh <a href="/wiki/William_dari_Malmesbury" title="William dari Malmesbury">William dari Malmesbury</a> dan dihiasi oleh John dari Fordun, tetapi tidak ada bukti yang kuat bahwa kerajaan Strathclyde adalah bagian dari kerajaaan Skotlandia, dan bukan kerajaan yang kehilangan subyeknya, sebelum zaman buyut Máel Coluim II, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1el_Coluim_III" title="Máel Coluim III">Máel Coluim ceann mòr</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada tahun 1030-an putra-putra Máel Coluim, jika memang ada, telah meninggal. Satu-satunya bukti bahwa ia memiliki seorang putra atau putra-putra di dalam kronik Raoul Glaber dimana Knut dikatakan menjadi ayah angkat untuk putra Máel Coluim.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cucu laki-lakinya, Torfinn tidak mungkin diterima sebagai raja oleh bangsa Skotlandia, dan ia memilih putra-putra dari putrinya, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beth%C3%B3c&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bethóc (halaman belum tersedia)">Bethóc</a>, yang menikah dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cr%C3%ADn%C3%A1n_dari_Dunkeld&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crínán dari Dunkeld (halaman belum tersedia)">Crínán</a>, abbas <a href="/wiki/Wangsa_Dunkeld" title="Wangsa Dunkeld">Wangsa Dunkeld</a>, dan mungkin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Earl_Atholl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Earl Atholl (halaman belum tersedia)">Earl Atholl</a>. Mungkin itu tidak lebih dari kebetulan, tetapi pada tahun 1027, catatan sejarah Irlandia melaporkan pembakar Dunkeld, walaupun tidak disebutkan adanya keadaan.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ahli waris yan dipilih Máel Coluim, dan <i>tánaise ríg</i> pertama yang diketahui di Skotlandia adalah <a href="/wiki/Donnchadh_I" title="Donnchadh I">Donnchadh I</a>. </p><p>Ada kemungkinan bahwa putri ketiga Máel Coluim menikah dengan Findláech mac Ruaidrí dan bahwa MacBheatha adalah cucunya, namun ini didasarkan pada bukti yang relatif lemah.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kematian_dan_keturunan">Kematian dan keturunan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A1el_Coluim_II&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Kematian dan keturunan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A1el_Coluim_II&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kematian dan keturunan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:King_Malcolms_Gravestone_at_Glamis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/King_Malcolms_Gravestone_at_Glamis.jpg/220px-King_Malcolms_Gravestone_at_Glamis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/King_Malcolms_Gravestone_at_Glamis.jpg/330px-King_Malcolms_Gravestone_at_Glamis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/King_Malcolms_Gravestone_at_Glamis.jpg/440px-King_Malcolms_Gravestone_at_Glamis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="904" data-file-height="1042" /></a><figcaption>Pahatan "batu nisan Raja Máel Coluim" dari abad ke-19, (Glamis no. 2) di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glamis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glamis (halaman belum tersedia)">Glamis</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Máel Coluim meninggal pada tahun 1034, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marianus_Scotus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marianus Scotus (halaman belum tersedia)">Marianus Scotus</a> memberikan tanggal 25 November 1034. Di dalam daftar raja dinyatakan bahwa ia meninggal di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glamis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glamis (halaman belum tersedia)">Glamis</a>, dengan beberapa yang menggambarkannya sebagai seorang raja yang "paling mulia" atau "paling berjaya". Sejarah Tigernach melaporkan bahwa "Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, raja Skotlandia, yang terhormat dari seluruh barat Eropa, telah tiada." Nubuatan Berchán, yang mungkin merupakan inspirasi bagi John dari catatan-catatan Fordun dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrew_dari_Wyntoun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrew dari Wyntoun (halaman belum tersedia)">Andrew dari Wyntoun</a> dimana Máel Coluim dibunuh ketika melawan bandit-bandit, menyatakan bahwa ia meninggal karena kekerasan, melawan "pembunuhan", yang diduga adalah putra-putra Máel Brigte dari Moray.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mungkin ciri Máel Coluim yang paling menonjol adalah catatan Marianus, yang sesuai dengan sejarah Irlandia, yang menyatakan bahwa <a href="/wiki/Donnchadh_I" title="Donnchadh I">Donnchadh I</a> menjadi raja dan memerintah selama lima tahun sembilan bulan. Mengingat bahwa kematiannya pada tahun 1040 digambarkan sebagai "pada usia yang belum dewasa" di dalam Sejarah Tigernach, ia pasti seorang pemuda pada tahun 1034. Tidak adanya pertentangan yang menunjukkan bahwa Máel Coluim benar-benar menghadapi kemungkinan oposisi di negaranya sendiri seumur hidupnya.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tradisi yang berasal dari zaman Fordun jika tidak sebelumnya, mengetahui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batu_Piktis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batu Piktis (halaman belum tersedia)">Batu Piktis</a> yang sekarang disebut "Glamis 2" sebagai "Batu nisan Raja Máel Coluim". Batu itu adalah batu Kelas II, yang rupanya dibentuk dengan menggunakan kembali batu dari <a href="/wiki/Zaman_Perunggu" title="Zaman Perunggu">Zaman Perunggu</a>. Tanggalnya tidak jelas, dengan tanggal dari abad ke-8 dan seterusnya telah diusulkan. Sementara lebih disukai tanggal yang lebih awal, sebuah asosiasi dengan akun-akun Máel Coluim diajukan atas dasar ukiran ikonografi.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pertanyaan mengenai ziarah pemberantasan Máel Coluim, ziarah ke Roma, atau perjalanan jarak jauh lainnya, jauh dari tidak biasanya. Torfinn Sigurdsson, Knut dan MacBheatha telah disebutkan. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ragnvald_Orkn%C3%B8yjarl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ragnvald Orknøyjarl (halaman belum tersedia)">Ragnvald Orknøyjarl</a> dikenal melakukan perang salib di <a href="/wiki/Laut_Tengah" title="Laut Tengah">Laut Tengah</a> pada abad ke-12. Hampir pada waktunya, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyfnwal_ab_Owain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dyfnwal ab Owain (halaman belum tersedia)">Dyfnwal ab Owain</a> meninggal di dalam perjalanan ziarah ke Roma pada tahun 975 seperti yang dilakukan Máel Ruanaid uá Máele Doraid, Raja <a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_N%C3%A9ill_Utara" title="Uí Néill Utara">Uí Néill Utara</a>, pada tahun 1025. </p><p>Tidak banyak yang diketahui mengenai aktivitas Máel Coluim di luar perang dan pembunuhan. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leabhar_Dh%C3%A8ir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leabhar Dhèir (halaman belum tersedia)">Leabhar Dhèir</a> mencatat bahwa Máel Coluim "memberi iuran kepada raja di Biffie dan Pett Meic-Gobraig, dan dua davoch" ke biara <a href="/w/index.php?title=Auld_Deer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Auld Deer (halaman belum tersedia)">Dèir</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ia juga mungkin bukan pendiri Keuskupan Mortlach-Aberdeen. John dari Fordun memiliki kisah aneh untuk diceritakan, terkait dengan "Hukum Máel Coluim MacKenneth", yang mengatakan bahwa Máel Coluim menyerahkan seluruh Skotlandia, kecuali untuk Bukit Moot di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sg%C3%A0in&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sgàin (halaman belum tersedia)">Scuin</a>, yang tidak memiliki dasar yang sebenarnya.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catatan">Catatan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A1el_Coluim_II&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Catatan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A1el_Coluim_II&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Catatan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Skene, <i>Chronicles</i>, pp. 99–100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Malcolm's birth date is not known, but must have been around 980 if the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flateyjarb%C3%B3k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flateyjarbók (halaman belum tersedia)">Flateyjarbók</a> is right in dating the marriage of his daughter and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigurd_Hlodvisson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sigurd Hlodvisson (halaman belum tersedia)">Sigurd Hlodvisson</a> to the lifetime of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Olaf_Tryggvason&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olaf Tryggvason (halaman belum tersedia)">Olaf Tryggvason</a>; <i>Early Sources</i>, p. 528, quoting <i>Olaf Tryggvason's Saga</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Early Sources</i>, pp. 574–575.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Higham, pp. 226–227, notes that the kings of the English had neither lands nor mints north of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=River_Tees&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="River Tees (halaman belum tersedia)">Tees</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Early Sources</i>, pp. 517–518. John of Fordun has Malcolm as the killer; Duncan, p. 46, credits <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cin%C3%A1ed_mac_Duib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cináed mac Duib (halaman belum tersedia)">Kenneth MacDuff</a> with the death of Constantine.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chronicon_Scotorum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chronicon Scotorum (halaman belum tersedia)">Chronicon Scotorum</a>, s.a. 1005; <i>Early Sources</i>, pp. 521–524; Fordun, IV, xxxviii. Berchán places Cináed's death by the Earn.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Early Sources</i>, p. 525, note 1; Fordun, IV, xxxix–xl.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1. BETHOC [Beatrix Beatrice Betoch] "Genealogy of King William the Lyon" dated 1175 names "Betoch filii Malcolmi" as parent of "Malcolmi filii Dunecani". The Chronicle of the Scots and Picts dated 1177 names "Cran Abbatis de Dunkelden et Bethok filia Malcolm mac Kynnet" as parents of King Duncan. source Beatrice who married Crynyne Abthane of Dul and Steward of the Isles 2. DONADA [Dovada Duada Doada Donalda] R alph Holinshed's 1577 Chronicle of Scotland names "Doada" as second daughter of Malcolm II King of Scotland and adds that she married "Sinell the thane of Glammis, by whom she had issue one Makbeth". 3. OLITH [Alice Olith Anlite] Orkneyinga Saga records that "Earl Sigurd" married "the daughter of Malcolm King of Scots". Snorre records the marriage of "Sigurd the Thick" and "a daughter of the Scottish king Malcolm". Ulster journal of archaeology, Volume 6 By Ulster Archaeological Society names her as (Alice) wife of Sygurt and daughter of Malcolm II. The American historical magazine, Volume 2 By Publishing Society of New York, Americana Society pg 529 names her Olith or Alice.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Duncan, pp. 27–28; Smyth, pp. 236–237; Annals of Ulster, s.a. 1006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Duncan, pp. 28–29 suggests that Earl Uchtred may not have died until 1018. Fletcher accepts that he died in Spring 1016 and the Eadwulf Cudel was Earl of Bernicia when Carham was fought in 1018; Higham, pp. 225–230, agrees. Smyth, pp. 236–237 reserves judgement as to the date of the battle, 1016 or 1018, and whether Uchtred was still living when it was fought. See also Stenton, pp. 418–419.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Early Sources</i>, p. 544, note 6; Higham, pp. 226–227.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ASC, Ms D, E and F; Duncan, pp. 29–30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Early Sources</i>, pp. 545–546.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ralph was writing in 1030 or 1031; Duncan, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Duncan, pp. 31–32; the alternative, he notes, that Cnut was concerned about support for <a href="/wiki/Olaf_II_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Olaf II of Norway">Olaf Haraldsson</a>, "is no better evidenced."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Duncan, pp. 29–30. <i>St. Olaf's Saga</i>, c. 131 says "two kings came south from Fife in Scotland" to meet Cnut, suggesting only Máel Coluim and MacBheatha, and that Cnut returned their lands and gave them gifts. That Echmarcach was king of Galloway is perhaps doubtful; the Annals of Ulster record the death of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suibne_mac_Cin%C3%A1eda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suibne mac Cináeda (halaman belum tersedia)">Suibne mac Cináeda</a>, <i>rí Gall-Gáedel</i> ("King of Galloway") by Tigernach, in 1034.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ASC, Ms. D, s.a. 1031.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Early Sources</i>, p. 528; <i>Orkneyinga Saga</i>, c. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Orkneyinga Saga</i>, cc. 13–20 & 32; <i>St. Olaf's Saga</i>, c. 96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Duncan, p.42; reconciling the various dates of Thorfinn's life appears impossible on the face of it. Either he was born well before 1009 and must have died long before 1065, or the accounts in the <i>Orkneyinga Saga</i> are deeply flawed.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Annals_of_Tigernach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Annals of Tigernach (halaman belum tersedia)">Annals of Tigernach</a>, s.a. 1020; Annals of Ulster, s.a. 1020, but the killers are not named. The Annals of Ulster and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Leinster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Book of Leinster (halaman belum tersedia)">Book of Leinster</a> call Findláech "king of Scotland".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Annals of Ulster and Annals of Tigernach, s.a. 1029. Malcolm's death is not said to have been by violence and he too is called king rather than mormaer.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Duncan, pp. 29–30, 32–33 and compare Hudson, <i>Prophecy of Berchán</i>, pp. 222–223. <i>Early Sources</i>, p.571; Annals of Ulster, s.a. 1032 & 1033; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Annals_of_Loch_C%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Annals of Loch Cé (halaman belum tersedia)">Annals of Loch Cé</a>, s.a. 1029 & 1033. The identity of the <i>M. m. Boite</i> killed in 1033 is uncertain, being reading as "the son of the son of Boite" or as "M. son of Boite", Gruoch's brother or nephew respectively.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Duncan, pp. 29 and 37–41; Oram, <i>David I</i>, pp. 19–21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Early Sources</i>, p. 546; Duncan, pp. 30–31, understands Raoul Glaber as meaning that Duke Richard was godfather to a son of Cnut and Emma.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Annals of Ulster and Annals of Loch Cé, s.a. 1027.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hudson, pp. 224–225 discusses the question and the reliability of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrew_of_Wyntoun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrew of Wyntoun (halaman belum tersedia)">Andrew of Wyntoun</a>'s chronicle, on which this rests.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Early Sources</i>, pp. 572–575; Duncan, pp. 33–34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Duncan, pp. 32–33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLaing2001" class="citation">Laing, Lloyd (2001), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/PSAS_2002/pdf/vol_131/131_223_239.pdf">"The date and context of the Glamis, Angus, carved Pictish stones"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>, <i>Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland</i>, Edinburgh, <b>131</b>: 223–239</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Society+of+Antiquaries+of+Scotland&rft.atitle=The+date+and+context+of+the+Glamis%2C+Angus%2C+carved+Pictish+stones&rft.volume=131&rft.pages=223-239&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Laing&rft.aufirst=Lloyd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fads.ahds.ac.uk%2Fcatalogue%2Fadsdata%2FPSAS_2002%2Fpdf%2Fvol_131%2F131_223_239.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%A1el+Coluim+II" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gaelic Notes in the Book of Deer.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fordun, IV, xliii and Skene's notes; Duncan, p. 150; Barrow, <i>Kingdom of the Scots</i>, p. 39.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A1el_Coluim_II&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A1el_Coluim_II&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Untuk sumber pertama lihat pula </i> <b>Pranala luar</b> <i>di bawah ini.</i> </p> <div style="font-size: 90%"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Orr_Anderson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan Orr Anderson (halaman belum tersedia)">Anderson, Alan Orr</a>, <i>Early Sources of Scottish History A.D. 500–1286</i>, volume 1. Reprinted with corrections. Paul Watkins, Stamford, 1990. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1871615038" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-871615-03-8</a></li> <li>Anon., <i>Orkneyinga Saga: The History of the Earls of Orkney</i>, tr. Hermann Pálsson and Paul Edwards. Penguin, London, 1978. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0140443835" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-14-044383-5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geoffrey_Barrow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geoffrey Barrow (halaman belum tersedia)">Barrow, G.W.S.</a>, <i>The Kingdom of the Scots.</i> Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 2003. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0748618031" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7486-1803-1</a></li> <li>Clarkson, Tim, <i>Strathclyde and the Anglo-Saxons in the Viking Age</i>, Birlinn, Edinburgh, 2014, <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9781906566784" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9781906566784</a></li> <li>Duncan, A.A.M., <i>The Kingship of the Scots 842–1292: Succession and Independence.</i> Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 2002. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0748616268" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7486-1626-8</a></li> <li>Fletcher, Richard, <i>Bloodfeud: Murder and Revenge in Anglo-Saxon England.</i> Penguin, London, 2002. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0140286926" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-14-028692-6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_of_Fordun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John of Fordun (halaman belum tersedia)">John of Fordun</a>, <i>Chronicle of the Scottish Nation</i>, ed. <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Forbes_Skene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Forbes Skene (halaman belum tersedia)">William Forbes Skene</a>, tr. Felix J.H. Skene, 2 vols. Reprinted, Llanerch Press, Lampeter, 1993. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/189785305X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-897853-05-X</a></li> <li>Higham, N.J., <i>The Kingdom of Northumbria AD 350–1100.</i> Sutton, Stroud, 1993. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0862997305" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-86299-730-5</a></li> <li>Hudson, Benjamin T., <i>The Prophecy of Berchán: Irish and Scottish High-Kings of the Early Middle Ages.</i> Greenwood, London, 1996.</li> <li>Smyth, Alfred P. <i>Warlords and Holy Men: Scotland AD 80–1000.</i> Reprinted, Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP, 1998. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0748601007" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7486-0100-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Stenton" title="Frank Stenton">Stenton, Sir Frank</a>, <i>Anglo-Saxon England.</i> 3rd edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1971 <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0192801392" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-280139-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snorri_Sturluson" title="Snorri Sturluson">Sturluson, Snorri</a>, <i>Heimskringla: History of the Kings of Norway</i>, tr. Lee M. Hollander. Reprinted University of Texas Press, Austin, 1992. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0292730616" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-292-73061-6</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A1el_Coluim_II&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A1el_Coluim_II&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://celt.ucc.ie/index.html">CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_College_Cork&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University College Cork (halaman belum tersedia)">University College Cork</a> includes the <i>Annals of Ulster</i>, <i>Tigernach</i>, <i>the Four Masters</i> and <i>Innisfallen</i>, the <i>Chronicon Scotorum</i>, the <i>Lebor Bretnach</i> (which includes the <i>Duan Albanach</i>), Genealogies, and various Saints' Lives. Most are translated into English, or translations are in progress.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldwideschool.org/library/catalogs/bysubject-hst-european-Heimskringla.html">Heimskringla</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19990125104610/http://www.worldwideschool.org/">Diarsipkan</a> 1999-01-25 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldwideschool.org/">World Wide School</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northvegr.org/misc%20primary%20sources/icelandic%20sagas%20vol%203/titles.html">"icelandic sagas"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303171026/http://www.northvegr.org/misc%20primary%20sources/icelandic%20sagas%20vol%203/titles.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2016-03-03 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northvegr.org/">Northvegr</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jebbo.home.texas.net/asc/e/e-L.html">Anglo-Saxon Chronicle</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060515025026/http://jebbo.home.texas.net/asc/e/e-L.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2006-05-15 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. an XML edition by Tony Jebson (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://omacl.org/Anglo/">translation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060421183735/http://omacl.org/Anglo/">Diarsipkan</a> 2006-04-21 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. at OMACL)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/history/articles/malcolm_ii/">Malcolm II, King of Alba 1005 – 1034</a>. Scotland's History. BBC.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="background: #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Máel Coluim II </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/Wangsa_Alpin" title="Wangsa Alpin">Wangsa Alpin</a> </b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Lahir:</b> skt. 980 </span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Meninggal:</b> 25 November 1034</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Gelar </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1">Didahului oleh:<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coinneach_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coinneach III (halaman belum tersedia)">Coinneach III</a></span> </td> <td width="40%" style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b><a href="/wiki/Daftar_penguasa_Skotlandia" title="Daftar penguasa Skotlandia">Raja Skot</a></b><br />1005–1034 </td> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1">Diteruskan oleh:<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Donnchadh_I" title="Donnchadh I">Donnchadh I</a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Máel_Coluim_II&oldid=22458395">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Máel_Coluim_II&oldid=22458395</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Daftar_kategori" title="Istimewa:Daftar kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kematian_1034" title="Kategori:Kematian 1034">Kematian 1034</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Wangsa_Alpin" title="Kategori:Wangsa Alpin">Wangsa Alpin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kelahiran_954" title="Kategori:Kelahiran 954">Kelahiran 954</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Templat_webarchive_tautan_wayback" title="Kategori:Templat webarchive tautan wayback">Templat webarchive tautan wayback</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Halaman_yang_menggunakan_pranala_magis_ISBN" title="Kategori:Halaman yang menggunakan pranala magis ISBN">Halaman yang menggunakan pranala magis ISBN</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Halaman ini terakhir diubah pada 24 Desember 2022, pukul 08.48.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks tersedia di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Lisensi Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa Creative Commons</a>; ketentuan tambahan mungkin berlaku. 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