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<span>Description</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Description-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Description subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chemistry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chemistry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Chemistry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chemistry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taxonomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxonomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Taxonomy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taxonomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultivation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultivation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Cultivation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultivation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cultivation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cultivation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Propagation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Propagation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Propagation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Propagation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pests_and_diseases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pests_and_diseases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Pests and diseases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pests_and_diseases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultivars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultivars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Cultivars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultivars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Storage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Storage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Storage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nutrition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nutrition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Nutrition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nutrition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culinary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culinary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Culinary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culinary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>In culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Carrot</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 129 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-129" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">129 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%AE%E1%89%B5" title="ካሮት – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ካሮት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wealhmoru" title="Wealhmoru – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Wealhmoru" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%B1" title="جزر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جزر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BA%D5%B2%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Ստեպղին – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ստեպղին" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morcuvu" title="Morcuvu – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Morcuvu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rikarot" title="Rikarot – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Rikarot" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wortel" title="Wortel – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Wortel" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B0" title="গাজর – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গাজর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82ng-chh%C3%A0i-th%C3%A2u" title="Âng-chhài-thâu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Âng-chhài-thâu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Кишер – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Кишер" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Морква пасяўная – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Морква пасяўная" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0" title="गाजर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="गाजर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karot" title="Karot – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Karot" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gejbe_Ruam" title="Gejbe Ruam – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Gejbe Ruam" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="ལབ་སེར། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ལབ་སེར།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mrkva" title="Mrkva – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mrkva" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karotez" title="Karotez – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Karotez" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastanaga" title="Pastanaga – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pastanaga" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%88%C4%95%D1%80" title="Пахчари кишĕр – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пахчари кишĕр" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makarotsi" title="Makarotsi – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Makarotsi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moronen" title="Moronen – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Moronen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulerod" title="Gulerod – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gulerod" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karotte" title="Karotte – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Karotte" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%86%DE%AC%DE%83%DE%AC%DE%93%DE%B0" title="ކެރެޓް – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ކެރެޓް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porgand" title="Porgand – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Porgand" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%BF" title="Καρότο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καρότο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanahoria" title="Zanahoria – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Zanahoria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karoto" title="Karoto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Karoto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azenario" title="Azenario – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Azenario" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AC" title="هویج – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هویج" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carotte" title="Carotte – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Carotte" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cair%C3%A9ad" title="Cairéad – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cairéad" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carradje" title="Carradje – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Carradje" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cenoria" title="Cenoria – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cenoria" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B9ng-chhoi-th%C3%A8u" title="Fùng-chhoi-thèu – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Fùng-chhoi-thèu" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%B9%EA%B7%BC" title="당근 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="당근" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karas" title="Karas – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Karas" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0" title="गाजर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गाजर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zahrodna_morchej" title="Zahrodna morchej – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Zahrodna morchej" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitoma_mrkva" title="Pitoma mrkva – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pitoma mrkva" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wortel" title="Wortel – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wortel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8B" title="Уырыдзы – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Уырыдзы" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umnqathe" title="Umnqathe – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Umnqathe" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izaqathe" title="Izaqathe – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Izaqathe" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%96%D7%A8" title="גזר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גזר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wortel_jangan" title="Wortel jangan – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wortel jangan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaar%C9%94%C9%94t%C9%A9" title="Kaarɔɔtɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kaarɔɔtɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕ್ಯಾರಟ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕ್ಯಾರಟ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikaroti" title="Ikaroti – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ikaroti" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikaroti" title="Ikaroti – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Ikaroti" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karoti" title="Karoti – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Karoti" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaw%C3%B2t" title="Kawòt – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kawòt" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B7" title="Сабиз – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Сабиз" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safan%C3%B3rya" title="Safanórya – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Safanórya" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%83%D1%80" title="Къур – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Къур" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%9C%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87" title="ຫົວຜັກກາດເຫຼືອງ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຫົວຜັກກາດເຫຼືອງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carota_(holus_radicale)" title="Carota (holus radicale) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Carota (holus radicale)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burk%C4%81ns" title="Burkāns – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Burkāns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muert" title="Muert – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Muert" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valgomoji_morka" title="Valgomoji morka – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Valgomoji morka" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car%C3%B2ttoa" title="Caròttoa – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Caròttoa" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moe%C3%ABr_(greunte)" title="Moeër (greunte) – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Moeër (greunte)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/najgenja" title="najgenja – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="najgenja" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1rgar%C3%A9pa" title="Sárgarépa – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sárgarépa" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Морков – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Морков" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaoty" title="Karaoty – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Karaoty" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="കാരറ്റ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാരറ്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0" title="गाजर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="गाजर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87" title="اجاره – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اجاره" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobak_merah" title="Lobak merah – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lobak merah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%96%EA%AF%94" title="ꯒꯖꯔ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯒꯖꯔ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wortel" title="Wortel – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Wortel" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88%CC%A4ng-ch%C3%A1i-t%C3%A0u" title="È̤ng-chái-tàu – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="È̤ng-chái-tàu" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8C%D1%85%D0%BA%D1%8F" title="Пурьхкя – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Пурьхкя" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лууван – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Лууван" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kareti" title="Kareti – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Kareti" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wortel_(groente)" title="Wortel (groente) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wortel (groente)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B8%E3%83%B3" title="ニンジン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニンジン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wochel" title="Wochel – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Wochel" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulrot" title="Gulrot – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gulrot" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%B0" title="ଗାଜର – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଗାଜର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geshir" title="Geshir – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Geshir" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B0" title="ਗਾਜਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗਾਜਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelbe_R%C3%BCbe" title="Gelbe Rübe – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Gelbe Rübe" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B1" title="گاجر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گاجر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%A7%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Гӧрдкушман – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Гӧрдкушман" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%8F" title="ការ៉ុត – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ការ៉ុត" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carotte" title="Carotte – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Carotte" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marchew_uprawna" title="Marchew uprawna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Marchew uprawna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cenoura" title="Cenoura – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cenoura" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geshir" title="Geshir – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Geshir" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morcov" title="Morcov – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Morcov" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C" title="Морковь – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Морковь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/ninzin" title="ninzin – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="ninzin" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taloti" title="Taloti – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Taloti" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%9E%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="गृञ्जनकम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="गृञ्जनकम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B1" title="گاجر – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="گاجر" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fostinaja" title="Fostinaja – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Fostinaja" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrot" title="Carrot – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Carrot" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karota" title="Karota – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Karota" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrot" title="Carrot – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Carrot" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navadno_korenje" title="Navadno korenje – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Navadno korenje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaaroot" title="Kaaroot – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Kaaroot" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8E%D8%B2%DB%95%D8%B1" title="گێزەر – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گێزەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Шаргарепа – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Шаргарепа" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mrkva" title="Mrkva – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mrkva" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morot" title="Morot – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Morot" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF" title="மஞ்சள் முள்ளங்கி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மஞ்சள் முள்ளங்கி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D" title="కారెట్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కారెట్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%95" title="แคร์รอต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แคร์รอต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%AE%E1%89%B2" title="ካሮቲ – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ካሮቲ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B7%D3%A3" title="Сабзӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Сабзӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anon%C3%A9vee%27tose_(%C3%A9nano%27%C3%A9m%C3%A2ht%C3%A1me)" title="Anonévee'tose (énano'émâhtáme) – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Anonévee'tose (énano'émâhtáme)" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF" title="ಗಜ್ಜರಿ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಗಜ್ಜರಿ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Морква – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Морква" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B1" title="گاجر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گاجر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%DB%8B%D8%B2%DB%95" title="سەۋزە – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="سەۋزە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauxbaeghoengz" title="Lauxbaeghoengz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Lauxbaeghoengz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A0_r%E1%BB%91t" title="Cà rốt – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cà rốt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B5rgnas" title="Põrgnas – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Põrgnas" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raecene_(miere_plante)" title="Raecene (miere plante) – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Raecene (miere plante)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karot" title="Karot – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Karot" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E8%90%9D%E5%8D%9C" title="胡萝卜 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="胡萝卜" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E8%98%BF%E8%94%94" title="紅蘿蔔 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="紅蘿蔔" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muorks" title="Muorks – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Muorks" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E8%90%9D%E5%8D%9C" title="胡萝卜 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="胡萝卜" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bortol" title="Bortol – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Bortol" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wortel" title="Wortel – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Wortel" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mos mw-list-item"><a href="https://mos.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karota-ramba" title="Karota-ramba – Mossi" lang="mos" hreflang="mos" data-title="Karota-ramba" data-language-autonym="Moore" data-language-local-name="Mossi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Moore</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Root vegetable</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the cultivated vegetable. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Carrot_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Carrot (disambiguation)">Carrot (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Karat" class="mw-redirect" title="Karat">karat</a> or <a href="/wiki/Caret" title="Caret">caret</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Carrot </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Vegetable-Carrot-Bundle-wStalks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Vegetable-Carrot-Bundle-wStalks.jpg/220px-Vegetable-Carrot-Bundle-wStalks.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Vegetable-Carrot-Bundle-wStalks.jpg/330px-Vegetable-Carrot-Bundle-wStalks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Vegetable-Carrot-Bundle-wStalks.jpg/440px-Vegetable-Carrot-Bundle-wStalks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6700" data-file-height="3800" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Daucus" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asterids" title="Asterids">Asterids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Apiales" title="Apiales">Apiales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Apiaceae" title="Apiaceae">Apiaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daucus" title="Daucus"><i>Daucus</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><a href="/wiki/Daucus_carota" title="Daucus carota">D. carota</a></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subspecies: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="subspecies"><b><i>D. c.</i> subsp. <i>sativus</i></b></div> </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Trinomial_nomenclature" title="Trinomial nomenclature">Trinomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="trinomial"><i>Daucus carota</i> subsp. <i>sativus </i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Georg_Franz_Hoffmann" title="Georg Franz Hoffmann">Hoffm.</a>) <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Sch%C3%BCbler" title="Gustav Schübler">Schübl.</a> & <a href="/wiki/George_Matthias_von_Martens" class="mw-redirect" title="George Matthias von Martens">G. Martens</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><i>Carota sativa</i> <small>(Hoffm.) Rupr.</small></li> <li><i>Daucus sativus</i> <small>(Hoffm.)</small></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p>The <b>carrot</b> (<i><a href="/wiki/Daucus_carota" title="Daucus carota">Daucus carota</a></i> subsp. <i>sativus</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Root_vegetable" title="Root vegetable">root vegetable</a>, typically orange in colour, though heirloom variants including purple, black, red, white, and yellow <a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">cultivars</a> exist, all of which are domesticated forms of the <a href="/wiki/Daucus_carota" title="Daucus carota">wild carrot</a>, <i>Daucus carota</i>, native to Europe and Southwestern Asia. The plant probably originated in <a href="/wiki/Greater_Iran" title="Greater Iran">Iran</a> and was originally cultivated for its leaves and seeds. </p><p>The carrot is a <a href="/wiki/Biennial_plant" title="Biennial plant">biennial plant</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Umbellifer" class="mw-redirect" title="Umbellifer">umbellifer</a> family, <a href="/wiki/Apiaceae" title="Apiaceae">Apiaceae</a>. World production of carrots (combined with <a href="/wiki/Turnip" title="Turnip">turnips</a>) for 2022 was 42 million <a href="/wiki/Tonnes" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonnes">tonnes</a>, led by China producing 44% of the total. </p><p>The characteristic orange colour is from <a href="/wiki/Beta-carotene" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-carotene">beta-carotene</a>, making carrots a rich source of <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_A" title="Vitamin A">vitamin A</a>. A myth that carrots help people to see in the dark was spread as propaganda in the Second World War, to account for the ability of British pilots to fight in the dark; the real explanation was the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carrot,_Juliana_Anicia_Codex.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Carrot%2C_Juliana_Anicia_Codex.jpg/220px-Carrot%2C_Juliana_Anicia_Codex.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Carrot%2C_Juliana_Anicia_Codex.jpg/330px-Carrot%2C_Juliana_Anicia_Codex.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Carrot%2C_Juliana_Anicia_Codex.jpg/440px-Carrot%2C_Juliana_Anicia_Codex.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>A depiction labeled "garden" carrot from the <a href="/wiki/Juliana_Anicia_Codex" class="mw-redirect" title="Juliana Anicia Codex">Juliana Anicia Codex</a>, a 6th-century AD <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinopolitan</a> copy of <a href="/wiki/Dioscorides" class="mw-redirect" title="Dioscorides">Dioscorides</a>' 1st-century <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> pharmacopoeia. The facing page states that "the root can be cooked and eaten."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The word is first recorded in English around 1530 and was borrowed from the <a href="/wiki/Middle_French" title="Middle French">Middle French</a> <span title="Middle French (ca. 1400-1600)-language text"><i lang="frm">carotte</i></span>, itself from the <a href="/wiki/Late_Latin" title="Late Latin">Late Latin</a> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">carōta</i></span>, from the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">ancient Greek</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">καρωτόν</span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">karōtón</i></span>), originally from the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language" title="Proto-Indo-European language">Proto-Indo-European</a> root <i><span title="Proto-Indo-European-language text" class="Unicode" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span lang="ine">*ker-</span></span></i> ('horn'), due to its horn-like shape.<sup id="cite_ref-oed_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oed-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a>, carrots (typically white at the time) were not clearly distinguished from <a href="/wiki/Parsnip" title="Parsnip">parsnips</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-oed_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oed-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word's use as a colour name in English was first recorded around 1670, originally referring to yellowish-red hair.<sup id="cite_ref-oed_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oed-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2></div> <p><i>Daucus carota</i> is a <a href="/wiki/Biennial_plant" title="Biennial plant">biennial plant</a>. In the first year, energy is stored in the <a href="/wiki/Taproot" title="Taproot">taproot</a> to enable the plant to flower in its second year.<sup id="cite_ref-RHS_Bolting_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RHS_Bolting-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Soon after <a href="/wiki/Germination" title="Germination">germination</a>, carrot seedlings show a distinct demarcation between taproot and stem: the stem is thicker and lacks lateral roots. At the upper end of the stem is the <a href="/wiki/Seed_leaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Seed leaf">seed leaf</a>. The first <a href="/wiki/True_leaves" class="mw-redirect" title="True leaves">true leaf</a> appears about 10–15 days after germination. Subsequent leaves are <a href="/wiki/Alternate_leaf#Arrangement_on_the_stem" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternate leaf">alternate</a> (with a single leaf attached to a node), <a href="/wiki/Phyllotaxis" title="Phyllotaxis">spirally arranged</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pinnation" title="Pinnation">pinnately</a> <a href="/wiki/Compound_leaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Compound leaf">compound</a>, with leaf bases sheathing the stem. As the plant grows, the bases of the seed leaves, near the taproot, are pushed apart. The stem, located just above the ground, is compressed and the <a href="/wiki/Internode_(botany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Internode (botany)">internodes</a> are not distinct. When the seed stalk elongates for flowering, the tip of the stem narrows and becomes pointed, and the stem extends upward to become a highly branched <a href="/wiki/Inflorescence" title="Inflorescence">inflorescence</a> up to 60–200 cm (20–80 in) tall.<sup id="cite_ref-Rubatsky_pp._22–28_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rubatsky_pp._22–28-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most of the taproot consists of a <a href="/wiki/Ground_tissue#Parenchyma" title="Ground tissue">pulpy</a> outer cortex (<a href="/wiki/Phloem" title="Phloem">phloem</a>) and an inner core (<a href="/wiki/Xylem" title="Xylem">xylem</a>). High-quality carrots have a large proportion of cortex compared to core. Although a completely xylem-free carrot is not possible, some cultivars have small and deeply pigmented cores; the taproot can appear to lack a core when the colour of the cortex and core are similar in intensity. Taproots are typically long and conical, although cylindrical and nearly spherical cultivars are available. The root diameter can range from <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>1 cm (<span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in) to as much as 10 cm (4 in) at the widest part. The root length ranges from 5 to 50 cm (2 to 20 in), although most are between 10 and 25 cm (4 and 10 in).<sup id="cite_ref-Rubatsky_pp._22–28_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rubatsky_pp._22–28-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Flower development begins when the flat <a href="/wiki/Meristem" title="Meristem">meristem</a> changes from producing leaves to an uplifted, conical meristem capable of producing stem elongation and a <a href="/wiki/Inflorescence" title="Inflorescence">cluster of flowers</a>. The cluster is a compound <a href="/wiki/Umbel" title="Umbel">umbel</a>, and each umbel contains several smaller umbels (umbellets). The first (primary) umbel occurs at the end of the main floral stem; smaller secondary umbels grow from the main branch, and these further branch into third, fourth, and even later-flowering umbels.<sup id="cite_ref-Rubatsky_pp._22–28_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rubatsky_pp._22–28-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A large, primary umbel can contain up to 50 umbellets, each of which may have as many as 50 flowers; subsequent umbels have fewer flowers. Individual flowers are small and white, sometimes with a light green or yellow tint. They consist of five <a href="/wiki/Petal" title="Petal">petals</a>, five <a href="/wiki/Stamen" title="Stamen">stamens</a>, and an <a href="/wiki/Leaf_shape#entire" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaf shape">entire</a> <a href="/wiki/Calyx_(botany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Calyx (botany)">calyx</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Stamen" title="Stamen">stamens</a> usually <a href="/wiki/Dehiscence_(botany)" title="Dehiscence (botany)">split</a> and fall off before the <a href="/wiki/Stigma_(botany)" title="Stigma (botany)">stigma</a> becomes receptive to receive <a href="/wiki/Pollen" title="Pollen">pollen</a>. The stamens of the brown, male, sterile flowers degenerate and shrivel before the flower fully opens. In the other type of male sterile flower, the stamens are replaced by petals, and these petals do not fall off. A nectar-containing disc is present on the upper surface of the <a href="/wiki/Carpel" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpel">carpels</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rubatsky_pp._22–28_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rubatsky_pp._22–28-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Flowers <a href="/wiki/Protandry" class="mw-redirect" title="Protandry">change sex</a> in their development, so the stamens release their pollen before the stigma of the same flower is receptive. The arrangement is centripetal, meaning the oldest flowers are near the edge and the youngest flowers are in the center. Flowers usually first open at the outer edge of the primary umbel, followed about a week later on the secondary umbels, and then in subsequent weeks in higher-order umbels.<sup id="cite_ref-Rubatsky_pp._22–28_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rubatsky_pp._22–28-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The usual flowering period of individual umbels is 7 to 10 days, so a plant can be in the process of flowering for 30–50 days. The distinctive umbels and floral <a href="/wiki/Nectar" title="Nectar">nectaries</a> attract <a href="/wiki/Pollination" title="Pollination">pollinating</a> insects. After fertilization and as seeds develop, the outer umbellets of an umbel bend inward causing the umbel shape to change from slightly convex or fairly flat to concave, and when cupped it resembles a bird's nest.<sup id="cite_ref-Rubatsky_pp._22–28_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rubatsky_pp._22–28-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fruit that develops is a <a href="/wiki/Schizocarp" title="Schizocarp">schizocarp</a> consisting of two <a href="/wiki/Mericarp" class="mw-redirect" title="Mericarp">mericarps</a>; each mericarp is a <a href="/wiki/Achene" title="Achene">true seed</a>. The paired mericarps are easily separated when they are dry. Premature separation (shattering) before harvest is undesirable because it can result in seed loss. Mature seeds are flattened on the <a href="/wiki/Commissure" title="Commissure">commissural</a> side that faced the <a href="/wiki/Septum" title="Septum">septum</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ovary_(botany)" title="Ovary (botany)">ovary</a>. The flattened side has five longitudinal ribs. The bristly hairs that protrude from some ribs are usually removed by abrasion during <a href="/wiki/Milling_(grinding)" class="mw-redirect" title="Milling (grinding)">milling</a> and cleaning. Seeds also contain oil ducts and canals. Seeds vary somewhat in size, ranging from less than 500 to more than 1000 seeds per gram.<sup id="cite_ref-Rubatsky_pp._22–28_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rubatsky_pp._22–28-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The carrot is a <a href="/wiki/Ploidy#Diploid" title="Ploidy">diploid</a> species, and has nine relatively short, uniform-length <a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">chromosomes</a> (2<i>n</i>=18).<sup id="cite_ref-Ior2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ior2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Iorizzo_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iorizzo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The genome size is estimated to be 473 mega <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">base pairs</a>, which is four times larger than <i><a href="/wiki/Arabidopsis_thaliana" title="Arabidopsis thaliana">Arabidopsis thaliana</a></i>, one-fifth the size of the maize genome, and about the same size as the rice genome.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 181.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 179.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carrots_are_up_(2634523693).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seedlings shortly after germination"><img alt="Seedlings shortly after germination" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Carrots_are_up_%282634523693%29.jpg/269px-Carrots_are_up_%282634523693%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Carrots_are_up_%282634523693%29.jpg/404px-Carrots_are_up_%282634523693%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Carrots_are_up_%282634523693%29.jpg/538px-Carrots_are_up_%282634523693%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2026" data-file-height="1695" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Seedlings shortly after germination</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 107.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 105.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Daucus_carota_flowers,_peen_%27Napoli%27_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flowers consist of five petals, five stamens, and an entire calyx."><img alt="Flowers consist of five petals, five stamens, and an entire calyx." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Daucus_carota_flowers%2C_peen_%27Napoli%27_%281%29.jpg/158px-Daucus_carota_flowers%2C_peen_%27Napoli%27_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="106" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Daucus_carota_flowers%2C_peen_%27Napoli%27_%281%29.jpg/238px-Daucus_carota_flowers%2C_peen_%27Napoli%27_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Daucus_carota_flowers%2C_peen_%27Napoli%27_%281%29.jpg/316px-Daucus_carota_flowers%2C_peen_%27Napoli%27_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="981" data-file-height="1395" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flowers consist of five petals, five stamens, and an entire calyx.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 230px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 228px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Daucus_carota_May_2008-1_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Daucus carota umbel (inflorescence). Individual flowers are borne on undivided pedicels from a common node."><img alt="Daucus carota umbel (inflorescence). Individual flowers are borne on undivided pedicels from a common node." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Daucus_carota_May_2008-1_edit.jpg/342px-Daucus_carota_May_2008-1_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="228" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Daucus_carota_May_2008-1_edit.jpg/513px-Daucus_carota_May_2008-1_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Daucus_carota_May_2008-1_edit.jpg/683px-Daucus_carota_May_2008-1_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2928" data-file-height="1929" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Daucus carota</i> umbel (inflorescence). Individual flowers are borne on undivided pedicels from a common node.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 178px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 176px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DaucusCarota.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Top view of Daucus carota inflorescence, showing umbellets; the central flower is dark red."><img alt="Top view of Daucus carota inflorescence, showing umbellets; the central flower is dark red." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/DaucusCarota.jpg/264px-DaucusCarota.jpg" decoding="async" width="176" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/DaucusCarota.jpg/397px-DaucusCarota.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/DaucusCarota.jpg/529px-DaucusCarota.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1702" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Top view of <i>Daucus carota</i> inflorescence, showing umbellets; the central flower is dark red.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 269.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 267.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carrots_at_Ljubljana_Central_Market.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Roots at market"><img alt="Roots at market" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Carrots_at_Ljubljana_Central_Market.JPG/401px-Carrots_at_Ljubljana_Central_Market.JPG" decoding="async" width="268" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Carrots_at_Ljubljana_Central_Market.JPG/603px-Carrots_at_Ljubljana_Central_Market.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Carrots_at_Ljubljana_Central_Market.JPG/803px-Carrots_at_Ljubljana_Central_Market.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="2576" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Roots at market</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chemistry">Chemistry</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BetaCarotene-3d.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/BetaCarotene-3d.png/290px-BetaCarotene-3d.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/BetaCarotene-3d.png/435px-BetaCarotene-3d.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/BetaCarotene-3d.png/580px-BetaCarotene-3d.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="255" /></a><figcaption>β-Carotene structure. <a href="/wiki/Carotene" title="Carotene">Carotene</a> is responsible for the orange colour of carrots.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Polyyne" title="Polyyne">Polyacetylenes</a> can be found in <a href="/wiki/Apiaceae" title="Apiaceae">Apiaceae</a> vegetables like carrots where they show <a href="/wiki/Cytotoxicity" title="Cytotoxicity">cytotoxic</a> activities.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Falcarinol" title="Falcarinol">Falcarinol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Falcarindiol" title="Falcarindiol">falcarindiol</a> (<i>cis</i>-heptadeca-1,9-diene-4,6-diyne-3,8-diol)<sup id="cite_ref-Garrod_1978_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garrod_1978-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are such compounds. This latter compound shows antifungal activity towards <i><a href="/wiki/Mycocentrospora_acerina" title="Mycocentrospora acerina">Mycocentrospora acerina</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Cladosporium_cladosporioides" title="Cladosporium cladosporioides">Cladosporium cladosporioides</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Garrod_1978_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garrod_1978-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Falcarindiol is the main compound responsible for bitterness in carrots.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other compounds include <a href="/wiki/Pyrrolidine" title="Pyrrolidine">pyrrolidine</a> present in the leaves<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/6-hydroxymellein" class="mw-redirect" title="6-hydroxymellein">6-hydroxymellein</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2></div> <p>Both written history and molecular genetic studies indicate that the domestic carrot has a single origin in Central Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-Ior2_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ior2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Iorizzo_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iorizzo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its wild ancestors probably originated in <a href="/wiki/Greater_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Persia">Greater Iran</a> (regions of which are now <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>), which remains the centre of diversity for the <a href="/wiki/Wild_carrot" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild carrot">wild carrot</a> <i>Daucus carota</i>. A naturally occurring <a href="/wiki/Subspecies" title="Subspecies">subspecies</a> of the wild carrot was presumably <a href="/wiki/Selective_breeding" title="Selective breeding">bred selectively</a> over the centuries to reduce bitterness, increase sweetness and minimise the woody core; this process produced the familiar garden vegetable.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultivation">Cultivation</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History">History</h3></div> <p>When first cultivated, carrots were grown for their aromatic leaves and seeds rather than their roots. Carrot seeds have been found in <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Germany" title="Southern Germany">Southern Germany</a> dating back to 2000–3000 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some close relatives of the carrot are still grown for their leaves and seeds, such as <a href="/wiki/Parsley" title="Parsley">parsley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coriander" title="Coriander">coriander</a> (cilantro), <a href="/wiki/Fennel" title="Fennel">fennel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anise" title="Anise">anise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dill" title="Dill">dill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cumin" title="Cumin">cumin</a>. The first mention of the root in classical sources is from the 1st century AD;<sup id="cite_ref-Simon_p._328_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Simon_p._328-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Romans ate a root vegetable called <i>pastinaca</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which may have been either the carrot or the closely related <a href="/wiki/Parsnip" title="Parsnip">parsnip</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The plant is depicted and described in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Roman">Eastern Roman</a> <a href="/wiki/Juliana_Anicia_Codex" class="mw-redirect" title="Juliana Anicia Codex">Juliana Anicia Codex</a>, a 6th-century AD <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinopolitan</a> copy of the Greek physician <a href="/wiki/Dioscorides" class="mw-redirect" title="Dioscorides">Dioscorides</a>' 1st-century pharmacopoeia of herbs and medicines, <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/De_Materia_Medica" class="mw-redirect" title="De Materia Medica">De Materia Medica</a></i></span>. The text states that "the root can be cooked and eaten".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another copy of this work, Codex Neapolitanes from late 6th or early 7th century, has basically the same illustrations but with roots in purple.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The plant was introduced into Spain by the <a href="/wiki/Moors" title="Moors">Moors</a> in the 8th century.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 10th century, roots from West Asia, India and Europe were purple.<sup id="cite_ref-Purple_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Purple-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The modern carrot originated in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> at about this time.<sup id="cite_ref-Simon_p._328_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Simon_p._328-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 11th-century Jewish scholar <a href="/wiki/Simeon_Seth" title="Simeon Seth">Simeon Seth</a> describes both red and yellow carrots,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as does the 12th-century Arab-<a href="/wiki/Andalusian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Andalusian people">Andalusian</a> agriculturist, <a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-%27Awwam" title="Ibn al-'Awwam">Ibn al-'Awwam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cultivated carrots appeared in China in the 12th century,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in Japan in the 16th or 17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The orange carrot was created by Dutch growers. There is pictorial evidence that the orange carrot existed at least in 512, but it is probable that it was not a stable variety until the Dutch bred the cultivar termed the "Long Orange" at the start of the 18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Greene_2012_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greene_2012-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some claim that the Dutch created the orange carrots to honor <a href="/wiki/Prince%27s_Flag" title="Prince's Flag">the Dutch flag at the time</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_the_Silent" title="William the Silent">William of Orange</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Purple_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Purple-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Economist-2018_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Economist-2018-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but other authorities argue these claims lack convincing evidence and it is possible that the orange carrot was favored by the Europeans because it does not brown the soups and stews as the purple carrot does and, as such, was more visually attractive.<sup id="cite_ref-Greene_2012_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greene_2012-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Modern carrots were described at about this time by the English <a href="/wiki/Antiquary" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiquary">antiquary</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Aubrey" title="John Aubrey">John Aubrey</a> (1626–1697): "Carrots were first sown at Beckington in Somersetshire. Some very old Man there [in 1668] did remember their first bringing hither."<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> European settlers introduced the carrot to <a href="/wiki/Colonial_america" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonial america">colonial America</a> in the 17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Outwardly purple carrots, still orange on the inside, were sold in British stores beginning in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-Purple_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Purple-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Propagation">Propagation</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harvesting_carrots.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Harvesting_carrots.jpg/220px-Harvesting_carrots.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Harvesting_carrots.jpg/330px-Harvesting_carrots.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Harvesting_carrots.jpg/440px-Harvesting_carrots.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="4051" /></a><figcaption>Workers harvesting carrots by hand, <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Valley" title="Imperial Valley">Imperial Valley</a>, California, 1948</figcaption></figure> <p>Carrots are grown from seed and can take up to four months (120 days) to mature, but most cultivars mature within 70 to 80 days under the right conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-Rodale's_Organic_Life_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rodale's_Organic_Life-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They grow best in full sun but tolerate some shade.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The optimum temperature is 16 to 21 °C (61 to 70 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ideal soil is deep, loose and well-drained, sandy or loamy, with a <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> of 6.3 to 6.8.<sup id="cite_ref-Cunningham_2000_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cunningham_2000-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fertilizer should be applied according to soil type because the crop requires low levels of nitrogen, moderate phosphate and high potash. Rich or rocky soils should be avoided, as these will cause the roots to become hairy and/or misshapen.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Irrigation is applied when needed to keep the soil moist. After sprouting, the crop is eventually thinned to a spacing of 8 to 10 cm (3 to 4 in) and weeded to prevent competition beneath the soil.<sup id="cite_ref-Rodale's_Organic_Life_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rodale's_Organic_Life-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DAFF_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DAFF-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pests_and_diseases">Pests and diseases</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_carrot_diseases" title="List of carrot diseases">List of carrot diseases</a></div> <p>There are several diseases that can reduce the yield and <a href="/wiki/Market_value" title="Market value">market value</a> of carrots. The most devastating carrot disease is <i><a href="/wiki/Alternaria" title="Alternaria">Alternaria</a></i> leaf blight, which has been known to eradicate entire crops. A bacterial leaf blight caused by <i><a href="/wiki/Xanthomonas_campestris" title="Xanthomonas campestris">Xanthomonas campestris</a></i> can also be destructive in warm, humid areas. Root knot nematodes (<i><a href="/wiki/Meloidogyne" class="mw-redirect" title="Meloidogyne">Meloidogyne</a></i> species) can cause stubby or forked roots, or <a href="/wiki/Gall" title="Gall">galls</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Fungicide_use_in_the_United_States#Cavity_spot" title="Fungicide use in the United States">Cavity spot</a>, caused by the <a href="/wiki/Oomycete" title="Oomycete">oomycetes</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Pythium_violae" title="Pythium violae">Pythium violae</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Pythium_sulcatum" title="Pythium sulcatum">Pythium sulcatum</a></i>, results in irregularly shaped, depressed lesions on the taproots.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Physical damage can also reduce the value of carrot crops. The two main forms of damage are splitting, whereby a longitudinal crack develops during growth that can be a few centimetres to the entire length of the root, and breaking, which occurs postharvest. These disorders can affect over 30% of commercial crops. Factors associated with high levels of splitting include wide plant spacing, early sowing, lengthy growth durations, and <a href="/wiki/Genotype" title="Genotype">genotype</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Carrots can be good companions for other plants; if left to flower, the carrot, like any <a href="/wiki/Umbellifer" class="mw-redirect" title="Umbellifer">umbellifer</a>, attracts predatory wasps that kill many garden pests.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultivars">Cultivars</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carrot_seeds.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Carrot_seeds.jpg/220px-Carrot_seeds.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Carrot_seeds.jpg/330px-Carrot_seeds.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Carrot_seeds.jpg/440px-Carrot_seeds.jpg 2x" data-file-width="735" data-file-height="536" /></a><figcaption>Carrot seeds</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Daucus_carota_subsp._maximus_MHNT.BOT.2007.40.407.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Daucus_carota_subsp._maximus_MHNT.BOT.2007.40.407.jpg/220px-Daucus_carota_subsp._maximus_MHNT.BOT.2007.40.407.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Daucus_carota_subsp._maximus_MHNT.BOT.2007.40.407.jpg/330px-Daucus_carota_subsp._maximus_MHNT.BOT.2007.40.407.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Daucus_carota_subsp._maximus_MHNT.BOT.2007.40.407.jpg/440px-Daucus_carota_subsp._maximus_MHNT.BOT.2007.40.407.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4028" data-file-height="2946" /></a><figcaption>Seeds of <i>Daucus carota subsp. maximus</i> – <a href="/wiki/MHNT" class="mw-redirect" title="MHNT">MHNT</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>Carrot <a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">cultivars</a> can be grouped into two broad classes: "Eastern" carrots and "Western" carrots.<sup id="cite_ref-Grubben_2004_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grubben_2004-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A number of novelty cultivars have been bred for particular characteristics.<sup id="cite_ref-Ior2_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ior2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Iorizzo_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iorizzo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"Eastern" (a European and American continent reference) carrots were domesticated in Persia (probably in the lands of modern-day <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> within West Asia) during the 10th century, or possibly earlier. Specimens of the Eastern carrot that survive to the present day are commonly purple or yellow, and often have branched roots. The purple colour common in these carrots comes from <a href="/wiki/Anthocyanin" title="Anthocyanin">anthocyanin</a> pigments.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kintoki_ninjin_by_titanium22_in_Nishiki_Ichiba,_Kyoto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Kintoki_ninjin_by_titanium22_in_Nishiki_Ichiba%2C_Kyoto.jpg/220px-Kintoki_ninjin_by_titanium22_in_Nishiki_Ichiba%2C_Kyoto.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Kintoki_ninjin_by_titanium22_in_Nishiki_Ichiba%2C_Kyoto.jpg/330px-Kintoki_ninjin_by_titanium22_in_Nishiki_Ichiba%2C_Kyoto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Kintoki_ninjin_by_titanium22_in_Nishiki_Ichiba%2C_Kyoto.jpg/440px-Kintoki_ninjin_by_titanium22_in_Nishiki_Ichiba%2C_Kyoto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kyoyasai" title="Kyoyasai">Kintoki carrots</a>, a Japanese cultivar from <a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Prefecture" title="Kyoto Prefecture">Kyoto Prefecture</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The "Western" carrot emerged in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> in the 16th or 17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a popular belief that its orange colour made it popular in those countries as an emblem of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Orange" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Orange">House of Orange</a> and the struggle for <a href="/wiki/Dutch_independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch independence">Dutch independence</a>, although there is little evidence for this beyond oral tradition and the timing.<sup id="cite_ref-Greene_2012_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greene_2012-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Economist-2018_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Economist-2018-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Western carrot cultivars are commonly classified by their root shape. The four general types are: </p> <ul><li>Chantenay. Although the roots are shorter than other cultivars, they have vigorous foliage and greater girth, being broad in the shoulders and tapering towards a blunt, rounded tip. They store well, have a pale core, and are mostly used for processing.<sup id="cite_ref-DAFF_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DAFF-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Danvers. These have strong foliage, and the roots are longer than Chantenay types, and they have a conical shape with a well-defined shoulder, tapering to a point. They are somewhat shorter than Imperator cultivars, but more tolerant of heavy soil conditions. Danvers cultivars store well and are used both fresh and for processing.<sup id="cite_ref-DAFF_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DAFF-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were developed in 1871 in <a href="/wiki/Danvers,_Massachusetts" title="Danvers, Massachusetts">Danvers, Massachusetts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Imperator. This cultivar has vigorous foliage, is of high sugar content, and has long and slender roots, tapering to a pointed tip. Imperator types are the most widely cultivated by commercial growers.<sup id="cite_ref-DAFF_39-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DAFF-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Nantes. These have sparse foliage, are cylindrical, short with a blunter tip than Imperator types, and attain high yields in a range of conditions. The skin is easily damaged and the core is deeply pigmented. They are brittle, high in sugar, and store less well than other types.<sup id="cite_ref-DAFF_39-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DAFF-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Plant_breeding" title="Plant breeding">Breeding programs</a> have developed new cultivars to have dense amounts of chemically-stable <a href="/wiki/Acylation" title="Acylation">acylated pigments</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Anthocyanin" title="Anthocyanin">anthocyanins</a>, which can produce different colours.<sup id="cite_ref-Ior2_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ior2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Iorizzo_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iorizzo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One particular cultivar lacks the usual orange pigment due to carotene, owing its white colour to a <a href="/wiki/Recessive_gene" class="mw-redirect" title="Recessive gene">recessive gene</a> for <a href="/wiki/Tocopherol" title="Tocopherol">tocopherol</a> (vitamin E), but this cultivar and wild carrots do not provide nutritionally significant amounts of vitamin E.<sup id="cite_ref-luby_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-luby-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; width:12em; text-align:center;"> <caption>Carrot production<br /><small>2022, millions of tonnes</small><br /> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td> <td>18.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></td> <td>3.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td> <td>1.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td> <td>1.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td> <td>0.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> <td>0.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td>0.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>World</b></td> <td><b>42.2</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><small>Source: <a href="/wiki/FAOSTAT" class="mw-redirect" title="FAOSTAT">FAOSTAT</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></small><sup id="cite_ref-faostat_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faostat-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Storage">Storage</h3></div> <p>Carrots can be stored for several months in the refrigerator or over winter in a cool dry place. For long term storage, unwashed carrots can be placed in a bucket between dry layers of sand, a 50/50 mix of sand and wood shavings, or in soil. A temperature range of 0 to 4 °C (32 to 40 °F) and 90–95% humidity is best.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During storage, carrots may be subject to the development of bitterness, white blush, and browning, leading to carrot losses.<sup id="cite_ref-papoutsis2021_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-papoutsis2021-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bitterness can be prevented by storage in well-ventilated rooms with low <a href="/wiki/Ethylene" title="Ethylene">ethylene</a> content (for example, without ethylene-producing fruit and vegetables). White blush and browning can be countered with application of edible films, heat treatment, application of <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_sulfide" title="Hydrogen sulfide">hydrogen sulfide</a>, and ultraviolet irradiation.<sup id="cite_ref-papoutsis2021_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-papoutsis2021-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Production">Production</h3></div> <p>In 2022, world production of carrots (combined with <a href="/wiki/Turnips" class="mw-redirect" title="Turnips">turnips</a>) was 42 million <a href="/wiki/Tonnes" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonnes">tonnes</a>, led by China with 44% of the total. Uzbekistan, the United States, and Russia were the only other countries producing over 1 million tonnes annually (table). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nutrition">Nutrition</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowrap"><caption class="infobox-title" style="white-space:normal; padding-bottom:0.15em;">Carrots, raw</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">Energy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">173 kJ (41 kcal)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">Carbohydrates</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">9.6 g</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">Sugars</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">4.7 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">Dietary fiber</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">2.8 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">0.24 g</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">Protein</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">0.93 g</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; ;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Vitamins and minerals</div></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">Vitamins</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_A" title="Vitamin A">Vitamin A equiv.</a><div style="padding-left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Beta-Carotene" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-Carotene">beta-Carotene</a></div><div style="padding-left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Lutein" title="Lutein">lutein</a> <a href="/wiki/Zeaxanthin" title="Zeaxanthin">zeaxanthin</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">93%</div> 835 μg<div style="padding-left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;"><div style="float: right;">77%</div>8285 μg</div><div style="padding-left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;">256 μg</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Thiamine" title="Thiamine">Thiamine (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">1</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">6%</div> 0.066 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Riboflavin" title="Riboflavin">Riboflavin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">2</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">4%</div> 0.058 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Niacin_(nutrient)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niacin (nutrient)">Niacin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">3</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">6%</div> 0.983 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Pantothenic_acid" title="Pantothenic acid">Pantothenic acid (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">5</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">5%</div> 0.273 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B6" title="Vitamin B6">Vitamin B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;">6</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">8%</div> 0.138 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Folate" title="Folate">Folate (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">9</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">5%</div> 19 μg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">Vitamin C</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">7%</div> 5.9 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_E" title="Vitamin E">Vitamin E</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">4%</div> 0.66 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_K" title="Vitamin K">Vitamin K</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">11%</div> 13.2 μg</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_(nutrient)" title="Mineral (nutrient)">Minerals</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium_in_biology#Humans" title="Calcium in biology">Calcium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">3%</div> 33 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Human_iron_metabolism" title="Human iron metabolism">Iron</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 0.3 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_in_biology" title="Magnesium in biology">Magnesium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">3%</div> 12 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Manganese#Human_health_and_nutrition" title="Manganese">Manganese</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">6%</div> 0.143 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus#Biological_role" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">3%</div> 35 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_in_biology" title="Potassium in biology">Potassium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">11%</div> 320 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium_in_biology" title="Sodium in biology">Sodium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">3%</div> 69 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Zinc#Biological_role" title="Zinc">Zinc</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 0.24 mg</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em">Other constituents</b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;">Water</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">88 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /><div class="wrap" style="padding:0.3em;line-height:1.2em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/170393/nutrients">Link to USDA Database Entry</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below wrap" style="background:#e0e0e0;padding:0.3em;line-height:1.5em;font-weight:normal;font-size:0.9em"><sup>†</sup>Percentages estimated using <a href="/wiki/Reference_Daily_Intake#Daily_Values" title="Reference Daily Intake">US recommendations</a> for adults,<sup id="cite_ref-FDADailyValues_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDADailyValues-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from <a href="/wiki/National_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_Medicine" title="National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine">the National Academies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Raw carrots are 88% water, 9% <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">carbohydrates</a>, 1% <a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">protein</a>, and contain negligible <a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">fat</a> (table). In a reference amount of 100 grams (3.5 oz), raw carrots supply 41 <a href="/wiki/Calorie" title="Calorie">calories</a> and have a rich content (20% or more of the <a href="/wiki/Daily_Value" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Value">Daily Value</a>, DV) of <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_A" title="Vitamin A">vitamin A</a> (93% DV) and a moderate amount (10–19% DV) of <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_K" title="Vitamin K">vitamin K</a> (11% DV) and <a href="/wiki/Potassium_in_biology" title="Potassium in biology">potassium</a> (11% DV), but otherwise have low content of <a href="/wiki/Micronutrient" title="Micronutrient">micronutrients</a> (table). </p><p>As a common source of beta-carotene in diets, carrots are a provitamin A source; an <a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">enzyme</a> converts beta-carotene into vitamin A in the <a href="/wiki/Small_intestine" title="Small intestine">small intestine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ods_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ods-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tang_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tang-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Culinary">Culinary</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_carrot_dishes" title="List of carrot dishes">List of carrot dishes</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook">Cookbook</a> has a recipe/module on <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left: 1.6em;"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Carrot" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook:Carrot"> Carrot</a></b></i></li></ul> </div></div></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carrots_of_many_colors.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Carrots_of_many_colors.jpg/220px-Carrots_of_many_colors.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="355" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Carrots_of_many_colors.jpg/330px-Carrots_of_many_colors.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Carrots_of_many_colors.jpg/440px-Carrots_of_many_colors.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1675" data-file-height="2700" /></a><figcaption>Carrots in a range of colours</figcaption></figure> <p>Carrots can be eaten in a variety of ways. Only 3 percent of the <a href="/wiki/Carotene" title="Carotene">β-carotene</a> in raw carrots is released during digestion: this can be improved to 39% by pulping, cooking and adding cooking oil.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alternatively they may be chopped and boiled, fried or steamed, and cooked in <a href="/wiki/Soup" title="Soup">soups</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stew" title="Stew">stews</a>, as well as baby and pet foods. A well-known dish is <i>carrots <a href="/wiki/Julienning" title="Julienning">julienne</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Together with onion and <a href="/wiki/Celery" title="Celery">celery</a>, carrots are one of the primary vegetables used in a <i><a href="/wiki/Mirepoix_(cuisine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirepoix (cuisine)">mirepoix</a></i> to make <a href="/wiki/Broth" title="Broth">broths</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The greens are edible as a <a href="/wiki/Leaf_vegetable" title="Leaf vegetable">leaf vegetable</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but are rarely eaten by humans;<sup id="cite_ref-Rubatsky253_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rubatsky253-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> some sources suggest that the greens contain toxic <a href="/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid">alkaloids</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When used for this purpose, they are harvested young in high-density plantings, before significant root development, and typically used <a href="/wiki/Stir_frying" title="Stir frying">stir-fried</a>, or in salads.<sup id="cite_ref-Rubatsky253_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rubatsky253-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some people are allergic to carrots. In a 2010 study on the prevalence of <a href="/wiki/Food_allergy" title="Food allergy">food allergies</a> in Europe, 3.6 percent of young adults showed some degree of <a href="/wiki/Food_intolerance" title="Food intolerance">sensitivity</a> to carrots.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because the major carrot <a href="/wiki/Allergen" title="Allergen">allergen</a>, the protein Dauc c 1.0104, is <a href="/wiki/Cross-reactivity" title="Cross-reactivity">cross-reactive</a> with homologues in <a href="/wiki/Birch" title="Birch">birch</a> pollen (Bet v 1) and <a href="/wiki/Mugwort" title="Mugwort">mugwort</a> pollen (Art v 1), most carrot allergy sufferers are also allergic to pollen from these plants.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In India, carrots are used in a variety of ways, as salads or as vegetables added to spicy rice or <a href="/wiki/Dal" title="Dal">dal</a> dishes. A popular variation in north India is the <a href="/wiki/Gajar_Ka_Halwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Gajar Ka Halwa">Gajar Ka Halwa</a> carrot dessert, which has carrots grated and cooked in milk until the whole mixture is solid, after which nuts and butter are added.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carrot salads are usually made with grated carrots with a seasoning of mustard seeds and green chillies popped in hot oil. Carrots can also be cut into thin strips and added to rice, can form part of a dish of mixed roast vegetables, or can be blended with <a href="/wiki/Tamarind" title="Tamarind">tamarind</a> to make <a href="/wiki/Chutney" title="Chutney">chutney</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the late 1980s, <a href="/wiki/Baby_carrot" title="Baby carrot">baby carrots</a> or mini-carrots (carrots that have been peeled and cut into uniform cylinders) have been a popular ready-to-eat <a href="/wiki/Snack" title="Snack">snack</a> food available in many supermarkets.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Carrot_juice" title="Carrot juice">Carrot juice</a> is widely marketed, especially as a health drink, either stand-alone or blended with juices from fruits and other vegetables.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The sweetness of carrots allows the vegetable to be used in some fruit-like roles. They are used grated in <a href="/wiki/Carrot_cake" title="Carrot cake">carrot cakes</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Carrot_pudding" title="Carrot pudding">carrot puddings</a>, an English dish thought to have originated in the early 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-oxford_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oxford-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carrots can be used alone or blended with fruits in <a href="/wiki/Jam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jam">jams</a> and <a href="/wiki/Preserves" class="mw-redirect" title="Preserves">preserves</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, there is a rule specifying that only fruits can be used in making jams; to preserve the Portuguese carrot jam delicacy (or <i>Doce de Cenoura</i> in Portuguese), the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Council of the European Union">Council of the European Union</a> adopted a directive that changed the legal statute of carrot from "vegetable" into "fruit".<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Very high consumption of carrots over a long period of time can result in <a href="/wiki/Carotenemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Carotenemia">carotenemia</a>, a harmless yellow-orange discoloration of the skin caused by a buildup of carotenoids.<sup id="cite_ref-PallerMancini2011_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PallerMancini2011-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_culture">In culture</h2></div> <p>Despite popular belief, the provitamin A beta-carotene from carrots does not actually help people to see in the dark unless they suffer from <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_A_deficiency" title="Vitamin A deficiency">vitamin A deficiency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ods_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ods-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This myth was propaganda used by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> to explain why British pilots had improved <a href="/wiki/Night_vision" title="Night vision">night vision</a> which enabled their success during nighttime air battles; in reality, it was thanks to newly adopted <a href="/wiki/Radar_in_World_War_II" title="Radar in World War II">radar technology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The consumption of carrots was advocated in Britain at the time as part of a <a href="/wiki/Victory_garden#Britain" title="Victory garden">Dig for Victory</a> campaign. A radio program called <i>The Kitchen Front</i> encouraged people to grow, store and use carrots in various novel ways, including making carrot jam and <a href="/wiki/Woolton_pie" title="Woolton pie">Woolton pie</a>, named after the <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Marquis,_1st_Earl_of_Woolton" title="Frederick Marquis, 1st Earl of Woolton">Lord Woolton</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Food_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Food (United Kingdom)">Minister for Food</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British public during WWII generally believed that eating carrots would help them see better at night and in 1942 there was a 100,000-ton surplus of carrots from the extra production.<sup id="cite_ref-british_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-british-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carrot_and_stick" title="Carrot and stick">Carrot and stick</a> – Metaphor for the use of punishment and reward</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrot_fly" title="Carrot fly">Carrot fly</a> – Species of fly</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrot_harvester" title="Carrot harvester">Carrot harvester</a> – Harvesting machine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrot_seed_oil" title="Carrot seed oil">Carrot seed oil</a> – Essential oil extract of carrot seed</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turnip" title="Turnip">Turnip</a> – Type of root vegetable</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and 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"Polyacetylenes from the Apiaceae vegetables carrot, celery, fennel, parsley, and parsnip and their cytotoxic activities". <i>Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry</i>. <b>53</b> (7): 2518–2523. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005JAFC...53.2518Z">2005JAFC...53.2518Z</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fjf048041s">10.1021/jf048041s</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15796588">15796588</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Polyacetylenes+from+the+Apiaceae+vegetables+carrot%2C+celery%2C+fennel%2C+parsley%2C+and+parsnip+and+their+cytotoxic+activities&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=2518-2523&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15796588&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fjf048041s&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005JAFC...53.2518Z&rft.aulast=Zidorn&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft.au=J%C3%B6hrer%2C+Karin&rft.au=Ganzera%2C+Markus&rft.au=Schubert%2C+Birthe&rft.au=Sigmund%2C+Elisabeth+Maria&rft.au=Mader%2C+Judith&rft.au=Greil%2C+Richard&rft.au=Ellmerer%2C+Ernst+P.&rft.au=Stuppner%2C+Hermann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaranskaSchulz,_HartwigBaranski,_RafalNothnagel,_Thomas2005" class="citation journal cs1">Baranska, Malgorzata; Schulz, Hartwig; Baranski, Rafal; et al. 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(1978). "<i>Cis</i>-heptadeca-1,9-diene-4,6-diyne-3,8-diol, an antifungal polyacetylene from carrot root tissue". <i>Physiological Plant Pathology</i>. <b>13</b> (2): 241–246. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0048-4059%2878%2990039-5">10.1016/0048-4059(78)90039-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiological+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Cis-heptadeca-1%2C9-diene-4%2C6-diyne-3%2C8-diol%2C+an+antifungal+polyacetylene+from+carrot+root+tissue&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=241-246&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0048-4059%2878%2990039-5&rft.aulast=Garrod&rft.aufirst=B.&rft.au=Lewis%2C+B.G.&rft.au=Coxon%2C+D.T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCzepa,_AndreasHofmann,_Thomas2003" class="citation journal cs1">Czepa, Andreas; Hofmann, Thomas (2003). "Structural and sensory characterization of compounds contributing to the bitter off-taste of carrots (<i>Daucus carota</i> L.) and carrot puree". <i>Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry</i>. <b>51</b> (13): 3865–3873. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003JAFC...51.3865C">2003JAFC...51.3865C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fjf034085%2B">10.1021/jf034085+</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12797757">12797757</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Structural+and+sensory+characterization+of+compounds+contributing+to+the+bitter+off-taste+of+carrots+%28Daucus+carota+L.%29+and+carrot+puree&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=13&rft.pages=3865-3873&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12797757&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fjf034085%2B&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003JAFC...51.3865C&rft.au=Czepa%2C+Andreas&rft.au=Hofmann%2C+Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyd2006" class="citation book cs1">Boyd, O'Neil, ed. 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Royal Society of Chemistry. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-911910-00-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-911910-00-1"><bdi>978-0-911910-00-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Merck+Index+%E2%80%93+An+Encyclopedia+of+Chemicals%2C+Drugs%2C+and+Biologicals&rft.edition=14th&rft.pub=Royal+Society+of+Chemistry&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-911910-00-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurosakiNishi,_Arasuke1988" class="citation journal cs1">Kurosaki, Fumiya; Nishi, Arasuke (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0014-5793%2888%2980894-9">"A methyltransferase for synthesis of the phytoalexin 6-methoxymellein in carrot cells"</a>. <i>FEBS Letters</i>. <b>227</b> (2): 183–186. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988FEBSL.227..183K">1988FEBSL.227..183K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0014-5793%2888%2980894-9">10.1016/0014-5793(88)80894-9</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:86402868">86402868</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEBS+Letters&rft.atitle=A+methyltransferase+for+synthesis+of+the+phytoalexin+6-methoxymellein+in+carrot+cells&rft.volume=227&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=183-186&rft.date=1988&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A86402868%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0014-5793%2888%2980894-9&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1988FEBSL.227..183K&rft.aulast=Kurosaki&rft.aufirst=Fumiya&rft.au=Nishi%2C+Arasuke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252F0014-5793%252888%252980894-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRose,_F.2006" class="citation book cs1">Rose, F. 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(2008)</a>, p. 328</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O-t9BAAAQBAJ&pg=RA4-PA387"><i>Encyclopedia of Food and Health</i></a>. 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Oxford University Press. p. 203.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Domestication+of+Plants+in+the+Old+World&rft.pages=203&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.au=Zohary%2C+Daniel&rft.au=Hopf%2C+Maria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a> later used the word as a scientific name for the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Pastinaca" title="Pastinaca">Pastinaca</a></i>, which includes parsnips.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Folio 312, 313, 314, <a href="/wiki/Juliana_Anicia_Codex" class="mw-redirect" title="Juliana Anicia Codex">Juliana Anicia Codex</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanickStolarczyk2012" class="citation journal cs1">Janick, Jules; Stolarczyk, John (May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290309500">"Ancient Greek Illustrated Dioscoridean Herbals: Origins and Impact of the <i>Juliana Anicia Codex</i> and the <i>Codex Neopolitanus</i>"</a>. <i>Not Bot Horti Agrobo</i>. <b>40</b> (1): 9–17. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15835%2Fnbha4017767">10.15835/nbha4017767</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Not+Bot+Horti+Agrobo&rft.atitle=Ancient+Greek+Illustrated+Dioscoridean+Herbals%3A+Origins+and+Impact+of+the+Juliana+Anicia+Codex+and+the+Codex+Neopolitanus&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=9-17&rft.date=2012-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15835%2Fnbha4017767&rft.aulast=Janick&rft.aufirst=Jules&rft.au=Stolarczyk%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F290309500&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrech_IIIMerchantMcNeill2004" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Krech III, Shepard; Merchant, Carolyn; McNeill, John Robert, eds. 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Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-93735-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-93735-1"><bdi>978-0-415-93735-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+World+Environmental+History&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-415-93735-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDmky95hwKr0C%26pg%3DPA1071&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Purple-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Purple_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Purple_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Purple_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/1991768.stm">"Carrots return to purple roots"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></i>. 16 May 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Carrots+return+to+purple+roots&rft.date=2002-05-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fscience%2Fnature%2F1991768.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDalby2003" class="citation book cs1">Dalby, Andrew (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FtIXAe2qYDgC&pg=PA75"><i>Food in the Ancient World from A to Z</i></a>. Psychology Press. p. 75. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-23259-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-23259-3"><bdi>978-0-415-23259-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Food+in+the+Ancient+World+from+A+to+Z&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-415-23259-3&rft.aulast=Dalby&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFtIXAe2qYDgC%26pg%3DPA75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaub2010" class="citation book cs1">Staub, Jack E. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qbMz7YrTBMEC&pg=PA230"><i>Alluring Lettuces: And Other Seductive Vegetables for Your Garden</i></a>. Gibbs Smith. p. 230. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4236-0829-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4236-0829-5"><bdi>978-1-4236-0829-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alluring+Lettuces%3A+And+Other+Seductive+Vegetables+for+Your+Garden&rft.pages=230&rft.pub=Gibbs+Smith&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4236-0829-5&rft.aulast=Staub&rft.aufirst=Jack+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqbMz7YrTBMEC%26pg%3DPA230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF王繼先" class="citation book cs1">王繼先. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/2555899/20"><i>紹興校定經史證類備急本草</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E7%B4%B9%E8%88%88%E6%A0%A1%E5%AE%9A%E7%B6%93%E5%8F%B2%E8%AD%89%E9%A1%9E%E5%82%99%E6%80%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%8D%89&rft.au=%E7%8E%8B%E7%B9%BC%E5%85%88&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdl.ndl.go.jp%2Finfo%3Andljp%2Fpid%2F2555899%2F20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"> <bdi lang="ja">野菜まるごと大図鑑</bdi> (in Japanese). Shufunotomo. 20 February 2011. pp. 68–73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4-07-273608-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-4-07-273608-1"><bdi>978-4-07-273608-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E9%87%8E%E8%8F%9C%E3%81%BE%E3%82%8B%E3%81%94%E3%81%A8%E5%A4%A7%E5%9B%B3%E9%91%91&rft.pages=68-73&rft.pub=Shufunotomo&rft.date=2011-02-20&rft.isbn=978-4-07-273608-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greene_2012-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Greene_2012_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greene_2012_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greene_2012_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreene2012" class="citation book cs1">Greene, Wesley (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KFQMt1Ww6osC&pg=PA81"><i>Vegetable Gardening the Colonial Williamsburg Way: 18th-Century Methods for Today's Organic Gardeners</i></a>. Rodale. p. 81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60961-162-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60961-162-0"><bdi>978-1-60961-162-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vegetable+Gardening+the+Colonial+Williamsburg+Way%3A+18th-Century+Methods+for+Today%27s+Organic+Gardeners&rft.pages=81&rft.pub=Rodale&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-60961-162-0&rft.aulast=Greene&rft.aufirst=Wesley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKFQMt1Ww6osC%26pg%3DPA81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Economist-2018-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Economist-2018_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Economist-2018_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2018/09/26/how-did-carrots-become-orange">"How did carrots become orange?"</a>. <i>The Economist</i>. 26 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=How+did+carrots+become+orange%3F&rft.date=2018-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fthe-economist-explains%2F2018%2F09%2F26%2Fhow-did-carrots-become-orange&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oliver Lawson Dick, ed. <i>Aubrey's Brief Lives. Edited from the Original Manuscripts</i>, 1949, p. xxxv.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRubatskyQuirosSiman1999">Rubatsky, Quiros & Siman (1999)</a>, pp. 6–7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rodale's_Organic_Life-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rodale's_Organic_Life_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rodale's_Organic_Life_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rodalesorganiclife.com/garden/your-guide-growing-carrots">"Your Guide To Growing Carrots"</a>. <i>Rodale's Organic Life</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rodale%27s+Organic+Life&rft.atitle=Your+Guide+To+Growing+Carrots&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rodalesorganiclife.com%2Fgarden%2Fyour-guide-growing-carrots&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElzer-Peters2014" class="citation book cs1">Elzer-Peters, K. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DSxRAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA136"><i>Midwest Fruit & Vegetable Gardening: Plant, Grow, and Harvest the Best Edibles – Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota & Wisconsin</i></a>. Cool Springs Press. p. 136. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61058-960-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61058-960-4"><bdi>978-1-61058-960-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Midwest+Fruit+%26+Vegetable+Gardening%3A+Plant%2C+Grow%2C+and+Harvest+the+Best+Edibles+%E2%80%93+Illinois%2C+Indiana%2C+Iowa%2C+Kansas%2C+Michigan%2C+Minnesota%2C+Missouri%2C+Nebraska%2C+North+Dakota%2C+Ohio%2C+South+Dakota+%26+Wisconsin&rft.pages=136&rft.pub=Cool+Springs+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-61058-960-4&rft.aulast=Elzer-Peters&rft.aufirst=K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDSxRAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBenjaminMcGarryGray1997">Benjamin, McGarry & Gray (1997)</a>, p. 557</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cunningham_2000-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cunningham_2000_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCunningham2000" class="citation book cs1">Cunningham, Sally Jean (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bYOPlJt6SfAC&pg=PA196"><i>Great Garden Companions: A Companion-Planting System for a Beautiful, Chemical-Free Vegetable Garden</i></a>. Rodale. pp. 195–196. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87596-847-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87596-847-6"><bdi>978-0-87596-847-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL8090822M">8090822M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Great+Garden+Companions%3A+A+Companion-Planting+System+for+a+Beautiful%2C+Chemical-Free+Vegetable+Garden&rft.pages=195-196&rft.pub=Rodale&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL8090822M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=978-0-87596-847-6&rft.aulast=Cunningham&rft.aufirst=Sally+Jean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbYOPlJt6SfAC%26pg%3DPA196&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbbott2012" class="citation book cs1">Abbott, Catherine (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hTTrDQAAQBAJ"><i>The Year-Round Harvest: A Seasonal Guide to Growing, Eating, and Preserving the Fruits and Vegetables of Your Labor</i></a>. Adams Media. pp. 54–55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4405-2816-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4405-2816-3"><bdi>978-1-4405-2816-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Year-Round+Harvest%3A+A+Seasonal+Guide+to+Growing%2C+Eating%2C+and+Preserving+the+Fruits+and+Vegetables+of+Your+Labor&rft.pages=54-55&rft.pub=Adams+Media&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4405-2816-3&rft.aulast=Abbott&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhTTrDQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DAFF-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DAFF_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DAFF_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DAFF_39-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DAFF_39-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DAFF_39-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201024034912/https://www.nda.agric.za/docs/Brochures/prodGuideCarrot.pdf">Production guidelines for carrot</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dietary+Reference+Intakes+for+Sodium+and+Potassium&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=The+National+Academies+Collection%3A+Reports+funded+by+National+Institutes+of+Health&rft.pub=National+Academies+Press+%28US%29&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30844154&rft.isbn=978-0-309-48834-1&rft.au=National+Academies+of+Sciences%2C+Engineering%2C+and+Medicine&rft.au=Health+and+Medicine+Division&rft.au=Food+and+Nutrition+Board&rft.au=Committee+to+Review+the+Dietary+Reference+Intakes+for+Sodium+and+Potassium&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbooks%2FNBK538102%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ods-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ods_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ods_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminA-HealthProfessional/">"Vitamin A: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vitamin+A%3A+Fact+Sheet+for+Health+Professionals&rft.pub=Office+of+Dietary+Supplements%2C+National+Institutes+of+Health&rft.date=2023-12-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fods.od.nih.gov%2Ffactsheets%2FVitaminA-HealthProfessional%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tang-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tang_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTang2012" class="citation journal cs1">Tang G (November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002916523030216">"Techniques for measuring vitamin A activity from β-carotene"</a>. <i>The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition</i>. <b>96</b> (5): 1185S–8S. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3945%2Fajcn.112.034603">10.3945/ajcn.112.034603</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23053556">23053556</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Clinical+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Techniques+for+measuring+vitamin+A+activity+from+%CE%B2-carotene&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=1185S-8S&rft.date=2012-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3945%2Fajcn.112.034603&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23053556&rft.aulast=Tang&rft.aufirst=G&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS0002916523030216&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHedrén,_E.Diaz,_V.Svanburg,_U.2002" class="citation journal cs1">Hedrén, E.; Diaz, V.; Svanburg, U. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.ejcn.1601329">"Estimation of carotenoid accessibility from carrots determined by an <i>in vitro</i> digestion method"</a>. <i>European Journal of Clinical Nutrition</i>. <b>56</b> (5): 425–430. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.ejcn.1601329">10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601329</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12001013">12001013</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Clinical+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+carotenoid+accessibility+from+carrots+determined+by+an+in+vitro+digestion+method&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=425-430&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fsj.ejcn.1601329&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12001013&rft.au=Hedr%C3%A9n%2C+E.&rft.au=Diaz%2C+V.&rft.au=Svanburg%2C+U.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252Fsj.ejcn.1601329&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartino,_Robert_S.2006" class="citation book cs1">Martino, Robert S. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fGWaxCySg54C&pg=PR19"><i>Enjoyable Cooking</i></a>. AuthorHouse. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4259-6658-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4259-6658-4"><bdi>978-1-4259-6658-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Enjoyable+Cooking&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=AuthorHouse&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-4259-6658-4&rft.au=Martino%2C+Robert+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfGWaxCySg54C%26pg%3DPR19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrot" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGisslen2010" class="citation book cs1">Gisslen, Wayne (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N5el9CYbEP0C&pg=PA146"><i>Professional Cooking, College Version</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 146. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-19752-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-19752-3"><bdi>978-0-470-19752-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Professional+Cooking%2C+College+Version&rft.pages=146&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-470-19752-3&rft.aulast=Gisslen&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DN5el9CYbEP0C%26pg%3DPA146&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonofrio2019" class="citation book cs1">Donofrio, Jeanine (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=baprDwAAQBAJ&q=%22carrot+tops%22&pg=PT47">"Waste not, want not"</a>. <i>Love and Lemons Every Day: More than 100 Bright, Plant-Forward Recipes for Every Meal: A Cookbook</i>. Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7352-1985-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7352-1985-4"><bdi>978-0-7352-1985-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Waste+not%2C+want+not&rft.btitle=Love+and+Lemons+Every+Day%3A+More+than+100+Bright%2C+Plant-Forward+Recipes+for+Every+Meal%3A+A+Cookbook&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-7352-1985-4&rft.aulast=Donofrio&rft.aufirst=Jeanine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbaprDwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522carrot%2Btops%2522%26pg%3DPT47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichel_Richard2006" class="citation book cs1">Michel Richard (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_Lg1h2GeJMcC&q=%22carrot+greens%22&pg=PA74"><i>Happy in the Kitchen</i></a>. Artisan Books. pp. 74 & 76. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57965-299-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57965-299-9"><bdi>978-1-57965-299-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Happy+in+the+Kitchen&rft.pages=74+%26+76&rft.pub=Artisan+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-57965-299-9&rft.au=Michel+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_Lg1h2GeJMcC%26q%3D%2522carrot%2Bgreens%2522%26pg%3DPA74&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rubatsky253-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rubatsky253_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rubatsky253_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRubatskyQuirosSiman1999">Rubatsky, Quiros & Siman (1999)</a>, p. 253</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSelene_YeagerEditors_of_Prevention_Magazine2008" class="citation book cs1">Selene Yeager; Editors of Prevention Magazine (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LCOJp0NEDisC&pg=PA366"><i>The Doctors Book of Food Remedies: The Latest Findings on the Power of Food to Treat and Prevent Health Problems – From Aging and Diabetes to Ulcers and Yeast Infections</i></a>. Rodale. p. 366. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60529-506-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60529-506-0"><bdi>978-1-60529-506-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Doctors+Book+of+Food+Remedies%3A+The+Latest+Findings+on+the+Power+of+Food+to+Treat+and+Prevent+Health+Problems+%E2%80%93+From+Aging+and+Diabetes+to+Ulcers+and+Yeast+Infections&rft.pages=366&rft.pub=Rodale&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-60529-506-0&rft.au=Selene+Yeager&rft.au=Editors+of+Prevention+Magazine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLCOJp0NEDisC%26pg%3DPA366&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown,_Ellen2012" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Ellen (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0aLqKVlGZTEC&pg=PA21"><i>The Complete Idiot's Guide to Smoothies</i></a>. DK Publishing. p. 21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4362-9393-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4362-9393-8"><bdi>978-1-4362-9393-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Idiot%27s+Guide+to+Smoothies&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=DK+Publishing&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4362-9393-8&rft.au=Brown%2C+Ellen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0aLqKVlGZTEC%26pg%3DPA21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurney,_P.Summers,_C.Chinn,_S.Hooper,_R.2010" class="citation journal cs1">Burney, P.; Summers, C.; Chinn, S.; et al. 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"Component-resolved in vitro diagnosis of carrot allergy in three different regions of Europe". <i>Allergy</i>. <b>67</b> (6): 758–766. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1398-9995.2012.02827.x">10.1111/j.1398-9995.2012.02827.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22486768">22486768</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:23864612">23864612</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Allergy&rft.atitle=Component-resolved+in+vitro+diagnosis+of+carrot+allergy+in+three+different+regions+of+Europe&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=758-766&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A23864612%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22486768&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1398-9995.2012.02827.x&rft.au=Ballmer-Weber%2C+B.K.&rft.au=Skamstrup+Hansen%2C+K.&rft.au=Sastre%2C+J.&rft.au=Andersson%2C+K.&rft.au=B%C3%A4tscher%2C+I.&rft.au=Ostling%2C+J.&rft.au=Dahl%2C+L.&rft.au=Hanschmann%2C+K.M.&rft.au=Holzhauser%2C+T.&rft.au=Poulsen%2C+L.K.&rft.au=Lidholm%2C+J.&rft.au=Vieths%2C+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGupta,_Niru2000" class="citation book cs1">Gupta, Niru (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fNXSe1mYhg8C&pg=PA17"><i>Cooking the Up Way</i></a>. Orient Blackswan. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-250-1558-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-250-1558-1"><bdi>978-81-250-1558-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cooking+the+Up+Way&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Orient+Blackswan&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-81-250-1558-1&rft.au=Gupta%2C+Niru&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfNXSe1mYhg8C%26pg%3DPA17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChapman2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pat_Chapman" title="Pat Chapman">Chapman, Pat</a> (2007). <i>India Food and Cooking: The Ultimate Book on Indian Cuisine</i>. New Holland Publishers. pp. 158–230. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84537-619-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84537-619-2"><bdi>978-1-84537-619-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+Food+and+Cooking%3A+The+Ultimate+Book+on+Indian+Cuisine&rft.pages=158-230&rft.pub=New+Holland+Publishers&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-84537-619-2&rft.aulast=Chapman&rft.aufirst=Pat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBidlackRodriguez2011" class="citation book cs1">Bidlack, Wayne R.; Rodriguez, Raymond L. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=27ndQDXheA8C&pg=PA321"><i>Nutritional Genomics: The Impact of Dietary Regulation of Gene Function on Human Disease</i></a>. CRC Press. p. 321. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4398-4452-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4398-4452-6"><bdi>978-1-4398-4452-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nutritional+Genomics%3A+The+Impact+of+Dietary+Regulation+of+Gene+Function+on+Human+Disease&rft.pages=321&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4398-4452-6&rft.aulast=Bidlack&rft.aufirst=Wayne+R.&rft.au=Rodriguez%2C+Raymond+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D27ndQDXheA8C%26pg%3DPA321&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShannon1998" class="citation book cs1">Shannon, Nomi (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kFio7TeBFUIC&pg=PT33"><i>The Raw Gourmet</i></a>. Book Publishing Company. p. 33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-920470-48-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-920470-48-0"><bdi>978-0-920470-48-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Raw+Gourmet&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Book+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-920470-48-0&rft.aulast=Shannon&rft.aufirst=Nomi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkFio7TeBFUIC%26pg%3DPT33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oxford-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-oxford_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidson1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Davidson_(food_writer)" title="Alan Davidson (food writer)">Davidson, Alan</a> (1999). "Carrot". <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00davi_0"><i>The Oxford Companion to Food</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. 146–147. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-211579-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-211579-9"><bdi>978-0-19-211579-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Carrot&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Food&rft.pages=146-147&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-19-211579-9&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxfordcompaniont00davi_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31988L0593:FR:HTML">Directive de l'union européenne avec mention du statut de la carotte</a>. Journal officiel n° L 318 din 25/11/1988 p. 0044 - 0047.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PallerMancini2011-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PallerMancini2011_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPallerAnthony_J._Mancini2011" class="citation book cs1">Paller, Amy S.; Anthony J. Mancini (23 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oj82UfEB0p0C&pg=PA264"><i>Hurwitz Clinical Pediatric Dermatology E-Book: A Textbook of Skin Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence</i></a>. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 264–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4377-3613-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4377-3613-7"><bdi>978-1-4377-3613-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hurwitz+Clinical+Pediatric+Dermatology+E-Book%3A+A+Textbook+of+Skin+Disorders+of+Childhood+and+Adolescence&rft.pages=264-&rft.pub=Elsevier+Health+Sciences&rft.date=2011-05-23&rft.isbn=978-1-4377-3613-7&rft.aulast=Paller&rft.aufirst=Amy+S.&rft.au=Anthony+J.+Mancini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Doj82UfEB0p0C%26pg%3DPA264&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaron_DF2014" class="citation web cs1">Maron DF (23 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/fact-or-fiction-carrots-improve-your-vision/">"Fact or Fiction?: Carrots Improve Your Vision"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Scientific_American" title="Scientific American">Scientific American</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=Fact+or+Fiction%3F%3A+Carrots+Improve+Your+Vision&rft.date=2014-06-23&rft.au=Maron+DF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientificamerican.com%2Farticle%2Ffact-or-fiction-carrots-improve-your-vision%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220906193923/http://www.carrotmuseum.co.uk/history4.html">"Carrots in the Second World War"</a>. Carrot history. <i>World Carrot Museum</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carrotmuseum.co.uk/history4.html">the original</a> on 6 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Carrot+Museum&rft.atitle=Carrots+in+the+Second+World+War&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.carrotmuseum.co.uk%2Fhistory4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-british-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-british_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/a-wwii-propaganda-campaign-popularized-the-myth-that-carrots-help-you-see-in-the-dark-28812484/">"A WWII Propaganda Campaign Popularized the Myth That Carrots Help You See in the Dark"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+WWII+Propaganda+Campaign+Popularized+the+Myth+That+Carrots+Help+You+See+in+the+Dark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Farts-culture%2Fa-wwii-propaganda-campaign-popularized-the-myth-that-carrots-help-you-see-in-the-dark-28812484%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenjaminMcGarryGray1997" class="citation book cs1">Benjamin, L. R.; McGarry, A.; Gray, D. (1997). "The root vegetables: Beet, carrot, parsnip and turnip". <i>The Physiology of Vegetable Crops</i>. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. pp. 553–580. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85199-146-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85199-146-7"><bdi>978-0-85199-146-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+root+vegetables%3A+Beet%2C+carrot%2C+parsnip+and+turnip&rft.btitle=The+Physiology+of+Vegetable+Crops&rft.place=Wallingford%2C+UK&rft.pages=553-580&rft.pub=CAB+International&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-85199-146-7&rft.aulast=Benjamin&rft.aufirst=L.+R.&rft.au=McGarry%2C+A.&rft.au=Gray%2C+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrot" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradeenSimon2007" class="citation book cs1">Bradeen, James M.; Simon, Philipp W. (2007). "Carrot". In Cole, Chittaranjan (ed.). <i>Vegetables</i>. Genome Mapping and Molecular Breeding in Plants. Vol. 5. New York, NY: Springer. pp. 162–184. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-540-34535-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-540-34535-0"><bdi>978-3-540-34535-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Carrot&rft.btitle=Vegetables&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.series=Genome+Mapping+and+Molecular+Breeding+in+Plants&rft.pages=162-184&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-3-540-34535-0&rft.aulast=Bradeen&rft.aufirst=James+M.&rft.au=Simon%2C+Philipp+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrot" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRubatskyQuirosSiman1999" class="citation book cs1">Rubatsky, V. E.; Quiros, C. F.; Siman, P. W. (1999). <i>Carrots and Related Vegetable Umbelliferae</i>. CABI Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85199-129-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85199-129-0"><bdi>978-0-85199-129-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Carrots+and+Related+Vegetable+Umbelliferae&rft.pub=CABI+Publishing&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-85199-129-0&rft.aulast=Rubatsky&rft.aufirst=V.+E.&rft.au=Quiros%2C+C.+F.&rft.au=Siman%2C+P.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrot" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimonFreemanVieiraBoiteux2008" class="citation book cs1">Simon, Philipp W.; Freeman, Roger E.; Vieira, Jairo V.; Boiteux, Leonardo S.; Briard, Mathilde; Nothnagel, Thomas; Michalik, Barbara; Kwon, Young-Seok (2008). "Carrot". <i>Vegetables II</i>. Handbook of Plant Breeding. Vol. 2. New York, NY: Springer. pp. 327–357. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-387-74108-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-387-74108-6"><bdi>978-0-387-74108-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Carrot&rft.btitle=Vegetables+II&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.series=Handbook+of+Plant+Breeding&rft.pages=327-357&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-387-74108-6&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=Philipp+W.&rft.au=Freeman%2C+Roger+E.&rft.au=Vieira%2C+Jairo+V.&rft.au=Boiteux%2C+Leonardo+S.&rft.au=Briard%2C+Mathilde&rft.au=Nothnagel%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Michalik%2C+Barbara&rft.au=Kwon%2C+Young-Seok&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrot" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right mw-collapsible mw-collapsed sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow" style="clear: both"> <b>Carrot</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex mw-collapsible-content"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Carrot" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Carrot">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Carrots" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Carrots">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Carrot" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Carrot">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Carrots" class="extiw" title="q:Carrots">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Carrot" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Carrot">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Carrot" class="extiw" title="b:Cookbook:Carrot">Recipes</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Carrot" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Carrot">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/23px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/35px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/46px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Carrot" class="extiw" title="species:Special:Search/Carrot">Taxa</a> from Wikispecies</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Carrots" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Carrots" title="Template:Carrots"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Carrots" title="Template talk:Carrots"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Carrots" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Carrots"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Carrots" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Carrots</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_carrot_dishes" title="List of carrot dishes">Culinary usage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apio_(appetizer)" title="Apio (appetizer)">Apio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrot_bread" title="Carrot bread">Carrot bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrot_cake" title="Carrot cake">Carrot cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrot_cake_cookie" class="mw-redirect" title="Carrot cake cookie">Carrot cake cookie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrot_chip" title="Carrot chip">Carrot chip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrot_juice" title="Carrot juice">Carrot juice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrot_pudding" title="Carrot pudding">Carrot pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrot_salad" title="Carrot salad">Carrot salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrot_soup" title="Carrot soup">Carrot soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cezerye" title="Cezerye">Cezerye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gajar_ka_halwa" title="Gajar ka halwa">Gajar ka halwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutspot" title="Hutspot">Hutspot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinpira" title="Kinpira">Kinpira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashed_carrots" class="mw-redirect" title="Mashed carrots">Mashed carrots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morkovcha" title="Morkovcha">Morkovcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porkkanalaatikko" title="Porkkanalaatikko">Porkkanalaatikko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzimmes" title="Tzimmes">Tzimmes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baby_carrot" title="Baby carrot">Baby carrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carotene" title="Carotene">Carotene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrot_and_stick" title="Carrot and stick">Carrot and stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrot_fly" title="Carrot fly">Carrot fly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrot_harvester" title="Carrot harvester">Carrot harvester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrot_(color)" class="mw-redirect" title="Carrot (color)">Carrot orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrot_seed_oil" title="Carrot seed oil">Carrot seed oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daucus_carota" title="Daucus carota">Daucus carota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_carrot_diseases" title="List of carrot diseases">List of carrot diseases</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Carrot_dishes" title="Category:Carrot dishes">Carrot dishes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Edible_Apiaceae" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible [[ungulate|autocollapse]] navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:DarkOliveGreen; color:Honeydew;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Edible_Apiaceae" title="Template:Edible Apiaceae"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:Honeydew">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Edible_Apiaceae" title="Template talk:Edible Apiaceae"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:Honeydew">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Edible_Apiaceae" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Edible Apiaceae"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:Honeydew">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Edible_Apiaceae" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Edible_Apiaceae" title="Category:Edible Apiaceae"><span style="color:Honeydew">Edible Apiaceae</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aegopodium_podagraria" title="Aegopodium podagraria">Aegopodium podagraria</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajwain" title="Ajwain">Ajwain</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alepidea_peduncularis" title="Alepidea peduncularis">Alepidea peduncularis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smyrnium_olusatrum" title="Smyrnium olusatrum">Alexanders</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Angelica_archangelica" title="Angelica archangelica">Angelica archangelica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anise" title="Anise">Anise</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anthriscus_sylvestris" title="Anthriscus sylvestris">Anthriscus sylvestris</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apium_prostratum" title="Apium prostratum">Apium prostratum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arracacia_xanthorrhiza" title="Arracacia xanthorrhiza">Arracacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asafoetida" title="Asafoetida">Asafoetida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caraway" title="Caraway">Caraway</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Carrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celeriac" title="Celeriac">Celeriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celery" title="Celery">Celery</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Centella_asiatica" title="Centella asiatica">Centella asiatica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chaerophyllum_bulbosum" title="Chaerophyllum bulbosum">Chaerophyllum bulbosum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chervil" title="Chervil">Chervil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_celery" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese celery">Chinese celery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicely" title="Cicely">Cicely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coriander" title="Coriander">Coriander</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crithmum" title="Crithmum">Crithmum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cryptotaenia" title="Cryptotaenia">Cryptotaenia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumin" title="Cumin">Cumin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daucus_pusillus" title="Daucus pusillus">Daucus pusillus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dill" title="Dill">Dill</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Echinophora_sibthorpiana" title="Echinophora sibthorpiana">Echinophora sibthorpiana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elwendia_persica" title="Elwendia persica">Elwendia persica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Erigenia" title="Erigenia">Erigenia bulbosa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eryngium_foetidum" title="Eryngium foetidum">Eryngium foetidum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fennel" title="Fennel">Fennel</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heracleum_persicum" title="Heracleum persicum">Heracleum persicum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leaf_celery" title="Leaf celery">Leaf celery</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ligusticum_scoticum" title="Ligusticum scoticum">Ligusticum scoticum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lomatium" title="Lomatium">Lomatium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lomatium_parryi" title="Lomatium parryi">Lomatium parryi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovage" title="Lovage">Lovage</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oenanthe_javanica" title="Oenanthe javanica">Oenanthe javanica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Osmorhiza" title="Osmorhiza">Osmorhiza</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsley" title="Parsley">Parsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsnip" title="Parsnip">Parsnip</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Perideridia" title="Perideridia">Perideridia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peucedanum_ostruthium" title="Peucedanum ostruthium">Peucedanum ostruthium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Psammogeton_involucratus" title="Psammogeton involucratus">Psammogeton involucratus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ridolfia_segetum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ridolfia segetum">Ridolfia segetum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sium_sisarum" title="Sium sisarum">Sium sisarum</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Daucus carota <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> sativus</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11678009" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q11678009">Q11678009</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Daucus_carota_subsp._sativus" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Daucus carota subsp. sativus">Daucus carota subsp. sativus</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">APDB: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/223393">223393</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/DAUCS">DAUCS</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/European_Nature_Information_System" class="mw-redirect" title="European Nature Information System">EUNIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/species/151782">151782</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/7350944">7350944</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=446682">446682</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/123454">123454</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/77249925-1">77249925-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=524846">524846</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nbn.org.uk/Taxa/NBNSYS0000014851">NBNSYS0000014851</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=79200">79200</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/7fd5f95e-2804-4218-a567-8e6e883f6465">7fd5f95e-2804-4218-a567-8e6e883f6465</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/117066/">117066</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=949560">949560</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_for_a_Future" title="Plants for a Future">PfaF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Daucus+carota+sativus">Daucus carota sativus</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/The_Plant_List" title="The Plant List">Plant List</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2757967">kew-2757967</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A77249925-1">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77249925-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Horticultural_Society" title="Royal Horticultural Society">RHS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/158355/wd/Details">158355</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/100373653">100373653</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-0000638469">wfo-0000638469</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85020481">United States</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Cooking (Carrots)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85031969">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11959621p">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11959621p">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00568527">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="mrkev"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph134914&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span 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