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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Specification maturation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Specification_maturation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Specification maturation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Specification_maturation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Working_draft_(WD)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Working_draft_(WD)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Working draft (WD)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Working_draft_(WD)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Candidate_recommendation_(CR)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Candidate_recommendation_(CR)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Candidate recommendation (CR)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Candidate_recommendation_(CR)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proposed_recommendation_(PR)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proposed_recommendation_(PR)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Proposed recommendation (PR)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proposed_recommendation_(PR)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-W3C_recommendation_(REC)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#W3C_recommendation_(REC)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>W3C recommendation (REC)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-W3C_recommendation_(REC)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_revisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_revisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Later revisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_revisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Certification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Certification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Certification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Certification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Membership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Membership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Membership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Membership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Standards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Standards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">World Wide Web Consortium</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 67 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-67" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">67 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/W3C" title="W3C – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="W3C" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="رابطة الشبكة العالمية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رابطة الشبكة العالمية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="World Wide Web Consortium" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="World Wide Web Consortium" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AC_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="ওয়ার্ল্ড ওয়াইড ওয়েব কনসোর্টিয়াম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ওয়ার্ল্ড ওয়াইড ওয়েব কনসোর্টিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/W3C" title="W3C – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="W3C" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%83%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Кансорцыум Сусветнага павуціння – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кансорцыум Сусветнага павуціння" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="World Wide Web Consortium" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="World Wide Web Consortium" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="World Wide Web Consortium" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="World Wide Web Consortium" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="World Wide Web Consortium" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="World Wide Web Consortium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="World Wide Web Consortium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="World Wide Web Consortium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/WWW_Consortium" title="WWW Consortium – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="WWW Consortium" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="World Wide Web Consortium" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsorcio_de_la_Tut-Tera_Teksa%C4%B5o" title="Konsorcio de la Tut-Tera Teksaĵo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Konsorcio de la Tut-Tera Teksaĵo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="World Wide Web Consortium" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%87_%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="اتحادیه وب جهان‌گستر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اتحادیه وب جهان‌گستر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="World Wide Web Consortium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="World Wide Web Consortium" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="World Wide Web Consortium" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%94%EB%93%9C_%EC%99%80%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%9C_%EC%9B%B9_%EC%BB%A8%EC%86%8C%EC%8B%9C%EC%97%84" title="월드 와이드 웹 컨소시엄 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="월드 와이드 웹 컨소시엄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%81%D5%AB_%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%80%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Համացանցի կոնսորցիում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Համացանցի կոնսորցիում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%98" title="विश्व व्यापी वेब संघ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विश्व व्यापी वेब संघ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/W3C" title="W3C – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="W3C" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="World Wide Web Consortium" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsorsium_World_Wide_Web" title="Konsorsium World Wide Web – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Konsorsium World Wide Web" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="World Wide Web Consortium" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%BEj%C3%B3%C3%B0asamt%C3%B6k_um_veraldarvefinn" title="Alþjóðasamtök um veraldarvefinn – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Alþjóðasamtök um veraldarvefinn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="World Wide Web Consortium" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="World Wide Web Consortium" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/W3C" title="W3C – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="W3C" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vispasaules_T%C4%ABmek%C4%BCa_konsorcijs" title="Vispasaules Tīmekļa konsorcijs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vispasaules Tīmekļa konsorcijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/W3C" title="W3C – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="W3C" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="World Wide Web Consortium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BA%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="വേൾഡ് വൈഡ് വെബ് കൺസോർഷ്യം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വേൾഡ് വൈഡ് വെബ് കൺസോർഷ്യം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsortium_Jaringan_Sejagat" title="Konsortium Jaringan Sejagat – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Konsortium Jaringan Sejagat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Дэлхий дахины вебийн консорциум – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Дэлхий дахины вебийн консорциум" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="World Wide Web Consortium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="World Wide Web Consortium" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="World Wide Web Consortium" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="World Wide Web Consortium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="World Wide Web Consortium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%94" title="សមាគមន៍វើលវ៉ាយវ៉េប – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សមាគមន៍វើលវ៉ាយវ៉េប" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/W3C" title="W3C – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="W3C" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="World Wide Web Consortium" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/W3C" title="W3C – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="W3C" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="World Wide Web Consortium" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC_%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Консорциум Всемирной паутины – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Консорциум Всемирной паутины" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsorciumi_i_World_Wide_Web" title="Konsorciumi i World Wide Web – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Konsorciumi i World Wide Web" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="World Wide Web Consortium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="World Wide Web Consortium" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="World Wide Web Consortium" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/W3C" title="W3C – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="W3C" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="World Wide Web Consortium" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="World Wide Web Consortium" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="World Wide Web Consortium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="உலகளாவிய வலைச் சேர்த்தியம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உலகளாவிய வலைச் சேர்த்தியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="เวิลด์ไวด์เว็บคอนซอร์เทียม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เวิลด์ไวด์เว็บคอนซอร์เทียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="World Wide Web Consortium" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="World Wide Web Consortium" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/W3C" title="W3C – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="W3C" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E7%BB%B4%E7%BD%91%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="万维网联盟 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="万维网联盟" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E7%B6%AD%E7%B6%B2%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="萬維網聯盟 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="萬維網聯盟" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E7%BB%B4%E7%BD%91%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="万维网联盟 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="万维网联盟" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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<div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=World_Wide_Web_Consortium&params=42_21_43_N_71_05_26_W_region:US-MA_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°21′43″N</span> <span class="longitude">71°05′26″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.36194°N 71.09056°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.36194; -71.09056</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=W3C&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="W3C">W3C</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Main international standards organization for the World Wide Web</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"WWWC" redirects here. For the radio station, see <a href="/wiki/WWWC_(AM)" title="WWWC (AM)">WWWC (AM)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Foundation" title="World Wide Web Foundation">World Wide Web Foundation</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">World Wide Web Consortium</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:W3C%C2%AE_Icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/W3C%C2%AE_Icon.svg/220px-W3C%C2%AE_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/W3C%C2%AE_Icon.svg/330px-W3C%C2%AE_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/W3C%C2%AE_Icon.svg/440px-W3C%C2%AE_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="143" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Logo since 1997</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">W3C</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">1 October 1994<span class="noprint">; 30 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1994-10-01</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Standards_organization" title="Standards organization">Standards organization</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data">Developing protocols and guidelines that ensure long-term growth for the Web</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; line-height: 2.0em; border: none; padding: 0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background-color: #f9f9f9; text-align: left; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3em;"><div>4 offices</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; padding: 6px 0; background-color: none; text-align: left;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> Main Office: <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a>/<a href="/wiki/CSAIL" class="mw-redirect" title="CSAIL">CSAIL</a>, US </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/ERCIM_Cor_Baayen_Award" title="ERCIM Cor Baayen Award">ERCIM</a>, France </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Keio_University" title="Keio University">Keio University</a>/<a href="/wiki/Keio_University_Shonan_Fujisawa_Campus" title="Keio University Shonan Fujisawa Campus">SFC</a>, Japan </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Beihang_University" title="Beihang University">Beihang University</a>, China<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> </li></ul> </div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=World_Wide_Web_Consortium&params=42_21_43_N_71_05_26_W_region:US-MA_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°21′43″N</span> <span class="longitude">71°05′26″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.36194°N 71.09056°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.36194; -71.09056</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Region served </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Membership </div></th><td class="infobox-data">460 member organizations<sup id="cite_ref-MembersList2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MembersList2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Director</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Staff</th><td class="infobox-data">63</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w3.org/">w3<wbr />.org</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37033#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>World Wide Web Consortium</b> (<b>W3C</b>) is the main international <a href="/wiki/Standards_organization" title="Standards organization">standards organization</a> for the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a>. Founded in 1994 and led by <a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Consortium" title="Consortium">consortium</a> is made up of member organizations that maintain full-time staff working together in the development of standards for the World Wide Web. As of 5 March 2023,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_Wide_Web_Consortium&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> W3C had 462 members.<sup id="cite_ref-consortium_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-consortium-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MembersList2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MembersList2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> W3C also engages in education and outreach, develops software and serves as an open forum for discussion about the Web. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Wide_Web_Consortium&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web" title="History of the World Wide Web">History of the World Wide Web</a></div> <p>The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) was founded in 1994 by <a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a> after he left the European Organization for Nuclear Research (<a href="/wiki/CERN" title="CERN">CERN</a>) in October 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was founded at the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> (MIT) <a href="/wiki/Laboratory_for_Computer_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Laboratory for Computer Science">Laboratory for Computer Science</a> with support from the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Defense_Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency">Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency</a>, which had pioneered the <a href="/wiki/ARPANET" title="ARPANET">ARPANET</a>, the most direct predecessor to the modern <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-consortium_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-consortium-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was located in <a href="/wiki/Technology_Square_(Cambridge,_Massachusetts)" title="Technology Square (Cambridge, Massachusetts)">Technology Square</a> until 2004, when it moved, with the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, to the Stata Center.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The organization tries to foster compatibility and agreement among industry members in the adoption of new standards defined by the W3C. Incompatible versions of <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> are offered by different vendors, causing inconsistency in how web pages are displayed. The consortium tries to get all those vendors to implement a set of core principles and components that are chosen by the consortium. </p><p>It was originally intended that CERN host the European branch of W3C; however, CERN wished to focus on <a href="/wiki/Particle_physics" title="Particle physics">particle physics</a>, not <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">information technology</a>. In April 1995, the <a href="/wiki/French_Institute_for_Research_in_Computer_Science_and_Automation" title="French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation">French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation</a> became the European host of W3C, with <a href="/wiki/Keio_University" title="Keio University">Keio University</a> Research Institute at <a href="/wiki/Keio_University_Shonan_Fujisawa_Campus" title="Keio University Shonan Fujisawa Campus">SFC</a> becoming the Asian host in September 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Starting in 1997, W3C created regional offices around the world. As of September 2009, it had eighteen World Offices covering Australia, the <a href="/wiki/Benelux" title="Benelux">Benelux</a> countries (Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg), Brazil, China, Finland, Germany, Austria, Greece, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Israel, Italy, South Korea, Morocco, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, and, as of 2016, the United Kingdom and Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-Offices_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Offices-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2012, W3C convened a community of major web players and publishers to establish a <a href="/wiki/MediaWiki" title="MediaWiki">MediaWiki</a> wiki that seeks to document open web standards called the <a href="/wiki/WebPlatform" class="mw-redirect" title="WebPlatform">WebPlatform</a> and WebPlatform Docs. </p><p>In January 2013, <a href="/wiki/Beihang_University" title="Beihang University">Beihang University</a> became the Chinese host.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022 the W3C WebFonts Working Group won an Emmy Award from the <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Television_Arts_and_Sciences" title="National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences">National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences</a> for standardizing font technology for custom downloadable fonts and typography for web and TV devices.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 1 January 2023, it reformed as a public-interest <a href="/wiki/501(c)(3)_organization" title="501(c)(3) organization">501(c)(3)</a> <a href="/wiki/Nonprofit_organization" title="Nonprofit organization">non-profit organization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specification_maturation">Specification maturation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Wide_Web_Consortium&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Specification maturation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>W3C develops technical specifications for <a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a>, <a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a>, <a href="/wiki/SVG" title="SVG">SVG</a>, <a href="/wiki/Web_Open_Font_Format" title="Web Open Font Format">WOFF</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Semantic_Web_Stack" title="Semantic Web Stack">Semantic Web stack</a>, <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a>, and other technologies.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sometimes, when a specification becomes too large, it is split into independent modules that can mature at their own pace. Subsequent editions of a module or specification are known as levels and are denoted by the first integer in the title (e.g. CSS3 = Level 3). Subsequent revisions on each level are denoted by an integer following a decimal point (for example, CSS2.1 = Revision 1). </p><p>The W3C standard formation process is defined within the W3C process document, outlining four maturity levels through which each new standard or recommendation must progress.<sup id="cite_ref-W3CDevProc_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W3CDevProc-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Working_draft_(WD)"><span id="Working_draft_.28WD.29"></span>Working draft (WD)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Wide_Web_Consortium&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Working draft (WD)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After enough content has been gathered from 'editor drafts' and discussion, it may be published as a working draft (WD) for review by the community. A WD document is the first form of a standard that is publicly available. Commentary by virtually anyone is accepted, though no promises are made with regard to action on any particular element commented upon.<sup id="cite_ref-W3CDevProc_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W3CDevProc-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At this stage, the standard document may have significant differences from its final form. As such, anyone who implements WD standards should be ready to significantly modify their implementations as the standard matures.<sup id="cite_ref-W3CDevProc_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W3CDevProc-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Candidate_recommendation_(CR)"><span id="Candidate_recommendation_.28CR.29"></span>Candidate recommendation (CR)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Wide_Web_Consortium&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Candidate recommendation (CR)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A candidate recommendation is a version of a more mature standard than the WD. At this point, the group responsible for the standard is satisfied that the standard meets its goal. The purpose of the CR is to elicit aid from the development community on how implementable the standard is.<sup id="cite_ref-W3CDevProc_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W3CDevProc-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The standard document may change further, but significant features are mostly decided at this point. The design of those features can still change due to feedback from implementors.<sup id="cite_ref-W3CDevProc_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W3CDevProc-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Proposed_recommendation_(PR)"><span id="Proposed_recommendation_.28PR.29"></span>Proposed recommendation (PR)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Wide_Web_Consortium&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Proposed recommendation (PR)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A proposed recommendation is the version of a standard that has passed the prior two levels. The users of the standard provide input. At this stage, the document is submitted to the W3C Advisory Council for final approval.<sup id="cite_ref-W3CDevProc_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W3CDevProc-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While this step is important, it rarely causes any significant changes to a standard as it passes to the next phase.<sup id="cite_ref-W3CDevProc_13-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W3CDevProc-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="W3C_recommendation_(REC)"><span id="W3C_recommendation_.28REC.29"></span>W3C recommendation (REC)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Wide_Web_Consortium&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: W3C recommendation (REC)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This is the most mature stage of development. At this point, the standard has undergone extensive review and testing, under both theoretical and practical conditions. The standard is now endorsed by the W3C, indicating its readiness for deployment to the public, and encouraging more widespread support among implementors and authors.<sup id="cite_ref-W3CDevProc_13-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W3CDevProc-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Recommendations can sometimes be implemented incorrectly, partially, or not at all, but many standards define two or more levels of conformance that developers must follow if they wish to label their product as W3C-compliant.<sup id="cite_ref-W3CDevProc_13-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W3CDevProc-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_revisions">Later revisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Wide_Web_Consortium&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Later revisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A recommendation may be updated or extended by separately-published, non-technical <a href="/wiki/Erratum" title="Erratum">errata</a> or editor drafts until sufficient substantial edits accumulate for producing a new edition or level of the recommendation. Additionally, the W3C publishes various kinds of informative notes which are to be used as references.<sup id="cite_ref-W3CDevProc_13-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W3CDevProc-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Certification">Certification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Wide_Web_Consortium&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Certification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unlike the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Society" title="Internet Society">Internet Society</a> and other international standards bodies, the W3C does not have a certification program. The W3C has decided, for now, that it is not suitable to start such a program, owing to the risk of creating more drawbacks for the community than benefits.<sup id="cite_ref-W3CDevProc_13-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W3CDevProc-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Wide_Web_Consortium&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In January 2023, after 28 years of being jointly administered by the <a href="/wiki/MIT_Computer_Science_and_Artificial_Intelligence_Laboratory" title="MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory">MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory</a> (located in <a href="/wiki/Stata_Center" title="Stata Center">Stata Center</a>) in the United States, the<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="word salad (July 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (in <a href="/wiki/Sophia_Antipolis" title="Sophia Antipolis">Sophia Antipolis</a>, France), <a href="/wiki/Keio_University" title="Keio University">Keio University</a> (in Japan) and <a href="/wiki/Beihang_University" title="Beihang University">Beihang University</a> (in China), the W3C incorporated as a legal entity, becoming a <a href="/wiki/Public_interest" title="Public interest">public-interest</a> <a href="/wiki/Not-for-profit_organization" title="Not-for-profit organization">not-for-profit organization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The W3C has a staff team of 70–80 worldwide as of 2015<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_Wide_Web_Consortium&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> W3C is run by a management team which allocates resources and designs strategy, led by CEO Jeffrey Jaffe<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (as of March 2010), former CTO of <a href="/wiki/Novell" title="Novell">Novell</a>. It also includes an advisory board that supports strategy and legal matters and helps resolve conflicts.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of standardization work is done by external experts in the W3C's various working groups.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Membership">Membership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Wide_Web_Consortium&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Membership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Consortium is governed by its membership. The list of members is available to the public.<sup id="cite_ref-MembersList2_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MembersList2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Members include businesses, nonprofit organizations, universities, governmental entities, and individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-membershipreq_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-membershipreq-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Membership requirements are transparent except for one requirement: An application for membership must be reviewed and approved by the W3C. Many guidelines and requirements are stated in detail, but there is no final guideline about the process or standards by which membership might be finally approved or denied.<sup id="cite_ref-membershipjoin_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-membershipjoin-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cost of membership is given on a sliding scale, depending on the character of the organization applying and the country in which it is located.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Countries are categorized by the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>'s most recent grouping by <a href="/wiki/Gross_national_income" title="Gross national income">gross national income</a> per capita.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism"><span class="anchor" id="A-EME"></span>Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Wide_Web_Consortium&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2012 and 2013, the W3C started considering adding <a href="/wiki/Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management">DRM</a>-specific <a href="/wiki/Encrypted_Media_Extensions" title="Encrypted Media Extensions">Encrypted Media Extensions</a> (EME) to <a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a>, which was criticised as being against the openness, interoperability, and vendor neutrality that distinguished websites built using only W3C standards from those requiring proprietary <a href="/wiki/Plug-in_(computing)" title="Plug-in (computing)">plug-ins</a> like <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash_Player" title="Adobe Flash Player">Flash</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 18 September 2017, the W3C published the EME specification as a recommendation, leading to the <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Frontier_Foundation" title="Electronic Frontier Foundation">Electronic Frontier Foundation</a>'s resignation from W3C.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As feared by the opponents of EME, as of 2020<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_Wide_Web_Consortium&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, none of the widely used <a href="/wiki/Encrypted_Media_Extensions#Content_Decryption_Modules" title="Encrypted Media Extensions">Content Decryption Modules</a> used with EME are available for licensing without a per-browser licensing fee.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Standards">Standards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Wide_Web_Consortium&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Standards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>W3C/<a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">Internet Engineering Task Force</a> standards (over <a href="/wiki/Internet_protocol_suite" title="Internet protocol suite">Internet protocol suite</a>): </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 26em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ActivityPub" title="ActivityPub">ActivityPub</a>, decentralized social networking protocol</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Gateway_Interface" title="Common Gateway Interface">Common Gateway Interface</a>, dynamic server-side content standard</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascading_Style_Sheets" class="mw-redirect" title="Cascading Style Sheets">CSS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CSS_animations" title="CSS animations">CSS animations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSS_box_model" title="CSS box model">CSS box model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSS_Flexible_Box_Layout" title="CSS Flexible Box Layout">CSS Flexible Box Layout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSS_grid_layout" title="CSS grid layout">CSS grid layout</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_Catalog_Vocabulary" title="Data Catalog Vocabulary">Data Catalog Vocabulary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">Document Object Model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efficient_XML_Interchange" title="Efficient XML Interchange">Efficient XML Interchange</a>, <a href="/wiki/Binary_XML" title="Binary XML">binary XML</a> format</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotion_Markup_Language" title="Emotion Markup Language">Emotion Markup Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encrypted_Media_Extensions" title="Encrypted Media Extensions">Encrypted Media Extensions</a>, DRM modules integration standard</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPUB" title="EPUB">EPUB</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Ebook" title="Ebook">ebook</a> file format</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRDDL" title="GRDDL">GRDDL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a>, standard web markup language</li> <li><a href="/wiki/JSON-LD" title="JSON-LD">JSON-LD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linked_data" title="Linked data">linked data</a> JSON extension</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MathML" title="MathML">MathML</a>, mathematical notation markup language</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multimodal_Architecture_and_Interfaces" title="Multimodal Architecture and Interfaces">Multimodal Architecture and Interfaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Ontology_Language" title="Web Ontology Language">Web Ontology Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_for_Privacy_Preferences_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Platform for Privacy Preferences Project">P3P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROV_(Provenance)" title="PROV (Provenance)">PROV</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_Description_Framework" title="Resource Description Framework">Resource Description Framework</a> (RDF), family of metadata standards and associated serialization formats <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N-Triples" title="N-Triples">N-Triples</a> and <a href="/wiki/N-Quads" class="mw-redirect" title="N-Quads">N-Quads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RDF_Schema" title="RDF Schema">RDF Schema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RDF/XML" title="RDF/XML">RDF/XML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TriG_(syntax)" title="TriG (syntax)">TriG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle_(syntax)" title="Turtle (syntax)">Turtle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_Interpretation_for_Speech_Recognition" title="Semantic Interpretation for Speech Recognition">Semantic Interpretation for Speech Recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_Knowledge_Organization_System" title="Simple Knowledge Organization System">Simple Knowledge Organization System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchronized_Multimedia_Integration_Language" title="Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language">Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOAP_(protocol)" class="mw-redirect" title="SOAP (protocol)">SOAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPARQL" title="SPARQL">SPARQL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speech_Recognition_Grammar_Specification" title="Speech Recognition Grammar Specification">Speech Recognition Grammar Specification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speech_Synthesis_Markup_Language" title="Speech Synthesis Markup Language">Speech Synthesis Markup Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Chart_XML" class="mw-redirect" title="State Chart XML">State Chart XML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalable_Vector_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Scalable Vector Graphics">Scalable Vector Graphics</a>, vector image format</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timed_Text_Markup_Language" title="Timed Text Markup Language">Timed Text Markup Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VoiceXML" title="VoiceXML">VoiceXML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAI-ARIA" title="WAI-ARIA">WAI-ARIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Content_Accessibility_Guidelines" title="Web Content Accessibility Guidelines">Web Content Accessibility Guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a>, portable binary format and assembly language</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Authentication" class="mw-redirect" title="Web Authentication">Web Authentication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebDriver" class="mw-redirect" title="WebDriver">WebDriver</a>, a platform based on language-neutral wire protocol to remotely instruct the behavior of web browsers<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_of_Things" title="Web of Things">Web of Things</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Open_Font_Format" title="Web Open Font Format">Web Open Font Format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebRTC" title="WebRTC">WebRTC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Real-time_communication" title="Real-time communication">real-time communication</a> standard</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Services_Description_Language" title="Web Services Description Language">Web Services Description Language</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_Share_API&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Web Share API (page does not exist)">Web Share API</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebVTT" title="WebVTT">WebVTT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebXR" title="WebXR">WebXR Device API</a><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML">XHTML</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XHTML%2BRDFa" title="XHTML+RDFa">XHTML+RDFa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHTML%2BVoice" title="XHTML+Voice">XHTML+Voice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> and related specifications <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XForms" title="XForms">XForms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Encryption" title="XML Encryption">XML Encryption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Events" title="XML Events">XML Events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Information_Set" title="XML Information Set">XML Information Set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W3C_XML_Schema" class="mw-redirect" title="W3C XML Schema">XML Schema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XPath" title="XPath">XPath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Signature" title="XML Signature">XML Signature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XQuery" title="XQuery">XQuery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XSL_Formatting_Objects" title="XSL Formatting Objects">XSL Formatting Objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XSL_Transformations" class="mw-redirect" title="XSL Transformations">XSLT</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=XTiger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XTiger (page does not exist)">XTiger</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Wide_Web_Consortium&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/2013/01/china-host.html.en">"W3C Invites Chinese Web Developers, Industry, Academia to Assume Greater Role in Global Web Innovation"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Boing+Boing&rft.atitle=After+years+of+insisting+that+DRM+in+HTML+wouldn%27t+block+open+source+implementations%2C+Google+says+it+won%27t+support+open+source+implementations&rft.date=2019-04-03&rft.aulast=Doctorow&rft.aufirst=Cory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fboingboing.net%2F2019%2F04%2F03%2Fi-hate-being-right-2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Wide+Web+Consortium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrothMoreau2013" class="citation web cs1">Groth, Paul; Moreau, Luc (30 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-overview-20130430/">"PROV-Overview: An Overview of the PROV Family of Documents"</a>. <i>World Wide Web Consortium</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Wide+Web+Consortium&rft.atitle=PROV-Overview%3A+An+Overview+of+the+PROV+Family+of+Documents&rft.date=2013-04-30&rft.aulast=Groth&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Moreau%2C+Luc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2F2013%2FNOTE-prov-overview-20130430%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Wide+Web+Consortium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimon_StewartDavid_Burns2022" class="citation web cs1">Simon Stewart, (Apple); David Burns, (BrowserStack) (24 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/webdriver2/">"WebDriver"</a>. <i>WebDriver W3C Working Draft 24 June 2022</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Font Format">WOFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML">XHTML</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XHTML%2BRDFa" title="XHTML+RDFa">+RDFa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XML_Base" title="XML Base">Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Encryption" title="XML Encryption">Encryption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Events" title="XML Events">Events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Information_Set" title="XML Information Set">Information Set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_namespace" title="XML namespace">Namespace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Schema_(W3C)" title="XML Schema (W3C)">Schema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Signature" title="XML Signature">Signature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XForms" title="XForms">XForms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XInclude" title="XInclude">XInclude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XLink" title="XLink">XLink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML-binary_Optimized_Packaging" title="XML-binary Optimized Packaging">XOP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XPath" title="XPath">XPath</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XPath_2.0" title="XPath 2.0">2.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XPath_3" title="XPath 3">3.x</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XPointer" title="XPointer">XPointer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XProc" title="XProc">XProc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XQuery" title="XQuery">XQuery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XSL" title="XSL">XSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XSL_Formatting_Objects" title="XSL Formatting Objects">XSL-FO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XSLT" title="XSLT">XSLT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XSLT_elements" title="XSLT elements">elements</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IndieAuth" title="IndieAuth">IndieAuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XAdES" title="XAdES">XAdES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XBL" title="XBL">XBL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHTML%2BSMIL" title="XHTML+SMIL">XHTML+SMIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_User_Interface_Protocol" title="Extensible User Interface Protocol">XUP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Working_draft_(WD)">Working drafts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Call_Control_eXtensible_Markup_Language" title="Call Control eXtensible Markup Language">CCXML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CURIE" title="CURIE">CURIE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encrypted_Media_Extensions" title="Encrypted Media Extensions">EME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InkML" title="InkML">InkML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_Source_Extensions" title="Media Source Extensions">MSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_Interchange_Format" title="Rule Interchange Format">RIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMIL_Timesheets" title="SMIL Timesheets">SMIL Timesheets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SXBL" title="SXBL">sXBL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebGPU" title="WebGPU">WebGPU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebXR" title="WebXR">WebXR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_Forms_Description_Language" title="Extensible Forms Description Language">XFDL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XFrames" title="XFrames">XFrames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XMLHttpRequest" title="XMLHttpRequest">XMLHttpRequest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Guidelines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Web_Content_Accessibility_Guidelines" title="Web Content Accessibility Guidelines">Web Content Accessibility Guidelines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Initiative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W3C_Markup_Validation_Service" title="W3C Markup Validation Service">Markup Validation Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Accessibility_Initiative" title="Web Accessibility Initiative">Web Accessibility Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Components" title="Web Components">Web Components</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deprecated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C-HTML" class="mw-redirect" title="C-HTML">C-HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handheld_Device_Markup_Language" title="Handheld Device Markup Language">HDML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript_Style_Sheets" title="JavaScript Style Sheets">JSSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precision_Graphics_Markup_Language" title="Precision Graphics Markup Language">PGML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vector_Markup_Language" title="Vector Markup Language">VML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebPlatform.org" title="WebPlatform.org">WebPlatform</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Obsoleted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P3P" title="P3P">P3P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHTML%2BMathML%2BSVG" title="XHTML+MathML+SVG">XHTML+MathML+SVG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Foundation" title="World Wide Web Foundation">World Wide Web Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elected groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=W3C_Advisory_Board&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W3C Advisory Board (page does not exist)">AB</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=W3C_Board&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W3C Board (page does not exist)">Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_Architecture_Group" title="Technical Architecture Group">TAG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Working groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CSS_Working_Group" title="CSS Working Group">CSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SVG_Working_Group" title="SVG Working Group">SVG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Authentication_Working_Group" title="Web Authentication Working Group">WebAuthn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Community & business groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Improving_Web_Advertising_Business_Group" title="Improving Web Advertising Business Group">Web Advertising BG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a> CG</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Closed groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W3C_Device_Description_Working_Group" title="W3C Device Description Working Group">Device Description</a> (DDWG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML_Working_Group" title="HTML Working Group">HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W3C_MMI" title="W3C MMI">Multimodal Interaction Activity</a> (MMI)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CERN_httpd" title="CERN httpd">CERN httpd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libwww" title="Libwww">Libwww</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">Browsers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Line_Mode_Browser" title="Line Mode Browser">Line Mode</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1990–)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_(web_browser)" title="Arena (web browser)">Arena</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1993–98)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agora_(web_browser)" title="Agora (web browser)">Agora</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1994–97)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argo_(web_browser)" title="Argo (web browser)">Argo</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1994–97)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaya_(web_editor)" title="Amaya (web editor)">Amaya</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(browser/editor, 1996–2012)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conferences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_World_Wide_Web_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="International World Wide Web Conference">International World Wide Web Conference</a> (IW3C) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_World_Wide_Web_Conferences_Steering_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee">Steering Committee</a> (IW3C2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_International_Conference_on_the_World-Wide_Web" title="First International Conference on the World-Wide Web">First conference</a> ("WWW1", 1994)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000081907712">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/122285539">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/6011098-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no96041976">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/001111916">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="World Wide Web Consortium"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20080615009&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX246982">Spain</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/244205647">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6qh3vpz">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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