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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Seventh cabinet of Indonesian government</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:auto; max-width:30em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #ededed;"><div class="fn org">First Hatta Cabinet<br /><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Kabinet Hatta I</i></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Indonesia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/50px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/75px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/100px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br />7th <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Indonesia" title="Cabinet of Indonesia">Cabinet of Indonesia</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color: #efefef; font-weight:bold;">1948–1949</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_emblem_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/National_emblem_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg/186px-National_emblem_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg.png" decoding="async" width="186" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/National_emblem_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg/279px-National_emblem_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/National_emblem_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg/372px-National_emblem_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date formed</th><td class="infobox-data">29 January 1948<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1948-01-29</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date dissolved</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>19 December 1948<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1948-12-19</span>)</span> (arrested)</li><li>4 August 1949<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1949-08-04</span>)</span> (reshuffled)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">People and organisations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Head of state</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Head of government</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Hatta" title="Mohammad Hatta">Mohammad Hatta</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> of ministers</th><td class="infobox-data">16 ministers</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Second_Amir_Sjarifuddin_Cabinet" title="Second Amir Sjarifuddin Cabinet">Amir Sjarifuddin II Cabinet</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sjafruddin_Emergency_Cabinet" title="Sjafruddin Emergency Cabinet">Emergency Cabinet</a> (<a href="/wiki/Emergency_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Indonesia" title="Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia">exile</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Hatta_Cabinet" title="Second Hatta Cabinet">Hatta II Cabinet</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks sidebar-person vcard hlist" style="border-color: #D20000"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><table><tbody><tr> <td class="sidebar-person-title-image" style="background-color:#D20000;color:inherit;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Presiden_Sukarno.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Presiden_Sukarno.jpg/75px-Presiden_Sukarno.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Presiden_Sukarno.jpg/113px-Presiden_Sukarno.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Presiden_Sukarno.jpg/150px-Presiden_Sukarno.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3156" data-file-height="4557" /></a></span></td> <td class="sidebar-person-title" style="background-color:#D20000;color: #FFF;"><div><span class="tmp-color" style="color: #FFF">This article is part of <br />a series about</span></div><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #FFF; text-decoration: inherit;">Sukarno</span></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <p><b>1st <a href="/wiki/President_of_Indonesia" title="President of Indonesia">President of Indonesia</a></b> </p> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Pre-Independence</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Party" title="Indonesian National Party">PNI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partindo" title="Partindo">Partindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defenders_of_the_Homeland" title="Defenders of the Homeland">PETA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investigating_Committee_for_Preparatory_Work_for_Independence" title="Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence">BPUPK</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pancasila_(politics)" title="Pancasila (politics)">Pancasila</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preparatory_Committee_for_Indonesian_Independence" title="Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence">PPKI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian National Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Indonesian_Independence" title="Proclamation of Indonesian Independence">Proclamation of Independence</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Domestic policy</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/APRA_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="APRA coup d'état">APRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Ambon" title="Invasion of Ambon">Ambon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permesta" title="Permesta">Permesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darul_Islam_(Indonesia)" title="Darul Islam (Indonesia)">DI/TII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Souths_Affair" title="Three Souths Affair">Three Souths Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marhaenism" title="Marhaenism">Marhaenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guided_Democracy_in_Indonesia" title="Guided Democracy in Indonesia">Guided Democracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_Sukarno%27s_1959_Decree" title="President Sukarno's 1959 Decree">5 July Decree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasakom" title="Nasakom">Nasakom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Monument_(Indonesia)" title="National Monument (Indonesia)">Monas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_September_Movement" title="30 September Movement">G30S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supersemar" title="Supersemar">Supersemar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_to_the_New_Order" title="Transition to the New Order">Fall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De-Sukarnoization" title="De-Sukarnoization">De-Sukarnoization</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Foreign policy</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Non-aligned_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-aligned movement">Non-aligned movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandung_Conference" title="Bandung Conference">Bandung Conference</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_Asian_Games" title="1962 Asian Games">1962 Asian Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CONEFO" title="CONEFO">CONEFO</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GANEFO" title="GANEFO">GANEFO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DPR/MPR_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="DPR/MPR Building">building</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_New_Guinea_dispute" title="West New Guinea dispute">West Irian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Trikora" title="Operation Trikora">Trikora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_Free_Choice" title="Act of Free Choice"><i>Pepera</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Malaysia_confrontation" title="Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation"><i>Konfrontasi</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_Straits_Crisis" title="Sunda Straits Crisis">Sunda Straits Crisis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Speeches</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia_Accuses" title="Indonesia Accuses"><i>Indonesia Menggugat</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivere_pericoloso" title="Vivere pericoloso"><i>Tahun Vivere Pericoloso</i></a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Family</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li>Spouses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fatmawati" title="Fatmawati">Fatmawati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewi_Sukarno" title="Dewi Sukarno">Dewi</a></li></ul></li> <li>Children <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rukmini_Sukarno" title="Rukmini Sukarno">Rukmini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megawati_Sukarnoputri" title="Megawati Sukarnoputri">Megawati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachmawati_Sukarnoputri" title="Rachmawati Sukarnoputri">Rachmawati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukmawati_Sukarnoputri" title="Sukmawati Sukarnoputri">Sukmawati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guruh_Sukarnoputra" title="Guruh Sukarnoputra">Guruh</a></li></ul></li> <li>Grandchildren <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puan_Maharani" title="Puan Maharani">Puan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Media and legacy</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grave_of_Sukarno" title="Grave of Sukarno">Grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soekarno_(film)" title="Soekarno (film)"><i>Soekarno</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bung_Karno_Seclusion_House" title="Bung Karno Seclusion House">Seclusion house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soekarno%E2%80%93Hatta_International_Airport" title="Soekarno–Hatta International Airport">Soekarno–Hatta International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelora_Bung_Karno_Stadium" title="Gelora Bung Karno Stadium">Gelora Bung Karno Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRI_Bung_Karno" title="KRI Bung Karno">KRI <i>Bung Karno</i></a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="skin-invert-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno's signature"><img alt="Sukarno's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Sukarno_Signature.svg/160px-Sukarno_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Sukarno_Signature.svg/240px-Sukarno_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Sukarno_Signature.svg/320px-Sukarno_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="65" /></a></span></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indonesian_Presidential_Seal_gold.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Indonesian_Presidential_Seal_gold.svg/70px-Indonesian_Presidential_Seal_gold.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Indonesian_Presidential_Seal_gold.svg/105px-Indonesian_Presidential_Seal_gold.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Indonesian_Presidential_Seal_gold.svg/140px-Indonesian_Presidential_Seal_gold.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="587" data-file-height="591" /></a></span> </p> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:_Sukarno" class="extiw" title="commons:Category: Sukarno"><b>Gallery</b>: Picture, Sound, Video</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sukarno_series" title="Template:Sukarno series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sukarno_series" title="Template talk:Sukarno series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sukarno_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sukarno series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mohd_Hatta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Mohd_Hatta.jpg/220px-Mohd_Hatta.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Mohd_Hatta.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="373" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Hatta" title="Mohammad Hatta">Mohammad Hatta</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>First Hatta Cabinet</b> (<a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>: <i lang="id">Kabinet Hatta I</i>) was <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>'s seventh cabinet. It was formed by Vice President <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Hatta" title="Mohammad Hatta">Mohammad Hatta</a>, who was instructed to do so by President <a href="/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a> on 23 January 1948, the same day the <a href="/wiki/Amir_Sjarifuddin_II_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Amir Sjarifuddin II Cabinet">previous cabinet</a> was declared dissolved. Following the second <a href="/wiki/Operatie_Kraai" class="mw-redirect" title="Operatie Kraai">Dutch military aggression</a>, when the republican capital of <a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta" title="Yogyakarta">Yogyakarta</a> was seized and most of the cabinet arrested, much of the cabinet was captured and sent into exile, although it was not formally disbanded. After the political leadership returned effective 13 July 1949 the cabinet continued its mandate until it was reshuffled on 4 August. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formation">Formation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Hatta_Cabinet&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Formation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Second_Amir_Sjarifuddin_Cabinet" title="Second Amir Sjarifuddin Cabinet">Second Amir Sjarifuddin Cabinet</a>, under Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Amir_Sjarifuddin" title="Amir Sjarifuddin">Amir Sjarifuddin</a>, fell on 23 January 1948 following popular outrage over the <a href="/wiki/Renville_Agreement" title="Renville Agreement">Renville Agreement</a>, which the populace considered having given away too much of the nascent country's political power.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuprapto198578_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuprapto198578-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Hatta" title="Mohammad Hatta">Mohammad Hatta</a>, then serving as <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Indonesia" title="Vice President of Indonesia">vice president</a>, was asked by President <a href="/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a> to <a href="/wiki/Formateur" title="Formateur">form</a> a new cabinet which united the country's political parties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuprapto198578_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuprapto198578-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hatta kept ten members of the previous cabinet, although he did away with the deputy ministers<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuprapto198580_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuprapto198580-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and removed ministers with <a href="/wiki/Leftist" class="mw-redirect" title="Leftist">leftist</a> leanings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuljana2008134_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuljana2008134-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cabinet was formed on 29 January 1948, with Hatta serving concurrently as vice president and <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Indonesia" title="Prime Minister of Indonesia">prime minister</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuprapto198579_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuprapto198579-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It formally took office on 2 February.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuljana2008135_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuljana2008135-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its mandate focused on dealing with the Renville agreement, developing the nation, and working towards a consolidated government.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuprapto198581_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuprapto198581-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With General <a href="/wiki/Sudirman" title="Sudirman">Sudirman</a>, commander in chief of the <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Indonesia">military</a>, Hatta worked to reduce leftist influences in the armed forces, which had been exploited during Sjarifuddin's cabinet.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEImran198042–45_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEImran198042–45-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Hatta's work was greatly weakened by continued division over the Renville Agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuljana2008148_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuljana2008148-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Indonesian legal scholar and politician Bibit Suprapto writes that the Hatta Cabinets were not truly parliamentary, as Hatta continued to serve in/ the executive branch of the government, but also not truly presidential, as Hatta formally held the title of prime minister.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuprapto198579_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuprapto198579-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Composition">Composition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Hatta_Cabinet&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hatta_1_Cabinet_KR_2_Feb_1948_p1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Hatta_1_Cabinet_KR_2_Feb_1948_p1.jpg/220px-Hatta_1_Cabinet_KR_2_Feb_1948_p1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="357" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Hatta_1_Cabinet_KR_2_Feb_1948_p1.jpg/330px-Hatta_1_Cabinet_KR_2_Feb_1948_p1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Hatta_1_Cabinet_KR_2_Feb_1948_p1.jpg/440px-Hatta_1_Cabinet_KR_2_Feb_1948_p1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="609" data-file-height="987" /></a><figcaption>The initial composition of the First Hatta Cabinet</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Prime Minister: <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Hatta" title="Mohammad Hatta">Mohammad Hatta</a></li> <li>Minister of Home Affairs <i>ad interim</i>: <a href="/wiki/Soekiman_Wirjosandjojo" title="Soekiman Wirjosandjojo">Soekiman Wirjosandjojo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Masyumi_Party" title="Masyumi Party">Masyumi</a>)</li> <li>Minister of Foreign Affairs <i>ad interim</i>: <a href="/wiki/Agus_Salim" title="Agus Salim">Agus Salim</a></li> <li>Minister of Defense <i>ad interim</i>: <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Hatta" title="Mohammad Hatta">Mohammad Hatta</a></li> <li>Minister of Justice: <a href="/wiki/Susanto_Tirtoprodjo" title="Susanto Tirtoprodjo">Soesanto Tirtoprodjo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Party" title="Indonesian National Party">PNI</a>)</li> <li>Minister of Finance: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Andries_Maramis" title="Alexander Andries Maramis">A. A. Maramis</a> (PNI)</li> <li>Minister of Welfare: <a href="/wiki/Sjafruddin_Prawiranegara" title="Sjafruddin Prawiranegara">Sjafruddin Prawiranegara</a> (Masyumi)</li> <li>Minister of Education and Culture: <a href="/wiki/Ali_Sastroamidjojo" title="Ali Sastroamidjojo">Ali Sastroamidjojo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Party" title="Indonesian National Party">Indonesian National Party</a> – PNI)</li> <li>Minister of Health: Dr. <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Leimena" title="Johannes Leimena">Johannes Leimena</a> (Parkindo)</li> <li>Minister of Religious Affairs: <a href="/wiki/Masjkur" title="Masjkur">Masjkoer</a> (Masyumi)</li> <li>Minister of Labor and Social Affairs: Koesnan (PGRI)</li> <li>Minister of Development and Youth Affairs: <a href="/wiki/Supeno" title="Supeno">Supeno</a> (<a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(Indonesia)" title="Socialist Party (Indonesia)">Socialist Party</a>)</li> <li>Minister of Transportation: <a href="/wiki/Djuanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Djuanda">Djuanda</a></li> <li>Minister of Public Works <i>ad interim</i>: Djuanda</li> <li>Minister of Information: <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Natsir" title="Mohammad Natsir">Mohammad Natsir</a> (Masyumi)</li> <li>State Coordinating Minister for Domestic Security: Sultan <a href="/wiki/Hamengkubuwana_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamengkubuwana IX">Hamengkubuwana IX</a></li></ul> <p>Several changes to this line-up were made during the course of the cabinet. Juanda was replaced as Minister of Public Works on 13 April 1948 by <a href="/wiki/Herling_Laoh" title="Herling Laoh">Herling Laoh</a>. Hamengkubuwana IX replaced Hatta as Minister of Defence on 15 July 1948. Supeno died in on 24 February 1949 and was not replaced.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESecretariat,_Kabinet_Hatta_I_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESecretariat,_Kabinet_Hatta_I-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Hatta_Cabinet&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The First Hatta Cabinet was marked by an increase in <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Indonesia" title="Foreign relations of Indonesia">international recognition of the country</a>. Yemen and the Soviet Union, for example, recognised Indonesia's independence in May 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuprapto198581–84_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuprapto198581–84-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internal_dissent">Internal dissent</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Hatta_Cabinet&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Internal dissent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The former prime minister, Sjarifuddin, did not accept the fall of his cabinet; leftist forces had controlled the cabinet since <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Indonesian_Independence" title="Proclamation of Indonesian Independence">Indonesia's independence</a> in 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuljana2008136_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuljana2008136-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Together with the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Communist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian Communist Party">Communist Party</a> figure Muso, he formed the People's Democracy Front (<span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Front Demokrasi Rakyat</i></span>, or FDR), which opposed the Hatta cabinet and called for a new, leftist, cabinet. In early February 1948 they were already meeting and discussing how to handle the new cabinet.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuljana2008143_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuljana2008143-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The FDR surmised that the cabinet, which prominently featured the Muslim-backed party Masyumi, would be unable to fulfill their mandate and what projects were completed would be against the needs of socialists and communists.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuljana2008144_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuljana2008144-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They gave the cabinet the titles "Masyumi Cabinet" and "Bourgeois Cabinet". Throughout early 1948 the FDR criticised Islamic groups and the groups in power; they also led several strikes and called for the Hatta Cabinet to unilaterally renege the Renville Agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuprapto198581–84_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuprapto198581–84-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response, the government freed <a href="/wiki/Tan_Malaka" title="Tan Malaka">Tan Malaka</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Political_prisoner" title="Political prisoner">political prisoners</a> beginning in mid-August; although those freed were also communist, they were staunchly opposed to the FDR and worked at subverting the FDR's work.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuljana2008154_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuljana2008154-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This dissent culminated in the <a href="/wiki/Madiun_Affair" title="Madiun Affair">Madiun Affair</a>, in which FDR forces, under the command of Muso, Sjarifuddin, and other leftist figures, seized the city of <a href="/wiki/Madiun" title="Madiun">Madiun</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Java" title="East Java">East Java</a>, on 18 September 1948; the FDR razed homes and killed more than a thousand people, mostly Islamic figures. Four days later the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Army" title="Indonesian Army">Indonesian Army</a> deployed to retake the city. The first troops arrived on 30 September and began fighting the following day, retaking the city. FDR members spread out over the area, leading to the army spending several months hunting them. Muso was killed in early October, while Sjarifuddin was captured on 29 November and executed the following month.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuprapto198581–84_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuprapto198581–84-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dutch_pressure">Dutch pressure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Hatta_Cabinet&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Dutch pressure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the Renville Agreement, the <a href="/wiki/Van_Mook_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Van Mook Line">Van Mook Line</a> – which separated Dutch-held areas from those held by the Indonesian republic – was formally recognised. Behind the line the Dutch established numerous minor nation-states in areas claimed by Indonesia, including <a href="/wiki/Madura" title="Madura">Madura</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pasundan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasundan">Pasundan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuprapto198581–84_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuprapto198581–84-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numerous skirmishes occurred along the line, incurred by both Indonesian and Dutch troops.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuprapto198585_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuprapto198585-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Dutch forces also continued to block the Indonesian archipelago, preventing supplies from reaching the people.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuljana2008137_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuljana2008137-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As such, by December tensions between the two forces were high.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuprapto198585_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuprapto198585-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fall">Fall</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Hatta_Cabinet&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Fall"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During <a href="/wiki/Operation_Kraai" title="Operation Kraai">Operation Kraai</a>, a Dutch assault on the capital at <a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta" title="Yogyakarta">Yogyakarta</a> which began on 19 December 1948, the cabinet and President Sukarno were captured and exiled. An <a href="/wiki/Sjafruddin_Emergency_Cabinet" title="Sjafruddin Emergency Cabinet">emergency cabinet</a>, under <a href="/wiki/Sjafruddin_Prawiranegara" title="Sjafruddin Prawiranegara">Sjafruddin Prawiranegara</a>, was established in <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>; however, the Hatta Cabinet was not formally disbanded.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuprapto198585_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuprapto198585-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the political leadership was released and returned to Yogyakarta, Prawiranegara returned control of the country to Hatta's cabinet effective 13 July 1949; the Hatta cabinet retained its line-up until 4 August 1949, when it was <a href="/wiki/Second_Hatta_Cabinet" title="Second Hatta Cabinet">reshuffled</a>, again with Hatta as prime minister.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuprapto198586_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuprapto198586-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Hatta_Cabinet&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Footnotes</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESuprapto198578-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuprapto198578_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuprapto198578_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSuprapto1985">Suprapto 1985</a>, p. 78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESuprapto198580-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuprapto198580_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSuprapto1985">Suprapto 1985</a>, p. 80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuljana2008134-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuljana2008134_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMuljana2008">Muljana 2008</a>, p. 134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESuprapto198579-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuprapto198579_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuprapto198579_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSuprapto1985">Suprapto 1985</a>, p. 79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuljana2008135-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuljana2008135_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMuljana2008">Muljana 2008</a>, p. 135.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESuprapto198581-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuprapto198581_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSuprapto1985">Suprapto 1985</a>, p. 81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEImran198042–45-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEImran198042–45_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFImran1980">Imran 1980</a>, pp. 42–45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuljana2008148-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuljana2008148_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMuljana2008">Muljana 2008</a>, p. 148.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESecretariat,_Kabinet_Hatta_I-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESecretariat,_Kabinet_Hatta_I_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSecretariat,_Kabinet_Hatta_I">Secretariat, Kabinet Hatta I</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESuprapto198581–84-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuprapto198581–84_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuprapto198581–84_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuprapto198581–84_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuprapto198581–84_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSuprapto1985">Suprapto 1985</a>, pp. 81–84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuljana2008136-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuljana2008136_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMuljana2008">Muljana 2008</a>, p. 136.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuljana2008143-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuljana2008143_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMuljana2008">Muljana 2008</a>, p. 143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuljana2008144-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuljana2008144_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMuljana2008">Muljana 2008</a>, p. 144.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuljana2008154-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuljana2008154_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMuljana2008">Muljana 2008</a>, p. 154.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESuprapto198585-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuprapto198585_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuprapto198585_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuprapto198585_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSuprapto1985">Suprapto 1985</a>, p. 85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuljana2008137-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuljana2008137_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMuljana2008">Muljana 2008</a>, p. 137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESuprapto198586-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuprapto198586_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSuprapto1985">Suprapto 1985</a>, p. 86.</span> </li> </ol></div> <p><b>Bibliography</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSecretariat,_Kabinet_Hatta_I" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120529083205/http://setkab.go.id/profil-kabinet-20-kabinet-hatta-i.html">"Kabinet Hatta I"</a> [First Hatta Cabinet] (in Indonesian). Cabinet Secretariat of Indonesia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.setkab.go.id/profil-kabinet-20-kabinet-hatta-i.html">the original</a> on 29 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kabinet+Hatta+I&rft.pub=Cabinet+Secretariat+of+Indonesia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.setkab.go.id%2Fprofil-kabinet-20-kabinet-hatta-i.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Hatta+Cabinet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFImran1980" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Imran, Amrin (1980). <i>Panglima Besar Jenderal Soedirman</i> [<i>Commander in Chief General Soedirman</i>] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Mutiara. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/220643587">220643587</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Panglima+Besar+Jenderal+Soedirman&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pub=Mutiara&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F220643587&rft.aulast=Imran&rft.aufirst=Amrin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Hatta+Cabinet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuljana2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Muljana, Slamet (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wX6r7jyDS_AC"><i>Kesadaran Nasional: Dari Kolonialisme sampai Kemerdekaan</i></a> [<i>National Awakening: From Colonialism to Independence</i>] (in Indonesian). Yogyakarta: LkiS Pelangi Aksara. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-979-1283-57-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-979-1283-57-1"><bdi>978-979-1283-57-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kesadaran+Nasional%3A+Dari+Kolonialisme+sampai+Kemerdekaan&rft.place=Yogyakarta&rft.pub=LkiS+Pelangi+Aksara&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-979-1283-57-1&rft.aulast=Muljana&rft.aufirst=Slamet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwX6r7jyDS_AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Hatta+Cabinet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuprapto1985" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Suprapto, Bibit (1985). <i>Perkembangan Kabinet dan Pemerintahan Indonesia</i> [<i>Development of Indonesian Cabinets and Government</i>] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Ghalia. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/13555282">13555282</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Perkembangan+Kabinet+dan+Pemerintahan+Indonesia&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pub=Ghalia&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F13555282&rft.aulast=Suprapto&rft.aufirst=Bibit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Hatta+Cabinet" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Indonesia&#124;link=Indonesia_List_of_Cabinets_of_Indonesia" 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id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Indonesia&#124;link=Indonesia_List_of_Cabinets_of_Indonesia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Indonesia#List_of_Indonesian_cabinets" title="Cabinet of Indonesia">List of Cabinets of Indonesia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian 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href="/wiki/Third_Sjahrir_Cabinet" title="Third Sjahrir Cabinet">Sjahrir III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Amir_Sjarifuddin_Cabinet" title="First Amir Sjarifuddin Cabinet">Amir Sjarifuddin I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Amir_Sjarifuddin_Cabinet" title="Second Amir Sjarifuddin Cabinet">Amir Sjarifuddin II</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hatta I</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sjafruddin_Emergency_Cabinet" title="Sjafruddin Emergency Cabinet">Emergency (Sjafruddin)</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Hatta_Cabinet" title="Second Hatta Cabinet">Hatta II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Indonesia" title="United States of Indonesia">United States of Indonesia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_United_States_of_Indonesia_Cabinet" title="Republic of the United States of Indonesia Cabinet">United States of Indonesia Cabinet</a> (central/federal cabinet)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Indonesia_(1949%E2%80%931950)" title="Republic of Indonesia (1949–1950)">Republic of Indonesia</a> cabinets (state cabinet) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Susanto_Cabinet" title="Susanto Cabinet">Susanto</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halim_Cabinet" title="Halim Cabinet">Halim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_State_of_East_Indonesia" title="Cabinet of the State of East Indonesia">State of East Indonesia cabinets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Pasundan" title="State of Pasundan">State of Pasundan</a> cabinets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adil_Cabinet" title="Adil Cabinet">Adil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Djumhana_Cabinet" title="First Djumhana Cabinet">Djumhana I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Djumhana_Cabinet" title="Second Djumhana Cabinet">Djumhana II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Djumhana_Cabinet" title="Third Djumhana Cabinet">Djumhana III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Tjokroaminoto_Cabinet" title="Anwar Tjokroaminoto Cabinet">Anwar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy_period_in_Indonesia" title="Liberal democracy period in Indonesia">Liberal Democracy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natsir_Cabinet" title="Natsir Cabinet">Natsir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soekiman_Cabinet" title="Soekiman Cabinet">Sukiman-Suwirjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilopo_Cabinet" title="Wilopo Cabinet">Wilopo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Ali_Sastroamidjojo_Cabinet" title="First Ali Sastroamidjojo Cabinet">Ali Sastroamidjojo I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burhanuddin_Harahap_Cabinet" title="Burhanuddin Harahap Cabinet">Burhanuddin Harahap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Ali_Sastroamidjojo_Cabinet" title="Second Ali Sastroamidjojo Cabinet">Ali Sastroamidjojo II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djuanda_Cabinet" title="Djuanda Cabinet">Djuanda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guided_Democracy_in_Indonesia" title="Guided Democracy in Indonesia">Guided Democracy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Working_Cabinet" title="First Working Cabinet">Working I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Working_Cabinet_(Sukarno)" title="Second Working Cabinet (Sukarno)">Working II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Working_Cabinet" title="Third Working Cabinet">Working III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Working_Cabinet" title="Fourth Working Cabinet">Working IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwikora_Cabinet" title="Dwikora Cabinet">Dwikora I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revised_Dwikora_Cabinet" title="Revised Dwikora Cabinet">Dwikora II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Revised_Dwikora_Cabinet" title="Second Revised Dwikora Cabinet">Dwikora III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ampera_Cabinet" title="Ampera Cabinet">Ampera I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revised_Ampera_Cabinet" title="Revised Ampera Cabinet">Ampera II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Order_(Indonesia)" title="New Order (Indonesia)">New Order</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Development_Cabinet" title="First Development Cabinet">Development I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Development_Cabinet" title="Second Development Cabinet">Development II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Development_Cabinet" title="Third Development Cabinet">Development III</a></li> <li><a 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