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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Art</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Art-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Art subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Tools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Association_with_modern_humans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Association_with_modern_humans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Association with modern humans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Association_with_modern_humans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Genetics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Location" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Location"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Location</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Location-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Location subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Location-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Near-East" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Near-East"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Near-East</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Near-East-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Aurignacian</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="أورينياسية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أورينياسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevenadur_Aurignac" title="Sevenadur Aurignac – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Sevenadur Aurignac" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurinyaci%C3%A0" title="Aurinyacià – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aurinyacià" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurignacien" title="Aurignacien – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Aurignacien" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diwylliant_Aurignac" title="Diwylliant Aurignac – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Diwylliant Aurignac" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurignacienkultur" title="Aurignacienkultur – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Aurignacienkultur" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurignacien" title="Aurignacien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Aurignacien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auri%C3%B1aciense" title="Auriñaciense – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Auriñaciense" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C5%ADrinjaka_kulturo" title="Aŭrinjaka kulturo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aŭrinjaka kulturo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurignac_aldi" title="Aurignac aldi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Aurignac aldi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%86" title="اوریگنیشن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اوریگنیشن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurignacien" title="Aurignacien – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aurignacien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EB%A6%AC%EB%83%90%ED%81%AC_%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94" title="오리냐크 문화 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오리냐크 문화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%A9" title="Օրինյակի մշակույթ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օրինյակի մշակույթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurignacien" title="Aurignacien – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Aurignacien" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurignasia" title="Aurignasia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Aurignasia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurignaziano" title="Aurignaziano – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aurignaziano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%AA" title="התרבות האוריניאקית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="התרבות האוריניאקית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%83%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF" title="ಆರಿಗ್ನೇಷಿಯನ್ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆರಿಗ್ನೇಷಿಯನ್ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%96" title="Ориньяк мәдениеті – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ориньяк мәдениеті" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurignacium" title="Aurignacium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aurignacium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orinjako_kult%C5%ABra" title="Orinjako kultūra – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Orinjako kultūra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultur_auriniasian" title="Cultur auriniasian – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Cultur auriniasian" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurignaci_kult%C3%BAra" title="Aurignaci kultúra – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Aurignaci kultúra" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%9A%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Орињачка култура – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Орињачка култура" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurignacien" title="Aurignacien – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aurignacien" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A3%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="オーリニャック文化 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オーリニャック文化" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurignackulturen" title="Aurignackulturen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Aurignackulturen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurinhacian" title="Aurinhacian – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Aurinhacian" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orinyak_madaniyati" title="Orinyak madaniyati – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Orinyak madaniyati" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kultura_oryniacka" title="Kultura oryniacka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kultura oryniacka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_Aurignaciano" title="Período Aurignaciano – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Período Aurignaciano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurignacian" title="Aurignacian – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Aurignacian" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Ориньякская культура – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ориньякская культура" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurignacien" title="Aurignacien – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Aurignacien" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%9A%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Орињачка култура – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Орињачка култура" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurigna%C4%8Dka_kultura" title="Aurignačka kultura – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Aurignačka kultura" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurignacin_kulttuuri" title="Aurignacin kulttuuri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aurignacin kulttuuri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurignacienkulturen" title="Aurignacienkulturen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Aurignacienkulturen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orinyasiyen" title="Orinyasiyen – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Orinyasiyen" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Upper Paleolithic culture of Europe</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Europe" title="Prehistoric Europe">Prehistoric Europe</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Aurignacian</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Lions_painting,_Chauvet_Cave_(museum_replica).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Lions_painting%2C_Chauvet_Cave_%28museum_replica%29.jpg/300px-Lions_painting%2C_Chauvet_Cave_%28museum_replica%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Lions_painting%2C_Chauvet_Cave_%28museum_replica%29.jpg/450px-Lions_painting%2C_Chauvet_Cave_%28museum_replica%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Lions_painting%2C_Chauvet_Cave_%28museum_replica%29.jpg/600px-Lions_painting%2C_Chauvet_Cave_%28museum_replica%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2015" data-file-height="1721" /></a></span><br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Aurignacian_culture_map-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Aurignacian_culture_map-en.svg/300px-Aurignacian_culture_map-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Aurignacian_culture_map-en.svg/450px-Aurignacian_culture_map-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Aurignacian_culture_map-en.svg/600px-Aurignacian_culture_map-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="540" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Panthera_spelaea" title="Panthera spelaea">Cave lion</a> drawings from the <a href="/wiki/Chauvet_Cave" title="Chauvet Cave">Chauvet Cave</a>, 37,000 to 33,500 years old, and a map of Aurignacian sites</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Geographical range</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Period</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Upper_Paleolithic" title="Upper Paleolithic">Upper Paleolithic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dates</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 43,000 – c. 28,000 BP<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Type_site" title="Type site">Type site</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aurignac" title="Aurignac">Aurignac</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ahmarian" title="Ahmarian">Ahmarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2telperronian" title="Châtelperronian">Châtelperronian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Followed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gravettian" title="Gravettian">Gravettian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mal%27ta%E2%80%93Buret%27_culture" title="Mal'ta–Buret' culture">Mal'ta–Buret' culture</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Defined by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Breuil" title="Henri Breuil">Breuil</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Cartailhac" title="Émile Cartailhac">Cartailhac</a>, 1906<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Expansion_of_early_modern_humans_from_Africa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Expansion_of_early_modern_humans_from_Africa.jpg/300px-Expansion_of_early_modern_humans_from_Africa.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Expansion_of_early_modern_humans_from_Africa.jpg/450px-Expansion_of_early_modern_humans_from_Africa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Expansion_of_early_modern_humans_from_Africa.jpg/600px-Expansion_of_early_modern_humans_from_Africa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1693" data-file-height="795" /></a><figcaption>The expansion of <a href="/wiki/European_early_modern_humans" class="mw-redirect" title="European early modern humans">early modern humans</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> where the <a href="/wiki/Levantine_Aurignacian" title="Levantine Aurignacian">Levantine Aurignacian</a> stage has been identified</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Aurignacian</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɔːr/: 'ar' in 'war'">ɔːr</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/ən/: 'on' in 'button'">ən</span></span>/</a></span></span>) is an <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeological industry">archaeological industry</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Paleolithic" title="Upper Paleolithic">Upper Paleolithic</a> associated with <a href="/wiki/Cro-Magnon" title="Cro-Magnon">Early European modern humans</a> (EEMH) lasting from 43,000 to 26,000 years ago. The Upper Paleolithic developed in Europe some time after the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a>, where the <a href="/wiki/Emiran" title="Emiran">Emiran period</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ahmarian" title="Ahmarian">Ahmarian period</a> form the first periods of the Upper Paleolithic, corresponding to the first stages of the expansion of <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo sapiens">Homo sapiens</a></i> out of Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-RGK_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RGK-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They then migrated to Europe and created the first European culture of modern humans, the Aurignacian.<sup id="cite_ref-WBEHE_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WBEHE-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Proto-Aurignacian and the Early Aurignacian stages are dated between about 43,000 and 37,000 years ago. The Aurignacian proper lasted from about 37,000 to 33,000 years ago. A Late Aurignacian phase transitional with the <a href="/wiki/Gravettian" title="Gravettian">Gravettian</a> dates to about 33,000 to 26,000 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WBEHE_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WBEHE-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Type_site" title="Type site">type site</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Aurignac" title="Cave of Aurignac">Cave of Aurignac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haute-Garonne" title="Haute-Garonne">Haute-Garonne</a>, south-west <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. The main preceding period is the <a href="/wiki/Mousterian" title="Mousterian">Mousterian</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Neanderthals" class="mw-redirect" title="Neanderthals">Neanderthals</a>. </p><p>One of the oldest examples of <a href="/wiki/Figurative_art" title="Figurative art">figurative art</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Hohle_Fels" title="Venus of Hohle Fels">Venus of Hohle Fels</a>, comes from the Aurignacian or Proto-Gravettian and is dated to between 40,000 and 35,000 years ago (though now earlier figurative art may be known, see <a href="/wiki/Lubang_Jeriji_Sal%C3%A9h" title="Lubang Jeriji Saléh">Lubang Jeriji Saléh</a>). It was discovered in September 2008 in a cave at <a href="/wiki/Schelklingen" title="Schelklingen">Schelklingen</a> in <a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a> in <a href="/wiki/Western_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Germany">western Germany</a>. The German <a href="/wiki/Lion-man" title="Lion-man">Lion-man</a> figure is given a similar date range. </p><p>A "<a href="/wiki/Levantine_Aurignacian" title="Levantine Aurignacian">Levantine Aurignacian</a>" culture is known from the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a>, with a type of blade technology very similar to the European Aurignacian, following chronologically the <a href="/wiki/Emiran" title="Emiran">Emiran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ahmarian" title="Ahmarian">Early Ahmarian</a> in the same area of the <a href="/wiki/Near_East" title="Near East">Near East</a>, and also closely related to them.<sup id="cite_ref-JJS_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JJS-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Levantine Aurignacian may have preceded European Aurignacian, but there is a possibility that the Levantine Aurignacian was rather the result of reverse influence from the European Aurignacian: this remains unsettled.<sup id="cite_ref-JKW_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JKW-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_characteristics">Main characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurignacian&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Main characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Loewenmensch1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Loewenmensch1.jpg/166px-Loewenmensch1.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Loewenmensch1.jpg/249px-Loewenmensch1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Loewenmensch1.jpg/333px-Loewenmensch1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2218" data-file-height="3944" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6wenmensch_figurine" class="mw-redirect" title="Löwenmensch figurine">Lion-man of Hohlenstein-Stadel</a>, Germany, 40,000 BP</figcaption></figure> <p>The Aurignacians are part of the wave of <a href="/wiki/Anatomically_modern_humans" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatomically modern humans">anatomically modern humans</a> thought to have spread from <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Near_East" title="Near East">Near East</a> into <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_Europe" title="Paleolithic Europe">Paleolithic Europe</a>, and became known as <a href="/wiki/European_early_modern_humans" class="mw-redirect" title="European early modern humans">European early modern humans</a>, or Cro-Magnons.<sup id="cite_ref-RGK_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RGK-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This wave of anatomically modern humans includes fossils of the <a href="/wiki/Ahmarian" title="Ahmarian">Ahmarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bohunician" title="Bohunician">Bohunician</a>, Aurignacian, <a href="/wiki/Gravettian" title="Gravettian">Gravettian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solutrean" title="Solutrean">Solutrean</a> and <a href="/wiki/Magdalenian" title="Magdalenian">Magdalenian</a> cultures, extending throughout the <a href="/wiki/Last_Glacial_Maximum" title="Last Glacial Maximum">Last Glacial Maximum</a> (LGM), covering the period of roughly 48,000 to 15,000 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-RGK_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RGK-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In terms of population, the Aurignacian cultural complex is chronologically associated with the human remains of <a href="/wiki/Goyet_Caves" title="Goyet Caves">Goyet Q116-1</a>, while the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Gravettian" title="Gravettian">Gravettian</a> is associated with the <a href="/wiki/Vestonice_cluster" class="mw-redirect" title="Vestonice cluster">Vestonice cluster</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Aurignacian tool industry is characterized by worked <a href="/wiki/Bone" title="Bone">bone</a> or <a href="/wiki/Antler" title="Antler">antler</a> points with grooves cut in the bottom. Their flint tools include fine <a href="/wiki/Blade_(archaeology)" title="Blade (archaeology)">blades</a> and bladelets struck from prepared <a href="/wiki/Lithic_core" title="Lithic core">cores</a> rather than using crude <a href="/wiki/Lithic_flake" title="Lithic flake">flakes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MellarsArcheology_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MellarsArcheology-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The people of this culture also produced some of the earliest known <a href="/wiki/Cave_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Cave art">cave art</a>, such as the animal engravings at <a href="/wiki/Trois_Freres" class="mw-redirect" title="Trois Freres">Trois Freres</a> and the paintings at <a href="/wiki/Chauvet_cave" class="mw-redirect" title="Chauvet cave">Chauvet cave</a> in southern France. They also made <a href="/wiki/Pendant" title="Pendant">pendants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bracelet" title="Bracelet">bracelets</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">ivory</a> beads, as well as three-dimensional figurines. <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A2ton_de_commandement" class="mw-redirect" title="Bâton de commandement">Perforated rods</a>, thought to be spear throwers or shaft wrenches, also are found at their sites. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Art">Art</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurignacian&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Upper_Paleolithic" title="Art of the Upper Paleolithic">Art of the Upper Paleolithic</a></div> <p>Aurignacian figurines have been found depicting faunal representations of the time period associated with now-extinct <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammals</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Mammoth" title="Mammoth">mammoths</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhinoceros" title="Rhinoceros">rhinoceros</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tarpan" title="Tarpan">tarpan</a>, along with anthropomorphized depictions that may be interpreted as some of the <a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_origin_of_religions" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolutionary origin of religions">earliest evidence of religion</a>. </p><p>Many 35,000-year-old animal figurines were discovered in the <a href="/wiki/Vogelherd_Cave" title="Vogelherd Cave">Vogelherd Cave</a> in Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the horses, amongst six tiny mammoth and horse ivory figures found previously at Vogelherd, was sculpted as skillfully as any piece found throughout the Upper Paleolithic. The production of ivory beads for body ornamentation was also important during the Aurignacian. The famous paintings in Chauvet cave date from this period. </p><p>Typical statuettes consist of women that are called <a href="/wiki/Venus_figurines" class="mw-redirect" title="Venus figurines">Venus figurines</a>. They emphasize the hips, breasts, and other body parts associated with fertility. Feet and arms are lacking or minimized. One of the most ancient <a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Hohle_Fels" title="Venus of Hohle Fels">figurines</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Hohle_Fels" title="Venus of Hohle Fels">Venus of Hohle Fels</a>, discovered in 2008 in the <a href="/wiki/Hohle_Fels" title="Hohle Fels">Hohle Fels cave</a> in Germany. The figurine has been dated to 35,000 years ago and is the earliest known, undisputed example of a depiction of a human being in prehistoric art.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Lion-man" title="Lion-man">Lion-man of Hohlenstein-Stadel</a>, found in the <a href="/wiki/Hohlenstein-Stadel" title="Hohlenstein-Stadel">Hohlenstein-Stadel cave</a> of Germany's <a href="/wiki/Swabian_Alb" class="mw-redirect" title="Swabian Alb">Swabian Alb</a> and dated to 40,000 years ago, is the oldest known anthropomorphic animal figurine in the world. </p><p>Aurignacian finds include bone <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_flutes" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleolithic flutes">flutes</a>. The oldest undisputed musical instrument was the <a href="/wiki/Hohle_Fels_Flute" class="mw-redirect" title="Hohle Fels Flute">Hohle Fels Flute</a> discovered in the <a href="/wiki/Hohle_Fels" title="Hohle Fels">Hohle Fels</a> cave in Germany's <a href="/wiki/Swabian_Alb" class="mw-redirect" title="Swabian Alb">Swabian Alb</a> in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-flute_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flute-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The flute is made from a vulture's wing bone perforated with five finger holes, and dates to approximately 35,000-40,000 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-flute_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flute-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A flute was also found at the Abri Blanchard in southwestern France.<sup id="cite_ref-OriginsRecon_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OriginsRecon-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gallery">Gallery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurignacian&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 1304px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_41,500_year-old_decorated_ivory_pendant_from_Stajnia_Cave_(Poland)_1.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Decorated ivory pendant from Stajnia Cave, Poland, c. 41,500 BP[16]"><img alt="Decorated ivory pendant from Stajnia Cave, Poland, c. 41,500 BP[16]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/A_41%2C500_year-old_decorated_ivory_pendant_from_Stajnia_Cave_%28Poland%29_1.png/120px-A_41%2C500_year-old_decorated_ivory_pendant_from_Stajnia_Cave_%28Poland%29_1.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/A_41%2C500_year-old_decorated_ivory_pendant_from_Stajnia_Cave_%28Poland%29_1.png/180px-A_41%2C500_year-old_decorated_ivory_pendant_from_Stajnia_Cave_%28Poland%29_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/A_41%2C500_year-old_decorated_ivory_pendant_from_Stajnia_Cave_%28Poland%29_1.png/240px-A_41%2C500_year-old_decorated_ivory_pendant_from_Stajnia_Cave_%28Poland%29_1.png 2x" data-file-width="1463" data-file-height="1019" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Decorated ivory pendant from Stajnia Cave, Poland, c. 41,500 BP<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Floete_Schwanenknochen_Geissenkloesterle_Blaubeuren.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bone flute, 35,000-40,000 years old"><img alt="Bone flute, 35,000-40,000 years old" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Floete_Schwanenknochen_Geissenkloesterle_Blaubeuren.jpg/67px-Floete_Schwanenknochen_Geissenkloesterle_Blaubeuren.jpg" decoding="async" width="67" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Floete_Schwanenknochen_Geissenkloesterle_Blaubeuren.jpg/101px-Floete_Schwanenknochen_Geissenkloesterle_Blaubeuren.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Floete_Schwanenknochen_Geissenkloesterle_Blaubeuren.jpg/135px-Floete_Schwanenknochen_Geissenkloesterle_Blaubeuren.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1688" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bone flute, 35,000-40,000 years old</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Adorant,_Geisenkl%C3%B6sterle,_Blaubeuren-Weiler,_Alb-Donau-Kreis,_Aurignacian_culture,_35,000_to_45,000_years_old,_ivory_-_Landesmuseum_W%C3%BCrttemberg_-_Stuttgart,_Germany_-_DSC02709.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Adorant of Geissenklösterle, Germany"><img alt="The Adorant of Geissenklösterle, Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Adorant%2C_Geisenkl%C3%B6sterle%2C_Blaubeuren-Weiler%2C_Alb-Donau-Kreis%2C_Aurignacian_culture%2C_35%2C000_to_45%2C000_years_old%2C_ivory_-_Landesmuseum_W%C3%BCrttemberg_-_Stuttgart%2C_Germany_-_DSC02709.jpg/97px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Adorant%2C_Geisenkl%C3%B6sterle%2C_Blaubeuren-Weiler%2C_Alb-Donau-Kreis%2C_Aurignacian_culture%2C_35%2C000_to_45%2C000_years_old%2C_ivory_-_Landesmuseum_W%C3%BCrttemberg_-_Stuttgart%2C_Germany_-_DSC02709.jpg/146px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Adorant%2C_Geisenkl%C3%B6sterle%2C_Blaubeuren-Weiler%2C_Alb-Donau-Kreis%2C_Aurignacian_culture%2C_35%2C000_to_45%2C000_years_old%2C_ivory_-_Landesmuseum_W%C3%BCrttemberg_-_Stuttgart%2C_Germany_-_DSC02709.jpg/194px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="938" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Adorant_from_the_Gei%C3%9Fenkl%C3%B6sterle_cave" title="Adorant from the Geißenklösterle cave">Adorant of Geissenklösterle</a>, Germany</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Geissenkl%C3%B6sterle_ivory_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Adorant of Geissenklösterle, reverse side with notches"><img alt="The Adorant of Geissenklösterle, reverse side with notches" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Geissenkl%C3%B6sterle_ivory_1.jpg/105px-Geissenkl%C3%B6sterle_ivory_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="105" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Geissenkl%C3%B6sterle_ivory_1.jpg/157px-Geissenkl%C3%B6sterle_ivory_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Geissenkl%C3%B6sterle_ivory_1.jpg/209px-Geissenkl%C3%B6sterle_ivory_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="447" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Adorant of Geissenklösterle, reverse side with notches</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Venus_of_Hohle_Fels_URMU.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Venus of Hohle Fels figurine (height 6 cm), 35,000 BP"><img alt="The Venus of Hohle Fels figurine (height 6 cm), 35,000 BP" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Venus_of_Hohle_Fels_URMU.jpg/93px-Venus_of_Hohle_Fels_URMU.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Venus_of_Hohle_Fels_URMU.jpg/140px-Venus_of_Hohle_Fels_URMU.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Venus_of_Hohle_Fels_URMU.jpg/187px-Venus_of_Hohle_Fels_URMU.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3023" data-file-height="3882" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Hohle_Fels" title="Venus of Hohle Fels">Venus of Hohle Fels</a> figurine (height 6 cm), 35,000 BP</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MUT-9846.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Horse figurine from Vogelherd Cave, Germany"><img alt="Horse figurine from Vogelherd Cave, Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/MUT-9846.jpg/120px-MUT-9846.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/MUT-9846.jpg/180px-MUT-9846.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/MUT-9846.jpg/240px-MUT-9846.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3318" data-file-height="2278" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Horse figurine from <a href="/wiki/Vogelherd_Cave" title="Vogelherd Cave">Vogelherd Cave</a>, Germany</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MUT127054.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Animal figurine from Vogelherd Cave"><img alt="Animal figurine from Vogelherd Cave" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/MUT127054.jpg/120px-MUT127054.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/MUT127054.jpg/180px-MUT127054.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/MUT127054.jpg/240px-MUT127054.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Animal figurine from Vogelherd Cave</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chauvet%C2%B4s_cave_horses.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chauvet Cave painting, France"><img alt="Chauvet Cave painting, France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Chauvet%C2%B4s_cave_horses.jpg/120px-Chauvet%C2%B4s_cave_horses.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Chauvet%C2%B4s_cave_horses.jpg/180px-Chauvet%C2%B4s_cave_horses.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Chauvet%C2%B4s_cave_horses.jpg/240px-Chauvet%C2%B4s_cave_horses.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="2712" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Chauvet_Cave" title="Chauvet Cave">Chauvet Cave</a> painting, France</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aurignacian_musical_bow.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Possible musical bow from Geisenklösterle, Germany"><img alt="Possible musical bow from Geisenklösterle, Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Aurignacian_musical_bow.jpg/48px-Aurignacian_musical_bow.jpg" decoding="async" width="48" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Aurignacian_musical_bow.jpg/73px-Aurignacian_musical_bow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Aurignacian_musical_bow.jpg/97px-Aurignacian_musical_bow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1373" data-file-height="3377" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Possible musical bow from Geisenklösterle, Germany</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vogelherd_cave_lion_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lion head sculpture, Vogelherd cave"><img alt="Lion head sculpture, Vogelherd cave" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Vogelherd_cave_lion_3.jpg/120px-Vogelherd_cave_lion_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Vogelherd_cave_lion_3.jpg/180px-Vogelherd_cave_lion_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Vogelherd_cave_lion_3.jpg/240px-Vogelherd_cave_lion_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="362" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lion head sculpture, Vogelherd cave</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MUT_L%C3%B6we.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Lion sculpture, Vogelherd cave"><img alt="Lion sculpture, Vogelherd cave" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/MUT_L%C3%B6we.JPG/120px-MUT_L%C3%B6we.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/MUT_L%C3%B6we.JPG/180px-MUT_L%C3%B6we.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/MUT_L%C3%B6we.JPG/240px-MUT_L%C3%B6we.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lion sculpture, Vogelherd cave</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vogelherd_Mammut_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mammoth sculpture, Vogelherd cave"><img alt="Mammoth sculpture, Vogelherd cave" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Vogelherd_Mammut_2006.jpg/120px-Vogelherd_Mammut_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Vogelherd_Mammut_2006.jpg/180px-Vogelherd_Mammut_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Vogelherd_Mammut_2006.jpg/240px-Vogelherd_Mammut_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mammoth sculpture, Vogelherd cave</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Venus_vom_Galgenberg.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Venus of Galgenberg, Austria"><img alt="Venus of Galgenberg, Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Venus_vom_Galgenberg.JPG/90px-Venus_vom_Galgenberg.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Venus_vom_Galgenberg.JPG/135px-Venus_vom_Galgenberg.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Venus_vom_Galgenberg.JPG/180px-Venus_vom_Galgenberg.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2136" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Galgenberg" title="Venus of Galgenberg">Venus of Galgenberg</a>, Austria</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paleolithic_ivory_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Carved ivory from Brillenhöhle cave"><img alt="Carved ivory from Brillenhöhle cave" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Paleolithic_ivory_1.jpg/120px-Paleolithic_ivory_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Paleolithic_ivory_1.jpg/180px-Paleolithic_ivory_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Paleolithic_ivory_1.jpg/240px-Paleolithic_ivory_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Carved ivory from <a href="/wiki/Brillenh%C3%B6hle" title="Brillenhöhle">Brillenhöhle cave</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Engraved_plaque_from_Lartet.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Engraved plaque from Abri Lartet, France"><img alt="Engraved plaque from Abri Lartet, France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Engraved_plaque_from_Lartet.jpg/120px-Engraved_plaque_from_Lartet.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Engraved_plaque_from_Lartet.jpg/180px-Engraved_plaque_from_Lartet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Engraved_plaque_from_Lartet.jpg/240px-Engraved_plaque_from_Lartet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3404" data-file-height="1248" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Engraved plaque from Abri Lartet, France</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blanchard_plaque.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Engraved plaque from Abri Blanchard, France"><img alt="Engraved plaque from Abri Blanchard, France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Blanchard_plaque.jpg/120px-Blanchard_plaque.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Blanchard_plaque.jpg/180px-Blanchard_plaque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Blanchard_plaque.jpg/240px-Blanchard_plaque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3892" data-file-height="1444" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Engraved plaque from Abri Blanchard, France</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Worlds_Oldest_Necklace_(NBY_415421).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Necklace from Castel Merle, France"><img alt="Necklace from Castel Merle, France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Worlds_Oldest_Necklace_%28NBY_415421%29.jpg/69px-Worlds_Oldest_Necklace_%28NBY_415421%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="69" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Worlds_Oldest_Necklace_%28NBY_415421%29.jpg/103px-Worlds_Oldest_Necklace_%28NBY_415421%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Worlds_Oldest_Necklace_%28NBY_415421%29.jpg/138px-Worlds_Oldest_Necklace_%28NBY_415421%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="491" data-file-height="853" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Necklace from <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Sites_and_Decorated_Caves_of_the_V%C3%A9z%C3%A8re_Valley" title="Prehistoric Sites and Decorated Caves of the Vézère Valley">Castel Merle</a>, France</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pendants,_Aurignacian_culture,_31000-24000_BC,_various_materials_-_Cinquantenaire_Museum_-_Brussels,_Belgium_-_DSC08704.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aurignacian jewellery, Belgium"><img alt="Aurignacian jewellery, Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Pendants%2C_Aurignacian_culture%2C_31000-24000_BC%2C_various_materials_-_Cinquantenaire_Museum_-_Brussels%2C_Belgium_-_DSC08704.jpg/83px-Pendants%2C_Aurignacian_culture%2C_31000-24000_BC%2C_various_materials_-_Cinquantenaire_Museum_-_Brussels%2C_Belgium_-_DSC08704.jpg" decoding="async" width="83" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Pendants%2C_Aurignacian_culture%2C_31000-24000_BC%2C_various_materials_-_Cinquantenaire_Museum_-_Brussels%2C_Belgium_-_DSC08704.jpg/124px-Pendants%2C_Aurignacian_culture%2C_31000-24000_BC%2C_various_materials_-_Cinquantenaire_Museum_-_Brussels%2C_Belgium_-_DSC08704.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Pendants%2C_Aurignacian_culture%2C_31000-24000_BC%2C_various_materials_-_Cinquantenaire_Museum_-_Brussels%2C_Belgium_-_DSC08704.jpg/166px-Pendants%2C_Aurignacian_culture%2C_31000-24000_BC%2C_various_materials_-_Cinquantenaire_Museum_-_Brussels%2C_Belgium_-_DSC08704.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3408" data-file-height="4932" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Aurignacian jewellery, Belgium</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grotte_d%27Aurignac-Main_en_r%C3%A9serve-1962.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A painting of a hand in the Cave of Aurignac, France"><img alt="A painting of a hand in the Cave of Aurignac, France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Grotte_d%27Aurignac-Main_en_r%C3%A9serve-1962.jpg/120px-Grotte_d%27Aurignac-Main_en_r%C3%A9serve-1962.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Grotte_d%27Aurignac-Main_en_r%C3%A9serve-1962.jpg/180px-Grotte_d%27Aurignac-Main_en_r%C3%A9serve-1962.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Grotte_d%27Aurignac-Main_en_r%C3%A9serve-1962.jpg/240px-Grotte_d%27Aurignac-Main_en_r%C3%A9serve-1962.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="2184" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A painting of a hand in the <a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Aurignac" title="Cave of Aurignac">Cave of Aurignac</a>, France</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stone_Age_Jewelry,_Fazael,_Upper_Paleolithic,_The_Israel_Museum,_Jerusalem.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jewelry, Fazael, Israel, Upper Paleolithic."><img alt="Jewelry, Fazael, Israel, Upper Paleolithic." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Stone_Age_Jewelry%2C_Fazael%2C_Upper_Paleolithic%2C_The_Israel_Museum%2C_Jerusalem.jpg/120px-Stone_Age_Jewelry%2C_Fazael%2C_Upper_Paleolithic%2C_The_Israel_Museum%2C_Jerusalem.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Stone_Age_Jewelry%2C_Fazael%2C_Upper_Paleolithic%2C_The_Israel_Museum%2C_Jerusalem.jpg/180px-Stone_Age_Jewelry%2C_Fazael%2C_Upper_Paleolithic%2C_The_Israel_Museum%2C_Jerusalem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Stone_Age_Jewelry%2C_Fazael%2C_Upper_Paleolithic%2C_The_Israel_Museum%2C_Jerusalem.jpg/240px-Stone_Age_Jewelry%2C_Fazael%2C_Upper_Paleolithic%2C_The_Israel_Museum%2C_Jerusalem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4486" data-file-height="2429" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Jewelry, Fazael, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, Upper Paleolithic.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stone_Age_Animal_Carving,_Hayonim_Cave,_28000_BP.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A carving of a running horse, Hayonim Cave, Levant."><img alt="A carving of a running horse, Hayonim Cave, Levant." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Stone_Age_Animal_Carving%2C_Hayonim_Cave%2C_28000_BP.jpg/120px-Stone_Age_Animal_Carving%2C_Hayonim_Cave%2C_28000_BP.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Stone_Age_Animal_Carving%2C_Hayonim_Cave%2C_28000_BP.jpg/180px-Stone_Age_Animal_Carving%2C_Hayonim_Cave%2C_28000_BP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Stone_Age_Animal_Carving%2C_Hayonim_Cave%2C_28000_BP.jpg/240px-Stone_Age_Animal_Carving%2C_Hayonim_Cave%2C_28000_BP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4076" data-file-height="2344" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A carving of a running horse, <a href="/wiki/Hayonim_Cave" class="mw-redirect" title="Hayonim Cave">Hayonim Cave</a>, <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tools">Tools</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurignacian&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Tools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Stone_tools" class="mw-redirect" title="Stone tools">Stone tools</a> from the Aurignacian culture are known as Mode 4, characterized by blades (rather than flakes, typical of mode 2 <a href="/wiki/Acheulean" title="Acheulean">Acheulean</a> and mode 3 <a href="/wiki/Mousterian" title="Mousterian">Mousterian</a>) from prepared cores. Also seen throughout the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Paleolithic" title="Upper Paleolithic">Upper Paleolithic</a> is a greater degree of tool standardization and the use of <a href="/wiki/Bone" title="Bone">bone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antler" title="Antler">antler</a> for tools. Based on the research of scraper reduction and paleoenvironment, the early Aurignacian group moved seasonally over greater distances to procure reindeer herds within cold and open environments than those of the earlier tool cultures.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sagaie_base_fendue.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A bone point"><img alt="A bone point" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Sagaie_base_fendue.jpg/56px-Sagaie_base_fendue.jpg" decoding="async" width="56" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Sagaie_base_fendue.jpg/84px-Sagaie_base_fendue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Sagaie_base_fendue.jpg/112px-Sagaie_base_fendue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="1260" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A bone point</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grattoir_%C3%A0_museau_plat_sur_lame_LARTET.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A scraper from Aurignac (France)"><img alt="A scraper from Aurignac (France)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Grattoir_%C3%A0_museau_plat_sur_lame_LARTET.jpg/120px-Grattoir_%C3%A0_museau_plat_sur_lame_LARTET.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Grattoir_%C3%A0_museau_plat_sur_lame_LARTET.jpg/180px-Grattoir_%C3%A0_museau_plat_sur_lame_LARTET.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Grattoir_%C3%A0_museau_plat_sur_lame_LARTET.jpg/240px-Grattoir_%C3%A0_museau_plat_sur_lame_LARTET.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8753" data-file-height="4682" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Scraper_(archaeology)" title="Scraper (archaeology)">scraper</a> from <a href="/wiki/Aurignac" title="Aurignac">Aurignac</a> (France)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lames_aurignaciennes.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aurignacian blades"><img alt="Aurignacian blades" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Lames_aurignaciennes.jpg/75px-Lames_aurignaciennes.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Lames_aurignaciennes.jpg/113px-Lames_aurignaciennes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Lames_aurignaciennes.jpg/151px-Lames_aurignaciennes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="1210" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Aurignacian blades</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pointe_%C3%A0_dos_MHNT.PRE.2009.0.227.4_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dufour bladelet"><img alt="Dufour bladelet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Pointe_%C3%A0_dos_MHNT.PRE.2009.0.227.4_%282%29.jpg/120px-Pointe_%C3%A0_dos_MHNT.PRE.2009.0.227.4_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Pointe_%C3%A0_dos_MHNT.PRE.2009.0.227.4_%282%29.jpg/180px-Pointe_%C3%A0_dos_MHNT.PRE.2009.0.227.4_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Pointe_%C3%A0_dos_MHNT.PRE.2009.0.227.4_%282%29.jpg/240px-Pointe_%C3%A0_dos_MHNT.PRE.2009.0.227.4_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="3056" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dufour bladelet</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aurignacian_Culture_Bone_Tools,_Hayonim_Cave,_30000_BP.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bone tools, Hayonim Cave, 30000 BP."><img alt="Bone tools, Hayonim Cave, 30000 BP." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Aurignacian_Culture_Bone_Tools%2C_Hayonim_Cave%2C_30000_BP.jpg/120px-Aurignacian_Culture_Bone_Tools%2C_Hayonim_Cave%2C_30000_BP.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Aurignacian_Culture_Bone_Tools%2C_Hayonim_Cave%2C_30000_BP.jpg/180px-Aurignacian_Culture_Bone_Tools%2C_Hayonim_Cave%2C_30000_BP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Aurignacian_Culture_Bone_Tools%2C_Hayonim_Cave%2C_30000_BP.jpg/240px-Aurignacian_Culture_Bone_Tools%2C_Hayonim_Cave%2C_30000_BP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2552" data-file-height="2508" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bone tools, <a href="/wiki/Hayonim_Cave" class="mw-redirect" title="Hayonim Cave">Hayonim Cave</a>, 30000 BP.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aurignacien_-_Feuersteinger%C3%A4te._Fundst%C3%BCcke_aus_der_G%C3%B6pfelsteinh%C3%B6hle_in_Veringenstadt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aurignacian microliths"><img alt="Aurignacian microliths" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Aurignacien_-_Feuersteinger%C3%A4te._Fundst%C3%BCcke_aus_der_G%C3%B6pfelsteinh%C3%B6hle_in_Veringenstadt.jpg/120px-Aurignacien_-_Feuersteinger%C3%A4te._Fundst%C3%BCcke_aus_der_G%C3%B6pfelsteinh%C3%B6hle_in_Veringenstadt.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Aurignacien_-_Feuersteinger%C3%A4te._Fundst%C3%BCcke_aus_der_G%C3%B6pfelsteinh%C3%B6hle_in_Veringenstadt.jpg/180px-Aurignacien_-_Feuersteinger%C3%A4te._Fundst%C3%BCcke_aus_der_G%C3%B6pfelsteinh%C3%B6hle_in_Veringenstadt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Aurignacien_-_Feuersteinger%C3%A4te._Fundst%C3%BCcke_aus_der_G%C3%B6pfelsteinh%C3%B6hle_in_Veringenstadt.jpg/240px-Aurignacien_-_Feuersteinger%C3%A4te._Fundst%C3%BCcke_aus_der_G%C3%B6pfelsteinh%C3%B6hle_in_Veringenstadt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3190" data-file-height="2250" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Aurignacian <a href="/wiki/Microliths" class="mw-redirect" title="Microliths">microliths</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurignacian&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sculptural_reconstruction_of_Homo_Sapiens_from_the_Kostenki_14_site_by_M.M._Gerasimov.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Sculptural_reconstruction_of_Homo_Sapiens_from_the_Kostenki_14_site_by_M.M._Gerasimov.jpg/170px-Sculptural_reconstruction_of_Homo_Sapiens_from_the_Kostenki_14_site_by_M.M._Gerasimov.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Sculptural_reconstruction_of_Homo_Sapiens_from_the_Kostenki_14_site_by_M.M._Gerasimov.jpg/255px-Sculptural_reconstruction_of_Homo_Sapiens_from_the_Kostenki_14_site_by_M.M._Gerasimov.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Sculptural_reconstruction_of_Homo_Sapiens_from_the_Kostenki_14_site_by_M.M._Gerasimov.jpg/340px-Sculptural_reconstruction_of_Homo_Sapiens_from_the_Kostenki_14_site_by_M.M._Gerasimov.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2284" data-file-height="2747" /></a><figcaption>Forensic reconstruction of the <a href="/wiki/Kostenki-14" class="mw-redirect" title="Kostenki-14">Kostenki-14</a> modern human (38,700–36,200 year ago), considered as Aurignacian.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/M.M._Gerasimov" class="mw-redirect" title="M.M. Gerasimov">M.M. Gerasimov</a>, Moscow State Archaeological Museum</figcaption></figure> <p>A 2019 demographic analysis estimated a mean population of 1,500 persons (upper limit: 3,300; lower limit: 800) for western and central Europe during the Aurignacian period (~42,000 to 33,000 y cal BP).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2005 study estimated the population of Upper Palaeolithic Europe from 40–30 thousand years ago was 1,738–28,359 (average 4,424).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Association_with_modern_humans">Association with modern humans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurignacian&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Association with modern humans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cro-Magnon" title="Cro-Magnon">Cro-Magnon</a></div> <p>The sophistication and self-awareness demonstrated in the work led archaeologists to consider the makers of Aurignacian <a href="/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)" title="Artifact (archaeology)">artifacts</a> the first <a href="/wiki/Modern_humans" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern humans">modern humans</a> in Europe. Human remains and Late Aurignacian artifacts found in juxtaposition support this inference. Although finds of human skeletal remains in direct association with Proto-Aurignacian technologies are scarce in Europe, the few available are also probably modern human. The best dated association between Aurignacian industries and human remains are those of at least five individuals from the <a href="/wiki/Mlade%C4%8D_caves" title="Mladeč caves">Mladeč caves</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, dated by direct radiocarbon measurements of the skeletal remains to at least 31,000–32,000 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-MellarsArcheology_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MellarsArcheology-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At least three robust, but typically anatomically-modern, individuals from the <a href="/wiki/Pe%C8%99tera_cu_Oase" title="Peștera cu Oase">Peștera cu Oase</a> cave in <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, were dated directly from the bones to ca. 35,000–36,000 <a href="/wiki/Before_Present" title="Before Present">BP</a>. Although not associated directly with archaeological material, these finds are within the chronological and geographical range of the Early Aurignacian in southeastern Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-MellarsArcheology_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MellarsArcheology-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On genetic evidence it has been argued that both Aurignacian and the Dabba culture of North Africa came from an earlier <a href="/wiki/Big_game_hunting" class="mw-redirect" title="Big game hunting">big game hunting</a> <a href="/wiki/Levantine_Aurignacian" title="Levantine Aurignacian">Levantine Aurignacian</a> culture of the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genetics">Genetics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurignacian&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Genetics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Locations,_dates_and_MDS_plot_of_ancient_Eurasian_hunter-gatherers_(PCA).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Locations%2C_dates_and_MDS_plot_of_ancient_Eurasian_hunter-gatherers_%28PCA%29.png/220px-Locations%2C_dates_and_MDS_plot_of_ancient_Eurasian_hunter-gatherers_%28PCA%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Locations%2C_dates_and_MDS_plot_of_ancient_Eurasian_hunter-gatherers_%28PCA%29.png/330px-Locations%2C_dates_and_MDS_plot_of_ancient_Eurasian_hunter-gatherers_%28PCA%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Locations%2C_dates_and_MDS_plot_of_ancient_Eurasian_hunter-gatherers_%28PCA%29.png/440px-Locations%2C_dates_and_MDS_plot_of_ancient_Eurasian_hunter-gatherers_%28PCA%29.png 2x" data-file-width="776" data-file-height="604" /></a><figcaption>Genetic position of the <a href="/wiki/Goyet_Caves" title="Goyet Caves">Goyet cluster</a>, corresponding to the Aurignacian, in relation to other hunter-gatherers</figcaption></figure> <p>In a genetic study published in <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a></i> in May 2016, the remains of an early Aurignacian individual, <a href="/wiki/Goyet_Caves" title="Goyet Caves">Goyet Q116-1</a> from modern-day <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, were examined. He belonged to the paternal haplogroup <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_C-V20" title="Haplogroup C-V20">C1a</a> and the maternal <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_M_(mtDNA)" title="Haplogroup M (mtDNA)">haplogroup M</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFu2016_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFu2016-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup" title="Haplogroup">Haplogroups</a> identified in other Aurignacian samples are the paternal haplogroups <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_C-F3393#C1b_(F1370)" title="Haplogroup C-F3393">C1b</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_K2a_(Y-DNA)" title="Haplogroup K2a (Y-DNA)">K2a</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Seguin_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seguin-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Mt-DNA_haplogroup" class="mw-redirect" title="Mt-DNA haplogroup">mt-DNA haplogroup</a> <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_N_(mtDNA)" title="Haplogroup N (mtDNA)">N</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_R_(mtDNA)" title="Haplogroup R (mtDNA)">R</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_U_(mtDNA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup U (mtDNA)">U</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Aurignacian material culture is associated with the expansion of 'early West Eurasians' during the Upper-Paleolithic, replacing or merging with previous <a href="/wiki/Initial_Upper_Paleolithic" title="Initial Upper Paleolithic">Initial Upper Paleolithic</a> cultures to which possibly relates the European <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2telperronian" title="Châtelperronian">Châtelperronian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-kartographer-container thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 450px;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme" style="width: 450px; height: 350px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="450" data-height="350" data-zoom="3" data-lat="41.5" data-lon="16.3" data-overlays="["_8d4b46437ca94391ad4f62f875fac00121b0077c"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/3/41.5/16.3/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,3,41.5,16.3,450x350.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Aurignacian&revid=1252560580&groups=_8d4b46437ca94391ad4f62f875fac00121b0077c" width="450" height="350" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,3,41.5,16.3,450x350@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Aurignacian&revid=1252560580&groups=_8d4b46437ca94391ad4f62f875fac00121b0077c 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="thumbcaption">selected Aurignacian sites (CC BY-SA 4.0 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.roceeh.uni-tuebingen.de/roadweb">ROCEEH</a>)</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Location">Location</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurignacian&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:402px"><div style="position:relative;width:400px;border:1px solid lightgray"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_Map_of_Mediterranean_Sea.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Aurignacian is located in Mediterranean"><img alt="Aurignacian is located in Mediterranean" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Relief_Map_of_Mediterranean_Sea.png/400px-Relief_Map_of_Mediterranean_Sea.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Relief_Map_of_Mediterranean_Sea.png/600px-Relief_Map_of_Mediterranean_Sea.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Relief_Map_of_Mediterranean_Sea.png/800px-Relief_Map_of_Mediterranean_Sea.png 2x" data-file-width="1754" data-file-height="862" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:25.161%;left:15.92%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Cave of Aurignac"><img alt="Cave of Aurignac" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Aurignac" title="Cave of Aurignac">Cave of Aurignac</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:26.596%;left:65.516%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bacho Kiro cave"><img alt="Bacho Kiro cave" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Bacho_Kiro_cave" title="Bacho Kiro cave">Bacho Kiro cave</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:19.013%;left:23.059%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Chauvet Cave"><img alt="Chauvet Cave" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Chauvet_Cave" title="Chauvet Cave">Chauvet Cave</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:2.632%;left:33.85%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Hohle Fels"><img alt="Hohle Fels" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Hohle_Fels" title="Hohle Fels">Hohle Fels</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:74.123%;left:86.061%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Ksar Akil"><img alt="Ksar Akil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Ksar_Akil" title="Ksar Akil">Ksar Akil</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:79.368%;left:85.289%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Hayonim Cave"><img alt="Hayonim Cave" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Hayonim_Cave" class="mw-redirect" title="Hayonim Cave">Hayonim Cave</a></div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_Map_of_Mediterranean_Sea.png" title="File:Relief Map of Mediterranean Sea.png">class=notpageimage| </a></div>A map of the Mediterranean with important Aurignacian sites (clickable map)</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurignacian&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Aurignac" title="Cave of Aurignac">Cave of Aurignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacho_Kiro_cave" title="Bacho Kiro cave">Bacho Kiro cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauvet_Cave" title="Chauvet Cave">Chauvet Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohle_Fels" title="Hohle Fels">Hohle Fels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potok_Cave" title="Potok Cave">Potok Cave</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Near-East">Near-East</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurignacian&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Near-East"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ksar_Akil" title="Ksar Akil">Ksar Akil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HaYonim_Cave" title="HaYonim Cave">HaYonim Cave</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asia">Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurignacian&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lebanon/Palestine/Israel region </p> <ul><li>Contained within a stratigraphic column, along with other cultures.<sup id="cite_ref-Langer_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Langer-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a> </p> <ul><li>Many sites in Siberia including around <a href="/wiki/Lake_Baikal" title="Lake Baikal">Lake Baikal</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ob_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Ob River">Ob River</a> valley, and <a href="/wiki/Minusinsk" title="Minusinsk">Minusinsk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Langer_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Langer-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 972px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Potok_Cave_-_Poto%C4%8Dka_zijalka_(Slovenia).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The entrance to the Potočka Zijalka, a cave in the Eastern Karavanke, where the remains of a human residence dated to the Aurignacian (40,000 to 30,000 BP) were found[32]"><img alt="The entrance to the Potočka Zijalka, a cave in the Eastern Karavanke, where the remains of a human residence dated to the Aurignacian (40,000 to 30,000 BP) were found[32]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Potok_Cave_-_Poto%C4%8Dka_zijalka_%28Slovenia%29.JPG/150px-Potok_Cave_-_Poto%C4%8Dka_zijalka_%28Slovenia%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Potok_Cave_-_Poto%C4%8Dka_zijalka_%28Slovenia%29.JPG/225px-Potok_Cave_-_Poto%C4%8Dka_zijalka_%28Slovenia%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Potok_Cave_-_Poto%C4%8Dka_zijalka_%28Slovenia%29.JPG/300px-Potok_Cave_-_Poto%C4%8Dka_zijalka_%28Slovenia%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The entrance to the <a href="/wiki/Potok_Cave" title="Potok Cave">Potočka Zijalka</a>, a cave in the Eastern <a href="/wiki/Karavanke" class="mw-redirect" title="Karavanke">Karavanke</a>, where the remains of a human residence dated to the Aurignacian (40,000 to 30,000 <a href="/wiki/Before_Present" title="Before Present">BP</a>) were found<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aurignac-grotte-01.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Entrance porch of the Cave of Aurignac"><img alt="Entrance porch of the Cave of Aurignac" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Aurignac-grotte-01.JPG/200px-Aurignac-grotte-01.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Aurignac-grotte-01.JPG/300px-Aurignac-grotte-01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Aurignac-grotte-01.JPG/400px-Aurignac-grotte-01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1365" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Entrance porch of the <a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Aurignac" title="Cave of Aurignac">Cave of Aurignac</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hayonim Cave"><img alt="Hayonim Cave" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D.jpg/200px-%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D.jpg/300px-%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D.jpg/400px-%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Hayonim_Cave" class="mw-redirect" title="Hayonim Cave">Hayonim Cave</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bacho_Kiro_Cave.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Interior of Bacho Kiro cave"><img alt="Interior of Bacho Kiro cave" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Bacho_Kiro_Cave.jpg/200px-Bacho_Kiro_Cave.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Bacho_Kiro_Cave.jpg/300px-Bacho_Kiro_Cave.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Bacho_Kiro_Cave.jpg/400px-Bacho_Kiro_Cave.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Interior of <a href="/wiki/Bacho_Kiro_cave" title="Bacho Kiro cave">Bacho Kiro cave</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurignacian&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title">The <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic" title="Paleolithic">Paleolithic</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> ↑ <a href="/wiki/Pliocene" title="Pliocene">Pliocene</a> (<a href="/wiki/Human_taxonomy#Hominina" title="Human taxonomy">before <i>Homo</i></a>)</td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Lower_Paleolithic" title="Lower Paleolithic">Lower Paleolithic</a><br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 3.3</span> <a href="/wiki/Year#Abbreviations_yr_and_ya" title="Year">Ma</a> – 300 <a href="/wiki/Year#Abbreviations_yr_and_ya" title="Year">ka</a>)</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lomekwi" title="Lomekwi">Lomekwi</a> (3.3 Ma)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oldowan" title="Oldowan">Oldowan</a> (2.6–1.7 Ma)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acheulean" title="Acheulean">Acheulean</a> (1.76–0.13 Ma) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madrasian_culture" title="Madrasian culture">Madrasian</a> (1.5 Ma)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soanian" title="Soanian">Soanian</a> (500–130 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clactonian" title="Clactonian">Clactonian</a> (424–400 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acheulo-Yabrudian_complex" title="Acheulo-Yabrudian complex">Mugharan</a> (400–220 ka)</li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Paleolithic" title="Middle Paleolithic">Middle Paleolithic</a><br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 300–50 <a href="/wiki/Year#Abbreviations_yr_and_ya" title="Year">ka</a>)</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mousterian" title="Mousterian">Mousterian</a> (160–40 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aterian" title="Aterian">Aterian</a> (145–20 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micoquien" title="Micoquien">Micoquien</a> (130–70 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangoan" title="Sangoan">Sangoan</a> (130–10 ka)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Upper_Paleolithic" title="Upper Paleolithic">Upper Paleolithic</a><br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 50–12 <a href="/wiki/Year#Abbreviations_yr_and_ya" title="Year">ka</a>)</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Initial_Upper_Paleolithic" title="Initial Upper Paleolithic">Initial Upper Paleolithic</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Fertile_Crescent" title="Fertile Crescent">Fertile Crescent</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emiran" title="Emiran">Emiran</a> (50–40 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmarian" title="Ahmarian">Ahmarian</a> (46–42 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baradostian_culture" title="Baradostian culture">Baradostian</a> (36–18 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_Aurignacian" title="Levantine Aurignacian">Aurignacian</a> (35–29 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarzian_culture" title="Zarzian culture">Zarzian</a> (20–10 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebaran" class="mw-redirect" title="Kebaran">Kebaran</a> (18–12.5 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trialetian_Mesolithic" title="Trialetian Mesolithic">Trialetian</a> (16–8 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natufian_culture" title="Natufian culture">Natufian</a> (14.5–11.5 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khiamian" class="mw-redirect" title="Khiamian">Khiamian</a> (12.2–10.8 ka)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_Europe#Upper_Paleolithic_:_50,000–10,000_BP" title="Paleolithic Europe">Europe</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bohunician" title="Bohunician">Bohunician</a> (48–40 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2telperronian" title="Châtelperronian">Châtelperronian</a> (44.5–36 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincombian-Ranisian-Jerzmanowician" title="Lincombian-Ranisian-Jerzmanowician">Lincombian-Ranisian-Jerzmanowician</a> (43–32 ka)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aurignacian</a> (43–26 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szeletian" title="Szeletian">Szeletian</a> (41,000-37,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9rigordian" title="Périgordian">Périgordian</a> (35–20 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravettian" title="Gravettian">Gravettian</a> (33–24 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlovian_culture" title="Pavlovian culture">Pavlovian</a> (29–25 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solutrean" title="Solutrean">Solutrean</a> (22–17 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigravettian" title="Epigravettian">Epigravettian</a> (20–10 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdalenian" title="Magdalenian">Magdalenian</a> (17–12 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg_culture" title="Hamburg culture">Hamburg</a> (15.5–13.1 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federmesser_culture" title="Federmesser culture">Federmesser</a> (14–12.8 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azilian" title="Azilian">Azilian</a> (14–10 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahrensburg_culture" title="Ahrensburg culture">Ahrensburg</a> (13–12 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiderian_culture" title="Swiderian culture">Swiderian</a> (11–8 ka)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/History_of_Africa#Paleolithic" title="History of Africa">Africa</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khormusan" title="Khormusan">Khormusan</a> (42–18 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberomaurusian" title="Iberomaurusian">Iberomaurusian</a> (25–11 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mushabian_culture" title="Mushabian culture">Mushabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halfan_culture" title="Halfan culture">Halfan</a> (22–14 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qadan_culture" title="Qadan culture">Qadan</a> (15—11 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebilian" title="Sebilian">Sebilian</a> (15–11 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eburran_industry" title="Eburran industry">Eburran</a> (15–5 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magosian" title="Magosian">Magosian</a> (10–8 ka)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Siberia" title="Prehistory of Siberia">Siberia</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mal%27ta%E2%80%93Buret%27_culture" title="Mal'ta–Buret' culture">Mal'ta–Buret'</a> (24–15 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afontova_Gora" title="Afontova Gora">Afontova Gora</a> (21–12 ka}</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:#efefef;"> ↓ <a href="/wiki/Mesolithic" title="Mesolithic">Mesolithic</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Paleolithic" title="Template:Paleolithic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Paleolithic" title="Template talk:Paleolithic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Paleolithic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Paleolithic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Aurignac" title="Cave of Aurignac">Cave of Aurignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ksar_Akil" title="Ksar Akil">Ksar Akil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurine" title="Venus figurine">Venus figurine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacho_Kiro_cave" title="Bacho Kiro cave">Bacho Kiro cave</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2telperronian" title="Châtelperronian">Châtelperronian</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Aurignacian </b><br />43,000–26,000 BP </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gravettian" title="Gravettian">Gravettian</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurignacian&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Kostenki-14" class="mw-redirect" title="Kostenki-14">Kostenki-14</a> (Russia): C1b, <a href="/wiki/Goyet_Caves" title="Goyet Caves">Goyet Q116-1</a> (Belgium) C1a,<sup id="cite_ref-Fu2016_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fu2016-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sungir (Russia): C1a2, Ust'-Ishim and Oase-1: K2a<sup id="cite_ref-Sikora_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sikora-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Haplogroup N was found in two Gravettian-era fossils, Paglicci 52 Paglicci 12, and is widespread in Central Asia<sup id="cite_ref-Caramelli03_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caramelli03-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurignacian&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMilisauskas2012" class="citation book cs1">Milisauskas, Sarunas (2012-12-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kZG1BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA62"><i>European Prehistory: A Survey</i></a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781461507512" title="Special:BookSources/9781461507512"><bdi>9781461507512</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=European+Prehistory%3A+A+Survey&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2012-12-06&rft.isbn=9781461507512&rft.aulast=Milisauskas&rft.aufirst=Sarunas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkZG1BwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA62&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurignacian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShea2013" class="citation book cs1">Shea, John J. 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Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781139619387" title="Special:BookSources/9781139619387"><bdi>9781139619387</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stone+Tools+in+the+Paleolithic+and+Neolithic+Near+East%3A+A+Guide&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013-02-28&rft.isbn=9781139619387&rft.aulast=Shea&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoMQgAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurignacian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFH._Martin1906" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">H. Martin (1906). "Industrie Moustérienne perfectionnée. Station de La Quina (Charente)". <i>Bulletin de la Société Préhistorique de France</i> (in French). <b>3</b> (6): 233–239. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fbspf.1906.7784">10.3406/bspf.1906.7784</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27906750">27906750</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+de+la+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+Pr%C3%A9historique+de+France&rft.atitle=Industrie+Moust%C3%A9rienne+perfectionn%C3%A9e.+Station+de+La+Quina+%28Charente%29&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=233-239&rft.date=1906&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fbspf.1906.7784&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27906750%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=H.+Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurignacian" class="Z3988"></span><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RGK-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RGK_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RGK_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RGK_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlein2009" class="citation book cs1">Klein, Richard G. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vSgCAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA610"><i>The Human Career: Human Biological and Cultural Origins</i></a>. University of Chicago Press. p. 610. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780226027524" title="Special:BookSources/9780226027524"><bdi>9780226027524</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Human+Career%3A+Human+Biological+and+Cultural+Origins&rft.pages=610&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780226027524&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.aufirst=Richard+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvSgCAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA610&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurignacian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WBEHE-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WBEHE_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WBEHE_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood2011" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Wood, Bernard, ed. 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John Wiley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781444342475" title="Special:BookSources/9781444342475"><bdi>9781444342475</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Aurignacian&rft.btitle=Wiley-Blackwell+Encyclopedia+of+Human+Evolution&rft.pub=John+Wiley&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781444342475&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D440TmWXToLAC%26pg%3DPT558&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurignacian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoffecker2009" class="citation journal cs1">Hoffecker, JF (September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2752585">"Out of Africa: modern human origins special feature: the spread of modern humans in Europe"</a>. <i>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A</i>. <b>106</b> (38): 16040–5. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PNAS..10616040H">2009PNAS..10616040H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0903446106">10.1073/pnas.0903446106</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2752585">2752585</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19571003">19571003</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proc.+Natl.+Acad.+Sci.+U.S.A.&rft.atitle=Out+of+Africa%3A+modern+human+origins+special+feature%3A+the+spread+of+modern+humans+in+Europe&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=38&rft.pages=16040-5&rft.date=2009-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2752585%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19571003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.0903446106&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009PNAS..10616040H&rft.aulast=Hoffecker&rft.aufirst=JF&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2752585&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurignacian" class="Z3988"></span>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobiHighamHaesaertsJadin2010" class="citation journal cs1">Jacobi, R.M.; Higham, T.F.G.; Haesaerts, P.; Jadin, I.; Basell, L.S. (2010). "Radiocarbon chronology for the Early Gravettian of northern Europe: new AMS determinations for Maisières-Canal, Belgium". <i>Antiquity</i>. <b>84</b> (323): 26–40. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0003598X00099749">10.1017/S0003598X00099749</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163089681">163089681</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antiquity&rft.atitle=Radiocarbon+chronology+for+the+Early+Gravettian+of+northern+Europe%3A+new+AMS+determinations+for+Maisi%C3%A8res-Canal%2C+Belgium&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=323&rft.pages=26-40&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0003598X00099749&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163089681%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Jacobi&rft.aufirst=R.M.&rft.au=Higham%2C+T.F.G.&rft.au=Haesaerts%2C+P.&rft.au=Jadin%2C+I.&rft.au=Basell%2C+L.S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurignacian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JJS-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JJS_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShea2013" class="citation book cs1">Shea, John J. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Bq7NAedu4gQC&pg=PA150"><i>Stone Tools in the Paleolithic and Neolithic Near East: A Guide</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 150–155. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781107006980" title="Special:BookSources/9781107006980"><bdi>9781107006980</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stone+Tools+in+the+Paleolithic+and+Neolithic+Near+East%3A+A+Guide&rft.pages=150-155&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781107006980&rft.aulast=Shea&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBq7NAedu4gQC%26pg%3DPA150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurignacian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JKW-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JKW_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2006" class="citation journal cs1">Williams, John K. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.patrimoniocultural.gov.pt/media/uploads/trabalhosdearqueologia/45/20.pdf">"The Levantine Aurignacian: a closer look"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Lisbon: Instituto Português de Arqueologia (Trabalhos de Arqueologia Bar-Yosef O, Zilhão J, Editors. Towards a Definition of the Aurignacian. 45)</i>: 317–352.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lisbon%3A+Instituto+Portugu%C3%AAs+de+Arqueologia+%28Trabalhos+de+Arqueologia+Bar-Yosef+O%2C+Zilh%C3%A3o+J%2C+Editors.+Towards+a+Definition+of+the+Aurignacian.+45%29&rft.atitle=The+Levantine+Aurignacian%3A+a+closer+look&rft.pages=317-352&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=John+K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.patrimoniocultural.gov.pt%2Fmedia%2Fuploads%2Ftrabalhosdearqueologia%2F45%2F20.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurignacian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFu2016">Fu 2016</a>: "GoyetQ116-1 is chronologically associated with the Aurignacian cultural complex. Thus, the subsequent spread of the Vestonice Cluster, which is associated with the Gravettian cultural complex, shows that the spread of the latter culture was mediated at least in part by population movements."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MellarsArcheology-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MellarsArcheology_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MellarsArcheology_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MellarsArcheology_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMellars2006" class="citation journal cs1">Mellars, P. (2006). "Archeology and the Dispersal of Modern Humans in Europe: Deconstructing the Aurignacian". <i>Evolutionary Anthropology</i>. <b>15</b> (5): 167–182. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fevan.20103">10.1002/evan.20103</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:85316570">85316570</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evolutionary+Anthropology&rft.atitle=Archeology+and+the+Dispersal+of+Modern+Humans+in+Europe%3A+Deconstructing+the+Aurignacian&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=167-182&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fevan.20103&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A85316570%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Mellars&rft.aufirst=P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurignacian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ice-age-art.de/anfaenge_der_kunst/vogelherd.php">Finds from the Vogelherd cave</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930140128/http://www.ice-age-art.de/anfaenge_der_kunst/vogelherd.php">Archived</a> 2007-09-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConard2009" class="citation journal cs1">Conard, Nicholas (2009). "A female figurine from the basal Aurignacian of Hohle Fels Cave in southwestern Germany". <i>Nature</i>. <b>459</b> (7244): 248–52. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009Natur.459..248C">2009Natur.459..248C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature07995">10.1038/nature07995</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19444215">19444215</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:205216692">205216692</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=A+female+figurine+from+the+basal+Aurignacian+of+Hohle+Fels+Cave+in+southwestern+Germany&rft.volume=459&rft.issue=7244&rft.pages=248-52&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature07995&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A205216692%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19444215&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009Natur.459..248C&rft.aulast=Conard&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurignacian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenderson2009" class="citation web cs1">Henderson, Mark (2009-05-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/visual_arts/article6282102.ece">"Prehistoric female figure 'earliest piece of erotic art uncovered'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Times</i>. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Prehistoric+female+figure+%27earliest+piece+of+erotic+art+uncovered%27&rft.date=2009-05-14&rft.aulast=Henderson&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fentertainment.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Farts_and_entertainment%2Fvisual_arts%2Farticle6282102.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurignacian" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2024">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-flute-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-flute_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-flute_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConard2009" class="citation journal cs1">Conard, Nicholas; et al. (6 August 2009). "New flutes document the earliest musical tradition in southwestern Germany". <i>Nature</i>. <b>460</b> (7256): 737–740. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009Natur.460..737C">2009Natur.460..737C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature08169">10.1038/nature08169</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19553935">19553935</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4336590">4336590</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=New+flutes+document+the+earliest+musical+tradition+in+southwestern+Germany&rft.volume=460&rft.issue=7256&rft.pages=737-740&rft.date=2009-08-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature08169&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4336590%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19553935&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009Natur.460..737C&rft.aulast=Conard&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurignacian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OriginsRecon-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OriginsRecon_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Leakey" title="Richard Leakey">Richard Leakey</a> & <a href="/wiki/Roger_Lewin" title="Roger Lewin">Roger Lewin</a>, <i>Origins Reconsidered: In Search of What Makes Us Human</i> (1992)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTalamo2021" class="citation journal cs1">Talamo, Sahra; et al. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8626500">"A 41,500 year-old decorated ivory pendant from Stajnia Cave (Poland)"</a>. <i>Scientific Reports</i>. <b>11</b> (1): 22078. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021NatSR..1122078T">2021NatSR..1122078T</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41598-021-01221-6">10.1038/s41598-021-01221-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8626500">8626500</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34837003">34837003</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:244699451">244699451</a>. <q>Here, we report the discovery of the oldest known human-modified punctate ornament, a decorated ivory pendant from the Paleolithic layers at Stajnia Cave in Poland. ... The punctate decorative motif is one of the artistic innovations that developed during the Early Aurignacian in Europe and the Eurasian Upper Paleolithic in the Russian Plains. Thus far, these marks on mobile objects have been interpreted as hunting tallies, arithmetic counting systems, or lunar notation, whereas others have suggested aesthetic purposes. The looping curve represented on the Stajnia pendant is similar to the engraved patterns of the Blanchard plaque. Whether these marks indicate cyclic notations or kill scores remain an open question, although the resemblance with the lunar analemma is striking.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+Reports&rft.atitle=A+41%2C500+year-old+decorated+ivory+pendant+from+Stajnia+Cave+%28Poland%29&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=22078&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8626500%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A244699451%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021NatSR..1122078T&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34837003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41598-021-01221-6&rft.aulast=Talamo&rft.aufirst=Sahra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8626500&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurignacian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlades2003" class="citation journal cs1">Blades, B (2003). "End scraper reduction and hunter-gatherer mobility". <i>American Antiquity</i>. <b>68</b> (1): 141–156. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3557037">10.2307/3557037</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3557037">3557037</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:164106990">164106990</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Antiquity&rft.atitle=End+scraper+reduction+and+hunter-gatherer+mobility&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=141-156&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A164106990%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3557037%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3557037&rft.aulast=Blades&rft.aufirst=B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurignacian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeguin-OrlandoKorneliussen2014" class="citation journal cs1">Seguin-Orlando, Andaine; Korneliussen, Thorfinn S. (28 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6mb1d8p0">"Genomic structure in Europeans dating back at least 36,200 years"</a>. <i>Science</i>. <b>346</b> (6213): 1113–1118. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014Sci...346.1113S">2014Sci...346.1113S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.aaa0114">10.1126/science.aaa0114</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25378462">25378462</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:206632421">206632421</a>. <q>The few AMH fossils associated with these initial UP industries are morphologically variable. In western Eurasia, the distinctive Aurignacian toolkit, first observed at Willendorf (Austria) by 43.5 ka, became predominant across the earlier range by 39 ka. Although analyses of ancient human genomes have advanced our understanding of the European past, revealing contributions from Paleolithic Siberians, European Mesolithic, and Near Eastern Neolithic groups to the European gene pool, the possible contribution of the earliest Eurasians to these later cultures and to contemporary human populations remains unknown. To investigate this, we sequenced the genome of Kostenki 14 (K14, Markina Gora)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Genomic+structure+in+Europeans+dating+back+at+least+36%2C200+years&rft.volume=346&rft.issue=6213&rft.pages=1113-1118&rft.date=2014-11-28&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.aaa0114&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A206632421%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25378462&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2014Sci...346.1113S&rft.aulast=Seguin-Orlando&rft.aufirst=Andaine&rft.au=Korneliussen%2C+Thorfinn+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fescholarship.org%2Fuc%2Fitem%2F6mb1d8p0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurignacian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoffecker2011" class="citation journal cs1">Hoffecker, John F. (January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.20284">"The early upper Paleolithic of eastern Europe reconsidered"</a>. <i>Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews</i>. <b>20</b> (1): 24–39. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fevan.20284">10.1002/evan.20284</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22034081">22034081</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:32216495">32216495</a>. <q>The determination of a complete genome from ancient mtDNA extracted from a skeleton associated with Layer III at Kostenki 14 indicates that mtDNA subgroup U2 is represented among the people who occupied the central East European Plain at ca. 35,000 cal BP. This subgroup is widely distributed today in southern and central Asia, the Near East, and Europe, and is linked to one of the oldest genetic markers in Europe, mtDNA haplogroup U. At Kostenki 14, this subgroup is associated with artifacts assigned to the Gorodtsovan Culture but reinterpreted here as an Eastern Aurignacian assemblage.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evolutionary+Anthropology%3A+Issues%2C+News%2C+and+Reviews&rft.atitle=The+early+upper+Paleolithic+of+eastern+Europe+reconsidered&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=24-39&rft.date=2011-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A32216495%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22034081&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fevan.20284&rft.aulast=Hoffecker&rft.aufirst=John+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1002%2Fevan.20284&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurignacian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoiseevKhartanovichZubova2017" class="citation journal cs1">Moiseev, V. G.; Khartanovich, V. I.; Zubova, A. V. (March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1134/S1019331617010099">"The Upper Paleolithic man from Markina Gora: Morphology vs. genetics?"</a>. <i>Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences</i>. <b>87</b> (2): 165–171. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017HRuAS..87..165M">2017HRuAS..87..165M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1134%2FS1019331617010099">10.1134/S1019331617010099</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1019-3316">1019-3316</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:157720076">157720076</a>. <q>The newly obtained dates make it possible to state that the burial in Markina Gora, according to calibrated data, is dated to within 38700-36200 years ago [8]. By the European scale, these dates synchronized it with the earliest Aurignacian complexes, among which the burial under study has a unique preservation</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Herald+of+the+Russian+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+Upper+Paleolithic+man+from+Markina+Gora%3A+Morphology+vs.+genetics%3F&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=165-171&rft.date=2017-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1134%2FS1019331617010099&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A157720076%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1019-3316&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017HRuAS..87..165M&rft.aulast=Moiseev&rft.aufirst=V.+G.&rft.au=Khartanovich%2C+V.+I.&rft.au=Zubova%2C+A.+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1134%2FS1019331617010099&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurignacian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidtZimmermann2019" class="citation journal cs1">Schmidt, I.; Zimmermann, A. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6373918">"Population dynamics and socio-spatial organization of the Aurignacian: Scalable quantitative demographic data for western and central Europe"</a>. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. <b>14</b> (2): e0211562. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019PLoSO..1411562S">2019PLoSO..1411562S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0211562">10.1371/journal.pone.0211562</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6373918">6373918</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30759115">30759115</a>. <q>Demographic estimates are presented for the Aurignacian techno-complex (~42,000 to 33,000 y calBP) and discussed in the context of socio-spatial organization of hunter-gatherer populations. Results of the analytical approach applied estimate a mean of 1,500 persons (upper limit: 3,300; lower limit: 800) for western and central Europe.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=Population+dynamics+and+socio-spatial+organization+of+the+Aurignacian%3A+Scalable+quantitative+demographic+data+for+western+and+central+Europe&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=e0211562&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6373918%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30759115&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0211562&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2019PLoSO..1411562S&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=I.&rft.au=Zimmermann%2C+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6373918&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurignacian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBocquet-AppelDemarsNoiretDobrowsky2005" class="citation journal cs1">Bocquet-Appel, J.-P.; Demars, P.-Y.; Noiret, L.; Dobrowsky, D. (2005). "Estimates of Upper Palaeolithic meta-population size in Europe from archaeological data". <i>Journal of Archaeological Science</i>. <b>32</b> (11): 1656–1668. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005JArSc..32.1656B">2005JArSc..32.1656B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jas.2005.05.006">10.1016/j.jas.2005.05.006</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Archaeological+Science&rft.atitle=Estimates+of+Upper+Palaeolithic+meta-population+size+in+Europe+from+archaeological+data&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=1656-1668&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jas.2005.05.006&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005JArSc..32.1656B&rft.aulast=Bocquet-Appel&rft.aufirst=J.-P.&rft.au=Demars%2C+P.-Y.&rft.au=Noiret%2C+L.&rft.au=Dobrowsky%2C+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurignacian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForsterRomanoOlivieriAchilli2007" class="citation journal cs1">Forster, P.; Romano, V.; Olivieri, A.; Achilli, A.; Pala, M.; Battaglia, V.; Fornarino, S.; Al-Zahery, N.; Scozzari, R.; Cruciani, F.; Behar, D. M.; Dugoujon, J.-M.; Coudray, C.; Santachiara-Benerecetti, A. S.; Semino, O.; Bandelt, H.-J.; Torroni, A. (2007). "Timing of a Back-Migration into Africa". <i>Science</i>. <b>316</b> (5821): 50–53. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.316.5821.50">10.1126/science.316.5821.50</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17412938">17412938</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:34614953">34614953</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Timing+of+a+Back-Migration+into+Africa&rft.volume=316&rft.issue=5821&rft.pages=50-53&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A34614953%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17412938&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.316.5821.50&rft.aulast=Forster&rft.aufirst=P.&rft.au=Romano%2C+V.&rft.au=Olivieri%2C+A.&rft.au=Achilli%2C+A.&rft.au=Pala%2C+M.&rft.au=Battaglia%2C+V.&rft.au=Fornarino%2C+S.&rft.au=Al-Zahery%2C+N.&rft.au=Scozzari%2C+R.&rft.au=Cruciani%2C+F.&rft.au=Behar%2C+D.+M.&rft.au=Dugoujon%2C+J.-M.&rft.au=Coudray%2C+C.&rft.au=Santachiara-Benerecetti%2C+A.+S.&rft.au=Semino%2C+O.&rft.au=Bandelt%2C+H.-J.&rft.au=Torroni%2C+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurignacian" class="Z3988"></span>, "Sequencing of 81 entire human mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) belonging to haplogroups M1 and U6 reveals that these predominantly North African clades arose in southwestern Asia and moved together to Africa about 40,000 to 45,000 years ago. Their arrival temporally overlaps with the event(s) that led to the peopling of Europe by modern humans and was most likely the result of the same change in climate conditions that allowed humans to enter the Levant, opening the way to the colonization of both Europe and North Africa. Thus, the early Upper Palaeolithic population(s) carrying M1 and U6 did not return to Africa along the southern coastal route of the "out of Africa" exit, but from the Mediterranean area; and the North African Dabban and European Aurignacian industries derived from a common Levantine source."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFu2016-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFu2016_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFu2016">Fu 2016</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fu2016-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fu2016_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFuPosth2016" class="citation journal cs1">Fu, Q.; Posth, C. 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(May 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC164492">"Evidence for a genetic discontinuity between Neandertals and 24,000-year-old anatomically modern Europeans"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. <b>100</b> (11): 6593–6597. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003PNAS..100.6593C">2003PNAS..100.6593C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1130343100">10.1073/pnas.1130343100</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC164492">164492</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12743370">12743370</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+a+genetic+discontinuity+between+Neandertals+and+24%2C000-year-old+anatomically+modern+Europeans&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=6593-6597&rft.date=2003-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC164492%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12743370&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.1130343100&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003PNAS..100.6593C&rft.aulast=Caramelli&rft.aufirst=D.&rft.au=Lalueza-Fox%2C+C.&rft.au=Vernesi%2C+C.&rft.au=Lari%2C+M.&rft.au=Casoli%2C+A.&rft.au=Mallegni%2C+F.&rft.au=Chiarelli%2C+B.&rft.au=Dupanloup%2C+I.&rft.au=Bertranpetit%2C+J.&rft.au=Barbujani%2C+G.&rft.au=Bertorelle%2C+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC164492&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurignacian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValliniMarcianiAneliBortolini2022" class="citation journal cs1">Vallini, Leonardo; Marciani, Giulia; Aneli, Serena; Bortolini, Eugenio; Benazzi, Stefano; Pievani, Telmo; Pagani, Luca (2022-04-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9021735">"Genetics and Material Culture Support Repeated Expansions into Paleolithic Eurasia from a Population Hub Out of Africa"</a>. <i>Genome Biology and Evolution</i>. <b>14</b> (4): evac045. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgbe%2Fevac045">10.1093/gbe/evac045</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1759-6653">1759-6653</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9021735">9021735</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35445261">35445261</a>. <q>The UP branch would have then emerged from a putative OoA population Hub well after 45 ka, a scenario that finds support in previous hypotheses on the appearance of UP techno-complexes (e.g. Aurignacian) in Europe, although the role of migrations and exchange between Europe, Western Asia, and the Levant is still debated (Conard 2002; Mellars 2006; Teyssandier 2006; Davies 2007; Hoffecker 2009; Le Brun-Ricalens et al. 2009; Nigst et al. 2014; Zilhão 2014; Hublin 2015; Bataille et al. 2020; Falcucci et al. 2020).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genome+Biology+and+Evolution&rft.atitle=Genetics+and+Material+Culture+Support+Repeated+Expansions+into+Paleolithic+Eurasia+from+a+Population+Hub+Out+of+Africa&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=evac045&rft.date=2022-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9021735%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1759-6653&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35445261&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fgbe%2Fevac045&rft.aulast=Vallini&rft.aufirst=Leonardo&rft.au=Marciani%2C+Giulia&rft.au=Aneli%2C+Serena&rft.au=Bortolini%2C+Eugenio&rft.au=Benazzi%2C+Stefano&rft.au=Pievani%2C+Telmo&rft.au=Pagani%2C+Luca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9021735&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurignacian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZwyns2021" class="citation journal cs1">Zwyns, Nicolas (2021-06-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs41982-021-00085-6">"The Initial Upper Paleolithic in Central and East Asia: Blade Technology, Cultural Transmission, and Implications for Human Dispersals"</a>. <i>Journal of Paleolithic Archaeology</i>. <b>4</b> (3): 19. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021JPalA...4...19Z">2021JPalA...4...19Z</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs41982-021-00085-6">10.1007/s41982-021-00085-6</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2520-8217">2520-8217</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Paleolithic+Archaeology&rft.atitle=The+Initial+Upper+Paleolithic+in+Central+and+East+Asia%3A+Blade+Technology%2C+Cultural+Transmission%2C+and+Implications+for+Human+Dispersals&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=19&rft.date=2021-06-20&rft.issn=2520-8217&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs41982-021-00085-6&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021JPalA...4...19Z&rft.aulast=Zwyns&rft.aufirst=Nicolas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%252Fs41982-021-00085-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurignacian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Langer-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Langer_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Langer_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLanger1972" class="citation book cs1">Langer, William L., ed. 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In Šmid Hribar, Mateja; Torkar, Gregor; Golež, Mateja; et al. (eds.). <i>Enciklopedija naravne in kulturne dediščine na Slovenskem – DEDI</i> (in Slovenian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dedi.si/dediscina/323">the original</a> on 2012-05-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Poto%C4%8Dka+zijalka&rft.btitle=Enciklopedija+naravne+in+kulturne+dedi%C5%A1%C4%8Dine+na+Slovenskem+%E2%80%93+DEDI&rft.aulast=Debeljak&rft.aufirst=Irena&rft.au=Turk%2C+Matija&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dedi.si%2Fdediscina%2F323&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurignacian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurignacian&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFu2016" class="citation journal cs1">Fu, Qiaomei (May 2, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4943878">"The genetic history of Ice Age Europe"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a></i>. <b>534</b> (7606). <a href="/wiki/Nature_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature Research">Nature Research</a>: 200–205. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Natur.534..200F">2016Natur.534..200F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature17993">10.1038/nature17993</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10211.3%2F198594">10211.3/198594</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4943878">4943878</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27135931">27135931</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=The+genetic+history+of+Ice+Age+Europe&rft.volume=534&rft.issue=7606&rft.pages=200-205&rft.date=2016-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4943878%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2016Natur.534..200F&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27135931&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature17993&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10211.3%2F198594&rft.aulast=Fu&rft.aufirst=Qiaomei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4943878&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurignacian" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 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title="Template:Venus figurines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Venus_figurines" title="Template talk:Venus figurines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Venus_figurines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Venus figurines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Venus_figurines_in_prehistoric_art" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurine" title="Venus figurine">Venus figurines</a> in <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_art" title="Prehistoric art">prehistoric art</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Acheulean" title="Acheulean">Acheulean</a> <br />(disputed)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Tan-Tan" title="Venus of Tan-Tan">Tan-Tan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Berekhat_Ram" title="Venus of Berekhat Ram">Berekhat Ram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aurignacian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Hohle_Fels" title="Venus of Hohle Fels">Hohle Fels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Galgenberg" title="Venus of Galgenberg">Galgenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adorant_from_the_Gei%C3%9Fenkl%C3%B6sterle_cave" title="Adorant from the Geißenklösterle cave">Adorant from the Geißenklösterle cave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gravettian" title="Gravettian">Gravettian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Doln%C3%AD_V%C4%9Bstonice" title="Venus of Dolní Věstonice">Dolní Věstonice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Brassempouy" title="Venus of Brassempouy">Brassempouy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurines_of_Gagarino" title="Venus figurines of Gagarino">Gagarino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurines_of_Kostyonki" title="Venus figurines of Kostyonki">Kostenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Laussel" title="Venus of Laussel">Laussel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Lespugue" title="Venus of Lespugue">Lespugue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Pet%C5%99kovice" title="Venus of Petřkovice">Petřkovice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Savignano" title="Venus of Savignano">Savignano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurines_of_Mal%27ta" title="Venus figurines of Mal'ta">Mal'ta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Buret%27" title="Venus of Buret'">Buret'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Mauern" title="Venus of Mauern">Mauern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Venus_of_Trou_Magrite_(horizontal_as_in_the_museum_diplay,_and_vertical_as_depicted_when_interpreted_as_a_Venus).jpg" title="File:Venus of Trou Magrite (horizontal as in the museum diplay, and vertical as depicted when interpreted as a Venus).jpg">Trou Magrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurines_of_Balzi_Rossi" title="Venus figurines of Balzi Rossi">Balzi Rossi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Willendorf" title="Venus of Willendorf">Willendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurines_of_Zaraysk" title="Venus figurines of Zaraysk">Zaraysk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Magdalenian" title="Magdalenian">Magdalenian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurines_of_G%C3%B6nnersdorf" title="Venus figurines of Gönnersdorf">Gönnersdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurines_of_Petersfels" title="Venus figurines of Petersfels">Petersfels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Monruz" title="Venus of Monruz">Monruz</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Stone_Age_art" title="List of Stone Age art">List of Stone Age art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prehistoric_technology" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prehistoric_technology" title="Template:Prehistoric technology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prehistoric_technology" title="Template talk:Prehistoric technology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prehistoric_technology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prehistoric technology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prehistoric_technology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_technology" title="Prehistoric technology">Prehistoric technology</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory" title="Prehistory">Prehistory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_prehistory" title="Timeline of prehistory">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_prehistoric_technology" title="Outline of prehistoric technology">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Age" title="Stone Age">Stone Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-age_system#Stone_Age_subdivisions" title="Three-age system">Subdivisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">New Stone Age</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">Technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_technology" title="History of technology">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_archaeology" title="Glossary of archaeology">Glossary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Tools" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lithic_technology" title="Lithic technology">Tools</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture" title="History of agriculture">Farming</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution" title="Neolithic Revolution">Neolithic Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Founder_crops" title="Founder crops">Founder crops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_crops" title="New World crops">New World crops</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ard_(plough)" title="Ard (plough)">Ard / plough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celt_(tool)" title="Celt (tool)">Celt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digging_stick" title="Digging stick">Digging stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestication" title="Domestication">Domestication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goad" title="Goad">Goad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">Irrigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_products_revolution" title="Secondary products revolution">Secondary products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sickle" title="Sickle">Sickle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrace_(earthworks)" title="Terrace (earthworks)">Terracing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Food processing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Control_of_fire_by_early_humans" title="Control of fire by early humans">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basket" title="Basket">Basket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooking" title="Cooking">Cooking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earth_oven" title="Earth oven">Earth oven</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granary" title="Granary">Granaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grinding_slab" title="Grinding slab">Grinding slab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_stone" title="Ground stone">Ground stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hearth" title="Hearth">Hearth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A%C5%9F%C4%B1kl%C4%B1_H%C3%B6y%C3%BCk#Hearths" title="Aşıklı Höyük">Aşıklı Höyük</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qesem_cave#Fire" title="Qesem cave">Qesem cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mano_(stone)" title="Mano (stone)">Manos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metate" title="Metate">Metate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortar_and_pestle" title="Mortar and pestle">Mortar and pestle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">Pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quern-stone" title="Quern-stone">Quern-stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_storage_pits" title="Prehistoric storage pits">Storage pits</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Hunting_hypothesis" title="Hunting hypothesis">Hunting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrow" title="Arrow">Arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boomerang" title="Boomerang">Boomerang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Throwing_stick" title="Throwing stick">throwing stick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_and_arrow" title="Bow and arrow">Bow and arrow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_archery" title="History of archery">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravettian#Hunting" title="Gravettian">Nets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spear" title="Spear">Spear</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spear-thrower" title="Spear-thrower">spear-thrower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baton_fragment_(Palart_310)" title="Baton fragment (Palart 310)">baton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpoon" title="Harpoon">harpoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%B6ningen_spears" title="Schöningen spears">Schöningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woomera_(spear-thrower)" title="Woomera (spear-thrower)">woomera</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Projectile_point" title="Projectile point">Projectile points</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrowhead" title="Arrowhead">Arrowhead</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_arrowhead" title="Transverse arrowhead">Transverse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bare_Island_projectile_point" title="Bare Island projectile point">Bare Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_point" title="Cascade point">Cascade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_point" title="Clovis point">Clovis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creswellian_culture" title="Creswellian culture">Cresswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_point" title="Cumberland point">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eden_point" title="Eden point">Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folsom_point" title="Folsom point">Folsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamoka_projectile_point" title="Lamoka projectile point">Lamoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manis_Mastodon_site" title="Manis Mastodon site">Manis Mastodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plano_point" title="Plano point">Plano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Game_drive_system" title="Game drive system">Game drive system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_jump" title="Buffalo jump">Buffalo jump</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Lithic_technology" title="Lithic technology">Toolmaking</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industry_(archaeology)" title="Industry (archaeology)">Earliest toolmaking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oldowan" title="Oldowan">Oldowan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acheulean" title="Acheulean">Acheulean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mousterian" title="Mousterian">Mousterian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aurignacian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_culture" title="Clovis culture">Clovis culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupstone" title="Cupstone">Cupstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_hardening" title="Fire hardening">Fire hardening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravettian" title="Gravettian">Gravettian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafting" title="Hafting">Hafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_axe" title="Hand axe">Hand axe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grooves_(archaeology)" title="Grooves (archaeology)">Grooves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langdale_axe_industry" title="Langdale axe industry">Langdale axe industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levallois_technique" title="Levallois technique">Levallois technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_core" title="Lithic core">Lithic core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_reduction" title="Lithic reduction">Lithic reduction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_analysis" title="Lithic analysis">analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debitage" title="Debitage">debitage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_flake" title="Lithic flake">flake</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_technology" title="Lithic technology">Lithic technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdalenian" title="Magdalenian">Magdalenian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrous_metallurgy" title="Ferrous metallurgy">Metallurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microblade_technology" title="Microblade technology">Microblade technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grime%27s_Graves" title="Grime's Graves">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prepared-core_technique" title="Prepared-core technique">Prepared-core technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solutrean" title="Solutrean">Solutrean industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striking_platform" title="Striking platform">Striking platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tool_stone" title="Tool stone">Tool stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniface" title="Uniface">Uniface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yubetsu_technique" title="Yubetsu technique">Yubetsu technique</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)" title="Artifact (archaeology)">Other tools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adze" title="Adze">Adze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stitching_awl" title="Stitching awl">Awl</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gravettian#Use_of_animal_remains" title="Gravettian">bone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axe" title="Axe">Axe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bannerstone" title="Bannerstone">Bannerstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blade_(archaeology)" title="Blade (archaeology)">Blade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prismatic_blade" title="Prismatic blade">prismatic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bone_tool" title="Bone tool">Bone tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_drill" title="Bow drill">Bow drill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burin_(lithic_flake)" title="Burin (lithic flake)">Burin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe#History" title="Canoe">Canoe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oar" title="Oar">Oar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesse_canoe" title="Pesse canoe">Pesse canoe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopper_(archaeology)" title="Chopper (archaeology)">Chopper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chopping_tool" title="Chopping tool">tool</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleaver_(Stone_Age_tool)" title="Cleaver (Stone Age tool)">Cleaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denticulate_tool" title="Denticulate tool">Denticulate tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_plough" title="Fire plough">Fire plough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire-saw" title="Fire-saw">Fire-saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammerstone" title="Hammerstone">Hammerstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knife" title="Knife">Knife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microlith" title="Microlith">Microlith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quern-stone" title="Quern-stone">Quern-stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racloir" title="Racloir">Racloir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope" title="Rope">Rope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scraper_(archaeology)" title="Scraper (archaeology)">Scraper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grattoir_de_c%C3%B4t%C3%A9" title="Grattoir de côté">side</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_tool" title="Stone tool">Stone tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tally_stick#Paleolithic_tally_sticks" title="Tally stick">Tally stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_weapons#Copper_Age" title="History of weapons">Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheel" title="Wheel">Wheel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bronocice_pot" title="Bronocice pot">illustration</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Architecture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_architecture" title="History of architecture">Architecture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Ceremonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kiva" title="Kiva">Kiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramid" title="Pyramid">Pyramid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhir" title="Menhir">Standing stones</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Megalith" title="Megalith">megalith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_row" title="Stone row">row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonehenge" title="Stonehenge">Stonehenge</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Dwellings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_architecture" title="Neolithic architecture">Neolithic architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_long_house" title="Neolithic long house">long house</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_megalith_architecture" title="British megalith architecture">British megalith architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_megalith_architecture" title="Nordic megalith architecture">Nordic megalith architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burdei" title="Burdei">Burdei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave" title="Cave">Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff_dwelling" title="Cliff dwelling">Cliff dwelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugout_(shelter)" title="Dugout (shelter)">Dugout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hut" title="Hut">Hut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quiggly_hole" title="Quiggly hole">Quiggly hole</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacal" title="Jacal">Jacal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhouse" title="Longhouse">Longhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudbrick" title="Mudbrick">Mudbrick</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mehrgarh#Lifestyle_and_technology" title="Mehrgarh">Mehrgarh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pit-house" title="Pit-house">Pit-house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_pueblitos" title="Navajo pueblitos">Pueblitos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo" title="Pueblo">Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_shelter" title="Rock shelter">Rock shelter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blombos_Cave" title="Blombos Cave">Blombos Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abri_de_la_Madeleine" title="Abri de la Madeleine">Abri de la Madeleine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibudu_Cave" title="Sibudu Cave">Sibudu Cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roundhouse_(dwelling)" title="Roundhouse (dwelling)">Roundhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stilt_house" title="Stilt house">Stilt house</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_pile_dwellings_around_the_Alps" title="Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps">Alp pile dwellings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ness_of_Brodgar" title="Ness of Brodgar">Stone roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wattle_and_daub" title="Wattle and daub">Wattle and daub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Water management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Check_dam" title="Check dam">Check dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistern" title="Cistern">Cistern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flush_toilet#History" title="Flush toilet">Flush toilet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reservoir" title="Reservoir">Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well" title="Well">Well</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Other architecture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feature_(archaeology)" title="Feature (archaeology)">Archaeological features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broch" title="Broch">Broch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnt_mound" title="Burnt mound">Burnt mound</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fulacht_fiadh" title="Fulacht fiadh">fulacht fiadh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Causewayed_enclosure" title="Causewayed enclosure">Causewayed enclosure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tor_enclosure" title="Tor enclosure">Tor enclosure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_circular_enclosures_in_Central_Europe" title="Neolithic circular enclosures in Central Europe">Circular enclosure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goseck_Circle" title="Goseck Circle">Goseck</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursus" title="Cursus">Cursus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henge" title="Henge">Henge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thornborough_Henges" title="Thornborough Henges">Thornborough</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_architectural_elements" title="Megalithic architectural elements">Megalithic architectural elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midden" title="Midden">Midden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_extant_buildings" title="List of oldest extant buildings">Oldest extant buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_circle" title="Timber circle">Timber circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_trackway" class="mw-redirect" title="Timber trackway">Timber trackway</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_Track" title="Sweet Track">Sweet Track</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Arts_and_culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_art" title="Prehistoric art">Arts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_culture" title="Archaeological culture">culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)" title="Artifact (archaeology)">Material goods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basket_weaving" title="Basket weaving">Baskets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beadwork" title="Beadwork">Beadwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bed#History" title="Bed">Beds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic" title="Chalcolithic">Chalcolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles" title="History of clothing and textiles">Clothing/textiles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology" title="Timeline of clothing and textiles technology">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_cosmetics" title="History of cosmetics">Cosmetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Stone_Age" title="Middle Stone Age">Glue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_hide_materials" title="History of hide materials">Hides</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shoe#History" title="Shoe">shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96tzi#Clothes_and_shoes" title="Ötzi">Ötzi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewellery#History" title="Jewellery">Jewelry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amber#Use" title="Amber">amber use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirror#History" title="Mirror">Mirrors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottery#History" title="Pottery">Pottery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardium_pottery" title="Cardium pottery">Cardium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cord-marked_pottery" title="Cord-marked pottery">Cord-marked</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grooved_ware" title="Grooved ware">Grooved ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_pottery" title="Jōmon pottery">Jōmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Pottery_culture" title="Linear Pottery culture">Linear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unstan_ware" title="Unstan ware">Unstan ware</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewing_needle#History" title="Sewing needle">Sewing needle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">Weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_wine" title="History of wine">Wine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Areni-1_winery" title="Areni-1 winery">winery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_wine_press#Early_history" title="History of the wine press">wine press</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_art" title="Prehistoric art">Prehistoric art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Upper_Paleolithic" title="Art of the Upper Paleolithic">Art of the Upper Paleolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Middle_Paleolithic" title="Art of the Middle Paleolithic">Art of the Middle Paleolithic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blombos_Cave#Archaeological_remains_and_material_culture_from_the_Middle_Stone_Age_levels" title="Blombos Cave">Blombos Cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Stone_Age_art" title="List of Stone Age art">List of Stone Age art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_stone" title="Bird stone">Bird stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairn" title="Cairn">Cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carved_stone_balls" title="Carved stone balls">Carved stone balls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_painting" title="Cave painting">Cave paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cup_and_ring_mark" title="Cup and ring mark">Cup and ring mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoglyph" title="Geoglyph">Geoglyph</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hill_figure" title="Hill figure">Hill figure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_hat" title="Golden hat">Golden hats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardian_stones" title="Guardian stones">Guardian stones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwion_Gwion_rock_paintings" title="Gwion Gwion rock paintings">Gwion Gwion rock paintings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_painting#Pre-history" title="History of painting">painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigment#History" title="Pigment">pigment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_art" title="Megalithic art">Megalithic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroform" title="Petroform">Petroform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroglyph" title="Petroglyph">Petroglyph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrosomatoglyph" title="Petrosomatoglyph">Petrosomatoglyph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictogram" title="Pictogram">Pictogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_art" title="Rock art">Rock art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_cupule" title="Rock cupule">Rock cupule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_carving" title="Stone carving">Stone carving</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture#Prehistoric_periods" title="Sculpture">Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_menhir" title="Statue menhir">Statue menhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_circle" title="Stone circle">Stone circle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stone_circles" title="List of stone circles">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_circles_in_the_British_Isles_and_Brittany" title="Stone circles in the British Isles and Brittany">British Isles and Brittany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurine" title="Venus figurine">Venus figurine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_religion" title="Paleolithic religion">Burial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tumulus" title="Tumulus">Burial mounds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowl_barrow" title="Bowl barrow">Bowl barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_barrow" title="Round barrow">Round barrow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mound_Builders" title="Mound Builders">Mound Builders culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_burial_mounds_in_the_United_States" title="List of burial mounds in the United States">U.S. sites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_tomb" title="Chamber tomb">Chamber tomb</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cotswold-Severn_Group" title="Cotswold-Severn Group">Cotswold-Severn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cist" title="Cist">Cist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dartmoor_kistvaens" title="Dartmoor kistvaens">Dartmoor kistvaens</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clava_cairn" title="Clava cairn">Clava cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_cairn" title="Court cairn">Court cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cremation#History" title="Cremation">Cremation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolmen" title="Dolmen">Dolmen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_dolmen" title="Great dolmen">Great dolmen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyre" title="Pyre">Funeral pyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallery_grave" title="Gallery grave">Gallery grave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transepted_gallery_grave" class="mw-redirect" title="Transepted gallery grave">transepted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedge-shaped_gallery_grave" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedge-shaped gallery grave">wedge-shaped</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grave_goods" title="Grave goods">Grave goods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jar_burial" title="Jar burial">Jar burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_barrow" title="Long barrow">Long barrow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unchambered_long_barrow" title="Unchambered long barrow">unchambered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%B8nsalen" title="Grønsalen">Grønsalen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_tomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Megalithic tomb">Megalithic tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mummy" title="Mummy">Mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_grave" title="Passage grave">Passage grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectangular_dolmen" title="Rectangular dolmen">Rectangular dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_cairn" title="Ring cairn">Ring cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_dolmen" title="Simple dolmen">Simple dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_box_grave" title="Stone box grave">Stone box grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tor_cairn" title="Tor cairn">Tor cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unchambered_long_cairn" title="Unchambered long cairn">Unchambered long cairn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Other cultural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeoastronomy" title="Archaeoastronomy">Archaeoastronomy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeoastronomical_sites_by_country" title="List of archaeoastronomical sites by country">sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">lunar calendar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_modernity" title="Behavioral modernity">Behavioral modernity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_musicology" title="Evolutionary musicology">Evolutionary musicology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_archaeology" title="Music archaeology">music archaeology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_origin_of_religion" title="Evolutionary origin of religion">Evolutionary origin of religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_religion" title="Paleolithic religion">Paleolithic religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_religion" title="Prehistoric religion">Prehistoric religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entheogenic_drugs_and_the_archaeological_record" title="Entheogenic drugs and the archaeological record">Spiritual drug use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_language" title="Origin of language">Origin of language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_counting" title="Prehistoric counting">Prehistoric counting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_medicine" title="Prehistoric medicine">Prehistoric medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trepanning" title="Trepanning">trepanning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_music" title="Prehistoric music">Prehistoric music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alligator_drum" title="Alligator drum">Alligator drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_flute" title="Paleolithic flute">flutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divje_Babe_flute" title="Divje Babe flute">Divje Babe flute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudi_(instrument)" title="Gudi (instrument)">gudi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_warfare" title="Prehistoric warfare">Prehistoric warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diepkloof_Rock_Shelter" title="Diepkloof Rock Shelter">Symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Howiesons_Poort#Symbolism" title="Howiesons Poort">symbolism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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