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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_settlement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_settlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Early settlement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_settlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colonial_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonial_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Colonial era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonial_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_African_administration_after_World_War_I" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_African_administration_after_World_War_I"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>South African administration after World War I</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_African_administration_after_World_War_I-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Since_Namibian_independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Since_Namibian_independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Since Namibian independence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Since_Namibian_independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Road</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Suburbs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suburbs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Suburbs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suburbs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Local_authority_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_authority_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Local authority elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_authority_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_and_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Twin towns and sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Places_of_worship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Places_of_worship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Places of worship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Places_of_worship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tertiary_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tertiary_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Tertiary institutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tertiary_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Other institutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secondary_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Secondary schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondary_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Windhoek</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 150 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-150" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">150 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Виндхук – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Виндхук" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Виндхук – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Виндхук" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%8A%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5%E1%88%81%E1%8A%AD" title="ዊንድሁክ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዊንድሁክ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%88%D9%83" title="ويندهوك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ويندهوك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind%E1%B8%A5oek" title="Windḥoek – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Windḥoek" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vind%C3%BAke" title="Vindúke – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Vindúke" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vindhuk" title="Vindhuk – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vindhuk" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%88%DA%A9" title="ویندهوک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ویندهوک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95" title="উইন্ডহুক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উইন্ডহুক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Виндхук – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Виндхук" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Віндхук – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Віндхук" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8E%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Ўіндгук – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ўіндгук" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Виндхук – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Виндхук" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%9D%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8C%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%80%E0%BC%8D" title="ཝིན་ཌི་ཧོཡིཀ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཝིན་ཌི་ཧོཡིཀ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Виндхук – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Виндхук" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek_(ulohang_dakbayan)" title="Windhoek (ulohang dakbayan) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Windhoek (ulohang dakbayan)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%88%D9%83" title="ڤيندهوك – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ڤيندهوك" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1st%C5%82%CA%BCah_Bii%CA%BC_Naayol%C3%AD" title="Nástłʼah Biiʼ Naayolí – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Nástłʼah Biiʼ Naayolí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%87%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BA" title="Βίντχουκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βίντχουκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vindhuko" title="Vindhuko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vindhuko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%88%DA%A9" title="ویندهوک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویندهوک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%88%ED%8A%B8%ED%9B%84%ED%81%AC" title="빈트후크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="빈트후크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%B0%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AF" title="Վինդհուկ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վինդհուկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95" title="विंडहोक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विंडहोक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Виндхук – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Виндхук" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A7" title="וינדהוק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="וינדהוק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind%C9%94k%C9%A9" title="Windɔkɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Windɔkɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%B0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ვინდჰუკი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვინდჰუკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Виндхук – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Виндхук" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windo%C3%A8k" title="Windoèk – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Windoèk" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Виндхук – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Виндхук" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vindhuka" title="Vindhuka – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vindhuka" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vindhukas" title="Vindhukas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vindhukas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vindhuk" title="Vindhuk – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Vindhuk" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Виндхук – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Виндхук" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="വിൻഡ്ഹോക്ക് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിൻഡ്ഹോക്ക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95" title="विंडहोक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="विंडहोक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%B0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ვინდჰუკი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ვინდჰუკი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%88%D9%83" title="ويندهوك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ويندهوك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%88%DA%A9" title="ویندهوک – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ویندهوک" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Виндгук – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Виндгук" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Виндхук – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Виндхук" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%95%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF" title="ウィントフック – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウィントフック" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Виндхук – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Виндхук" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhuk" title="Windhuk – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Windhuk" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vindxuk" title="Vindxuk – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Vindxuk" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%95" title="ਵੰਟਹੁਕ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵੰਟਹੁਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%86%DA%88%DB%81%D9%88%DA%A9" title="ونڈہوک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ونڈہوک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%88%DA%A9" title="ویندهوک – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ویندهوک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhuk" title="Windhuk – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Windhuk" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhuk" title="Windhuk – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Windhuk" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinduque" title="Vinduque – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vinduque" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Виндхук – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Виндхук" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%A0" title="ᱩᱭᱤᱱᱰᱦᱳᱠ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱩᱭᱤᱱᱰᱦᱳᱠ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vindhoek" title="Vindhoek – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vindhoek" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%86%DA%8A%DA%BE%D9%88%D8%A6%DA%AA" title="ونڊھوئڪ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ونڊھوئڪ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhuk" title="Windhuk – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Windhuk" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%BE%D9%88%DA%A9" title="ویندھوک – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ویندھوک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Виндхук – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Виндхук" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D" title="விந்தோக் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="விந்தோக்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81" title="วินด์ฮุก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วินด์ฮุก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D2%B3%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Виндҳук – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Виндҳук" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Виндхук – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Виндхук" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Віндгук – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Віндгук" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88_%DB%81%D9%88%DA%A9" title="وینڈ ہوک – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="وینڈ ہوک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vindhuk" title="Vindhuk – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Vindhuk" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%BE%97%E5%92%8C%E5%85%8B" title="溫得和克 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="溫得和克" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A7" title="ווינטהוק – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ווינטהוק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Windhoek" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="溫荷克 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="溫荷克" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind%27oek" title="Wind'oek – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Wind'oek" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%BE%97%E5%92%8C%E5%85%8B" title="温得和克 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="温得和克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Windhoek&params=22_34_12_S_17_5_1_E_region:NA_type:city(486169)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">22°34′12″S</span> <span class="longitude">17°5′1″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">22.57000°S 17.08361°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-22.57000; 17.08361</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital and largest city of Namibia</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital city in Khomas Region, Namibia</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Windhoek</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span title="Khoekhoe-language text"><i lang="naq">ǀAi-ǁGams</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Khoekhoe_language" title="Khoekhoe language">Khoekhoe</a>)</span></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span title="Otjiherero-language text"><i lang="hz">Otjomuise</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Otjiherero_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Otjiherero language">Otjiherero</a>)</span></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Windhuk</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital city</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">City of Windhoek</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:282px;max-width:282px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:280px;max-width:280px"><div style="height:156px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Windhoek-269058_1920.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Windhoek-269058_1920.jpg/278px-Windhoek-269058_1920.jpg" decoding="async" width="278" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Windhoek-269058_1920.jpg/417px-Windhoek-269058_1920.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Windhoek-269058_1920.jpg/556px-Windhoek-269058_1920.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1079" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:82px;max-width:82px"><div style="height:119px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eglise_luth%C3%A9rienne_de_Windhoek_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Eglise_luth%C3%A9rienne_de_Windhoek_%281%29.jpg/80px-Eglise_luth%C3%A9rienne_de_Windhoek_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Eglise_luth%C3%A9rienne_de_Windhoek_%281%29.jpg/120px-Eglise_luth%C3%A9rienne_de_Windhoek_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Eglise_luth%C3%A9rienne_de_Windhoek_%281%29.jpg/160px-Eglise_luth%C3%A9rienne_de_Windhoek_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="5472" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:196px;max-width:196px"><div style="height:119px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Windhuk_Independence_Memorial_Museum_Blick_auf_den_Tintenpalast_6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Windhuk_Independence_Memorial_Museum_Blick_auf_den_Tintenpalast_6.jpg/194px-Windhuk_Independence_Memorial_Museum_Blick_auf_den_Tintenpalast_6.jpg" decoding="async" width="194" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Windhuk_Independence_Memorial_Museum_Blick_auf_den_Tintenpalast_6.jpg/291px-Windhuk_Independence_Memorial_Museum_Blick_auf_den_Tintenpalast_6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Windhuk_Independence_Memorial_Museum_Blick_auf_den_Tintenpalast_6.jpg/388px-Windhuk_Independence_Memorial_Museum_Blick_auf_den_Tintenpalast_6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4484" data-file-height="2757" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:147px;max-width:147px"><div style="height:96px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Laika_ac_New_State_House_(8406704947).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Laika_ac_New_State_House_%288406704947%29.jpg/145px-Laika_ac_New_State_House_%288406704947%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Laika_ac_New_State_House_%288406704947%29.jpg/218px-Laika_ac_New_State_House_%288406704947%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Laika_ac_New_State_House_%288406704947%29.jpg/290px-Laika_ac_New_State_House_%288406704947%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5012" data-file-height="3345" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:131px;max-width:131px"><div style="height:96px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bahnhof_Windhoek.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Bahnhof_Windhoek.jpg/129px-Bahnhof_Windhoek.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Bahnhof_Windhoek.jpg/194px-Bahnhof_Windhoek.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Bahnhof_Windhoek.jpg/258px-Bahnhof_Windhoek.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption"><b>Clockwise from top:</b> <a href="/wiki/Windhoek_Central_Business_District" title="Windhoek Central Business District">Windhoek CBD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tintenpalast" class="mw-redirect" title="Tintenpalast">Parliament building</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windhoek_railway_station" title="Windhoek railway station">Windhoek railway station</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_House,_Windhoek" title="State House, Windhoek">State House</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Windhoek" title="Christ Church, Windhoek">Christ Church</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Windhoek.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Windhoek"><img alt="Flag of Windhoek" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Windhoek.gif/140px-Flag_of_Windhoek.gif" decoding="async" width="140" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Windhoek.gif/210px-Flag_of_Windhoek.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Windhoek.gif/280px-Flag_of_Windhoek.gif 2x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="216" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Windhoek_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Windhoek"><img alt="Coat of arms of Windhoek" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Windhoek_COA.svg/80px-Windhoek_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Windhoek_COA.svg/120px-Windhoek_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Windhoek_COA.svg/160px-Windhoek_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="361" data-file-height="578" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Suum Cuique</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> for 'To each his own')</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Namibia_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Windhoek is located in Namibia"><img alt="Windhoek is located in Namibia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Namibia_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-Namibia_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Namibia_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-Namibia_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Namibia_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-Namibia_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1806" data-file-height="1739" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:46.742%;left:41.105%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Windhoek"><img alt="Windhoek" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Windhoek</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Windhoek in <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Namibia</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Africa_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Windhoek is located in Africa"><img alt="Windhoek is located in Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Africa_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-Africa_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Africa_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-Africa_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Africa_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-Africa_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1525" data-file-height="1440" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:80.656%;left:51.287%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Windhoek"><img alt="Windhoek" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Windhoek</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Windhoek (Africa)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Africa</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Windhoek&params=22_34_12_S_17_5_1_E_region:NA_type:city(486169)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">22°34′12″S</span> <span class="longitude">17°5′1″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">22.57000°S 17.08361°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-22.57000; 17.08361</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Namibia" title="Regions of Namibia">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Khomas_Region" title="Khomas Region">Khomas Region</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First settled</th><td class="infobox-data">1840</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Second founding</th><td class="infobox-data">18 October 1890</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mayor-council_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor-council government">Mayor-council government</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data">Queen Kamati (<a href="/wiki/South_West_Africa_People%27s_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="South West Africa People's Organisation">SWAPO</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Deputy Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data">Joseph Uapingene (<a href="/wiki/National_Unity_Democratic_Organisation" title="National Unity Democratic Organisation">NUDO</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">5,133 km<sup>2</sup> (1,982 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,655 m (5,430 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2023 census)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">486,169</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">95/km<sup>2</sup> (250/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_Africa_Time" title="Central Africa Time">Central Africa Time</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">(Not Observed)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Namibia" title="Postal codes in Namibia">Postal code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">10005</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Namibia" title="Telephone numbers in Namibia">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">061</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Climate</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/BSh" class="mw-redirect" title="BSh">BSh</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.windhoekcc.org.na">www<wbr />.windhoekcc<wbr />.org<wbr />.na</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Windhoek</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/ʊ/: 'u' in 'push'">ʊ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/Afrikaans_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrikaans language">Afrikaans</a>:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="af-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Afrikaans" title="Help:IPA/Afrikaans">[ˈvəntɦuk]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e9\/Af-Windhoek.oga\/Af-Windhoek.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Af-Windhoek.oga"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e9/Af-Windhoek.oga/Af-Windhoek.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Af-Windhoek.oga" title="File:Af-Windhoek.oga">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Windhuk</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈvɪnthʊk]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/da\/De-Windhoek.oga\/De-Windhoek.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Windhoek.oga"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/da/De-Windhoek.oga/De-Windhoek.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Windhoek.oga" title="File:De-Windhoek.oga">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Khoekhoe_language" title="Khoekhoe language">Khoekhoe</a>: <i lang="naq">ǀAi-ǁGams</i>; <a href="/wiki/Otjiherero_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Otjiherero language">Otjiherero</a>: <i lang="hz">Otjomuise</i>) is the capital and largest city of <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a>. It is located in central Namibia in the <a href="/wiki/Khomas_Highland" class="mw-redirect" title="Khomas Highland">Khomas Highland</a> plateau area, at around 1,700 m (5,600 ft) above sea level, almost exactly at the country's geographical centre. The population of Windhoek, which was 486,169 in 2023,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is constantly growing due to a continued migration from other regions in Namibia. </p><p>Windhoek is the social, economic, political, and cultural centre of the country. Nearly every Namibian national enterprise, governmental body, educational and cultural institution is headquartered there. </p><p>The city developed at the site of a permanent hot spring known to the local <a href="/wiki/Pastoral" title="Pastoral">pastoral</a> tribes. It developed rapidly after <a href="/wiki/Jonker_Afrikaner" title="Jonker Afrikaner">Jonker Afrikaner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tribal_chief" title="Tribal chief">Captain</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Orlam" class="mw-redirect" title="Orlam">Orlam</a>, settled there in 1840 and built a stone church for his community. In the decades following, multiple wars and armed hostilities resulted in the neglect and destruction of the new settlement. Windhoek was founded a second time in 1890 by <a href="/wiki/Imperial_German_Army" title="Imperial German Army">Imperial German Army</a> Major <a href="/wiki/Curt_von_Fran%C3%A7ois" title="Curt von François">Curt von François</a>, when the territory was colonised by the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windhoek&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Windhoek" title="Timeline of Windhoek">Timeline of Windhoek</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology">Etymology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windhoek&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Theories vary on how the city got its modern name of Windhoek. Most believe it is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a> words <i>wind</i> (meaning wind) and <i>hoek</i> (meaning corner). Another theory suggests that Captain <a href="/wiki/Jonker_Afrikaner" title="Jonker Afrikaner">Jonker Afrikaner</a> named Windhoek after the <a href="/wiki/Winterhoek" class="mw-redirect" title="Winterhoek">Winterhoek</a> Mountains at <a href="/wiki/Tulbagh" title="Tulbagh">Tulbagh</a> in South Africa, where his ancestors had lived. The first known mention of the name <i>Windhoek</i> was in a letter from Jonker Afrikaner to Joseph Tindall, dated 12 August 1844.<sup id="cite_ref-DierksK1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DierksK1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_settlement">Early settlement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windhoek&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early settlement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1840 <a href="/wiki/Jonker_Afrikaner" title="Jonker Afrikaner">Jonker Afrikaner</a> established an Orlam settlement at Windhoek.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He and his followers stayed near one of the main hot springs, located in the present-day <a href="/wiki/Klein_Windhoek" title="Klein Windhoek">Klein Windhoek</a> suburb.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He built a stone church that held 500 people; it was also used as a school. Two <a href="/wiki/Rhenish_Missionary_Society" title="Rhenish Missionary Society">Rhenish</a> <a href="/wiki/Missionaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Missionaries">missionaries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Hugo_Hahn" title="Carl Hugo Hahn">Carl Hugo Hahn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Franz_Heinrich_Kleinschmidt" title="Franz Heinrich Kleinschmidt">Franz Heinrich Kleinschmidt</a>, started working there in late 1842. Two years later they were driven out by two Methodist <a href="/wiki/Wesleyans" class="mw-redirect" title="Wesleyans">Wesleyans</a>, Richard Haddy and Joseph Tindall.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DierkbioA_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DierkbioA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gardens were laid out and for a while Windhoek prospered. A series of wars between the <a href="/wiki/Nama_people" title="Nama people">Nama</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herero_people" title="Herero people">Herero</a> tribes eventually destroyed the settlement. After a long absence, Hahn visited Windhoek again in 1873 and was dismayed to see that nothing remained of the town's former prosperity. In June 1885, a Swiss <a href="/wiki/Botanist" class="mw-redirect" title="Botanist">botanist</a> found only <a href="/wiki/Jackals" class="mw-redirect" title="Jackals">jackals</a> and starving <a href="/wiki/Guinea_fowl" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinea fowl">guinea fowl</a> amongst neglected fruit trees.<sup id="cite_ref-windhoekcc_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-windhoekcc-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_era">Colonial era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windhoek&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Colonial era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Windhuk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Windhuk.jpg/220px-Windhuk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Windhuk.jpg/330px-Windhuk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Windhuk.jpg/440px-Windhuk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="473" /></a><figcaption>Windhoek before 1908</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Windhuk_stamp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Windhuk_stamp.jpg/170px-Windhuk_stamp.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Windhuk_stamp.jpg/255px-Windhuk_stamp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Windhuk_stamp.jpg/340px-Windhuk_stamp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="389" data-file-height="276" /></a><figcaption>German South West Africa stamp postmarked <i>Windhuk</i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sanderburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Sanderburg.jpg/220px-Sanderburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Sanderburg.jpg/330px-Sanderburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Sanderburg.jpg/440px-Sanderburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1850" data-file-height="1250" /></a><figcaption>Sanderburg, one of the three castles of Windhoek</figcaption></figure> <p>A request by merchants from <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCderitzbucht" class="mw-redirect" title="Lüderitzbucht">Lüderitzbucht</a> resulted in the declaration in 1884 of a German <a href="/wiki/Protectorate" title="Protectorate">protectorate</a> over what was called <a href="/wiki/German_South_West_Africa" title="German South West Africa">German South West Africa</a> (<i>Deutsch-Südwestafrika</i>), now Namibia. The borders of the German colony were determined in 1890 and Germany sent a protective corps, the <i><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Schutztruppe_for_German_South_West_Africa" title="Imperial Schutztruppe for German South West Africa">Schutztruppe</a></i> under Major <a href="/wiki/Curt_von_Fran%C3%A7ois" title="Curt von François">Curt von François</a>, to maintain order.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Von François stationed his garrison at Windhoek, which was strategically situated as a buffer between the warring <a href="/wiki/Nama_people" title="Nama people">Nama</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herero_people" title="Herero people">Herero</a> peoples.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The twelve strong springs provided water for the cultivation of produce and grains. </p><p>Colonial Windhoek was founded on 18 October 1890, when von François fixed the foundation stone of the fort, which is now known as the <a href="/wiki/Alte_Feste" title="Alte Feste">Alte Feste</a> (Old Fortress).<sup id="cite_ref-DierkbioV_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DierkbioV-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-curtfarewell_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-curtfarewell-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After 1907, development accelerated as indigenous people migrated from the countryside to the growing town to seek work. More European settlers arrived from Germany and South Africa. Businesses were erected on Kaiser Street (presently <a href="/wiki/Independence_Avenue_(Windhoek)" title="Independence Avenue (Windhoek)">Independence Avenue</a>), and along the dominant mountain ridge over the city. At this time, Windhoek's three castles, <a href="/wiki/Heinitzburg" title="Heinitzburg">Heinitzburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanderburg" title="Sanderburg">Sanderburg</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Schwerinsburg" title="Schwerinsburg">Schwerinsburg</a>, were built. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_African_administration_after_World_War_I">South African administration after World War I</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windhoek&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: South African administration after World War I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The German colonial era came to an end after the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> but <a href="/wiki/South_West_Africa" title="South West Africa">South West Africa</a>, and with it Windhoek, had already fallen in 1915.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until the end of the war, the city was administered by a South African military government, and no further development occurred.<sup id="cite_ref-CoWnew_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CoWnew-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1920, after the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a>, the territory was placed under a <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations_mandate#Class_C_mandates" title="League of Nations mandate">Class C mandate</a> and again administered by South Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-geography_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geography-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, more capital became available to improve the area's economy. After 1955, large public projects were undertaken, such as the building of new schools and hospitals, tarring of the city's roads (a project begun in 1928 with Kaiser Street), and the building of dams and pipelines to stabilise the water supply.<sup id="cite_ref-windhoekcc_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-windhoekcc-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city introduced the world's first potable re-use plant in 1958, treating recycled sewage and sending it directly into the town's water supply.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 October 1966, the then Administrator of South West Africa granted Windhoek the coat of arms, which was registered on 2 October 1970 with the South African Bureau of Heraldry. Initially a stylized aloe was the principal emblem, but this was amended to a natural aloe (<i><a href="/wiki/Aloe_littoralis" title="Aloe littoralis">Aloe littoralis</a></i>) on 15 September 1972. The Coat of Arms is described as "A Windhoek aloe with a <a href="/wiki/Raceme" title="Raceme">raceme</a> of three flowers on an island. Crest: A mural crown <a href="/wiki/Or_(heraldry)" title="Or (heraldry)">Or</a>. Motto: SUUM CUIQUE (<i>To each their own</i>)".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Windhoek formally received its <a href="/wiki/Town_privileges" title="Town privileges">town privileges</a> on 18 October 1965 on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the second foundation of the town by von François.<sup id="cite_ref-Stadtrecht_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stadtrecht-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1971, the <a href="/wiki/1971%E2%80%9372_Namibian_contract_workers_strike" title="1971–72 Namibian contract workers strike">Namibian general contract workers</a> started from Windhoek with the goal of abolishing the contract labour system, opposing <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a>, and promoting Namibia's independence.<sup id="cite_ref-general_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-general-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Since_Namibian_independence">Since Namibian independence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windhoek&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Since Namibian independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since independence in 1990, Windhoek has remained the national capital, as well as the provincial capital of the central <a href="/wiki/Khomas_Region" title="Khomas Region">Khomas Region</a>. Since independence and the end of warfare, the city has had accelerated growth and development. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windhoek&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city is the administrative, commercial, and industrial centre of Namibia. A 1992/93 study estimated that Windhoek provides over half of Namibia's non-agricultural employment, with its national share of employment in utilities being 96%, in transport and communication 94%, finance and business services 82%.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to its relative size<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Windhoek is, even more than many other national capital cities, the social, economic, and cultural centre of the country. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Namibia" title="University of Namibia">University of Namibia</a> is based in the city, as well as nearly every national enterprise, including the country's only theatre, all ministry head offices, and all major media and financial entities.<sup id="cite_ref-profile_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-profile-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The governmental budget of the city of Windhoek nearly equals those of all other Namibian local authorities combined.<sup id="cite_ref-newera1_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newera1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the 3,300 US$-millionaires in Namibia, 1,400 live in Windhoek.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Windhoek Correctional Facility is the largest of Namibia's seven major prisons.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windhoek&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road">Road</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windhoek&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Road"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Windhoek-Skyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Windhoek-Skyline.jpg/220px-Windhoek-Skyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Windhoek-Skyline.jpg/330px-Windhoek-Skyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Windhoek-Skyline.jpg/440px-Windhoek-Skyline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1840" data-file-height="1232" /></a><figcaption>Windhoek skyline</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Independence_Avenue_Windhoek_Namibia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Independence_Avenue_Windhoek_Namibia.jpg/220px-Independence_Avenue_Windhoek_Namibia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Independence_Avenue_Windhoek_Namibia.jpg/330px-Independence_Avenue_Windhoek_Namibia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Independence_Avenue_Windhoek_Namibia.jpg/440px-Independence_Avenue_Windhoek_Namibia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Independence_Avenue_(Windhoek)" title="Independence Avenue (Windhoek)">Independence Avenue</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Windhoek's three main access roads from <a href="/wiki/Rehoboth,_Namibia" title="Rehoboth, Namibia">Rehoboth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gobabis" title="Gobabis">Gobabis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Okahandja" title="Okahandja">Okahandja</a> are paved, and are designed to be able to withstand the largest possible flood to be expected in fifty years. Sealed roads can carry traffic moving at 120 km/h (75 mph) and should last for 20 years. </p><p>In 1928, Kaiserstraße, now <a href="/wiki/Independence_Avenue_(Windhoek)" title="Independence Avenue (Windhoek)">Independence Avenue</a>, was the first paved road in Windhoek. Ten years later the next one, Gobabis road, now Sam Nujoma Drive, was also paved. Today, out of approximately 40,000 km (25,000 mi) of Namibia's total road network, about 5,000 km (3,100 mi) is <a href="/wiki/Paved_road" class="mw-redirect" title="Paved road">sealed</a>. </p><p>In 2014, The Roads Authority planned to upgrade the Windhoek-<a href="/wiki/Okahandja" title="Okahandja">Okahandja</a> road to a dual carriageway. It would cost about N$1 billion and was expected to be completed in 2021. Later on, they also planned to upgrade the Windhoek and Hosea Kutako International Airport to a dual carriageway. This was expected to be completed in 2022. </p><p>As everywhere in Namibia, public transport is scarce and transportation across town is largely done by taxi; there were 6,492 registered taxis in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windhoek&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Windhoek is served by two airports, with the closest one being <a href="/wiki/Eros_Airport" title="Eros Airport">Eros Airport</a>, located 7 km (4.3 mi) south of the city centre for smaller craft, and the other being <a href="/wiki/Hosea_Kutako_International_Airport" title="Hosea Kutako International Airport">Hosea Kutako International Airport</a>, 42 km (26 mi) east of the city. A number of foreign airlines operate to and from Windhoek. Air charters and helicopter and fixed-wing aircraft rentals are also available. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hosea_Kutako_International_Airport,_Namibia_(2017).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Hosea_Kutako_International_Airport%2C_Namibia_%282017%29.jpg/220px-Hosea_Kutako_International_Airport%2C_Namibia_%282017%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Hosea_Kutako_International_Airport%2C_Namibia_%282017%29.jpg/330px-Hosea_Kutako_International_Airport%2C_Namibia_%282017%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Hosea_Kutako_International_Airport%2C_Namibia_%282017%29.jpg/440px-Hosea_Kutako_International_Airport%2C_Namibia_%282017%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3976" data-file-height="2428" /></a><figcaption>Airport with <a href="/wiki/Air_traffic_control" title="Air traffic control">air traffic control</a> tower (2017)</figcaption></figure> <p>Hosea Kutako International Airport handles over 800,000 passengers a year. It has one runway without capacity limitations. The other international airport is located in <a href="/wiki/Walvis_Bay" title="Walvis Bay">Walvis Bay</a>, with domestic airports at <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCderitz" title="Lüderitz">Lüderitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oranjemund" title="Oranjemund">Oranjemund</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ondangwa" title="Ondangwa">Ondangwa</a>. </p><p>Eros Airport is the busiest airport in Namibia in terms of takeoffs and landings.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This city airport handles approximately 150 to 200 movements per day, amounting to roughly 50,000 per year. In 2004, the airport served 141,605 passengers, the majority of which are light aircraft. Primarily, limitations such as runway length, noise, and air space congestion have kept Eros from developing into a larger airport. Most of Namibia's charter operators have Eros as their base. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windhoek&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Estaci%C3%B3n_de_ferrocarril,_Windhoek,_Namibia,_2018-08-04,_DD_13.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Estaci%C3%B3n_de_ferrocarril%2C_Windhoek%2C_Namibia%2C_2018-08-04%2C_DD_13.jpg/220px-Estaci%C3%B3n_de_ferrocarril%2C_Windhoek%2C_Namibia%2C_2018-08-04%2C_DD_13.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Estaci%C3%B3n_de_ferrocarril%2C_Windhoek%2C_Namibia%2C_2018-08-04%2C_DD_13.jpg/330px-Estaci%C3%B3n_de_ferrocarril%2C_Windhoek%2C_Namibia%2C_2018-08-04%2C_DD_13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Estaci%C3%B3n_de_ferrocarril%2C_Windhoek%2C_Namibia%2C_2018-08-04%2C_DD_13.jpg/440px-Estaci%C3%B3n_de_ferrocarril%2C_Windhoek%2C_Namibia%2C_2018-08-04%2C_DD_13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8225" data-file-height="3488" /></a><figcaption>Windhoek Railway Station</figcaption></figure> <p>Windhoek is <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Namibia" title="Rail transport in Namibia">connected by rail</a> to: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Okahandja" title="Okahandja">Okahandja</a> (north)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehoboth,_Namibia" title="Rehoboth, Namibia">Rehoboth</a> (south)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gobabis" title="Gobabis">Gobabis</a> (east)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windhoek&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Windhoek_Luftaufnahme.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Windhoek_Luftaufnahme.jpg/220px-Windhoek_Luftaufnahme.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Windhoek_Luftaufnahme.jpg/330px-Windhoek_Luftaufnahme.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Windhoek_Luftaufnahme.jpg/440px-Windhoek_Luftaufnahme.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Auas_Mountains" title="Auas Mountains">Auas Mountains</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rainy_season_clouds_outskirt_of_Windhoek.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Rainy_season_clouds_outskirt_of_Windhoek.jpg/220px-Rainy_season_clouds_outskirt_of_Windhoek.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Rainy_season_clouds_outskirt_of_Windhoek.jpg/330px-Rainy_season_clouds_outskirt_of_Windhoek.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Rainy_season_clouds_outskirt_of_Windhoek.jpg/440px-Rainy_season_clouds_outskirt_of_Windhoek.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Rainy season</figcaption></figure> <p>Expanding the town area has – apart from financial restrictions – proven to be challenging due to its geographical location. In southern, eastern and western directions, Windhoek is surrounded by rocky, mountainous areas, which make land development costly. The southern side is not suitable for industrial development because of the presence of underground <a href="/wiki/Aquifers" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquifers">aquifers</a>. This leaves the vast <a href="/wiki/Brakwater" title="Brakwater">Brakwater</a> area north of town the only feasible place for Windhoek's expansion.<sup id="cite_ref-newera2_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newera2-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Windhoek's city council has plans to dramatically expand the city's boundaries such that the town area will cover 5,133.4 km<sup>2</sup> (1,982.0 sq mi). Windhoek would become the third-largest city in the world by area,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> after <a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, although its population density is only 63 inhabitants per square kilometre.<sup id="cite_ref-slaan_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-slaan-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suburbs">Suburbs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windhoek&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Suburbs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Windhoek is subdivided into the following suburbs and townships:<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Suburbs</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li>Academia</li> <li>Auasblick</li> <li>Avis</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimbebasia_(Windhoek_suburb)" title="Cimbebasia (Windhoek suburb)">Cimbebasia</a></li> <li>Dorado Park</li> <li>Eros</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goreangab" class="mw-redirect" title="Goreangab">Goreangab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groot_Aub" title="Groot Aub">Groot Aub</a><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brakwater" title="Brakwater">Brakwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakahana" title="Hakahana">Hakahana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hochland_Park" title="Hochland Park">Hochland Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katutura" title="Katutura">Katutura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khomasdal" title="Khomasdal">Khomasdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleine_Kuppe" title="Kleine Kuppe">Kleine Kuppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klein_Windhoek" title="Klein Windhoek">Klein Windhoek</a></li> <li>Lafrenz Industrial Area</li> <li>Ludwigsdorf</li> <li>Luxury Hill (Luxushügel)</li> <li>Northern Industrial Area</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okuryangava" title="Okuryangava">Okuryangava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympia_(Windhoek)" title="Olympia (Windhoek)">Olympia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otjomuise" title="Otjomuise">Otjomuise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneers_Park" title="Pioneers Park">Pioneers Park</a></li> <li>Prosperita</li> <li>Rocky Crest</li> <li>Southern Industrial Area</li> <li>Suiderhof</li> <li>Tauben Glen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanaheda" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanaheda">Wanaheda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windhoek_Central_Business_District" title="Windhoek Central Business District">Windhoek Central</a></li> <li>Windhoek North</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windhoek_West" title="Windhoek West">Windhoek West</a></li></ul> </div> <p><br /> <b>Townships</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li>Babilon</li> <li>Big Bend</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisenheim" title="Elisenheim">Elisenheim</a></li> <li>Eros Park</li> <li>Freedom Land</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwell_Matongo" title="Greenwell Matongo">Greenwell Matongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havana_(Windhoek_suburb)" title="Havana (Windhoek suburb)">Havana</a></li> <li>Havana North</li> <li>Kilimanjaro</li> <li>Maxuilili</li> <li>Ombili</li> <li>Oohambo Dha Nehale</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Pandeni_Constituency" title="John Pandeni Constituency">Soweto</a></li></ul> </div> <p>In many of Windhoek's townships residents live in <a href="/wiki/Shack" title="Shack">shacks</a>. In 2020 the city had a total of 41,900 of these informal housing structures, accommodating close to 100,000 inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cloudy_sky_in_the_capital_city_of_Namibia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="#1Lib1Ref #AfLibWk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Cloudy_sky_in_the_capital_city_of_Namibia.jpg/220px-Cloudy_sky_in_the_capital_city_of_Namibia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Cloudy_sky_in_the_capital_city_of_Namibia.jpg/330px-Cloudy_sky_in_the_capital_city_of_Namibia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Cloudy_sky_in_the_capital_city_of_Namibia.jpg/440px-Cloudy_sky_in_the_capital_city_of_Namibia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Overcast skies in Windhoek</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windhoek&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Windhoek has over 300 sunny days per year.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It experiences a hot <a href="/wiki/Semi-arid_climate" title="Semi-arid climate">semi-arid climate</a> (<i>BSh</i>) according to <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> as the annual average temperature is above 18 °C (64 °F). The temperature throughout the year would be called mild, due to altitude influence. The annual average high and low temperature range is 13.4 °C (24.1 °F). The coldest month is July, with an average temperature of 13.1 °C (55.6 °F), while the hottest month is December, with average temperature 23.5 °C (74.3 °F). Due to its location near the <a href="/wiki/Kalahari_Desert" title="Kalahari Desert">Kalahari Desert</a>, the city receives 3,605 hours of sunshine. Precipitation is abundant during the summer season, and minimal during the winter season. The average annual precipitation is 367.4 mm (14.46 in), with lows of 106.7 mm (4.20 in) in the 2018/19 rainy season, and 97 mm (3.8 in) in 1929/30.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Windhoek (1728 m), Namibia </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.0<br />(96.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.8<br />(96.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.9<br />(94.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.3<br />(88.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.8<br />(89.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1<br />(79.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7<br />(78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0<br />(86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.2<br />(91.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.1<br />(95.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.5<br />(97.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.6<br />(97.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2100; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">36.6<br />(97.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0<br />(86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.6<br />(83.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2<br />(81.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6<br />(78.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7<br />(72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2<br />(68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.5<br />(68.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.4<br />(74.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5<br />(79.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.1<br />(84.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.6<br />(85.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.7<br />(87.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">26.1<br />(79.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3<br />(73.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1<br />(71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0<br />(69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.2<br />(55.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1<br />(55.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3<br />(66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7<br />(71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5<br />(72.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5<br />(74.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2<br />(63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5<br />(61.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.4<br />(59.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7<br />(44.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3<br />(43.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6<br />(47.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9<br />(53.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6<br />(58.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9<br />(62.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.7<br />(54.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5<br />(45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8<br />(44.2) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7<br />(38.7) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4<br />(36.3) </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.6<br />(29.1) </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.8<br />(27.0) </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.6<br />(27.3) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.9<br />(25.0) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.1<br />(30.0) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6<br />(34.9) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4<br />(32.7) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3<br />(37.9) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−3.9<br />(25.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #8A8AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.1<br />(3.07) </td> <td style="background: #7B7BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.3<br />(3.16) </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.7<br />(3.10) </td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.7<br />(1.48) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6<br />(0.26) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2<br />(0.05) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7<br />(0.03) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9<br />(0.04) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8<br />(0.11) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8<br />(0.46) </td> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9<br />(1.06) </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.7<br />(1.64) </td> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">367.4<br />(14.46) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #7676FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1 </td> <td style="background: #6E6EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7 </td> <td style="background: #7D7DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5 </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5 </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.9 </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7 </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9 </td> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8 </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3 </td> <td style="background: #A2A2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5 </td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">57.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42 </td> <td style="background: #2828FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">56 </td> <td style="background: #3B3BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">51 </td> <td style="background: #5656FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44 </td> <td style="background: #7171FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37 </td> <td style="background: #8484FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32 </td> <td style="background: #9797FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27 </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19 </td> <td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17 </td> <td style="background: #AAAAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30 </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34 </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">34 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #EBEB04; color:#000000;" class="notheme">288 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">254 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA01; color:#000000;" class="notheme">282 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA01; color:#000000;" class="notheme">273 </td> <td style="background: #F0F011; color:#000000;" class="notheme">310 </td> <td style="background: #F2F216; color:#000000;" class="notheme">309 </td> <td style="background: #F4F419; color:#000000;" class="notheme">326 </td> <td style="background: #F7F722; color:#000000;" class="notheme">341 </td> <td style="background: #F5F51C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">321 </td> <td style="background: #F2F215; color:#000000;" class="notheme">319 </td> <td style="background: #F0F00F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">297 </td> <td style="background: #EBEB03; color:#000000;" class="notheme">285 </td> <td style="background: #EFEF0E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3,605 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Wetterdienst" title="Deutscher Wetterdienst">Deutscher Wetterdienst</a><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/Danish_Meteorological_Institute" title="Danish Meteorological Institute">Danish Meteorological Institute</a> (sun only)<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demographics">Demographics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windhoek&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1971, there were roughly 26,000 whites living in Windhoek, outnumbering the black population of 24,000. About one third of white residents at the time, at least 9,000 individuals, were German speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Windhoek's population currently<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Windhoek&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> stands at over 325,858 (65% black; 18% other; 17% white), and is growing 4% annually in part due to <a href="/wiki/Informal_settlement" class="mw-redirect" title="Informal settlement">informal settlements</a> that have even higher growth rates of nearly 10% a year.<sup id="cite_ref-newera2_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newera2-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In public life, <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a>, and to a lesser extent <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, are still used as lingua francas even though the government only uses English. Currently Windhoek has a population of 431,000 as of 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">96,057</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">147,056</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.35%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">233,529</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.73%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">325,858</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.39%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2016</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">395,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+3.92%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2023</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">486,169</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.01%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">source:<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windhoek&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_authority_elections">Local authority elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windhoek&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Local authority elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Windhoek is the only self-governed settlement in Khomas Region. It is governed by a multi-party municipal council that has fifteen seats.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The council meets monthly; its decisions are taken collectively. </p><p><a href="/wiki/SWAPO" title="SWAPO">SWAPO</a> won the <a href="/wiki/Namibian_local_and_regional_elections,_2015" class="mw-redirect" title="Namibian local and regional elections, 2015">2015 local authority election</a> and gained twelve seats, by having 37,533 votes. Three opposition parties gained one seat each: The <a href="/wiki/Popular_Democratic_Movement" title="Popular Democratic Movement">Popular Democratic Movement</a> (PDM), formerly DTA, with 4,171 votes, the <a href="/wiki/National_Unity_Democratic_Organisation" title="National Unity Democratic Organisation">National Unity Democratic Organisation</a> (NUDO) with 1,453 votes, and the <a href="/wiki/Rally_for_Democracy_and_Progress_(Namibia)" title="Rally for Democracy and Progress (Namibia)">Rally for Democracy and Progress</a> (RDP) with 1,422 votes.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SWAPO also won the <a href="/wiki/2020_Namibian_local_and_regional_elections" title="2020 Namibian local and regional elections">2020 local authority election</a> but lost the majority control over the town council. It obtained 20,250 votes and gained five seats. The <a href="/wiki/Independent_Patriots_for_Change" title="Independent Patriots for Change">Independent Patriots for Change</a> (IPC), an opposition party formed in August 2020, obtained 14,028 votes and gained four seats. Two seats each went to the local branch of the <a href="/wiki/Affirmative_Repositioning" title="Affirmative Repositioning">Affirmative Repositioning</a> movement (8,501 votes) and the <a href="/wiki/Landless_People%27s_Movement_(Namibia)" title="Landless People's Movement (Namibia)">Landless People's Movement</a> (LPM, a new party registered in 2018, 7,365 votes). PDM (5,411 votes) and NUDO (1,455 votes) obtained one seat each.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_towns_and_sister_cities">Twin towns and sister cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windhoek&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Twin towns and sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Africa#Namibia" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Africa">List of twin towns and sister cities in Namibia</a></div> <p>Windhoek is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, Germany</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba"><img alt="Cuba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a>, Cuba</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>, South Africa</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica"><img alt="Jamaica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Jamaica" title="Kingston, Jamaica">Kingston</a>, Jamaica</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a>, China</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond</a>, United States</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a>, United States</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, China</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a>, China</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Trossingen" title="Trossingen">Trossingen</a>, Germany</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia"><img alt="Ethiopia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a>, Ethiopia<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windhoek&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Museo_de_la_Independencia,_Windhoek,_Namibia,_2018-08-04,_DD_08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e8/Museo_de_la_Independencia%2C_Windhoek%2C_Namibia%2C_2018-08-04%2C_DD_08.jpg/220px-Museo_de_la_Independencia%2C_Windhoek%2C_Namibia%2C_2018-08-04%2C_DD_08.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e8/Museo_de_la_Independencia%2C_Windhoek%2C_Namibia%2C_2018-08-04%2C_DD_08.jpg/330px-Museo_de_la_Independencia%2C_Windhoek%2C_Namibia%2C_2018-08-04%2C_DD_08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e8/Museo_de_la_Independencia%2C_Windhoek%2C_Namibia%2C_2018-08-04%2C_DD_08.jpg/440px-Museo_de_la_Independencia%2C_Windhoek%2C_Namibia%2C_2018-08-04%2C_DD_08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4782" data-file-height="6401" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Independence_Memorial_Museum_(Namibia)" title="Independence Memorial Museum (Namibia)">Independence Memorial Museum</a> (2018)</figcaption></figure> <p>Windhoek is known as the art capital of Namibia. The <a href="/wiki/National_Art_Gallery_of_Namibia" title="National Art Gallery of Namibia">National Art Gallery</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Theatre_of_Namibia" title="National Theatre of Namibia">National Theatre</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Namibia" title="National Museum of Namibia">National Museum</a> are all located here. Two locations are part of the National Museum,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Alte_Feste" title="Alte Feste">Alte Feste</a> (historical) showcases a range of colonial items such as wagons and domestic items, while the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Owela_Museum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Owela Museum (page does not exist)">Owela Museum</a> (scientific; named after <a href="/wiki/Owela" title="Owela">Owela</a>, a traditional game played with pebbles) contains displays of minerals, fossils and meteorites and gives an insight into traditional village life. There are also the <a href="/wiki/Independence_Memorial_Museum_(Namibia)" title="Independence Memorial Museum (Namibia)">Independence Memorial Museum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Namibia" title="National Library of Namibia">National Library of Namibia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Windhoek_Public_Library" title="Windhoek Public Library">Windhoek Public Library</a>, built in 1925, next to the Alte Feste.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Places_of_worship">Places of worship</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windhoek&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Places of worship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kirche_Windhuk.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Kirche_Windhuk.JPG/170px-Kirche_Windhuk.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Kirche_Windhuk.JPG/255px-Kirche_Windhuk.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Kirche_Windhuk.JPG/340px-Kirche_Windhuk.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Windhoek" title="Christ Church, Windhoek">Christ Church, Windhoek</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Places_of_worship" class="mw-redirect" title="Places of worship">places of worship</a> are predominantly <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> churches and temples: those of <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Namibia" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia">Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_the_Republic_of_Namibia" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Republic of Namibia">Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Republic of Namibia</a>, <a href="/wiki/German-speaking_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Namibia" title="German-speaking Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia">German-speaking Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia</a> (all three members of the <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_World_Federation" title="Lutheran World Federation">Lutheran World Federation</a>), <a href="/wiki/Baptist_Convention_of_Namibia" title="Baptist Convention of Namibia">Baptist Convention of Namibia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Baptist_World_Alliance" title="Baptist World Alliance">Baptist World Alliance</a>), <a href="/wiki/Assemblies_of_God" title="Assemblies of God">Assemblies of God</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Windhoek" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Windhoek">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Windhoek</a> (<a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also a few <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> mosques in the city, including the <a href="/wiki/Windhoek_Islamic_Center" title="Windhoek Islamic Center">Windhoek Islamic Center</a>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Church_Windhoek-South" title="Reformed Church Windhoek-South">Reformed Church Windhoek-South</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windhoek&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parlamentsg%C3%A4rten,_Windhoek.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Parlamentsg%C3%A4rten%2C_Windhoek.jpg/220px-Parlamentsg%C3%A4rten%2C_Windhoek.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Parlamentsg%C3%A4rten%2C_Windhoek.jpg/330px-Parlamentsg%C3%A4rten%2C_Windhoek.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Parlamentsg%C3%A4rten%2C_Windhoek.jpg/440px-Parlamentsg%C3%A4rten%2C_Windhoek.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1585" data-file-height="1008" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Parliament_Gardens" title="Parliament Gardens">Parliament Gardens</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parlament_Windhuk.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Parlament_Windhuk.JPG/220px-Parlament_Windhuk.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Parlament_Windhuk.JPG/330px-Parlament_Windhuk.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Parlament_Windhuk.JPG/440px-Parlament_Windhuk.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Tintenpalast in Windhoek</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alte_Feste" title="Alte Feste">Alte Feste</a> – (<i>Old Fortress</i>) Built in 1890, today houses the National Museum.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curt_von_Fran%C3%A7ois" title="Curt von François">Curt von François</a> monument in front of the municipality building. Inaugurated on 18 October 1965 on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the second foundation of the town by von François. The statue was removed from its location, in front of the municipal grounds, on the 23 November 2022 and will be stored in the local Windhoek City Museum.<sup id="cite_ref-Stadtrecht_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stadtrecht-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroes%27_Acre_(Namibia)" title="Heroes' Acre (Namibia)">Heroes' Acre</a> – A national war and heroes memorial, about 10 km outside of the city.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Memorial_Museum_(Namibia)" title="Independence Memorial Museum (Namibia)">Independence Memorial Museum (Namibia)</a> – A historical museum focusing on the anti-colonial resistance and the national liberation movement of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Namibia" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Namibia">Republic of Namibia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Namibia)" title="National Council (Namibia)">National Council (Namibia)</a> – The upper chamber of Namibia's bicameral Parliament.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reiterdenkmal,_Windhoek" title="Reiterdenkmal, Windhoek">Reiterdenkmal</a> (<i>Equestrian Monument</i>), a statue celebrating the victory of the German Empire over the Herero and Nama in the <a href="/wiki/Herero_and_Namaqua_Genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Herero and Namaqua Genocide">Herero and Namaqua War</a> of 1904–1907<sup id="cite_ref-centenary_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-centenary-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The statue was removed from its historical place next to <i>Christuskirche</i> in December 2013 and is now on display in the yard of the <i>Alte Feste</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-val_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-val-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_House,_Windhoek" title="State House, Windhoek">State House, Windhoek</a> – The official residence of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Namibia" title="President of Namibia">President of Namibia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Namibia" title="Supreme Court of Namibia">Supreme Court of Namibia</a> – situated in Michael Scott Street on Eliakim Namundjebo Plaza. Built between 1994 and 1996<sup id="cite_ref-WCE_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WCE-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is Windhoek's only building erected after independence in an African style of architecture.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The three castles of Windhoek built by architect <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Sander" title="Wilhelm Sander">Wilhelm Sander</a>: <a href="/wiki/Heinitzburg" title="Heinitzburg">Heinitzburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanderburg" title="Sanderburg">Sanderburg</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Schwerinsburg" title="Schwerinsburg">Schwerinsburg</a><sup id="cite_ref-KDBioS_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KDBioS-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tintenpalast" class="mw-redirect" title="Tintenpalast">Tintenpalast</a> – (<i>Ink Palace</i>) within Parliament Gardens, the seat of both chambers of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Namibia" title="Parliament of Namibia">Parliament of Namibia</a>. Built between 1912 and 1913 and situated just north of <i>Robert Mugabe Avenue</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turnhalle_(Windhoek)" title="Turnhalle (Windhoek)">Turnhalle</a> – neo-classicist building of Wilhelmine architecture, inaugurated in 1909.<sup id="cite_ref-100years_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100years-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windhoek_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Windhoek Railway Station">Windhoek Railway Station</a> – A historical railway station serving the city of Windhoek.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoo_Park" title="Zoo Park">Zoo Park</a> – a public park on <a href="/wiki/Independence_Avenue_(Windhoek)" title="Independence Avenue (Windhoek)">Independence Avenue</a> in downtown Windhoek. The current park is landscaped and features a pond, playground and open-air theatre.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windhoek&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">Rugby union</a> is a popular sport in Namibia. The <a href="/wiki/Namibia_national_rugby_union_team" title="Namibia national rugby union team">men's national team</a> has qualified for the <a href="/wiki/Rugby_World_Cup" title="Rugby World Cup">Rugby World Cup</a> on seven consecutive occasions, in <a href="/wiki/1999_Rugby_World_Cup" title="1999 Rugby World Cup">1999</a>, <a href="/wiki/2003_Rugby_World_Cup" title="2003 Rugby World Cup">2003</a>, <a href="/wiki/2007_Rugby_World_Cup" title="2007 Rugby World Cup">2007</a>, <a href="/wiki/2011_Rugby_World_Cup" title="2011 Rugby World Cup">2011</a>, <a href="/wiki/2015_Rugby_World_Cup" title="2015 Rugby World Cup">2015</a>, <a href="/wiki/2019_Rugby_World_Cup" title="2019 Rugby World Cup">2019</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2023_Rugby_World_Cup" title="2023 Rugby World Cup">2023</a>, but is yet to win a game at the tournament. The <a href="/wiki/Welwitschias" title="Welwitschias">Welwitschias</a>, who share their name with the national team, has competed in South Africa's domestic <a href="/wiki/Rugby_Challenge_(South_Africa)" title="Rugby Challenge (South Africa)">Rugby Challenge</a> competition since 2021, and previously competed in the <a href="/wiki/Currie_Cup" title="Currie Cup">Currie Cup</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vodacom_Cup" title="Vodacom Cup">Vodacom Cup</a>. </p><p>The city has several football clubs which include <a href="/wiki/African_Stars_F.C." title="African Stars F.C.">African Stars F.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_Africa_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Black Africa F.C.">Black Africa F.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/F.C._Civics_Windhoek" title="F.C. Civics Windhoek">F.C. Civics Windhoek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orlando_Pirates_Windhoek" class="mw-redirect" title="Orlando Pirates Windhoek">Orlando Pirates F.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ramblers_F.C." title="Ramblers F.C.">Ramblers F.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/SK_Windhoek" title="SK Windhoek">SK Windhoek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tigers_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Tigers F.C.">Tigers F.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tura_Magic_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Tura Magic F.C.">Tura Magic F.C.</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Citizens_F.C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Citizens F.C (page does not exist)">Citizens F.C</a>. </p><p>Many boxers such as <a href="/wiki/Paulus_Moses" title="Paulus Moses">Paulus Moses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paulus_Ambunda" title="Paulus Ambunda">Paulus Ambunda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abmerk_Shindjuu" title="Abmerk Shindjuu">Abmerk Shindjuu</a> are from the city. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Namibia_national_cricket_team" title="Namibia national cricket team">Namibia national cricket team</a>, the Eagles, plays the majority of its home games at the <a href="/wiki/Wanderers_Cricket_Ground,_Windhoek" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanderers Cricket Ground, Windhoek">Wanderers Cricket Ground</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has also played at other grounds in the city, including the <a href="/wiki/United_Ground,_Windhoek" class="mw-redirect" title="United Ground, Windhoek">United Ground</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Trans_Namib_Ground" title="Trans Namib Ground">Trans Namib Ground</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The team took part in the <a href="/wiki/2003_Cricket_World_Cup" title="2003 Cricket World Cup">2003 Cricket World Cup</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, though they lost all their games. They have played in each edition of the <a href="/wiki/ICC_Intercontinental_Cup" title="ICC Intercontinental Cup">ICC Intercontinental Cup</a>. </p><p>Men's <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">baseball</a> was introduced to Namibia in 1950 at the Ramblers sports club in town. </p><p>The 'Tony Rust Raceway' is located west of Windhoek on the Daan Viljoen road and reopened in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Farm_Windhoek" title="Farm Windhoek">Farm Windhoek</a>, located adjacent to the townlands and owned by the municipality, is a sports venue for hiking, running, and mountain biking. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windhoek&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Unamt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Unamt.jpg/220px-Unamt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Unamt.jpg/330px-Unamt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Unamt.jpg/440px-Unamt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="362" /></a><figcaption>The main campus of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Namibia" title="University of Namibia">University of Namibia</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tertiary_institutions">Tertiary institutions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windhoek&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Tertiary institutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The general institutions of higher education in Windhoek are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Namibia" title="University of Namibia">University of Namibia</a> (UNAM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Namibia University of Science and Technology">Namibia University of Science and Technology</a> (NUST), until 2015 the <i>Polytechnic of Namibia</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_University_of_Management" title="International University of Management">International University of Management</a> (IUM)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_institutions">Other institutions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windhoek&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Other institutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Other recognisable institutions of higher learning: </p> <ul><li>Institute of Information Technology (IIT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_the_Arts,_Windhoek" title="College of the Arts, Windhoek">College of the Arts</a> (COTA)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secondary_schools">Secondary schools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windhoek&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Secondary schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Windhoek has<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Windhoek&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> 29 secondary schools and 58 primary schools.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the notable schools are: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A._Shipena_Secondary_School" title="A. Shipena Secondary School">A. Shipena Secondary School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academia_Secondary_School" title="Academia Secondary School">Academia Secondary School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustineum_Secondary_School" title="Augustineum Secondary School">Augustineum Secondary School</a></li> <li>Centaurus High School</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concordia_College_(Namibia)" title="Concordia College (Namibia)">Concordia College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmos_High_School" title="Cosmos High School">Cosmos High School</a></li> <li>Chairman Mao Zedong High School</li> <li>Dagbreek School for the Intellectually Impaired<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Bezuidenhout_Secondary_School" class="mw-redirect" title="David Bezuidenhout Secondary School">David Bezuidenhout Secondary School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Secondary_School_Windhoek" title="Delta Secondary School Windhoek">Delta Secondary School Windhoek</a> (DSSW)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_H%C3%B6here_Privatschule" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsche Höhere Privatschule">Deutsche Höhere Privatschule</a> (DHPS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_du_Plessis_High_School" title="Ella du Plessis High School">Ella du Plessis High School</a></li> <li>Eros School for Girls<sup id="cite_ref-Mitrofanov_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mitrofanov-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hage_G._Geingob_High_School" title="Hage G. Geingob High School">Hage Geingob High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Cross_Convent_School,_Windhoek" title="Holy Cross Convent School, Windhoek">Holy Cross Convent School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Shifidi_Secondary_School" title="Immanuel Shifidi Secondary School">Immanuel Shifidi Secondary School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Marengo_Secondary_School" title="Jakob Marengo Secondary School">Jakob Marengo Secondary School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Jonker_Afrikaner_High_School" title="Jan Jonker Afrikaner High School">Jan Jonker Afrikaner High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_M%C3%B6hr_Secondary_School" title="Jan Möhr Secondary School">Jan Möhr Secondary School</a></li> <li>Saint George's Diocesan College<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pionier_Boys%27_School" title="Pionier Boys' School">Pionier Boys' School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Paul%27s_College,_Namibia" title="St. Paul's College, Namibia">Saint Paul's College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windhoek_Afrikaanse_Privaatskool" title="Windhoek Afrikaanse Privaatskool">Windhoek Afrikaanse Privaatskool</a> (WAP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windhoek_Gymnasium_Private_School" title="Windhoek Gymnasium Private School">Windhoek Gymnasium Private School</a> (WHK Gym)<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windhoek_High_School" title="Windhoek High School">Windhoek High School</a> (WHS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windhoek_International_School" title="Windhoek International School">Windhoek International School</a> (WIS)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windhoek&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Fredericks" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Fredericks">Frank Fredericks</a> (born 1967), athlete</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gisvi" title="Gisvi">Gisvi</a> (born 1982) Portuguese former footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Katjijeko" title="Max Katjijeko">Max Katjijeko</a> (born 1995) rugby union player for the <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Heat" title="Tel Aviv Heat">Tel Aviv Heat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_McLean" title="Michelle McLean">Michelle McLean</a> (born 1973), Miss Universe 1992</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quido" title="Quido">Quido</a> (Le-Roy Quido Mohamed) (born 1989), rapper</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Shalulile" title="Peter Shalulile">Peter Shalulile</a> (born 1993), footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collin_Benjamin" title="Collin Benjamin">Collin Benjamin</a> (born 1978), retired footballer</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windhoek&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Windhoek" title="List of mayors of Windhoek">List of mayors of Windhoek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cemeteries_in_Windhoek" title="List of cemeteries in Windhoek">List of cemeteries in Windhoek</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windhoek&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+History+of+%C7%81Khauxa%C7%83nas.+Introduction.&rft.aulast=Dierks&rft.aufirst=Klaus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.klausdierks.com%2Fimages%2FKhauxanas%2F1introduction.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindhoek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cape-slavery-heritage.iblog.co.za/category/new-creole-identities/page/4/">"The Orlams Afrikaners – the Creole Africans of the Garieb"</a>. Cape Slavery Heritage<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Orlams+Afrikaners+%E2%80%93+the+Creole+Africans+of+the+Garieb&rft.pub=Cape+Slavery+Heritage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcape-slavery-heritage.iblog.co.za%2Fcategory%2Fnew-creole-identities%2Fpage%2F4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindhoek" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTonchiLindekeGrotpeter2012" class="citation book cs1">Tonchi, Victor L; Lindeke, William A; Grotpeter, John J (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Mls4H1mnN_0C"><i>Historical Dictionary of Namibia</i></a>. Historical Dictionaries of Africa, African historical dictionaries (2 ed.). Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810879904" title="Special:BookSources/9780810879904"><bdi>9780810879904</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210421060538/https://books.google.com/books?id=Mls4H1mnN_0C">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Namibia&rft.series=Historical+Dictionaries+of+Africa%2C+African+historical+dictionaries&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780810879904&rft.aulast=Tonchi&rft.aufirst=Victor+L&rft.au=Lindeke%2C+William+A&rft.au=Grotpeter%2C+John+J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMls4H1mnN_0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindhoek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVedder1997" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Vedder" title="Heinrich Vedder">Vedder, Heinrich</a> (1997). <i>Das alte Südwestafrika. Südwestafrikas Geschichte bis zum Tode Mahareros 1890</i> [<i>The Old South West Africa. South West Africa's History until Maharero's death 1890</i>] (in German) (7th ed.). Windhoek: Namibia Scientific Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-949995-33-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-949995-33-9"><bdi>0-949995-33-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Das+alte+S%C3%BCdwestafrika.+S%C3%BCdwestafrikas+Geschichte+bis+zum+Tode+Mahareros+1890&rft.place=Windhoek&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=Namibia+Scientific+Society&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-949995-33-9&rft.aulast=Vedder&rft.aufirst=Heinrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindhoek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DierkbioA-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DierkbioA_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDierks" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Dierks" title="Klaus Dierks">Dierks, Klaus</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.klausdierks.com/Biographies/Biographies_A.htm">"Biographies of Namibian Personalities, A (entry for Jonker Afrikaner)"</a>. klausdiers.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190804032931/http://www.klausdierks.com/Biographies/Biographies_A.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biographies+of+Namibian+Personalities%2C+A+%28entry+for+Jonker+Afrikaner%29&rft.pub=klausdiers.com&rft.aulast=Dierks&rft.aufirst=Klaus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.klausdierks.com%2FBiographies%2FBiographies_A.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindhoek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-windhoekcc-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-windhoekcc_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-windhoekcc_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100221153905/http://www.windhoekcc.org.na/default.aspx?page=30">"Windhoek City Council: The History of Windhoek"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.windhoekcc.org.na/default.aspx?page=30">the original</a> on 21 February 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Windhoek+City+Council%3A+The+History+of+Windhoek&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.windhoekcc.org.na%2Fdefault.aspx%3Fpage%3D30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindhoek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, <i>Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture</i>, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 338</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMbatheraPinehas2021" class="citation news cs1">Mbathera, Ester; Pinehas, Tutaleni (17 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.namibian.com.na/107420/read/Verona-the-last-grandchild-of-Von-Fran%C3%A7ois">"Verona, the last grandchild of Von François"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Namibian" title="The Namibian">The Namibian</a></i>. p. 6. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211117143749/https://www.namibian.com.na/107420/read/Verona-the-last-grandchild-of-Von-Fran%C3%A7ois">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Namibian&rft.atitle=Verona%2C+the+last+grandchild+of+Von+Fran%C3%A7ois&rft.pages=6&rft.date=2021-11-17&rft.aulast=Mbathera&rft.aufirst=Ester&rft.au=Pinehas%2C+Tutaleni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.namibian.com.na%2F107420%2Fread%2FVerona-the-last-grandchild-of-Von-Fran%25C3%25A7ois&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindhoek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DierkbioV-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DierkbioV_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDierks" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Dierks" title="Klaus Dierks">Dierks, Klaus</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.klausdierks.com/Biographies/Biographies_V.htm">"Biographies of Namibian Personalities, V (entry for Curt von François)"</a>. klausdiers.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190224104612/http://klausdierks.com/Biographies/Biographies_V.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biographies+of+Namibian+Personalities%2C+V+%28entry+for+Curt+von+Fran%C3%A7ois%29&rft.pub=klausdiers.com&rft.aulast=Dierks&rft.aufirst=Klaus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.klausdierks.com%2FBiographies%2FBiographies_V.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindhoek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-curtfarewell-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-curtfarewell_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChothia2022" class="citation web cs1">Chothia, Farouk (23 November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-63728105">"Namibia pulls down German colonial officer's statue in Windhoek"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221123142819/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-63728105">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Namibia+pulls+down+German+colonial+officer%27s+statue+in+Windhoek&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2022-11-23&rft.aulast=Chothia&rft.aufirst=Farouk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-63728105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindhoek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Britannica, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Windhoek">Windhoek</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190321190021/https://www.britannica.com/place/Windhoek">Archived</a> 21 March 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CoWnew-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CoWnew_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.windhoekcc.org.na/tour_history_heritage.php">"The History of Windhoek"</a>. City of Windhoek. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201029074218/http://www.windhoekcc.org.na/tour_history_heritage.php">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Windhoek&rft.pub=City+of+Windhoek&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.windhoekcc.org.na%2Ftour_history_heritage.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindhoek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-geography-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-geography_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ieuan Griffiths,<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/40572467.pdf">Walvis Bay: exclave no more</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303123113/https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/40572467.pdf">Archived</a> 3 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Geography</i>, Vol. 79, No. 4 (October 1994), page 354</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ag.arizona.edu/oals/ALN/aln56/dupisani.html">"Surviving in an arid land: Direct reclamation of potable water at Windhoek's Goreangab Reclamation Plant"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110606065428/http://ag.arizona.edu/oals/ALN/aln56/dupisani.html">Archived</a> 6 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by Petrus Du Pisani</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerry2014" class="citation web cs1">Berry, Bruce (12 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/na-wind.html">"Windhoek (Namibia)"</a>. <i>www.crwflags.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141207053954/http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/na-wind.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.crwflags.com&rft.atitle=Windhoek+%28Namibia%29&rft.date=2014-02-12&rft.aulast=Berry&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crwflags.com%2Ffotw%2Fflags%2Fna-wind.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindhoek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stadtrecht-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stadtrecht_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stadtrecht_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">"Windhoek erhielt heute Stadtrechte" [Windhoek received town privileges today]. <i><a href="/wiki/Allgemeine_Zeitung_(Namibia)" title="Allgemeine Zeitung (Namibia)">Allgemeine Zeitung</a></i> (in German) (2015 reprint ed.). 18 October 1965.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Allgemeine+Zeitung&rft.atitle=Windhoek+erhielt+heute+Stadtrechte&rft.date=1965-10-18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindhoek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-general-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-general_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogers1972" class="citation journal cs1">Rogers, Barbara (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4185227">"Namibia's General Strike"</a>. <i>Africa Today</i>. <b>19</b> (2): 3–8. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0001-9887">0001-9887</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4185227">4185227</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Africa+Today&rft.atitle=Namibia%27s+General+Strike&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=3-8&rft.date=1972&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4185227%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0001-9887&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4185227&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindhoek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.polytechnic.edu.na/academics/schools/engine_infotech/civil/lecturing/upd410s_module/(11.4)Windhoek%20Structure%20Plan%20Report.pdf">"The Windhoek Structure Plan"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. City of Windhoek. 1996. p. 6<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Windhoek+Structure+Plan&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=City+of+Windhoek&rft.date=1996&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.polytechnic.edu.na%2Facademics%2Fschools%2Fengine_infotech%2Fcivil%2Flecturing%2Fupd410s_module%2F%2811.4%29Windhoek%2520Structure%2520Plan%2520Report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindhoek" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The second biggest city in Namibia, <a href="/wiki/Walvis_Bay" title="Walvis Bay">Walvis Bay</a>, has 43,700 inhabitants: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?articleid=14109">"ELECTIONS 2010: Erongo regional profile"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Era_(Namibia)" title="New Era (Namibia)">New Era</a>. 16 November 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120316095900/http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?articleid=14109">Archived</a> from the original on 16 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=ELECTIONS+2010%3A+Erongo+regional+profile&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newera.com.na%2Farticle.php%3Farticleid%3D14109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindhoek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-profile-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-profile_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKapitako2010" class="citation news cs1">Kapitako, Alvine (12 November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121205005928/http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?articleid=14052">"ELECTIONS 2010: Khomas Region profile"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_Era_(Namibia)" title="New Era (Namibia)">New Era</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?articleid=14052">the original</a> on 5 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Era&rft.atitle=ELECTIONS+2010%3A+Khomas+Region+profile&rft.date=2010-11-12&rft.aulast=Kapitako&rft.aufirst=Alvine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newera.com.na%2Farticle.php%3Farticleid%3D14052&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindhoek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-newera1-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-newera1_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeita2010" class="citation news cs1">Heita, Desie (11 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716055306/http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?articleid=9515">"Owning a house ... a dream deferred"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_Era_(Namibia)" title="New Era (Namibia)">New Era</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?articleid=9515">the original</a> on 16 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Era&rft.atitle=Owning+a+house+...+a+dream+deferred&rft.date=2010-02-11&rft.aulast=Heita&rft.aufirst=Desie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newera.com.na%2Farticle.php%3Farticleid%3D9515&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindhoek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNakashole2017" class="citation news cs1">Nakashole, Ndama (24 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.namibian.com.na/53749/read/Namibians-3rd-wealthiest-people-in-Africa">"Namibians 3rd wealthiest people in Africa"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Namibian" title="The Namibian">The Namibian</a></i>. p. 13. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170618005115/http://www.namibian.com.na/53749/read/Namibians-3rd-wealthiest-people-in-Africa">Archived</a> from the original on 18 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Namibian&rft.atitle=Namibians+3rd+wealthiest+people+in+Africa&rft.pages=13&rft.date=2017-04-24&rft.aulast=Nakashole&rft.aufirst=Ndama&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.namibian.com.na%2F53749%2Fread%2FNamibians-3rd-wealthiest-people-in-Africa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindhoek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVatileni2022" class="citation news cs1">Vatileni, Eino (15 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.namibian.com.na/743-convicts-in-jail-for-rape/">"743 convicts in jail for rape"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Namibian" title="The Namibian">The Namibian</a></i>. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Namibian&rft.atitle=743+convicts+in+jail+for+rape&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2022-02-15&rft.aulast=Vatileni&rft.aufirst=Eino&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.namibian.com.na%2F743-convicts-in-jail-for-rape%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindhoek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShipanga2013" class="citation news cs1">Shipanga, Selma (3 April 2013). "A glimpse into the taxi industry". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Namibian" title="The Namibian">The Namibian</a></i>. pp. 6–7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Namibian&rft.atitle=A+glimpse+into+the+taxi+industry&rft.pages=6-7&rft.date=2013-04-03&rft.aulast=Shipanga&rft.aufirst=Selma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindhoek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120904002500/http://www.airports.com.na/eros.php">"Namibia Airports Company"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airports.com.na/eros.php">the original</a> on 4 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Namibia+Airports+Company&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.airports.com.na%2Feros.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindhoek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-newera2-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-newera2_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-newera2_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?articleid=9494">"Windhoek's battle for land"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121209032607/http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?articleid=9494">Archived</a> 9 December 2012 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a>, by Desie Heita; <i>New Era,</i> 10 Feb 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-slaan-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-slaan_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRetief2013" class="citation news cs1">Retief, Christo (2 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.republikein.com.na/regering/windhoek-slaan-afrika-rekord.207163">"Windhoek slaan Afrika-rekord"</a> [Windhoek beats Africa record]. <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Republikein" class="mw-redirect" title="Die Republikein">Die Republikein</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160324055814/http://www.republikein.com.na/regering/windhoek-slaan-afrika-rekord.207163">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Windhoek+Structure+Plan&rft.pages=11-12&rft.pub=City+of+Windhoek&rft.date=1996&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.polytechnic.edu.na%2Facademics%2Fschools%2Fengine_infotech%2Fcivil%2Flecturing%2Fupd410s_module%2F%2811.4%29Windhoek%2520Structure%2520Plan%2520Report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindhoek" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNgatjiheue2017" class="citation news cs1">Ngatjiheue, Charmaine (11 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.namibian.com.na/59009/read/Groot-Aub-incorporated-into-Windhoek">"Groot Aub incorporated into Windhoek"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Namibian" title="The Namibian">The Namibian</a></i>. p. 5. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170912194314/https://www.namibian.com.na/59009/read/Groot-Aub-incorporated-into-Windhoek">Archived</a> from the original on 12 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.schoolnamibie.nl/dagbreek-school-info.html">the original</a> on 26 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dagbreek+school+Windhoek+Namibia-school+for+learners+who+are+intellectually+impaired&rft.aulast=Du+Plessies&rft.aufirst=P.S&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.schoolnamibie.nl%2Fdagbreek-school-info.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindhoek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mitrofanov-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mitrofanov_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSergei_Mitrofanov" class="citation web cs1">Sergei Mitrofanov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.namibweb.com/schools.htm">"Eros School for Girls"</a>. namibweb.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091013081536/http://www.namibweb.com/schools.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eros+School+for+Girls&rft.pub=namibweb.com&rft.au=Sergei+Mitrofanov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.namibweb.com%2Fschools.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindhoek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stgeorgesnamibia.com">"Saint George's Diocesan College"</a>. stgeorgesnamibia.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151020001719/http://stgeorgesnamibia.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saint+George%27s+Diocesan+College&rft.pub=stgeorgesnamibia.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stgeorgesnamibia.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindhoek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNakale2014" class="citation news cs1">Nakale, Albertina (20 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newera.com.na/2014/05/14/private-school-draws-praise-namwandi/">"Private school draws praise from Namwandi"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_Era_(Namibia)" title="New Era (Namibia)">New Era</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140520220609/http://www.newera.com.na/2014/05/14/private-school-draws-praise-namwandi/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Era&rft.atitle=Private+school+draws+praise+from+Namwandi&rft.date=2014-05-20&rft.aulast=Nakale&rft.aufirst=Albertina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newera.com.na%2F2014%2F05%2F14%2Fprivate-school-draws-praise-namwandi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindhoek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windhoek&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Windhoek#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Windhoek">Bibliography of the history of Windhoek</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windhoek&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Windhoek</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Windhoek" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Windhoek">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Windhoek" class="extiw" title="c:Windhoek">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Windhoek" class="extiw" title="voy:Windhoek">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3935" class="extiw" 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autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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divisions of Windhoek"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_divisions_of_Windhoek" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Administrative divisions of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Windhoek</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academia_(Windhoek)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academia (Windhoek) (page does not exist)">Academia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auasblick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Auasblick (page does not exist)">Auasblick</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avis_(Windhoek)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avis (Windhoek) (page does not exist)">Avis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windhoek_Central_Business_District" title="Windhoek Central Business District">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cimbebasia_(Windhoek)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cimbebasia (Windhoek) (page does not exist)">Cimbebasia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorado_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dorado Park (page does not exist)">Dorado Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisenheim" title="Elisenheim">Elisenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eros_(Windhoek)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eros (Windhoek) (page does not exist)">Eros</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eros_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eros Park (page does not exist)">Eros Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goreangab" class="mw-redirect" title="Goreangab">Goreangab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwell_Matongo" title="Greenwell Matongo">Greenwell Matongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakahana" title="Hakahana">Hakahana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havana_(Windhoek_suburb)" title="Havana (Windhoek suburb)">Havana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hochland_Park" title="Hochland Park">Hochland Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katutura" title="Katutura">Katutura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khomasdal" title="Khomasdal">Khomasdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klein-Windhoek" class="mw-redirect" title="Klein-Windhoek">Klein-Windhoek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleine_Kuppe" title="Kleine Kuppe">Kleine Kuppe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lafrenz_Industrial_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lafrenz Industrial Area (page does not exist)">Lafrenz Industrial Area</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigsdorf_(Windhoek)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludwigsdorf (Windhoek) (page does not exist)">Ludwigsdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luxush%C3%BCgel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luxushügel (page does not exist)">Luxushügel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Industrial_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northern Industrial Area (page does not exist)">Northern Industrial Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okuryangava" title="Okuryangava">Okuryangava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympia_(Windhoek)" title="Olympia (Windhoek)">Olympia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otjomuise" title="Otjomuise">Otjomuise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneers_Park" title="Pioneers Park">Pioneers Park</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prosperita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prosperita (page does not exist)">Prosperita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Crest" class="mw-redirect" title="Rocky Crest">Rocky Crest</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Industrial_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Industrial Area (page does not exist)">Southern Industrial Area</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suiderhof&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suiderhof (page does not exist)">Suiderhof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samora_Machel_constituency" class="mw-redirect" title="Samora Machel constituency">Wanaheda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windhoek_North&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Windhoek North (page does not exist)">Windhoek North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windhoek_West" title="Windhoek West">Windhoek West</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Constituencies_in_the_Khomas_Region_of_Namibia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Constituencies_of_the_Khomas_Region" title="Template:Constituencies of the Khomas Region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Constituencies_of_the_Khomas_Region" title="Template talk:Constituencies of the Khomas Region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Constituencies_of_the_Khomas_Region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Constituencies of the Khomas Region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Constituencies_in_the_Khomas_Region_of_Namibia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Constituencies in the <a href="/wiki/Khomas_Region" title="Khomas Region">Khomas Region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Pandeni_Constituency" title="John Pandeni Constituency">John Pandeni</a> <i>(Soweto)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katutura_Central" title="Katutura Central">Katutura Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katutura_East" title="Katutura East">Katutura East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khomasdal_Constituency" title="Khomasdal Constituency">Khomasdal</a> <i>(Khomasdal North)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_%C7%81Garo%C3%ABb_Constituency" title="Moses ǁGaroëb Constituency">Moses ǁGaroëb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samora_Machel_Constituency" title="Samora Machel Constituency">Samora Machel</a> <i>(Wanaheda)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobias_Hainyeko_constituency" title="Tobias Hainyeko constituency">Tobias Hainyeko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windhoek_East" title="Windhoek East">Windhoek East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windhoek_Rural" title="Windhoek Rural">Windhoek Rural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windhoek_West_Constituency" title="Windhoek West Constituency">Windhoek West</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Namibia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/80px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_African_countries" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_African_capitals" title="Template:List of African capitals"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_African_capitals" title="Template talk:List of African capitals"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_African_capitals" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of African capitals"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_African_countries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capitals</a> of African countries</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">states with limited recognition</a> are in <i>italics</i></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 27em;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Abuja" title="Abuja">Abuja</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Antananarivo" title="Antananarivo">Antananarivo</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Asmara" title="Asmara">Asmara</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bamako" title="Bamako">Bamako</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bangui" title="Bangui">Bangui</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Banjul" title="Banjul">Banjul</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bissau" title="Bissau">Bissau</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Brazzaville" title="Brazzaville">Brazzaville</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Rep. of the Congo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Conakry" title="Conakry">Conakry</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dakar" title="Dakar">Dakar</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Djibouti_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Djibouti (city)">Djibouti</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dodoma" title="Dodoma">Dodoma</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Laayoune" title="Laayoune">El Aaiún</a></b> (claimed)/<b><a href="/wiki/Tifariti" title="Tifariti">Tifariti</a></b> (factual), <a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></i><sup>1</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Freetown" title="Freetown">Freetown</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gaborone" title="Gaborone">Gaborone</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gitega" title="Gitega">Gitega</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Harare" title="Harare">Harare</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hargeisa" title="Hargeisa">Hargeisa</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a></i><sup>1</sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Saint_Helena" title="Jamestown, Saint Helena">Jamestown</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Juba" title="Juba">Juba</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kampala" title="Kampala">Kampala</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum">Khartoum</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kigali" title="Kigali">Kigali</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">D.R. Congo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Libreville" title="Libreville">Libreville</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lilongwe" title="Lilongwe">Lilongwe</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lom%C3%A9" title="Lomé">Lomé</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda">Luanda</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka">Lusaka</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Malabo" title="Malabo">Malabo</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Maputo" title="Maputo">Maputo</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Maseru" title="Maseru">Maseru</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Mbabane" title="Mbabane">Mbabane</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Ngwenyama" title="Ngwenyama">executive</a>)<br /> </li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Lobamba" title="Lobamba">Lobamba</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Eswatini" title="Parliament of Eswatini">legislative</a>), <a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mogadishu" title="Mogadishu">Mogadishu</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Monrovia" title="Monrovia">Monrovia</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Moroni,_Comoros" title="Moroni, Comoros">Moroni</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nairobi" title="Nairobi">Nairobi</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/N%27Djamena" title="N'Djamena">N'Djamena</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Niamey" title="Niamey">Niamey</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott">Nouakchott</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ouagadougou" title="Ouagadougou">Ouagadougou</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Port_Louis" title="Port Louis">Port Louis</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Porto-Novo" title="Porto-Novo">Porto-Novo</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Praia" title="Praia">Praia</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Africa" title="President of South Africa">executive</a>)<br /> </li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_South_Africa" title="Parliament of South Africa">legislative</a>)<br /> </li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein">Bloemfontein</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Appeal_(South_Africa)" title="Supreme Court of Appeal (South Africa)">judicial</a>), <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rabat" title="Rabat">Rabat</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9" title="São Tomé">São Tomé</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Seychelles" title="Victoria, Seychelles">Victoria</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Windhoek</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Yamoussoukro" title="Yamoussoukro">Yamoussoukro</a></b> (political)<br /> </li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Abidjan" title="Abidjan">Abidjan</a></b> (economic), <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yaound%C3%A9" title="Yaoundé">Yaoundé</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>1</sup> <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">An unrecognised or partially-recognised nation</a></li> <li><sup>2</sup> <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3935#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3935#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3935#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4079332-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81062586">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14549030h">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14549030h">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Windhoek (Namibie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge612716&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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