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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" class="story" xmlns:og="http://opengraphprotocol.org/schema/"> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/04/science/paul-crutzen-dead.html","20210205092054","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1612516854"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" /> <!-- End Wayback Rewrite JS Include --> <title data-rh="true">Paul Crutzen, Nobel Laureate Who Fought Climate Change, Dies at 87 - The New York Times</title> <meta data-rh="true" property="article:published_time" content="2021-02-04T22:24:00.000Z"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:modified_time" content="2021-02-04T22:41:33.000Z"/><meta data-rh="true" http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en"/><meta data-rh="true" name="robots" content="noarchive"/><meta data-rh="true" name="articleid" content="100000007584060"/><meta data-rh="true" name="nyt_uri" content="nyt://article/e5c19006-b595-57f8-8d90-4daeb5e91f0e"/><meta data-rh="true" name="pubp_event_id" content="pubp://event/7b8180ec8b074faba0634c3d10b6a6d3"/><meta data-rh="true" name="description" content="He named our age the “Anthropocene” and warned the world of threats that certain chemicals posed to the ozone layer."/><meta data-rh="true" name="image" content="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2021/02/03/obituaries/Crutzen-01/Crutzen-01-facebookJumbo.jpg"/><meta data-rh="true" name="byl" content="By John Schwartz"/><meta data-rh="true" name="thumbnail" content="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2021/02/03/obituaries/Crutzen-01/Crutzen-01-thumbStandard.jpg"/><meta data-rh="true" name="news_keywords" content="Paul Crutzen,Obituary,Nobel Prize,Ozone,Climate Change,Global Warming,Max Planck Society,National Center for Atmospheric Research,"/><meta data-rh="true" name="pdate" content="20210204"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205092054/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/04/science/paul-crutzen-dead.html"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:type" content="article"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:title" content="Paul Crutzen, Nobel Laureate Who Fought Climate Change, Dies at 87"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205092054im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2021/02/03/obituaries/Crutzen-01/Crutzen-01-facebookJumbo.jpg"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:image:alt" content="The scientist Paul Crutzen in an undated photo. A Nobel laureate, he wrote of the threat of climate change and said that a “daunting task lies ahead for scientists and engineers” to provide solutions."/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:description" content="He named our age the “Anthropocene” and warned the world of threats that certain chemicals posed to the ozone layer."/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:url" content="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/04/science/paul-crutzen-dead.html"/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:title" content="Paul Crutzen, Nobel Laureate Who Fought Climate Change, Dies at 87"/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:description" content="He named our age the “Anthropocene” and warned the world of threats that certain chemicals posed to the ozone layer."/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:image" content="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2021/02/03/obituaries/Crutzen-01/Crutzen-01-videoSixteenByNineJumbo1600.jpg"/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:image:alt" content="The scientist Paul Crutzen in an undated photo. A Nobel laureate, he wrote of the threat of climate change and said that a “daunting task lies ahead for scientists and engineers” to provide solutions."/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:section" content="Science"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:tag" content="Crutzen, Paul"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:tag" content="Deaths (Obituaries)"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:tag" content="Nobel Prizes"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:tag" content="Ozone"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:tag" content="Global Warming"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:tag" content="Max Planck Society"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:tag" content="National Center for Atmospheric Research"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:tag" content="Climate Change"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:opinion" content="false"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:content_tier" 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3dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 288dpi)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205092054im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2021/02/03/obituaries/Crutzen-01/merlin_183182550_39ebe8df-7fa9-43a4-a34e-b4767104d68d-mobileMasterAt3x.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=600"/><source media="(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 2dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 192dpi)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205092054im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2021/02/03/obituaries/Crutzen-01/merlin_183182550_39ebe8df-7fa9-43a4-a34e-b4767104d68d-mobileMasterAt3x.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=1200"/><source media="(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 1),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 1dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 96dpi)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205092054im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2021/02/03/obituaries/Crutzen-01/merlin_183182550_39ebe8df-7fa9-43a4-a34e-b4767104d68d-mobileMasterAt3x.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=1800"/><img alt="The scientist Paul Crutzen in an undated photo. A Nobel laureate, he wrote of the threat of climate change and said that a “daunting task lies ahead for scientists and engineers” to provide solutions." class="css-11cwn6f" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205092054im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2021/02/03/obituaries/Crutzen-01/merlin_183182550_39ebe8df-7fa9-43a4-a34e-b4767104d68d-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205092054im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2021/02/03/obituaries/Crutzen-01/merlin_183182550_39ebe8df-7fa9-43a4-a34e-b4767104d68d-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 600w, https://web.archive.org/web/20210205092054im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2021/02/03/obituaries/Crutzen-01/merlin_183182550_39ebe8df-7fa9-43a4-a34e-b4767104d68d-jumbo.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 1024w, https://web.archive.org/web/20210205092054im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2021/02/03/obituaries/Crutzen-01/merlin_183182550_39ebe8df-7fa9-43a4-a34e-b4767104d68d-superJumbo.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 2048w" sizes="((min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1004px)) 84vw, (min-width: 1005px) 60vw, 100vw" decoding="async"/></picture></div><figcaption class="css-17ai7jg e18f7pbr0"><span aria-hidden="true" class="css-16f3y1r e13ogyst0">The scientist Paul Crutzen in an undated photo. A Nobel laureate, he wrote of the threat of climate change and said that a “daunting task lies ahead for scientists and engineers” to provide solutions.</span><span class="css-cnj6d5 e1z0qqy90"><span class="css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0">Credit...</span><span><span>Max Planck Institute</span></span></span></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="css-18e8msd"><div class="css-vp77d3 epjyd6m0"><div class="css-hus3qt ey68jwv0" aria-hidden="true"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205092054/https://www.nytimes.com/by/john-schwartz" class="css-uwwqev"><img alt="John Schwartz" title="John Schwartz" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205092054im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/02/16/multimedia/author-john-schwartz/author-john-schwartz-thumbLarge.jpg" class="css-1rjmmt7 ey68jwv2"/></a></div><div class="css-1baulvz"><p class="css-4z5zii e1jsehar1"><span class="byline-prefix">By </span><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205092054/https://www.nytimes.com/by/john-schwartz" class="css-brehiz e1jsehar0"><span class="css-1baulvz last-byline">John Schwartz</span></a></p></div></div><ul class="css-1u1psjv epjyd6m3"><li class="css-ccw2r3 epjyd6m1"><time datetime="2021-02-04T17:24:00-05:00" class="css-ld3wwf e16638kd2"><span class="css-1sbuyqj e16638kd3">Feb. 4, 2021</span></time></li></ul></div></header><section name="articleBody" class="meteredContent css-1r7ky0e"><div class="css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn"><div class="css-53u6y8"><p class="css-axufdj evys1bk0">Paul J. Crutzen, a Dutch scientist who earned a Nobel Prize for work that warned the world about the threat of chemicals to the planet’s ozone layer and who went on to push for action against global warming, died on Jan. 28 in Mainz, Germany. He was 87.</p><p class="css-axufdj evys1bk0">The Max Planck Institute for Chemistry in Mainz announced the death, in a hospital, but did not state the cause. Susanne Benner, a spokeswoman for the institute, said Dr. Crutzen had been treated for Parkinson’s disease.</p><p class="css-axufdj evys1bk0">Martin Stratmann, the president of the Max Planck Society, said in <a class="css-1g7m0tk" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205092054/https://www.mpg.de/16360356/nobel-laureate-paul-j" title="" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">a statement</a> that Dr. Crutzen’s work had led to the ban on ozone-depleting chemicals, “a hitherto unique example of how Nobel Prize-winning basic research can directly lead to a global political decision.”</p></div><aside class="css-ew4tgv" aria-label="companion column"></aside></div><div class="css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn"><div class="css-53u6y8"><p class="css-axufdj evys1bk0">Dr. Crutzen popularized the term “Anthropocene” to describe Earth’s current geological era. The name, which he proposed in 2000 but which <a class="css-1g7m0tk" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205092054/https://dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/05/11/confronting-the-anthropocene/" title="">others had brought up in the same or slightly different spelling,</a> suggests that we now live on a planet shaped by humanity.</p></div><aside class="css-ew4tgv" aria-label="companion column"></aside></div><div class="css-79elbk" data-testid="photoviewer-wrapper"><div class="css-z3e15g" data-testid="photoviewer-wrapper-hidden"></div><div data-testid="photoviewer-children" class="css-1a48zt4 ehw59r15"><figure class="css-jcw7oy e1g7ppur0" aria-label="media" role="group"><div class="css-1xdhyk6 erfvjey0"><span class="css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0">Image</span><picture><source media="(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 3),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 3dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 288dpi)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205092054im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2021/02/05/obituaries/Crutzen-04/merlin_178437969_fa4335df-ae4a-4629-a567-b3fa34705cb0-mobileMasterAt3x.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=600"/><source media="(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 2dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 192dpi)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205092054im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2021/02/05/obituaries/Crutzen-04/merlin_178437969_fa4335df-ae4a-4629-a567-b3fa34705cb0-mobileMasterAt3x.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=1200"/><source media="(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 1),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 1dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 96dpi)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205092054im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2021/02/05/obituaries/Crutzen-04/merlin_178437969_fa4335df-ae4a-4629-a567-b3fa34705cb0-mobileMasterAt3x.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=1800"/><img alt="A 1992 picture shows the hole in the ozone layer over the Antarctic. Dr. Crutzen’s work contributed to the discovery of the ozone hole, and to the global pact that is helping to address the problem." class="css-1m50asq" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205092054im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2021/02/05/obituaries/Crutzen-04/merlin_178437969_fa4335df-ae4a-4629-a567-b3fa34705cb0-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205092054im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2021/02/05/obituaries/Crutzen-04/merlin_178437969_fa4335df-ae4a-4629-a567-b3fa34705cb0-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 600w, https://web.archive.org/web/20210205092054im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2021/02/05/obituaries/Crutzen-04/merlin_178437969_fa4335df-ae4a-4629-a567-b3fa34705cb0-jumbo.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 1024w, https://web.archive.org/web/20210205092054im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2021/02/05/obituaries/Crutzen-04/merlin_178437969_fa4335df-ae4a-4629-a567-b3fa34705cb0-superJumbo.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 2018w" sizes="((min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1004px)) 84vw, (min-width: 1005px) 60vw, 100vw" decoding="async"/></picture></div><figcaption class="css-1l44abu ewdxa0s0"><span aria-hidden="true" class="css-16f3y1r e13ogyst0">A 1992 picture shows the hole in the ozone layer over the Antarctic. Dr. Crutzen’s work contributed to the discovery of the ozone hole, and to the global pact that is helping to address the problem.</span><span class="css-cnj6d5 e1z0qqy90"><span class="css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0">Credit...</span><span>Associated Press</span></span></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn"><div class="css-53u6y8"><p class="css-axufdj evys1bk0">The term “continues to teach us that our collective human activities are now the most powerful geological force on Earth,” Al Gore, the climate activist and former vice president, said by email, “and his life’s work continues to inspire us to take responsibility for how that force affects our planet’s ecological integrity.”</p><p class="css-axufdj evys1bk0">Dr. Crutzen shared the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with <a class="css-1g7m0tk" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205092054/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/13/science/earth/f-sherwood-rowland-84-dies-raised-alarm-over-aerosols.html" title="">F. Sherwood Rowland</a> and <a class="css-1g7m0tk" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205092054/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/13/science/mario-molina-dead.html" title="">Mario Molina</a>. He found in 1970 that certain chemicals could break down ozone, a molecule that, high up in the stratosphere, absorbs dangerous ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Four years later, Dr. Rowland and Dr. Molina were able to show that gases known as chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs, could break down in the upper atmosphere and attack the ozone layer.</p><p class="css-axufdj evys1bk0">After years of skepticism and pushback from industry, <a class="css-1g7m0tk" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205092054/https://chemistrycommunity.nature.com/posts/51095-how-one-nature-paper-in-1985-led-to-the-discovery-of-ozone-hole" title="" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">British scientists in 1985 discovered a hole in the ozone layer</a>, leading to the landmark international treaty known as the <a class="css-1g7m0tk" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205092054/http://www.epa.gov/ozone/intpol/" title="" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">1987 Montreal Protocol</a> and a ban on production of CFCs. (Those chemicals would later be shown to contribute powerfully to global warming, and <a class="css-1g7m0tk" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205092054/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/10/science/the-montreal-protocol-a-little-treaty-that-could.html" title="">the ban kept climate change from being even worse than it is today</a>.)</p><p class="css-axufdj evys1bk0">The <a class="css-1g7m0tk" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205092054/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1995/summary/" title="" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">1995 Nobel citation</a> said the three scientists had “contributed to our salvation from a global environmental problem that could have catastrophic consequences.”</p></div><aside class="css-ew4tgv" aria-label="companion column"></aside></div><div class="css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn"><div class="css-53u6y8"><p class="css-axufdj evys1bk0"><a class="css-1g7m0tk" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205092054/https://www.nytimes.com/1995/10/12/us/3-win-nobel-prize-for-work-on-threat-to-ozone.html?searchResultPosition=12" title="">The New York Times</a> wrote in 1995 that Dr. Crutzen was “known among his colleagues as a nonconformist who shows up in an open shirt and sandals at conferences where everyone else is in formal attire.”</p><p class="css-axufdj evys1bk0">“Instead of delivering formal papers at scientific meetings,” the Times article continued, “he fumbles a few handwritten notes, then ends up mesmerizing his audiences.”</p></div><aside class="css-ew4tgv" aria-label="companion column"></aside></div><div class="css-79elbk" data-testid="photoviewer-wrapper"><div class="css-z3e15g" data-testid="photoviewer-wrapper-hidden"></div><div data-testid="photoviewer-children" class="css-1a48zt4 ehw59r15"><figure class="css-jcw7oy e1g7ppur0" aria-label="media" role="group"><div class="css-1xdhyk6 erfvjey0"><span class="css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0">Image</span><div class="css-zjzyr8"><div data-testid="lazyimage-container" style="height:285.4888888888889px"></div></div></div><figcaption class="css-1l44abu ewdxa0s0"><span aria-hidden="true" class="css-16f3y1r e13ogyst0">Dr. Crutzen received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry from King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden in Stockholm in 1995. The prize honored his work on understanding the ozone layer.</span><span class="css-cnj6d5 e1z0qqy90"><span class="css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0">Credit...</span><span>Eric Roxfelt/Associated Press</span></span></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn"><div class="css-53u6y8"><p class="css-axufdj evys1bk0">Paul Jozef Crutzen was born on Dec. 3, 1933, in Amsterdam to Jozef and Anna (Gurk) Crutzen. His father was a waiter, and his mother worked in the kitchen of a hospital.</p><p class="css-axufdj evys1bk0">In <a class="css-1g7m0tk" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205092054/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1995/crutzen/biographical/" title="" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">an autobiographical essay on the Nobel website</a>, Dr. Crutzen recalled profound privation during the Nazi occupation and the “hongerwinter,” or winter of famine, in 1944-45. “Many died of hunger and disease,” he wrote, “including several of my schoolmates.”</p><p class="css-axufdj evys1bk0">His path to atmospheric chemistry was indirect; he first set out, in 1951, to train as a civil engineer in a three-year program at a technical school so that he could save his parents the expense of college programs that might take four years or more. His father, he said, was frequently unemployed.</p><p class="css-axufdj evys1bk0">From 1954 until 1958, in addition to serving in the military, Dr. Crutzen worked in Amsterdam’s bridge construction bureau. During that time, as he recalled, he also met “a sweet girl,” Terttu Soininen.</p></div><aside class="css-ew4tgv" aria-label="companion column"></aside></div><div class="css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn"><div class="css-53u6y8"><p class="css-axufdj evys1bk0">“A few years later I was able to entice her to marry me,” he wrote. “What a great choice I made!”</p><p class="css-axufdj evys1bk0">His wife survives him, as do their two daughters, Sylvia and Ilona Crutzen, and three grandchildren.</p><p class="css-axufdj evys1bk0">In 1958, Dr. Crutzen saw an advertisement in a Swedish newspaper for a job programming computers in the department of meteorology at what is now Stockholm University. “Although I had not the slightest experience in this subject,” he wrote, “I applied for the job and had the great luck to be chosen from among many candidates.”</p><p class="css-axufdj evys1bk0">At the meteorology institute, he began studies that would lead to his receiving, in 1963, the equivalent of a master of science degree that combined mathematics, statistics and meteorology. That was followed by a Ph.D. in meteorology in 1968 and a doctorate of philosophy, the most advanced degree in the Swedish system, in 1973.</p><p class="css-axufdj evys1bk0">In choosing a specific topic of research, he said, “I picked stratospheric ozone as my subject, without the slightest anticipation of what lay ahead.”</p><p class="css-axufdj evys1bk0">He later served as director of research at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colo., from 1977 to 1980, and at the Max Planck Institute from 1980 until 2000.</p></div><aside class="css-ew4tgv" aria-label="companion column"></aside></div><div class="css-79elbk" data-testid="photoviewer-wrapper"><div class="css-z3e15g" data-testid="photoviewer-wrapper-hidden"></div><div data-testid="photoviewer-children" class="css-1a48zt4 ehw59r15"><figure class="css-jcw7oy e1g7ppur0" aria-label="media" role="group"><div class="css-1xdhyk6 erfvjey0"><span class="css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0">Image</span><div class="css-zjzyr8"><div data-testid="lazyimage-container" style="height:259.06666666666666px"></div></div></div><figcaption class="css-1l44abu ewdxa0s0"><span aria-hidden="true" class="css-16f3y1r e13ogyst0">Dr. Crutzen in 2006. He had earlier raised the prospect of employing geoengineering to help cool the planet, but he later said that he doubted it would ever be used.</span><span class="css-cnj6d5 e1z0qqy90"><span class="css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0">Credit...</span><span>Gil Cohen Magen/Reuters</span></span></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn"><div class="css-53u6y8"><p class="css-axufdj evys1bk0">In a <a class="css-1g7m0tk" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205092054/https://www.nature.com/articles/415023a" title="" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">2002 article in the journal Nature</a>, Dr. Crutzen wrote of the increasing threat of climate change. A “daunting task,” he said, “lies ahead for scientists and engineers to guide society towards environmentally sustainable management during the era of the Anthropocene.” </p></div><aside class="css-ew4tgv" aria-label="companion column"></aside></div><div class="css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn"><div class="css-53u6y8"><p class="css-axufdj evys1bk0">In that essay and elsewhere, he raised the prospect of employing geoengineering, the field that looks for ways to combat climate change through interventions like spreading sulfur in the atmosphere to help cool the planet. The idea of geoengineering remains controversial, not only because of potential unanticipated side effects, but also because of the suspicion that the technologies could be used to postpone action on reducing greenhouse gas emissions.</p><p class="css-axufdj evys1bk0">Later, <a class="css-1g7m0tk" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205092054/http://www.environmentandsociety.org/exhibitions/anthropocene/huge-variety-possibilities-interview-nobel-laureate-paul-crutzen-his-life" title="" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">in an interview</a> for <a class="css-1g7m0tk" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205092054/http://www.environmentandsociety.org/exhibitions/welcome-anthropocene" title="" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">a 2014 virtual exhibition on the Anthropocene</a>, Dr. Crutzen said, “I share that fear,” adding that using the technology to avoid acting on emissions “would be totally wrong,” and that he doubted it would ever be used.</p><p class="css-axufdj evys1bk0">In that same interview, the journalist Christian Schwägerl asked, “Have you remained an optimist?”</p><p class="css-axufdj evys1bk0">Dr. Crutzen replied, “Did I say I am an optimist?”</p><p class="css-axufdj evys1bk0">Mr. Schwägerl then asked what made him feel optimistic, and the reply was less curt. There were the “beautiful things around us like arts and literature,” Dr. Crutzen said. “There are so many beautiful things humankind is creating that I wonder when we will make Earth more beautiful again instead of depleting everything.”</p></div><aside class="css-ew4tgv" aria-label="companion column"></aside></div></section><div class="bottom-of-article"></div><div></div><div></div><div><div id="bottom-wrapper" class="css-1ede5it"><div id="bottom-slug" class="css-l9onyx"><p>Advertisement</p></div><a href="#after-bottom" style="position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;margin:-1px;padding:0;border:0;clip:rect(0 0 0 0);overflow:hidden">Continue reading the main story</a><div class="ad bottom-wrapper" id="bottom" style="text-align:center;height:100%;display:block;min-height:90px"></div><div id="after-bottom"></div></div></div></article></div></main><nav class="css-kdur8l" id="site-index" aria-labelledby="site-index-label" data-testid="site-index"><h2 class="css-1dv1kvn" 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Crutzen received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry from King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden in Stockholm in 1995. 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His father was a waiter, and his mother worked in the kitchen of a hospital.","formats":[]},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2U1YzE5MDA2LWI1OTUtNTdmOC04ZDkwLTRkYWViNWU5MWYwZQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.27.content.0":{"__typename":"TextInline","text":"In ","formats":[]},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2U1YzE5MDA2LWI1OTUtNTdmOC04ZDkwLTRkYWViNWU5MWYwZQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.27.content.1":{"__typename":"TextInline","text":"an autobiographical essay on the Nobel website","formats":[{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2U1YzE5MDA2LWI1OTUtNTdmOC04ZDkwLTRkYWViNWU5MWYwZQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.27.content.1.formats.0","typename":"LinkFormat"}]},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2U1YzE5MDA2LWI1OTUtNTdmOC04ZDkwLTRkYWViNWU5MWYwZQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.27.content.1.formats.0":{"__typename":"LinkFormat","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20210205092054\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.nobelprize.org\u002Fprizes\u002Fchemistry\u002F1995\u002Fcrutzen\u002Fbiographical\u002F","title":""},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2U1YzE5MDA2LWI1OTUtNTdmOC04ZDkwLTRkYWViNWU5MWYwZQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.27.content.2":{"__typename":"TextInline","text":", Dr. Crutzen recalled profound privation during the Nazi occupation and the “hongerwinter,” or winter of famine, in 1944-45. “Many died of hunger and disease,” he wrote, “including several of my schoolmates.”","formats":[]},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2U1YzE5MDA2LWI1OTUtNTdmOC04ZDkwLTRkYWViNWU5MWYwZQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.29.content.0":{"__typename":"TextInline","text":"His path to atmospheric chemistry was indirect; he first set out, in 1951, to train as a civil engineer in a three-year program at a technical school so that he could save his parents the expense of college programs that might take four years or more. His father, he said, was frequently unemployed.","formats":[]},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2U1YzE5MDA2LWI1OTUtNTdmOC04ZDkwLTRkYWViNWU5MWYwZQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.31.content.0":{"__typename":"TextInline","text":"From 1954 until 1958, in addition to serving in the military, Dr. Crutzen worked in Amsterdam’s bridge construction bureau. During that time, as he recalled, he also met “a sweet girl,” Terttu Soininen.","formats":[]},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2U1YzE5MDA2LWI1OTUtNTdmOC04ZDkwLTRkYWViNWU5MWYwZQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.33.content.0":{"__typename":"TextInline","text":"“A few years later I was able to entice her to marry me,” he wrote. “What a great choice I made!”","formats":[]},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2U1YzE5MDA2LWI1OTUtNTdmOC04ZDkwLTRkYWViNWU5MWYwZQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.34.content.0":{"__typename":"TextInline","text":"His wife survives him, as do their two daughters, Sylvia and Ilona Crutzen, and three grandchildren.","formats":[]},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2U1YzE5MDA2LWI1OTUtNTdmOC04ZDkwLTRkYWViNWU5MWYwZQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.36.content.0":{"__typename":"TextInline","text":"In 1958, Dr. Crutzen saw an advertisement in a Swedish newspaper for a job programming computers in the department of meteorology at what is now Stockholm University. “Although I had not the slightest experience in this subject,” he wrote, “I applied for the job and had the great luck to be chosen from among many candidates.”","formats":[]},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2U1YzE5MDA2LWI1OTUtNTdmOC04ZDkwLTRkYWViNWU5MWYwZQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.38.content.0":{"__typename":"TextInline","text":"At the meteorology institute, he began studies that would lead to his receiving, in 1963, the equivalent of a master of science degree that combined mathematics, statistics and meteorology. 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He had earlier raised the prospect of employing geoengineering to help cool the planet, but he later said that he doubted it would ever be used.","__typename":"TextOnlyDocumentBlock"},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2U1YzE5MDA2LWI1OTUtNTdmOC04ZDkwLTRkYWViNWU5MWYwZQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.46.content.0":{"__typename":"TextInline","text":"In a ","formats":[]},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2U1YzE5MDA2LWI1OTUtNTdmOC04ZDkwLTRkYWViNWU5MWYwZQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.46.content.1":{"__typename":"TextInline","text":"2002 article in the journal Nature","formats":[{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2U1YzE5MDA2LWI1OTUtNTdmOC04ZDkwLTRkYWViNWU5MWYwZQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.46.content.1.formats.0","typename":"LinkFormat"}]},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2U1YzE5MDA2LWI1OTUtNTdmOC04ZDkwLTRkYWViNWU5MWYwZQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.46.content.1.formats.0":{"__typename":"LinkFormat","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20210205092054\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.nature.com\u002Farticles\u002F415023a","title":""},"$Article:QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2U1YzE5MDA2LWI1OTUtNTdmOC04ZDkwLTRkYWViNWU5MWYwZQ==.sprinkledBody.content@filterEmpty.46.content.2":{"__typename":"TextInline","text":", Dr. Crutzen wrote of the increasing threat of climate change. 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