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error rate</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: apparent error rate"> <meta name="keywords" content="apparent error rate"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="apparent error rate"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 10022</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: apparent error rate</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10022</span> Comparing the Apparent Error Rate of Gender Specifying from Human Skeletal Remains by Using Classification and Cluster Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jularat%20Chumnaul">Jularat Chumnaul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In forensic science, corpses from various homicides are different; there are both complete and incomplete, depending on causes of death or forms of homicide. For example, some corpses are cut into pieces, some are camouflaged by dumping into the river, some are buried, some are burned to destroy the evidence, and others. If the corpses are incomplete, it can lead to the difficulty of personally identifying because some tissues and bones are destroyed. To specify gender of the corpses from skeletal remains, the most precise method is DNA identification. However, this method is costly and takes longer so that other identification techniques are used instead. The first technique that is widely used is considering the features of bones. In general, an evidence from the corpses such as some pieces of bones, especially the skull and pelvis can be used to identify their gender. To use this technique, forensic scientists are required observation skills in order to classify the difference between male and female bones. Although this technique is uncomplicated, saving time and cost, and the forensic scientists can fairly accurately determine gender by using this technique (apparently an accuracy rate of 90% or more), the crucial disadvantage is there are only some positions of skeleton that can be used to specify gender such as supraorbital ridge, nuchal crest, temporal lobe, mandible, and chin. Therefore, the skeletal remains that will be used have to be complete. The other technique that is widely used for gender specifying in forensic science and archeology is skeletal measurements. The advantage of this method is it can be used in several positions in one piece of bones, and it can be used even if the bones are not complete. In this study, the classification and cluster analysis are applied to this technique, including the Kth Nearest Neighbor Classification, Classification Tree, Ward Linkage Cluster, K-mean Cluster, and Two Step Cluster. The data contains 507 particular individuals and 9 skeletal measurements (diameter measurements), and the performance of five methods are investigated by considering the apparent error rate (APER). The results from this study indicate that the Two Step Cluster and Kth Nearest Neighbor method seem to be suitable to specify gender from human skeletal remains because both yield small apparent error rate of 0.20% and 4.14%, respectively. On the other hand, the Classification Tree, Ward Linkage Cluster, and K-mean Cluster method are not appropriate since they yield large apparent error rate of 10.65%, 10.65%, and 16.37%, respectively. However, there are other ways to evaluate the performance of classification such as an estimate of the error rate using the holdout procedure or misclassification costs, and the difference methods can make the different conclusions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skeletal%20measurements" title="skeletal measurements">skeletal measurements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification" title=" classification"> classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cluster" title=" cluster"> cluster</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apparent%20error%20rate" title=" apparent error rate"> apparent error rate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51858/comparing-the-apparent-error-rate-of-gender-specifying-from-human-skeletal-remains-by-using-classification-and-cluster-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51858.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10021</span> Multiple Linear Regression for Rapid Estimation of Subsurface Resistivity from Apparent Resistivity Measurements</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabiu%20Bala%20Muhammad">Sabiu Bala Muhammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosli%20Saad"> Rosli Saad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Multiple linear regression (MLR) models for fast estimation of true subsurface resistivity from apparent resistivity field measurements are developed and assessed in this study. The parameters investigated were apparent resistivity (ρₐ), horizontal location (X) and depth (Z) of measurement as the independent variables; and true resistivity (ρₜ) as the dependent variable. To achieve linearity in both resistivity variables, datasets were first transformed into logarithmic domain following diagnostic checks of normality of the dependent variable and heteroscedasticity to ensure accurate models. Four MLR models were developed based on hierarchical combination of the independent variables. The generated MLR coefficients were applied to another data set to estimate ρₜ values for validation. Contours of the estimated ρₜ values were plotted and compared to the observed data plots at the colour scale and blanking for visual assessment. The accuracy of the models was assessed using coefficient of determination (R²), standard error (SE) and weighted mean absolute percentage error (wMAPE). It is concluded that the MLR models can estimate ρₜ for with high level of accuracy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apparent%20resistivity" title="apparent resistivity">apparent resistivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depth" title=" depth"> depth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=horizontal%20location" title=" horizontal location"> horizontal location</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20linear%20regression" title=" multiple linear regression"> multiple linear regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=true%20resistivity" title=" true resistivity"> true resistivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70171/multiple-linear-regression-for-rapid-estimation-of-subsurface-resistivity-from-apparent-resistivity-measurements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70171.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">276</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10020</span> Charging-Vacuum Helium Mass Spectrometer Leak Detection Technology in the Application of Space Products Leak Testing and Error Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jijun%20Shi">Jijun Shi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lichen%20Sun"> Lichen Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianchao%20Zhao"> Jianchao Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lizhi%20Sun"> Lizhi Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Enjun%20Liu"> Enjun Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chongwu%20Guo"> Chongwu Guo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Because of the consistency of pressure direction, more short cycle, and high sensitivity, Charging-Vacuum helium mass spectrometer leak testing technology is the most popular leak testing technology for the seal testing of the spacecraft parts, especially the small and medium size ones. Usually, auxiliary pump was used, and the minimum detectable leak rate could reach 5E-9Pa•m3/s, even better on certain occasions. Relative error is more important when evaluating the results. How to choose the reference leak, the background level of helium, and record formats would affect the leak rate tested. In the linearity range of leak testing system, it would reduce 10% relative error if the reference leak with larger leak rate was used, and the relative error would reduce obviously if the background of helium was low efficiently, the record format of decimal was used, and the more stable data were recorded. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leak%20testing" title="leak testing">leak testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spacecraft%20parts" title=" spacecraft parts"> spacecraft parts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relative%20error" title=" relative error"> relative error</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=error%20control" title=" error control"> error control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62233/charging-vacuum-helium-mass-spectrometer-leak-detection-technology-in-the-application-of-space-products-leak-testing-and-error-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62233.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">456</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10019</span> Imp_hist-Si: Improved Hybrid Image Segmentation Technique for Satellite Imagery to Decrease the Segmentation Error Rate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neetu%20Manocha">Neetu Manocha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Image segmentation is a technique where a picture is parted into distinct parts having similar features which have a place with similar items. Various segmentation strategies have been proposed as of late by prominent analysts. But, after ultimate thorough research, the novelists have analyzed that generally, the old methods do not decrease the segmentation error rate. Then author finds the technique HIST-SI to decrease the segmentation error rates. In this technique, cluster-based and threshold-based segmentation techniques are merged together. After then, to improve the result of HIST-SI, the authors added the method of filtering and linking in this technique named Imp_HIST-SI to decrease the segmentation error rates. The goal of this research is to find a new technique to decrease the segmentation error rates and produce much better results than the HIST-SI technique. For testing the proposed technique, a dataset of Bhuvan – a National Geoportal developed and hosted by ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) is used. Experiments are conducted using Scikit-image & OpenCV tools of Python, and performance is evaluated and compared over various existing image segmentation techniques for several matrices, i.e., Mean Square Error (MSE) and Peak Signal Noise Ratio (PSNR). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satellite%20image" title="satellite image">satellite image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20segmentation" title=" image segmentation"> image segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edge%20detection" title=" edge detection"> edge detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=error%20rate" title=" error rate"> error rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MSE" title=" MSE"> MSE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PSNR" title=" PSNR"> PSNR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HIST-SI" title=" HIST-SI"> HIST-SI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linking" title=" linking"> linking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filtering" title=" filtering"> filtering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imp_HIST-SI" title=" imp_HIST-SI"> imp_HIST-SI</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149905/imp-hist-si-improved-hybrid-image-segmentation-technique-for-satellite-imagery-to-decrease-the-segmentation-error-rate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149905.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10018</span> Performance Analysis of Multichannel OCDMA-FSO Network under Different Pervasive Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saru%20Arora">Saru Arora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anurag%20Sharma"> Anurag Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harsukhpreet%20Singh"> Harsukhpreet Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To meet the growing need of high data rate and bandwidth, various efforts has been made nowadays for the efficient communication systems. Optical Code Division Multiple Access over Free space optics communication system seems an effective role for providing transmission at high data rate with low bit error rate and low amount of multiple access interference. This paper demonstrates the OCDMA over FSO communication system up to the range of 7000 m at a data rate of 5 Gbps. Initially, the 8 user OCDMA-FSO system is simulated and pseudo orthogonal codes are used for encoding. Also, the simulative analysis of various performance parameters like power and core effective area that are having an effect on the Bit error rate (BER) of the system is carried out. The simulative analysis reveals that the length of the transmission is limited by the multi-access interference (MAI) effect which arises when the number of users increases in the system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FSO" title="FSO">FSO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PSO" title=" PSO"> PSO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bit%20error%20rate%20%28BER%29" title=" bit error rate (BER)"> bit error rate (BER)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=opti%20system%20simulation" title=" opti system simulation"> opti system simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20access%20interference%20%28MAI%29" title=" multiple access interference (MAI)"> multiple access interference (MAI)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=q-factor" title=" q-factor"> q-factor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48171/performance-analysis-of-multichannel-ocdma-fso-network-under-different-pervasive-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48171.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10017</span> Aliasing Free and Additive Error in Spectra for Alpha Stable Signals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Sabre">R. Sabre</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work focuses on the symmetric alpha stable process with continuous time frequently used in modeling the signal with indefinitely growing variance, often observed with an unknown additive error. The objective of this paper is to estimate this error from discrete observations of the signal. For that, we propose a method based on the smoothing of the observations via Jackson polynomial kernel and taking into account the width of the interval where the spectral density is non-zero. This technique allows avoiding the “Aliasing phenomenon” encountered when the estimation is made from the discrete observations of a process with continuous time. We have studied the convergence rate of the estimator and have shown that the convergence rate improves in the case where the spectral density is zero at the origin. Thus, we set up an estimator of the additive error that can be subtracted for approaching the original signal without error. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20density" title="spectral density">spectral density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stable%20processes" title=" stable processes"> stable processes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aliasing" title=" aliasing"> aliasing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non%20parametric" title=" non parametric"> non parametric</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110786/aliasing-free-and-additive-error-in-spectra-for-alpha-stable-signals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110786.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10016</span> Lowering Error Floors by Concatenation of Low-Density Parity-Check and Array Code</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cinna%20Soltanpur">Cinna Soltanpur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Ghamari"> Mohammad Ghamari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behzad%20Momahed%20Heravi"> Behzad Momahed Heravi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatemeh%20Zare"> Fatemeh Zare</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes have been shown to deliver capacity approaching performance; however, problematic graphical structures (e.g. trapping sets) in the Tanner graph of some LDPC codes can cause high error floors in bit-error-ratio (BER) performance under conventional sum-product algorithm (SPA). This paper presents a serial concatenation scheme to avoid the trapping sets and to lower the error floors of LDPC code. The outer code in the proposed concatenation is the LDPC, and the inner code is a high rate array code. This approach applies an interactive hybrid process between the BCJR decoding for the array code and the SPA for the LDPC code together with bit-pinning and bit-flipping techniques. Margulis code of size (2640, 1320) has been used for the simulation and it has been shown that the proposed concatenation and decoding scheme can considerably improve the error floor performance with minimal rate loss. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concatenated%20coding" title="concatenated coding">concatenated coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%E2%80%93density%20parity%E2%80%93check%20codes" title=" low–density parity–check codes"> low–density parity–check codes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=array%20code" title=" array code"> array code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=error%20floors" title=" error floors"> error floors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60058/lowering-error-floors-by-concatenation-of-low-density-parity-check-and-array-code" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60058.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10015</span> Applying Genetic Algorithm in Exchange Rate Models Determination</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Rostamzadeh">Mehdi Rostamzadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Genetic Algorithms (GAs) are an adaptive heuristic search algorithm premised on the evolutionary ideas of natural selection and genetic. In this study, we apply GAs for fundamental and technical models of exchange rate determination in exchange rate market. In this framework, we estimated absolute and relative purchasing power parity, Mundell-Fleming, sticky and flexible prices (monetary models), equilibrium exchange rate and portfolio balance model as fundamental models and Auto Regressive (AR), Moving Average (MA), Auto-Regressive with Moving Average (ARMA) and Mean Reversion (MR) as technical models for Iranian Rial against European Union’s Euro using monthly data from January 1992 to December 2014. Then, we put these models into the genetic algorithm system for measuring their optimal weight for each model. These optimal weights have been measured according to four criteria i.e. R-Squared (R2), mean square error (MSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and root mean square error (RMSE).Based on obtained Results, it seems that for explaining of Iranian Rial against EU Euro exchange rate behavior, fundamental models are better than technical models. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exchange%20rate" title="exchange rate">exchange rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title=" genetic algorithm"> genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20models" title=" fundamental models"> fundamental models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technical%20models" title=" technical models"> technical models</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47210/applying-genetic-algorithm-in-exchange-rate-models-determination" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47210.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">273</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10014</span> The Effectiveness of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing as Modulation Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20O.%20Babana">Mohamed O. Babana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In wireless channel multipath is the propagation phenomena where the transmitted signal arrive at the receiver side with many of paths, the signal at these paths arrive with different time delay the results is random signal fading due to intersymbols interference(ISI). This paper deals with identification of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology, and how it is used to overcome intersymbol interference due to multipath. Also investigates the effect of Additive White Gaussian Noise Channel (AWGN) on OFDM using multi-level modulation of Phase Shift Keying (PSK), computer simulation to calculate the bit error rate (BER) under AWGN channel is applied. A comparison study is carried out to obtain the Bit Error Rate performance for OFDM to identify the best multi-level modulation of PSK. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intersymbol%20interference%28ISI%29" title="intersymbol interference(ISI)">intersymbol interference(ISI)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bit%20error%20rate%28BER%29" title=" bit error rate(BER)"> bit error rate(BER)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modulation" title=" modulation"> modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiplexing" title=" multiplexing"> multiplexing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47691/the-effectiveness-of-orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing-as-modulation-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47691.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">422</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10013</span> Automatic Speech Recognition Systems Performance Evaluation Using Word Error Rate Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jo%C3%A3o%20Rato">João Rato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nuno%20Costa"> Nuno Costa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The human verbal communication is a two-way process which requires a mutual understanding that will result in some considerations. This kind of communication, also called dialogue, besides the supposed human agents it can also be performed between human agents and machines. The interaction between Men and Machines, by means of a natural language, has an important role concerning the improvement of the communication between each other. Aiming at knowing the performance of some speech recognition systems, this document shows the results of the accomplished tests according to the Word Error Rate evaluation method. Besides that, it is also given a set of information linked to the systems of Man-Machine communication. After this work has been made, conclusions were drawn regarding the Speech Recognition Systems, among which it can be mentioned their poor performance concerning the voice interpretation in noisy environments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automatic%20speech%20recognition" title="automatic speech recognition">automatic speech recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=man-machine%20conversation" title=" man-machine conversation"> man-machine conversation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speech%20recognition" title=" speech recognition"> speech recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spoken%20dialogue%20systems" title=" spoken dialogue systems"> spoken dialogue systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=word%20error%20rate" title=" word error rate"> word error rate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62274/automatic-speech-recognition-systems-performance-evaluation-using-word-error-rate-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62274.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10012</span> Impact of Hard Limited Clipping Crest Factor Reduction Technique on Bit Error Rate in OFDM Based Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Theodore%20Grosch">Theodore Grosch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Felipe%20Koji%20Godinho%20Hoshino"> Felipe Koji Godinho Hoshino</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In wireless communications, 3GPP LTE is one of the solutions to meet the greater transmission data rate demand. One issue inherent to this technology is the PAPR (Peak-to-Average Power Ratio) of OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) modulation. This high PAPR affects the efficiency of power amplifiers. One approach to mitigate this effect is the Crest Factor Reduction (CFR) technique. In this work, we simulate the impact of Hard Limited Clipping Crest Factor Reduction technique on BER (Bit Error Rate) in OFDM based Systems. In general, the results showed that CFR has more effects on higher digital modulation schemes, as expected. More importantly, we show the worst-case degradation due to CFR on QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM signals in a linear system. For example, hard clipping of 9 dB results in a 2 dB increase in signal to noise energy at a 1% BER for 64-QAM modulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bit%20error%20rate" title="bit error rate">bit error rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crest%20factor%20reduction" title=" crest factor reduction"> crest factor reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OFDM" title=" OFDM"> OFDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20layer%20simulation" title=" physical layer simulation"> physical layer simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53288/impact-of-hard-limited-clipping-crest-factor-reduction-technique-on-bit-error-rate-in-ofdm-based-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53288.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10011</span> Effects of Manufacture and Assembly Errors on the Output Error of Globoidal Cam Mechanisms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuting%20Ji">Shuting Ji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yueming%20Zhang"> Yueming Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jing%20Zhao"> Jing Zhao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The output error of the globoidal cam mechanism can be considered as a relevant indicator of mechanism performance, because it determines kinematic and dynamical behavior of mechanical transmission. Based on the differential geometry and the rigid body transformations, the mathematical model of surface geometry of the globoidal cam is established. Then we present the analytical expression of the output error (including the transmission error and the displacement error along the output axis) by considering different manufacture and assembly errors. The effects of the center distance error, the perpendicular error between input and output axes and the rotational angle error of the globoidal cam on the output error are systematically analyzed. A globoidal cam mechanism which is widely used in automatic tool changer of CNC machines is applied for illustration. Our results show that the perpendicular error and the rotational angle error have little effects on the transmission error but have great effects on the displacement error along the output axis. This study plays an important role in the design, manufacture and assembly of the globoidal cam mechanism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=globoidal%20cam%20mechanism" title="globoidal cam mechanism">globoidal cam mechanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manufacture%20error" title=" manufacture error"> manufacture error</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmission%20error" title=" transmission error"> transmission error</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automatic%20tool%20changer" title=" automatic tool changer"> automatic tool changer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33472/effects-of-manufacture-and-assembly-errors-on-the-output-error-of-globoidal-cam-mechanisms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33472.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">574</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10010</span> Estimation of Slab Depth, Column Size and Rebar Location of Concrete Specimen Using Impact Echo Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20T.%20Lee">Y. T. Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20H.%20Na"> J. H. Na</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20H.%20Kim"> S. H. Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20U.%20Hong"> S. U. Hong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, an experimental research for estimation of slab depth, column size and location of rebar of concrete specimen is conducted using the Impact Echo Method (IE) based on stress wave among non-destructive test methods. Estimation of slab depth had total length of 1800×300 and 6 different depths including 150 mm, 180 mm, 210 mm, 240 mm, 270 mm and 300 mm. The concrete column specimen was manufactured by differentiating the size into 300×300×300 mm, 400×400×400 mm and 500×500×500 mm. In case of the specimen for estimation of rebar, rebar of ∅22 mm was used in a specimen of 300×370×200 and arranged at 130 mm and 150 mm from the top to the rebar top. As a result of error rate of slab depth was overall mean of 3.1%. Error rate of column size was overall mean of 1.7%. Mean error rate of rebar location was 1.72% for top, 1.19% for bottom and 1.5% for overall mean showing relative accuracy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact%20echo%20method" title="impact echo method">impact echo method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=estimation" title=" estimation"> estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slab%20depth" title=" slab depth"> slab depth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=column%20size" title=" column size"> column size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rebar%20location" title=" rebar location"> rebar location</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title=" concrete"> concrete</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6106/estimation-of-slab-depth-column-size-and-rebar-location-of-concrete-specimen-using-impact-echo-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6106.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">351</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10009</span> Channel Estimation/Equalization with Adaptive Modulation and Coding over Multipath Faded Channels for WiMAX</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Siva%20Kumar%20Reddy">B. Siva Kumar Reddy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Lakshmi"> B. Lakshmi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> WiMAX has adopted an Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC) in OFDM to endure higher data rates and error free transmission. AMC schemes employ the Channel State Information (CSI) to efficiently utilize the channel and maximize the throughput and for better spectral efficiency. This CSI has given to the transmitter by the channel estimators. In this paper, LSE (Least Square Error) and MMSE (Minimum Mean square Error) estimators are suggested and BER (Bit Error Rate) performance has been analyzed. Channel equalization is also integrated with with AMC-OFDM system and presented with Constant Modulus Algorithm (CMA) and Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithms with convergence rates analysis. Simulation results proved that increment in modulation scheme size causes to improvement in throughput along with BER value. There is a trade-off among modulation size, throughput, BER value and spectral efficiency. Results also reported the requirement of channel estimation and equalization in high data rate systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AMC" title="AMC">AMC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CSI" title=" CSI"> CSI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CMA" title=" CMA"> CMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OFDM" title=" OFDM"> OFDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OFDMA" title=" OFDMA"> OFDMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WiMAX" title=" WiMAX"> WiMAX</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14902/channel-estimationequalization-with-adaptive-modulation-and-coding-over-multipath-faded-channels-for-wimax" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14902.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">393</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10008</span> A Soft Error Rates (SER) Evaluation Method of Combinational Logic Circuit Based on Linear Energy Transfers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Man%20Li">Man Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wanting%20Zhou"> Wanting Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lei%20Li"> Lei Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Communication stability is the primary concern of communication satellites. Communication satellites are easily affected by particle radiation to generate single event effects (SEE), which leads to soft errors (SE) of the combinational logic circuit. The existing research on soft error rates (SER) of the combined logic circuit is mostly based on the assumption that the logic gates being bombarded have the same pulse width. However, in the actual radiation environment, the pulse widths of the logic gates being bombarded are different due to different linear energy transfers (LET). In order to improve the accuracy of SER evaluation model, this paper proposes a soft error rate evaluation method based on LET. In this paper, the authors analyze the influence of LET on the pulse width of combinational logic and establish the pulse width model based on the LET. Based on this model, the error rate of test circuit ISCAS'85 is calculated. The effectiveness of the model is proved by comparing it with previous experiments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication%20satellite" title="communication satellite">communication satellite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulse%20width" title=" pulse width"> pulse width</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soft%20error%20rates" title=" soft error rates"> soft error rates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LET" title=" LET"> LET</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148147/a-soft-error-rates-ser-evaluation-method-of-combinational-logic-circuit-based-on-linear-energy-transfers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148147.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">171</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10007</span> Bit Error Rate (BER) Performance of Coherent Homodyne BPSK-OCDMA Network for Multimedia Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morsy%20Ahmed%20Morsy%20Ismail">Morsy Ahmed Morsy Ismail</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the structure of a coherent homodyne receiver for the Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA) network is introduced based on the Multi-Length Weighted Modified Prime Code (ML-WMPC) for multimedia applications. The Bit Error Rate (BER) of this homodyne detection is evaluated as a function of the number of active users and the signal to noise ratio for different code lengths according to the multimedia application such as audio, voice, and video. Besides, the Mach-Zehnder interferometer is used as an external phase modulator in homodyne detection. Furthermore, the Multiple Access Interference (MAI) and the receiver noise in a shot-noise limited regime are taken into consideration in the BER calculations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OCDMA%20networks" title="OCDMA networks">OCDMA networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bit%20error%20rate" title=" bit error rate"> bit error rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20access%20interference" title=" multiple access interference"> multiple access interference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20phase-shift%20keying" title=" binary phase-shift keying"> binary phase-shift keying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multimedia" title=" multimedia"> multimedia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142901/bit-error-rate-ber-performance-of-coherent-homodyne-bpsk-ocdma-network-for-multimedia-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142901.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10006</span> Experimental Characterization of the Color Quality and Error Rate for an Red, Green, and Blue-Based Light Emission Diode-Fixture Used in Visible Light Communications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20F.%20Gutierrez">Juan F. Gutierrez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jesus%20M.%20Quintero"> Jesus M. Quintero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diego%20Sandoval"> Diego Sandoval</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An important feature of LED technology is the fast on-off commutation, which allows data transmission. Visible Light Communication (VLC) is a wireless method to transmit data with visible light. Modulation formats such as On-Off Keying (OOK) and Color Shift Keying (CSK) are used in VLC. Since CSK is based on three color bands uses red, green, and blue monochromatic LED (RGB-LED) to define a pattern of chromaticities. This type of CSK provides poor color quality in the illuminated area. This work presents the design and implementation of a VLC system using RGB-based CSK with 16, 8, and 4 color points, mixing with a steady baseline of a phosphor white-LED, to improve the color quality of the LED-Fixture. The experimental system was assessed in terms of the Color Rendering Index (CRI) and the Symbol Error Rate (SER). Good color quality performance of the LED-Fixture was obtained with an acceptable SER. The laboratory setup used to characterize and calibrate an LED-Fixture is described. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VLC" title="VLC">VLC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20lighting" title=" indoor lighting"> indoor lighting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=color%20quality" title=" color quality"> color quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=symbol%20error%20rate" title=" symbol error rate"> symbol error rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=color%20shift%20keying" title=" color shift keying"> color shift keying</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158336/experimental-characterization-of-the-color-quality-and-error-rate-for-an-red-green-and-blue-based-light-emission-diode-fixture-used-in-visible-light-communications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158336.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">99</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10005</span> The Optimization of Decision Rules in Multimodal Decision-Level Fusion Scheme</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrey%20V.%20Timofeev">Andrey V. Timofeev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dmitry%20V.%20Egorov"> Dmitry V. Egorov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper introduces an original method of parametric optimization of the structure for multimodal decision-level fusion scheme which combines the results of the partial solution of the classification task obtained from assembly of the mono-modal classifiers. As a result, a multimodal fusion classifier which has the minimum value of the total error rate has been obtained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification%20accuracy" title="classification accuracy">classification accuracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fusion%20solution" title=" fusion solution"> fusion solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20error%20rate" title=" total error rate"> total error rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multimodal%20fusion%20classifier" title=" multimodal fusion classifier"> multimodal fusion classifier</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26088/the-optimization-of-decision-rules-in-multimodal-decision-level-fusion-scheme" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26088.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">466</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10004</span> Combined Automatic Speech Recognition and Machine Translation in Business Correspondence Domain for English-Croatian</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanja%20Seljan">Sanja Seljan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivan%20Dun%C4%91er"> Ivan Dunđer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper presents combined automatic speech recognition (ASR) for English and machine translation (MT) for English and Croatian in the domain of business correspondence. The first part presents results of training the ASR commercial system on two English data sets, enriched by error analysis. The second part presents results of machine translation performed by online tool Google Translate for English and Croatian and Croatian-English language pairs. Human evaluation in terms of usability is conducted and internal consistency calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient, enriched by error analysis. Automatic evaluation is performed by WER (Word Error Rate) and PER (Position-independent word Error Rate) metrics, followed by investigation of Pearson’s correlation with human evaluation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automatic%20machine%20translation" title="automatic machine translation">automatic machine translation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrated%20language%20technologies" title=" integrated language technologies"> integrated language technologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20evaluation" title=" quality evaluation"> quality evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speech%20recognition" title=" speech recognition"> speech recognition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11845/combined-automatic-speech-recognition-and-machine-translation-in-business-correspondence-domain-for-english-croatian" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11845.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">484</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10003</span> A Comparative Analysis of ARIMA and Threshold Autoregressive Models on Exchange Rate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diteboho%20Xaba">Diteboho Xaba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kolentino%20Mpeta"> Kolentino Mpeta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tlotliso%20Qejoe"> Tlotliso Qejoe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper assesses the in-sample forecasting of the South African exchange rates comparing a linear ARIMA model and a SETAR model. The study uses a monthly adjusted data of South African exchange rates with 420 observations. Akaike information criterion (AIC) and the Schwarz information criteria (SIC) are used for model selection. Mean absolute error (MAE), root mean squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) are error metrics used to evaluate forecast capability of the models. The Diebold –Mariano (DM) test is employed in the study to check forecast accuracy in order to distinguish the forecasting performance between the two models (ARIMA and SETAR). The results indicate that both models perform well when modelling and forecasting the exchange rates, but SETAR seemed to outperform ARIMA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ARIMA" title="ARIMA">ARIMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=error%20metrices" title=" error metrices"> error metrices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20selection" title=" model selection"> model selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SETAR" title=" SETAR"> SETAR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57052/a-comparative-analysis-of-arima-and-threshold-autoregressive-models-on-exchange-rate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57052.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10002</span> Bit Error Rate Performance of MIMO Systems for Wireless Communications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Ghayoula">E. Ghayoula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Haj%20Taieb"> M. Haj Taieb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Bouallegue"> A. Bouallegue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Y.%20Chouinard"> J. Y. Chouinard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Ghayoula"> R. Ghayoula</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper evaluates the bit error rate (BER) performance of MIMO systems for wireless communication. MIMO uses multiple transmitting antennas, multiple receiving antennas and the space-time block codes to provide diversity. MIMO transmits signal encoded by space-time block (STBC) encoder through different transmitting antennas. These signals arrive at the receiver at slightly different times. Spatially separated multiple receiving antennas are employed to provide diversity reception to combat the effect of fading in the channel. This paper presents a detailed study of diversity coding for MIMO systems. STBC techniques are implemented and simulation results in terms of the BER performance with varying number of MIMO transmitting and receiving antennas are presented. Our results show how increasing the number of both transmit and receive antenna improves system performance and reduces the bit error rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MIMO%20systems" title="MIMO systems">MIMO systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diversity" title=" diversity"> diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BER" title=" BER"> BER</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MRRC" title=" MRRC"> MRRC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SIMO" title=" SIMO"> SIMO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MISO" title=" MISO"> MISO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=STBC" title=" STBC"> STBC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alamouti" title=" alamouti"> alamouti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SNR" title=" SNR"> SNR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23654/bit-error-rate-performance-of-mimo-systems-for-wireless-communications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23654.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">490</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10001</span> The Best Prediction Data Mining Model for Breast Cancer Probability in Women Residents in Kabul</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mina%20Jafari">Mina Jafari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kobra%20Hamraee"> Kobra Hamraee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saied%20Hossein%20Hosseini"> Saied Hossein Hosseini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The prediction of breast cancer disease is one of the challenges in medicine. In this paper we collected 528 records of women’s information who live in Kabul including demographic, life style, diet and pregnancy data. There are many classification algorithm in breast cancer prediction and tried to find the best model with most accurate result and lowest error rate. We evaluated some other common supervised algorithms in data mining to find the best model in prediction of breast cancer disease among afghan women living in Kabul regarding to momography result as target variable. For evaluating these algorithms we used Cross Validation which is an assured method for measuring the performance of models. After comparing error rate and accuracy of three models: Decision Tree, Naive Bays and Rule Induction, Decision Tree with accuracy of 94.06% and error rate of %15 is found the best model to predicting breast cancer disease based on the health care records. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20tree" title="decision tree">decision tree</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20cancer" title=" breast cancer"> breast cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probability" title=" probability"> probability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20mining" title=" data mining"> data mining</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128692/the-best-prediction-data-mining-model-for-breast-cancer-probability-in-women-residents-in-kabul" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128692.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10000</span> Neural Network Approach to Classifying Truck Traffic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ren%20Moses">Ren Moses</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The process of classifying vehicles on a highway is hereby viewed as a pattern recognition problem in which connectionist techniques such as artificial neural networks (ANN) can be used to assign vehicles to their correct classes and hence to establish optimum axle spacing thresholds. In the United States, vehicles are typically classified into 13 classes using a methodology commonly referred to as “Scheme F”. In this research, the ANN model was developed, trained, and applied to field data of vehicles. The data comprised of three vehicular features—axle spacing, number of axles per vehicle, and overall vehicle weight. The ANN reduced the classification error rate from 9.5 percent to 6.2 percent when compared to an existing classification algorithm that is not ANN-based and which uses two vehicular features for classification, that is, axle spacing and number of axles. The inclusion of overall vehicle weight as a third classification variable further reduced the error rate from 6.2 percent to only 3.0 percent. The promising results from the neural networks were used to set up new thresholds that reduce classification error rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20networks" title="artificial neural networks">artificial neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicle%20classification" title=" vehicle classification"> vehicle classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20flow" title=" traffic flow"> traffic flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20analysis" title=" traffic analysis"> traffic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20highway%20opera-tions" title=" and highway opera-tions"> and highway opera-tions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15762/neural-network-approach-to-classifying-truck-traffic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15762.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9999</span> Modern State of the Universal Modeling for Centrifugal Compressors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Galerkin">Y. Galerkin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Soldatova"> K. Soldatova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Drozdov"> A. Drozdov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The 6th version of Universal modeling method for centrifugal compressor stage calculation is described. Identification of the new mathematical model was made. As a result of identification the uniform set of empirical coefficients is received. The efficiency definition error is 0,86 % at a design point. The efficiency definition error at five flow rate points (except a point of the maximum flow rate) is 1,22 %. Several variants of the stage with 3D impellers designed by 6th version program and quasi three-dimensional calculation programs were compared by their gas dynamic performances CFD (NUMECA FINE TURBO). Performance comparison demonstrated general principles of design validity and leads to some design recommendations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressor%20design" title="compressor design">compressor design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loss%20model" title=" loss model"> loss model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20prediction" title=" performance prediction"> performance prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=test%20data" title=" test data"> test data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20stages" title=" model stages"> model stages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20rate%20coefficient" title=" flow rate coefficient"> flow rate coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=work%20coefficient" title=" work coefficient"> work coefficient</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18037/modern-state-of-the-universal-modeling-for-centrifugal-compressors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18037.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">412</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9998</span> Method of False Alarm Rate Control for Cyclic Redundancy Check-Aided List Decoding of Polar Codes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dmitry%20Dikarev">Dmitry Dikarev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajit%20Nimbalker"> Ajit Nimbalker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexei%20Davydov"> Alexei Davydov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Polar coding is a novel example of error correcting codes, which can achieve Shannon limit at block length N→∞ with log-linear complexity. Active research is being carried to adopt this theoretical concept for using in practical applications such as 5th generation wireless communication systems. Cyclic redundancy check (CRC) error detection code is broadly used in conjunction with successive cancellation list (SCL) decoding algorithm to improve finite-length polar code performance. However, there are two issues: increase of code block payload overhead by CRC bits and decrease of CRC error-detection capability. This paper proposes a method to control CRC overhead and false alarm rate of polar decoding. As shown in the computer simulations results, the proposed method provides the ability to use any set of CRC polynomials with any list size while maintaining the desired level of false alarm rate. This level of flexibility allows using polar codes in 5G New Radio standard. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=5G%20New%20Radio" title="5G New Radio">5G New Radio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=channel%20coding" title=" channel coding"> channel coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic%20redundancy%20check" title=" cyclic redundancy check"> cyclic redundancy check</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=list%20decoding" title=" list decoding"> list decoding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polar%20codes" title=" polar codes"> polar codes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85145/method-of-false-alarm-rate-control-for-cyclic-redundancy-check-aided-list-decoding-of-polar-codes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85145.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9997</span> Apparent Ileal and Excreta Digestibility of Protein Poultry By-Product Meal in 21 to 28 Days of Age Broiler Chicken</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Mahmoudnia">N. Mahmoudnia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Khormali"> M. Khormali </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This experiment was conducted to determine the apparent protein digestibility of poultry byproduct meal (PBPM) from two industrial poultry slaughter-houses on Ross 308 male broiler chickens in independent comparisons. The experiment consisted of seven dietary treatments and three replicates per treatment with three broiler chickens per replicate in a completely randomized design. Dietary treatments consisted of a control corn- soybean diet, and levels 3, 6, and 9% PBPM produced by slaughter-house 1 and levels 3, 6, and 9% PBPM produced by slaughter house 2. Chromic oxide was added to the experimental diets as an indigestible marker. The apparent protein digestibility of each diet were determined with two methods of sample collection of ileum and excreta in 21-28 d of age. The results this experiment showed that use of PBPM had no significant effect on the performance of broiler chicks during period of experiments. The apparent protein digestibility of PBPM groups was significantly higher than control group by excreta sampling procedure (P<0.05). Using of PBPM 2 significantly (P<0.05) decreased the apparent protein digestibility values based on ileum sampling procedure vs control (85.21 vs. 90.14).Based results of this experiment,it is possible to use of PBPM 1 in broiler chicken. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poultry%20by-product%20meal" title="poultry by-product meal">poultry by-product meal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apparent%20protein%20digestibility" title=" apparent protein digestibility"> apparent protein digestibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=independed%20comparison" title=" independed comparison"> independed comparison</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broiler%20chicken" title=" broiler chicken "> broiler chicken </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18677/apparent-ileal-and-excreta-digestibility-of-protein-poultry-by-product-meal-in-21-to-28-days-of-age-broiler-chicken" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18677.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">492</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9996</span> Composite Forecasts Accuracy for Automobile Sales in Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Watchareeporn%20Chaimongkol">Watchareeporn Chaimongkol</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we compare the statistical measures accuracy of composite forecasting model to estimate automobile customer demand in Thailand. A modified simple exponential smoothing and autoregressive integrate moving average (ARIMA) forecasting model is built to estimate customer demand of passenger cars, instead of using information of historical sales data. Our model takes into account special characteristic of the Thai automobile market such as sales promotion, advertising and publicity, petrol price, and interest rate for loan. We evaluate our forecasting model by comparing forecasts with actual data using six accuracy measurements, mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), geometric mean absolute error (GMAE), symmetric mean absolute percentage error (sMAPE), mean absolute scaled error (MASE), median relative absolute error (MdRAE), and geometric mean relative absolute error (GMRAE). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20forecasting" title="composite forecasting">composite forecasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simple%20exponential%20smoothing%20model" title=" simple exponential smoothing model"> simple exponential smoothing model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autoregressive%20integrate%20moving%20average%20model%20selection" title=" autoregressive integrate moving average model selection"> autoregressive integrate moving average model selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accuracy%20measurements" title=" accuracy measurements"> accuracy measurements</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6189/composite-forecasts-accuracy-for-automobile-sales-in-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6189.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">362</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9995</span> Design and Development of the Force Plate for the Study of Driving-Point Biodynamic Responses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vikas%20Kumar">Vikas Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20H.%20Saran"> V. H. Saran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arpit%20Mathur"> Arpit Mathur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Avik%20Kathuria"> Avik Kathuria</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The evaluation of biodynamic responses of the human body to whole body vibration exposure is necessary to quantify the exposure effects. A force plate model has been designed with the help of CAD software, which was investigated by performing the modal, stress and strain analysis using finite element approach in the software. The results of the modal, stress and strain analysis were under the limits for measurements of biodynamic responses to whole body vibration. The physical model of the force plate was manufactured and fixed to the vibration simulator and further used in the experimentation for the evaluation of apparent mass responses of the ten recruited subjects standing in an erect posture exposed to vertical whole body vibration. The platform was excited with sinusoidal vibration at vibration magnitude: 1.0 and 1.5 m/s2 rms at different frequency of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12.5, 16 and 20 Hz. The results of magnitude of normalised apparent mass have shown the trend observed in the many past studies. The peak in the normalised apparent mass has been observed at 4 & 5 Hz frequency of vertical whole body vibration. The nonlinearity with respect to vibration magnitude has been also observed in the normalised apparent mass responses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=whole%20body%20vibration" title="whole body vibration">whole body vibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apparent%20mass" title=" apparent mass"> apparent mass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=force%20plate" title=" force plate"> force plate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35435/design-and-development-of-the-force-plate-for-the-study-of-driving-point-biodynamic-responses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35435.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">416</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9994</span> Evaluation of Mixing and Oxygen Transfer Performances for a Stirred Bioreactor Containing P. chrysogenum Broths</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20C.%20Blaga">A. C. Blaga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20C%C3%A2rlescu"> A. Cârlescu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Turnea"> M. Turnea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20I.%20Galaction"> A. I. Galaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Ca%C5%9Fcaval"> D. Caşcaval </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The performance of an aerobic stirred bioreactor for fungal fermentation was analyzed on the basis of mixing time and oxygen mass transfer coefficient, by quantifying the influence of some specific geometrical and operational parameters of the bioreactor, as well as the rheological behavior of Penicillium chrysogenum broth (free mycelia and mycelia aggregates). The rheological properties of the fungus broth, controlled by the biomass concentration, its growth rate, and morphology strongly affect the performance of the bioreactor. Experimental data showed that for both morphological structures the accumulation of fungus biomass induces a significant increase of broths viscosity and modifies the rheological behavior. For lower P. chrysogenum concentrations (both morphological conformations), the mixing time initially increases with aeration rate, reaches a maximum value and decreases. This variation can be explained by the formation of small bubbles, due to the presence of solid phase which hinders the bubbles coalescence, the rising velocity of bubbles being reduced by the high apparent viscosity of fungus broths. By biomass accumulation, the variation of mixing time with aeration rate is gradually changed, the continuous reduction of mixing time with air input flow increase being obtained for 33.5 g/l d.w. P. chrysogenum. Owing to the superior apparent viscosity, which reduces considerably the relative contribution of mechanical agitation to the broths mixing, these phenomena are more pronounced for P. chrysogenum free mycelia. Due to the increase of broth apparent viscosity, the biomass accumulation induces two significant effects on oxygen transfer rate: the diminution of turbulence and perturbation of bubbles dispersion - coalescence equilibrium. The increase of P. chrysogenum free mycelia concentration leads to the decrease of kla values. Thus, for the considered variation domain of the main parameters taken into account, namely air superficial velocity from 8.36 10-4 to 5.02 10-3 m/s and specific power input from 100 to 500 W/m3, kla was reduced for 3.7 times for biomass concentration increase from 4 to 36.5 g/l d.w. The broth containing P. crysogenum mycelia aggregates exhibits a particular behavior from the point of view of oxygen transfer. Regardless of bioreactor operating conditions, the increase of biomass concentration leads initially to the increase of oxygen mass transfer rate, the phenomenon that can be explained by the interaction of pellets with bubbles. The results are in relation with the increase of apparent viscosity of broths corresponding to the variation of biomass concentration between the mentioned limits. Thus, the apparent viscosity of the suspension of fungus mycelia aggregates increased for 44.2 times and fungus free mycelia for 63.9 times for CX increase from 4 to 36.5 g/l d.w. By means of the experimental data, some mathematical correlations describing the influences of the considered factors on mixing time and kla have been proposed. The proposed correlations can be used in bioreactor performance evaluation, optimization, and scaling-up. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass%20concentration" title="biomass concentration">biomass concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixing%20time" title=" mixing time"> mixing time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20mass%20transfer" title=" oxygen mass transfer"> oxygen mass transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20chrysogenum%20broth" title=" P. chrysogenum broth"> P. chrysogenum broth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stirred%20bioreactor" title=" stirred bioreactor"> stirred bioreactor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8050/evaluation-of-mixing-and-oxygen-transfer-performances-for-a-stirred-bioreactor-containing-p-chrysogenum-broths" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8050.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">340</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9993</span> Bit Error Rate Analysis of Multiband OFCDM UWB System in UWB Fading Channel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjay%20M.%20Gulhane">Sanjay M. Gulhane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Athar%20Ravish%20Khan"> Athar Ravish Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umesh%20W.%20Kaware"> Umesh W. Kaware</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Orthogonal frequency and code division multiplexing (OFCDM) has received large attention as a modulation scheme to realize high data rate transmission. Multiband (MB) Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) Ultra Wide Band (UWB) system become promising technique for high data rate due to its large number of advantage over Singleband (UWB) system, but it suffer from coherent frequency diversity problem. In this paper we have proposed MB-OFCDM UWB system, in which two-dimensional (2D) spreading (time and frequency domain spreading), has been introduced, combining OFDM with 2D spreading, proposed system can provide frequency diversity. This paper presents the basic structure and main functions of the MB-OFCDM system, and evaluates the bit error rate BER performance of MB-OFDM and MB-OFCDM system under UWB indoor multi-path channel model. It is observe that BER curve of MB-OFCDM UWB improve its performance by 2dB as compare to MB-OFDM UWB system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MB-OFDM%20UWB%20system" title="MB-OFDM UWB system">MB-OFDM UWB system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MB-OFCDM%20UWB%20system" title=" MB-OFCDM UWB system"> MB-OFCDM UWB system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UWB%20IEEE%20channel%20model" title=" UWB IEEE channel model"> UWB IEEE channel model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BER" title=" BER"> BER</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3112/bit-error-rate-analysis-of-multiband-ofcdm-uwb-system-in-uwb-fading-channel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3112.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 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