CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /> <meta name="robots" content="index,follow" /> <meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="aWjBPIhV1_Yepr3NGd5e26QXEKfSzvcxEFB44G1o03U" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.imedpub.com/images/favicon.ico" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://neoplasm.imedpub.com/" /> <link rel="alternate" href="https://neoplasm.imedpub.com/articles/actinic-keratoses-merge-the-statement-of-p16ink4.php?aid=51718" hreflang="en-us" />  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.3.1/css/all.css" /> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300i,400,400i,600,600i,700,700i,800,800i&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.imedpub.com/assets/css/imedpub_com.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.imedpub.com/assets/css/global.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.imedpub.com/assets/css/author.css" /> <link href="https://www.imedpub.com/css/imed_external_style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link href="https://www.imedpub.com/css/styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' />   <script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script>      <script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.4/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-XNMVT52KMZ"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-XNMVT52KMZ'); </script> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Organization", "url": "https://neoplasm.imedpub.com/", "logo": "https://www.imedpub.com/images/imedpub-logo.png" } </script> <style> p { text-align:justify !important; } </style> <title>Actinic Keratoses Merge the Statement of P16ink4 | Insight Medical Publishing</title> <meta name="keywords" content=", list of open access journals, open access, open access journals, open access publication, open access publisher, open access publishing, open access journal articles, imedpub, imedpub publishing, insight medical publishing, imedpub online"> <meta name="description" content="Actinic Keratoses Merge the Statement of P16ink4, Yin Fin"> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="iMedPub"/> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Journal of Neoplasm" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Actinic Keratoses Merge the Statement of P16ink4" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Yin Fin" /> <meta name="citation_month" content="September" /> <meta name="citation_year" content="2023" /> <meta name="citation_volume" content="8" /> <meta name="citation_issue" content="3" /> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.36648/2576-3903.8.3.41" /> <meta name="citation_issn" content="2576-3903" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2023/09/14" /> <meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://neoplasm.imedpub.com/articles/actinic-keratoses-merge-the-statement-of-p16ink4.php?aid=51718" /> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://neoplasm.imedpub.com/articles/actinic-keratoses-merge-the-statement-of-p16ink4.pdf" /> <script type="text/javascript"> function openimage(theURL,winName,features) { window.open(theURL,winName,features); } </script> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /> <meta name="robots" content="index,follow" /> <meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="aWjBPIhV1_Yepr3NGd5e26QXEKfSzvcxEFB44G1o03U" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.imedpub.com/images/favicon.ico" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://neoplasm.imedpub.com/" /> <link rel="alternate" href="https://neoplasm.imedpub.com/articles/actinic-keratoses-merge-the-statement-of-p16ink4.php?aid=51718" hreflang="en-us" />  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.3.1/css/all.css" /> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300i,400,400i,600,600i,700,700i,800,800i&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.imedpub.com/assets/css/imedpub_com.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.imedpub.com/assets/css/global.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.imedpub.com/assets/css/author.css" /> <link href="https://www.imedpub.com/css/imed_external_style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link href="https://www.imedpub.com/css/styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' />   <script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script>      <script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.4/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-XNMVT52KMZ"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-XNMVT52KMZ'); </script> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Organization", "url": "https://neoplasm.imedpub.com/", "logo": "https://www.imedpub.com/images/imedpub-logo.png" } </script> <style> p { text-align:justify !important; } </style> <style> h4 { border-left-color: #f35a36 !important; font-size: 1.25rem !important; } p{ text-align:justify !important; } </style> </head> <body> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="container container_bg">  <header class="row justify-content-between align-items-center px-3"> <div class="col-12 col-sm">  <h1><a class="text-danger" href="https://neoplasm.imedpub.com/" title="Journal of Neoplasm">Journal of Neoplasm</a></h1> </div> <div class="col-12 col-sm-auto"> <div class="header_nav py-sm-5 cu_header_nav"> <a href="https://www.imedpub.com/" class="btn btn-info" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="left" title="iMedPub LTD"> <i class="fas fa-home"></i> </a> <a href="mailTo:editor@imedpub.com" title="Click here" class="btn btn-outline-secondary btn-icon"> <i class="far fa-envelope-open bg-info text-white"></i> <span class="dnone">editor@imedpub.com</span> </a> <a href="https://www.imedpub.com/submissions/neoplasm.html" target="_blank" title="click here" class="btn btn-lg btn-success">Submit a Manuscript</a> </div> </div> </header> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-dark bg-info border-0">  <a class="navbar-brand d-none" href="#">Navbar</a> <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#jrnlNavbar" aria-controls="mainNavbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button>  <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="jrnlNavbar"> <ul class="navbar-nav mr-auto"> <li class="nav-item "> <a class="nav-link" href="https://neoplasm.imedpub.com/" title="Home">Home</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a href="#" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Articles</a> <div class="dropdown-menu"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://neoplasm.imedpub.com/inpress.php" title="In Process">In Process</a>  <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://neoplasm.imedpub.com/archive.php" title="Archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a href="#" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" title="Editors">Authors</a> <div class="dropdown-menu"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://neoplasm.imedpub.com/author-guidelines.php" title="Author Guideliness">Author Guidelines</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://neoplasm.imedpub.com/submit-manuscript.php" title="Submit Manuscript">Submit Manuscript</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item "> <a class="nav-link" href="https://neoplasm.imedpub.com/editors.php" title="Editors">Editors</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a href="#" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" title="In Detail">In Detail</a> <div class="dropdown-menu"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://neoplasm.imedpub.com/aims-and-scope.php" title="Copy Right">Aim and Scope</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://neoplasm.imedpub.com/ethical-malpractices.php" title="Publication ethics & malpractice statement">Publication ethics & malpractice statement</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://neoplasm.imedpub.com/peer-review-process.php" title="Copy Right">Peer Review Process</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://neoplasm.imedpub.com/copyright.php" title="Copy Right">Copyright</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a href="#" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" title="Information">Information</a> <div class="dropdown-menu"> <a class="dropdown-item" title="Information for Authors" href="https://www.imedpub.com/information-for-authors.php">Information for Authors</a> <a class="dropdown-item" title="Information for Editors" href="https://www.imedpub.com/information-for-editors.php">Information for Editors</a> <a class="dropdown-item" title="Information for Reviewers" href="https://www.imedpub.com/info-for-reviewer.php">Information for Reviewers</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item "> <a class="nav-link" title="Citations" href="https://neoplasm.imedpub.com/citation-index.php">Citations</a></li> <li class="nav-item "> <a class="nav-link" title="Contact us" href="https://neoplasm.imedpub.com/contact.php">Contact Us</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://neoplasm.imedpub.com/special-issue.php" title="Special Issue">Special Issue</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://neoplasm.imedpub.com/rss.xml" title="RSS">RSS</a></li> </ul> <form action="https://www.imedpub.com/search-results.php" method="get"> <div class="input-group"> <input type="text" placeholder="Search.." value="" id="keyword" required class="form-control editbox_search" name="keyword" autocomplete="off"> <div class="input-group-append"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-danger" name="search"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </div> </div>  <script language="javascript"> /* $( document ).ready(function() { $("#keyword").coolautosuggest({ url:"https://neoplasm.imedpub.com/author-names.php?chars=; ?>"}); $('[data-toggle="tooltip"]').tooltip({'placement': 'left'}); }); */ </script> </form>  </div>  </nav>   <div class="row clearfix mrgn_top">  <div class="col-lg-9 col-md-9"> <div class="wlcme_imdpub"> <h2 class="text-primary font-size-8 border-left-4 pl-2" style="border-left-color: #f35a36 !important;">Actinic Keratoses Merge the Statement of P16ink4</h2> <div> <p><strong>Yin Fin</strong></p><p>Department of Oncology, CMR University, Bengaluru, India</p><strong>Published Date: </strong>2023-09-14<br /><strong>DOI</strong>10.36648/2576-3903.8.3.41 </div> <div class="ft_top_content"> <p><strong>Yin Fin<sup><a href="#corr">*</a></sup></strong></p> <p>Department of Oncology, CMR University, Bengaluru, India</p> <dl class="dl-horizontal"> <dt>*Corresponding Author:</dt> <dd>Yin Fin<a id="corr" name="corr"></a><br /> Department of Oncology,<br /> CMR University, Bengaluru,<br /> India,<br /> <strong>E-mail:</strong> Fin_Y@gmail.com</dd> </dl> <p><strong>Received date: </strong>August 14, 2023, Manuscript No. IPJN-23-18068; <strong>Editor assigned date:</strong> August 17, 2023, PreQC No. IPJN-23-18068 (PQ); <strong>Reviewed date:</strong> August 31, 2023, QC No. IPJN-23-18068; <strong>Revised date:</strong> September 07, 2023, Manuscript No. IPJN-23-18068 (R); <strong>Published date:</strong> September 14, 2023, DOI: <a href="https://neoplasm.imedpub.com/actinic-keratoses-merge-the-statement-of-p16ink4.php?aid=51718">10.36648/2576-3903.8.3.41</a></p> <p><strong>Citation: </strong>Fin Y (2023) Actinic Keratoses Merge the Statement of P16ink4. J Neoplasm Vol.8 No.3: 41.</p> <div><strong>Visit for more related articles at </strong><a href="https://neoplasm.imedpub.com/archive.php" title="Journal of Neoplasm">Journal of Neoplasm</a></div> </div> <div class="ft_below_content"> <h4>Description</h4> <p>Noticeably, AKs are every now and again felt before they are seen, and the surface is at times appeared differently in relation to sandpaper. Given the causal association between sun transparency and AK improvement, they routinely appear on an underpinning of sun-hurt skin and in districts that are typically sun-revealed, similar to the face, ears. Since sun receptiveness is rarely confined to a little locale, by far most who have an AK have multiple. In case clinical evaluation disclosures are not typical of AK and the opportunity of<em> in situ</em> or prominent Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) can't be banished considering clinical evaluation alone, a biopsy or extraction can be considered for decisive assurance by histologic appraisal of the lesional tissue. Numerous treatment decisions for AK are open. It incorporates the utilization of a photosensitizer to the skin followed by lighting up with a strong light source. Skin creams, similar to 5-fluorouracil or imiquimod, may require regular application to influenced skin areas all through a standard time course of weeks.</p> <h4>Investigation of Actinic Kerasotoses</h4> <p>Actinic keratoses are very typical on objections at least a few times introduced to the sun, especially the backs of the hands and the face. In genuinely tirelessly sun-hurt individuals, they may moreover be tracked down on the upper trunk, upper and lower extremities, and dorsum of feet. It is remarkable for a solitary actinic keratosis to create to Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC), but the bet of SCC occurring at some stage in a patient with more than 10 actinic keratoses is accepted to associate with 10% to 15%. A fragile, thickened, ulcerated, or creating actinic keratosis is questionable of headway to SCC. Successful Fiuorouracil (5-FU) destroys AKs by upsetting methylation of thymidylate synthetase, thusly barging in on DNA and RNA union. This hence thwarts the duplication of dysplastic cells in AK. Skin 5-FU is the most involved treatment for AK, and routinely achieves practical clearing of the sore. By and large, there is a half feasibility rate achieving 100% space of AKs treated with skin 5-FU. 5-FU could rely upon 90% convincing in treating non-hyperkeratotic sores. While skin 5-FU is a comprehensively involved and monetarily sharp treatment for AKs and is all things considered a lot of persevered, its potential delayed consequences can include: torture, crusting, redness and neighborhood expanding. These disagreeable effects can be directed or restricted by diminishing the repeat of purpose or appreciating respites between utilizes. The most commonly used application routine contains applying a layer of skin cream to the injury twice consistently directly following washing; range of treatment is ordinarily 2 per month to more thin skin like the cheeks and as long as around two months for the arms; treatment of up to 8 weeks has shown a higher fix rate. A physical issue biopsy is performed expecting the assurance stays questionable after a clinical genuine test, on the other hand in case there is question that the AK might have progressed to squamous cell carcinoma. The most broadly perceived tissue assessing methodology integrate shave or punch biopsy.</p> <h4>Risk Element in Actinic Kerasotoses</h4> <p>Occurrences of such innate issues consolidate xeroderma pigmentosum and blossom condition. Diminishing up top: AKs are usually tracked down on the scalps of going bare men. The degree of bareness is apparently a bet factor for sore development, as men with serious meager condition were seen as various times bound to have something like 10 AKs when diverged from men with unimportant or no sparseness. This discernment can be gotten a handle on by a shortage of hair causing a greater degree of scalp to be introduced to UV radiation if other sun confirmation measures are not taken. Immunosuppression: Individuals with a compromised insusceptible system from infirmities (like Guides) or immunosuppressive treatment (like steady immunosuppression after organ transplantation, or chemotherapy for dangerous development) are at extended risk for making AKs. They could encourage AK at an earlier age or have an extended number of AK wounds appeared differently in relation to immunocompetent people. Human papillomavirus (HPV): The occupation of HPV in the progression of AK stays vague, yet confirmation recommends that pollution with the beta papillomavirus sort of HPV may be connected with a superior likelihood of AK. Actinic keratoses are very typical on objections at least a few times introduced to the sun, especially the backs of the hands and the face, most often impacting the ears, nose, cheeks, upper lip and vermilion of the lower lip, safe-havens, temple and diminishing up top scalp. In genuinely tirelessly sunhurt individuals, they may moreover be tracked down on the upper trunk, upper and lower extremities, and dorsum of feet. The essential concern is that actinic keratoses exhibit an extended bet of making cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. It is remarkable for a solitary actinic keratosis to create to Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC), but the bet of SCC occurring at some stage in a patient with more than 10 actinic keratoses is accepted to associate with 10% to 15%. A fragile, thickened, ulcerated, or creating actinic keratosis is questionable of headway to SCC. Actinic Keratoses (AKs) for the most part conventionally present as a white, flaky plaque of variable thickness with including redness; they are by and large famous for having a sandpaper-like surface when felt with a gloved hand. Skin nearby the sore routinely shows confirmation of sun fueled hurt portrayed by unmistakable pigmentary changes, being yellow or pale in concealing with areas of hyperpigmentation; significant wrinkles, coarse surface, purpura and ecchymoses, dry skin, and scattered telangiectasias are moreover brand name. Photoaging prompts an assortment of oncogenic changes, achieving a duplication of changed keratinocytes that can show up as AKs or other neoplastic developments. With significant length of sun hurt, encouraging various AKs in a lone district on the skin is possible.</p> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="col-lg-3 col-md-3"> <center>   <img title="QR" alt="open access journals, open access scientific research publisher, open access publisher" src="https://api.qrserver.com/v1/create-qr-code/?size=185x185&data=https%3A%2F%2Fneoplasm.imedpub.com%2Farticles%2Factinic-keratoses-merge-the-statement-of-p16ink4.php%3Faid%3D51718&chld=M|0&icqrf=00b1e4" />  <nav class="nav nav-pills social-icons-footer sidebar_social_icons a-pl-0" style="padding-left: 42px !important;"> <a title="Share This Article" target="_blank" class="nav-link" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?s=100&p[title]=Actinic Keratoses Merge the Statement of P16ink4&p[url]=https%3A%2F%2Fneoplasm.imedpub.com%2Farticles%2Factinic-keratoses-merge-the-statement-of-p16ink4.php%3Faid%3D51718"><img src="https://www.imedpub.com/assets/socials/facebook.png" alt="open access journals, open access scientific research publisher, open access publisher"/></a> <a title="Share This Article" target="_blank" class="nav-link" href="https://web.whatsapp.com/send?text=https%3A%2F%2Fneoplasm.imedpub.com%2Farticles%2Factinic-keratoses-merge-the-statement-of-p16ink4.php%3Faid%3D51718" title="Share This Article" target="_blank" class="nav-link"><img src="https://www.imedpub.com/assets/socials/whatsapp.png" alt="open access journals, open access scientific research publisher, open access publisher"/></a> <a title="Share This Article" target="_blank" class="nav-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fneoplasm.imedpub.com%2Farticles%2Factinic-keratoses-merge-the-statement-of-p16ink4.php%3Faid%3D51718" title="Share This Article" target="_blank" class="nav-link"><img src="https://www.imedpub.com/assets/socials/linkedin.png" alt="open access journals, open access scientific research publisher, open access publisher"/></a> <a title="Share This Article" target="_blank" class="nav-link" href="https://twitter.com/share?text=Actinic Keratoses Merge the Statement of P16ink4&url=https%3A%2F%2Fneoplasm.imedpub.com%2Farticles%2Factinic-keratoses-merge-the-statement-of-p16ink4.php%3Faid%3D51718" class="nav-link"><img src="https://www.imedpub.com/assets/socials/twitter.png" alt="open access journals, open access scientific research publisher, open access publisher"/></a> </nav>   </center> <center> <div class="flyer_img"> Select your language of interest to view the total content in your interested language<br /> <div id="google_translate_element" align="center" style="width:100px;"></div> <script> function googleTranslateElementInit() { new google.translate.TranslateElement({ pageLanguage: 'en' }, 'google_translate_element'); } </script> <script src="https://translate.google.com/translate_a/element.js?cb=googleTranslateElementInit"></script> </div> </center> <div class="list_Jrnls"> <h2>Viewing options</h2> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li class="highlights_list_style"><a title="Full-Text" href="https://neoplasm.imedpub.com/articles/actinic-keratoses-merge-the-statement-of-p16ink4.php?aid=51718">Full-Text</a></li> <li class="highlights_list_style"><a title="PDF" href="https://neoplasm.imedpub.com/articles/actinic-keratoses-merge-the-statement-of-p16ink4.pdf">PDF</a></li> </ul> </div>   <div class="flyer_img"> <a href="https://www.imedpub.com/admin/flyer-pdfs/journal-of-neoplasm-flyerpdf.pdf" title="Click here"><img src="https://www.imedpub.com/admin/flyers/journal-of-neoplasm-flyer.jpg" width="230" height="250" alt="Flyer image"/></a> </div> <div class="flyer_img"><img src="https://www.imedpub.com/admin/index-images/-indeximage.png" alt="journal indexing image"/></div>  <div class="list_Jrnls jrnal_fxed_higt"> <h2>Open Access Journals</h2> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li class="highlights_list_style"><a title="click here" href="https://www.imedpub.com/aquaculture-veterinary-science-journals.php">Aquaculture & Veterinary Science</a></li> <li class="highlights_list_style"><a title="click here" href="https://www.imedpub.com/chemistry-chemical-sciences-journals.php">Chemistry & Chemical Sciences</a></li> <li class="highlights_list_style"><a title="click here" href="https://www.imedpub.com/clinical-science-journals.php">Clinical Sciences</a></li> <li class="highlights_list_style"><a title="click here" href="https://www.imedpub.com/engineering-journals.php">Engineering</a></li> <li class="highlights_list_style"><a title="click here" href="https://www.imedpub.com/general-science-journals.php">General Science</a></li> <li class="highlights_list_style"><a title="click here" href="https://www.imedpub.com/genetics-and-molecular-biology-journals.php">Genetics & Molecular Biology</a></li> <li class="highlights_list_style"><a title="click here" href="https://www.imedpub.com/health-care-and-nursing-journals.php">Health Care & Nursing</a></li> <li class="highlights_list_style"><a title="click here" href="https://www.imedpub.com/immunology-and-microbiology-journals.php">Immunology & Microbiology</a></li> <li class="highlights_list_style"><a title="click here" href="https://www.imedpub.com/materials-science-journals.php">Materials Science</a></li> <li class="highlights_list_style"><a title="click here" href="https://www.imedpub.com/mathematics-and-physics-journals.php">Mathematics & Physics</a></li> <li class="highlights_list_style"><a title="click here" href="https://www.imedpub.com/medical-sciences-journals.php">Medical Sciences</a></li> <li class="highlights_list_style"><a title="click here" href="https://www.imedpub.com/neurology-and-psychiatry-journals.php">Neurology & Psychiatry</a></li> <li class="highlights_list_style"><a title="click here" href="https://www.imedpub.com/oncology-and-cancer-science-journals.php">Oncology & Cancer Science</a></li> <li class="highlights_list_style"><a title="click here" href="https://www.imedpub.com/pharmaceutical-sciences-journals.php">Pharmaceutical Sciences</a></li> </ul> </div>  <div class="list_Jrnls"> <h2>Share This Article</h2>  <div class="addthis_toolbox addthis_default_style" style="padding:20px;"> <a class="addthis_button_preferred_1"></a> <a class="addthis_button_preferred_2"></a> <a class="addthis_button_preferred_3"></a> <a class="addthis_button_preferred_4"></a> <a class="addthis_button_compact"></a> <a class="addthis_counter addthis_bubble_style"></a> </div> <script type="text/javascript">var addthis_config = {"data_track_addressbar":false};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://s7.addthis.com/js/300/addthis_widget.js#pubid=ra-506aad5d54e2e436"></script>  </div> </div>  </div>  </div> </div> <style> .bell_icon { position: fixed; border-radius: 3px; right: 0px; bottom: 63px; color: #fff; z-index: 99999; } .bell_icon img { width: 100%; max-width: 160px; border-radius: 8px; } </style> <footer> <div class="container py-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-sm"> <ul class="nav footer_nav"> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.imedpub.com/" title="Click here">Home</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.imedpub.com/about-us.php" title="Click here">About</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.imedpub.com/journals.php" title="Click here">Journals</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.imedpub.com/insight-medical-publishing-articles.php" title="Click here">Articles</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.imedpub.com/information-for-editors.php" title="Click here">Editors</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.imedpub.com/information-for-authors.php" title="Click here">Authors</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.imedpub.com/info-for-reviewer.php" title="Click here">Reviewers</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.imedpub.com/contact.php" title="Click here">Contact Us</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-12 col-sm-auto"> <div class="header_social_icons pull-right"> <ul class="nav"> <li> <a title="Click here" class="social-network" onclick="_gaq.push(['_trackEvent', 'btn-social-icon', 'click', 'btn-facebook']);" href="https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100077344241241" target="_blank"> <i class="fab fa-facebook-f"></i></a></li> <li> <a title="Click here" class="social-network" onclick="_gaq.push(['_trackEvent', 'btn-social-icon', 'click', 'btn-twitter']);" href="https://twitter.com/Imedpub11" target="_blank"> <i class="fab fa-twitter"></i></a></li> <li> <a title="Click here" class="social-network" onclick="_gaq.push(['_trackEvent', 'btn-social-icon', 'click', 'btn-linkedin']);" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/insight-medical-publishing" target="_blank"><i class="fab fa-linkedin-in"></i></a></li> <li> <a title="Click here" class="social-network" onclick="_gaq.push(['_trackEvent', 'btn-social-icon', 'click', 'btn-linkedin']);" href="https://www.instagram.com/imedpub/" target="_blank"><i class="fab fa-instagram"></i></a></li>  </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="copyright pt-3"> <div class="container"> <div class="row text-center"> <div class="col"> <p>All Published work is licensed under a <a title="click here" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="nofollow"> Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a><br> Copyright © 2024 All rights reserved. <a href='https://neoplasm.imedpub.com/' title='iMedPub LTD'>iMedPub LTD</a> Last revised : November 26, 2024</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <div class="scroll-top-wrapper"><span class="scroll-top-inner"><i class="fa fa-2x fa-arrow-circle-up"></i></span></div>   <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.14.3/umd/popper.min.js"></script> <script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.3/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>    <script> $(function(){ $(document).on( 'scroll', function(){ if ($(window).scrollTop() > 100) { $('.scroll-top-wrapper').addClass('show'); } else { $('.scroll-top-wrapper').removeClass('show'); } }); $('.scroll-top-wrapper').on('click', scrollToTop); }); function scrollToTop() { verticalOffset = typeof(verticalOffset) != 'undefined' ? verticalOffset : 0; element = $('body'); offset = element.offset(); offsetTop = offset.top; $('html, body').animate({scrollTop: offsetTop}, 500, 'linear'); } </script> <script> $( document ).ready(function() { $('[data-toggle="tooltip"]').tooltip({'placement': 'left'}); }); </script> <div style="position: absolute; left: -14168px"> <a href="https://matadorbet.fun">matadorbet</a><a href="https://kralbet.fun">kralbet</a><a href="https://cypocafe.com">sahabet</a><a href="https://onwin.direct">onwin</a><a href="https://betturkey.fun">betturkey</a><a href="https://dumanbet.fun">dumanbet</a><a href="https://fbhesq.com">tipobet</a> <a href="https://bahiscom.fun">bahiscom</a><a href="https://tarafbet.co">tarafbet</a><a href="https://tarafbet.site">tarafbet</a><a href="https://asyabahisci.xyz">asyabahis</a><a href="https://maltcasinocu.fun">maltcasino</a></div>  <script type="text/javascript"> var Tawk_API=Tawk_API||{}, Tawk_LoadStart=new Date(); (function(){ var s1=document.createElement("script"),s0=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s1.async=true; s1.src='https://embed.tawk.to/5e574e4ca89cda5a1888297c/default'; s1.charset='UTF-8'; s1.setAttribute('crossorigin','*'); s0.parentNode.insertBefore(s1,s0); })(); </script><p style="overflow: auto; position: fixed; height: 0pt; width: 0pt"><a href="https://paperio-live.com/" title="paper.io">paper.io</a><p> <p style="overflow: auto; position: fixed; height: 0pt; width: 0pt"><a href="https://naughtyworms.com" title="wormax io">wormax io</a><p>  </body> </html>