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href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitChute" title="BitChute – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="BitChute" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitChute" title="BitChute – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="BitChute" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitChute" title="BitChute – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="BitChute" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitChute" title="BitChute – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="BitChute" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitChute" title="BitChute – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="BitChute" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitChute" title="BitChute – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="BitChute" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitChute" title="BitChute – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="BitChute" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitChute" title="BitChute – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="BitChute" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitChute" title="BitChute – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="BitChute" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitChute" title="BitChute – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="BitChute" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitChute" title="BitChute – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="BitChute" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitChute" title="BitChute – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="BitChute" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitChute" title="BitChute – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="BitChute" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitChute" title="BitChute – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="BitChute" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitChute" title="BitChute – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="BitChute" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitChute" title="BitChute – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="BitChute" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitChute" title="BitChute – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="BitChute" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitChute" title="BitChute – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="BitChute" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitChute" title="BitChute – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="BitChute" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitChute" title="BitChute – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="BitChute" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitChute" title="BitChute – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="BitChute" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitChute" title="BitChute – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="BitChute" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitchute" title="Bitchute – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bitchute" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitChute" title="BitChute – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="BitChute" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q45287179#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British video hosting service</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">BitChute</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Bitchute_Image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A tilted black square with white text reading "BIT", followed by red text reading "CHUTE"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7b/Bitchute_Image.svg/250px-Bitchute_Image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7b/Bitchute_Image.svg/330px-Bitchute_Image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7b/Bitchute_Image.svg/500px-Bitchute_Image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="621" data-file-height="143" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Type of site</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Online_video_platform" title="Online video platform">Online video platform</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Available in</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country of origin</th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Created by</th><td class="infobox-data">Ray Vahey</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Holding_company" title="Holding company">Parent</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Bit Chute Limited</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">URL</th><td class="infobox-data url"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bitchute.com">www<wbr />.bitchute<wbr />.com</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45287179#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Registration</th><td class="infobox-data">Optional</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launched</th><td class="infobox-data">January 2017<span class="noprint">; 8 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2017-01</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Current status</th><td class="infobox-data category">Active</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>BitChute</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Alt-tech" title="Alt-tech">alt-tech</a> <a href="/wiki/Video_hosting_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Video hosting service">video hosting service</a> launched by Ray Vahey in January 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-torrentfreak2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-torrentfreak2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It describes itself as offering <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">freedom of speech</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Schroeder_2019_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schroeder_2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dearden_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dearden-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the service is known for hosting <a href="/wiki/Far-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Far-right">far-right</a> individuals, <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theorist" class="mw-redirect" title="Conspiracy theorist">conspiracy theorists</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">hate speech</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-far-right-group_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-far-right-group-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hateful-material_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hateful-material-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some creators who use BitChute have been banned from <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>; some others <a href="/wiki/Crossposting" title="Crossposting">crosspost</a> content to both platforms or post more extreme content only to BitChute.<sup id="cite_ref-Daro_2019_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daro_2019-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before its deprecation, BitChute claimed to use <a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer" title="Peer-to-peer">peer-to-peer</a> <a href="/wiki/WebTorrent" title="WebTorrent">WebTorrent</a> technology for video distribution,<sup id="cite_ref-torrentfreak2_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-torrentfreak2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though this was disputed.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ray_Vahey_on_CorbettReport.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Ray_Vahey_on_CorbettReport.jpg/220px-Ray_Vahey_on_CorbettReport.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Ray_Vahey_on_CorbettReport.jpg/330px-Ray_Vahey_on_CorbettReport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Ray_Vahey_on_CorbettReport.jpg/440px-Ray_Vahey_on_CorbettReport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1258" data-file-height="903" /></a><figcaption>Vahey interviewed in 2018</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Bit Chute Limited</b>, BitChute's corporate identity, was registered by Ray Vahey in January 2017 in <a href="/wiki/Newbury,_Berkshire" title="Newbury, Berkshire">Newbury</a>, England.<sup id="cite_ref-Schroeder_2019_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schroeder_2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-house_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-house-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its name was conceived from a <a href="/wiki/Portmanteau" class="mw-redirect" title="Portmanteau">portmanteau</a> of the words "<a href="/wiki/Bit" title="Bit">bit</a>", a unit of information in computing, and "<a href="/wiki/Parachute" title="Parachute">parachute</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time of the site's launch, Vahey described BitChute as an alternative to mainstream platforms; he believed these platforms had demonstrated "increased levels of censorship" over the previous few years by banning and demonetising users (<a href="/wiki/YouTube#Moderation_and_offensive_content" title="YouTube">barring them from receiving advertising revenue</a>), and "tweaking algorithms to send certain content into obscurity".<sup id="cite_ref-torrentfreak2_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-torrentfreak2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, the creators of BitChute described themselves as a "small team making a stand against Internet censorship because we believe it is the right thing to do."<sup id="cite_ref-Alexander_2019_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexander_2019-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2018, BitChute was banned from <a href="/wiki/PayPal" title="PayPal">PayPal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Blake_2018_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blake_2018-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PayPal also banned <a href="/wiki/Alex_Jones" title="Alex Jones">Alex Jones</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Proud_Boys" title="Proud Boys">Proud Boys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Robinson" title="Tommy Robinson">Tommy Robinson</a>, and several <a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">anti-fascist</a> groups and users at the same time.<sup id="cite_ref-Blake_2018_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blake_2018-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, crowdfunding website <a href="/wiki/Indiegogo" title="Indiegogo">IndieGogo</a> also banned BitChute.<sup id="cite_ref-Bellingcat-2021_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bellingcat-2021-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> BitChute has also been banned from using <a href="/wiki/Patreon" title="Patreon">Patreon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stripe_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stripe (company)">Stripe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2019, BitChute announced in a post on <a href="/wiki/Gab_(social_network)" title="Gab (social network)">Gab</a> that they would move their domains over to <a href="/wiki/Epik" title="Epik">Epik</a>, a small domain registrar known for accepting the registration of websites that host far-right content.<sup id="cite_ref-Hayden_2019_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hayden_2019-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2020, a new provision to Germany's <a href="/wiki/Netzwerkdurchsetzungsgesetz" class="mw-redirect" title="Netzwerkdurchsetzungsgesetz">Network Enforcement Act</a> required social media companies to report instances of hate speech on their platforms to authorities. However, online news platform <i><a href="/wiki/Coda_Media" title="Coda Media">Coda</a></i> reported that while the law applies to platforms including YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter, BitChute is one of the platforms not affected by the provision.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early August 2020, <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> began blocking posts linking to the site, later showing a warning to users who clicked on the links.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bellingcat-2021_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bellingcat-2021-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of January 2021, BitChute was in the process of being reported to <a href="/wiki/Ofcom" title="Ofcom">Ofcom</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Community_Security_Trust" title="Community Security Trust">Community Security Trust</a> after discovering <a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">Holocaust denial</a> and Holocaust glorification content on the website, among other content considered harmful by the charity such as <a href="/wiki/Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Misinformation related to the COVID-19 pandemic">conspiracy theories related to COVID-19</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The trust's blog stated this will be an important test case for Ofcom's new role regarding regulation of social media in the United Kingdom, especially concerning extremism and hateful content.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in January, BitChute added "incitement to hatred" to its list of prohibited content, using the definition from the United Kingdom's Audiovisual Media Services Regulations 2020,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though <i><a href="/wiki/Bellingcat" title="Bellingcat">Bellingcat</a></i> wrote the following month that "racist slurs, Nazi imagery and calls for violence against Jews remained common in video comment sections."<sup id="cite_ref-Bellingcat-2021_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bellingcat-2021-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2023, <a href="/wiki/Police_Scotland" title="Police Scotland">Police Scotland</a> launched an investigation into content published on BitChute that directed abuse and threats towards <a href="/wiki/First_Minister_of_Scotland" title="First Minister of Scotland">First Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Humza_Yousaf" title="Humza Yousaf">Humza Yousaf</a> after receiving a complaint from his office. The content included several <a href="/wiki/Red_Ice" title="Red Ice">Red Ice</a> videos featuring American <a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">white supremacist</a> <a href="/wiki/Lana_Lokteff" title="Lana Lokteff">Lana Lokteff</a>, one of which called for Yousaf to "<a href="/wiki/Go_back_to_where_you_came_from" title="Go back to where you came from">go back</a>" to Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Content">Content</h2></div> <p>Since launching, BitChute has accommodated <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">far-right</a> groups and individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-far-right-group_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-far-right-group-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center" title="Southern Poverty Law Center">Southern Poverty Law Center</a> wrote in 2019 that the site hosts "hate-fueled material", the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League" title="Anti-Defamation League">Anti-Defamation League</a> wrote in 2020 that "BitChute has become a hotbed for violent, conspiratorial and hate-filled video propaganda, and a recruiting ground for extremists", and <i>Bellingcat</i> wrote in 2021 that the platform was "rife with racism and hate speech".<sup id="cite_ref-Hayden_2019_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hayden_2019-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ADL_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ADL-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bellingcat-2021_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bellingcat-2021-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a 2020 report from anti-extremism group <a href="/wiki/Hope_not_Hate" title="Hope not Hate">Hope not Hate</a>, BitChute "actively promotes" content which was removed from other platforms as <a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">hate speech</a>. Hope not Hate also documented videos hosted on BitChute supporting or produced by terrorist groups, including <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">ISIS</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Nazi">neo-Nazi</a> groups <a href="/wiki/National_Action_(UK)" title="National Action (UK)">National Action</a> and <a href="/wiki/Atomwaffen_Division" title="Atomwaffen Division">Atomwaffen Division</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dearden_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dearden-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hnh_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hnh-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A June 2020 report from British Jewish group Community Security Trust said that some terrorist videos had been on the site for over a year, and that BitChute only removes this content when forced to.<sup id="cite_ref-townsend_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-townsend-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An academic analysis published in July 2020 using a <a href="/wiki/Data_set" title="Data set">data set</a> gathered in 2019 over five months found that BitChute had more hate speech than Gab, but less than 4chan. It found that only a small group of channels on the network had any meaningful engagement, almost all of which pushed conspiracy- and hate-laden content. Like the research from Hope not Hate, this analysis found content promoting the Atomwaffen Division posted to BitChute, including a recruitment video.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The neo-Nazi propaganda film <i><a href="/wiki/Europa:_The_Last_Battle" title="Europa: The Last Battle">Europa: The Last Battle</a></i> has been uploaded to multiple BitChute channels.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>BitChute's founder Ray Vahey has described BitChute as "politically neutral".<sup id="cite_ref-Blake_2018_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blake_2018-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hope Not Hate wrote in their 2020 report that "in actuality, the company chooses to almost exclusively promote content and producers that engage in hate speech and harmful misinformation" and that the "vile and dangerous content that abounds on BitChute is a result of deliberate decisions on the part of their founder and team".<sup id="cite_ref-hnh_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hnh-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Bellingcat</i> reported in 2021 that Vahey used the platform's Twitter account to promote <a href="/wiki/Antisemitic_canard" class="mw-redirect" title="Antisemitic canard">antisemitic conspiracy theories</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">COVID-19 misinformation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/QAnon" title="QAnon">QAnon</a> content.<sup id="cite_ref-Bellingcat-2021_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bellingcat-2021-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>BitChute is part of a group of "<a href="/wiki/Alt-tech" title="Alt-tech">alt-tech</a>" websites that position themselves as less strictly-moderated alternatives to mainstream social media platforms like YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter.<sup id="cite_ref-Quartz_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quartz-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Freelon-science_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freelon-science-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deen Freelon and colleagues writing in <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i> characterised BitChute as among the alt-tech sites that are "dedicated to right-wing communities", and listed the site along with <a href="/wiki/4chan" title="4chan">4chan</a>, <a href="/wiki/8chan" title="8chan">8chan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parler" title="Parler">Parler</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gab_(social_network)" title="Gab (social network)">Gab</a>. They noted there are also more ideologically neutral alt-tech platforms, such as <a href="/wiki/Discord_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Discord (software)">Discord</a> and <a href="/wiki/Telegram_(software)" title="Telegram (software)">Telegram</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Freelon-science_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freelon-science-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Joe Mulhall of the UK anti-racism group Hope Not Hate has categorised BitChute among the "bespoke platforms" for the far-right, which he defines as platforms which were created by people who themselves have "far-right leanings". He distinguishes these from "co-opted platforms" such as <a href="/wiki/DLive" title="DLive">DLive</a> and Telegram, which were adopted by the far-right due to minimal moderation but not specifically created for their use.<sup id="cite_ref-Bellingcat-2021_15-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bellingcat-2021-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some creators who have been banned from YouTube or had their channels demonetised subsequently migrated to BitChute.<sup id="cite_ref-Daro_2019_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daro_2019-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The far-right conspiracy theory channel <i><a href="/wiki/InfoWars" class="mw-redirect" title="InfoWars">InfoWars</a></i> migrated to BitChute after being banned by YouTube in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-Schroeder_2019_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schroeder_2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other creators maintain a presence on YouTube and on BitChute, and some post more extreme content on BitChute while using YouTube for less extreme material.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prominent far-right and <a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">alt-right</a> video creators who have cross-posted to both YouTube and BitChute include <a href="/wiki/Lauren_Southern" title="Lauren Southern">Lauren Southern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Molyneux" title="Stefan Molyneux">Stefan Molyneux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Millennial_Woes" title="Millennial Woes">Millennial Woes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Joseph_Watson" title="Paul Joseph Watson">Paul Joseph Watson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Daro_2019_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daro_2019-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tani_2017_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tani_2017-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Alexander_2019_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexander_2019-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The platform also hosts <a href="/wiki/Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Misinformation related to the COVID-19 pandemic">misinformation related to the COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dearden_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dearden-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The conspiracy theory video <i><a href="/wiki/Plandemic" title="Plandemic">Plandemic</a></i> has been viewed on BitChute millions of times after having been removed from other platforms for spreading medically harmful misinformation.<sup id="cite_ref-lytvynenko_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lytvynenko-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hnh_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hnh-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Model">Model</h2></div> <p>BitChute does not rely on advertising, and users can send payments to video creators directly.<sup id="cite_ref-Alexander_2019_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexander_2019-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since its launch, the site has promoted its use of the <a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer" title="Peer-to-peer">peer-to-peer</a> technology <a href="/wiki/WebTorrent" title="WebTorrent">WebTorrent</a> as a means to <a href="/wiki/Decentralized_computing" title="Decentralized computing">decentralise</a> hosting and reduce costs.<sup id="cite_ref-torrentfreak2_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-torrentfreak2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> BitChute allows creators to monetise the videos they publish on the platform by linking to fundraising websites including SubscribeStar, PayPal, and <a href="/wiki/Cryptocurrency" title="Cryptocurrency">cryptocurrency</a> processors. Although PayPal banned BitChute themselves from using their service, BitChute still links to PayPal pages for creators who choose to use them.<sup id="cite_ref-Bellingcat-2021_15-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bellingcat-2021-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At launch, the site claimed it was using peer-to-peer WebTorrent technology.<sup id="cite_ref-torrentfreak2_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-torrentfreak2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, a November 2019 report by <a href="/wiki/Fredrick_Brennan" title="Fredrick Brennan">Fredrick Brennan</a>, published in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Dot" title="The Daily Dot">The Daily Dot</a></i>, failed to find any evidence of peer-to-peer data transfer in BitChute's videos.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All videos Brennan downloaded came directly from BitChute's servers, with no part of the videos received from peers. According to Brennan, <a href="/wiki/Magnet_link" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnet link">magnet links</a> on the site do not work. Brennan challenged BitChute's use of the word "delist" to describe deplatforming users, saying that the wording is misleading in that it makes BitChute seem falsely similar to BitTorrent (where a site maintains one "list" of content, but independent <a href="/wiki/BitTorrent_tracker" title="BitTorrent tracker">trackers</a> may be created as well), when in reality BitChute is just deleting a user's videos from the BitChute site.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i><a href="/wiki/Ars_Technica" title="Ars Technica">Ars Technica</a></i> in April 2021, the option to host videos using WebTorrent on BitChute "appears to have been deprecated".<sup id="cite_ref-:2_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alt-tech" title="Alt-tech">Alt-tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_video_hosting_services" title="Comparison of video hosting services">Comparison of video hosting services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_online_video_platforms" title="List of online video platforms">List of online video platforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PeerTube" title="PeerTube">PeerTube</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-far-right-group-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-far-right-group_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-far-right-group_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Known for accommodating far-right individuals and conspiracy theorists<sup id="cite_ref-Daro_2019_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daro_2019-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schroeder_2019_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schroeder_2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tani_2017_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tani_2017-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Quartz_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quartz-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dearden_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dearden-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-townsend_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-townsend-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hateful-material-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hateful-material_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Known for hosting hateful material<sup id="cite_ref-Freelon-science_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freelon-science-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dearden_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dearden-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hayden_2019_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hayden_2019-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ADL_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ADL-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hnh_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hnh-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bellingcat-2021_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bellingcat-2021-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-torrentfreak2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-torrentfreak2_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-torrentfreak2_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-torrentfreak2_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-torrentfreak2_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-torrentfreak2_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMaxwell2017" class="citation news cs1">Maxwell, Andy (29 January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://torrentfreak.com/bitchute-is-a-bittorrent-powered-youtube-alternative-170129/">"BitChute is a BitTorrent-Powered YouTube Alternative"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/TorrentFreak" title="TorrentFreak">TorrentFreak</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Inside+the+UK-based+site+that+has+become+the+far+right%27s+YouTube&rft.date=2020-07-22&rft.aulast=Dearden&rft.aufirst=Lizzie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fhome-news%2Fbitchute-far-right-youtube-neo-nazi-terrorism-videos-a9632981.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitChute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Daro_2019-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Daro_2019_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Daro_2019_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Daro_2019_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Daro_2019_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDaroLytvynenko2018" class="citation news cs1">Daro, Ishmael N.; Lytvynenko, Jane (18 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.buzzfeed.com/ishmaeldaro/right-wing-youtube-alternative-platforms">"Right-Wing YouTubers Think It's Only A Matter Of Time Before They Get Kicked Off The Site"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BuzzFeed_News" title="BuzzFeed News">BuzzFeed News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180705121420/https://www.buzzfeed.com/ishmaeldaro/right-wing-youtube-alternative-platforms">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BuzzFeed+News&rft.atitle=Right-Wing+YouTubers+Think+It%27s+Only+A+Matter+Of+Time+Before+They+Get+Kicked+Off+The+Site&rft.date=2018-04-18&rft.aulast=Daro&rft.aufirst=Ishmael+N.&rft.au=Lytvynenko%2C+Jane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buzzfeed.com%2Fishmaeldaro%2Fright-wing-youtube-alternative-platforms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitChute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tani_2017-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tani_2017_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tani_2017_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTani2017" class="citation news cs1">Tani, Maxwell (22 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/far-right-tech-platforms-gab-youtube-bitchute-2017-9?r=US&IR=T">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'There's no one for right-wingers to pick a fight with': The far right is struggling to sustain interest in its social media platforms"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171208231540/http://uk.businessinsider.com/far-right-tech-platforms-gab-youtube-bitchute-2017-9?r=US&IR=T">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=%27There%27s+no+one+for+right-wingers+to+pick+a+fight+with%27%3A+The+far+right+is+struggling+to+sustain+interest+in+its+social+media+platforms&rft.date=2017-09-22&rft.aulast=Tani&rft.aufirst=Maxwell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Ffar-right-tech-platforms-gab-youtube-bitchute-2017-9%3Fr%3DUS%26IR%3DT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitChute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRobertson2017" class="citation web cs1">Robertson, Adi (9 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2017/10/9/16446920/internet-ban-nazis-white-supremacist-hosting-providers-charlottesville">"Two months ago, the internet tried to banish Nazis. No one knows if it worked"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180404073119/https://www.theverge.com/2017/10/9/16446920/internet-ban-nazis-white-supremacist-hosting-providers-charlottesville">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Two+months+ago%2C+the+internet+tried+to+banish+Nazis.+No+one+knows+if+it+worked&rft.date=2017-10-09&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=Adi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2017%2F10%2F9%2F16446920%2Finternet-ban-nazis-white-supremacist-hosting-providers-charlottesville&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitChute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Quartz-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Quartz_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quartz_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLivni2019" class="citation web cs1">Livni, Ephrat (12 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qz.com/1617824/twitter-facebook-bans-send-alt-right-to-gab-and-telegram/">"Twitter, Facebook, and Insta bans send the alt-right to Gab and Telegram"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Quartz_(publication)" title="Quartz (publication)">Quartz</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190524011611/https://qz.com/1617824/twitter-facebook-bans-send-alt-right-to-gab-and-telegram/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2019</span>. <q>The far right have plenty of places to go when they are no longer welcome on mainstream platforms—like Parler, Minds, MeWe, and BitChute, among others.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Quartz&rft.atitle=Twitter%2C+Facebook%2C+and+Insta+bans+send+the+alt-right+to+Gab+and+Telegram&rft.date=2019-05-12&rft.aulast=Livni&rft.aufirst=Ephrat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fqz.com%2F1617824%2Ftwitter-facebook-bans-send-alt-right-to-gab-and-telegram%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitChute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-townsend-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-townsend_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-townsend_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDowardTownsend2020" class="citation news cs1">Doward, Jamie; Townsend, Mark (28 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/jun/28/the-uk-social-media-platform-where-neo-nazis-can-view-terror-atrocities">"The UK social media platform where neo-Nazis can view terror atrocities"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0029-7712">0029-7712</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200813120901/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/jun/28/the-uk-social-media-platform-where-neo-nazis-can-view-terror-atrocities">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Southern+Poverty+Law+Center&rft.atitle=A+Problem+of+Epik+Proportions&rft.date=2019-01-11&rft.aulast=Hayden&rft.aufirst=Michael+Edison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.splcenter.org%2Fhatewatch%2F2019%2F01%2F11%2Fproblem-epik-proportions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitChute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ADL-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ADL_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ADL_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adl.org/blog/bitchute-a-hotbed-of-hate">"BitChute: A Hotbed of Hate"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League" title="Anti-Defamation League">Anti-Defamation League</a></i>. 31 August 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200904013201/https://www.adl.org/blog/bitchute-a-hotbed-of-hate">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Anti-Defamation+League&rft.atitle=BitChute%3A+A+Hotbed+of+Hate&rft.date=2020-08-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adl.org%2Fblog%2Fbitchute-a-hotbed-of-hate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitChute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hnh-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hnh_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hnh_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hnh_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hnh_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavis2020" class="citation web cs1">Davis, Gregory (20 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hopenothate.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/BitChute-Report_2020-07-v2.pdf">"Bitchute: Platforming Hate and Terror in the UK"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hope_not_Hate" title="Hope not Hate">Hope not Hate</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200808024304/https://www.hopenothate.org.uk/2020/07/20/bitchute-platforming-hate-and-terror-in-the-uk/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hope+not+Hate&rft.atitle=Bitchute%3A+Platforming+Hate+and+Terror+in+the+UK&rft.date=2020-07-20&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hopenothate.org.uk%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F07%2FBitChute-Report_2020-07-v2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitChute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bellingcat-2021-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bellingcat-2021_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bellingcat-2021_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bellingcat-2021_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bellingcat-2021_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bellingcat-2021_15-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bellingcat-2021_15-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bellingcat-2021_15-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bellingcat-2021_15-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAndrewsPym2021" class="citation web cs1">Andrews, Frank; Pym, Ambrose (24 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bellingcat.com/news/uk-and-europe/2021/02/24/the-websites-sustaining-britains-far-right-influencers/">"The Websites Sustaining Britain's Far-Right Influencers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bellingcat" title="Bellingcat">Bellingcat</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224170204/https://www.bellingcat.com/news/uk-and-europe/2021/02/24/the-websites-sustaining-britains-far-right-influencers/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bellingcat&rft.atitle=The+Websites+Sustaining+Britain%27s+Far-Right+Influencers&rft.date=2021-02-24&rft.aulast=Andrews&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft.au=Pym%2C+Ambrose&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bellingcat.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-and-europe%2F2021%2F02%2F24%2Fthe-websites-sustaining-britains-far-right-influencers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitChute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSiapera2023" class="citation journal cs1">Siapera, Eugenia (24 July 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F02673231231189041">"Alt Tech and the public sphere: Exploring Bitchute as a political media infrastructure"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/European_Journal_of_Communication" title="European Journal of Communication">European Journal of Communication</a></i>. <b>38</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">446–</span>465. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F02673231231189041">10.1177/02673231231189041</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0267-3231">0267-3231</a>. <q>In addition, the platform hosts more extreme content, including overtly misogynist, racist and supremacist channels. For example, the antisemitic and neo-Nazi film Europa – the Last Battle (2017), a 10-h film which is banned from YouTube, is found across several Bitchute channels.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Communication&rft.atitle=Alt+Tech+and+the+public+sphere%3A+Exploring+Bitchute+as+a+political+media+infrastructure&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E446-%3C%2Fspan%3E465&rft.date=2023-07-24&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F02673231231189041&rft.issn=0267-3231&rft.aulast=Siapera&rft.aufirst=Eugenia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1177%252F02673231231189041&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitChute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTrujilloGruppiBuntainHorne2020" class="citation book cs1">Trujillo, Milo; Gruppi, Maurício; Buntain, Cody; Horne, Benjamin D. (13 July 2020). "What is BitChute?: Characterizing the". <i>Proceedings of the 31st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media</i>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">139–</span>140. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.01984">2004.01984</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F3372923.3404833">10.1145/3372923.3404833</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781450370981" title="Special:BookSources/9781450370981"><bdi>9781450370981</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:220434725">220434725</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=What+is+BitChute%3F%3A+Characterizing+the&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+31st+ACM+Conference+on+Hypertext+and+Social+Media&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E139-%3C%2Fspan%3E140&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.date=2020-07-13&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F2004.01984&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A220434725%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F3372923.3404833&rft.isbn=9781450370981&rft.aulast=Trujillo&rft.aufirst=Milo&rft.au=Gruppi%2C+Maur%C3%ADcio&rft.au=Buntain%2C+Cody&rft.au=Horne%2C+Benjamin+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitChute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrennan2019" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Fredrick_Brennan" title="Fredrick Brennan">Brennan, Fredrick</a> (27 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailydot.com/layer8/bitchute-decentralization-claims/">"Bitchute claims to be a decentralized platform—that's not true"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Dot" title="The Daily Dot">The Daily Dot</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191128071754/https://www.dailydot.com/layer8/bitchute-decentralization-claims/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Dot&rft.atitle=Bitchute+claims+to+be+a+decentralized+platform%E2%80%94that%27s+not+true&rft.date=2019-11-27&rft.aulast=Brennan&rft.aufirst=Fredrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailydot.com%2Flayer8%2Fbitchute-decentralization-claims%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitChute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChant2021" class="citation web cs1">Chant, Tim De (29 April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2021/04/conspiracy-theorist-said-death-threats-were-jokes-but-jury-didnt-buy-it/">"Conspiracy theorist said death threats were "jokes"—but jury didn't buy it"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ars_Technica" title="Ars Technica">Ars Technica</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210429172837/https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2021/04/conspiracy-theorist-said-death-threats-were-jokes-but-jury-didnt-buy-it/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=Conspiracy+theorist+said+death+threats+were+%22jokes%22%E2%80%94but+jury+didn%27t+buy+it&rft.date=2021-04-29&rft.aulast=Chant&rft.aufirst=Tim+De&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Ftech-policy%2F2021%2F04%2Fconspiracy-theorist-said-death-threats-were-jokes-but-jury-didnt-buy-it%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitChute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-house-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-house_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/10637289">"Bit Chute Limited — Overview"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Companies_House" title="Companies House">Companies House</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191209110543/https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/10637289">Archived</a> from the original on 9 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Companies+House&rft.atitle=Bit+Chute+Limited+%E2%80%94+Overview&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbeta.companieshouse.gov.uk%2Fcompany%2F10637289&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitChute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.bitchute.com/policy/terms">"BitChute — Terms & Conditions"</a>. BitChute. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200815031643/https://support.bitchute.com/policy/terms/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BitChute+%E2%80%94+Terms+%26+Conditions&rft.pub=BitChute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsupport.bitchute.com%2Fpolicy%2Fterms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitChute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180303222825/https://www.bitchute.com/hashtag/rap">"BitChute"</a>. Archived from the original on 3 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BitChute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bitchute.com%2Fhashtag%2Frap&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitChute" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span> (pop-up notice)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alexander_2019-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Alexander_2019_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alexander_2019_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alexander_2019_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlexander2018" class="citation web cs1">Alexander, Julia (7 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.polygon.com/2018/3/7/17087668/steemit-dtube-bitchute-youtube-purge">"Controversial YouTubers head to alternative platforms in wake of 'purge'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Polygon_(website)" title="Polygon (website)">Polygon</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190504061655/https://www.polygon.com/2018/3/7/17087668/steemit-dtube-bitchute-youtube-purge">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Polygon&rft.atitle=Controversial+YouTubers+head+to+alternative+platforms+in+wake+of+%27purge%27&rft.date=2018-03-07&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.polygon.com%2F2018%2F3%2F7%2F17087668%2Fsteemit-dtube-bitchute-youtube-purge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitChute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blake_2018-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Blake_2018_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blake_2018_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blake_2018_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBlake2018" class="citation news cs1">Blake, Andrew (14 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/nov/14/bitchute-youtube-alternative-cries-foul-over-appar/">"BitChute, YouTube alternative, cries foul over apparent punt from PayPal"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Times" title="The Washington Times">The Washington Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181127015719/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/nov/14/bitchute-youtube-alternative-cries-foul-over-appar/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="/wiki/Template:Alt-right_footer" title="Template:Alt-right footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alt-right_footer" title="Template talk:Alt-right footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alt-right_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alt-right footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alt-right115" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">Alt-right</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Ideas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Core</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_nationalism" title="American nationalism">American nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antifeminism" title="Antifeminism">Antifeminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration" title="Opposition to immigration">Anti-immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Blood_and_soil" title="Blood and soil">Blood and soil</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_racism" title="Cultural racism">Cultural racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Words" title="Fourteen Words">Fourteen Words</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_skin" title="Ghost skin">Ghost skin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_politics_in_the_United_States" title="Gun politics in the United States">Gun rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">Homophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_rate_of_natural_increase" title="List of countries by rate of natural increase">Increase in birth rates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isolationism" title="Isolationism">Isolationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiverfull" title="Quiverfull">Large families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativism_(politics)" title="Nativism (politics)">Nativism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">Protectionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Right-wing populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">Transphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_ethnostate" title="White ethnostate">White ethnostate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">White nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White supremacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">Xenophobia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Conspiracy <br />theories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Marxism_conspiracy_theory" title="Cultural Marxism conspiracy theory">Cultural Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurabia_conspiracy_theory" title="Eurabia conspiracy theory">Eurabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Soros#Conspiracy_theories_and_threats" title="George Soros">George Soros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Replacement_conspiracy_theory" title="Great Replacement conspiracy theory">Great Replacement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_agenda" title="Gay agenda">Homosexual agenda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalergi_Plan" title="Kalergi Plan">Kalergi Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Seth_Rich" title="Murder of Seth Rich">Murder of Seth Rich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_Order_conspiracy_theory" title="New World Order conspiracy theory">New World Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizzagate_conspiracy_theory" title="Pizzagate conspiracy theory">Pizzagate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Liberty_incident" title="USS Liberty incident">USS <i>Liberty</i> incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">White genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_Occupation_Government_conspiracy_theory" title="Zionist Occupation Government conspiracy theory">Zionist Occupation Government</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accelerationism" title="Accelerationism">Accelerationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt-lite" title="Alt-lite">Alt-lite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt-right_pipeline" title="Alt-right pipeline">Alt-right pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_media_(U.S._political_right)" title="Alternative media (U.S. political right)">Alternative media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boogaloo_movement" title="Boogaloo movement">Boogaloo movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Identity" title="Christian Identity">Christian Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creativity_(religion)" title="Creativity (religion)">Creativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DezNat" title="DezNat">DezNat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_fascism" title="Donald Trump and fascism">Donald Trump and fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnofuturism" title="Ethnofuturism">Ethnofuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">Holocaust denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identitarian_movement" title="Identitarian movement">Identitarian movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incel" title="Incel">Incel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinism" title="Kinism">Kinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manosphere" title="Manosphere">Manosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men_Going_Their_Own_Way" title="Men Going Their Own Way">Men Going Their Own Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAGA_Communism" title="MAGA Communism">MAGA Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_black_metal" title="National Socialist black metal">National Socialist black metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Confederates" title="Neo-Confederates">Neo-Confederates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-fascism" title="Neo-fascism">Neo-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-nationalism" title="Neo-nationalism">Neo-nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">Neo-Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territorial_Imperative" title="Northwest Territorial Imperative">Northwest Territorial Imperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)#Racial_issues" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">Nordic racial paganism/Odalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_Droite" title="Nouvelle Droite">Nouvelle Droite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoconservatism" title="Paleoconservatism">Paleoconservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleolibertarianism" title="Paleolibertarianism">Paleolibertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QAnon" title="QAnon">QAnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_right_(United_States)" title="Radical right (United States)">Radical right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionary" title="Reactionary">Reactionary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Enlightenment" title="Dark Enlightenment">Dark Enlightenment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Position" title="Third Position">Third Position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultraconservatism" title="Ultraconservatism">Ultraconservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_jihad" title="White jihad">White jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Lives_Matter" title="White Lives Matter">White Lives Matter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Online<br />culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Alt-tech" title="Alt-tech">Alt-tech</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4chan" title="4chan">4chan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki//pol/" title="/pol/">/pol/</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8chan" title="8chan">8chan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">BitChute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epik" title="Epik">Epik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gab_(social_network)" title="Gab (social network)">Gab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gettr" title="Gettr">Gettr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minds_(social_network)" title="Minds (social network)">Minds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parler" title="Parler">Parler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorgram" title="Terrorgram">Terrorgram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truth_Social" title="Truth Social">Truth Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voat" title="Voat">Voat</a> (defunct)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Websites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Renaissance_(magazine)" title="American Renaissance (magazine)">American Renaissance</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Breitbart_News" title="Breitbart News">Breitbart News</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Stormer" title="The Daily Stormer">The Daily Stormer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Infowars" title="Infowars">Infowars</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Identity_Ministries" title="Kingdom Identity Ministries">Kingdom Identity Ministries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuruc.info" title="Kuruc.info">Kuruc.info</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapedia" title="Metapedia">Metapedia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Occidental_Observer" title="Occidental Observer">Occidental Observer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Occidental_Quarterly" title="The Occidental Quarterly">The Occidental Quarterly</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rebel_News" title="Rebel News">Rebel News</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Ice" title="Red Ice">Red Ice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R/The_Donald" title="R/The Donald">Reddit (r/The_Donald)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_(blog)" title="The Right Stuff (blog)">The Right Stuff</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/StoneToss" title="StoneToss">StoneToss</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stormfront_(website)" title="Stormfront (website)">Stormfront</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/TruNews" title="TruNews">TruNews</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_News_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanguard News Network">Vanguard News Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VDARE" title="VDARE">VDARE</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/WorldNetDaily" title="WorldNetDaily">WorldNetDaily</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Memes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Basket_of_deplorables" title="Basket of deplorables">Basket of deplorables</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Alpha_and_beta_male" title="Alpha and beta male">Beta male</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countryballs" title="Countryballs">Countryballs</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cuckservative" title="Cuckservative">Cuckservative</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashwave" class="mw-redirect" title="Fashwave">Fashwave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happy_Merchant" title="Happy Merchant">Happy Merchant</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/It%27s_okay_to_be_white" title="It's okay to be white">It's okay to be white</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Tonight#Moon_Man" title="Mac Tonight">Moon Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPC_(meme)" title="NPC (meme)">NPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OK_gesture" title="OK gesture">OK gesture</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Owning_the_libs" title="Owning the libs">Owning the libs</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepe_the_Frog" title="Pepe the Frog">Pepe the Frog</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Red_pill_and_blue_pill" title="Red pill and blue pill">Red pill and blue pill</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Wing_Death_Squad" title="Right Wing Death Squad">Right Wing Death Squad</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Serbia_Strong" title="Serbia Strong">Remove Kebab</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Shadilay" title="Shadilay">Shadilay</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Snowflake_(slang)" title="Snowflake (slang)">Snowflake</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Social_justice_warrior" title="Social justice warrior">Social justice warrior</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trash_Doves" title="Trash Doves">Trash Doves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_parentheses" title="Triple parentheses">Triple parentheses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undercut_(hairstyle)" title="Undercut (hairstyle)">Undercut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AltRight_Corporation" title="AltRight Corporation">AltRight Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Freedom_Party" title="American Freedom Party">American Freedom Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Communist_Action" title="Anti-Communist Action">Anti-Communist Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipodean_Resistance" title="Antipodean Resistance">Antipodean Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomwaffen_Division" title="Atomwaffen Division">Atomwaffen Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Base_(hate_group)" title="The Base (hate group)">The Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deplorable_Pride" title="Deplorable Pride">Deplorable Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diagolon" title="Diagolon">Diagolon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groypers" title="Groypers">Groypers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundred-Handers_(group)" title="Hundred-Handers (group)">Hundred-Handers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_Evropa" title="Identity Evropa">Identity Evropa</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identit%C3%A4re_Bewegung_%C3%96sterreich" title="Identitäre Bewegung Österreich">Identitarian Movement of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lads_Society" title="Lads Society">Lads Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Identitaires" title="Les Identitaires">Les Identitaires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Forum_(far-right_group)" title="London Forum (far-right group)">London Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Justice_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Justice Party (United States)">National Justice Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Policy_Institute" title="National Policy Institute">National Policy Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Century_Foundation" title="New Century Foundation">New Century Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Front" title="Patriot Front">Patriot Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Prayer" title="Patriot Prayer">Patriot Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proud_Boys" title="Proud Boys">Proud Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rise_Above_Movement" title="Rise Above Movement">Rise Above Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Worker_Party" title="Traditionalist Worker Party">Traditionalist Worker Party</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_America" title="Vanguard America">Vanguard America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Summit_Publishers" title="Washington Summit Publishers">Washington Summit Publishers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolves_of_Vinland" title="Wolves of Vinland">Wolves of Vinland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Berkeley_protests" title="2017 Berkeley protests">Berkeley protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comicsgate" title="Comicsgate">Comicsgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeploraBall" title="DeploraBall">DeploraBall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/End_Domestic_Terrorism_rally" title="End Domestic Terrorism rally">End Domestic Terrorism rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamergate_(harassment_campaign)" title="Gamergate (harassment campaign)">Gamergate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Macron_e-mail_leaks" title="2017 Macron e-mail leaks">Macron e-mail leaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Right_rally" title="Unite the Right rally">Unite the Right rally</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Right_2" title="Unite the Right 2">Unite the Right 2</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Attacks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assault_of_DeAndre_Harris" title="Assault of DeAndre Harris">Assault of DeAndre Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Buffalo_shooting" title="2022 Buffalo shooting">Buffalo shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston_church_shooting" title="Charleston church shooting">Charleston church shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlottesville_car_attack" title="Charlottesville car attack">Charlottesville car attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch_mosque_shootings" title="Christchurch mosque shootings">Christchurch mosque shootings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_El_Paso_Walmart_shooting" title="2019 El Paso Walmart shooting">El Paso shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Blaze_Bernstein" title="Murder of Blaze Bernstein">Murder of Blaze Bernstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Timothy_Caughman" title="Murder of Timothy Caughman">Murder of Timothy Caughman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_synagogue_shooting" title="Pittsburgh synagogue shooting">Pittsburgh synagogue shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Portland_train_attack" title="2017 Portland train attack">Portland train attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Atomwaffen_Division_members_in_the_United_States_who_faced_criminal_charges" title="List of Atomwaffen Division members in the United States who faced criminal charges">List of Atomwaffen Division members in the United States who faced criminal charges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_activities_involving_the_Proud_Boys" title="Timeline of activities involving the Proud Boys">Timeline of activities involving the Proud Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_crimes_involving_the_Order_of_Nine_Angles" title="Timeline of crimes involving the Order of Nine Angles">Timeline of crimes involving the Order of Nine Angles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Allsup" title="James Allsup">James Allsup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Anglin" title="Andrew Anglin">Andrew Anglin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weev" title="Weev">Andrew "weev" Auernheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Bannon" title="Steve Bannon">Steve Bannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vox_Day" title="Vox Day">Theodore "Vox Day" Beale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Benjamin" title="Carl Benjamin">Carl "Sargon of Akkad" Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Benjamin" title="Owen Benjamin">Owen Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Black_(white_supremacist)" title="Don Black (white supremacist)">Don Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Brimelow" title="Peter Brimelow">Peter Brimelow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Cantwell" title="Christopher Cantwell">Christopher Cantwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Cernovich" title="Mike Cernovich">Mike Cernovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_de_Benoist" title="Alain de Benoist">Alain de Benoist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Derbyshire" title="John Derbyshire">John Derbyshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Donovan" title="Jack Donovan">Jack Donovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Duke" title="David Duke">David Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Enoch" title="Mike Enoch">Mike Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Faye" title="Guillaume Faye">Guillaume Faye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haakon_Forwald" title="Haakon Forwald">Haakon Forwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Friberg" title="Daniel Friberg">Daniel Friberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Fuentes" title="Nick Fuentes">Nick Fuentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Gari%C3%A9py" title="Jean-François Gariépy">Jean-François Gariépy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Garrison" title="Ben Garrison">Ben Garrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Sol_Invictus" title="Augustus Sol Invictus">Austin "Augustus Sol Invictus" Gillespie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baked_Alaska_(influencer)" title="Baked Alaska (influencer)">Tim "Baked Alaska" Gionet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_Goldy" title="Faith Goldy">Faith Goldy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gottfried" title="Paul Gottfried">Paul Gottfried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Paul_Hasson" title="Christopher Paul Hasson">Christopher Paul Hasson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Heimbach" title="Matthew Heimbach">Matthew Heimbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_A._Hoffman_II" title="Michael A. Hoffman II">Michael A. Hoffman II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Hyde" title="Sam Hyde">Sam Hyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dillon_Irizarry" title="Dillon Irizarry">Dillon Irizarry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_C._Johnson" title="Charles C. Johnson">Charles C. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Johnson_(white_nationalist)" title="Greg Johnson (white nationalist)">Greg Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Daniel_Johnson" title="William Daniel Johnson">William Daniel Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Jones" title="Alex Jones">Alex Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_J._Jones" title="Arthur J. Jones">Arthur J. Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Jorjani" title="Jason Jorjani">Jason Jorjani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruuben_Kaalep" title="Ruuben Kaalep">Ruuben Kaalep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Kawcyznski" title="Tom Kawcyznski">Tom Kawcyznski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Kessler" title="Jason Kessler">Jason Kessler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Murray_(author)" title="Douglas Murray (author)">Douglas Murray </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_King" title="Steve King">Steve King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliott_Kline" title="Elliott Kline">Elliott Kline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Land" title="Nick Land">Nick Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Linder" title="Alex Linder">Alex Linder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Little_(Neo-Nazi)" title="Patrick Little (Neo-Nazi)">Patrick Little</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lana_Lokteff" title="Lana Lokteff">Lana Lokteff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Loomer" title="Laura Loomer">Laura Loomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Lowell" title="Norman Lowell">Norman Lowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_MacDonald_(evolutionary_psychologist)" title="Kevin MacDonald (evolutionary psychologist)">Kevin MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_MacKenzie_(activist)" title="Jeremy MacKenzie (activist)">Jeremy MacKenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mason_(neo-Nazi)" title="James Mason (neo-Nazi)">James Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_McNallen" title="Stephen McNallen">Stephen McNallen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merlin_Miller" title="Merlin Miller">Merlin Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Miller_(political_advisor)" title="Stephen Miller (political advisor)">Stephen Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Molyneux" title="Stefan Molyneux">Stefan Molyneux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Nehlen" title="Paul Nehlen">Paul Nehlen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GypsyCrusader" title="GypsyCrusader">Paul "GypsyCrusader" Nicholas Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raw_Egg_Nationalist" title="Raw Egg Nationalist">Raw Egg Nationalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethan_Nordean" title="Ethan Nordean">Ethan Nordean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Posobiec" title="Jack Posobiec">Jack Posobiec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_Pervert" title="Bronze Age Pervert">Bronze Age Pervert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ray_Ramsey" title="Paul Ray Ramsey">Paul Ray Ramsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Regnery_II" title="William Regnery II">William Regnery II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Renshaw_(neo-Nazi)" title="Jack Renshaw (neo-Nazi)">Jack Renshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennial_Woes" title="Millennial Woes">Colin "Millennial Woes" Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Rousseau" title="Thomas Rousseau">Thomas Rousseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Sailer" title="Steve Sailer">Steve Sailer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Sellner" title="Martin Sellner">Martin Sellner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sewell_(neo-Nazi)" title="Thomas Sewell (neo-Nazi)">Thomas Sewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauren_Southern" title="Lauren Southern">Lauren Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Spencer" title="Richard B. Spencer">Richard B. Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Stevens" title="Brett Stevens">Brett Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Taylor" title="Jared Taylor">Jared Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tila_Tequila" title="Tila Tequila">Tila Tequila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosh_V" title="Roosh V">Daryush "Roosh V" Valizadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes">Varg Vikernes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Joseph_Watson" title="Paul Joseph Watson">Paul Joseph Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucian_Wintrich" title="Lucian Wintrich">Lucian Wintrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Yarvin" title="Curtis Yarvin">Curtis Yarvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo_Yiannopoulos" title="Milo Yiannopoulos">Milo Yiannopoulos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_alt-right" title="Responses to the alt-right">Opposition<br />and<br />criticism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antifa_(United_States)" title="Antifa (United States)">Antifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destiny_(streamer)" title="Destiny (streamer)">Steven "Destiny" Bonnell II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaush" title="Vaush">Ian "Vaush" Kochinski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hbomberguy" title="Hbomberguy">Harry "Hbomberguy" Brewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innuendo_Studios" title="Innuendo Studios">Ian "Innuendo Studios" Danskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Evans_(journalist)" title="Robert Evans (journalist)">Robert Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Gorcenski" title="Emily Gorcenski">Emily Gorcenski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daryle_Lamont_Jenkins" title="Daryle Lamont Jenkins">Daryle Lamont Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Nagle" title="Angela Nagle">Angela Nagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Neiwert" title="David Neiwert">David Neiwert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaun_(YouTuber)" title="Shaun (YouTuber)">Shaun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_Tube" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophy Tube">Abigail "Philosophy Tube" Thorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ContraPoints" title="ContraPoints">Natalie "ContraPoints" Wynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Zuckerberg" title="Donna Zuckerberg">Donna Zuckerberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alt-America" title="Alt-America">Alt-America</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Angry_Goy_II" title="Angry Goy II">Angry Goy II</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Culture_Warlords" title="Culture Warlords">Culture Warlords</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_Bargain" title="Devil's Bargain">Devil's Bargain</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feels_Good_Man" title="Feels Good Man">Feels Good Man</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Don%27t_Speak_German" title="I Don't Speak German">I Don't Speak German</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/It_Came_from_Something_Awful" title="It Came from Something Awful">It Came from Something Awful</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kill_All_Normies" title="Kill All Normies">Kill All Normies</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_Fight" title="Knowledge Fight">Knowledge Fight</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/White_Right:_Meeting_the_Enemy" title="White Right: Meeting the Enemy">White Right: Meeting the Enemy</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Online_video_and_sharing_platforms170" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Video_digital_distribution_platforms" title="Template:Video digital distribution platforms"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Video_digital_distribution_platforms" title="Template talk:Video digital distribution platforms"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Video_digital_distribution_platforms" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Video digital distribution platforms"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Online_video_and_sharing_platforms170" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Online_video_platform" title="Online video platform">Online video</a> and sharing platforms</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_library" title="Digital library">Digital library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">Streaming media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_on_demand" title="Video on demand">Video on demand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Free</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/56.com" title="56.com">56.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Freevee" title="Amazon Freevee">Amazon Freevee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aparat" title="Aparat">Aparat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_TV_app" title="Apple TV app">Apple TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AcFun" title="AcFun">AcFun</a></li> <li>Aparat</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilibili" title="Bilibili">Bilibili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binge_(Bangladeshi_streaming_service)" class="mw-redirect" title="Binge (Bangladeshi streaming service)">Binge (Bangladeshi streaming service)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioscope_(Live_TV)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bioscope (Live TV)">Bioscope</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">BitChute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigo_Live" title="Bigo Live">Bigo Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bongo_BD" title="Bongo BD">Bongo BD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brightcove" title="Brightcove">Brightcove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buzznet" title="Buzznet">Buzznet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorki" title="Chorki">Chorki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHZZK" title="CHZZK">CHZZK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CloudLibrary" title="CloudLibrary">cloudLibrary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dailymotion" title="Dailymotion">Dailymotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daum_(web_portal)" title="Daum (web portal)">Daum</a></li> <li>Dtube</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dlive" class="mw-redirect" title="Dlive">Dlive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endeavor_Streaming" title="Endeavor Streaming">Endeavor Streaming</a></li> <li>Eloelo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Film_Detective" title="The Film Detective">The Film Detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FilmOn" title="FilmOn">FilmOn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flickr" title="Flickr">Flickr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fotki" title="Fotki">Fotki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Inc.#History" title="Adobe Inc.">Frame.io</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funny_or_Die" title="Funny or Die">Funny or Die</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funshion" title="Funshion">Funshion</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/GoodGame.ru" class="extiw" title="ru:GoodGame.ru">GoodGame.ru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOG.com" title="GOG.com">GOG.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoopla_(digital_media_service)" title="Hoopla (digital media service)">hoopla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_Japan#Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! Japan">GyaO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IQIYI" title="IQIYI">iQIYI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanopy" title="Kanopy">Kanopy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kick_(service)" title="Kick (service)">Kick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le.com" title="Le.com">Le</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mango_TV" title="Mango TV">Mango TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medici.tv" title="Medici.tv">Medici.tv</a></li> <li>MOVER</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MeWATCH" class="mw-redirect" title="MeWATCH">meWATCH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niconico" title="Niconico">Niconico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noggin_(brand)" title="Noggin (brand)">Noggin</a></li> <li>Namasha</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OverDrive,_Inc." title="OverDrive, Inc.">OverDrive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odnoklassniki" title="Odnoklassniki">Odnoklassniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LBRY" title="LBRY">LBRY</a>/Odysee</li> <li><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/OPENREC" class="extiw" title="ja:OPENREC">OPENREC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PeerTube" title="PeerTube">PeerTube</a></li> <li>Playeur</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PictureBox_Films" title="PictureBox Films">PictureBox Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluto_TV" title="Pluto TV">Pluto TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumble_(company)" title="Rumble (company)">Rumble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutube" title="Rutube">Rutube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SchoolTube" title="SchoolTube">SchoolTube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Showroom_(streaming_service)" title="Showroom (streaming service)">Showroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sohu" title="Sohu">Sohu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOOP" title="SOOP">SOOP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TeacherTube" title="TeacherTube">TeacherTube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teaching_Channel" title="Teaching Channel">Teaching Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telly_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Telly Inc.">Telly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ThePlatform" title="ThePlatform">thePlatform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TikTok" title="TikTok">TikTok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toffee_(streaming_service)" title="Toffee (streaming service)">Toffee</a></li> <li>Tokentube</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudou" title="Tudou">Tudou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triller" title="Triller">Triller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitch_(service)" title="Twitch (service)">Twitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TwitCasting" title="TwitCasting">TwitCasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VBox7" title="VBox7">VBox7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vimeo" title="Vimeo">Vimeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vudu" class="mw-redirect" title="Vudu">Vudu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VK_(service)" title="VK (service)">VK Video</a></li> <li>Veblr</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tencent_Video" title="Tencent Video">WeTV</a></li> <li>Wistia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xigua_Video" title="Xigua Video">Xigua Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xunlei" title="Xunlei">Xunlei Kankan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youku" title="Youku">Youku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Kids" title="YouTube Kids">Kids</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouNow" title="YouNow">YouNow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zattoo" title="Zattoo">Zattoo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rental and <br />purchase</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aha_(streaming_service)" title="Aha (streaming service)">Aha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Video" title="Amazon Prime Video">Amazon Prime Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fandango_Media" title="Fandango Media">Fandango</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fandango_at_Home" title="Fandango at Home">Fandango at Home</a></li></ul></li> <li>Google <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_TV_(service)" title="Google TV (service)">Google TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube Movies & TV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITunes_Store" title="ITunes Store">iTunes Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Movies_%26_TV" title="Microsoft Movies & TV">Microsoft Movies & TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movies_Anywhere" title="Movies Anywhere">Movies Anywhere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_eShop" title="Nintendo eShop">Nintendo eShop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakuten_TV" title="Rakuten TV">Rakuten TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Pictures_Core" title="Sony Pictures Core">Sony Pictures Core</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMC%2B" title="AMC+">AMC+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_TV%2B" title="Apple TV+">Apple TV+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binge_(Bangladeshi_streaming_service)" class="mw-redirect" title="Binge (Bangladeshi streaming service)">Binge (Bangladeshi streaming service)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioscope_(Live_TV)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bioscope (Live TV)">Bioscope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bongo_BD" title="Bongo BD">Bongo BD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorki" title="Chorki">Chorki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crunchyroll" title="Crunchyroll">Crunchyroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curiosity_Stream" title="Curiosity Stream">Curiosity Stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney%2B" title="Disney+">Disney+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESPN%2B" title="ESPN+">ESPN+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidive" title="Hidive">Hidive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulu" title="Hulu">Hulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_(streaming_service)" title="Max (streaming service)">Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount%2B" title="Paramount+">Paramount+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacock_(streaming_service)" title="Peacock (streaming service)">Peacock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluto_TV" title="Pluto TV">Pluto TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starz" title="Starz">Starz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Showtime_(TV_network)" title="Showtime (TV network)">Showtime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toffee_(streaming_service)" title="Toffee (streaming service)">Toffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubi" title="Tubi">Tubi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Freevee" title="Amazon Freevee">Amazon Freevee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azubu" title="Azubu">Azubu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Store" title="BBC Store">BBC Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blip.tv" title="Blip.tv">Blip.tv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Break.com" title="Break.com">Break.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adober_Studios" title="Adober Studios">Chicken Pork Adobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CinemaNow" title="CinemaNow">CinemaNow</a></li> 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href="/wiki/Joost" title="Joost">Joost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin.tv" title="Justin.tv">Justin.tv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazaa" title="Kazaa">Kazaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LiveLeak" title="LiveLeak">LiveLeak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LoveFilm" title="LoveFilm">LoveFilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megaupload" title="Megaupload">Megaupload</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixer_(service)" title="Mixer (service)">Mixer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MUZU.TV" title="MUZU.TV">MUZU.TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metacafe" title="Metacafe">Metacafe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MyVideo" title="MyVideo">MyVideo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wii_Menu#Nintendo_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Wii Menu">Nintendo Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Video" title="Nintendo Video">Nintendo Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovi_(Nokia)" title="Ovi (Nokia)">Nokia Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Openfilm" title="Openfilm">Openfilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Openload" title="Openload">Openload</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandora_TV" title="Pandora TV">Pandora TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Video" title="PlayStation Video">PlayStation Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7plus" title="7plus">PLUS7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presto_(streaming_company)" title="Presto (streaming company)">Presto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putlocker" title="Putlocker">Putlocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quickflix" title="Quickflix">Quickflix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redbox" title="Redbox">Redbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revver" title="Revver">Revver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smashcast" title="Smashcast">Smashcast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Connect" title="Sony Connect">Sony Connect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Entertainment_Network" title="Sony Entertainment Network">Sony Entertainment Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stage6" title="Stage6">Stage6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starlight_Networks" title="Starlight Networks">Starlight Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streamworks_International" title="Streamworks International">Streamworks International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Deluxe" title="Super Deluxe">Super Deluxe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TalkTalk_TV_Store" title="TalkTalk TV Store">TalkTalk TV Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tank_Top_TV" title="Tank Top TV">Tank Top TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TouchVision" title="TouchVision">TouchVision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trilulilu" title="Trilulilu">Trilulilu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triton_(content_delivery)" title="Triton (content delivery)">Triton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TroopTube" title="TroopTube">TroopTube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toons.TV" title="Toons.TV">Toons.TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twango" title="Twango">Twango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UltraViolet_(website)" title="UltraViolet (website)">UltraViolet</a></li> <li>Total Access <a href="/wiki/Impact_Wrestling" class="mw-redirect" title="Impact Wrestling">Impact 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