T.M.C. Asser Instituut

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Asser Press</span> </a> </div> </div> <nav class="site-menu js-site-menu"> <div class="container"> <ul class="navbar-nav"> <li class=" has-children "> <a href="/cleer/about-cleer/">About CLEER </a> <ul> <li class=" "> <a href="/cleer/about-cleer/">About CLEER </a> </li> <li class=" "> <a href="/cleer/about-cleer/governing-board/">Governing board</a> </li> <li class=" has-children"> <a href="/cleer/about-cleer/advisory-board/">Advisory Board</a> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/about-cleer/advisory-board/">Advisory Board</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/about-cleer/advisory-board/christophe-hillion/">Christophe Hillion</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/about-cleer/advisory-board/steven-blockmans/">Steven Blockmans</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/about-cleer/advisory-board/fabian-amtenbrink/">Fabian Amtenbrink</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/about-cleer/advisory-board/henri-de-waele/">Henri de Waele</a> </li> <li class=""> <a 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href="/cleer/about-cleer/cleer-network/jean-francois-brakeland/">Jean-Francois Brakeland</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/about-cleer/cleer-network/marise-cremona/">Marise Cremona</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/about-cleer/cleer-network/jenoe-czuczai/">Jenö Czuczai</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/about-cleer/cleer-network/piet-eeckhout/">Piet Eeckhout</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/about-cleer/cleer-network/frank-hoffmeister/">Frank Hoffmeister</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/about-cleer/cleer-network/stephan-keukeleire/">Stephan Keukeleire</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/about-cleer/cleer-network/jan-klabbers/">Jan Klabbers</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/about-cleer/cleer-network/adam-lazowski/">Adam Lazowski</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/about-cleer/cleer-network/marc-maresceau/">Marc Maresceau</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/about-cleer/cleer-network/bernd-martenczuk/">Bernd Martenczuk</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/about-cleer/cleer-network/miguel-poiares-maduro/">Miguel Poiares Maduro</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/about-cleer/cleer-network/valsamis-mitsilegas/">Valsamis Mitsilegas</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/about-cleer/cleer-network/frederik-naert/">Frederik Naert</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/about-cleer/cleer-network/siniša-rodin/">Siniša Rodin</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/about-cleer/cleer-network/allan-rosas/">Allan Rosas</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/about-cleer/cleer-network/daniel-thym/">Daniel Thym</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/about-cleer/cleer-network/martin-trybus/">Martin Trybus</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/about-cleer/cleer-network/peter-van-den-bossche/">Peter Van den Bossche</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/about-cleer/cleer-network/ivo-van-der-steen/">Ivo van der Steen</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/about-cleer/cleer-network/gráinne-de-búrca/">Gráinne de Búrca</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/about-cleer/cleer-network/joanne-scott/">Joanne Scott</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/about-cleer/cleer-network/machiko-kanetake/">Machiko Kanetake</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/about-cleer/cleer-network/urszula-jaremba/">Urszula Jaremba</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/about-cleer/cleer-network/florin-coman-kund/">Florin Coman-Kund</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/about-cleer/cleer-network/katja-ziegler/">Katja Ziegler</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=" "> <a href="/cleer/about-cleer/partners-of-cleer/">Partners of CLEER</a> </li> <li class=" has-children"> <a href="/cleer/about-cleer/cleer-fellows/">CLEER fellows</a> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/about-cleer/cleer-fellows/">CLEER fellows</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/about-cleer/cleer-fellows/previous-fellows/">Previous fellows</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=" "> <a href="/cleer/about-cleer/funding/">Funding</a> </li> <li class=" "> <a href="/cleer/about-cleer/become-a-community-member/">Become a community member</a> </li> <li class=" "> <a href="/cleer/about-cleer/cleer-newsletter/">CLEER newsletter</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=" has-children "> <a href="/cleer/publications/">Publications </a> <ul> <li class=" "> <a href="/cleer/publications/">Publications </a> </li> <li class=" has-children"> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/">CLEER Papers</a> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/">CLEER Papers</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-paper-20244-e-kassoti-r-a-wessel-eds/">CLEER Paper 2024/4 - E. Kassoti, R. A. Wessel (eds.)</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-paper-20243-t-verellen/">CLEER Paper 2024/3 - T. Verellen</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-paper-20242-c-berg/">CLEER Paper 2024/2 - C. Berg</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-paper-20241-p-merkouris-ra-wessel-i-tarik-de-vries-zou-eds/">CLEER Paper 2024/1 - P. Merkouris, R.A. Wessel, I. Tarik de Vries-Zou (eds.)</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-paper-20223-casolari-gatti-m-eds/">CLEER Paper 2022/3 - Casolari , Gatti M (eds)</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-paper-20222-kassoti-ott-eds/">CLEER Paper 2022/2 - Kassoti, Ott (eds.)</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-paper-20221-gnes-sormunen/">CLEER Paper 2022/1 - Gnes, Sormunen</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-paper-20202-kassoti-wessel/">CLEER Paper 2020/2 - Kassoti, Wessel</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-paper-20201-kassoti-wessel-eds/">CLEER Paper 2020/1 - Kassoti, Wessel (eds.)</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-paper-20192-hummelbrunner/">CLEER Paper 2019/2 - Hummelbrunner</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-paper-20191-furculita/">CLEER Paper 2019/1 - Furculita</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-paper-20181-van-der-loo/">CLEER Paper 2018/1 - Van der Loo</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-paper-20175-van-der-wel-wessel/">CLEER Paper 2017/5 - Van der Wel, Wessel</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-paper-20174-ott/">CLEER Paper 2017/4 - Ott</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-paper-20173-kassoti/">CLEER paper 2017/3 - Kassoti</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-paper-20172-erlbacher/">CLEER paper 2017/2 - Erlbacher</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-paper-20171-preshova-damjanovski-nechev/">CLEER paper 2017/1 - Preshova, Damjanovski, Nechev</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-paper-20165-poli-ed/">CLEER Paper 2016/5 - Poli (ed.)</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-paper-20164-kleizen/">CLEER Paper 2016/4 - Kleizen</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-paper-20163-orbie-martens-van-den-putte/">CLEER Paper 2016/3 - Orbie, Martens, Van den Putte</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-paper-20162-eckes/">CLEER Paper 2016/2 - Eckes</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-paper-20161-pantaleo-douma-takács-eds/">CLEER Paper 2016/1 - Pantaleo, Douma, Takács (eds.)</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-paper-20152-kerres-wessel/">CLEER Paper 2015/2 - Kerres, Wessel</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-paper-20151-kochenov-basheska/">CLEER Paper 2015/1 - Kochenov, Basheska</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-wp-20147-matera-taylor-eds/">CLEER WP 2014/7 - Matera, Taylor (eds.)</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-wp-20146-gonzález-alonso-ed/">CLEER WP 2014/6 - González Alonso (ed.)</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-wp-20145-matta-takács-eds/">CLEER WP 2014/5 - Matta, Takács (eds.)</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-wp-20144-erkelens/">CLEER WP 2014/4 - Erkelens</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-wp-20143-fernández-arribas/">CLEER WP 2014/3 - Fernández Arribas</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-wp-20142-herlin-karnell-matera-eds/">CLEER WP 2014/2 - Herlin-Karnell & Matera (eds.)</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-wp-20141-s-blockmans-and-c-hillion-eds/">CLEER WP 2014/1 - S. Blockmans and C. Hillion (eds.)</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-wp-20137-ott-vos-and-coman-kund/">CLEER WP 2013/7 - Ott, Vos and Coman-Kund</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-wp-20136-cremona-takács-eds/">CLEER WP 2013/6 - Cremona, Takács (eds.) </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-wp-20135-douma-van-der-velde-eds/">CLEER WP 2013/5 - Douma, Van der Velde (eds.)</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-wp-20134-takács-ott-and-dimopoulos-eds/">CLEER WP 2013/4 - Takács, Ott and Dimopoulos (eds)</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-wp-20133-fernández-arribas-pieters-and-takács-eds/">CLEER WP 2013/3 - Fernández Arribas, Pieters and Takács (eds.)</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-wp-20132-juan-santos-vara/">CLEER WP 2013/2 - Juan Santos Vara</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-wp-20131-s-blockmans-and-c-hillion-eds/">CLEER WP 2013/1 S. Blockmans and C. Hillion (eds.)</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-wp-20126-aurel-sari-and-ramses-a-wessel-eds/">CLEER WP 2012/6 - Aurel Sari and Ramses A. Wessel (eds.)</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-wp-2012-5-blockmans-wessel-eds/">CLEER WP 2012/ 5 - Blockmans & Wessel (eds.)</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-wp-20124-serrano-de-haro/">CLEER WP 2012/4 – Serrano de Haro</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-wp-20123-pech/">CLEER WP 2012/3 - Pech</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-wp-20122-blockmans/">CLEER WP 2012/2 - Blockmans</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-wp-20121-erkelens-blockmans/">CLEER WP 2012/1 - Erkelens & Blockmans</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-wp-20116-klamert/">CLEER WP 2011/6 - Klamert</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-wp-20115-larik/">CLEER WP 2011/5 - Larik</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-wp-20114-van-vooren/">CLEER WP 2011/4 - Van Vooren</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-wp-20113-koutrakos-ed/">CLEER WP 2011/3 - Koutrakos (ed.)</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-wp-20112-hoeksma/">CLEER WP 2011/2 - Hoeksma</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-wp-20111-rosas/">CLEER WP 2011/1 - Rosas</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-wp-20107-van-vooren/">CLEER WP 2010/7 - Van Vooren</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/cleer-papers/cleer-wp-20106-eckes/">CLEER WP 2010/6 - Eckes</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=" "> <a href="/cleer/publications/books/">Books</a> </li> <li class=" has-children"> <a href="/cleer/publications/relevant-publications-by-members-of-the-board/">Relevant Publications by Members of the Board </a> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/relevant-publications-by-members-of-the-board/">Relevant Publications by Members of the Board </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/relevant-publications-by-members-of-the-board/fabian-amtenbrink/">Fabian Amtenbrink </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/relevant-publications-by-members-of-the-board/steven-blockmans/">Steven Blockmans </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/relevant-publications-by-members-of-the-board/wybe-douma/">Wybe Douma </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/relevant-publications-by-members-of-the-board/christophe-hillion/">Christophe Hillion </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/relevant-publications-by-members-of-the-board/andrea-ott/">Andrea Ott</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/relevant-publications-by-members-of-the-board/ramses-wessel/">Ramses Wessel </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/publications/relevant-publications-by-members-of-the-board/enrico-partiti/">Enrico Partiti</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=" "> <a href="/cleer/publications/relevant-asser-press-publications/">Relevant Asser Press publications</a> </li> <li class=" "> <a href="/cleer/publications/research-projects/">Research projects</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="current active has-children "> <a href="/cleer/events/">Events </a> <ul> <li class="current active"> <a href="/cleer/events/">Events </a> </li> <li class=" has-children"> <a href="/cleer/events/upcoming-events/">Upcoming events</a> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/upcoming-events/">Upcoming events</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/upcoming-events/6-december-2024-tmc-asser-cleer-conference-on-general-principles-in-eus-external-relations-law/">6 December 2024: TMC Asser- CLEER Conference on General Principles in EU's External Relations Law</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/upcoming-events/14-15-november-2024-phd-workshop-the-legal-implications-of-the-eus-geopolitical-awakening/">14-15 November 2024: PhD Workshop: The Legal Implications of the EU's Geopolitical Awakening</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/upcoming-events/24-26-june-2024-9th-cleer-summer-school/">24-26 June 2024: 9th CLEER Summer School</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/upcoming-events/6-7-may-2024-phd-workshop-the-legal-implications-of-the-eus-geopolitical-awakening/">6-7 May 2024: PhD Workshop: The Legal Implications of the EU's Geopolitical Awakening</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/upcoming-events/20-october-2023-workshop-on-the-eu-and-international-diplomatic-law-and-politics-views-from-the-outside/">20 October 2023 - Workshop on the EU and International Diplomatic Law and Politics: Views from the Outside</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/upcoming-events/8th-cleer-summer-school-on-eu-external-relations-law-26-28-june-2023-online/">8th CLEER Summer School on EU External Relations Law 26-28 June 2023 (Online)</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/upcoming-events/2022-21-october-cleer-conference-the-eus-strategic-autonomy-from-a-practical-legal-perspective/">2022 - 21 October CLEER Conference The EU's Strategic Autonomy from a Practical Legal Perspective</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/upcoming-events/7th-cleer-summer-school-online-27-29-june-2022/">7th CLEER Summer School (online) 27 - 29 June 2022</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/upcoming-events/6th-cleer-summer-school-on-the-law-of-eu-external-relations-online-28-30-june-2021/">6th CLEER Summer School on the Law of EU External relations (online) - 28- 30 June 2021</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/upcoming-events/cleer-conference-on-informal-law-making-in-eu-external-relations-law-thursday-8-april-2021-online/">CLEER Conference on Informal Law-Making in EU External Relations Law - Thursday 8 April 2021 (online)</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/upcoming-events/2021-24-february-german-council-presidency-lecture/">2021 - 24 February German Council Presidency Lecture</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/upcoming-events/2020-03-march-cleer-presidency-lecture-the-finnish-eu-council-presidencys-experience-in-the-external-relations-field/">2020 - 03 March: CLEER Presidency Lecture: The Finnish EU Council Presidency's Experience in the External Relations Field</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/upcoming-events/2019-11-december-joint-cleer-esil-ig-eu-as-a-global-actor-workshop-eu-trade-agreements-and-the-duty-to-respect-human-rights-abroad/">2019 - 11 December: Joint CLEER- ESIL IG EU as a Global Actor Workshop: EU Trade Agreements and the Duty to Respect Human Rights Abroad</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="current has-children"> <a href="/cleer/events/past-events/">Past events</a> <ul> <li class="current"> <a href="/cleer/events/past-events/">Past events</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/past-events/2019-15-november-joint-university-of-leiden-cleer-brexit-policy-roundtable/">2019 - 15 November - Joint University of Leiden - CLEER Brexit Policy Roundtable</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/past-events/2019-12-september-cleer-presidency-lecture-the-romanian-eu-council-presidencys-experience-in-the-external-relations-field/">2019 - 12 September: CLEER Presidency Lecture: The Romanian EU Council Presidency's Experience in the External Relations Field</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/past-events/2019-24-28-june-5th-cleer-summer-school/">2019 - 24-28 June: 5th CLEER Summer School</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/past-events/2019-14-june-joint-university-of-leiden-europa-institute-cleer-workshop/">2019 - 14 June: Joint University of Leiden (Europa Institute) CLEER Workshop</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/past-events/2018-06-07-december-10th-anniversary-cleer-conference/">2018 - 06-07 December: 10th Anniversary CLEER Conference</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/past-events/2018-11-october-cleer-presidency-lecture-the-bulgarian-presidency-s-experience-of-the-eu-council-in-the-external-relations-field/">2018 - 11 October - CLEER Presidency Lecture: The Bulgarian Presidency’s experience of the EU Council in the external relations field</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/past-events/2018-25-29-june-4th-cleer-summer-school-on-the-law-of-eu-external-relations/">2018 - 25 - 29 June: 4th CLEER Summer School on the Law of EU External Relations</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/past-events/2018-04-april-cleer-lecture-by-andrea-ott-on-the-brexit-conundrum-stuck-between-politics-eu-and-international-law/">2018 - 04 April: CLEER Lecture by Andrea Ott on 'The Brexit conundrum: Stuck between Politics, EU and International Law'</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/past-events/2018-14-february-cleer-lecture-eu-russia-relations-in-an-era-of-sanctions/">2018 - 14 February - CLEER lecture: "EU-Russia Relations in an Era of Sanctions"</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/past-events/2017-27-june-cleer-seminar-refugee-crisis-and-eu-cooperation-with-mediterranean-states/">2017 - 27 June - CLEER Seminar - Refugee crisis and EU cooperation with Mediterranean States</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/past-events/2016-27-june-1-july-3rd-cleer-summer-school-on-eu-external-relations-law/">2016 - 27 June -1 July: 3rd CLEER Summer School on EU External Relations Law</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/past-events/2016-21-april-book-launch-foreign-policy-objectives-in-european-constitutional-law/">2016 - 21 April: Book Launch: Foreign Policy Objectives in European Constitutional Law</a> </li> <li class="current"> <a href="/cleer/events/past-events/2014-july-4-cleer-conference-using-human-security-as-a-legal-framework-to-analyse-the-common-european-asylum-system/">2014 - July 4: CLEER Conference: "Using Human Security as a legal framework to analyse the Common European Asylum System" </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/past-events/2014-february-20-the-experiences-of-the-lithuanian-presidency-of-the-eu-council-in-the-field-of-external-relations/">2014 - February 20: "The experiences of the Lithuanian Presidency of the EU Council in the field of external relations" </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/past-events/2013-december-6-cleer-conference-on-human-security/">2013 - December 6: CLEER Conference on Human Security </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/past-events/2013-november-6-the-experiences-of-the-irish-presidency-of-the-eu-council-in-the-field-of-external-relations/">2013 - November 6: "The experiences of the Irish Presidency of the EU Council in the field of external relations" </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/past-events/2013-june-24-28-cleer-summer-school/">2013 - June 24 - 28: CLEER Summer School</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/past-events/2013-may-16-cleer-presidency-lectures-series-the-cyprus-presidency-of-the-council-of-the-eu/">2013 - May 16: CLEER Presidency lectures series "the Cyprus Presidency of the Council of the EU" </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/past-events/2013-april-19-eu-environmental-norms-and-third-countries-the-eu-as-a-global-role-model/">2013 - April 19: ‘EU environmental norms and third countries: the EU as a global role model?’</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/past-events/2013-february-22-the-external-dimension-of-eu-counter-terrorism-policy/">2013 - February 22: “The External Dimension of EU Counter-terrorism Policy”</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/past-events/2012-november-29-experiences-of-the-danish-presidency-of-the-council-of-the-eu-in-the-conduct-of-eu-external-relations/">2012 - November 29, Experiences of the Danish Presidency of the Council of the EU in the conduct of EU external relations</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/past-events/2012-november-9-linking-trade-and-non-commercial-interests-the-eu-as-a-global-role-model/">2012, November 9, "Linking trade and non-commercial interests: the EU as a global role model?" </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/past-events/2012-21-22-june-joint-eui-cleer-conference-trade-liberalisation-and-standardisation-new-directions-in-the-low-politics-of-eu-foreign-policy/">2012, 21-22 June, joint EUI-CLEER Conference 'Trade liberalisation and standardisation: new directions in the 'low-politics' of EU foreign policy'?</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/past-events/2012-june-19-legal-approximation-and-application-of-eu-law-in-the-eastern-neighbourhood-of-the-eu/">2012 - June 19: 'Legal Approximation and Application of EU Law in the Eastern Neighbourhood of the EU' </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/past-events/2012-25-may-cleer-workshop-human-rights-and-eu-crisis-management-operations-a-duty-to-respect-and-to-protect/">2012 - 25 May: CLEER workshop "Human Rights and EU Crisis Management Operations: A Duty to Respect and to Protect?"</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/past-events/2012-may-10-11-cleer-conference-one-year-after-the-arab-spring/">2012 - May 10-11: CLEER Conference "One year after the Arab Spring" </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/past-events/2012-13-march-cleer-fellow-lecture-luca-pantaleo/">2012 -13 March: CLEER fellow lecture Luca Pantaleo</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/past-events/2012-16-17-february-tension-between-universal-and-regional-unification-of-private-law-the-conflict-between-eu-law-and-the-maritime-and-transport-law-conventions/">2012 - 16-17 February: Tension between universal and regional unification of private law: The conflict between EU law and the maritime and transport law conventions </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/past-events/27-october-2011-cleer-guest-lecture-the-experiences-of-the-hungarian-presidency-of-the-eu-council-a-legal-appraisal/">27 October 2011- CLEER Guest Lecture: The experiences of the Hungarian Presidency of the EU Council-a legal appraisal </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/past-events/2011-13-14-october-the-legal-dimension-of-global-governance-what-role-for-the-eu/">2011 - 13-14 October - The Legal Dimension of Global Governance: What Role for the EU?</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/past-events/2011-27-may-the-european-union-s-shaping-of-the-international-legal-order/">2011 - 27 May - The European Union’s shaping of the International Legal Order</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/past-events/2011-17-march-lecture-by-prof-dr-allan-rosas-judge-at-the-european-court-of-justice/">2011 - 17 March - Lecture by Prof. dr. Allan Rosas, Judge at the European Court of Justice</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/past-events/2010-5-november-the-influence-of-international-organizations-on-the-european-union-the-eu-as-an-autonomous-legal-order/">2010 - 5 November - The Influence of International Organizations on the European Union: The EU as An Autonomous Legal Order? </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/past-events/2010-9-july-international-conference-in-brussels/">2010 - 9 July - International Conference in Brussels</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/past-events/2009-2-october-cleer-launch/">2009 - 2 October - CLEER Launch </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/events/past-events/2009-5-february-roundtable-on-the-external-dimension-of-the-stockholm-programme/">2009 - 5 February - Roundtable on the External Dimension of the Stockholm Programme</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=" "> <a href="/cleer/events/cleer-presidency-lecture-series/">CLEER Presidency lecture series</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=" has-children "> <a href="/cleer/cleer-news-service/">CLEER News Service </a> <ul> <li class=" "> <a href="/cleer/cleer-news-service/">CLEER News Service </a> </li> <li class=" has-children"> <a href="/cleer/cleer-news-service/cleer-news-service-issues/">CLEER News Service issues</a> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/cleer-news-service/cleer-news-service-issues/">CLEER News Service issues</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/cleer-news-service/cleer-news-service-issues/2017/">2017</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/cleer-news-service/cleer-news-service-issues/2016/">2016</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/cleer-news-service/cleer-news-service-issues/2015/">2015</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/cleer-news-service/cleer-news-service-issues/2014/">2014</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/cleer-news-service/cleer-news-service-issues/2013/">2013</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/cleer-news-service/cleer-news-service-issues/2012/">2012</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/cleer-news-service/cleer-news-service-issues/2011/">2011</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/cleer/cleer-news-service/cleer-news-service-issues/2010/">2010</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=" "> <a href="/cleer/cleer-news-service/cleer-newsletters/">CLEER Newsletters</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=" "> <a href="/cleer/research-digest/">Research Digest </a> </li> <li class="site-search menu-button"> <button class="site-button site-search-button" type="button"> <span class="magnifier menu-icon"> <span class="part"></span> <span class="part"></span> <span class="part"></span> </span> </button> </li> <li class="academy-link menu-button"> <a href="http://www.asser.academy/" target="_blank"> <i class="icon icon--academy-icon"></i> <span class="academy-link-text">Asser Academy</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav>  <div class="layout-breadcrumbs hidden-sm hidden-xs"> <div class="container"> <ul class="breadcrumbs"> <li> <a class="asser" href="/">To Asser.nl</a> </li> <li> <a href="/cleer/">CLEER<i class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right"></i></a> </li> <li> <a href="/cleer/events/">Events<i class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right"></i></a> </li> <li> <a href="/cleer/events/past-events/">Past events<i class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right"></i></a> </li> <li> <span>2014 July 4: CLEER Conference: "Using Human...</span> </li> </ul> </div> </div>  <div class="layout-search-container js-search"> <div class="container"> <form class="layout-search" id="frmSearch" action="/search/"> <input type="text" class="layout-search-input" id="ipSearch" placeholder="Search..." name="q"/> <input type="submit" class="layout-search-submit" value="Search"/> </form> </div> </div> </header>  <div class="main-content " id="maincontent"> <section class="container"> <div class="row">  <aside class="left_menu col-sm-3 hidden-xs"> <nav class="left_menu-list-container" role="navigation"> <ul class="left_menu-list"> <li class="left_menu-item "> <a class="left_menu-item-link" href="/cleer/events/upcoming-events/" test="true">Upcoming events</a> </li> <li class="left_menu-item "> <a class="left_menu-item-link" href="/cleer/events/past-events/" test="true">Past events</a> <ul> <li class="left_menu-item "> <a class="left_menu-item-link" href="/cleer/events/past-events/2019-15-november-joint-university-of-leiden-cleer-brexit-policy-roundtable/">2019 - 15 November - Joint University of Leiden - CLEER Brexit Policy Roundtable</a> </li> <li class="left_menu-item "> <a class="left_menu-item-link" href="/cleer/events/past-events/2019-12-september-cleer-presidency-lecture-the-romanian-eu-council-presidencys-experience-in-the-external-relations-field/">2019 - 12 September: CLEER Presidency Lecture: The Romanian EU Council Presidency's Experience in the External Relations Field</a> </li> <li class="left_menu-item "> <a class="left_menu-item-link" href="/cleer/events/past-events/2019-24-28-june-5th-cleer-summer-school/">2019 - 24-28 June: 5th CLEER Summer School</a> </li> <li class="left_menu-item "> <a class="left_menu-item-link" href="/cleer/events/past-events/2019-14-june-joint-university-of-leiden-europa-institute-cleer-workshop/">2019 - 14 June: Joint University of Leiden (Europa Institute) CLEER Workshop</a> </li> <li class="left_menu-item "> <a class="left_menu-item-link" href="/cleer/events/past-events/2018-06-07-december-10th-anniversary-cleer-conference/">2018 - 06-07 December: 10th Anniversary CLEER Conference</a> </li> <li class="left_menu-item "> <a class="left_menu-item-link" href="/cleer/events/past-events/2018-11-october-cleer-presidency-lecture-the-bulgarian-presidency-s-experience-of-the-eu-council-in-the-external-relations-field/">2018 - 11 October - CLEER Presidency Lecture: The Bulgarian Presidency’s experience of the EU Council in the external relations field</a> </li> <li class="left_menu-item "> <a class="left_menu-item-link" href="/cleer/events/past-events/2018-25-29-june-4th-cleer-summer-school-on-the-law-of-eu-external-relations/">2018 - 25 - 29 June: 4th CLEER Summer School on the Law of EU External Relations</a> </li> <li class="left_menu-item "> <a class="left_menu-item-link" href="/cleer/events/past-events/2018-04-april-cleer-lecture-by-andrea-ott-on-the-brexit-conundrum-stuck-between-politics-eu-and-international-law/">2018 - 04 April: CLEER Lecture by Andrea Ott on 'The Brexit conundrum: Stuck between Politics, EU and International Law'</a> </li> <li class="left_menu-item "> <a class="left_menu-item-link" href="/cleer/events/past-events/2018-14-february-cleer-lecture-eu-russia-relations-in-an-era-of-sanctions/">2018 - 14 February - CLEER lecture: "EU-Russia Relations in an Era of Sanctions"</a> </li> <li class="left_menu-item "> <a class="left_menu-item-link" href="/cleer/events/past-events/2017-27-june-cleer-seminar-refugee-crisis-and-eu-cooperation-with-mediterranean-states/">2017 - 27 June - CLEER Seminar - Refugee crisis and EU cooperation with Mediterranean States</a> </li> <li class="left_menu-item "> <a class="left_menu-item-link" href="/cleer/events/past-events/2016-27-june-1-july-3rd-cleer-summer-school-on-eu-external-relations-law/">2016 - 27 June -1 July: 3rd CLEER Summer School on EU External Relations Law</a> </li> <li class="left_menu-item "> <a class="left_menu-item-link" href="/cleer/events/past-events/2016-21-april-book-launch-foreign-policy-objectives-in-european-constitutional-law/">2016 - 21 April: Book Launch: Foreign Policy Objectives in European Constitutional Law</a> </li> <li class="left_menu-item current"> <a class="left_menu-item-link" href="/cleer/events/past-events/2014-july-4-cleer-conference-using-human-security-as-a-legal-framework-to-analyse-the-common-european-asylum-system/">2014 - July 4: CLEER Conference: "Using Human Security as a legal framework to analyse the Common European Asylum System" </a> </li> <li class="left_menu-item "> <a class="left_menu-item-link" href="/cleer/events/past-events/2014-february-20-the-experiences-of-the-lithuanian-presidency-of-the-eu-council-in-the-field-of-external-relations/">2014 - February 20: "The experiences of the Lithuanian Presidency of the EU Council in the field of external relations" </a> </li> <li class="left_menu-item "> <a class="left_menu-item-link" href="/cleer/events/past-events/2013-december-6-cleer-conference-on-human-security/">2013 - December 6: CLEER Conference on Human Security </a> </li> <li class="left_menu-item "> <a class="left_menu-item-link" href="/cleer/events/past-events/2013-november-6-the-experiences-of-the-irish-presidency-of-the-eu-council-in-the-field-of-external-relations/">2013 - November 6: "The experiences of the Irish Presidency of the EU Council in the field of external relations" </a> </li> <li class="left_menu-item "> <a class="left_menu-item-link" href="/cleer/events/past-events/2013-june-24-28-cleer-summer-school/">2013 - June 24 - 28: CLEER Summer School</a> </li> <li class="left_menu-item "> <a class="left_menu-item-link" href="/cleer/events/past-events/2013-may-16-cleer-presidency-lectures-series-the-cyprus-presidency-of-the-council-of-the-eu/">2013 - May 16: CLEER Presidency lectures series "the Cyprus Presidency of the Council of the EU" </a> </li> <li class="left_menu-item "> <a class="left_menu-item-link" href="/cleer/events/past-events/2013-april-19-eu-environmental-norms-and-third-countries-the-eu-as-a-global-role-model/">2013 - April 19: ‘EU environmental norms and third countries: the EU as a global role model?’</a> </li> <li class="left_menu-item "> <a class="left_menu-item-link" href="/cleer/events/past-events/2013-february-22-the-external-dimension-of-eu-counter-terrorism-policy/">2013 - February 22: “The External Dimension of EU Counter-terrorism Policy”</a> </li> <li class="left_menu-item "> <a class="left_menu-item-link" href="/cleer/events/past-events/2012-november-29-experiences-of-the-danish-presidency-of-the-council-of-the-eu-in-the-conduct-of-eu-external-relations/">2012 - November 29, Experiences of the Danish Presidency of the Council of the EU in the conduct of EU external relations</a> </li> <li class="left_menu-item "> <a class="left_menu-item-link" href="/cleer/events/past-events/2012-november-9-linking-trade-and-non-commercial-interests-the-eu-as-a-global-role-model/">2012, November 9, "Linking trade and non-commercial interests: the EU as a global role model?" </a> </li> <li class="left_menu-item "> <a class="left_menu-item-link" href="/cleer/events/past-events/2012-21-22-june-joint-eui-cleer-conference-trade-liberalisation-and-standardisation-new-directions-in-the-low-politics-of-eu-foreign-policy/">2012, 21-22 June, joint EUI-CLEER Conference 'Trade liberalisation and standardisation: new directions in the 'low-politics' of EU foreign policy'?</a> </li> <li class="left_menu-item "> <a class="left_menu-item-link" href="/cleer/events/past-events/2012-june-19-legal-approximation-and-application-of-eu-law-in-the-eastern-neighbourhood-of-the-eu/">2012 - June 19: 'Legal Approximation and Application of EU Law in the Eastern Neighbourhood of the EU' </a> </li> <li class="left_menu-item "> <a class="left_menu-item-link" href="/cleer/events/past-events/2012-25-may-cleer-workshop-human-rights-and-eu-crisis-management-operations-a-duty-to-respect-and-to-protect/">2012 - 25 May: CLEER workshop "Human Rights and EU Crisis Management Operations: A Duty to Respect and to Protect?"</a> </li> <li class="left_menu-item "> <a class="left_menu-item-link" href="/cleer/events/past-events/2012-may-10-11-cleer-conference-one-year-after-the-arab-spring/">2012 - May 10-11: CLEER Conference "One year after the Arab Spring" </a> </li> <li class="left_menu-item "> <a class="left_menu-item-link" href="/cleer/events/past-events/2012-13-march-cleer-fellow-lecture-luca-pantaleo/">2012 -13 March: CLEER fellow lecture Luca Pantaleo</a> </li> <li class="left_menu-item "> <a class="left_menu-item-link" href="/cleer/events/past-events/2012-16-17-february-tension-between-universal-and-regional-unification-of-private-law-the-conflict-between-eu-law-and-the-maritime-and-transport-law-conventions/">2012 - 16-17 February: Tension between universal and regional unification of private law: The conflict between EU law and the maritime and transport law conventions </a> </li> <li class="left_menu-item "> <a class="left_menu-item-link" href="/cleer/events/past-events/27-october-2011-cleer-guest-lecture-the-experiences-of-the-hungarian-presidency-of-the-eu-council-a-legal-appraisal/">27 October 2011- CLEER Guest Lecture: The experiences of the Hungarian Presidency of the EU Council-a legal appraisal </a> </li> <li class="left_menu-item "> <a class="left_menu-item-link" href="/cleer/events/past-events/2011-13-14-october-the-legal-dimension-of-global-governance-what-role-for-the-eu/">2011 - 13-14 October - The Legal Dimension of Global Governance: What Role for the EU?</a> </li> <li class="left_menu-item "> <a class="left_menu-item-link" href="/cleer/events/past-events/2011-27-may-the-european-union-s-shaping-of-the-international-legal-order/">2011 - 27 May - The European Union’s shaping of the International Legal Order</a> </li> <li class="left_menu-item "> <a class="left_menu-item-link" href="/cleer/events/past-events/2011-17-march-lecture-by-prof-dr-allan-rosas-judge-at-the-european-court-of-justice/">2011 - 17 March - Lecture by Prof. dr. Allan Rosas, Judge at the European Court of Justice</a> </li> <li class="left_menu-item "> <a class="left_menu-item-link" href="/cleer/events/past-events/2010-5-november-the-influence-of-international-organizations-on-the-european-union-the-eu-as-an-autonomous-legal-order/">2010 - 5 November - The Influence of International Organizations on the European Union: The EU as An Autonomous Legal Order? </a> </li> <li class="left_menu-item "> <a class="left_menu-item-link" href="/cleer/events/past-events/2010-9-july-international-conference-in-brussels/">2010 - 9 July - International Conference in Brussels</a> </li> <li class="left_menu-item "> <a class="left_menu-item-link" href="/cleer/events/past-events/2009-2-october-cleer-launch/">2009 - 2 October - CLEER Launch </a> </li> <li class="left_menu-item "> <a class="left_menu-item-link" href="/cleer/events/past-events/2009-5-february-roundtable-on-the-external-dimension-of-the-stockholm-programme/">2009 - 5 February - Roundtable on the External Dimension of the Stockholm Programme</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="left_menu-item "> <a class="left_menu-item-link" href="/cleer/events/cleer-presidency-lecture-series/" test="true">CLEER Presidency lecture series</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </aside>  <section class="col-sm-7 col-md-6 main-content-article"> <article> <h1>2014 - July 4: CLEER Conference: "Using Human Security as a legal framework to analyse the Common European Asylum System" </h1> <p> <p> <p>On the 4th of July, the Centre for the Law of EU External Relations (CLEER)- hosted by the T.M.C. Asser Instituut, convened the second conference relating to its research project “Human Security: a new framework for enhanced human rights in the EU’s foreign security and migration policies”. This expert conference went beyond traditional approaches to refugee protection in the Common European Asylum System (CEAS) and triggered an inter-disciplinary debate on the prospects of incorporating “Human Security” in the application of the EU asylum acquis and border control policies.  </p> <p>The conference was split into four thematic panels with lively Q & A discussions following each session. Dr. Tamara Takacs, academic programme coordinator of CLEER and senior EU law researcher at Asser, opened the conference, outlining the research project which had inspired the topic of discussion for the day. In this manner, Dr. Takacs referred to the previous Human Security conference and explored the definition of Human Security with regards to the responsibility to protect and humanitarian intervention. Mr. Claudio Matera, researcher at Asser, developed these introductory remarks by locating notions of Human Security in the context of the CEAS, including recent jurisprudence and more specifically, fundamental rights. Building upon reports from the UN and EU, Matera noted the shift of discourse in the late nineties from state security military narratives to the safety of individuals faced with non-traditional security threats. Yet, despite this broader use of security, persistent notions of state sovereignty have prevailed, often to the detriment of human rights. Whilst reflecting on the malleable characteristics of Human Security (later noted by all speakers), Matera argued for an approach that would use the normative counter-part of Human Security, the right to dignity, to ensure an enhanced standard of protection in the application of EU asylum rules and policies. Human Security notions could, therefore, be used as a means to strengthen the operationalization of fundamental rights. The key note speaker, Ms Myrthe Wijnkoop from the Dutch Council of Refugees, subsequently outlined the development of both legislation and policies in the CEAS outlining that the Union asylum system, initially set up to guarantee a minimum level of protection to persons genuinely in need, has come under intense pressure and scrutiny due to a series of recent political, sociological and legal events.Wijnkoop reflected on the reference to human rights instruments in the EU asylum acquis, noting that they are often an “empty shell.” She underlined that this had continued in the Italian Presidency’s Strategic Guidelines, which will serve as the basis for the next EU Justice and Home Affairs strategy, and called for a permanent health and quality check of both EU instruments and Member State practices.</p> <p>The second panel, chaired by Dr. Seline Trevisanut, Utrecht University, addressed the operational aspects of border controls in the EU along with access to protection under the Dublin system. Dr. Jorrit Rijpma, Leiden University, offered an assessment of the EU border management system, critically analysing these rules, which are comprised of both hard and soft law, from a human rights perspective. With regards to the latest recast of Frontex legislation, he noted that although human rights clauses have been introduced, it remains to be seen whether these are more than a mere “window dressing” fixture. Notably, while a fundamental rights strategy is outlined within the Regulation, the amended text does not include an accountability mechanism for violations. Rijpma further highlighted that whilst EUROSUR could easily provide information on boats in distress, it appears, to be used instead as another means to ensure management, surveillance and control of the borders. Having said this, with regards to the functioning of Member States border guards, Rijpma argued that it was not within the border guards mandate to be a search and rescue team <i>per se</i>. He, therefore, called for an increase of asylum case workers in border operations, ie Rapid Border Intervention Teams. Dr. Violeta Moreno-Lax, from Queen Mary University, London, proposed a critical assessment of Human Security in the context of the Dublin Regulation III and the sovereignty clause (Article 3.2). She argued that given Human Security’s fluidity it should not be pursued to the detriment of hard law, specifically, fundamental rights which are at the pinnacle of the EU normative order. Over reliance on soft norms, such as Human Security, ironically, carries the risk of fuelling restrictive tendencies of the host state, to the detriment of human dignity for the asylum seeker. In light of the theoretical approach, Dr. Moreno-Lax noted the gap between theory and practice and presented a trajectory of jurisprudence from both the ECtHR and ECJ. The former seemed to advocate a Human Security inspired reading, whereas the latter appears to contradict Member States responsibilities to those seeking asylum along with their fundamental rights obligations. Dr Moreno-Lax concluded that this crevasse between theory and practice could to some extent be rectified by using Human Security as a means to enhance and protect fundamental rights.</p> <p>The third session, chaired by Dr. Violeta Moreno-Lax, raised the challenges and benefits of applying Human Security notions to operational mechanisms and substantive protection norms. Dr. Robert Visser, Executive Director of the European Asylum Support Office (EASO), introduced a broader reflection of the meaning of asylum and legal migration. In this manner, the Executive Director of EASO emphasised that the EU has built a system based on the 1951 Geneva Convention, expanding, in qualitative terms, protection and the development of jurisprudence. Further consideration was given to the on-going projects carried out by EASO so as to support and strengthen the uniform application of EU rules. Firstly, Dr. Visser spoke about the joint processing of asylum applications as a means to enhance mutual trust and uniform application of EU rules among civil servants of the Member States and, secondly, he spoke about the early warning system, codified in Article 33 of the Dublin Regulation III and EASO’s role in training asylum practitioners and harmonising Member States practices. The other speaker of this session, Dr. Lieneke Slingenberg from VU University Amsterdam, examined both the 2003 Receptions Conditions Directive and the amended Directive from 2011 in light of International human rights obligations and Human Security interests. Dr. Slingenberg emphasised that many tensions exist between several articles in the current Reception Directive and codified norms in the 1951 Geneva Convention, the European Convention on Human Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. In this regard Human Security was presented as a means to focus attention on socio-economic rights and as a tool to also lessen the margin of discretion that Member States can justify having under the Receptions Directive.</p> <p>Chaired by Claudio Matera, the final session contextualised the debate by focusing on EU initiatives and Member States responses to recurring tragedies in the South Mediterranean Sea. In this regard, Dr. Paolo Cuttitta, VU University, elaborated on so-called “humanitarian” missions in the Strait of Sicily from a socio-legal perspective. Shedding light on the “push-back” boat policies to the North of Africa, adopted by some EU Member States, Dr. Cuttitta developed the argument that there had been a continuous pattern in these push backs from 2002 to present day. Whereas these missions are now under the guise of “rescue operations,” they, in fact, continue to be a (border control) wolf in sheep’s clothing. In fact the only change, according to Cuttitta, had been the vast increase in funding these missions. To illustrate, Constant Vigilance, the predecessor to Mare Nostrum cost 1.5 million euros per month, whereas Mare Nostrum costs 9/10 million euros per month. Dr. Paula Garcia Andrade, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, analysed EU Member State cooperation in the Southern Mediterranean, with a step-by-step examination of the competences of both the EU and Member States in the field. Specific attention was paid to protected entry procedures, humanitarian visas, Frontex working arrangements and Temporary Protection, both with regards to competences and the impact of these different measures on human rights and Human Security standards.</p> <p> </p> <p>  <p class="Default" align="center"><i>Amanda Taylor, research assistant, T.M.C. Asser Institute</i></p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> </p> <p> </p> </p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> </article>  <aside class="main-content-header"> <div class="buttonContainer main-content-header-buttons hidden-xs"> <div class="main-content-header-button icon icon--printer-icon btnPrint" alt="Print this page"></div> </div> </aside> <footer class="main-content-footer"> <h3 class="main-content-footer-title">Share this page:</h3> <ul class="main-content-sm-buttons"> <li class="main-content-sm-button"> <a href="https://bsky.app/intent/compose?text=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asser.nl%2Fcleer%2Fevents%2Fpast-events%2F2014-july-4-cleer-conference-using-human-security-as-a-legal-framework-to-analyse-the-common-european-asylum-system%2F" title="Bluesky" target="_blank"> <img src="/content/images/icon/bluesky_icon.png" alt="Bluesky" title="Bluesky" style="vertical-align: baseline;"> </a> </li> <li class="main-content-sm-button"> <a href="http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asser.nl%2Fcleer%2Fevents%2Fpast-events%2F2014-july-4-cleer-conference-using-human-security-as-a-legal-framework-to-analyse-the-common-european-asylum-system%2F" title="Facebook" target="_blank"> <img src="/content/images/facebook_icon.png" alt="Facebook" title="Facebook" style="vertical-align: baseline;"> </a> </li> <li class="main-content-sm-button"> <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asser.nl%2Fcleer%2Fevents%2Fpast-events%2F2014-july-4-cleer-conference-using-human-security-as-a-legal-framework-to-analyse-the-common-european-asylum-system%2F" title="LinkedIn" target="_blank"> <img src="/content/images/linkedin_icon.png" alt="LinkedIn" title="LinkedIn" style="vertical-align: baseline;"> </a> </li> <li class="main-content-sm-button"> <a href="mailto:?body=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asser.nl%2Fcleer%2Fevents%2Fpast-events%2F2014-july-4-cleer-conference-using-human-security-as-a-legal-framework-to-analyse-the-common-european-asylum-system%2F&subject=T.M.C.%20Asser%20Instituut:%202014%20-%20July%204%3A%20CLEER%20Conference%3A%20%22Using%20Human%20Security%20as%20a%20legal%20framework%20to%20analyse%20the%20Common%20European%20Asylum%20System%22%20" title="Email" target="_blank"> <img src="/content/images/email_icon.png" alt="Email" title="Email" style="vertical-align: baseline;"> </a> </li> <li class="main-content-sm-button"> <a href="http://twitter.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asser.nl%2Fcleer%2Fevents%2Fpast-events%2F2014-july-4-cleer-conference-using-human-security-as-a-legal-framework-to-analyse-the-common-european-asylum-system%2F" title="Tweet" target="_blank"> <img src="/content/images/twitter_icon.png" alt="Tweet" title="Tweet" style="vertical-align: baseline;"> </a> </li> </ul> </footer>  </section> </div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="layout-push"></div> <footer class="layout-footer"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="footer-block col-xs-4 col-md-2 col-lg-2 col-lg-offset-1"> <ul class="footer-list"> <li class="footer-list-item"> <a href="/copyright/">Copyright</a> </li> <li class="footer-list-item"> <a href="/disclaimer/">Disclaimer</a> </li> <li class="footer-list-item"> <a href="/privacy-statement/">Privacy statement</a> </li> <li class="footer-list-item"> <a href="/sitemap/">Sitemap</a> </li> <li class="footer-list-item"> <a href="/contact/">Contact</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer-block col-xs-6 col-md-3 col-lg-3" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"> <span class="footer-title">Follow Asser:</span> <ul class="footer-sm-list"> <li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/cleer.asser" title="Like us on Facebook" target="_blank"><img src="/content/images/facebook_icon.png" /></a></li> <li><a href="https://twitter.com/cleer_research" title="Follow us on Bluesky" target="_blank"><img src="/content/images/icon/bluesky_icon.png" /></a></li> <li><a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/JELJOUR_Results.cfm?form_name=journalbrowse&journal_id=2703936" title="T.M.C. 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T.M.C. Asser Instituut - Past events