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style="opacity:1;"> <div><div data-resor="false" class="article"><section data-vars-danzz-article="" data-nzz-tid="article" data-nzz-referrer="articleLink" data-nzz-article="true" class="container container--article layout--longformvisual adnz-infeed-placeholder"><div id="id-doc-1ibh52a630" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="header--hero" data-vars-danzz-first-article-element="true" is-new-line-child="true" class="headline headline--hero"><div class="headline__wrapper"><figure class="headline__poster"><div itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemid="https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/31/00c0a742-2fd5-4aca-887a-c4aae0df250e.jpeg?width=1200&height=800&fit=crop&quality=75&auto=webp" class="headline__poster-placeholder image-placeholder"><picture data-alt="Riesige Tunnels bewahren Grossstädte vor Überschwemmungen" class="headline__poster-image image-placeholder__image" style="display:block;min-height:1rem;"><source srcset="https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/31/00c0a742-2fd5-4aca-887a-c4aae0df250e.jpeg?width=768&height=1371&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=2237,3993,x2200,y0 768w,https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/31/00c0a742-2fd5-4aca-887a-c4aae0df250e.jpeg?width=1536&height=2743&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=2237,3993,x2200,y0 1536w,https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/31/00c0a742-2fd5-4aca-887a-c4aae0df250e.jpeg?width=642&height=1146&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=2237,3993,x2200,y0 642w,https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/31/00c0a742-2fd5-4aca-887a-c4aae0df250e.jpeg?width=1284&height=2293&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=2237,3993,x2200,y0 1284w" media="(max-width: 767px) and (orientation: portrait)"><source srcset="https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/31/00c0a742-2fd5-4aca-887a-c4aae0df250e.jpeg?width=1024&height=1365&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=2995,3993,x1174,y0 1024w,https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/31/00c0a742-2fd5-4aca-887a-c4aae0df250e.jpeg?width=2048&height=2731&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=2995,3993,x1174,y0 2048w,https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/31/00c0a742-2fd5-4aca-887a-c4aae0df250e.jpeg?width=768&height=1024&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=2995,3993,x1174,y0 768w,https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/31/00c0a742-2fd5-4aca-887a-c4aae0df250e.jpeg?width=1536&height=2048&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=2995,3993,x1174,y0 1536w" media="(min-width: 600px) and (orientation: portrait) and (min-aspect-ratio: 9/16)"><source srcset="https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/31/00c0a742-2fd5-4aca-887a-c4aae0df250e.jpeg?width=1920&height=1079&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5990,3366,x0,y623 1920w,https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/31/00c0a742-2fd5-4aca-887a-c4aae0df250e.jpeg?width=3840&height=2157&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5990,3366,x0,y623 3840w,https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/31/00c0a742-2fd5-4aca-887a-c4aae0df250e.jpeg?width=1366&height=767&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5990,3366,x0,y623 1366w,https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/31/00c0a742-2fd5-4aca-887a-c4aae0df250e.jpeg?width=2732&height=1535&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5990,3366,x0,y623 2732w,https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/31/00c0a742-2fd5-4aca-887a-c4aae0df250e.jpeg?width=960&height=539&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5990,3366,x0,y623 960w" media="(orientation: landscape)"><img data-object-position="50% 50%" alt="Riesige Tunnels bewahren Grossstädte vor Überschwemmungen" size="fullscreen" data-object-fit="cover" src="https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/31/00c0a742-2fd5-4aca-887a-c4aae0df250e.jpeg?width=960&height=539&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5990,3366,x0,y623" width="2246" height="3993"></picture>  </div></figure> <div class="headline__bottom"><div class="headline__text headline__highlight"> <h1 class="title"> <div class="title__name">Riesige Tunnels bewahren Grossstädte vor Überschwemmungen</div></h1></div></div></div> <div class="metainfo__image"><span>Issei Kato / Reuters</span></div> <div class="headline__inner"><p class="headline__lead">Je wärmer es wird, desto mehr Starkregenfälle treten auf. Um diese aufzufangen, bauen Metropolen wie Tokio, Chicago oder London kolossale unterirdische Anlagen. Auch Schweizer Städte wappnen sich gegen die Wassermassen.</p> <div class="progressbar__wrapper"><div class="progressbar"><div class="progressbar__line"><div class="progressbar__line--fill" style="transform:translateX(-100%);"></div></div></div></div> <div class="headline__meta"><div class="metainfo metainfo--content"> <span class="metainfo__item metainfo__item--author">Brigitte Wenger</span>    <span class="metainfo__item metainfo__item--date"><time datetime="2024-11-07T04:30:00.000Z"> 07.11.2024, 05.30 Uhr </time> <span data-tooltip="Lesezeit 7 min" class="metainfo__item--reading-time"><svg version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="reading-time__icon nzz-icons--small nzz-icons--icon nzz-icons--fill"><path stroke="currentColor" fill="none" pid="0" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-linecap="round" _stroke-linejoin="round" d="M11.77 7.39v5.62l3.8 1.32"/><circle stroke="currentColor" fill="none" pid="1" cx="12" cy="12" r="8.5" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-linecap="round" _stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg> <span>7 min</span></span></span></div> <div class="headline__meta-extra"><div class="actionbar actionbar--header"> <div class="actionbar__item"><button class="actionbar__button button actionbar__button--header"><svg version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="nzz-icons--icon nzz-icons--fill"><path pid="0" d="M20.5 14.13h-2.84c-.55 0-1 .45-1 1v4.38c0 .55.45 1 1 1h1.84c.55 0 1-.45 1-1V12c0-4.69-3.81-8.5-8.5-8.5h0c-4.69 0-8.5 3.81-8.5 8.5v7.5c0 .55.45 1 1 1h1.84c.55 0 1-.45 1-1v-4.38c0-.55-.45-1-1-1H3.5" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/><path pid="1" d="M13.86 17.54c.18-.11.18-.3 0-.42l-3.53-2.24c-.18-.11-.33-.02-.33.2v4.5c0 .22.15.32.33.2l3.53-2.24z" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg> <span class="actionbar__label">Hören</span></button></div>  <div class="actionbar__item actionbar__item--print"><div class="actionbar__button actionbar__button--header"><svg version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="nzz-icons--icon nzz-icons--fill"><path pid="0" d="M7 16.81H4.5c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1v-7c0-.55.45-1 1-1h15c.55 0 1 .45 1 1v7c0 .55-.45 1-1 1H17" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-linejoin="round"/><path pid="1" d="M7 7.81V3.5c0-.55.45-1 1-1h8c.55 0 1 .45 1 1v4.31" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-linejoin="round"/><path pid="2" d="M17 14v6.5c0 .55-.45 1-1 1H8c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1V14h10z" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/><path pid="3" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M14.34 18.95l-1.15.69-1.18-.7-1.18.7-1.17-.7m4.68-2.47l-1.15.69-1.18-.7-1.18.7-1.17-.7M5.3 9.5h1"/></svg> <span class="actionbar__label">Drucken</span></div></div> <div class="actionbar__item share" style="position:relative;"><div class="contextmenu-closed"><div class="actionbar__button actionbar__button--header"><svg version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="nzz-icons--icon nzz-icons--fill"><path pid="0" d="M13.73 17.7c0 .58.34.73.75.34l6.71-6.44c.41-.4.41-1.04 0-1.44l-6.71-6.44c-.41-.4-.75-.24-.75.34v3.25c-6.2 0-11.23 3.59-11.23 9.98 0 1.12.15 2.19.44 3.22 1.35-4.83 5.67-6.04 10.8-6.04v3.24z" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg> <span class="actionbar__label">Teilen</span></div></div>  <div data-nzz-tid="contextmenu-overlay" class="overlay--container"> </div></div> </div></div></div></div></div><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1ibh52a641" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text">Noch bevor man die riesige unterirdische Halle, den Underground Shrine bei Tokio, sieht, fühlt man sie. Mit jeder Stufe in die Tiefe wird es kühler. Und das kommt einem sehr gelegen, denn oberirdisch will der japanische Sommer auch im Oktober nicht enden. Es ist 30 Grad heiss und feucht.<strong></strong></p><div id="id-doc-c953a2e7" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="barrier" is-new-line-child="true"><div id="paywall_container"></div> <div class="disabled-overlay"><div class="disabled-overlay--show--text"><h3>Optimieren Sie Ihre Browsereinstellungen</h3> <p> NZZ.ch benötigt JavaScript für wichtige Funktionen. Ihr Browser oder Adblocker verhindert dies momentan. </p> <p>Bitte passen Sie die Einstellungen an.</p></div></div></div><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1ibh52a642" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Ist man unten angekommen, ist die Erderwärmung erst einmal vergessen. Angenehme 20 Grad. Und vor allem: Wow! Dieser Schrein verdient seinen Namen. In die Halle – 177 Meter lang, 78 Meter breit und 18 Meter hoch – würde locker das Wasser von 66 olympischen Schwimmbecken hineinpassen. Man ist plötzlich sehr winzig.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1ibh52a643" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Mit dem aufgeheizten Klima werden Niederschläge stärker. Dicht verbaute Städte können diese Wassermassen nicht schlucken. Die Metropolen Tokio, London und Chicago schützen sich mit gigantischen Anlagen vor Überschwemmungen, und auch Schweizer Städte ergreifen Gegenmassnahmen.</p><h2 data-team-subtitle="" id="id-doc-1ibh52a644" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="subtitle" is-new-line-child="true" class="subtitle articlecomponent subtitle--chapter nzzinteraction"><span>Eine Halle wie in «Herr der Ringe»</span></h2><figure id="id-doc-1ibh52a640" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="image" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent image image--containerwidth nzzinteraction" style="position:relative;"><div data-nzz-tid="image-placeholder" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemid="https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/25/9824a479-a1a6-4f51-8d04-3c3d375e9546.jpeg?width=1200&height=800&fit=crop&quality=75&auto=webp" class="image-placeholder image__placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.67%;"><img alt="Der sogenannte Underground Shrine im Ballungsraum Tokio. Ein Mitarbeiter des Metropolitan Outer Floodway Management Office demonstriert, wie man Kontrollmessungen in dem Wassertank durchführt." data-nzz-tid="article-image" width="5266" height="3511" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" loading="lazy" srcset="https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/25/9824a479-a1a6-4f51-8d04-3c3d375e9546.jpeg?width=1120&height=747&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5266,3511,x0,y0 1120w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/25/9824a479-a1a6-4f51-8d04-3c3d375e9546.jpeg?width=2240&height=1493&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5266,3511,x0,y0 2240w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/25/9824a479-a1a6-4f51-8d04-3c3d375e9546.jpeg?width=976&height=651&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5266,3511,x0,y0 976w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/25/9824a479-a1a6-4f51-8d04-3c3d375e9546.jpeg?width=1952&height=1301&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5266,3511,x0,y0 1952w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/25/9824a479-a1a6-4f51-8d04-3c3d375e9546.jpeg?width=736&height=491&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5266,3511,x0,y0 736w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/25/9824a479-a1a6-4f51-8d04-3c3d375e9546.jpeg?width=1472&height=981&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5266,3511,x0,y0 1472w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/25/9824a479-a1a6-4f51-8d04-3c3d375e9546.jpeg?width=375&height=250&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5266,3511,x0,y0 375w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/25/9824a479-a1a6-4f51-8d04-3c3d375e9546.jpeg?width=750&height=500&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5266,3511,x0,y0 750w" sizes="(min-width: 1200px) 1120px, (min-width: 1024px) 976px, (min-width: 768px) 736px" class="image-placeholder__image" style="cursor:pointer;transform:scale(1);">  </div> <figcaption class="articlecomponent__description"> <div class="image-description image-description--containerwidth"><h2 data-nzz-tid="image-description-caption" data-team-image-caption="true" class="image-description__caption image-description__caption--large">Der sogenannte Underground Shrine im Ballungsraum Tokio. Ein Mitarbeiter des Metropolitan Outer Floodway Management Office demonstriert, wie man Kontrollmessungen in dem Wassertank durchführt.</h2> <div class="image-description__author"><span data-nzz-tid="image-description-author" class="image-description__author-single">Issei Kato / Reuters</span></div></div></figcaption> </figure><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1ibh52a645" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Besonders eindrücklich wirken die 59 Säulen, jede einzelne 500 Tonnen schwer. Sie tragen nicht nur die Decke, wie die Tourleiterin auf Japanisch erklärt, sondern bewahren die leere Halle auch davor, vom Wasserdruck im Boden angehoben zu werden. Deshalb sind es so viele. Um die Decke zu tragen, hätten auch weniger gereicht. Ihr Anblick erinnert an die Säulenhalle von Moria im Film «Herr der Ringe», und es würde nicht erstaunen, wenn plötzlich die Gefährten, angeführt vom Zauberer Gandalf, zwischen den Säulen erscheinen würden.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1ibh52a646" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Doch die Halle wird für etwas ganz anderes genutzt. Sie ist Teil des Metropolitan Outer Area Underground Discharge Channel, auch «G-Cans» genannt. Das 6,3 Kilometer lange Tunnelsystem am Stadtrand Tokios wird bei starken Regenfällen geflutet, um die oberirdische Überschwemmung von Gemeinden und Feldern zu verhindern.</p><div id="id-doc-1ibh52a647" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="q-embed" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent q-embed widget--qembed nzzinteraction"><div></div></div><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1ibh52a650" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Über fünf zylinderförmige Schächte fällt das Wasser der ansteigenden Flüsse in die Tiefe, wird durch einen Tunnel zum Wassertank, dem Schrein, geführt und hier von den vier grössten Turbinen Japans in den Fluss Edogawa gepumpt. Er bringt das Wasser in die Meeresbucht von Tokio. Allein im Juni dieses Jahres kam das System viermal zum Einsatz, öfter als im gesamten vergangenen Jahr.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1ibh52a651" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Dieses Tunnelsystem ist nicht neu, doch es ist noch immer eines der grössten weltweit. Gebaut wurde es von 1993 bis 2006 für umgerechnet etwa 1,3 Milliarden Franken. Damit war Tokio sehr früh dran. Die Region ist wie eine Schüssel geformt, so dass Starkregenfälle und der stark verbaute Boden schon damals zu Überschwemmungen geführt haben. Seither wurde das System fast 150-mal genutzt und hat dabei Schäden durch Überschwemmungen von geschätzt über 860 Millionen Franken verhindert. Die Frage ist allerdings, ob es auch in Zukunft noch ausreicht.</p><figure id="id-doc-1ibh55rc30" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="image" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent image image--containerwidth nzzinteraction" style="position:relative;"><div data-nzz-tid="image-placeholder" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemid="https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/31/e2783f9b-07c1-43e1-8337-bcf55006b281.jpeg?width=1200&height=800&fit=crop&quality=75&auto=webp" class="image-placeholder image__placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.67%;"><img alt="Die Flüsse Arakawa und Naka (der kleinere der beiden) sind aufgrund starker Regenfälle, die durch den Taifun Shanshan ausgelöst wurden, in Tokio angeschwollen. Aufnahme vom 31. August 2024." data-nzz-tid="article-image" width="2298" height="1532" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" loading="lazy" srcset="https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/31/e2783f9b-07c1-43e1-8337-bcf55006b281.jpeg?width=1120&height=747&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=2298,1532,x0,y0 1120w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/31/e2783f9b-07c1-43e1-8337-bcf55006b281.jpeg?width=2240&height=1493&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=2298,1532,x0,y0 2240w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/31/e2783f9b-07c1-43e1-8337-bcf55006b281.jpeg?width=976&height=651&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=2298,1532,x0,y0 976w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/31/e2783f9b-07c1-43e1-8337-bcf55006b281.jpeg?width=1952&height=1301&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=2298,1532,x0,y0 1952w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/31/e2783f9b-07c1-43e1-8337-bcf55006b281.jpeg?width=736&height=491&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=2298,1532,x0,y0 736w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/31/e2783f9b-07c1-43e1-8337-bcf55006b281.jpeg?width=1472&height=981&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=2298,1532,x0,y0 1472w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/31/e2783f9b-07c1-43e1-8337-bcf55006b281.jpeg?width=375&height=250&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=2298,1532,x0,y0 375w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/31/e2783f9b-07c1-43e1-8337-bcf55006b281.jpeg?width=750&height=500&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=2298,1532,x0,y0 750w" sizes="(min-width: 1200px) 1120px, (min-width: 1024px) 976px, (min-width: 768px) 736px" class="image-placeholder__image" style="cursor:pointer;transform:scale(1);">  </div> <figcaption class="articlecomponent__description"> <div class="image-description image-description--containerwidth"><h2 data-nzz-tid="image-description-caption" data-team-image-caption="true" class="image-description__caption image-description__caption--large">Die Flüsse Arakawa und Naka (der kleinere der beiden) sind aufgrund starker Regenfälle, die durch den Taifun Shanshan ausgelöst wurden, in Tokio angeschwollen. Aufnahme vom 31. August 2024.</h2> <div class="image-description__author"><span data-nzz-tid="image-description-author" class="image-description__author-single">Issei Kato / Reuters</span></div></div></figcaption> </figure><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1ibh52a652" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Je wärmer es wird, desto mehr und intensivere Starkregenfälle gibt es. Denn: «Steigt die Temperatur, nimmt die Menge an Wasserdampf in der Atmosphäre zu», sagt Seita Emori, japanischer Klimawissenschafter, Professor am Institut für Zukunftsinitiativen der Universität Tokio und Autor des Uno-Klimarats. Mit jedem Grad Celsius, um welches die Luft wärmer wird, kann sie etwa 7 Prozent mehr Wasser aufnehmen.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1ibh52a653" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">«Wir gehen davon aus, dass mit dem Temperaturanstieg in Zukunft noch nie da gewesene Regenmengen fallen werden», erläutert Emori. Für Japan werden mehr Taifune mit sintflutartigen Regenfällen prognostiziert.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1ibh52a654" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Um Wassermassen in diesem Ausmass abfliessen zu lassen, sind Metropolen wie Tokio nicht ausgelegt. Im dicht bebauten Boden kann das Wasser nicht versickern, es drohen Überschwemmungen, die deutlich mehr kosten als der Hochwasserschutz. Deshalb baut Tokio seinen Abfluss aus.</p><h2 data-team-subtitle="" id="id-doc-1ibh52a655" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="subtitle" is-new-line-child="true" class="subtitle articlecomponent subtitle--chapter nzzinteraction"><span>Ein Projekt, das Milliarden kostet</span></h2><figure id="id-doc-1ibheu1rf0" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="image" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent image image--containerwidth nzzinteraction" style="position:relative;"><div data-nzz-tid="image-placeholder" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemid="https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/31/8b6b703b-2ff6-4a66-82b5-0440b4e7b014.jpeg?width=1200&height=800&fit=crop&quality=75&auto=webp" class="image-placeholder image__placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.67%;"><img alt="Hier sind Arbeiten am unterirdischen Regulierungsreservoir Ring Road Nr. 7 zu sehen. Aufnahme vom 16. Juli 2024 in der Nähe des Bahnhofs Nogata in Tokio, Japan." data-nzz-tid="article-image" width="5646" height="3764" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" loading="lazy" srcset="https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/31/8b6b703b-2ff6-4a66-82b5-0440b4e7b014.jpeg?width=1120&height=747&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5646,3764,x0,y0 1120w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/31/8b6b703b-2ff6-4a66-82b5-0440b4e7b014.jpeg?width=2240&height=1493&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5646,3764,x0,y0 2240w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/31/8b6b703b-2ff6-4a66-82b5-0440b4e7b014.jpeg?width=976&height=651&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5646,3764,x0,y0 976w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/31/8b6b703b-2ff6-4a66-82b5-0440b4e7b014.jpeg?width=1952&height=1301&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5646,3764,x0,y0 1952w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/31/8b6b703b-2ff6-4a66-82b5-0440b4e7b014.jpeg?width=736&height=491&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5646,3764,x0,y0 736w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/31/8b6b703b-2ff6-4a66-82b5-0440b4e7b014.jpeg?width=1472&height=981&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5646,3764,x0,y0 1472w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/31/8b6b703b-2ff6-4a66-82b5-0440b4e7b014.jpeg?width=375&height=250&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5646,3764,x0,y0 375w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/31/8b6b703b-2ff6-4a66-82b5-0440b4e7b014.jpeg?width=750&height=500&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5646,3764,x0,y0 750w" sizes="(min-width: 1200px) 1120px, (min-width: 1024px) 976px, (min-width: 768px) 736px" class="image-placeholder__image" style="cursor:pointer;transform:scale(1);">  </div> <figcaption class="articlecomponent__description"> <div class="image-description image-description--containerwidth"><h2 data-nzz-tid="image-description-caption" data-team-image-caption="true" class="image-description__caption image-description__caption--large">Hier sind Arbeiten am unterirdischen Regulierungsreservoir Ring Road Nr. 7 zu sehen. Aufnahme vom 16. Juli 2024 in der Nähe des Bahnhofs Nogata in Tokio, Japan.</h2> <div class="image-description__author"><span data-nzz-tid="image-description-author" class="image-description__author-single">Issei Kato / Reuters</span></div></div></figcaption> </figure><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1ibh52a656" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Japan baut den Hochwasserschutz der Hauptstadtregion Tokio bis 2040 weiter aus. Das Netz von Zisternen und Wasserkanälen, das nach dem Vorbild der «G-Cans» an vielen Orten unter ganz Tokio verläuft, ist bis anhin auf Niederschlag bis 75 Millimeter pro Stunde ausgelegt. Doch es häufen sich Taifune, die lokal bis zu 100 Millimeter pro Stunde bringen können. Das überfordert Tokios Kanalsystem.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1ibh52a657" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Zudem machen der steigende Meeresspiegel und mögliche Tsunamis der Stadt zu schaffen. Zum Hochwasserschutz Tokios gehören denn auch breite, unbebaute Flussufer, wo Wasser versickern kann, sowie Dämme und Schleusen, die Flussmündungen schliessen, damit kein Wasser von aussen in die Stadt eindringen kann.</p><div data-nzz-referrer="aliasTeaserEmbed" id="id-doc-1ibh52a658" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="alias-teaser-embed" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent alias-teaser-embed nzzinteraction"><h3 class="alias-teaser-embed__title">NZZ Planet A</h3> <p class="alias-teaser-embed__text">Der Klimawandel ist nicht das Ende, sondern der Aufbruch in eine neue Zeit – voller Ideen, Chancen, Innovationen und neuer Wege. Wie leben wir mit dem Klimawandel? Welche Denker finden die besten Lösungen? Wie wird sich das Leben verändern? Finden Sie es mit uns heraus.</p> <p class="alias-teaser-embed__text"><a href="https://abo.nzz.ch/benutzerkonto/newsletter/npac/">Abonnieren Sie hier unseren Newsletter</a></p></div><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1ibh52a659" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Tokio ist mit diesen Problemen nicht allein. Auch andere Städte sind daran, unter- und oberirdisch mehr Kapazität zu schaffen, um Wasser abfliessen zu lassen.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1ibh52a6510" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">London zum Beispiel entwässert über eine 150 Jahre alte Kanalisation. Die sei für eine Bevölkerung gebaut worden, die halb so gross gewesen sei wie heute, so schreibt es die Stadt auf der <a target="_blank" href="https://www.tideway.london/">Website der Tideway London</a>. Infolgedessen fliessen jedes Jahr viele Millionen Kubikmeter ungeklärtes Abwasser in die Themse.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1ibh52a6511" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Nun baut die Stadt einen 25 Kilometer langen Kanal, den «Super Sewer», Supersauger, wie die Tideway auch genannt wird. Er verläuft unter der Themse und soll zum einen das Abwasser der Londoner statt in die Themse in eine Kläranlage ausserhalb der Stadt leiten. Zum anderen soll er die Wassermassen der zunehmenden Stark- und Extremregenfälle auffangen, damit diese die marode Kanalisation nicht noch häufiger zum Überlaufen bringen.</p><figure id="id-doc-1ibh52a6512" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="image" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent image image--containerwidth nzzinteraction" style="position:relative;"><div data-nzz-tid="image-placeholder" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemid="https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/25/7d0d6d2d-087a-466c-9c02-a0e914c86a10.jpeg?width=1200&height=795&fit=crop&quality=75&auto=webp" class="image-placeholder image__placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.22%;"><img alt="Der Ingenieur Jason Lyon im Thames Tideway Tunnel, bekannt als «Super Sewer». Der 25 Kilometer lange Tunnel wird nach seiner Fertigstellung im Jahr 2024 von Thames Water betrieben werden, um die derzeitige Verschmutzung des Flusses durch Abwasserkanäle zu beseitigen." data-nzz-tid="article-image" width="5512" height="3650" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" loading="lazy" srcset="https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/25/7d0d6d2d-087a-466c-9c02-a0e914c86a10.jpeg?width=1120&height=742&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5512,3650,x0,y0 1120w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/25/7d0d6d2d-087a-466c-9c02-a0e914c86a10.jpeg?width=2240&height=1483&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5512,3650,x0,y0 2240w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/25/7d0d6d2d-087a-466c-9c02-a0e914c86a10.jpeg?width=976&height=646&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5512,3650,x0,y0 976w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/25/7d0d6d2d-087a-466c-9c02-a0e914c86a10.jpeg?width=1952&height=1293&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5512,3650,x0,y0 1952w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/25/7d0d6d2d-087a-466c-9c02-a0e914c86a10.jpeg?width=736&height=487&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5512,3650,x0,y0 736w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/25/7d0d6d2d-087a-466c-9c02-a0e914c86a10.jpeg?width=1472&height=975&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5512,3650,x0,y0 1472w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/25/7d0d6d2d-087a-466c-9c02-a0e914c86a10.jpeg?width=375&height=248&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5512,3650,x0,y0 375w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/25/7d0d6d2d-087a-466c-9c02-a0e914c86a10.jpeg?width=750&height=497&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5512,3650,x0,y0 750w" sizes="(min-width: 1200px) 1120px, (min-width: 1024px) 976px, (min-width: 768px) 736px" class="image-placeholder__image" style="cursor:pointer;transform:scale(1);">  </div> <figcaption class="articlecomponent__description"> <div class="image-description image-description--containerwidth"><h2 data-nzz-tid="image-description-caption" data-team-image-caption="true" class="image-description__caption image-description__caption--large">Der Ingenieur Jason Lyon im Thames Tideway Tunnel, bekannt als «Super Sewer». Der 25 Kilometer lange Tunnel wird nach seiner Fertigstellung im Jahr 2024 von Thames Water betrieben werden, um die derzeitige Verschmutzung des Flusses durch Abwasserkanäle zu beseitigen.</h2> <div class="image-description__author"><span data-nzz-tid="image-description-author" class="image-description__author-single">Toby Melville / Reuters</span></div></div></figcaption> </figure><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1ibh52a6513" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Oder Chicago. Kurze, starke Regenfälle haben immer schon die Strassen der Stadt überflutet. Kein Wunder, sie wurde auf sumpfigem Untergrund gebaut. Die Erwärmung der Atmosphäre verschärft diese Regenfälle. Mit den Überschwemmungen gelangt Abwasser in den Lake Michigan und verunreinigt ihn. Der riesige See ist die Trinkwasserquelle für zehn Millionen Menschen.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1ibh52a6514" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Wie Tokio baut auch Chicago das Abwassersystem seit vielen Jahren aus. Nun entsteht die grösste Abwassergrube der Welt, das oberirdische <a target="_blank" href="https://mwrd.org/what-we-do/tunnel-and-reservoir-plan-tarp/mccook-tarp-reservoir-live-stream">McCook-Reservoir</a>. Fertiggestellt im Jahr 2029, wird es fast 38 Millionen Kubikmeter Wasser fassen und 150-mal grösser sein als der Underground Shrine in Tokio. Ist der Starkregen vorbei, wird das gesammelte Wasser gereinigt und in Flüsse geleitet.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1ibh52a6515" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Doch man weiss schon heute: Das Reservoir wird nicht reichen. Bei der Planung hatte man die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels, wie wir sie heute kennen, nicht einberechnet.</p><h2 data-team-subtitle="" id="id-doc-1ibh52a6516" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="subtitle" is-new-line-child="true" class="subtitle articlecomponent subtitle--chapter nzzinteraction"><span>Auch in der Schweiz nimmt Starkregen zu</span></h2><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1ibh52a660" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Und was macht die Schweiz? Es gibt es zwar keine Taifune, aber auch hier hat die Niederschlagsmenge von einzelnen Starkniederschlägen seit 1901 um 12 Prozent zugenommen. Und mit der fortschreitenden Erderwärmung ist damit zu rechnen, dass Stark- und Extremniederschläge noch intensiver werden, selbst wenn die durchschnittliche Niederschlagsmenge zurückgeht. Der Boden, die Kanalisation, die Oberflächengewässer müssen in kurzer Zeit viel Wasser aufnehmen und ableiten können.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1ibh52a661" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Schweizer Städte setzen primär auf Entsiegelung statt auf Abfluss. «Zentral für den Umgang mit grossen Wassermengen ist eine moderne Siedlungsentwässerung», schreibt Maria Colon, Mediensprecherin Entsorgung und Recycling Zürich, auf Anfrage. Regenwasser soll nicht so schnell wie möglich in die Kanalisation fliessen, wie es früher der Fall war, sondern im Boden zurückgehalten werden. Versiegelte Flächen würden gar vermehrt vom Kanalnetz abgetrennt.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1ibh52a662" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Damit das Regenwasser von Bäumen und Pflanzen aufgenommen werden kann sowie beim Verdunsten die Hitze mildert, muss es auf Dächern, Plätzen und im Boden temporär zurückgehalten werden. Das soll gleichzeitig Trockenperioden überbrücken und die Kanalisation und die Abwasserreinigungsanlagen entlasten. Denn fliesst zu viel Regenwasser in die Abwasserreinigungsanlagen, kann mit ihm auch ungereinigtes Abwasser in die Bäche und Flüsse gelangen.</p><h2 data-team-subtitle="" id="id-doc-1ibh52a663" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="subtitle" is-new-line-child="true" class="subtitle articlecomponent subtitle--chapter nzzinteraction"><span>Die Kanalisation muss entlastet werden</span></h2><figure id="id-doc-1ibh52a667" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="image" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent image image--containerwidth nzzinteraction" style="position:relative;"><div data-nzz-tid="image-placeholder" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemid="https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/22/c3ced4f5-a036-4f2f-ae0c-0970aea13051.jpeg?width=1200&height=800&fit=crop&quality=75&auto=webp" class="image-placeholder image__placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.67%;"><img alt="Die Tunnelbohrmaschine im Entlastungsstollen Sihl–Zürichsee, fotografiert am Dienstag, 22. Oktober 2024, in Langnau am Albis." data-nzz-tid="article-image" width="5508" height="3672" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" loading="lazy" srcset="https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/22/c3ced4f5-a036-4f2f-ae0c-0970aea13051.jpeg?width=1120&height=747&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5508,3672,x0,y0 1120w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/22/c3ced4f5-a036-4f2f-ae0c-0970aea13051.jpeg?width=2240&height=1493&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5508,3672,x0,y0 2240w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/22/c3ced4f5-a036-4f2f-ae0c-0970aea13051.jpeg?width=976&height=651&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5508,3672,x0,y0 976w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/22/c3ced4f5-a036-4f2f-ae0c-0970aea13051.jpeg?width=1952&height=1301&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5508,3672,x0,y0 1952w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/22/c3ced4f5-a036-4f2f-ae0c-0970aea13051.jpeg?width=736&height=491&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5508,3672,x0,y0 736w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/22/c3ced4f5-a036-4f2f-ae0c-0970aea13051.jpeg?width=1472&height=981&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5508,3672,x0,y0 1472w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/22/c3ced4f5-a036-4f2f-ae0c-0970aea13051.jpeg?width=375&height=250&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5508,3672,x0,y0 375w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/22/c3ced4f5-a036-4f2f-ae0c-0970aea13051.jpeg?width=750&height=500&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5508,3672,x0,y0 750w" sizes="(min-width: 1200px) 1120px, (min-width: 1024px) 976px, (min-width: 768px) 736px" class="image-placeholder__image" style="cursor:pointer;transform:scale(1);">  </div> <figcaption class="articlecomponent__description"> <div class="image-description image-description--containerwidth"><h2 data-nzz-tid="image-description-caption" data-team-image-caption="true" class="image-description__caption image-description__caption--large">Die Tunnelbohrmaschine im Entlastungsstollen Sihl–Zürichsee, fotografiert am Dienstag, 22. Oktober 2024, in Langnau am Albis.</h2> <div class="image-description__author"><span data-nzz-tid="image-description-author" class="image-description__author-single">Til Buergy / Keystone</span></div></div></figcaption> </figure><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1ibh52a664" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Die Kanalisation der Stadt Zürich ist auf Starkregenereignisse ausgelegt, die hier bis anhin etwa alle zehn Jahre vorkommen, 22 Millimeter in 10 Minuten. «Wir beheben Engpässe in der Kanalisation», sagt Colon, «gehen aber nicht davon aus, dass die Abwasserkanäle in Zukunft generell auszubauen und ihre Abflusskapazitäten zu erhöhen sind.»</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1ibh52a665" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Sie betont, dass bei der Nutzung unseres Bodens noch etwas anderes zu beachten ist: «Unser Untergrund wird vielfältig genutzt. In Tiefbauprojekten müssen Kanalisation, Stromleitungen, Wasserleitungen und Fernwärmenetze gut koordiniert werden.» Die Entwässerung der Städte ist auch ein Kompromiss.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1ibh52a666" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Was im Moment gebaut wird, ist der Entlastungsstollen, der die Sihl durch einen zwei Kilometer langen Kanal in den Zürichsee entwässert, von Gattikon bis Thalwil. Es ist dasselbe Prinzip wie in Tokio. Führt die Sihl extrem viel Wasser, drohen allein der Stadt Zürich Gebäudeschäden von über 6 Milliarden Franken, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.zh.ch/de/planen-bauen/wasserbau/wasserbauprojekte/entlastungsstollen-sihl-zuerichsee.html">wie der Kanton auf seiner Website schreibt</a>. Ab 2026 soll der Stollen ein Hochwasser verhindern, das geschätzt alle 500 Jahre eintritt.</p><figure id="id-doc-1ibhev9i91" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="image" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent image image--fullwidth nzzinteraction" style="position:relative;"><div data-nzz-tid="image-placeholder" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemid="https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/31/43a4f690-c7f8-47f5-ab19-749b1dca0887.jpeg?width=1200&height=800&fit=crop&quality=75&auto=webp" class="image-placeholder image__placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.67%;"><img alt="Besucher sehen sich den druckregulierten Wassertank an, der Teil der unterirdischen Wasserableitungstunnels ist. Aufnahme vom 4. Juli 2024." data-nzz-tid="article-image" width="5901" height="3934" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" loading="lazy" srcset="https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/31/43a4f690-c7f8-47f5-ab19-749b1dca0887.jpeg?width=1920&height=1280&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5901,3934,x0,y0 1920w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/31/43a4f690-c7f8-47f5-ab19-749b1dca0887.jpeg?width=3840&height=2560&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5901,3934,x0,y0 3840w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/31/43a4f690-c7f8-47f5-ab19-749b1dca0887.jpeg?width=1366&height=911&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5901,3934,x0,y0 1366w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/31/43a4f690-c7f8-47f5-ab19-749b1dca0887.jpeg?width=2732&height=1821&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5901,3934,x0,y0 2732w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/31/43a4f690-c7f8-47f5-ab19-749b1dca0887.jpeg?width=976&height=651&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5901,3934,x0,y0 976w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/31/43a4f690-c7f8-47f5-ab19-749b1dca0887.jpeg?width=1952&height=1301&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5901,3934,x0,y0 1952w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/31/43a4f690-c7f8-47f5-ab19-749b1dca0887.jpeg?width=736&height=491&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5901,3934,x0,y0 736w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/31/43a4f690-c7f8-47f5-ab19-749b1dca0887.jpeg?width=1472&height=981&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5901,3934,x0,y0 1472w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/31/43a4f690-c7f8-47f5-ab19-749b1dca0887.jpeg?width=375&height=250&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5901,3934,x0,y0 375w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/31/43a4f690-c7f8-47f5-ab19-749b1dca0887.jpeg?width=750&height=500&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=5901,3934,x0,y0 750w" class="image-placeholder__image" style="cursor:pointer;transform:scale(1);">  </div> <figcaption class="articlecomponent__description"> <div class="image-description image-description--fullwidth"><h2 data-nzz-tid="image-description-caption" data-team-image-caption="true" class="image-description__caption image-description__caption--large">Besucher sehen sich den druckregulierten Wassertank an, der Teil der unterirdischen Wasserableitungstunnels ist. Aufnahme vom 4. Juli 2024.</h2> <div class="image-description__author"><span data-nzz-tid="image-description-author" class="image-description__author-single">Issei Kato / Reuters</span></div></div></figcaption> </figure><p data-team-footnote="" id="id-doc-1icijtrg10" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="footnote" data-vars-danzz-last-article-element="true" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent footnote nzzinteraction">Anmerkung der Redaktion: In einer früheren Version dieses Artikels hiess es, Japan investiere bis 2040 umgerechnet über 214 Millionen Franken, um den Hochwasserschutz der Region Tokio auszubauen. Die Zahl bezog sich aber nur auf einen Teil des Ausbaus. In den Gesamtausbau wird mehr Geld gesteckt. 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teaser--articlelist-a "><div id="id-ld_1838943" data-nzz-tid="teaser" data-nzz-ct="" class="teaser teaser__layout--regular teaser--size-articlelist-a">    <div flag-item="[object Object]" flag-size="articlelist-a" class="poster poster--articlelist-a poster--articlelist-a-regular"><figure class="poster__figure poster__figure--image"><a href="/wissenschaft/die-stadt-wird-zum-schwamm-um-wasser-zu-speichern-das-soll-bei-der-anpassung-an-den-klimawandel-helfen-ld.1838943" data-nzz-referrer="articleTeaser" class="teaser__link teaser__link--poster teaser__link--poster-articlelist-a"><div class="image-placeholder poster__placeholder" style="padding-bottom:100%;"><img alt="Die Stadt Kopenhagen lebte schon immer mit dem Wasser. (Francis Josph Dean / Imago)" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" loading="lazy" srcset="https://img.nzz.ch/2021/9/22/0e54cdce-a762-4248-85cd-3d663d7a7db0.jpeg?width=72&height=72&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=2848,2848,x720,y0 72w, https://img.nzz.ch/2021/9/22/0e54cdce-a762-4248-85cd-3d663d7a7db0.jpeg?width=144&height=144&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=2848,2848,x720,y0 144w" width="2848" height="2848" class="image-placeholder__image poster__image">    </div></a></figure></div>  <div class="teaser__content teaser__content--articlelist-a"><a href="/wissenschaft/die-stadt-wird-zum-schwamm-um-wasser-zu-speichern-das-soll-bei-der-anpassung-an-den-klimawandel-helfen-ld.1838943" data-nzz-referrer="articleTeaser" ordinal-number="1" class="teaser__link"><div class="teaser__wrapper">   <h2 class="teaser__title teaser__title--articlelist-a teaser__title--regular teaser__title--0">  <span class="teaser__title-name first">Die Stadt wird zum Schwamm, um Wasser zu speichern – das soll bei der Anpassung an den Klimawandel helfen</span></h2>  <div class="teaser__lead teaser__lead--articlelist-a teaser__lead--regular">Beim Konzept der Schwammstadt geht es darum, dass urbane Räume überschüssiges Wasser aufnehmen und zur Kühlung später wieder abgeben können. Hier sind drei Beispiele dafür, wie das funktioniert.</div> </div>  </a> <div bookmark-type="article" bookmark-sub-type="teaser" class="metainfo metainfo--articlelist-a metainfo--regular"><div class="metainfo__main metainfo__main--regular"> <div class="metainfo__wrapper"> <span class="metainfo__item metainfo__item--author">Brigitte Wenger</span> <time class="metainfo__item metainfo__item--date">11.07.2024</time>  <span data-tooltip="Lesezeit 6 min" class="metainfo__item metainfo__item--reading-time"><svg version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="reading-time__icon nzz-icons--small nzz-icons--icon nzz-icons--fill"><path stroke="currentColor" fill="none" pid="0" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-linecap="round" _stroke-linejoin="round" d="M11.77 7.39v5.62l3.8 1.32"/><circle stroke="currentColor" fill="none" pid="1" cx="12" cy="12" r="8.5" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-linecap="round" _stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg> <span>6 min</span></span> </div> </div> <div class="metainfo__actions metainfo__actions--regular ">  </div></div> </div></div> </article><article data-source-element-widget="" class="teaser--article teaser--articlelist-a "><div id="id-ld_1781431" data-nzz-tid="teaser" data-nzz-ct="" class="teaser teaser__layout--opinion teaser--no-poster teaser--size-articlelist-a teaser--flag-opinion">      <div class="teaser__content teaser__content--articlelist-a"><a href="/meinung/das-wasser-wird-knapp-lasst-uns-unsere-staedte-fluten-ld.1781431" data-nzz-referrer="articleTeaser" ordinal-number="2" class="teaser__link"><div class="teaser__wrapper"><div class="flag-opinion"><div class="metainfo metainfo__main metainfo__main--flag-opinion"> <div class="metainfo__wrapper"><div class="teaser__flag teaser__flag--colored teaser__flag--articlelist-a teaser__flag--articlelist-a-opinion"><span class="teaser__flag--text"> Kommentar </span>  </div> <span class="metainfo__item metainfo__item--author">von Melanie Gicquel</span></div></div></div>   <h2 class="teaser__title teaser__title--articlelist-a teaser__title--opinion teaser__title--1">  <span class="teaser__title-name">Das Wasser wird knapp: Lasst uns unsere Städte fluten!</span></h2>  <div class="teaser__lead teaser__lead--articlelist-a teaser__lead--opinion">Statt zuzusehen, wie Unwetter die Kanalisation überfordern, sollten wir Plätze, Strassen und Freizeitanlagen gezielt überfluten lassen. Der gesammelte Regen hilft uns gegen die Hitze.</div> </div>  </a> <div bookmark-type="article" bookmark-sub-type="teaser" class="metainfo metainfo--articlelist-a metainfo--opinion"><div class="metainfo__main metainfo__main--opinion"> <div class="metainfo__wrapper">  <time class="metainfo__item metainfo__item--date">20.08.2022</time>  <span data-tooltip="Lesezeit 4 min" class="metainfo__item metainfo__item--reading-time"><svg version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="reading-time__icon nzz-icons--small nzz-icons--icon nzz-icons--fill"><path stroke="currentColor" fill="none" pid="0" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-linecap="round" _stroke-linejoin="round" d="M11.77 7.39v5.62l3.8 1.32"/><circle stroke="currentColor" fill="none" pid="1" cx="12" cy="12" r="8.5" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-linecap="round" _stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg> <span>4 min</span></span> </div> </div> <div class="metainfo__actions metainfo__actions--opinion ">  </div></div> </div></div> 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The system kicked in four times in June, more than all of last year, capturing water before pumping it safely into the Edogawa River and out to sea. \"Compared to years past, there's a tendency for a great deal of rain to come down all at once in what we call guerrilla downpours,\" said Yoshio Miyazaki, the land ministry official in charge of the complex. \"If this facility didn't exist, the water levels of the main Nakagawa River and its tributaries could rise much higher, leading to flooding of homes and even deaths,\" he said. REUTERS\u002FIssei Kato SEARCH \"KATO JAPAN TUNNELS\" FOR THIS STORY. SEARCH \"WIDER IMAGE\" FOR ALL STORIES. TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY",origins:[{name:l,identifier:"2161294499"}],crop:{x:j,y:dn,width:aG,height:bZ,name:do0},namedCrops:[{x:j,y:dn,width:aG,height:bZ,name:do0,url:aF},{x:1174,y:j,width:dp,height:A,name:"tablet",url:aF},{x:2200,y:j,width:2246,height:A,name:"mobile",url:aF}],imageService:s},jw:{service:"jw-hero",params:{versions:[{key:"mediaid"}]}},title:B,quelle:t,lead:aH,author:ac,article:{content:{}}},prevElement:a,nextElement:d,firstContentElement:c},{component:g,identifier:d,id:"doc-1ibh52a641",content:{text:"Noch bevor man die riesige unterirdische Halle, den Underground Shrine bei Tokio, sieht, fühlt man sie. Mit jeder Stufe in die Tiefe wird es kühler. Und das kommt einem sehr gelegen, denn oberirdisch will der japanische Sommer auch im Oktober nicht enden. Es ist 30 Grad heiss und feucht.\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E"},prevElement:dk,nextElement:b_},{id:"doc-c953a2e7",identifier:b_,prevElement:d,nextElement:d},{component:g,identifier:d,id:"doc-1ibh52a642",content:{text:"Ist man unten angekommen, ist die Erderwärmung erst einmal vergessen. Angenehme 20 Grad. Und vor allem: Wow! Dieser Schrein verdient seinen Namen. In die Halle – 177 Meter lang, 78 Meter breit und 18 Meter hoch – würde locker das Wasser von 66 olympischen Schwimmbecken hineinpassen. Man ist plötzlich sehr winzig."},paidContent:c,prevElement:b_,nextElement:d},{component:g,identifier:d,id:"doc-1ibh52a643",content:{text:"Mit dem aufgeheizten Klima werden Niederschläge stärker. Dicht verbaute Städte können diese Wassermassen nicht schlucken. Die Metropolen Tokio, London und Chicago schützen sich mit gigantischen Anlagen vor Überschwemmungen, und auch Schweizer Städte ergreifen Gegenmassnahmen."},paidContent:c,prevElement:d,nextElement:o},{component:a$,identifier:o,id:"doc-1ibh52a644",content:{title:"Eine Halle wie in «Herr der Ringe»",id:"subtitle-eine-halle-wie-in-herr-der-ringe"},styles:{"subtitle-type":ba},contentTable:b,paidContent:c,prevElement:d,nextElement:i},{component:ak,identifier:i,id:"doc-1ibh52a640",content:{image:{originalUrl:"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002F2024\u002F10\u002F25\u002F9824a479-a1a6-4f51-8d04-3c3d375e9546.jpeg",url:dq,mediaId:"wTOgQkdmoVso",key:"2024\u002F10\u002F25\u002F9824a479-a1a6-4f51-8d04-3c3d375e9546.jpeg",width:5266,height:3511,mimeType:r,altText:"A staff member of Metropolitan Outer Floodway Management Office demonstrates how to perform check-ups inside a pressure-adjusting water tank, part of a complex of underground water discharge tunnels constructed to protect Tokyo and its suburbs against floods during heavy rain and typhoon seasons, at the Metropolitan Outer Area Underground Discharge Channel in Kasukabe, Japan, July 4, 2024. In addition to its engineering ingenuity, the complex is a popular tourist spot and filming location with its 59 massive pillars and the dim interior, punctuated by spears of natural light from apertures in the ceiling, and towering pillars evoke an ancient religious structure, giving rise to names such as \"the cathedral\", \"the shrine” or \"the temple.\" REUTERS\u002FIssei Kato SEARCH \"KATO JAPAN TUNNELS\" FOR THIS STORY. SEARCH \"WIDER IMAGE\" FOR ALL STORIES. TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY",origins:[{name:l,identifier:dr}],imageService:s},caption:b$,author:t},styles:{position:aI},paidContent:c,prevElement:o,nextElement:d},{component:g,identifier:d,id:"doc-1ibh52a645",content:{text:"Besonders eindrücklich wirken die 59 Säulen, jede einzelne 500 Tonnen schwer. Sie tragen nicht nur die Decke, wie die Tourleiterin auf Japanisch erklärt, sondern bewahren die leere Halle auch davor, vom Wasserdruck im Boden angehoben zu werden. Deshalb sind es so viele. Um die Decke zu tragen, hätten auch weniger gereicht. Ihr Anblick erinnert an die Säulenhalle von Moria im Film «Herr der Ringe», und es würde nicht erstaunen, wenn plötzlich die Gefährten, angeführt vom Zauberer Gandalf, zwischen den Säulen erscheinen würden."},paidContent:c,prevElement:i,nextElement:d},{component:g,identifier:d,id:"doc-1ibh52a646",content:{text:"Doch die Halle wird für etwas ganz anderes genutzt. Sie ist Teil des Metropolitan Outer Area Underground Discharge Channel, auch «G-Cans» genannt. Das 6,3 Kilometer lange Tunnelsystem am Stadtrand Tokios wird bei starken Regenfällen geflutet, um die oberirdische Überschwemmung von Gemeinden und Feldern zu verhindern."},paidContent:c,prevElement:d,nextElement:ca},{component:"q-embed",identifier:ca,id:"doc-1ibh52a647",content:{"q-embed":{service:"q-tool",params:{id:ds,conf:{},toolConfig:{},toolRuntimeConfig:{size:{width:[{value:cb,comparison:"\u003E"}]},displayOptions:{hideTitle:b,hideSubtitle:b,hideFooter:b,hideAcronym:b}},size:dt}},html:" \u003Cdiv class=\"q-infographic-container\" id=\"q_infographic_23bf8b62febad1ff931bd9b178b6e509_q9db6cb9966344ff88034cba954e79a46_container\" data-q-item-id=\"23bf8b62febad1ff931bd9b178b6e509\" data-q-request-id=\"06c8978e629f9eb11e102dbd7c111184782b5ecb\" \u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",stylesheets:[{type:cc,content:"https:\u002F\u002Fsophieservicestage-2cac.kxcdn.com\u002Fbundle\u002Fsophie-font%23master,sophie-q%23master.css"},{type:al,content:" @font-face{ font-weight:50; font-family:nzz-sans-serif; 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Er bringt das Wasser in die Meeresbucht von Tokio. Allein im Juni dieses Jahres kam das System viermal zum Einsatz, öfter als im gesamten vergangenen Jahr."},paidContent:c,prevElement:ca,nextElement:d},{component:g,identifier:d,id:"doc-1ibh52a651",content:{text:"Dieses Tunnelsystem ist nicht neu, doch es ist noch immer eines der grössten weltweit. Gebaut wurde es von 1993 bis 2006 für umgerechnet etwa 1,3 Milliarden Franken. Damit war Tokio sehr früh dran. Die Region ist wie eine Schüssel geformt, so dass Starkregenfälle und der stark verbaute Boden schon damals zu Überschwemmungen geführt haben. Seither wurde das System fast 150-mal genutzt und hat dabei Schäden durch Überschwemmungen von geschätzt über 860 Millionen Franken verhindert. Die Frage ist allerdings, ob es auch in Zukunft noch ausreicht."},paidContent:c,prevElement:d,nextElement:i},{component:ak,identifier:i,id:"doc-1ibh55rc30",content:{image:{originalUrl:"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002F2024\u002F10\u002F31\u002Fe2783f9b-07c1-43e1-8337-bcf55006b281.jpeg",url:du,mediaId:"ZgQ7q2PydsOR",key:"2024\u002F10\u002F31\u002Fe2783f9b-07c1-43e1-8337-bcf55006b281.jpeg",width:2298,height:1532,mimeType:r,altText:"The Arakawa and Naka rivers are seen swollen due to heavy rains, triggered by the Typhoon Shanshan, in Tokyo, Japan, August 31, 2024. The system kicked in four times in June, more than all of last year, capturing water before pumping it safely into the Edogawa River and out to sea. \"Compared to years past, there's a tendency for a great deal of rain to come down all at once in what we call guerrilla downpours,\" said Yoshio Miyazaki, the land ministry official in charge of the complex. \"If this facility didn't exist, the water levels of the main Nakagawa River and its tributaries could rise much higher, leading to flooding of homes and even deaths,\" he said. REUTERS\u002FIssei Kato SEARCH \"KATO JAPAN TUNNELS\" FOR THIS STORY. SEARCH \"WIDER IMAGE\" FOR ALL STORIES.",origins:[{name:l,identifier:dv}],imageService:s},caption:"Die Flüsse Arakawa und Naka (der kleinere der beiden) sind aufgrund starker Regenfälle, die durch den Taifun Shanshan ausgelöst wurden, in Tokio angeschwollen. Aufnahme vom 31. August 2024.",author:t},styles:{position:aI},paidContent:c,prevElement:d,nextElement:d},{component:g,identifier:d,id:"doc-1ibh52a652",content:{text:"Je wärmer es wird, desto mehr und intensivere Starkregenfälle gibt es. Denn: «Steigt die Temperatur, nimmt die Menge an Wasserdampf in der Atmosphäre zu», sagt Seita Emori, japanischer Klimawissenschafter, Professor am Institut für Zukunftsinitiativen der Universität Tokio und Autor des Uno-Klimarats. Mit jedem Grad Celsius, um welches die Luft wärmer wird, kann sie etwa 7 Prozent mehr Wasser aufnehmen."},paidContent:c,prevElement:i,nextElement:d},{component:g,identifier:d,id:"doc-1ibh52a653",content:{text:"«Wir gehen davon aus, dass mit dem Temperaturanstieg in Zukunft noch nie da gewesene Regenmengen fallen werden», erläutert Emori. Für Japan werden mehr Taifune mit sintflutartigen Regenfällen prognostiziert."},paidContent:c,prevElement:d,nextElement:d},{component:g,identifier:d,id:"doc-1ibh52a654",content:{text:"Um Wassermassen in diesem Ausmass abfliessen zu lassen, sind Metropolen wie Tokio nicht ausgelegt. Im dicht bebauten Boden kann das Wasser nicht versickern, es drohen Überschwemmungen, die deutlich mehr kosten als der Hochwasserschutz. Deshalb baut Tokio seinen Abfluss aus."},paidContent:c,prevElement:d,nextElement:o},{component:a$,identifier:o,id:"doc-1ibh52a655",content:{title:"Ein Projekt, das Milliarden kostet",id:"subtitle-ein-projekt-das-milliarden-kostet"},styles:{"subtitle-type":ba},contentTable:b,paidContent:c,prevElement:d,nextElement:i},{component:ak,identifier:i,id:"doc-1ibheu1rf0",content:{image:{originalUrl:"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002F2024\u002F10\u002F31\u002F8b6b703b-2ff6-4a66-82b5-0440b4e7b014.jpeg",url:dw,mediaId:"YQQiv7mytUlz",key:"2024\u002F10\u002F31\u002F8b6b703b-2ff6-4a66-82b5-0440b4e7b014.jpeg",width:5646,height:3764,mimeType:r,altText:"A member of staff works on the construction of the Ring Road No. 7 Underground Regulating Reservoir, near Nogata station in Tokyo, Japan, July 16, 2024. The system kicked in four times in June, more than all of last year, capturing water before pumping it safely into the Edogawa River and out to sea. \"Compared to years past, there's a tendency for a great deal of rain to come down all at once in what we call guerrilla downpours,\" said Yoshio Miyazaki, the land ministry official in charge of the complex. \"If this facility didn't exist, the water levels of the main Nakagawa River and its tributaries could rise much higher, leading to flooding of homes and even deaths,\" he said. REUTERS\u002FIssei Kato SEARCH \"KATO JAPAN TUNNELS\" FOR THIS STORY. SEARCH \"WIDER IMAGE\" FOR ALL STORIES.",origins:[{name:l,identifier:dx}],imageService:s},caption:"Hier sind Arbeiten am unterirdischen Regulierungsreservoir Ring Road Nr. 7 zu sehen. Aufnahme vom 16. Juli 2024 in der Nähe des Bahnhofs Nogata in Tokio, Japan.",author:t},styles:{position:aI},paidContent:c,prevElement:o,nextElement:d},{component:g,identifier:d,id:"doc-1ibh52a656",content:{text:"Japan baut den Hochwasserschutz der Hauptstadtregion Tokio bis 2040 weiter aus. Das Netz von Zisternen und Wasserkanälen, das nach dem Vorbild der «G-Cans» an vielen Orten unter ganz Tokio verläuft, ist bis anhin auf Niederschlag bis 75 Millimeter pro Stunde ausgelegt. Doch es häufen sich Taifune, die lokal bis zu 100 Millimeter pro Stunde bringen können. Das überfordert Tokios Kanalsystem."},data:{},paidContent:c,prevElement:i,nextElement:d},{component:g,identifier:d,id:"doc-1ibh52a657",content:{text:"Zudem machen der steigende Meeresspiegel und mögliche Tsunamis der Stadt zu schaffen. Zum Hochwasserschutz Tokios gehören denn auch breite, unbebaute Flussufer, wo Wasser versickern kann, sowie Dämme und Schleusen, die Flussmündungen schliessen, damit kein Wasser von aussen in die Stadt eindringen kann."},paidContent:c,prevElement:d,nextElement:cd},{component:dy,identifier:cd,id:"doc-1ibh52a658",content:{"alias-teaser-embed":{service:ce,params:{type:dy,layout:[bb],mediaId:1644131}},article:{metadata:{teaserAuthor:dz,contentTypeGroup:am,significantUpdate:b,urlAliasTeaser:cf,language:{label:dA,locale:x},title:"NZZ Planet A",urlLabel:"Abonnieren Sie hier unseren Newsletter",designName:bc,significantUpdateTill:"2021-09-07T02:01:58.761Z",department:{path:C,level:ad,name:u},publicationDate:dB,firstPublicationDate:dB,authorLine:"Jenni Thier",numberOfContentComponents:dC,leadText:"Der Klimawandel ist nicht das Ende, sondern der Aufbruch in eine neue Zeit – voller Ideen, Chancen, Innovationen und neuer Wege. Wie leben wir mit dem Klimawandel? Welche Denker finden die besten Lösungen? Wie wird sich das Leben verändern? Finden Sie es mit uns heraus.",publicationLastUpdated:"2022-07-18T08:56:08.692Z",nzzArticleSnippet:"Der Klimawandel ist nicht das Ende, sondern der Aufbruch in eine neue Zeit – voller Ideen, Chancen, Innovationen und neuer Wege. Wie leben wir mit dem Klimawandel? Welche Denker finden die besten Lösungen? Wie wird sich das Leben verändern? Finden Sie es mit uns heraus.",urlPath:cf,teaserImage:{imageService:s,width:dD,originalUrl:"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002F2021\u002F9\u002F6\u002F2b5c1392-19e6-4ef2-a801-f819ac79cdc0.jpeg",mimeType:r,crops:[{x:j,width:dD,name:cg,y:253,isAutomatic:c,url:"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002F2021\u002F9\u002F6\u002F2b5c1392-19e6-4ef2-a801-f819ac79cdc0.jpeg?crop=3508,1973,x0,y253&width=1024&quality=75&auto=webp",height:1973,ratio:ch},{x:514,width:ci,name:cj,y:j,isAutomatic:c,url:"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002F2021\u002F9\u002F6\u002F2b5c1392-19e6-4ef2-a801-f819ac79cdc0.jpeg?crop=2480,2480,x514,y0&width=1024&quality=75&auto=webp",height:ci,ratio:ad}],mediaId:"pJni4ZsAr73S",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002F2021\u002F9\u002F6\u002F2b5c1392-19e6-4ef2-a801-f819ac79cdc0.jpeg?width=1024&quality=75&auto=webp",key:"2021\u002F9\u002F6\u002F2b5c1392-19e6-4ef2-a801-f819ac79cdc0.jpeg",height:ci},nzzId:"ld.1644131",url:cf,dependencies:{js:[{componentIds:["doc-1fetntatu0"],src:"\u002F\u002Fassets.static-nzz.ch\u002Flivingdocs\u002Fresrc-0.9.0.min.js",namespace:"browserPlugins.resrcit"}]},layout:bb,embeds:{images:[{author:dz,caption:" planet ground in air sight of space PUBLICATIONxINxGERxSUIxAUTxONLY Copyright: xxedos4x Panthermedia02721967",origins:[{identifier:"2080503068",name:l}],url:"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002FO=75\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fnzz-img.s3.amazonaws.com\u002F2021\u002F9\u002F6\u002F2b5c1392-19e6-4ef2-a801-f819ac79cdc0.jpeg"}],q_embeds:[],videos:[]},teaserCaption:"planet ground in air sight of space PUBLICATIONxINxGERxSUIxAUTxONLY Copyright: xxedos4x Panthermedia02721967",breadcrumbs:[{path:C,name:u}],documentId:"1644131"}}},paidContent:c,prevElement:d,nextElement:d},{component:g,identifier:d,id:"doc-1ibh52a659",content:{text:"Tokio ist mit diesen Problemen nicht allein. Auch andere Städte sind daran, unter- und oberirdisch mehr Kapazität zu schaffen, um Wasser abfliessen zu lassen."},paidContent:c,prevElement:cd,nextElement:d},{component:g,identifier:d,id:"doc-1ibh52a6510",content:{text:"London zum Beispiel entwässert über eine 150 Jahre alte Kanalisation. Die sei für eine Bevölkerung gebaut worden, die halb so gross gewesen sei wie heute, so schreibt es die Stadt auf der \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.tideway.london\u002F\"\u003EWebsite der Tideway London\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Infolgedessen fliessen jedes Jahr viele Millionen Kubikmeter ungeklärtes Abwasser in die Themse."},paidContent:c,prevElement:d,nextElement:d},{component:g,identifier:d,id:"doc-1ibh52a6511",content:{text:"Nun baut die Stadt einen 25 Kilometer langen Kanal, den «Super Sewer», Supersauger, wie die Tideway auch genannt wird. Er verläuft unter der Themse und soll zum einen das Abwasser der Londoner statt in die Themse in eine Kläranlage ausserhalb der Stadt leiten. Zum anderen soll er die Wassermassen der zunehmenden Stark- und Extremregenfälle auffangen, damit diese die marode Kanalisation nicht noch häufiger zum Überlaufen bringen."},paidContent:c,prevElement:d,nextElement:i},{component:ak,identifier:i,id:"doc-1ibh52a6512",content:{image:{originalUrl:"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002F2024\u002F10\u002F25\u002F7d0d6d2d-087a-466c-9c02-a0e914c86a10.jpeg",url:dE,mediaId:"3NfVALCExtNk",key:"2024\u002F10\u002F25\u002F7d0d6d2d-087a-466c-9c02-a0e914c86a10.jpeg",width:5512,height:3650,mimeType:r,altText:"Engineer Jason Lyon poses as he walks along a section of the Thames Tideway Tunnel - commonly known as the 'Super Sewer' - a 25 kilometre tunnel running across London under and along the River Thames which, on completion in 2024, will be operated by Thames Water to deal with combined sewer overflows currently polluting the river, in London, Britain, June 29, 2023. REUTERS\u002FToby Melville",origins:[{name:l,identifier:dF}],imageService:s},caption:"Der Ingenieur Jason Lyon im Thames Tideway Tunnel, bekannt als «Super Sewer». Der 25 Kilometer lange Tunnel wird nach seiner Fertigstellung im Jahr 2024 von Thames Water betrieben werden, um die derzeitige Verschmutzung des Flusses durch Abwasserkanäle zu beseitigen.",author:dG},styles:{position:aI},paidContent:c,prevElement:d,nextElement:d},{component:g,identifier:d,id:"doc-1ibh52a6513",content:{text:"Oder Chicago. Kurze, starke Regenfälle haben immer schon die Strassen der Stadt überflutet. Kein Wunder, sie wurde auf sumpfigem Untergrund gebaut. Die Erwärmung der Atmosphäre verschärft diese Regenfälle. Mit den Überschwemmungen gelangt Abwasser in den Lake Michigan und verunreinigt ihn. Der riesige See ist die Trinkwasserquelle für zehn Millionen Menschen."},paidContent:c,prevElement:i,nextElement:d},{component:g,identifier:d,id:"doc-1ibh52a6514",content:{text:"Wie Tokio baut auch Chicago das Abwassersystem seit vielen Jahren aus. Nun entsteht die grösste Abwassergrube der Welt, das oberirdische \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmwrd.org\u002Fwhat-we-do\u002Ftunnel-and-reservoir-plan-tarp\u002Fmccook-tarp-reservoir-live-stream\"\u003EMcCook-Reservoir\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Fertiggestellt im Jahr 2029, wird es fast 38 Millionen Kubikmeter Wasser fassen und 150-mal grösser sein als der Underground Shrine in Tokio. Ist der Starkregen vorbei, wird das gesammelte Wasser gereinigt und in Flüsse geleitet."},paidContent:c,prevElement:d,nextElement:d},{component:g,identifier:d,id:"doc-1ibh52a6515",content:{text:"Doch man weiss schon heute: Das Reservoir wird nicht reichen. Bei der Planung hatte man die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels, wie wir sie heute kennen, nicht einberechnet."},paidContent:c,prevElement:d,nextElement:o},{component:a$,identifier:o,id:"doc-1ibh52a6516",content:{title:"Auch in der Schweiz nimmt Starkregen zu",id:"subtitle-auch-in-der-schweiz-nimmt-starkregen-zu"},styles:{"subtitle-type":ba},contentTable:b,paidContent:c,prevElement:d,nextElement:d},{component:g,identifier:d,id:"doc-1ibh52a660",content:{text:"Und was macht die Schweiz? Es gibt es zwar keine Taifune, aber auch hier hat die Niederschlagsmenge von einzelnen Starkniederschlägen seit 1901 um 12 Prozent zugenommen. Und mit der fortschreitenden Erderwärmung ist damit zu rechnen, dass Stark- und Extremniederschläge noch intensiver werden, selbst wenn die durchschnittliche Niederschlagsmenge zurückgeht. Der Boden, die Kanalisation, die Oberflächengewässer müssen in kurzer Zeit viel Wasser aufnehmen und ableiten können."},paidContent:c,prevElement:o,nextElement:d},{component:g,identifier:d,id:"doc-1ibh52a661",content:{text:"Schweizer Städte setzen primär auf Entsiegelung statt auf Abfluss. «Zentral für den Umgang mit grossen Wassermengen ist eine moderne Siedlungsentwässerung», schreibt Maria Colon, Mediensprecherin Entsorgung und Recycling Zürich, auf Anfrage. Regenwasser soll nicht so schnell wie möglich in die Kanalisation fliessen, wie es früher der Fall war, sondern im Boden zurückgehalten werden. Versiegelte Flächen würden gar vermehrt vom Kanalnetz abgetrennt."},paidContent:c,prevElement:d,nextElement:d},{component:g,identifier:d,id:"doc-1ibh52a662",content:{text:"Damit das Regenwasser von Bäumen und Pflanzen aufgenommen werden kann sowie beim Verdunsten die Hitze mildert, muss es auf Dächern, Plätzen und im Boden temporär zurückgehalten werden. Das soll gleichzeitig Trockenperioden überbrücken und die Kanalisation und die Abwasserreinigungsanlagen entlasten. Denn fliesst zu viel Regenwasser in die Abwasserreinigungsanlagen, kann mit ihm auch ungereinigtes Abwasser in die Bäche und Flüsse gelangen."},paidContent:c,prevElement:d,nextElement:o},{component:a$,identifier:o,id:"doc-1ibh52a663",content:{title:"Die Kanalisation muss entlastet werden",id:"subtitle-die-kanalisation-muss-entlastet-werden"},styles:{"subtitle-type":ba},contentTable:b,paidContent:c,prevElement:d,nextElement:i},{component:ak,identifier:i,id:"doc-1ibh52a667",content:{image:{originalUrl:"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002F2024\u002F10\u002F22\u002Fc3ced4f5-a036-4f2f-ae0c-0970aea13051.jpeg",url:dH,mediaId:"oYidThGzFnIl",key:"2024\u002F10\u002F22\u002Fc3ced4f5-a036-4f2f-ae0c-0970aea13051.jpeg",width:5508,height:3672,mimeType:r,altText:"Die Tunnelbohrmaschine im Entlastungsstollen Sihl-Zuerichsee, fotografiert am Dienstag, 22. Oktober 2024 in Langnau am Albis. (KEYSTONE\u002FTil Buergy)",origins:[{name:l,identifier:dI}],imageService:s},caption:"Die Tunnelbohrmaschine im Entlastungsstollen Sihl–Zürichsee, fotografiert am Dienstag, 22. Oktober 2024, in Langnau am Albis.",author:dJ},styles:{position:aI},paidContent:c,prevElement:o,nextElement:d},{component:g,identifier:d,id:"doc-1ibh52a664",content:{text:"Die Kanalisation der Stadt Zürich ist auf Starkregenereignisse ausgelegt, die hier bis anhin etwa alle zehn Jahre vorkommen, 22 Millimeter in 10 Minuten. «Wir beheben Engpässe in der Kanalisation», sagt Colon, «gehen aber nicht davon aus, dass die Abwasserkanäle in Zukunft generell auszubauen und ihre Abflusskapazitäten zu erhöhen sind.»"},paidContent:c,prevElement:i,nextElement:d},{component:g,identifier:d,id:"doc-1ibh52a665",content:{text:"Sie betont, dass bei der Nutzung unseres Bodens noch etwas anderes zu beachten ist: «Unser Untergrund wird vielfältig genutzt. In Tiefbauprojekten müssen Kanalisation, Stromleitungen, Wasserleitungen und Fernwärmenetze gut koordiniert werden.» Die Entwässerung der Städte ist auch ein Kompromiss."},paidContent:c,prevElement:d,nextElement:d},{component:g,identifier:d,id:"doc-1ibh52a666",content:{text:"Was im Moment gebaut wird, ist der Entlastungsstollen, der die Sihl durch einen zwei Kilometer langen Kanal in den Zürichsee entwässert, von Gattikon bis Thalwil. Es ist dasselbe Prinzip wie in Tokio. Führt die Sihl extrem viel Wasser, drohen allein der Stadt Zürich Gebäudeschäden von über 6 Milliarden Franken, \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zh.ch\u002Fde\u002Fplanen-bauen\u002Fwasserbau\u002Fwasserbauprojekte\u002Fentlastungsstollen-sihl-zuerichsee.html\"\u003Ewie der Kanton auf seiner Website schreibt\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Ab 2026 soll der Stollen ein Hochwasser verhindern, das geschätzt alle 500 Jahre eintritt."},paidContent:c,prevElement:d,nextElement:i},{component:ak,identifier:i,id:"doc-1ibhev9i91",content:{image:{originalUrl:"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002F2024\u002F10\u002F31\u002F43a4f690-c7f8-47f5-ab19-749b1dca0887.jpeg",url:dK,mediaId:"5d1J6Zs0TNNw",key:"2024\u002F10\u002F31\u002F43a4f690-c7f8-47f5-ab19-749b1dca0887.jpeg",width:5901,height:3934,mimeType:r,altText:"Visitors look up a pressure-adjusting water tank, which is part of a complex of underground water discharge tunnels constructed to protect Tokyo and its suburbs against floods during heavy rain and typhoon seasons, at the Metropolitan Outer Area Underground Discharge Channel in Kasukabe, Japan, July 4, 2024. In addition to its engineering ingenuity, the complex is a popular tourist spot and filming location with its 59 massive pillars and the dim interior, punctuated by spears of natural light from apertures in the ceiling, and towering pillars evoke an ancient religious structure, giving rise to names such as \"the cathedral\", \"the shrine” or \"the temple.\" REUTERS\u002FIssei Kato SEARCH \"KATO JAPAN TUNNELS\" FOR THIS STORY. SEARCH \"WIDER IMAGE\" FOR ALL STORIES.",origins:[{name:l,identifier:dL}],imageService:s},caption:"Besucher sehen sich den druckregulierten Wassertank an, der Teil der unterirdischen Wasserableitungstunnels ist. Aufnahme vom 4. Juli 2024.",author:t},styles:{position:"image--fullwidth"},paidContent:c,prevElement:d,nextElement:ck},{component:"footnote",identifier:ck,id:"doc-1icijtrg10",content:{text:"Anmerkung der Redaktion: In einer früheren Version dieses Artikels hiess es, Japan investiere bis 2040 umgerechnet über 214 Millionen Franken, um den Hochwasserschutz der Region Tokio auszubauen. Die Zahl bezog sich aber nur auf einen Teil des Ausbaus. In den Gesamtausbau wird mehr Geld gesteckt. Die Passage wurde angepasst."},paidContent:c,prevElement:i,nextElement:cl,lastContentElement:c},{component:"sharebox",identifier:cl,id:"doc-1ibh52a668",paidContent:c,prevElement:ck,nextElement:dM},{component:"moreToSubject",identifier:dM,id:"doc-1ibem5ilt0",content:{title:"Passend zum Artikel",hasArticleTags:c,relevantTopic:dN},containers:{"moreToSubject-area":[{component:dO,identifier:dP,id:"doc-1ibem5ilu0",content:{"link-box-embed":{service:ce,params:{type:dQ,layout:[bd,dR,dS,dT,bb,dU,D,dV,dW,cm,cn,co,dX,be,cp,cq,cr,cs],mediaId:1838943}},article:{metadata:{contentTypeGroup:am,teaserAuthor:"Francis Josph Dean \u002F Imago",firstTitle:dY,significantUpdate:b,teaserGallery:{images:[],style:a},language:{groupId:"w1qN-uDZro-o",locale:x},title:dY,seoTitle:"Das Konzept Schwammstadt: Urbane Wasserbewirtschaftung im Klimawandel",nzzAuthors:[{external:c,name:dZ,id:d_,shortName:d$}],designName:bc,teaserCarouselStyle:a,significantUpdateTill:"2024-07-11T15:30:00.000Z",nzzEditor:[{external:b,name:"Sven Titz (svt)",id:1455385,shortName:"svt"}],department:{path:p,premium:b,level:ad,name:k},publicationDate:ea,slug:"die-stadt-wird-zum-schwamm-um-wasser-zu-speichern-das-soll-bei-der-anpassung-an-den-klimawandel-helfen",firstPublicationDate:ea,owner:an,nzzCharacterCount:9707,authorLine:ac,lastProofreadRevision:61646097,numberOfContentComponents:eb,leadText:"Beim Konzept der Schwammstadt geht es darum, dass urbane Räume überschüssiges Wasser aufnehmen und zur Kühlung später wieder abgeben können. 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