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class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Medieval period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medieval_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_Raj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_Raj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>British Raj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_Raj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post_Independence_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post_Independence_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Post Independence period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post_Independence_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Administrative background</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administrative_background-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Administrative background subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Administrative_background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Assembly_Constituencies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assembly_Constituencies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Assembly Constituencies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assembly_Constituencies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_representatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_representatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Public representatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_representatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_festivals_and_fairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_festivals_and_fairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Religious festivals and fairs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_festivals_and_fairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Places_of_pilgrimage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Places_of_pilgrimage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Places of pilgrimage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Places_of_pilgrimage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Haridwar district</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="منطقة هاريدوار – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="منطقة هاريدوار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE" title="হরিদ্বার জেলা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হরিদ্বার জেলা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haridwar_(ko%C4%81n)" title="Haridwar (koān) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Haridwar (koān)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="हरिद्वार जिला – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="हरिद्वार जिला" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Districte_d%27Hardwar" title="Districte d'Hardwar – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Districte d'Hardwar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haridwar_(distrito)" title="Haridwar (distrito) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Haridwar (distrito)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haridwar_(Distrikt)" title="Haridwar (Distrikt) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Haridwar (Distrikt)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distrito_de_Haridwar" title="Distrito de Haridwar – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Distrito de Haridwar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haridwar_barrutia" title="Haridwar barrutia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Haridwar barrutia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="بخش حاریدوار – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بخش حاریدوار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/District_de_Haridwar" title="District de Haridwar – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="District de Haridwar" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0_%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8B" title="હરદ્વાર જિલ્લો – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="હરદ્વાર જિલ્લો" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="हरिद्वार जिला – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हरिद्वार जिला" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distretto_di_Haridwar" title="Distretto di Haridwar – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Distretto di Haridwar" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE" title="हरिद्वार जिल्हा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हरिद्वार जिल्हा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="هاريدوار – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هاريدوار" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haridwar_(district)" title="Haridwar (district) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Haridwar (district)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="हरिद्वार जिल्ला – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="हरिद्वार जिल्ला" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haridwar_(distrikt)" title="Haridwar (distrikt) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Haridwar (distrikt)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B6%D9%84%D8%B9_%DB%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="ضلع ہریدوار – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ضلع ہریدوار" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haridwar_(dystrykt)" title="Haridwar (dystrykt) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Haridwar (dystrykt)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80_(%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3)" title="Хардвар (округ) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хардвар (округ)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="हरिद्वारमण्डलम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="हरिद्वारमण्डलम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8_%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9B" title="ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱫᱣᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱫᱣᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haridwarin_piirikunta" title="Haridwarin piirikunta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Haridwarin piirikunta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardwar_(distrikt)" title="Hardwar (distrikt) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hardwar (distrikt)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="அரித்துவார் மாவட்டம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அரித்துவார் மாவட்டம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE" title="హరిద్వార్ జిల్లా – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="హరిద్వార్ జిల్లా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80_(%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3)" title="Харідвар (округ) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Харідвар (округ)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B6%D9%84%D8%B9_%DB%81%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="ضلع ہری دوار – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ضلع ہری دوار" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E5%8E%BF" title="赫里德瓦尔县 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="赫里德瓦尔县" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2270438#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Haridwar_district&params=29.96_N_78.16_E_type:city(1890422)_region:IN-UK"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">29°58′N</span> <span class="longitude">78°10′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">29.96°N 78.16°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">29.96; 78.16</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haridwar_District&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Haridwar District">Haridwar District</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Weasel plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Weasel" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">weasel words</a>: vague phrasing that often accompanies <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">biased</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">unverifiable</a> information</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Such statements should be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">clarified or removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2017</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">District of Uttarakhand in India</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Haridwar district</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Hardwar district</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Uttarakhand" title="List of districts of Uttarakhand">District</a> of <a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="background-color:black;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid black;width:250px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:1px 0 0 1px"><div style="display:table;background-color:black;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Haridwar_Ganga_6.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Haridwar_Ganga_6.JPG/124px-Haridwar_Ganga_6.JPG" decoding="async" width="124" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Haridwar_Ganga_6.JPG/186px-Haridwar_Ganga_6.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Haridwar_Ganga_6.JPG/248px-Haridwar_Ganga_6.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mansa_Devi_Temple,_Haridwar.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Mansa_Devi_Temple%2C_Haridwar.JPG/124px-Mansa_Devi_Temple%2C_Haridwar.JPG" decoding="async" width="124" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Mansa_Devi_Temple%2C_Haridwar.JPG/186px-Mansa_Devi_Temple%2C_Haridwar.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Mansa_Devi_Temple%2C_Haridwar.JPG/248px-Mansa_Devi_Temple%2C_Haridwar.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:black;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chandi_Devi_Mandir,Haridwar.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Chandi_Devi_Mandir%2CHaridwar.JPG/124px-Chandi_Devi_Mandir%2CHaridwar.JPG" decoding="async" width="124" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Chandi_Devi_Mandir%2CHaridwar.JPG/186px-Chandi_Devi_Mandir%2CHaridwar.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Chandi_Devi_Mandir%2CHaridwar.JPG/248px-Chandi_Devi_Mandir%2CHaridwar.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_River_Ganga_at_Haridwar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/The_River_Ganga_at_Haridwar.jpg/124px-The_River_Ganga_at_Haridwar.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/The_River_Ganga_at_Haridwar.jpg/186px-The_River_Ganga_at_Haridwar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/The_River_Ganga_at_Haridwar.jpg/248px-The_River_Ganga_at_Haridwar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:black;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hindu_god_Shiva_murti_statue_near_Ganges_in_Haridwar_India_sights_culture_beliefs_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Hindu_god_Shiva_murti_statue_near_Ganges_in_Haridwar_India_sights_culture_beliefs_2015.jpg/250px-Hindu_god_Shiva_murti_statue_near_Ganges_in_Haridwar_India_sights_culture_beliefs_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="336" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Hindu_god_Shiva_murti_statue_near_Ganges_in_Haridwar_India_sights_culture_beliefs_2015.jpg/375px-Hindu_god_Shiva_murti_statue_near_Ganges_in_Haridwar_India_sights_culture_beliefs_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Hindu_god_Shiva_murti_statue_near_Ganges_in_Haridwar_India_sights_culture_beliefs_2015.jpg/500px-Hindu_god_Shiva_murti_statue_near_Ganges_in_Haridwar_India_sights_culture_beliefs_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2964" data-file-height="3981" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Haridwar_in_Uttarakhand_(India).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location in Uttarakhand"><img alt="Location in Uttarakhand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Haridwar_in_Uttarakhand_%28India%29.svg/250px-Haridwar_in_Uttarakhand_%28India%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Haridwar_in_Uttarakhand_%28India%29.svg/375px-Haridwar_in_Uttarakhand_%28India%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Haridwar_in_Uttarakhand_%28India%29.svg/500px-Haridwar_in_Uttarakhand_%28India%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="957" data-file-height="795" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location in Uttarakhand</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="mw-kartographer-container thumb tnone center"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 225px;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme" style="width: 225px; height: 225px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="225" data-height="225" data-overlays="["_d04f446caf140a1912b6bb3f6fda5b3839826cd6"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,a,a,a,225x225.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Haridwar_district&revid=1257781314&groups=_d04f446caf140a1912b6bb3f6fda5b3839826cd6" width="225" height="225" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,a,a,a,225x225@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Haridwar_district&revid=1257781314&groups=_d04f446caf140a1912b6bb3f6fda5b3839826cd6 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="thumbcaption"><b>Haridwar district</b></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Haridwar_district&params=29.96_N_78.16_E_type:city(1890422)_region:IN-UK"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">29°58′N</span> <span class="longitude">78°10′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">29.96°N 78.16°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">29.96; 78.16</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">State</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Haridwar" title="Haridwar">Haridwar</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Zilla</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent">Zilla Panchayath</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/District_collector" class="mw-redirect" title="District collector">District collector</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Dhiraj Singh Garbiyal <a href="/wiki/Indian_Administrative_Service" title="Indian Administrative Service">IAS</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,360 km<sup>2</sup> (910 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">249.7 m (819.2 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2011)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,890,422</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">801/km<sup>2</sup> (2,070/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Haridwari</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Languages<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Official</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hindi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi language">Hindi</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Native</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Khari_boli" class="mw-redirect" title="Khari boli">khari boli</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B5:30" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+5:30">UTC+5:30</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Telephone code</th><td class="infobox-data">01334</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">UK-08</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://haridwar.nic.in">haridwar<wbr />.nic<wbr />.in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Haridwar district</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Hindi:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="hi-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">[ɦəɾɪd̪waːɾ]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/33\/Haridwar.ogg\/Haridwar.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Haridwar.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/33/Haridwar.ogg/Haridwar.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Haridwar.ogg" title="File:Haridwar.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>), also spelled <b>Hardwar</b>, is part of <a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> that lies in the <a href="/wiki/Doab" title="Doab">Doab</a> region, where people traditionally speak <a href="/wiki/Kauravi_dialect" title="Kauravi dialect">Khariboli</a>. It is headquartered at <a href="/wiki/Haridwar" title="Haridwar">Haridwar</a> which is also its largest city. The district is ringed by the districts <a href="/wiki/Dehradun_district" title="Dehradun district">Dehradun</a> in the north and east, <a href="/wiki/Pauri_Garhwal_district" title="Pauri Garhwal district">Pauri Garhwal</a> in the east and the <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a> districts of <a href="/wiki/Muzaffarnagar_district" title="Muzaffarnagar district">Muzaffarnagar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bijnor_district" title="Bijnor district">Bijnor</a> in the south and <a href="/wiki/Saharanpur_district" title="Saharanpur district">Saharanpur</a> in the west. </p><p>Haridwar district came into existence on 28 December 1988 as part of <a href="/wiki/Saharanpur_division" title="Saharanpur division">Saharanpur Divisional Commissionary</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-geo_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geo-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 24 September 1998 <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a> Legislative Assembly passed the 'Uttar Pradesh Reorganisation Bill', 1998',<sup id="cite_ref-indianexpress.com_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indianexpress.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> eventually the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament</a> also passed the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_Federal_Legislation" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian Federal Legislation">Indian Federal Legislation</a> – 'Uttar Pradesh Reorganisation Act 2000', and thus on 9 November 2000,<sup id="cite_ref-Uttarakhand_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Uttarakhand-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Haridwar became part of the newly formed <a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a> (then Uttaranchal), the 27th state of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of India">Republic of India</a>. </p><p>As of 2011 it is the most populous district of Uttarakhand (out of <a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Uttarakhand" title="List of districts of Uttarakhand">13</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-districtcensus_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-districtcensus-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Important towns in the district are <a href="/wiki/Haridwar" title="Haridwar">Haridwar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Heavy_Electrical_Limited,_Ranipur" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharat Heavy Electrical Limited, Ranipur">BHEL Ranipur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roorkee" title="Roorkee">Roorkee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manglaur" title="Manglaur">Manglaur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dhandera" title="Dhandera">Dhandera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jhabrera" title="Jhabrera">Jhabrera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laksar" title="Laksar">Laksar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Landhaura" title="Landhaura">Landhaura</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mohanpur_Mohammadpur" title="Mohanpur Mohammadpur">Mohanpur</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haridwar_district&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Haridwar district, covering an area of about 12.3 km per square, is in the southwestern part of Uttarakhand state of India. Its latitude and longitude are 29.96-degree north and 78.16-degree east respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Main_Ganga_river,_before_the_Bhimgoda_barrage,_Haridwar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Main_Ganga_river%2C_before_the_Bhimgoda_barrage%2C_Haridwar.jpg/250px-Main_Ganga_river%2C_before_the_Bhimgoda_barrage%2C_Haridwar.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Main_Ganga_river%2C_before_the_Bhimgoda_barrage%2C_Haridwar.jpg/375px-Main_Ganga_river%2C_before_the_Bhimgoda_barrage%2C_Haridwar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Main_Ganga_river%2C_before_the_Bhimgoda_barrage%2C_Haridwar.jpg/500px-Main_Ganga_river%2C_before_the_Bhimgoda_barrage%2C_Haridwar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="798" /></a><figcaption><i>Neel Dhara Bird Sanctuary</i> at the main Ganges Canal, before <i>Bhimgoda barrage</i>, also showing signs of an ancient port.</figcaption></figure> <p>The river Ganges flows through it in a series of channels separated from each other called aits, most of which are wooded. Other minor seasonal streams are Ranipur Rao, Pathri Rao, Rawii Rao, Harnaui Rao, and Begam Nadi.<sup id="cite_ref-urban_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urban-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A large part of the district is forested.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haridwar_district&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Average temperatures are mostly cooler than that of other parts of the country. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nature_and_wildlife">Nature and wildlife</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haridwar_district&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Nature and wildlife"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The wooded <a href="/wiki/Rajaji_National_Park" title="Rajaji National Park">Rajaji National Park</a>, a wildlife sanctuary, is within the bounds of the district and is accessible through different gates; Ranipur and Chilla Gates are just about 9 km from Haridwar. <i>Sureshvari Devi Mandir</i>, a temple of Goddess Sureshwari, is situated in Rajaji National Park. <i>Cheela Dam</i> is a picnic spot with a dam and a man-made lake nearby; elephants and other wild animals could be easily spotted here.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <i>Neel Dhara Pakshi Vihar</i> is a bird sanctuary, situated on the main Ganges river, or Neel Dhara, at the <a href="/wiki/Bhimgoda_Barrage" title="Bhimgoda Barrage">Bhimgoda Barrage</a>; it is visited by bird watchers and home to migratory birds during the winter season.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haridwar_district&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ganga_Mahabalipuram.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ganga_Mahabalipuram.jpg/220px-Ganga_Mahabalipuram.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ganga_Mahabalipuram.jpg/330px-Ganga_Mahabalipuram.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ganga_Mahabalipuram.jpg/440px-Ganga_Mahabalipuram.jpg 2x" data-file-width="779" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Prince <a href="/wiki/Bhagiratha" title="Bhagiratha">Bhagirath</a> in penance for the salvation of 60,000 of his ancestors.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Haridwar_in_scriptures" title="Haridwar in scriptures">Haridwar in scriptures</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Saharanpur_division" title="Saharanpur division">Saharanpur division</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legends">Legends</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haridwar_district&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Legends"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A discourse of <a href="/wiki/Bhishma" title="Bhishma">Bhishma</a> in the Vana Parva (Tirtha-yatra Parva) Section XC of <a href="/wiki/The_Mahabharata" class="mw-redirect" title="The Mahabharata">The Mahabharata</a> notes:<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><i>O! <a href="/wiki/Yudhishthira" title="Yudhishthira">Yudhishthira</a>, the spot where <a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganga</a> rusheth past, cleaving the foremost of mountains which is frequented by <a href="/wiki/Gandharvas" class="mw-redirect" title="Gandharvas">Gandharvas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yakshas" class="mw-redirect" title="Yakshas">Yakshas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rakshasas" class="mw-redirect" title="Rakshasas">Rakshasas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apsaras" class="mw-redirect" title="Apsaras">Apsaras</a>, and inhabited by hunters, and <a href="/wiki/Kinnara_kingdom" title="Kinnara kingdom">Kinnaras</a>, is called </i>Gangadwara<i> (Haridwar). O! King, <a href="/wiki/Sanatkumara" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanatkumara">Sanatkumara</a> regardeth that spot visited by <a href="/wiki/Brahmarshi" title="Brahmarshi">Brahmarshis</a>, as also the <a href="/wiki/Tirtha_(Hinduism)" title="Tirtha (Hinduism)">Tirtha</a> <a href="/wiki/Kankhal" title="Kankhal">Kanakhala</a> (that is near to it), as sacred.</i></dd></dl> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">Hindu literature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daksha" title="Daksha">Daksha</a> <a href="/wiki/Prajapati" title="Prajapati">Prajapati</a>, father of <a href="/wiki/Dakshayani" class="mw-redirect" title="Dakshayani">Dakshayani</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dakshayani" class="mw-redirect" title="Dakshayani">Sati</a>), Shiva's first wife, was a ruler here. He performed a <a href="/wiki/Daksha_yajna" title="Daksha yajna">yagna</a>, to which he deliberately did not invite Shiva. When he arrived uninvited, he was further insulted by the king, seeing which <a href="/wiki/Dakshayani" class="mw-redirect" title="Dakshayani">Sati</a> felt infuriated and self-immolated herself in the <a href="/wiki/Homa_(ritual)" title="Homa (ritual)">yajna-fire</a>. This site is regarded to be at the Sati Kund as it is called now, situated in <a href="/wiki/Kankhal" title="Kankhal">Kankhal</a>. The heart and navel of <a href="/wiki/Dakshayani" class="mw-redirect" title="Dakshayani">Sati</a> are believed to have fallen at the place which is the present site of the <a href="/wiki/Maya_Devi_Temple,_Haridwar" title="Maya Devi Temple, Haridwar">Maya Devi Temple, Haridwar</a>, dating back to the 11th century.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daksha was later killed by <a href="/wiki/Virabhadra" title="Virabhadra">Virabhadra</a>, born out of Shiva's anger. Subsequently, the king was brought to life and given a goat's head by <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Skanda_Purana" title="Skanda Purana">Skanda Purana</a> mentions a legend, in which <a href="/wiki/Chanda_and_Munda" title="Chanda and Munda">Chanda and Munda</a>, the asuras who fought under <a href="/wiki/Sumbha_and_Nisumbha" class="mw-redirect" title="Sumbha and Nisumbha">Sumbha and Nisumbha</a> were killed by goddess <a href="/wiki/Chandi" title="Chandi">Chandi</a>. This site, according to <a href="/wiki/Sthala_purana" title="Sthala purana">regional legend</a>, is regarded to be at the location of the <a href="/wiki/Chandi_Devi_Temple,_Haridwar" title="Chandi Devi Temple, Haridwar">Chandi Devi Temple</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sage <a href="/wiki/Kapila" title="Kapila">Kapila</a> is regarded to have had an <a href="/wiki/Ashram" title="Ashram">ashram</a> here. The legendary King <a href="/wiki/Bhagiratha" title="Bhagiratha">Bhagiratha</a>, the great-grandson of the <a href="/wiki/Solar_dynasty" title="Solar dynasty">Suryavamsha</a> King <a href="/wiki/Sagara_(Vedic_king)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sagara (Vedic king)">Sagara</a>, (an ancestor of <a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is said to have brought the river <a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a> down from <a href="/wiki/Svarga" title="Svarga">heaven</a>, through years of penance in <a href="/wiki/Satya_Yuga" title="Satya Yuga">Satya Yuga</a>, for the salvation of 60,000 of his ancestors from the curse of the saint <a href="/wiki/Kapila" title="Kapila">Kapila</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gangotri1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gangotri1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vishnu is said to have left his footprint on the stone that is set in the upper wall of Har-Ki-Pauri (literally, "footsteps of the Lord"), where the Ganges touches it at all times. Devout <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a> perform ritualistic bathing here on the banks of the river <a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a>, an act considered to be the equivalent of washing away one's sins to attain <a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">moksha</a>. </p><p>Seven sages or <a href="/wiki/Saptarishi" class="mw-redirect" title="Saptarishi">Saptarishis</a>, namely <a href="/wiki/Kashyapa" title="Kashyapa">Kashyapa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vashistha" class="mw-redirect" title="Vashistha">Vashishta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atri" title="Atri">Atri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vishwamitra" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishwamitra">Vishvamitra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jamadagni" title="Jamadagni">Jamadagni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bharadwaja" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharadwaja">Bharadvaja</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Maharishi" title="Gautama Maharishi">Gautama</a>, are said to have meditated at the site of the Sapt Rishi Ashram and Sapt Rishi Sarovar, a place near Haridwar, where the Ganges split into seven currents, so that the <a href="/wiki/Rishi" title="Rishi">rishis</a> would not be disturbed by the flow. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Vana_Parva" title="Vana Parva">Vana Parva</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Mahabharat" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahabharat">Mahabharata</a>, where sage Dhaumya tells <a href="/wiki/Yudhishthira" title="Yudhishthira">Yudhishthira</a> about the <a href="/wiki/Tirtha_(Hinduism)" title="Tirtha (Hinduism)">tirthas</a> of India, Gangadwara, i.e. Haridwar and <a href="/wiki/Kankhal" title="Kankhal">Kankhal</a>, have been referred to;<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the text also mentions that the sage <a href="/wiki/Agastya" title="Agastya">Agastya</a> performed a penance here, with the help of his wife, <a href="/wiki/Lopamudra" title="Lopamudra">Lopamudra</a> (the princess of <a href="/wiki/Vidharba" class="mw-redirect" title="Vidharba">Vidharba</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is said that while <a href="/wiki/Pandavas" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandavas">Pandavas</a> were going to <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a> through Haridwar, prince <a href="/wiki/Bhima" title="Bhima">Bhima</a> drew water from the rocks here, by thrusting his knee (goda) into the ground at the present site of 'Bhimagoda' situated at a distance of about 1 km from Har-ki-Pauri. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_period">Ancient period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haridwar_district&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ancient period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Archaeological findings have proved that <a href="/wiki/Terra_cotta" class="mw-redirect" title="Terra cotta">terra cotta</a> culture dating between 1700 BCE and 1200 BCE existed in this region.<sup id="cite_ref-history_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Haridwar came under the rule of the <a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya Empire</a> (322–185 BCE), and later under the <a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan Empire</a> (c. 1st–3rd centuries). </p><p>It is believed that the sacred Ghat <a href="/wiki/Har_ki_Pauri" class="mw-redirect" title="Har ki Pauri">Har ki Pauri</a> was constructed by King <a href="/wiki/Vikramaditya" title="Vikramaditya">Vikramaditya</a> (1st century BC) in memory of his brother <a href="/wiki/Bharthari_(king)" title="Bharthari (king)">Bharthari</a>, who had come to Haridwar and meditated on the banks of holy Ganges and died here. </p><p>First ancient era written evidence of Haridwar is found in the accounts of a Chinese traveller, <a href="/wiki/Xuanzang" title="Xuanzang">Huan Tsang</a>, who visited India in 629 CE,<sup id="cite_ref-kub_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kub-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Harsha" title="Harsha">King Harshavardhan</a> (590–647). He records Haridwar as 'Mo-yu-lo', the remains of which still exist at Mayapur, a little to the south of the modern Haridwar town; among the ruins are a fort and three temples, decorated with broken stone sculptures.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gaze_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gaze-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also mentions the presence of a temple, north of Mo-yu-lo called 'Gangadwara', Gateway of the Ganges.<sup id="cite_ref-gaze_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gaze-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is believed that <a href="/wiki/Shankaracharya" title="Shankaracharya">Adi Shankracharya</a> had visited this region and the existing main statue of <a href="/wiki/Chandi_Devi_Temple,_Haridwar" title="Chandi Devi Temple, Haridwar">Chandi Devi Temple</a> was established by him in 8th century A.D. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval_period">Medieval period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haridwar_district&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Medieval period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Haridwar region was a part of <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a>. The armies of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Timur" title="Timur">Timur</a> (1336–1405), a Turkic conqueror, had passed through this region on 13 January 1399 to attack <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his visit, first Sikh Guru, <a href="/wiki/Guru_Nanak" title="Guru Nanak">Guru Nanak</a> (1469–1539) bathed at Haridwar's 'Kushwan Ghat', wherein the famous, 'watering the crops' episode took place.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His visit is today commemorated by a <a href="/wiki/Gurudwara" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurudwara">gurudwara</a> (Gurudwara Nanakwara); according to two Sikh <a href="/wiki/Janamsakhis" title="Janamsakhis">Janamsakhis</a>, this visit took place on the <a href="/wiki/Baisakhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Baisakhi">Baisakhi</a> day in 1504 CE. He later had also visited <a href="/wiki/Kankhal" title="Kankhal">Kankhal</a> en route to <a href="/wiki/Kotdwara" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotdwara">Kotdwara</a> in <a href="/wiki/Garhwal_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Garhwal Division">Garhwal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-janam_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-janam-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Besides this, third Sikh Guru, Sri <a href="/wiki/Amar_Das" class="mw-redirect" title="Amar Das">Amar Das</a> also visited Hardwar twenty two times during his lifetime.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">The Mughal period</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Ain-e-Akbari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ain-e-Akbari">Ain-e-Akbari</a>, written by <a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Fazl_ibn_Mubarak" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak">Abul Fazal</a> in the 16th century during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal</a> Emperor <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a>, refers to Maya (Mayapur), known as Hardwar on the <a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a>, as sacred city of Hindus.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also mentions that during his travels, and also while at home, <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal Emperor">Mughal Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a> drank water from the <a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a> river, which he called 'the water of immortality'. Special people were stationed at Sorun and later Haridwar to dispatch water, in sealed jars, to wherever he was stationed.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is said that Akbar's famous Commander-in-Chief, Raja <a href="/wiki/Man_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Man Singh">Man Singh</a> of <a href="/wiki/Amber,_India" title="Amber, India">Amber</a>, laid the foundation of the present day city of Haridwar and also renovated the ghats at Har-ki-pauri. After his death, his ashes are also said to have been immersed at Brahma Kund by Mughal emperor <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a> himself. <i><a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a> Kund</i> (literally "Brahma's reservoir") at <a href="/wiki/Har_ki_Pauri" class="mw-redirect" title="Har ki Pauri">Har ki Pauri</a>, Haridwar is one among the four sites where drops of the elixir of immortality, <a href="/wiki/Amrita" title="Amrita">Amrita</a>, accidentally spilled over from <a href="/wiki/Kumbha" title="Kumbha">the pitcher</a>, in which it was being carried away by the celestial bird <a href="/wiki/Garuda" title="Garuda">Garuda</a>, after the <a href="/wiki/Samudra_manthan" class="mw-redirect" title="Samudra manthan">Samudra manthan</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Devas</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Asuras" class="mw-redirect" title="Asuras">Asuras</a>. The famous <a href="/wiki/Kumbh_Mela" title="Kumbh Mela">Kumbh Melas</a> are held at these four sites in rotation, to commemorate the event. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Coryat" title="Thomas Coryat">Thomas Coryat</a>, an English traveller, who visited the city in the reign of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir">Jahangir</a> (1596–1627) mentions it as 'Haridwara', the capital of Shiva.<sup id="cite_ref-gaze_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gaze-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_Raj">British Raj</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haridwar_district&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: British Raj"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Head_of_Ganges_Canal,_Haridwar,_1894-1898.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Head_of_Ganges_Canal%2C_Haridwar%2C_1894-1898.jpg/220px-Head_of_Ganges_Canal%2C_Haridwar%2C_1894-1898.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Head_of_Ganges_Canal%2C_Haridwar%2C_1894-1898.jpg/330px-Head_of_Ganges_Canal%2C_Haridwar%2C_1894-1898.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Head_of_Ganges_Canal%2C_Haridwar%2C_1894-1898.jpg/440px-Head_of_Ganges_Canal%2C_Haridwar%2C_1894-1898.jpg 2x" data-file-width="976" data-file-height="525" /></a><figcaption>Head of <a href="/wiki/Ganges_Canal" title="Ganges Canal">Ganges Canal</a>, Haridwar, ca <i>1894–1898.</i></figcaption></figure> <p>The Ganges Canal was opened in 1854 after the work began in April 1842,<sup id="cite_ref-Ganges_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ganges-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> prompted by the famine of 1837–38.<sup id="cite_ref-Ganges_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ganges-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The unique feature of the canal is the half-kilometre-long <a href="/wiki/Aqueduct_(water_supply)" title="Aqueduct (water supply)">aqueduct</a> over Solani river at <a href="/wiki/Roorkee" title="Roorkee">Roorkee</a>, which raises the canal 25 metres above the original river. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:United_Provinces_1903.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/United_Provinces_1903.gif/220px-United_Provinces_1903.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/United_Provinces_1903.gif/330px-United_Provinces_1903.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/United_Provinces_1903.gif/440px-United_Provinces_1903.gif 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Haridwar as a part of the <a href="/wiki/United_Provinces_of_Agra_and_Oudh" title="United Provinces of Agra and Oudh">United Province</a>, 1903</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post_Independence_period">Post Independence period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haridwar_district&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Post Independence period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1947, when India achieved independence from the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British</a> colonial subjugation, the region of present Haridwar district was a part of the then <a href="/wiki/Saharanpur_district" title="Saharanpur district">Saharanpur district</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/United_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="United Province">United Province</a> of the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a>; the province was renamed as <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a> state of India. The Haridwar district came into existence on 28 December 1988 as part of <a href="/wiki/Saharanpur_division" title="Saharanpur division">Saharanpur Divisional Commissionary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-geo_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geo-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 24 September 1998 <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a> Legislative Assembly passed the 'Uttar Pradesh Reorganisation Bill', 1998';<sup id="cite_ref-indianexpress.com_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indianexpress.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> eventually the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament</a> also passed the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_Federal_Legislation" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian Federal Legislation">Indian Federal Legislation</a> – 'Uttar Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000' – and thus on 9 November 2000,<sup id="cite_ref-Uttarakhand_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Uttarakhand-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Haridwar district became part of the newly formed <a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a> (then Uttaranchal), the 27th state in the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of India">Republic of India</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haridwar_district&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">329,839</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1911</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">311,436</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.57%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">296,103</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.50%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">329,914</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.09%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1941</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">373,042</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.24%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1951</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">427,574</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.37%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1961</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">504,582</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.67%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1971</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">670,764</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.89%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">890,260</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.87%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1,124,488</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+2.36%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,447,187</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.56%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,890,422</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.71%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">source:<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="notheme barbox tleft" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#Fcd116"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religions in Haridwar district (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-religion_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-religion-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Religion</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">Percent</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:darkorange; width:64.27%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">64.27%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:green; width:34.28%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">34.28%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:darkkhaki; width:0.92%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.92%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other or not stated</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:black; width:0.53%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.53%</td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="5" style="padding:5px; text-align:left;">Distribution of religions</td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/2011_census_of_India" title="2011 census of India">2011 census</a> Haridwar district has a <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_India" title="Demographics of India">population</a> of 1,890,422,<sup id="cite_ref-districtcensus_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-districtcensus-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> roughly equal to the nation of <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a><sup id="cite_ref-cia_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or the US state of <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This gives it a ranking of 244th in India (out of a total of <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of India">640</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-districtcensus_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-districtcensus-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The district has a population density of 817 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,120/sq mi) .<sup id="cite_ref-districtcensus_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-districtcensus-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its <a href="/wiki/Family_planning_in_India" title="Family planning in India">population growth rate</a> over the decade 2001–2011 was 30.63%.<sup id="cite_ref-districtcensus_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-districtcensus-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Haridwar has a <a href="/wiki/Sex_ratio" title="Sex ratio">sex ratio</a> of 880 <a href="/wiki/Women_in_India" title="Women in India">females</a> for every 1000 males,<sup id="cite_ref-districtcensus_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-districtcensus-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a <a href="/wiki/Literacy_in_India" title="Literacy in India">literacy rate</a> of 73.43%. <b>Scheduled Castes</b> and Scheduled Tribes make up <b>21.76%</b> and 0.33% of the population respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-districtcensus_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-districtcensus-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among various communities found in the district, <a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jats" title="Jats">Jats</a> (dominating) and <a href="/wiki/Vaishya" title="Vaishya">Vaishya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khatri" title="Khatri">Punjabis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saini" title="Saini">Sainis</a> are considered as major votebanks.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:grey; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 510.26992795778px; border-left-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 97.028652687155px; border-left-color:orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:orange"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Languages of Haridwar district (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-census2011-C16_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-C16-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:orange; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> (87.26%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:green; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> (9.66%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:grey; color:black;"> </span> Others (3.08%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>The main language of Haridwar is <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> (87.3%), <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> at 9.7%. <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Garhwali_language" title="Garhwali language">Garhwali</a> are also spoken by small minorities.<sup id="cite_ref-census2011-C16_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-C16-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <th colspan="4">Hardwar district: mother-tongue of population, according to the <a href="/wiki/2011_Indian_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Indian Census">2011 Indian Census</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-census2011-C16_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-C16-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th>Mother tongue code </th> <th>Mother tongue </th> <th>People </th> <th>Percentage </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>002007</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> </td> <td align="right">3,708 </td> <td align="right">0.2% </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>006102</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_language" title="Bhojpuri language">Bhojpuri</a> </td> <td align="right">3,201 </td> <td align="right">0.2% </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>006195</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Garhwali_language" title="Garhwali language">Garhwali</a> </td> <td align="right">14,638 </td> <td align="right">0.8% </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>006207</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gojri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gojri language">Gojri/Gujjari/Gujar</a> </td> <td align="right">2,329 </td> <td align="right">0.1% </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>006240</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> </td> <td align="right">1,649,529 </td> <td align="right">87.3% </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>006340</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kumauni_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumauni language">Kumauni</a> </td> <td align="right">1,805 </td> <td align="right">0.1% </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>013071</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a> </td> <td align="right">964 </td> <td align="right">0.1% </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>014011</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a> </td> <td align="right">1,055 </td> <td align="right">0.1% </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>016038</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a> </td> <td align="right">15,570 </td> <td align="right">0.8% </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>019014</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a> </td> <td align="right">1,094 </td> <td align="right">0.1% </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>022015</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a> </td> <td align="right">182,536 </td> <td align="right">9.7% </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>053005</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gujari_language" title="Gujari language">Gujari</a> </td> <td align="right">6,270 </td> <td align="right">0.3% </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td align="center">– </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_India" title="Languages of India">Others</a> </td> <td align="right">7,723 </td> <td align="right">0.4% </td></tr> <tr valign="top" class="sortbottom"> <td colspan="2">Total </td> <td align="right">1,890,422 </td> <td align="right">100.0% </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_background">Administrative background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haridwar_district&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Administrative background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Haridwar district is ringed by <a href="/wiki/Saharanpur" title="Saharanpur">Saharanpur</a> in the west, <a href="/wiki/Dehradun" title="Dehradun">Dehradun</a> in the north west and north, <a href="/wiki/Pauri_Garhwal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pauri Garhwal">Pauri Garhwal</a> in the east, <a href="/wiki/Muzaffarnagar" title="Muzaffarnagar">Muzaffarnagar</a> in south and <a href="/wiki/Bijnor" title="Bijnor">Bijnor</a> in the south-east. Prior to its inclusion in the newly created state of Uttarakhand in 2000, this district was a part of Saharanpur Divisional Commissionary. </p><p>The district is administratively subdivided into four <a href="/wiki/Tehsil" title="Tehsil">tehsils</a>: Haridwar, <a href="/wiki/Roorkee" title="Roorkee">Roorkee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhagwanpur,_Uttarakhand" title="Bhagwanpur, Uttarakhand">Bhagwanpur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laksar" title="Laksar">Laksar</a>. It is further divided into six development blocks: <a href="/wiki/Bhagwanpur_(Uttarakhand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhagwanpur (Uttarakhand)">Bhagwanpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roorkee" title="Roorkee">Roorkee</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Narsan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Narsan (page does not exist)">Narsan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahadrabad" title="Bahadrabad">Bahadrabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laksar" title="Laksar">Laksar</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khanpur_(Uttarakhand)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khanpur (Uttarakhand) (page does not exist)">Khanpur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-geo_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geo-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Haridwar_district_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haridwar_district-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The district headquarters is in Roshnabad, at a distance of about 12 km from Haridwar railway station. The office of Chief Development Officer is in Vikas Bhawan, Roshnabad. The Collectorate, Vikas Bhawan, District Judiciary, S.S.P. Office, Police line, District Jail, District sports stadium, Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya etc. are the prime establishments of this area. Many other administration offices like Lok Seva Ayog and Sanskrit Academy are established here. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assembly_Constituencies">Assembly Constituencies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haridwar_district&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Assembly Constituencies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haridwar(Uttarakhand_Assembly_constituency)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haridwar(Uttarakhand Assembly constituency) (page does not exist)">Haridwar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BHEL_Ranipur(Uttarakhand_Assembly_constituency)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BHEL Ranipur(Uttarakhand Assembly constituency) (page does not exist)">BHEL Ranipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jwalapur_(Uttarakhand_Assembly_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jwalapur (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)">Jwalapur (SC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagwanpur_(Uttarakhand_Assembly_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhagwanpur (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)">Bhagwanpur (SC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhabrera_(Uttarakhand_Assembly_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jhabrera (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)">Jhabreda (SC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piran_Kaliyar_(Uttarakhand_Assembly_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Piran Kaliyar (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)">Piran Kaliyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roorkee_(Uttarakhand_Assembly_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roorkee (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)">Roorkee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanpur_(Uttarakhand_Assembly_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Khanpur (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)">Khanpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manglaur_(Uttarakhand_Assembly_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Manglaur (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)">Manglaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laksar_(Uttarakhand_Assembly_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Laksar (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)">Laksar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haridwar_Rural(Uttarakhand_Assembly_constituency)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haridwar Rural(Uttarakhand Assembly constituency) (page does not exist)">Haridwar Rural</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_representatives">Public representatives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haridwar_district&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Public representatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The district has a single <a href="/wiki/Haridwar_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haridwar (Lok Sabha constituency)">Parliamentary</a> Constituency, and 11 <a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand_Legislative_Assembly" title="Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly">Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly</a> constituencies including, <a href="/wiki/Haridwar_(Uttarakhand_Assembly_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haridwar (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)">Haridwar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haridwar_Rural_(Uttarakhand_Assembly_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haridwar Rural (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)">Haridwar Rural</a>, <a href="/wiki/BHEL_Ranipur" class="mw-redirect" title="BHEL Ranipur">BHEL Ranipur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jwalapur_(Uttarakhand_Assembly_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jwalapur (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)">Jwalapur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhagwanpur_(Uttarakhand_Assembly_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhagwanpur (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)">Bhagwanpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roorkee_(Uttarakhand_Assembly_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roorkee (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)">Roorkee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piran_Kaliyar_(Uttarakhand_Assembly_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Piran Kaliyar (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)">Piran Kaliyar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khanpur_(Uttarakhand_Assembly_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Khanpur (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)">Khanpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manglaur_(Uttarakhand_Assembly_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Manglaur (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)">Manglaur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jhabrera_(Uttarakhand_Assembly_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jhabrera (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)">Jhabrera</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laksar_(Uttarakhand_Assembly_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Laksar (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)">Laksar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-geo_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geo-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Haridwar_district_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haridwar_district-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rep_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rep-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Current Member of Parliament (MP) from <a href="/wiki/Haridwar_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haridwar (Lok Sabha constituency)">Haridwar (Lok Sabha constituency)</a> is <a href="/wiki/Ramesh_Pokhriyal" title="Ramesh Pokhriyal">Nishank Pokhriyal</a>, and Member of <a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand_Legislative_Assembly" title="Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly">Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly</a> from Haridwar City is '<a href="/wiki/Madan_Kaushik" title="Madan Kaushik">Madan Kaushik</a>'.<sup id="cite_ref-rep_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rep-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Uttarakhand:_Winners_list_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Uttarakhand:_Winners_list-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haridwar_district&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Agriculture is the mainstay of this well irrigated district. Industrialisation had commenced with the establishment of Central Government owned Public Sector plants (PSUs) of [Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Ltd (IDPL)] and <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Heavy_Electricals_Limited" title="Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited">Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited</a>, in pre-Uttarakhand 1960s period. The <a href="/wiki/State_Industrial_Development_Corporation_of_Uttarakhand" class="mw-redirect" title="State Industrial Development Corporation of Uttarakhand">State Industrial Development Corporation of Uttarakhand</a> (SIDCUL) has now established one new 'industrial development zone' in the district, adjacent to <a href="/wiki/Shivalik_Nagar,_Haridwar" class="mw-redirect" title="Shivalik Nagar, Haridwar">Shivalik Nagar</a> near Haridwar, to encourage industrialisation; with industrial giants like Hindustan Lever, Patanjali Group of companies, Dabur, Mahendra & Mahendra and Havells having moved in, it is making the desired progress. Not insignificant to the district's economy is the contribution of Hindu pilgrims who visit the holy places and attend the religious fairs in large numbers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haridwar_district&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Haridwar district has several academic institutions, covering studies in sciences, engineering, technology and advanced research in the city of <a href="/wiki/Roorkee" title="Roorkee">Roorkee</a>. </p><p>Education in <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> based classics and Hindu religious/cultural disciplines is an age-old tradition in the district, mainly centred in and around <a href="/wiki/Haridwar" title="Haridwar">Haridwar</a> city. Some of the important institutions of this genre are: </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Gurukul_Kangri" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurukul Kangri">Gurukul Kangri</a></b>, situated in <a href="/wiki/Kankhal" title="Kankhal">Kankhal</a>, on the banks of river Ganges, on Haridwar-Jwalapur bypass road. It is one of the oldest Universities of India. It was founded in 1902, to study the unique <a href="/wiki/Gurukul" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurukul">Gurukul</a> based education system. Here Ancient Vedic and Sanskrit literature, Ayurveda, Philosophy are part of the curriculum besides modern sciences and journalism. Its 'Archaeological Museum', established in 1945,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> houses some rare statues, coins, paintings, manuscripts and artefacts, starting from <a href="/wiki/Harappa" title="Harappa">Harappa</a> culture (c.2500–1500 BC).<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a> visited the campus three times,<sup id="cite_ref-guru_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guru-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and stayed in its sprawling and serene campus for extended periods of time, most notably during the 1915 <a href="/wiki/Kumbh_mela" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumbh mela">Kumbh mela</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rishikesh_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rishikesh-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Vishwa Sanskrit Mahavidyalaya</b>, Haridwar. A Sanskrit University, set up by Govt. of Uttarakhand,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is the only university in the world dedicated to studies of ancient Sanskrit scriptures and books. Its curriculum also covers ancient Hindu rituals, traditions and culture, and it boasts of a building inspired by ancient Hindu architecture style.</li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Ayuevedic_College_%26_Hospital_Rishikul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State Ayuevedic College & Hospital Rishikul (page does not exist)">State Ayuevedic College & Hospital Rishikul</a></b>, Haridwar, is the oldest Ayurvedic Medical College of India. It is situated near Devpura in Haridwar on the banks of Upper Ganges Canal. It is also providing postgraduate education for Ayurveda. Soon it will be transformed as the first Ayuevedic University of Uttarakhand.</li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Govt_Ayurvedic_College_%26_Hospital,_Gurukul_Kangri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Govt Ayurvedic College & Hospital, Gurukul Kangri (page does not exist)">Govt Ayurvedic College & Hospital, Gurukul Kangri</a></b> of HNB Garhwal University is also one of the oldest <a href="/wiki/Ayurvedic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayurvedic">Ayurvedic</a> medical colleges in India. It is situated in Gurukul Kangri University Campus.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dev_Sanskriti_Vishwavidyalaya" title="Dev Sanskriti Vishwavidyalaya">Dev Sanskriti Vishwavidyalaya</a></b>: established in 2002 by the act of the Uttarnchal Government is a fully residential university. Run by Sri Vedmata Gayatri Trust, <a href="/wiki/Shantikunj" title="Shantikunj">Shantikunj</a> Haridwar (headquarters of All World Gayatri Pariwar), it provides various degree, diploma and certificate courses in areas like Yogic Science, Alternative Therapy, Indian Culture, Tourism, Rural Management, Theology (Dharm Vigyan), Spiritual Counseling etc. It also provides distance learning courses.</li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheel_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sheel Institute (page does not exist)">Sheel Institute</a></b> Situated in <a href="/wiki/Shivalik_Nagar,_Haridwar" class="mw-redirect" title="Shivalik Nagar, Haridwar">Shivalik Nagar</a>, 10 km (6.2 mi) from Haridwar city. one of the Best Computer Institute in Haridwar.</li></ul> <p>Modern <a href="/wiki/Ashram" title="Ashram">Ashrams</a> are also being established in the district for imparting training in <a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">yoga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">meditation</a> to people coming now from near and far, including foreign countries of the West : </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Shantikunj" title="Shantikunj">Shantikunj Ashram</a></b> provides a 9 days camp and one month / three months courses covering yoga, meditation, art of living, scientific spirituality etc.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_festivals_and_fairs">Religious festivals and fairs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haridwar_district&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Religious festivals and fairs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ganga_Dashara,_at_Haridwar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ganga_Dashara%2C_at_Haridwar.jpg/220px-Ganga_Dashara%2C_at_Haridwar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ganga_Dashara%2C_at_Haridwar.jpg/330px-Ganga_Dashara%2C_at_Haridwar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ganga_Dashara%2C_at_Haridwar.jpg/440px-Ganga_Dashara%2C_at_Haridwar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Ganga Dashara, at Haridwar</figcaption></figure> <p>Being a place of intense religious significance, Haridwar also hosts several religious festivals throughout the year; popular among them are the Kavad Mela, Somvati Amavasya Mela, Ganga Dashara, Gughal Mela, in which around 2–2.5 million people take part.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Apart from these, there is the mammoth <a href="/wiki/Kumbh_Mela" title="Kumbh Mela">Kumbh Mela</a> which takes place once in every twelve years, when the planet <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_(astrology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter (astrology)">Jupiter</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brihaspati" title="Brihaspati">Brihaspati</a>) comes into the sign <a href="/wiki/Aquarius_(astrology)" title="Aquarius (astrology)">Aquarius</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kumbha" title="Kumbha">Kumbha</a>). First written evidence of the Kumbha Mela can be found in the accounts of Chinese traveller Huan Tsang or <a href="/wiki/Xuanzang" title="Xuanzang">Xuanzang</a> (602 – 664 A.D.), who visited India in 629 CE.<sup id="cite_ref-kub_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kub-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1998 Maha <a href="/wiki/Kumbh_Mela" title="Kumbh Mela">Kumbh Mela</a> saw over 80 million pilgrims visiting this city, to take a dip in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy river">holy river</a> Ganges.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Places_of_pilgrimage">Places of pilgrimage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haridwar_district&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Places of pilgrimage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Evening_Aarti_at_Har-ki-Pauri,_Haridwar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Evening_Aarti_at_Har-ki-Pauri%2C_Haridwar.jpg/200px-Evening_Aarti_at_Har-ki-Pauri%2C_Haridwar.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Evening_Aarti_at_Har-ki-Pauri%2C_Haridwar.jpg/300px-Evening_Aarti_at_Har-ki-Pauri%2C_Haridwar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Evening_Aarti_at_Har-ki-Pauri%2C_Haridwar.jpg/400px-Evening_Aarti_at_Har-ki-Pauri%2C_Haridwar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>View of the 'Evening <a href="/wiki/Aarti" class="mw-redirect" title="Aarti">Aarti</a>' at <i>Har-ki-Pauri</i></figcaption></figure> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Har_ki_Pauri" class="mw-redirect" title="Har ki Pauri">Har ki Pauri</a></b>: One of the holiest spots on earth for the Hindus, this ancient bathing ghat (Steps) is of prime importance. A majority of the present ghats were largely developed in the 1800s.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Sati Kund</b>: It is the well-known mythological <a href="/wiki/Dakshayani" class="mw-redirect" title="Dakshayani">Sati</a> immolation heritage situated in <a href="/wiki/Kankhal" title="Kankhal">Kankhal</a>. </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/Daksheswara_Mahadev_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Daksheswara Mahadev Temple">Daksheswara Mahadev Temple</a></b>: The ancient temple of <a href="/wiki/Daksha" title="Daksha">Daksha</a> Mahadev, also known as <a href="/wiki/Daksheswara_Mahadev_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Daksheswara Mahadev Temple">Daksheswara Mahadev Temple</a>, is situated in the south of <a href="/wiki/Kankhal" title="Kankhal">Kankhal</a> town and is a tribute to the legends of Sati's self-immolated and king Daksha's death and later life with a goat's head. </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/Maya_Devi_Temple,_Haridwar" title="Maya Devi Temple, Haridwar">Maya Devi Temple</a></b>: This temple of the Adhisthatri deity of Haridwar is considered one of the <i>Siddhapeethas</i> and is said to be the place where the heart and navel of Goddess <a href="/wiki/Dakshayani" class="mw-redirect" title="Dakshayani">Sati</a> had fallen. It is one of the few ancient temples still standing in Haridwar, along with Narayani Shila Temple and Bhairav Temple.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Sapt Rishi Ashram and Sapt Rishi Sarovar</b>, where the Ganges split herself into seven currents so that seven great sages on its bank would not be disturbed by the flow. </p><p><b>Bhimgoda Tank</b>: This tank, where <a href="/wiki/Bhima" title="Bhima">Bhima</a> is said to have drawn water from the rocks by thrusting his knee into the ground, is situated at a distance of about 1 km from Har-ki-Pauri. </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/Chandi_Devi_Temple,_Haridwar" title="Chandi Devi Temple, Haridwar">Chandi Devi Temple</a></b>: The present temple, commemorating the ancient Chandi legend, was constructed in 1929 CE by the Dogra King of <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a>, Suchat Singh; it can also be reached through a ropeway. </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/Mansa_Devi_Temple,_Haridwar" title="Mansa Devi Temple, Haridwar">Mansa Devi Temple</a></b>: The temple dedicated to Mansa Devi, a form of Shakti draws many pilgrims. There are two ways to reach the temple – trekking or it can also be reached through a ropeway. </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/Piran_Kaliyar_Sharif" title="Piran Kaliyar Sharif">Piran Kaliyar Sharif</a></b>: This famous 'Dargah' (Shrine) of Hazrat <a href="/wiki/Alauddin_Sabir_Kaliyari" title="Alauddin Sabir Kaliyari">Alauddin Sabir Kaliyari</a>, a 13th-century <a href="/wiki/Sufi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi">Sufi</a> Saint of <a href="/wiki/Chishti_Order" title="Chishti Order">Chishti Order</a>, was built by <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Lodhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibrahim Lodhi">Ibrahim Lodhi</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a> ruler.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also known as <a href="/wiki/Sarkar_Sabir_Pak" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarkar Sabir Pak">Sarkar Sabir Pak</a>, it is located in Kaliyar village, 7 km from <a href="/wiki/Roorkee" title="Roorkee">Roorkee</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is a living example of religious harmony in India; it is visited by devotees from all over the world, during the annual '<a href="/wiki/Urs" title="Urs">Urs</a>' festival, which is celebrated from 1st day (of sighting the new moon) to 16th day of Rabee-ul-awwal month of Islamic calendar. </p><p><b> Rama Mandir</b>: This Rama temple is under construction at Bhupatwala and would be the biggest in size in India. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Shantikunj" title="Shantikunj">Shantikunj</a>: Shantikunj is headquarters of spiritual and social organisation All World Gayatri Pariwar (AWGP). Founder of the organisation, <a href="/wiki/Shriram_Sharma_Acharya" class="mw-redirect" title="Shriram Sharma Acharya">Pt. Shriram Sharma Acharya</a>, was a great saint, spiritual leader and <a href="/wiki/Indian_freedom_fighter" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian freedom fighter">freedom fightor</a>. He spent last twenty years of his life here, writing <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Shriram_Sharma_Acharya" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Shriram Sharma Acharya">literature</a> and directing activities of the organisation. <a href="/wiki/Shantikunj" title="Shantikunj">Shantikunj</a> is considered as a place of pilgrimage by millions of devotees of this <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.awgp.org">global organisation</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haridwar_district&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_58_(India)" title="National Highway 58 (India)">National Highway 58</a>, between <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mana_Pass" title="Mana Pass">Mana Pass</a>, passes through Haridwar. <a href="/wiki/Indian_Railways" title="Indian Railways">Indian Railways</a> links <a href="/wiki/Haridwar_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Haridwar Railway Station">Haridwar Railway Station</a> to all parts of India. The nearest airport is <a href="/wiki/Jolly_Grant_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Jolly Grant Airport">Jolly Grant Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dehradun" title="Dehradun">Dehradun</a>, 45 kilometres from <a href="/wiki/Haridwar" title="Haridwar">Haridwar</a>, though <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi_International_Airport" title="Indira Gandhi International Airport">Indira Gandhi International Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a> is preferred. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haridwar_district&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071210151555/http://haridwar.nic.in/history.htm">"History of Haridwar"</a>. <i>haridwar.nic.in</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://haridwar.nic.in/history.htm#Geography">the original</a> on 10 December 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=haridwar.nic.in&rft.atitle=History+of+Haridwar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fharidwar.nic.in%2Fhistory.htm%23Geography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaridwar+district" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euttaranchal.com/uttaranchal/haridwar.php">"Haridwar District Uttarakhand, Information Updates of Haridwar District Uttarakhand Uttaranchal India"</a>. Euttaranchal.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Haridwar+District+Uttarakhand%2C+Information+Updates+of+Haridwar+District+Uttarakhand+Uttaranchal+India&rft.pub=Euttaranchal.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euttaranchal.com%2Futtaranchal%2Fharidwar.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaridwar+district" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-geo-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-geo_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-geo_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-geo_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-geo_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://haridwar.nic.in/history.htm#Geography">Geography of Haridwar</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071210151555/http://haridwar.nic.in/history.htm">Archived</a> 10 December 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-indianexpress.com-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-indianexpress.com_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-indianexpress.com_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19980924/26750834.html">Reorganisation Bill passed by UP Govt</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090907185215/http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19980924/26750834.html">Archived</a> 7 September 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Express" title="The Indian Express">The Indian Express</a></i>, 24 September 1998.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Uttarakhand-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Uttarakhand_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Uttarakhand_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://india.gov.in/business/investment_incentives/uttarakhand/uttarakhand.php">Uttarakhand</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Govt._of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Govt. of India">Govt. of India</a></i>, Official website.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-districtcensus-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-districtcensus_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-districtcensus_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-districtcensus_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-districtcensus_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-districtcensus_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-districtcensus_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-districtcensus_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php">"District Census 2011"</a>. Census2011.co.in. 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=District+Census+2011&rft.pub=Census2011.co.in&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.census2011.co.in%2Fdistrict.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaridwar+district" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1861">Haridwara weather and coordinates</a> timeanddate.com/worldclock.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-urban-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-urban_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.jnnurm.nic.in/toolkit/CDP_HARIDWAR.PDF">[1]</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> City Development Plan: Haridwara Urban Development Department, Government of Uttarakhanda. p.20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/329300.cms">Neel Dhara Bird Sanctuary</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m03/m03090.htm">Yudhishthira</a> <a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">The Mahabharata</a>, translated by <a href="/wiki/Kisari_Mohan_Ganguli" title="Kisari Mohan Ganguli">Kisari Mohan Ganguli</a> (1883 – 1896), Book 3: Vana Parva: Tirtha-yatra Parva: Section XC, p 204.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gov.ua.nic.in/uttaranchaltourism/districts/haridwar/haridwar_temple.htmlHaridwar">sites</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> Uttarakhand Govt. Official website.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blessingsonthenet.com/newtemple/temple.asp?serialno=3&tempid=T027&desctitle=Legend">Legend</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110708013522/http://www.blessingsonthenet.com/newtemple/temple.asp?serialno=3&tempid=T027&desctitle=Legend">Archived</a> 8 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Chandi_Devi_Temple,_Haridwar" title="Chandi Devi Temple, Haridwar">Chandi Devi Temple, Haridwar</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indiantemples.com/beliefs/gangadesc.htm">Story of Bhagirata</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gangotri1-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gangotri1_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gangotri.org/">"Uttarakhand Information Centre – Gangotri Information"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080616165346/http://www.gangotri.org/">Archived</a> 16 June 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>The Complete Uttarakhand Travel Guide</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mankodi, Kirit (1973) "Ganga Tripathaga" <i>Artibus Asiae</i> 35(1/2): pp. 139–144, p. 140</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ignca.nic.in/cd_07006.htm">Historical, Cultural and Social Perspectives</a> Chapter 3, The Cultural Dimension of Ecology, Baidyanath Saraswati, 1998, <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi_National_Centre_for_the_Arts" title="Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts">Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-246-0102-X" title="Special:BookSources/81-246-0102-X">81-246-0102-X</a>. ignca.nic.in. Vanaparva (The Book of the Forest) is third parva (book) of Mahabharata.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m03/m03097.htm">Lopamudra</a> <a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">The Mahabharata</a>, translated by <a href="/wiki/Kisari_Mohan_Ganguli" title="Kisari Mohan Ganguli">Kisari Mohan Ganguli</a> (1883 -1896), Book 3: Vana Parva: Tirtha-yatra Parva: Section XCVII.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-history-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-history_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://haridwar.nic.in/history.htm#history">Haridwar History</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071210151555/http://haridwar.nic.in/history.htm">Archived</a> 10 December 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i> Haridwar Official website</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kub-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kub_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kub_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.channel4.com/life/microsites/K/kumbhmela/intro_trad.html">Kumbh Mela</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a>.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Hardwar"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Hardwar">"Hardwar" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 944.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hardwar&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=944&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaridwar+district" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gaze-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gaze_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gaze_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gaze_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V13_058.gif">Hardwar</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India" title="The Imperial Gazetteer of India">The Imperial Gazetteer of India</a>, v. 13, p. 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/">Digital Library</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India" title="The Imperial Gazetteer of India">The Imperial Gazetteer of India</a></i>, Oxford, 1908, Vol.13, p.51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V02_401.gif&volume=2">History</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India" title="The Imperial Gazetteer of India">The Imperial Gazetteer of India</a></i>, v. 2, p. 570.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gurmat.info/sms/smspublications/gurunanakforchildren/chapter7/.">Guru Nanak (for Children) – A New Way of Teaching</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacred-texts.com/skh/tsr1/tsr107.htm">Life Of Guru Nanak: Chapter IV</a> <i>The Sikh Religion, Volume 1</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Max_Arthur_Macauliffe" title="Max Arthur Macauliffe">Max Arthur Macauliffe</a> (1842–1913), Oxford University Press (1909). <i>page 50-52</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-janam-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-janam_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalsikhstudies.net/pdf/janamsakhi.pdf">Janasakhi</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120324124627/http://www.globalsikhstudies.net/pdf/janamsakhi.pdf">Archived</a> 24 March 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Janamsakhis" title="Janamsakhis">Janamsakhis</a> of <i>Miharban</i> and <i>Mani Singh</i>, Janamsakhi Tradition, Dr. Kirpal Singh, 2004, Punjabi University, Patiala. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7205-311-8" title="Special:BookSources/81-7205-311-8">81-7205-311-8</a>. www.globalsikhstudies.net.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100812132507/http://punjabkesari.com/Religion/Gurudwara%20Nanakwara.htm">"Welcome to Punjabkesari.com-Religion"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.punjabkesari.com/Religion/Gurudwara%20Nanakwara.htm">the original</a> on 12 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+Punjabkesari.com-Religion&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.punjabkesari.com%2FReligion%2FGurudwara%2520Nanakwara.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaridwar+district" class="Z3988"></span> – Punjabkesari.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://persian.packhum.org/persian/main?url=pf%3Ffile%3D00702050%26ct%3D0">Sacred Places of Pilgrimage</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714022016/https://persian.packhum.org/persian/main?url=pf%3Ffile%3D00702050%26ct%3D0">Archived</a> 14 July 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Ain-e-Akbari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ain-e-Akbari">Ain-e-Akbari</a></i>, Vol. III, p. 306.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://persian.packhum.org/persian/main?url=pf%3Ffile%3D00702015%26ct%3D48%26rqs%3D60">Hardwar</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110920062933/http://persian.packhum.org/persian/main?url=pf%3Ffile%3D00702015%26ct%3D48%26rqs%3D60">Archived</a> 20 September 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Ain-e-Akbari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ain-e-Akbari">Ain-e-Akbari</a></i>, by Abul Fazl 'Allami, Volume I, A´I´N 22. The A´bda´r Kha´nah. P 55. Translated from the original Persian, by <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Blochmann" title="Heinrich Blochmann">Heinrich Blochmann</a> and Colonel Henry Sullivan Jarrett, Asiatic Society of Bengal. Calcutta, 1873–1907. "His Majesty calls this source of life "the water of immortality", and has committed the care of this department to proper persons.... Both at home and on travels, he drinks Ganges water".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ganges-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ganges_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ganges_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V12_144.gif">Upper Ganges Canal</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India" title="The Imperial Gazetteer of India">The Imperial Gazetteer of India</a></i>, 1909, v. 12, p. 138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html">Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-religion-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-religion_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11395/download/14508/DDW05C-01%20MDDS.XLS">"Table C-01 Population by Religion: Uttarakhand"</a>. <i>censusindia.gov.in</i>. <a href="/wiki/Registrar_General_and_Census_Commissioner_of_India" title="Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India">Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India</a>. 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=censusindia.gov.in&rft.atitle=Table+C-01+Population+by+Religion%3A+Uttarakhand&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2Fnada%2Findex.php%2Fcatalog%2F11395%2Fdownload%2F14508%2FDDW05C-01%2520MDDS.XLS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaridwar+district" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cia-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cia_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUS_Directorate_of_Intelligence" class="citation web cs1">US Directorate of Intelligence. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html">"Country Comparison:Population"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html">the original</a> on 13 June 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2011</span>. <q>Lesotho 1,924,886</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Country+Comparison%3APopulation&rft.au=US+Directorate+of+Intelligence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Frankorder%2F2119rank.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaridwar+district" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131019160532/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php">"2010 Resident Population Data"</a>. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php">the original</a> on 19 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2011</span>. <q>West Virginia 1,852,994</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2010+Resident+Population+Data&rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F2010.census.gov%2F2010census%2Fdata%2Fapportionment-pop-text.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaridwar+district" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailypioneer.com/2014/state-editions/eye-on-saini-votes-sp-fields-anita-from-haridwar.html">"Eye on Saini votes, SP fields Anita from Haridwar"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eye+on+Saini+votes%2C+SP+fields+Anita+from+Haridwar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailypioneer.com%2F2014%2Fstate-editions%2Feye-on-saini-votes-sp-fields-anita-from-haridwar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaridwar+district" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.india.com/hindi-news/india-hindi/uttarakhand-assembly-elections-2022-haridwar-assembly-constituency-2022-haridwar-chunav-2022-who-will-win-haridwar-assembly-seat-which-is-dominated-by-brahmins-know-everything-5214744/">"Haridwar: ब्राह्मण वर्चस्व वाली हरिद्वार सीट पर कौन मारेगा बाजी! क्या कहता है अंकगणित | जानिए सबकुछ"</a>. <i>www.india.com</i> (in Hindi)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.india.com&rft.atitle=Haridwar%3A+%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3+%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5+%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9F+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%21+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88+%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4+%7C+%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.india.com%2Fhindi-news%2Findia-hindi%2Futtarakhand-assembly-elections-2022-haridwar-assembly-constituency-2022-haridwar-chunav-2022-who-will-win-haridwar-assembly-seat-which-is-dominated-by-brahmins-know-everything-5214744%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaridwar+district" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amarujala.com/uttarakhand/haridwar/battle-of-two-brahmins-based-on-vaishya-and-punjabi-voters-haridwar-news-drn4028029147">"वैश्य और पंजाबी वोटरों के भरोसे दो ब्राह्मणों की लड़ाई"</a>. <i>Amar Ujala</i> (in Hindi)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Amar+Ujala&rft.atitle=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF+%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B+%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amarujala.com%2Futtarakhand%2Fharidwar%2Fbattle-of-two-brahmins-based-on-vaishya-and-punjabi-voters-haridwar-news-drn4028029147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaridwar+district" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census2011-C16-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census2011-C16_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2011-C16_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2011-C16_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10225/download/13337/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0500.XLSX">"Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Uttarakhand"</a>. <i>www.censusindia.gov.in</i>. <a href="/wiki/Registrar_General_and_Census_Commissioner_of_India" title="Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India">Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.censusindia.gov.in&rft.atitle=Table+C-16+Population+by+Mother+Tongue%3A+Uttarakhand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2Fnada%2Findex.php%2Fcatalog%2F10225%2Fdownload%2F13337%2FDDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0500.XLSX&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaridwar+district" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Haridwar_district-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Haridwar_district_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haridwar_district_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.north-india.in/uttaranchal/districts/haridwar.htm">Haridwar district</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070729073027/http://www.north-india.in/uttaranchal/districts/haridwar.htm">Archived</a> 29 July 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rep-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rep_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rep_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://haridwar.nic.in/publicrepresentatives.htm">List of Public Representatives from Haridwar</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080219054751/http://haridwar.nic.in/publicrepresentatives.htm">Archived</a> 19 February 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Official website.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Uttarakhand:_Winners_list-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Uttarakhand:_Winners_list_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rediff.com/news/2007/feb/27uttarpoll1.htm">Uttarakhand: Winners list</a> Rediff News, 27 February 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indiatourism.com/uttar-pradesh-tourism/archeological-museum-haridwar.html">Archeological Museum, Haridwar</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081203160524/http://www.indiatourism.com/uttar-pradesh-tourism/archeological-museum-haridwar.html">Archived</a> 3 December 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> indiatourism.com.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gkvharidwar.org/museum.htm">Artefacts in the Museum</a> Gurukul Kangri, Archaeological Museum.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guru-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-guru_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://haridwar.nic.in/gurukul.htm">Gurukul</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080524021145/http://haridwar.nic.in/gurukul.htm">Archived</a> 24 May 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Official website of Haridwar.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rishikesh-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rishikesh_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Story_of_My_Experiments_with_Truth/Part_V/Lakshman_Jhula" class="extiw" title="s:The Story of My Experiments with Truth/Part V/Lakshman Jhula">Kumbh Mela 1915</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_My_Experiments_with_Truth" title="The Story of My Experiments with Truth">The Story of My Experiments with Truth</a>/Part V/Lakshman Jhula.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Chronology_of_Mahatma_Gandhi%27s_life/India_1916" class="extiw" title="s:Chronology of Mahatma Gandhi's life/India 1916">Chronology of Mahatma Gandhi's life/India 1916</a> Wiki Source.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uttara.in/initiatives/intro_sah.html">Sanskrit University</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071017000803/http://uttara.in/initiatives/intro_sah.html">Archived</a> 17 October 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Govt" class="mw-redirect" title="Govt">Govt</a>. of <a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://haridwar.nic.in/fair.htm">Fairs in Haridwar</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090410065249/http://haridwar.nic.in/fair.htm">Archived</a> 10 April 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Haridwar</i> Official website.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archaeologyonline.net/artifacts/kumbha-mela.html">Kumbh Mela</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090727203202/http://www.archaeologyonline.net/artifacts/kumbha-mela.html">Archived</a> 27 July 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> www.archaeologyonline.net.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://courses.missouristate.edu/JLlewellyn/kumbhmela.html">Kumbh Mela, a study</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Missouri_State_University" title="Missouri State University">Missouri State University</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070127111545/http://personal.carthage.edu/jlochtefeld/indiajterm/hd.html">"Haridwar History"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://personal.carthage.edu/jlochtefeld/indiajterm/hd.html">the original</a> on 27 January 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Haridwar+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpersonal.carthage.edu%2Fjlochtefeld%2Findiajterm%2Fhd.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaridwar+district" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mydivineplanet.com/city.asp?city=Haridwar">Temples in Haridwar</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111003130522/http://www.mydivineplanet.com/city.asp?city=Haridwar">Archived</a> 3 October 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://haridwar.nic.in/piran.htm">Piran</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080503070437/http://haridwar.nic.in/piran.htm">Archived</a> 3 May 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Haridwar Official website.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/40144201.cms">Piran Kaliyar</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> <a href="/wiki/Times_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Times of India">Times of India</a>, 13 March 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://210.212.78.56/roorkee/English/local_attractions.html">Local Attractions Roorkee</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080406050749/http://210.212.78.56/roorkee/English/local_attractions.html">Archived</a> 6 April 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haridwar_district&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://haridwar.nic.in/">The Official Website of District Haridwar.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sss.vn.ua/india/uttarakhand/haridwar/indexen.htm">Photos of Haridwar, 1280x960, published by the author</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_adjacent_to_Haridwar_district" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Haridwar_district" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Haridwar district</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dehradun_district" title="Dehradun district">Dehradun district</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Saharanpur_district" title="Saharanpur district">Saharanpur district</a>, Uttar Pradesh</td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Haridwar district</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Pauri_Garhwal_district" title="Pauri Garhwal district">Pauri Garhwal district</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Muzaffarnagar_district" title="Muzaffarnagar district">Muzaffarnagar district</a>, Uttar Pradesh</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bijnor_district" title="Bijnor district">Bijnor district</a>, Uttar Pradesh</td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haridwar_district&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Haridwar_district" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Haridwar district">Haridwar district</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>Chapter XVII: Himalayas, Hardwar. <i>India, Past and Present</i>, by Charles Harcourt Ainslie Forbes-Lindsay. Published by J.C. Winston, 1903.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_and_towns_in_Haridwar_district" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Haridwar_district" title="Template:Haridwar district"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Haridwar_district" title="Template talk:Haridwar district"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Haridwar_district" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Haridwar district"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_and_towns_in_Haridwar_district" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cities and towns in <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Haridwar district</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em;">Haridwar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahadrabad" title="Bahadrabad">Bahadrabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagwanpur,_Uttarakhand" title="Bhagwanpur, Uttarakhand">Bhagwanpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhandera" title="Dhandera">Dhandera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haridwar" title="Haridwar">Haridwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhabrera" title="Jhabrera">Jhabrera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laksar" title="Laksar">Laksar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laldhang" title="Laldhang">Laldhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landhaura" title="Landhaura">Landhaura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manglaur" title="Manglaur">Manglaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohanpur_Mohammadpur" title="Mohanpur Mohammadpur">Mohanpur Mohammadpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramnagar,_Hardwar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramnagar, Hardwar">Ramnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranipur,_Uttarakhand" title="Ranipur, Uttarakhand">Ranipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roorkee" title="Roorkee">Roorkee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roorkee_Cantonment" title="Roorkee Cantonment">Roorkee Cantonment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em;">Cities and towns<br /> in other districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Almora_district" title="Template:Almora district">Almora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Bageshwar_district" title="Template:Bageshwar district">Bageshwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Chamoli_district" title="Template:Chamoli district">Chamoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Champawat_district" title="Template:Champawat district">Champawat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Dehradun_district" title="Template:Dehradun district">Dehradun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Nainital_district" title="Template:Nainital district">Nainital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Pauri_Garhwal" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Pauri Garhwal">Pauri Garhwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Pithoragarh_district" title="Template:Pithoragarh district">Pithoragarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Rudraprayag_district" title="Template:Rudraprayag district">Rudraprayag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Tehri_Garhwal" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Tehri Garhwal">Tehri Garhwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Udham_Singh_Nagar_district" title="Template:Udham Singh Nagar district">Udham Singh Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Uttarkashi_district" title="Template:Uttarkashi district">Uttarkashi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_Uttarakhand" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Uttarakhand" title="Template:Uttarakhand"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Uttarakhand" title="Template talk:Uttarakhand"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Uttarakhand" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Uttarakhand"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_Uttarakhand" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">State capitals</a>: legislative: <b><a href="/wiki/Dehradun" title="Dehradun">Dehradun</a></b> (winter); <b><a href="/wiki/Bhararisain" title="Bhararisain">Bhararisain</a></b> (summer); judicial: <b><a href="/wiki/Nainital" title="Nainital">Nainital</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Uttarakhand" title="Government of Uttarakhand">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Uttarakhand_state_symbols" title="List of Uttarakhand state symbols">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand_Day" title="Uttarakhand Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Uttarakhand" title="Emblem of Uttarakhand">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand_Devabhumi_Matribhumi" title="Uttarakhand Devabhumi Matribhumi">Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyameva_Jayate" title="Satyameva Jayate">Motto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Executive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Uttarakhand" title="List of governors of Uttarakhand">Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Uttarakhand" title="List of chief ministers of Uttarakhand">Chief Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand_Council_of_Ministers" title="Uttarakhand Council of Ministers">Council of Ministers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Uttarakhand_ministries" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Uttarakhand ministries">Cabinets</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_secretaries_of_Uttarakhand" title="List of chief secretaries of Uttarakhand">Chief Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand_Gazette" title="Uttarakhand Gazette">Gazette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_agencies_of_the_government_of_Uttarakhand" title="List of agencies of the government of Uttarakhand">Agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_departments_of_the_government_of_Uttarakhand" title="List of departments of the government of Uttarakhand">Departments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_Disaster_Response_Force_(Uttarakhand)" title="State Disaster Response Force (Uttarakhand)">Disaster Response Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand_Fire_and_Emergency_Services" title="Uttarakhand Fire and Emergency Services">Fire and Emergency Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand_Provincial_Armed_Constabulary" title="Uttarakhand Provincial Armed Constabulary">Provincial Armed Constabulary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand_Forest_Department" title="Uttarakhand Forest Department">Forest Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand_Police" title="Uttarakhand Police">Police Department</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand_Public_Service_Commission" title="Uttarakhand Public Service Commission">Public Service Commission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Civil_Service_(Uttarakhand)" title="Provincial Civil Service (Uttarakhand)">Provincial Civil Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Police_Service_(Uttarakhand)" title="Provincial Police Service (Uttarakhand)">Provincial Police Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Forest_Service_(Uttarakhand)" title="Provincial Forest Service (Uttarakhand)">Provincial Forest Service</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand_Legislative_Assembly" title="Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly">Legislative Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Uttarakhand_Legislative_Assembly" title="History of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly">History</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_Uttarakhand_Legislative_Assembly" title="List of speakers of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly">Speaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_the_opposition_in_the_Uttarakhand_Legislative_Assembly" title="List of leaders of the opposition in the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly">Leader of the Opposition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Judiciary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand_High_Court" title="Uttarakhand High Court">High Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_justices_of_the_Uttarakhand_High_Court" title="List of chief justices of the Uttarakhand High Court">Chief Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_judges_of_the_Uttarakhand_High_Court" title="List of judges of the Uttarakhand High Court">Judges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_Council_of_Uttarakhand" title="Bar Council of Uttarakhand">Bar Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand_Lok_Adalat" title="Uttarakhand Lok Adalat">Lok Adalat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand_Lokayukta" title="Uttarakhand Lokayukta">Lokayukta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Uttarakhand" title="History of Uttarakhand">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient<br />kingdoms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakuru" title="Uttarakuru">Uttarakuru kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauravas" title="Pauravas">Paurava kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasas" title="Khasas">Khasa Janapada kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himalaya_kingdom" title="Himalaya kingdom">Himalaya kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvata_kingdom" title="Parvata kingdom">Parvata kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirata_kingdom" title="Kirata kingdom">Kirata kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanda_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanda Empire">Nanda Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuninda_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuninda Kingdom">Kuninda Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gupta_Empire" title="Gupta Empire">Gupta Empire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medieval<br />kingdoms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garhwal_Kingdom" title="Garhwal Kingdom">Garhwal Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garhwal_Kingdom#Rulers_of_Garhwal" title="Garhwal Kingdom">Panwar dynasty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumaon_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumaon Kingdom">Kumaon Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Katyuri_kings" class="mw-redirect" title="Katyuri kings">Katyuri dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chand_kings" class="mw-redirect" title="Chand kings">Chand dynasty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasa_Kingdom" title="Khasa Kingdom">Khasa Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doti" title="Doti">Raika Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorkha_Kingdom" title="Gorkha Kingdom">Gorkha Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shah_dynasty" title="Shah dynasty">Shah dynasty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Nepalese_War" title="Anglo-Nepalese War">Anglo-Nepalese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Sugauli" title="Treaty of Sugauli">Treaty of Sugauli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Colonial<br />Uttarakhand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Company_rule_in_India" title="Company rule in India">Company<br />rule</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceded_and_Conquered_Provinces" title="Ceded and Conquered Provinces">Ceded and Conquered Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North-Western_Provinces" title="North-Western Provinces">North-Western Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agra_Presidency" title="Agra Presidency">Agra Presidency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">Crown<br />rule</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Provinces_of_Agra_and_Oudh" title="United Provinces of Agra and Oudh">United Provinces of Agra and Oudh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Provinces_of_Agra_and_Oudh" title="United Provinces of Agra and Oudh">United Provinces of Agra and Oudh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Provinces_(1937%E2%80%931950)" title="United Provinces (1937–1950)">United Provinces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contemporary<br />Uttarakhand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rampur_Tiraha_firing_case" title="Rampur Tiraha firing case">Rampur Tiraha firing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh_Reorganisation_Act,_2000" title="Uttar Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000">Bifurcation of Uttar Pradesh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Uttarakhand" title="Geography of Uttarakhand">Geography<br />and<br />ecology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geological<br />features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mountains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Himalayas" title="Great Himalayas">Great Himalayas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garhwal_Himalayas" title="Garhwal Himalayas">Garhwal Himalayas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivalik_Hills" title="Sivalik Hills">Sivalik Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_peaks_of_Uttarakhand" title="List of mountain peaks of Uttarakhand">Mountain peaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugyals" title="Bugyals">Bugyals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakes_of_Kumaon_hills" title="Lakes of Kumaon hills">Lakes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Gangetic_Plain" title="Indo-Gangetic Plain">Plains</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhabar" title="Bhabar">Bhabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terai" title="Terai">Terai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doab" title="Doab">Doab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganges_Basin" title="Ganges Basin">Ganges Basin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ecoregions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Highlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Himalayan_alpine_shrub_and_meadows" title="Western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows">Western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Himalayan_subalpine_conifer_forests" title="Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests">Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himalayan_subtropical_pine_forests" title="Himalayan subtropical pine forests">Himalayan subtropical pine forests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lowlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Himalayan_broadleaf_forests" title="Western Himalayan broadleaf forests">Western Himalayan broadleaf forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himalayan_subtropical_broadleaf_forests" title="Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests">Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terai%E2%80%93Duar_savanna_and_grasslands" title="Terai–Duar savanna and grasslands">Terai–Duar savanna and grasslands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Gangetic_Plains_moist_deciduous_forests" title="Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests">Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Demographics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Uttarakhand" title="List of people from Uttarakhand">Ethnic<br />groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_peoples" title="Indo-Aryan peoples">Indo-Aryans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garhwali_people" title="Garhwali people">Garhwalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumaoni_people" title="Kumaoni people">Kumaonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaunsari_people" title="Jaunsari people">Jaunsaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhoksa_people" title="Bhoksa people">Buksas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tharu_people" title="Tharu people">Tharus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_South_Asia" title="Ethnic groups in South Asia">Tibeto-Burmans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhotiyas_of_Uttarakhand" title="Bhotiyas of Uttarakhand">Bhotiyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaukas" title="Shaukas">Shaukas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raji_people" title="Raji people">Rajis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jad_people" title="Jad people">Jads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banrawats" title="Banrawats">Banrawats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scheduled_Castes_and_Scheduled_Tribes" title="Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes">Scheduled Castes<br />and<br /> Scheduled Tribes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scheduled_Castes_in_Uttarakhand" title="List of Scheduled Castes in Uttarakhand">Scheduled Castes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scheduled_Tribes_in_Uttarakhand" title="List of Scheduled Tribes in Uttarakhand">Scheduled Tribes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spoken</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garhwali_language" title="Garhwali language">Garhwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumaoni_language" title="Kumaoni language">Kumaoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaunsari_language" title="Jaunsari language">Jaunsari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangani" title="Bangani">Bangani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buksa_language" title="Buksa language">Buksa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tharu_languages" title="Tharu languages">Tharu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Tibeto-Burman languages">Tibeto-Burman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rongpo_language" title="Rongpo language">Rongpo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byangsi_language" title="Byangsi language">Byangsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaudangsi_language" title="Chaudangsi language">Chaudangsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darmiya_language" title="Darmiya language">Darmiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raji_language" title="Raji language">Raji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawat_language" title="Rawat language">Rawat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jad_language" title="Jad language">Jad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Uttarakhand" title="Administrative divisions of Uttarakhand">Administrative<br /> divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Urban</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Uttarakhand" title="List of districts of Uttarakhand">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tehsils_of_Uttarakhand" title="List of tehsils of Uttarakhand">Tehsils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_local_bodies_in_Uttarakhand" title="List of urban local bodies in Uttarakhand">Urban Local Bodies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipal_corporations_in_Uttarakhand" title="List of municipal corporations in Uttarakhand">Municipal Corporations</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parganas_of_Uttarakhand" title="List of parganas of Uttarakhand">Parganas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_community_development_blocks_of_Uttarakhand" title="List of community development blocks of Uttarakhand">Community Development Blocks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coolie-Begar_movement" title="Coolie-Begar movement">Coolie-Begar movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand_movement" title="Uttarakhand movement">Statehood movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipko_movement" title="Chipko movement">Chipko movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Uttarakhand_political_crisis" title="2016 Uttarakhand political crisis">2016 political crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Uttarakhand" title="Elections in Uttarakhand">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_elections_in_Uttarakhand" title="Local elections in Uttarakhand">Local elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_constituencies_of_the_Uttarakhand_Legislative_Assembly" title="List of constituencies of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly">Assembly constituencies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_constituencies_of_the_Uttarakhand_Legislative_Assembly" title="List of former constituencies of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly">Former constituencies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parliamentary_constituencies_in_Uttarakhand" title="List of parliamentary constituencies in Uttarakhand">Parliamentary constituencies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Rajya_Sabha_members_from_Uttarakhand" title="List of Rajya Sabha members from Uttarakhand">Rajya Sabha members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lok_Sabha_members_from_Uttarakhand" title="List of Lok Sabha members from Uttarakhand">Lok Sabha members</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Uttarakhand" title="Tourism in Uttarakhand">Tourism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Monuments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_India" title="List of World Heritage Sites in India">World Heritage Site</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanda_Devi_and_Valley_of_Flowers_National_Parks" title="Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks">Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ramsar_sites_in_India" title="List of Ramsar sites in India">Ramsar Wetland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asan_Barrage" title="Asan Barrage">Asan Barrage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Monuments_of_National_Importance_in_Uttarakhand" title="List of Monuments of National Importance in Uttarakhand">Monuments of National Importance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_State_Protected_Monuments_in_Uttarakhand" title="List of State Protected Monuments in Uttarakhand">State Protected Monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_temples_in_Uttarakhand" title="List of Hindu temples in Uttarakhand">Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Dehradun" title="List of tourist attractions in Dehradun">Tourist attractions in Dehradun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chota_Char_Dham" title="Chota Char Dham">Chardham<br />circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gangotri" title="Gangotri">Gangotri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamunotri" title="Yamunotri">Yamunotri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yamunotri_Temple" title="Yamunotri Temple">Yamunotri Temple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badrinath" title="Badrinath">Badrinath</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badrinath_Temple" title="Badrinath Temple">Badrinath Temple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedarnath" title="Kedarnath">Kedarnath</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kedarnath_Temple" title="Kedarnath Temple">Kedarnath Temple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapta_Badri" title="Sapta Badri">Sapta Badri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panch_Kedar" title="Panch Kedar">Panch Kedar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panch_Prayag" title="Panch Prayag">Panch Prayag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomukh" title="Gomukh">Gomukh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_India" title="List of national parks of India">National<br />parks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gangotri_National_Park" title="Gangotri National Park">Gangotri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govind_Pashu_Vihar_National_Park" title="Govind Pashu Vihar National Park">Govind Pashu Vihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Corbett_National_Park" title="Jim Corbett National Park">Jim Corbett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanda_Devi_National_Park" title="Nanda Devi National Park">Nanda Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajaji_National_Park" title="Rajaji National Park">Rajaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_of_Flowers_National_Park" title="Valley of Flowers National Park">Valley of Flowers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cricket_Association_of_Uttarakhand" title="Cricket Association of Uttarakhand">Cricket</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand_cricket_team" title="Uttarakhand cricket team">Men's cricket team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand_women%27s_cricket_team" title="Uttarakhand women's cricket team">Women's cricket team</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand_State_Football_Association" title="Uttarakhand State Football Association">Association football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand_football_team" title="Uttarakhand football team">Men's football team</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi_International_Cricket_Stadium,_Dehradun" title="Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium, Dehradun">Cricket Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi_International_Sports_Stadium" title="Indira Gandhi International Sports Stadium">Olympic Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharana_Pratap_Sports_College" title="Maharana Pratap Sports College">Sports College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Uttarakhand" title="Outline of Uttarakhand">Other<br />topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Transport <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Uttarakhand" title="List of airports in Uttarakhand">Airports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Char_Dham_Highway" title="Char Dham Highway">Char Dham Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Char_Dham_Railway" title="Char Dham Railway">Char Dham Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand_Metro" title="Uttarakhand Metro">Dehradun–Haridwar–Rishikesh Metro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Uttarakhand" title="Music of Uttarakhand">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Uttarakhand" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Uttarakhand">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kumaoni_cuisine" title="Kumaoni cuisine">Kumaoni cuisine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Uttarakhand" title="Economy of Uttarakhand">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Uttarakhand" title="Education in Uttarakhand">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand_Board_of_School_Education" title="Uttarakhand Board of School Education">School Education Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_institutions_of_higher_education_in_Uttarakhand" title="List of institutions of higher education in Uttarakhand">Institutes of higher education</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_awards_and_decorations" title="List of civil awards and decorations">Awards and decorations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand_Ratna" title="Uttarakhand Ratna">Uttarakhand Ratna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand_Gaurav_Samman" title="Uttarakhand Gaurav Samman">Uttarakhand Gaurav Samman</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Uttarakhand" title="List of districts of Uttarakhand">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kumaon_division" title="Kumaon division">Kumaon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almora_district" title="Almora district">Almora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bageshwar_district" title="Bageshwar district">Bageshwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champawat_district" title="Champawat district">Champawat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nainital_district" title="Nainital district">Nainital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pithoragarh_district" title="Pithoragarh district">Pithoragarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udham_Singh_Nagar_district" title="Udham Singh Nagar district">Udham Singh Nagar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Garhwal_division" title="Garhwal division">Garhwal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamoli_district" title="Chamoli district">Chamoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehradun_district" title="Dehradun district">Dehradun</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Haridwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauri_Garhwal_district" title="Pauri Garhwal district">Pauri Garhwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudraprayag_district" title="Rudraprayag district">Rudraprayag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehri_Garhwal_district" title="Tehri Garhwal district">Tehri Garhwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarkashi_district" title="Uttarkashi district">Uttarkashi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Uttarakhand_by_population" title="List of cities in Uttarakhand by population">Major<br />cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dehradun" title="Dehradun">Dehradun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haridwar" title="Haridwar">Haridwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haldwani" title="Haldwani">Haldwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roorkee" title="Roorkee">Roorkee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashipur,_Uttarakhand" title="Kashipur, Uttarakhand">Kashipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudrapur,_Uttarakhand" title="Rudrapur, Uttarakhand">Rudrapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotdwar" title="Kotdwar">Kotdwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishikesh" title="Rishikesh">Rishikesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramnagar,_Nainital" title="Ramnagar, Nainital">Ramnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pithoragarh" title="Pithoragarh">Pithoragarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinagar,_Uttarakhand" title="Srinagar, Uttarakhand">Srinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Tehri" title="New Tehri">New Tehri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nainital" title="Nainital">Nainital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mussoorie" title="Mussoorie">Mussoorie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almora" title="Almora">Almora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauri" title="Pauri">Pauri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Minority_Concentrated_Districts_in_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Minority_Concentrated_Districts_in_India" title="Template:Minority Concentrated Districts in India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Minority_Concentrated_Districts_in_India" title="Template talk:Minority Concentrated Districts in India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Minority_Concentrated_Districts_in_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Minority Concentrated Districts in India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Minority_Concentrated_Districts_in_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Minority Concentrated Districts in India</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicobar_district" title="Nicobar district">Nicobar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changlang_district" title="Changlang district">Changlang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Kameng_district" title="East Kameng district">East Kameng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Subansiri_district" title="Lower Subansiri district">Lower Subansiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papum_Pare_district" title="Papum Pare district">Papum Pare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawang_district" title="Tawang district">Tawang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirap_district" title="Tirap district">Tirap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Kameng_district" title="West Kameng district">West Kameng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barpeta_district" title="Barpeta district">Barpeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bongaigaon_district" title="Bongaigaon district">Bongaigaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cachar_district" title="Cachar district">Cachar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darrang_district" title="Darrang district">Darrang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhubri_district" title="Dhubri district">Dhubri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dima_Hasao_district" title="Dima Hasao district">Dima Hasao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goalpara_district" title="Goalpara district">Goalpara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hailakandi_district" title="Hailakandi district">Hailakandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamrup_district" title="Kamrup district">Kamrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karimganj_district" title="Karimganj district">Karimganj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokrajhar_district" title="Kokrajhar district">Kokrajhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morigaon_district" title="Morigaon district">Morigaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagaon_district" title="Nagaon district">Nagaon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Araria_district" title="Araria district">Araria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darbhanga_district" title="Darbhanga district">Darbhanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katihar_district" title="Katihar district">Katihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishanganj_district" title="Kishanganj district">Kishanganj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purnia_district" title="Purnia district">Purnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitamarhi_district" title="Sitamarhi district">Sitamarhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Champaran_district" title="West Champaran district">West Champaran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_East_Delhi" class="mw-redirect" title="North East Delhi">North East Delhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gurgaon_district" title="Gurgaon district">Gurgaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirsa_district" title="Sirsa district">Sirsa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leh_district" title="Leh district">Leh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gumla_district" title="Gumla district">Gumla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakur_district" title="Pakur district">Pakur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranchi_district" title="Ranchi district">Ranchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahibganj_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahibganj district">Sahibganj</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bidar_district" title="Bidar district">Bidar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaburagi_district" title="Kalaburagi district">Kalaburagi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wayanad_district" title="Wayanad district">Wayanad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malappuram_district" title="Malappuram district">Malappuram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhopal_district" title="Bhopal district">Bhopal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buldhana_district" title="Buldhana district">Buldhana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hingoli_district" title="Hingoli district">Hingoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parbhani_district" title="Parbhani district">Parbhani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washim_district" title="Washim district">Washim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandel_district" title="Chandel district">Chandel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churachandpur_district" title="Churachandpur district">Churachandpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senapati_district" title="Senapati district">Senapati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamenglong_district" title="Tamenglong district">Tamenglong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoubal_district" title="Thoubal district">Thoubal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukhrul_district" title="Ukhrul district">Ukhrul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Garo_Hills_district" title="West Garo Hills district">West Garo Hills</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Mizoram" title="Mizoram">Mizoram</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lawngtlai_district" title="Lawngtlai district">Lawngtlai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamit_district" title="Mamit district">Mamit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gajapati_district" title="Gajapati district">Gajapati</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Sikkim_district" class="mw-redirect" title="North Sikkim district">North Sikkim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amroha_district" title="Amroha district">Amroha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baghpat_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Baghpat district">Baghpat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahraich_district" title="Bahraich district">Bahraich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balrampur_district,_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Balrampur district, Uttar Pradesh">Balrampur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barabanki_district" title="Barabanki district">Barabanki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bareilly_district" title="Bareilly district">Bareilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijnor_district" title="Bijnor district">Bijnor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budaun_district" title="Budaun district">Budaun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulandshahr_district" title="Bulandshahr district">Bulandshahr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghaziabad_district,_Uttar_Pradesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghaziabad district, Uttar Pradesh">Ghaziabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakhimpur_Kheri_district" title="Lakhimpur Kheri district">Kheri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucknow_district" title="Lucknow district">Lucknow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meerut_district" title="Meerut district">Meerut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moradabad_district" title="Moradabad district">Moradabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzaffarnagar_district" title="Muzaffarnagar district">Muzaffarnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilibhit_district" title="Pilibhit district">Pilibhit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rampur_district" title="Rampur district">Rampur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saharanpur_district" title="Saharanpur district">Saharanpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahjahanpur_district" title="Shahjahanpur district">Shahjahanpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrawasti_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrawasti district">Shrawasti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddharthnagar_district" title="Siddharthnagar district">Siddharthnagar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haridwar_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Haridwar District">Haridwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udham_Singh_Nagar_district" title="Udham Singh Nagar district">Udham Singh Nagar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bardhaman_district" title="Bardhaman district">Bardhaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birbhum_district" title="Birbhum district">Birbhum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooch_Behar_district" title="Cooch Behar district">Cooch Behar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakshin_Dinajpur_district" title="Dakshin Dinajpur district">Dakshin Dinajpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howrah_district" title="Howrah district">Howrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata_district" title="Kolkata district">Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldah_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Maldah district">Maldah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murshidabad_district" title="Murshidabad district">Murshidabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadia_district" title="Nadia district">Nadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_24_Parganas_district" title="North 24 Parganas district">North 24 Parganas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_24_Parganas_district" class="mw-redirect" title="South 24 Parganas district">South 24 Parganas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Dinajpur_district" title="Uttar Dinajpur district">Uttar Dinajpur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Source: <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minorityaffairs.gov.in/sites/default/files/mcd_90districts.pdf">"List of 90 Minority Concentration Districts"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.minorityaffairs.gov.in</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.minorityaffairs.gov.in&rft.atitle=List+of+90+Minority+Concentration+Districts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.minorityaffairs.gov.in%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fmcd_90districts.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaridwar+district" class="Z3988"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hindu_temples_in_Uttarakhand" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FFC569;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hindu_temples_in_Uttarakhand" title="Template:Hindu temples in Uttarakhand"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hindu_temples_in_Uttarakhand" title="Template talk:Hindu temples in Uttarakhand"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu_temples_in_Uttarakhand" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu temples in Uttarakhand"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hindu_temples_in_Uttarakhand" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple" title="Hindu temple">Hindu temples</a> in <a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Almora_district" title="Almora district">Almora</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golu_Devata" title="Golu Devata">Golu Devta Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jageshwar" title="Jageshwar">Jagnath Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bageshwar_district" title="Bageshwar district">Bageshwar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagnath_Temple" title="Bagnath Temple">Bagnath Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baijnath,_Uttarakhand" title="Baijnath, Uttarakhand">Baijnath Group of Temples</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chamoli_district" title="Chamoli district">Chamoli</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badrinath_Temple" title="Badrinath Temple">Badrinath Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalpeshwar" title="Kalpeshwar">Kalpeshwar Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudranath" title="Rudranath">Rudranath Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungnath" title="Tungnath">Tungnath Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Champawat_district" title="Champawat district">Champawat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baleshwar_Temple" title="Baleshwar Temple">Baleshwar Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dehradun_district" title="Dehradun district">Dehradun</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lakhamandal" title="Lakhamandal">Lakhamandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahasu_Devta_Temple" title="Mahasu Devta Temple">Mahasu Devta Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishikesh" title="Rishikesh">Bharat Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapkeshwar_Temple" title="Tapkeshwar Temple">Tapkeshwar Mahadev Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFC569;;width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Haridwar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandi_Devi_Temple,_Haridwar" title="Chandi Devi Temple, Haridwar">Chandi Devi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daksheswar_Mahadev_Temple" title="Daksheswar Mahadev Temple">Daksheswar Mahadev Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Har_Ki_Pauri" title="Har Ki Pauri">Har Ki Pauri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansa_Devi_Temple,_Haridwar" title="Mansa Devi Temple, Haridwar">Mansa Devi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Devi_Temple,_Haridwar" title="Maya Devi Temple, Haridwar">Maya Devi Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nainital_district" title="Nainital district">Nainital</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garjiya_Devi_Temple" title="Garjiya Devi Temple">Garjiya Devi Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pauri_Garhwal_district" title="Pauri Garhwal district">Pauri Garhwal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhari_Devi" title="Dhari Devi">Dhari Devi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neelkanth_Mahadev_Temple_(Rishikesh)" title="Neelkanth Mahadev Temple (Rishikesh)">Neelkanth Mahadev Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghunathji_Temple,_Devprayag" title="Raghunathji Temple, Devprayag">Raghunath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binsar_Mahadev" title="Binsar Mahadev">Binsar Mahadev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarkeshwar_Mahadev" title="Tarkeshwar Mahadev">Tarkeshwar Mahadev</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pithoragarh_district" title="Pithoragarh district">Pithoragarh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berinag" title="Berinag">Berinag Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patal_Bhuvaneshwar" title="Patal Bhuvaneshwar">Patal Bhuvaneshwar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rudraprayag_district" title="Rudraprayag district">Rudraprayag</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guptakashi" title="Guptakashi">Guptakashi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedarnath_Temple" title="Kedarnath Temple">Kedarnath Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhyamaheshwar" title="Madhyamaheshwar">Madhyamaheshwar Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudranath" title="Rudranath">Rudraunath Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triyuginarayan_Temple" title="Triyuginarayan Temple">Triyuginarayan Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tehri_Garhwal_district" title="Tehri Garhwal district">Tehri Garhwal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandrabadani_Devi" title="Chandrabadani Devi">Chandrabadani Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudreshwar,_Uttarakhand" title="Rudreshwar, Uttarakhand">Rudreshwar Mahadev Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surkanda_Devi" title="Surkanda Devi">Surkanda Devi Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Udham_Singh_Nagar" class="mw-redirect" title="Udham Singh Nagar">Udham Singh Nagar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moteshwar_Mahadev" title="Moteshwar Mahadev">Moteshwar Mahadev Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maa_Balsundari" title="Maa Balsundari">Balsundari Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Uttarkashi_district" title="Uttarkashi district">Uttarkashi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gangotri_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Gangotri Temple">Gangotri Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamunotri_Temple" title="Yamunotri Temple">Yamunotri Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2270438#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2270438#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2270438#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/175168779">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group 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