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GitHub - oakserver/oak: A middleware framework for handling HTTP with Deno, Node, Bun and Cloudflare Workers 🐿️ 🦕
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0-1.14-.243-1.847-.705-2.319-.477-.488-1.319-.862-2.824-1.025-1.487-.161-2.192.138-2.533.529-.269.307-.437.808-.438 1.578v.021c0 .265.021.562.063.893Zm-1.626 0c.042-.331.063-.628.063-.894v-.02c-.001-.77-.169-1.271-.438-1.578-.341-.391-1.046-.69-2.533-.529-1.505.163-2.347.537-2.824 1.025-.462.472-.705 1.179-.705 2.319 0 1.211.175 1.926.558 2.361.365.414 1.084.751 2.657.751 1.21 0 1.902-.394 2.344-.938.475-.584.742-1.44.878-2.497Z"></path><path d="M14.5 14.25a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v2a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-5 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v2a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">GitHub Copilot</div> Write better code with AI </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"security","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"security_link_product_navbar"}" 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0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Codespaces</div> Instant dev environments </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"issues","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"issues_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/issues"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-issue-opened color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1ZM2.5 12a9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5-9.5A9.5 9.5 0 0 0 12 2.5 9.5 9.5 0 0 0 2.5 12Zm9.5 2a2 2 0 1 1-.001-3.999A2 2 0 0 1 12 14Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Issues</div> Plan and track work </div> </a></li> <li> <a 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0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path> </svg> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary Link--external" target="_blank" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"github_skills","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"github_skills_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://skills.github.com"> GitHub Skills <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link-external HeaderMenu-external-icon color-fg-subtle"> <path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 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6.94l3.22-3.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path> </svg></button> </div> </div> </div> <scrollable-region data-labelled-by="custom-scopes-dialog-title"> <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-body"> <div data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesModalDialogFlash"></div> <div hidden class="create-custom-scope-form" data-target="custom-scopes.createCustomScopeForm"> <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form id="custom-scopes-dialog-form" data-turbo="false" action="/search/custom_scopes" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" name="authenticity_token" value="8uT5vDkiS8jJlTBB7WY22uZeaopCE32i4pVNMc+H728JwUcveKlNjqLFRZ1FBt7PdrhRFLfj8jwRamT0pGpesw==" /> <div data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesModalDialogFlash"></div> <input type="hidden" 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id=\"user-content-oak\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: oak\" href=\"#oak\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://jsr.io/@oak/oak\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/db4457d7500264ed6efe73633841cbf9098dd2e26435d26b8f43240e367db75e/68747470733a2f2f6a73722e696f2f6261646765732f406f616b2f6f616b\" alt=\"jsr.io/@oak/oak\" data-canonical-src=\"https://jsr.io/badges/@oak/oak\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://jsr.io/@oak/oak\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/3ce9347bc12b37a957105b8579f31bfc5b1003ade7476fe7bf587bdb9727fae7/68747470733a2f2f6a73722e696f2f6261646765732f406f616b2f6f616b2f73636f7265\" alt=\"jsr.io/@oak/oak score\" data-canonical-src=\"https://jsr.io/badges/@oak/oak/score\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://deno.land/x/oak\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/d5717a96be201b89dde22b514756146bebb768be05f09283c43553c6b6024c46/68747470733a2f2f64656e6f2e6c616e642f62616467652f6f616b2f76657273696f6e\" alt=\"deno.land/x/oak\" data-canonical-src=\"https://deno.land/badge/oak/version\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.npmjs.com/package/@oakserver/oak\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/c426f7607cf57c9faa623e54e8a43cb03aba94f46ddf7ee2623aac69f7fc409d/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f6e706d2f762f406f616b7365727665722f6f616b\" alt=\"npm Version\" data-canonical-src=\"https://img.shields.io/npm/v/@oakserver/oak\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/oakserver/oak\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://github.com/oakserver/oak/workflows/ci/badge.svg\" alt=\"oak ci\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://codecov.io/gh/oakserver/oak\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/14e6b20652c58166b6856d9ac20da71e5fd888f341e27f44866fcbbecb3182b9/68747470733a2f2f636f6465636f762e696f2f67682f6f616b7365727665722f6f616b2f6272616e63682f6d61696e2f67726170682f62616467652e7376673f746f6b656e3d4b454b5a35324e584750\" alt=\"codecov\" data-canonical-src=\"https://codecov.io/gh/oakserver/oak/branch/main/graph/badge.svg?token=KEKZ52NXGP\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA middleware framework for Deno's native HTTP server,\n\u003ca href=\"https://deno.com/deploy\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eDeno Deploy\u003c/a\u003e, Node.js 16.5 and later,\n\u003ca href=\"https://workers.cloudflare.com/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eCloudflare Workers\u003c/a\u003e and\n\u003ca href=\"https://bun.sh/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eBun\u003c/a\u003e. It also includes a middleware router.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis middleware framework is inspired by \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/koajs/koa/\"\u003eKoa\u003c/a\u003e\nand middleware router inspired by\n\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/koajs/router/\"\u003e@koa/router\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis README focuses on the mechanics of the oak APIs and is intended for those\nwho are familiar with JavaScript middleware frameworks like Express and Koa as\nwell as a decent understanding of Deno. If you aren't familiar with these,\nplease check out documentation on\n\u003ca href=\"https://oakserver.github.io/oak/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eoakserver.github.io/oak\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAlso, check out our \u003ca href=\"https://oakserver.github.io/oak/FAQ\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eFAQs\u003c/a\u003e and the\n\u003ca href=\"https://oakserver.github.io/awesome-oak/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eawesome-oak\u003c/a\u003e site of community\nresources.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-alert markdown-alert-note\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cp class=\"markdown-alert-title\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-info mr-2\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M0 8a8 8 0 1 1 16 0A8 8 0 0 1 0 8Zm8-6.5a6.5 6.5 0 1 0 0 13 6.5 6.5 0 0 0 0-13ZM6.5 7.75A.75.75 0 0 1 7.25 7h1a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.75h.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-2a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h.25v-2h-.25a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75ZM8 6a1 1 0 1 1 0-2 1 1 0 0 1 0 2Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003eNote\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe examples in this README pull from \u003ccode\u003emain\u003c/code\u003e and are designed for Deno CLI or\nDeno Deploy, which may not make sense to do when you are looking to actually\ndeploy a workload. You would want to \"pin\" to a particular version which is\ncompatible with the version of Deno you are using and has a fixed set of APIs\nyou would expect. \u003ccode\u003ehttps://deno.land/x/\u003c/code\u003e supports using git tags in the URL to\ndirect you at a particular version. So to use version 13.0.0 of oak, you would\nwant to import \u003ccode\u003ehttps://deno.land/x/oak@v13.0.0/mod.ts\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eUsage\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-usage\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Usage\" href=\"#usage\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eDeno CLI and Deno Deploy\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-deno-cli-and-deno-deploy\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Deno CLI and Deno Deploy\" href=\"#deno-cli-and-deno-deploy\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eoak is available on both \u003ca href=\"https://deno.land/x/oak/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003edeno.land/x\u003c/a\u003e and\n\u003ca href=\"https://jsr.io/@oak/oak\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eJSR\u003c/a\u003e. To use from \u003ccode\u003edeno.land/x\u003c/code\u003e, import into a module:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-ts notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"import { Application } from \u0026quot;https://deno.land/x/oak/mod.ts\u0026quot;;\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eimport\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eApplication\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efrom\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"https://deno.land/x/oak/mod.ts\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eTo use from JSR, import into a module:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-ts notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"import { Application } from \u0026quot;jsr:@oak/oak\u0026quot;;\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eimport\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eApplication\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efrom\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"jsr:@oak/oak\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eOr use the Deno CLI to add it to your project:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"deno add jsr:@oak/oak\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003edeno add jsr:@oak/oak\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eNode.js\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-nodejs\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Node.js\" href=\"#nodejs\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eoak is available for Node.js on both\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.npmjs.com/package/@oakserver/oak\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003enpm\u003c/a\u003e and\n\u003ca href=\"https://jsr.io/@oak/oak\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eJSR\u003c/a\u003e. To use from npm, install the package:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"npm i @oakserver/oak\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003enpm i @oakserver/oak\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAnd then import into a module:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-js notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"import { Application } from \u0026quot;@oakserver/oak\u0026quot;;\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eimport\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eApplication\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efrom\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"@oakserver/oak\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eTo use from JSR, install the package:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"npx jsr i @oak/oak\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003enpx jsr i @oak/oak\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAnd then import into a module:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-js notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"import { Application } from \u0026quot;@oak/oak/application\u0026quot;;\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eimport\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eApplication\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efrom\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"@oak/oak/application\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-alert markdown-alert-note\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cp class=\"markdown-alert-title\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-info mr-2\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M0 8a8 8 0 1 1 16 0A8 8 0 0 1 0 8Zm8-6.5a6.5 6.5 0 1 0 0 13 6.5 6.5 0 0 0 0-13ZM6.5 7.75A.75.75 0 0 1 7.25 7h1a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.75h.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-2a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h.25v-2h-.25a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75ZM8 6a1 1 0 1 1 0-2 1 1 0 0 1 0 2Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003eNote\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSend, websocket upgrades and serving over TLS/HTTPS are not currently\nsupported.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIn addition the Cloudflare Worker environment and execution context are not\ncurrently exposed to middleware.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eCloudflare Workers\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-cloudflare-workers\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Cloudflare Workers\" href=\"#cloudflare-workers\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eoak is available for \u003ca href=\"https://workers.cloudflare.com/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eCloudflare Workers\u003c/a\u003e on\n\u003ca href=\"https://jsr.io/@oak/oak\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eJSR\u003c/a\u003e. To use add the package to your Cloudflare Worker\nproject:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"npx jsr add @oak/oak\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003enpx jsr add @oak/oak\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAnd then import into a module:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-ts notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"import { Application } from \u0026quot;@oak/oak/application\u0026quot;;\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eimport\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eApplication\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efrom\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"@oak/oak/application\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eUnlike other runtimes, the oak application doesn't listen for incoming requests,\ninstead it handles worker fetch requests. A minimal example server would be:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-ts notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"import { Application } from \u0026quot;@oak/oak/application\u0026quot;;\n\nconst app = new Application();\n\napp.use((ctx) =\u0026gt; {\n ctx.response.body = \u0026quot;Hello CFW!\u0026quot;;\n});\n\nexport default { fetch: app.fetch };\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eimport\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eApplication\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efrom\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"@oak/oak/application\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003econst\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eApplication\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003euse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ectx\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ectx\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eresponse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ebody\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"Hello CFW!\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eexport\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003edefault\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003efetch\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003efetch\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-alert markdown-alert-note\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cp class=\"markdown-alert-title\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-info mr-2\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M0 8a8 8 0 1 1 16 0A8 8 0 0 1 0 8Zm8-6.5a6.5 6.5 0 1 0 0 13 6.5 6.5 0 0 0 0-13ZM6.5 7.75A.75.75 0 0 1 7.25 7h1a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.75h.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-2a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h.25v-2h-.25a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75ZM8 6a1 1 0 1 1 0-2 1 1 0 0 1 0 2Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003eNote\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSend and websocket upgrades are not currently supported.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eBun\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-bun\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Bun\" href=\"#bun\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eoak is available for Bun on \u003ca href=\"https://jsr.io/@oak/oak\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eJSR\u003c/a\u003e. To use install the\npackage:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"bunx jsr i @oak/oak\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ebunx jsr i @oak/oak\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAnd then import into a module:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-ts notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"import { Application } from \u0026quot;@oak/oak/application\u0026quot;;\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eimport\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eApplication\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efrom\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"@oak/oak/application\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-alert markdown-alert-note\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cp class=\"markdown-alert-title\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-info mr-2\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M0 8a8 8 0 1 1 16 0A8 8 0 0 1 0 8Zm8-6.5a6.5 6.5 0 1 0 0 13 6.5 6.5 0 0 0 0-13ZM6.5 7.75A.75.75 0 0 1 7.25 7h1a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.75h.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-2a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h.25v-2h-.25a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75ZM8 6a1 1 0 1 1 0-2 1 1 0 0 1 0 2Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003eNote\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSend and websocket upgrades are not currently supported.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eApplication, middleware, and context\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-application-middleware-and-context\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Application, middleware, and context\" href=\"#application-middleware-and-context\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe \u003ccode\u003eApplication\u003c/code\u003e class coordinates managing the HTTP server, running\nmiddleware, and handling errors that occur when processing requests. Two of the\nmethods are generally used: \u003ccode\u003e.use()\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003e.listen()\u003c/code\u003e. Middleware is added via\nthe \u003ccode\u003e.use()\u003c/code\u003e method and the \u003ccode\u003e.listen()\u003c/code\u003e method will start the server and start\nprocessing requests with the registered middleware.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA basic usage, responding to every request with \u003cem\u003eHello World!\u003c/em\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-ts notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"import { Application } from \u0026quot;jsr:@oak/oak/application\u0026quot;;\n\nconst app = new Application();\n\napp.use((ctx) =\u0026gt; {\n ctx.response.body = \u0026quot;Hello World!\u0026quot;;\n});\n\nawait app.listen({ port: 8000 });\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eimport\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eApplication\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efrom\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"jsr:@oak/oak/application\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003econst\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eApplication\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003euse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ectx\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ectx\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eresponse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ebody\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"Hello World!\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003elisten\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eport\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e8000\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eYou would then run this script in Deno like:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"\u0026gt; deno run --allow-net helloWorld.ts\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e\u0026gt; deno run --allow-net helloWorld.ts\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFor more information on running code under Deno, or information on how to\ninstall the Deno CLI, check out the \u003ca href=\"https://deno.land/manual\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eDeno manual\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe middleware is processed as a stack, where each middleware function can\ncontrol the flow of the response. When the middleware is called, it is passed a\ncontext and reference to the \"next\" method in the stack.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA more complex example:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-ts notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"import { Application } from \u0026quot;jsr:@oak/oak/application\u0026quot;;\n\nconst app = new Application();\n\n// Logger\napp.use(async (ctx, next) =\u0026gt; {\n await next();\n const rt = ctx.response.headers.get(\u0026quot;X-Response-Time\u0026quot;);\n console.log(`${ctx.request.method} ${ctx.request.url} - ${rt}`);\n});\n\n// Timing\napp.use(async (ctx, next) =\u0026gt; {\n const start = Date.now();\n await next();\n const ms = Date.now() - start;\n ctx.response.headers.set(\u0026quot;X-Response-Time\u0026quot;, `${ms}ms`);\n});\n\n// Hello World!\napp.use((ctx) =\u0026gt; {\n ctx.response.body = \u0026quot;Hello World!\u0026quot;;\n});\n\nawait app.listen({ port: 8000 });\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eimport\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eApplication\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efrom\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"jsr:@oak/oak/application\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003econst\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eApplication\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// Logger\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003euse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003easync\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ectx\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003enext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003enext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003econst\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ert\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ectx\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eresponse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eheaders\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eget\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"X-Response-Time\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003econsole\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003elog\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e`\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e${\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ectx\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003erequest\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003emethod\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e${\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ectx\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003erequest\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eurl\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e - \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e${\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ert\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e`\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// Timing\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003euse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003easync\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ectx\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003enext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003econst\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003estart\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eDate\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003enow\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003enext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003econst\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ems\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eDate\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003enow\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003estart\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ectx\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eresponse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eheaders\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eset\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"X-Response-Time\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e`\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e${\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ems\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003ems`\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// Hello World!\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003euse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ectx\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ectx\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eresponse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ebody\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"Hello World!\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003elisten\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eport\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e8000\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eTo provide an HTTPS server, then the \u003ccode\u003eapp.listen()\u003c/code\u003e options need to include the\noptions \u003ccode\u003e.secure\u003c/code\u003e option set to \u003ccode\u003etrue\u003c/code\u003e and supply a \u003ccode\u003e.certFile\u003c/code\u003e and a \u003ccode\u003e.keyFile\u003c/code\u003e\noptions as well.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e.handle()\u003c/code\u003e method\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-handle-method\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: .handle() method\" href=\"#handle-method\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe \u003ccode\u003e.handle()\u003c/code\u003e method is used to process requests and receive responses without\nhaving the application manage the server aspect. This though is advanced usage\nand most users will want to use \u003ccode\u003e.listen()\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe \u003ccode\u003e.handle()\u003c/code\u003e method accepts up to three arguments. The first being a\n\u003ca href=\"https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Request\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eRequest\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e argument,\nand the second being a \u003ccode\u003eDeno.Conn\u003c/code\u003e argument. The third optional argument is a\nflag to indicate if the request was \"secure\" in the sense it originated from a\nTLS connection to the remote client. The method resolved with a\n\u003ca href=\"https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Response\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eResponse\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e object\nor \u003ccode\u003eundefined\u003c/code\u003e if the \u003ccode\u003ectx.respond === true\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAn example:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-ts notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"import { Application } from \u0026quot;jsr:@oak/oak/application\u0026quot;;\n\nconst app = new Application();\n\napp.use((ctx) =\u0026gt; {\n ctx.response.body = \u0026quot;Hello World!\u0026quot;;\n});\n\nDeno.serve(async (request, info) =\u0026gt; {\n const res = await app.handle(request, info.remoteAddr);\n return res ?? Response.error();\n});\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eimport\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eApplication\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efrom\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"jsr:@oak/oak/application\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003econst\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eApplication\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003euse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ectx\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ectx\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eresponse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ebody\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"Hello World!\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eDeno\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eserve\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003easync\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003erequest\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003einfo\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003econst\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eres\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003ehandle\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003erequest\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003einfo\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eremoteAddr\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eres\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e??\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eResponse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eerror\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAn instance of application has some properties as well:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003econtextState\u003c/code\u003e - Determines the method used to create state for a new context.\nA value of \u003ccode\u003e\"clone\"\u003c/code\u003e will set the state as a clone of the app state. A value\nof \u003ccode\u003e\"prototype\"\u003c/code\u003e means the app's state will be used as the prototype of the\ncontext's state. A value of \u003ccode\u003e\"alias\"\u003c/code\u003e means that the application's state and\nthe context's state will be a reference to the same object. A value of\n\u003ccode\u003e\"empty\"\u003c/code\u003e will initialize the context's state with an empty object.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e.jsonBodyReplacer\u003c/code\u003e - An optional replacer function which will be applied to\nJSON bodies when forming a response.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e.jsonBodyReviver\u003c/code\u003e - An optional reviver function which will be applied when\nreading JSON bodies in a request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e.keys\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eKeys to be used when signing and verifying cookies. The value can be set to an\narray of keys, and instance of \u003ccode\u003eKeyStack\u003c/code\u003e, or an object which provides the\nsame interface as \u003ccode\u003eKeyStack\u003c/code\u003e (e.g. an instance of\n\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/crypto-utils/keygrip\"\u003ekeygrip\u003c/a\u003e). If just the keys are\npassed, oak will manage the keys via \u003ccode\u003eKeyStack\u003c/code\u003e which allows easy key rotation\nwithout requiring re-signing of data values.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e.proxy\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis defaults to \u003ccode\u003efalse\u003c/code\u003e, but can be set via the \u003ccode\u003eApplication\u003c/code\u003e constructor\noptions. This is intended to indicate the application is behind a proxy and\nwill use \u003ccode\u003eX-Forwarded-Proto\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eX-Forwarded-Host\u003c/code\u003e, and \u003ccode\u003eX-Forwarded-For\u003c/code\u003e when\nprocessing the request, which should provide more accurate information about\nthe request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e.state\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA record of application state, which can be strongly typed by specifying a\ngeneric argument when constructing an \u003ccode\u003eApplication()\u003c/code\u003e, or inferred by passing\na state object (e.g. \u003ccode\u003eApplication({ state })\u003c/code\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eContext\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-context\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Context\" href=\"#context\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe context passed to middleware has several properties:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e.app\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA reference to the \u003ccode\u003eApplication\u003c/code\u003e that is invoking this middleware.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e.cookies\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe \u003ccode\u003eCookies\u003c/code\u003e instance for this context which allows you to read and set\ncookies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e.request\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe \u003ccode\u003eRequest\u003c/code\u003e object which contains details about the request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e.respond\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eDetermines if when middleware finishes processing, the application should send\nthe \u003ccode\u003e.response\u003c/code\u003e to the client. If \u003ccode\u003etrue\u003c/code\u003e the response will be sent, and if\n\u003ccode\u003efalse\u003c/code\u003e the response will not be sent. The default is \u003ccode\u003etrue\u003c/code\u003e but certain\nmethods, like \u003ccode\u003e.upgrade()\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003e.sendEvents()\u003c/code\u003e will set this to \u003ccode\u003efalse\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e.response\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe \u003ccode\u003eResponse\u003c/code\u003e object which will be used to form the response sent back to the\nrequestor.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e.socket\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis will be \u003ccode\u003eundefined\u003c/code\u003e if the connection has not been upgraded to a web\nsocket. If the connection has been upgraded, the \u003ccode\u003e.socket\u003c/code\u003e interface will be\nset.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e.state\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA record of application state, which can be strongly typed by specifying a\ngeneric argument when constructing an \u003ccode\u003eApplication()\u003c/code\u003e, or inferred by passing\na state object (e.g. \u003ccode\u003eApplication({ state })\u003c/code\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe context passed to middleware has some methods:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e.assert()\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eMakes an assertion, which if not true, throws an \u003ccode\u003eHTTPError\u003c/code\u003e, which subclass\nis identified by the second argument, with the message being the third\nargument.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e.send()\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eStream a file to the requesting client. See \u003ca href=\"#static-content\"\u003eStatic content\u003c/a\u003e\nbelow for more information.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e.sendEvents()\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eConvert the current connection into a server-sent event response and return a\n\u003ccode\u003eServerSentEventTarget\u003c/code\u003e where messages and events can be streamed to the\nclient. This will set \u003ccode\u003e.respond\u003c/code\u003e to \u003ccode\u003efalse\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e.throw()\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThrows an \u003ccode\u003eHTTPError\u003c/code\u003e, which subclass is identified by the first argument,\nwith the message being passed as the second.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e.upgrade()\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAttempt to upgrade the connection to a web socket connection, and return a\n\u003ccode\u003eWebSocket\u003c/code\u003e interface. Previous version of oak, this would be a \u003ccode\u003ePromise\u003c/code\u003e\nresolving with a \u003ccode\u003estd/ws\u003c/code\u003e web socket.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eUnlike other middleware frameworks, \u003ccode\u003econtext\u003c/code\u003e does not have a significant amount\nof aliases. The information about the request is only located in \u003ccode\u003e.request\u003c/code\u003e and\nthe information about the response is only located in \u003ccode\u003e.response\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eCookies\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-cookies\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Cookies\" href=\"#cookies\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe \u003ccode\u003econtext.cookies\u003c/code\u003e allows access to the values of cookies in the request, and\nallows cookies to be set in the response. It automatically secures cookies if\nthe \u003ccode\u003e.keys\u003c/code\u003e property is set on the application. Because \u003ccode\u003e.cookies\u003c/code\u003e uses the web\ncrypto APIs to sign and validate cookies, and those APIs work in an asynchronous\nway, the cookie APIs work in an asynchronous way. It has several methods:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e.get(key: string, options?: CookieGetOptions): Promise\u0026lt;string | undefined\u0026gt;\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAttempts to retrieve the cookie out of the request and returns the value of\nthe cookie based on the key. If the applications \u003ccode\u003e.keys\u003c/code\u003e is set, then the\ncookie will be verified against a signed version of the cookie. If the cookie\nis valid, the promise will resolve with the value. If it is invalid, the\ncookie signature will be set to deleted on the response. If the cookie was not\nsigned by the current key, it will be resigned and added to the response.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e.set(key: string, value: string, options?: CookieSetDeleteOptions): Promise\u0026lt;void\u0026gt;\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWill set a cookie in the response based on the provided key, value and any\noptions. If the applications \u003ccode\u003e.keys\u003c/code\u003e is set, then the cookie will be signed\nand the signature added to the response. As the keys are signed\nasynchronously, awaiting the \u003ccode\u003e.set()\u003c/code\u003e method is advised.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eRequest\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-request\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Request\" href=\"#request\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe \u003ccode\u003econtext.request\u003c/code\u003e contains information about the request. It contains\nseveral properties:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e.body\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAn object which provides access to the body of the request. See below for\ndetails about the request body API.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e.hasBody\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSet to \u003ccode\u003etrue\u003c/code\u003e if the request might have a body, or \u003ccode\u003efalse\u003c/code\u003e if it does not. It\ndoes not validate if the body is supported by the built in body parser though.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e[!WARNING]\nThis is an unreliable API. In HTTP/2 in many situations you cannot determine\nif a request has a body or not unless you attempt to read the body, due to\nthe streaming nature of HTTP/2. As of Deno 1.16.1, for HTTP/1.1, Deno\nalso reflects that behavior. The only reliable way to determine if a request\nhas a body or not is to attempt to read the body.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIt is best to determine if a body might be meaningful to you with a given\nmethod, and then attempt to read and process the body if it is meaningful in a\ngiven context. For example \u003ccode\u003eGET\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003eHEAD\u003c/code\u003e should never have a body, but\nmethods like \u003ccode\u003eDELETE\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003eOPTIONS\u003c/code\u003e \u003cem\u003emight\u003c/em\u003e have a body and should be have\ntheir body conditionally processed if it is meaningful to your application.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e.headers\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe headers for the request, an instance of \u003ccode\u003eHeaders\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e.method\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA string that represents the HTTP method for the request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e.originalRequest\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDEPRECATED\u003c/strong\u003e this will be removed in a future release of oak.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe \"raw\" \u003ccode\u003eNativeServer\u003c/code\u003e request, which is an abstraction over the DOM\n\u003ccode\u003eRequest\u003c/code\u003e object. \u003ccode\u003e.originalRequest.request\u003c/code\u003e is the DOM \u003ccode\u003eRequest\u003c/code\u003e instance\nthat is being processed. Users should generally avoid using these.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e.secure\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA shortcut for \u003ccode\u003e.protocol\u003c/code\u003e, returning \u003ccode\u003etrue\u003c/code\u003e if HTTPS otherwise \u003ccode\u003efalse\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e.source\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWhen running under Deno, \u003ccode\u003e.source\u003c/code\u003e will be set to the source web standard\n\u003ccode\u003eRequest\u003c/code\u003e. When running under NodeJS, this will be \u003ccode\u003eundefined\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e.url\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAn instance of \u003ca href=\"https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/URL\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eURL\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\nwhich is based on the full URL for the request. This is in place of having\nparts of the URL exposed on the rest of the request object.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAnd several methods:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e.accepts(...types: string[])\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eNegotiates the content type supported by the request for the response. If no\ncontent types are passed, the method returns a prioritized array of accepted\ncontent types. If content types are passed, the best negotiated content type\nis returned. If no content type match \u003ccode\u003eundefined\u003c/code\u003e is returned.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e.acceptsEncodings(...encodings: string[])\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eNegotiates the content encoding supported by the request for the response. If\nno encodings are passed, the method returns a prioritized array of accepted\nencodings. If encodings are passed, the best negotiated encoding is returned.\nIf no encodings match \u003ccode\u003eundefined\u003c/code\u003e is returned.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e.acceptsLanguages(...languages: string[])\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eNegotiates the language the client is able to understand. Where a locale\nvariant takes preference. If no encodings are passed, the method returns a\nprioritized array of understood languages. If languages are passed, the best\nnegotiated language is returned. If no languages match \u003ccode\u003eundefined\u003c/code\u003e is\nreturned.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch5 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eRequest Body\u003c/h5\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-request-body\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Request Body\" href=\"#request-body\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-alert markdown-alert-important\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cp class=\"markdown-alert-title\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-report mr-2\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M0 1.75C0 .784.784 0 1.75 0h12.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 13H8.06l-2.573 2.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 3 14.543V13H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 11.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v9.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.19l2.72-2.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .53-.22h6.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-9.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Zm7 2.25v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 9a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003eImportant\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis API changed significantly in oak v13 and later. The previous API had\ngrown organically since oak was created in 2018 and didn't represent any other\ncommon API. The API introduced in v13 aligns better to the Fetch API's\n\u003ccode\u003eRequest\u003c/code\u003e way of dealing with the body, and should be more familiar to\ndevelopers coming to oak for the first time.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe API for the oak request \u003ccode\u003e.body\u003c/code\u003e is inspired by the Fetch API's \u003ccode\u003eRequest\u003c/code\u003e but\nwith some add functionality. The context's \u003ccode\u003erequest.body\u003c/code\u003e is an instance of an\nobject which provides several properties:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e.has\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSet to \u003ccode\u003etrue\u003c/code\u003e if the request might have a body, or \u003ccode\u003efalse\u003c/code\u003e if it does not. It\ndoes not validate if the body is supported by the built in body parser though.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e[!IMPORTANT]\nThis is an unreliable API. In HTTP/2 in many situations you cannot determine\nif a request has a body or not unless you attempt to read the body, due to\nthe streaming nature of HTTP/2. As of Deno 1.16.1, for HTTP/1.1, Deno\nalso reflects that behavior. The only reliable way to determine if a request\nhas a body or not is to attempt to read the body.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIt is best to determine if a body might be meaningful to you with a given\nmethod, and then attempt to read and process the body if it is meaningful in a\ngiven context. For example \u003ccode\u003eGET\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003eHEAD\u003c/code\u003e should never have a body, but\nmethods like \u003ccode\u003eDELETE\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003eOPTIONS\u003c/code\u003e \u003cem\u003emight\u003c/em\u003e have a body and should be have\ntheir body conditionally processed if it is meaningful to your application.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e.stream\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA \u003ccode\u003eReadableStream\u0026lt;Uint8Array\u0026gt;\u003c/code\u003e that will allow reading of the body in\n\u003ccode\u003eUint8Array\u003c/code\u003e chunks. This is akin the \u003ccode\u003e.body\u003c/code\u003e property in a Fetch API\n\u003ccode\u003eRequest\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e.used\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSet to \u003ccode\u003etrue\u003c/code\u003e if the body has been used, otherwise set to \u003ccode\u003efalse\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIt also has several methods:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003earrayBuffer()\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eResolves with an \u003ccode\u003eArrayBuffer\u003c/code\u003e that contains the contents of the body, if any.\nSuitable for reading/handling binary data.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eblob()\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eResolves with a \u003ccode\u003eBlob\u003c/code\u003e that contains the contents of the body. Suitable for\nreading/handling binary data.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eform()\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eResolves with a \u003ccode\u003eURLSearchParams\u003c/code\u003e which has been decoded from the contents of\na body. This is appropriate for a body with a content type of\n\u003ccode\u003eapplication/x-www-form-urlencoded\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eformData()\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eResolves with a \u003ccode\u003eFormData\u003c/code\u003e instance which has been decoded from the contents\nof a body. This is appropriate for a body with a content type of\n\u003ccode\u003emultipart/form-data\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ejson()\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eResolves with the data from the body parsed as JSON. If a \u003ccode\u003ejsonBodyReviver\u003c/code\u003e\nhas been specified in the application, it will be used when parsing the JSON.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003etext()\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eResolves with a string that represents the contents of the body.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003etype()\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAttempts to provide guidance of how the body is encoded which can be used to\ndetermine what method to use to decode the body. The method returns a string\nthat represents the interpreted body type:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cmarkdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eValue\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eDescription\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003e\"binary\"\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThe body has a content type that indicates binary data and the \u003ccode\u003e.arrayBuffer()\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003e.blob()\u003c/code\u003e or \u003ccode\u003e.stream\u003c/code\u003e should be used to read the body.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003e\"form\"\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThe body is encoded as form data and \u003ccode\u003e.form()\u003c/code\u003e should be used to read the body.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003e\"form-data\"\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThe body is encoded as a multi-part form and \u003ccode\u003e.formData()\u003c/code\u003e should be used to read the body.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003e\"json\"\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThe body is encoded as JSON data and \u003ccode\u003e.json()\u003c/code\u003e should be used to read the body.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003e\"text\"\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThe body is encoded as text and \u003ccode\u003e.text()\u003c/code\u003e should be used to read the body.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003e\"unknown\"\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEither there is no body or it was not possible to determine the body type based on the content type.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/markdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe \u003ccode\u003e.type()\u003c/code\u003e method also takes an optional argument of custom media types\nthat will be used when attempting to determine the type of the body. These are\nthen incorporated into the default media types. The value is an object where\nthe key is one of \u003ccode\u003ebinary\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eform\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eform-data\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003ejson\u003c/code\u003e, or \u003ccode\u003etext\u003c/code\u003e and the\nvalue is the appropriate media type in a format compatible with the\n\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/jshttp/type-is/?tab=readme-ov-file#typeisrequest-types\"\u003etype-is format\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eResponse\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-response\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Response\" href=\"#response\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe \u003ccode\u003econtext.response\u003c/code\u003e contains information about the response which will be\nsent back to the requestor. It contains several properties:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e.body\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe body of the response, which can often be handled by the automatic response\nbody handling documented below.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e.headers\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA \u003ccode\u003eHeaders\u003c/code\u003e instance which contains the headers for the response.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e.status\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAn HTTP \u003ccode\u003eStatus\u003c/code\u003e code that will be sent back with the response. If this is not\nset before responding, oak will default to \u003ccode\u003e200 OK\u003c/code\u003e if there is a \u003ccode\u003e.body\u003c/code\u003e,\notherwise \u003ccode\u003e404 Not Found\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e.type\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA media type or extension to set the \u003ccode\u003eContent-Type\u003c/code\u003e header for the response.\nFor example, you can provide \u003ccode\u003etxt\u003c/code\u003e or \u003ccode\u003etext/plain\u003c/code\u003e to describe the body.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAnd several methods:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e.redirect(url?: string | URL | REDIRECT_BACK, alt?: string | URL)\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA method to simplify redirecting the response to another URL. It will set the\n\u003ccode\u003eLocation\u003c/code\u003e header to the supplied \u003ccode\u003eurl\u003c/code\u003e and the status to \u003ccode\u003e302 Found\u003c/code\u003e (unless\nthe status is already a \u003ccode\u003e3XX\u003c/code\u003e status). The use of symbol \u003ccode\u003eREDIRECT_BACK\u003c/code\u003e as\nthe \u003ccode\u003eurl\u003c/code\u003e indicates that the \u003ccode\u003eReferer\u003c/code\u003e header in the request should be used as\nthe direction, with the \u003ccode\u003ealt\u003c/code\u003e being the alternative location if the \u003ccode\u003eReferer\u003c/code\u003e\nis not set. If neither the \u003ccode\u003ealt\u003c/code\u003e nor the \u003ccode\u003eReferer\u003c/code\u003e are set, the redirect will\noccur to \u003ccode\u003e/\u003c/code\u003e. A basic HTML (if the requestor supports it) or a text body will\nbe set explaining they are being redirected.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e.toDomResponse()\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis converts the information oak understands about the response to the Fetch\nAPI \u003ccode\u003eResponse\u003c/code\u003e. This will finalize the response, resulting in any further\nattempt to modify the response to throw. This is intended to be used\ninternally within oak to be able to respond to requests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e.with(response: Response)\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003e.with(body?: BodyInit, init?: ResponseInit)\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis sets the response to a web standard \u003ccode\u003eResponse\u003c/code\u003e. Note that this will\nignore/override any other information set on the response by other middleware\nincluding things like headers or cookies to be set.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eAutomatic response body handling\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-automatic-response-body-handling\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Automatic response body handling\" href=\"#automatic-response-body-handling\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWhen the response \u003ccode\u003eContent-Type\u003c/code\u003e is not set in the headers of the \u003ccode\u003e.response\u003c/code\u003e,\noak will automatically try to determine the appropriate \u003ccode\u003eContent-Type\u003c/code\u003e. First it\nwill look at \u003ccode\u003e.response.type\u003c/code\u003e. If assigned, it will try to resolve the\nappropriate media type based on treating the value of \u003ccode\u003e.type\u003c/code\u003e as either the\nmedia type, or resolving the media type based on an extension. For example if\n\u003ccode\u003e.type\u003c/code\u003e was set to \u003ccode\u003e\"html\"\u003c/code\u003e, then the \u003ccode\u003eContent-Type\u003c/code\u003e will be set to\n\u003ccode\u003e\"text/html\"\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIf \u003ccode\u003e.type\u003c/code\u003e is not set with a value, then oak will inspect the value of\n\u003ccode\u003e.response.body\u003c/code\u003e. If the value is a \u003ccode\u003estring\u003c/code\u003e, then oak will check to see if the\nstring looks like HTML, if so, \u003ccode\u003eContent-Type\u003c/code\u003e will be set to \u003ccode\u003etext/html\u003c/code\u003e\notherwise it will be set to \u003ccode\u003etext/plain\u003c/code\u003e. If the value is an object, other than\na \u003ccode\u003eUint8Array\u003c/code\u003e, a \u003ccode\u003eDeno.Reader\u003c/code\u003e, or \u003ccode\u003enull\u003c/code\u003e, the object will be passed to\n\u003ccode\u003eJSON.stringify()\u003c/code\u003e and the \u003ccode\u003eContent-Type\u003c/code\u003e will be set to \u003ccode\u003eapplication/json\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIf the type of body is a number, bigint or symbol, it will be coerced to a\nstring and treated as text.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIf the value of body is a function, the function will be called with no\narguments. If the return value of the function is promise like, that will be\nawait, and the resolved value will be processed as above. If the value is not\npromise like, it will be processed as above.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eOpening the server\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-opening-the-server\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Opening the server\" href=\"#opening-the-server\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe application method \u003ccode\u003e.listen()\u003c/code\u003e is used to open the server, start listening\nfor requests, and processing the registered middleware for each request. This\nmethod returns a promise when the server closes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eOnce the server is open, before it starts processing requests, the application\nwill fire a \u003ccode\u003e\"listen\"\u003c/code\u003e event, which can be listened for via the\n\u003ccode\u003e.addEventListener()\u003c/code\u003e method. For example:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-ts notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"import { Application } from \u0026quot;jsr:@oak/oak/application\u0026quot;;\n\nconst app = new Application();\n\napp.addEventListener(\u0026quot;listen\u0026quot;, ({ hostname, port, secure }) =\u0026gt; {\n console.log(\n `Listening on: ${secure ? \u0026quot;https://\u0026quot; : \u0026quot;http://\u0026quot;}${\n hostname ?? \u0026quot;localhost\u0026quot;\n }:${port}`,\n );\n});\n\n// register some middleware\n\nawait app.listen({ port: 80 });\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eimport\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eApplication\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efrom\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"jsr:@oak/oak/application\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003econst\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eApplication\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eaddEventListener\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"listen\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e hostname\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e port\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e secure \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003econsole\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003elog\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e`Listening on: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e${\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003esecure\u003c/span\u003e ? \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"https://\"\u003c/span\u003e : \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"http://\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e${\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ehostname\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e??\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"localhost\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e:\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e${\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eport\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e`\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// register some middleware\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003elisten\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eport\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e80\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eClosing the server\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-closing-the-server\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Closing the server\" href=\"#closing-the-server\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIf you want to close the application, the application supports the option of an\n\u003ca href=\"https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/AbortSignal\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eabort signal\u003c/a\u003e.\nHere is an example of using the signal:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-ts notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"import { Application } from \u0026quot;jsr:@oak/oak/application\u0026quot;;\n\nconst app = new Application();\n\nconst controller = new AbortController();\nconst { signal } = controller;\n\n// Add some middleware using `app.use()`\n\nconst listenPromise = app.listen({ port: 8000, signal });\n\n// In order to close the server...\ncontroller.abort();\n\n// Listen will stop listening for requests and the promise will resolve...\nawait listenPromise;\n// and you can do something after the close to shutdown\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eimport\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eApplication\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efrom\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"jsr:@oak/oak/application\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003econst\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eApplication\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003econst\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003econtroller\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eAbortController\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003econst\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e signal \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003econtroller\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// Add some middleware using `app.use()`\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003econst\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003elistenPromise\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003elisten\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eport\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e8000\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e signal \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// In order to close the server...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003econtroller\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eabort\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// Listen will stop listening for requests and the promise will resolve...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003elistenPromise\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// and you can do something after the close to shutdown\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eError handling\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-error-handling\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Error handling\" href=\"#error-handling\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eMiddleware can be used to handle other errors with middleware. Awaiting other\nmiddleware to execute while trapping errors works. So if you had an error\nhandling middleware that provides a well managed response to errors would work\nlike this:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-ts notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"import { Application } from \u0026quot;jsr:@oak/oak/application\u0026quot;;\nimport { isHttpError } from \u0026quot;jsr:@oak/commons/http_errors\u0026quot;;\nimport { Status } from \u0026quot;jsr:@oak/commons/status\u0026quot;;\n\nconst app = new Application();\n\napp.use(async (ctx, next) =\u0026gt; {\n try {\n await next();\n } catch (err) {\n if (isHttpError(err)) {\n switch (err.status) {\n case Status.NotFound:\n // handle NotFound\n break;\n default:\n // handle other statuses\n }\n } else {\n // rethrow if you can't handle the error\n throw err;\n }\n }\n});\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eimport\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eApplication\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efrom\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"jsr:@oak/oak/application\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eimport\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eisHttpError\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efrom\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"jsr:@oak/commons/http_errors\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eimport\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eStatus\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efrom\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"jsr:@oak/commons/status\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003econst\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eApplication\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003euse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003easync\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ectx\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003enext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003etry\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003enext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003ecatch\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eerr\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eisHttpError\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eerr\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eswitch\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eerr\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003estatus\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003ecase\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eStatus\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNotFound\u003c/span\u003e:\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// handle NotFound\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003ebreak\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003edefault\u003c/span\u003e:\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// handle other statuses\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eelse\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// rethrow if you can't handle the error\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003ethrow\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eerr\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eUncaught middleware exceptions will be caught by the application. \u003ccode\u003eApplication\u003c/code\u003e\nextends the global \u003ccode\u003eEventTarget\u003c/code\u003e in Deno, and when uncaught errors occur in the\nmiddleware or sending of responses, an \u003ccode\u003eEventError\u003c/code\u003e will be dispatched to the\napplication. To listen for these errors, you would add an event handler to the\napplication instance:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-ts notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"import { Application } from \u0026quot;jsr:@oak/oak/application\u0026quot;;\n\nconst app = new Application();\n\napp.addEventListener(\u0026quot;error\u0026quot;, (evt) =\u0026gt; {\n // Will log the thrown error to the console.\n console.log(evt.error);\n});\n\napp.use((ctx) =\u0026gt; {\n // Will throw a 500 on every request.\n ctx.throw(500);\n});\n\nawait app.listen({ port: 80 });\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eimport\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eApplication\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efrom\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"jsr:@oak/oak/application\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003econst\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eApplication\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eaddEventListener\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"error\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eevt\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// Will log the thrown error to the console.\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003econsole\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003elog\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eevt\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eerror\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003euse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ectx\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// Will throw a 500 on every request.\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ectx\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003ethrow\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e500\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003elisten\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eport\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e80\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eRouter\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-router\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Router\" href=\"#router\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe \u003ccode\u003eRouter\u003c/code\u003e class produces middleware which can be used with an \u003ccode\u003eApplication\u003c/code\u003e\nto enable routing based on the pathname of the request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eBasic usage\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-basic-usage\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Basic usage\" href=\"#basic-usage\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe following example serves up a \u003cem\u003eRESTful\u003c/em\u003e service of a map of books, where\n\u003ccode\u003ehttp://localhost:8000/book/\u003c/code\u003e will return an array of books and\n\u003ccode\u003ehttp://localhost:8000/book/1\u003c/code\u003e would return the book with ID \u003ccode\u003e\"1\"\u003c/code\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-ts notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"import { Application } from \u0026quot;jsr:@oak/oak/application\u0026quot;;\nimport { Router } from \u0026quot;jsr:@oak/oak/router\u0026quot;;\n\nconst books = new Map\u0026lt;string, any\u0026gt;();\nbooks.set(\u0026quot;1\u0026quot;, {\n id: \u0026quot;1\u0026quot;,\n title: \u0026quot;The Hound of the Baskervilles\u0026quot;,\n author: \u0026quot;Conan Doyle, Arthur\u0026quot;,\n});\n\nconst router = new Router();\nrouter\n .get(\u0026quot;/\u0026quot;, (context) =\u0026gt; {\n context.response.body = \u0026quot;Hello world!\u0026quot;;\n })\n .get(\u0026quot;/book\u0026quot;, (context) =\u0026gt; {\n context.response.body = Array.from(books.values());\n })\n .get(\u0026quot;/book/:id\u0026quot;, (context) =\u0026gt; {\n if (books.has(context?.params?.id)) {\n context.response.body = books.get(context.params.id);\n }\n });\n\nconst app = new Application();\napp.use(router.routes());\napp.use(router.allowedMethods());\n\nawait app.listen({ port: 8000 });\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eimport\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eApplication\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efrom\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"jsr:@oak/oak/application\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eimport\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eRouter\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efrom\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"jsr:@oak/oak/router\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003econst\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ebooks\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eMap\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003estring\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eany\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ebooks\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eset\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"1\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eid\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"1\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003etitle\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"The Hound of the Baskervilles\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eauthor\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"Conan Doyle, Arthur\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003econst\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003erouter\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eRouter\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003erouter\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eget\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"/\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eresponse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ebody\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"Hello world!\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eget\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"/book\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eresponse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ebody\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eArray\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003efrom\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ebooks\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003evalues\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eget\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"/book/:id\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ebooks\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003ehas\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e?.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eparams\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e?.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eid\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eresponse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ebody\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ebooks\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eget\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eparams\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eid\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003econst\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eApplication\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003euse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003erouter\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eroutes\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003euse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003erouter\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eallowedMethods\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003elisten\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eport\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e8000\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA route passed is converted to a regular expression using\n\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/pillarjs/path-to-regexp\"\u003epath-to-regexp\u003c/a\u003e, which means\nparameters expressed in the pattern will be converted. \u003ccode\u003epath-to-regexp\u003c/code\u003e has\nadvanced usage which can create complex patterns which can be used for matching.\nCheck out the\n\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/pillarjs/path-to-regexp#parameters\"\u003edocumentation for that library\u003c/a\u003e\nif you have advanced use cases.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIn most cases, the type of \u003ccode\u003econtext.params\u003c/code\u003e is automatically inferred from the\npath template string through typescript magic. In more complex scenarios this\nmight not yield the correct result however. In that case you can override the\ntype with \u003ccode\u003erouter.get\u0026lt;RouteParams\u0026gt;\u003c/code\u003e, where \u003ccode\u003eRouteParams\u003c/code\u003e is the explicit type\nfor \u003ccode\u003econtext.params\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eNested routers\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-nested-routers\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Nested routers\" href=\"#nested-routers\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eNesting routers is supported. The following example responds to\n\u003ccode\u003ehttp://localhost:8000/forums/oak/posts\u003c/code\u003e and\n\u003ccode\u003ehttp://localhost:8000/forums/oak/posts/nested-routers\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-ts notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"import { Application } from \u0026quot;jsr:@oak/oak/application\u0026quot;;\nimport { Router } from \u0026quot;jsr:@oak/oak/router\u0026quot;;\n\nconst posts = new Router()\n .get(\u0026quot;/\u0026quot;, (ctx) =\u0026gt; {\n ctx.response.body = `Forum: ${ctx.params.forumId}`;\n })\n .get(\u0026quot;/:postId\u0026quot;, (ctx) =\u0026gt; {\n ctx.response.body =\n `Forum: ${ctx.params.forumId}, Post: ${ctx.params.postId}`;\n });\n\nconst forums = new Router().use(\n \u0026quot;/forums/:forumId/posts\u0026quot;,\n posts.routes(),\n posts.allowedMethods(),\n);\n\nawait new Application().use(forums.routes()).listen({ port: 8000 });\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eimport\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eApplication\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efrom\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"jsr:@oak/oak/application\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eimport\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eRouter\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efrom\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"jsr:@oak/oak/router\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003econst\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eposts\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eRouter\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eget\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"/\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ectx\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ectx\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eresponse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ebody\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e`Forum: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e${\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ectx\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eparams\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eforumId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e`\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eget\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"/:postId\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ectx\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ectx\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eresponse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ebody\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e`Forum: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e${\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ectx\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eparams\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eforumId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e, Post: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e${\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ectx\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eparams\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003epostId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e`\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003econst\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eforums\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eRouter\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003euse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"/forums/:forumId/posts\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eposts\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eroutes\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eposts\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eallowedMethods\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eApplication\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003euse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eforums\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eroutes\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003elisten\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eport\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e8000\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eStatic content\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-static-content\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Static content\" href=\"#static-content\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe function \u003ccode\u003esend()\u003c/code\u003e is designed to serve static content as part of a\nmiddleware function. In the most straight forward usage, a root is provided and\nrequests provided to the function are fulfilled with files from the local file\nsystem relative to the root from the requested path.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA basic usage would look something like this:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-ts notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"import { Application } from \u0026quot;jsr:@oak/oak/application\u0026quot;;\n\nconst app = new Application();\n\napp.use(async (context, next) =\u0026gt; {\n try {\n await context.send({\n root: `${Deno.cwd()}/examples/static`,\n index: \u0026quot;index.html\u0026quot;,\n });\n } catch {\n await next();\n }\n});\n\nawait app.listen({ port: 8000 });\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eimport\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eApplication\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efrom\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"jsr:@oak/oak/application\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003econst\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eApplication\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003euse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003easync\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003enext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003etry\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003esend\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eroot\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e`\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e${\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eDeno\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003ecwd\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e/examples/static`\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eindex\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"index.html\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003ecatch\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003enext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003elisten\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eport\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e8000\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003esend()\u003c/code\u003e automatically supports features like providing \u003ccode\u003eETag\u003c/code\u003e and\n\u003ccode\u003eLast-Modified\u003c/code\u003e headers in the response as well as processing \u003ccode\u003eIf-None-Match\u003c/code\u003e\nand \u003ccode\u003eIf-Modified-Since\u003c/code\u003e headers in the request. This means when serving up\nstatic content, clients will be able to rely upon their cached versions of\nassets instead of re-downloading them.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eETag support\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-etag-support\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: ETag support\" href=\"#etag-support\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe \u003ccode\u003esend()\u003c/code\u003e method automatically supports generating an \u003ccode\u003eETag\u003c/code\u003e header for\nstatic assets. The header allows the client to determine if it needs to\nre-download an asset or not, but it can be useful to calculate \u003ccode\u003eETag\u003c/code\u003es for other\nscenarios.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThere is a middleware function that assesses the \u003ccode\u003econtext.reponse.body\u003c/code\u003e and\ndetermines if it can create an \u003ccode\u003eETag\u003c/code\u003e header for that body type, and if so sets\nthe \u003ccode\u003eETag\u003c/code\u003e header on the response. Basic usage would look something like this:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-ts notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"import { Application } from \u0026quot;jsr:@oak/oak/application\u0026quot;;\nimport { factory } from \u0026quot;jsr:@oak/oak/etag\u0026quot;;\n\nconst app = new Application();\n\napp.use(factory());\n\n// ... other middleware for the application\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eimport\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eApplication\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efrom\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"jsr:@oak/oak/application\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eimport\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003efactory\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efrom\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"jsr:@oak/oak/etag\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003econst\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eApplication\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003euse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003efactory\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// ... other middleware for the application\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThere is also a function which retrieves an entity for a given context based on\nwhat it logical to read into memory which can be passed to the etag calculate\nthat is part of the Deno std library:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-ts notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"import { Application } from \u0026quot;jsr:@oak/oak/application\u0026quot;;\nimport { getEntity } from \u0026quot;jsr:@oak/oak/etag\u0026quot;;\nimport { calculate } from \u0026quot;jsr:@std/http/etag\u0026quot;;\n\nconst app = new Application();\n\n// The context.response.body has already been set...\n\napp.use(async (ctx) =\u0026gt; {\n const entity = await getEntity(ctx);\n if (entity) {\n const etag = await calculate(entity);\n }\n});\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eimport\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eApplication\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efrom\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"jsr:@oak/oak/application\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eimport\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003egetEntity\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efrom\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"jsr:@oak/oak/etag\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eimport\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ecalculate\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efrom\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"jsr:@std/http/etag\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003econst\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eApplication\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// The context.response.body has already been set...\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003euse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003easync\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ectx\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003econst\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eentity\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003egetEntity\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ectx\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eentity\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003econst\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eetag\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003ecalculate\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eentity\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eFetch API and \u003ccode\u003eDeno.serve()\u003c/code\u003e migration\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-fetch-api-and-denoserve-migration\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Fetch API and Deno.serve() migration\" href=\"#fetch-api-and-denoserve-migration\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIf you are migrating from \u003ccode\u003eDeno.serve()\u003c/code\u003e or adapting code that is designed for\nthe web standard Fetch API \u003ccode\u003eRequest\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003eResponse\u003c/code\u003e, there are a couple features\nof oak to assist.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ectx.request.source\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-ctxrequestsource\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: ctx.request.source\" href=\"#ctxrequestsource\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWhen running under Deno, this will be set to a Fetch API \u003ccode\u003eRequest\u003c/code\u003e, giving\ndirect access to the original request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ectx.response.with()\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-ctxresponsewith\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: ctx.response.with()\" href=\"#ctxresponsewith\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis method will accept a Fetch API \u003ccode\u003eResponse\u003c/code\u003e or create a new response based\non the provided \u003ccode\u003eBodyInit\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003eResponseInit\u003c/code\u003e. This will also finalize the\nresponse and ignores anything that may have been set on the oak \u003ccode\u003e.response\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003emiddleware/serve#serve()\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003emiddelware/serve#route()\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-middlewareserveserve-and-middelwareserveroute\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: middleware/serve#serve() and middelware/serve#route()\" href=\"#middlewareserveserve-and-middelwareserveroute\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThese two middleware generators can be used to adapt code that operates more\nlike the \u003ccode\u003eDeno.serve()\u003c/code\u003e in that it provides a Fetch API \u003ccode\u003eRequest\u003c/code\u003e and expects\nthe handler to resolve with a Fetch API \u003ccode\u003eResponse\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAn example of using \u003ccode\u003eserve()\u003c/code\u003e with \u003ccode\u003eApplication.prototype.use()\u003c/code\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-ts notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"import { Application } from \u0026quot;jsr:@oak/oak/application\u0026quot;;\nimport { serve } from \u0026quot;jsr:@oak/oak/serve\u0026quot;;\n\nconst app = new Application();\n\napp.use(serve((req, ctx) =\u0026gt; {\n console.log(req.url);\n return new Response(\u0026quot;Hello world!\u0026quot;);\n}));\n\napp.listen();\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eimport\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eApplication\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efrom\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"jsr:@oak/oak/application\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eimport\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eserve\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efrom\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"jsr:@oak/oak/serve\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003econst\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eApplication\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003euse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eserve\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ereq\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ectx\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003econsole\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003elog\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ereq\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eurl\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eResponse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"Hello world!\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003elisten\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAnd a similar solution works with \u003ccode\u003eroute()\u003c/code\u003e where the context contains the\ninformation about the router, like the params:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-ts notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"import { Application } from \u0026quot;jsr:@oak/oak/application\u0026quot;;\nimport { Router } from \u0026quot;jsr:@oak/oak/router\u0026quot;;\nimport { route } from \u0026quot;jsr:@oak/oak/serve\u0026quot;;\n\nconst app = new Application;\n\nconst router = new Router();\n\nrouter.get(\u0026quot;/books/:id\u0026quot;, route((req, ctx) =\u0026gt; {\n console.log(ctx.params.id);\n return Response.json({ title: \u0026quot;hello world\u0026quot;, id: ctx.params.id });\n}));\n\napp.use(router.routes());\n\napp.listen();\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eimport\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eApplication\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efrom\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"jsr:@oak/oak/application\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eimport\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eRouter\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efrom\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"jsr:@oak/oak/router\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eimport\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eroute\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efrom\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"jsr:@oak/oak/serve\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003econst\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eApplication\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003econst\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003erouter\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eRouter\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003erouter\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eget\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"/books/:id\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eroute\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ereq\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ectx\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003econsole\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003elog\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ectx\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eparams\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eid\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eResponse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003ejson\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003etitle\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"hello world\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eid\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ectx\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eparams\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eid\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003euse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003erouter\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eroutes\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003elisten\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eTesting\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-testing\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Testing\" href=\"#testing\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe \u003ccode\u003emod.ts\u003c/code\u003e exports an object named \u003ccode\u003etesting\u003c/code\u003e which contains some utilities for\ntesting oak middleware you might create. See the\n\u003ca href=\"https://oakserver.github.io/oak/testing\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eTesting with oak\u003c/a\u003e for more\ninformation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThere are several modules that are directly adapted from other modules. They\nhave preserved their individual licenses and copyrights. All of the modules,\nincluding those directly adapted are licensed under the MIT License.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAll additional work is copyright 2018 - 2025 the oak authors. All rights\nreserved.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/article\u003e","loaded":true,"timedOut":false,"errorMessage":null,"headerInfo":{"toc":[{"level":1,"text":"oak","anchor":"oak","htmlText":"oak"},{"level":2,"text":"Usage","anchor":"usage","htmlText":"Usage"},{"level":3,"text":"Deno CLI and Deno Deploy","anchor":"deno-cli-and-deno-deploy","htmlText":"Deno CLI and Deno Deploy"},{"level":3,"text":"Node.js","anchor":"nodejs","htmlText":"Node.js"},{"level":3,"text":"Cloudflare Workers","anchor":"cloudflare-workers","htmlText":"Cloudflare Workers"},{"level":3,"text":"Bun","anchor":"bun","htmlText":"Bun"},{"level":2,"text":"Application, middleware, and context","anchor":"application-middleware-and-context","htmlText":"Application, middleware, and context"},{"level":3,"text":".handle() method","anchor":"handle-method","htmlText":".handle() method"},{"level":3,"text":"Context","anchor":"context","htmlText":"Context"},{"level":4,"text":"Cookies","anchor":"cookies","htmlText":"Cookies"},{"level":4,"text":"Request","anchor":"request","htmlText":"Request"},{"level":5,"text":"Request Body","anchor":"request-body","htmlText":"Request Body"},{"level":4,"text":"Response","anchor":"response","htmlText":"Response"},{"level":3,"text":"Automatic response body handling","anchor":"automatic-response-body-handling","htmlText":"Automatic response body handling"},{"level":3,"text":"Opening the server","anchor":"opening-the-server","htmlText":"Opening the server"},{"level":3,"text":"Closing the server","anchor":"closing-the-server","htmlText":"Closing the server"},{"level":3,"text":"Error handling","anchor":"error-handling","htmlText":"Error handling"},{"level":2,"text":"Router","anchor":"router","htmlText":"Router"},{"level":3,"text":"Basic usage","anchor":"basic-usage","htmlText":"Basic usage"},{"level":3,"text":"Nested routers","anchor":"nested-routers","htmlText":"Nested routers"},{"level":2,"text":"Static content","anchor":"static-content","htmlText":"Static content"},{"level":3,"text":"ETag support","anchor":"etag-support","htmlText":"ETag support"},{"level":2,"text":"Fetch API and Deno.serve() migration","anchor":"fetch-api-and-denoserve-migration","htmlText":"Fetch API and Deno.serve() migration"},{"level":3,"text":"ctx.request.source","anchor":"ctxrequestsource","htmlText":"ctx.request.source"},{"level":3,"text":"ctx.response.with()","anchor":"ctxresponsewith","htmlText":"ctx.response.with()"},{"level":3,"text":"middleware/serve#serve() and middelware/serve#route()","anchor":"middlewareserveserve-and-middelwareserveroute","htmlText":"middleware/serve#serve() and middelware/serve#route()"},{"level":2,"text":"Testing","anchor":"testing","htmlText":"Testing"}],"siteNavLoginPath":"/login?return_to=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Foakserver%2Foak"}},{"displayName":"CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md","repoName":"oak","refName":"main","path":"docs/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md","preferredFileType":"code_of_conduct","tabName":"Code of 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fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="m11.28 3.22 4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 1 .215-.734L13.94 8l-3.72-3.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .326-1.275.749.749 0 0 1 .734.215Zm-6.56 0a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042L2.06 8l3.72 3.72a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L.47 8.53a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></span><span data-component="text" class="prc-Button-Label-pTQ3x">Code</span><span data-component="trailingVisual" class="prc-Button-Visual-2epfX prc-Button-VisualWrap-Db-eB"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path></svg></span></span></button><div 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0 1.5h-8.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5ZM2 14a1 1 0 1 1 0-2 1 1 0 0 1 0 2Zm1-6a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0ZM2 4a1 1 0 1 1 0-2 1 1 0 0 1 0 2Z"></path></svg></button></div><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 QkQOb js-snippet-clipboard-copy-unpositioned undefined" data-hpc="true"><article class="markdown-body entry-content container-lg" itemprop="text"><div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">oak</h1><a id="user-content-oak" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: oak" href="#oak"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://jsr.io/@oak/oak" rel="nofollow"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/db4457d7500264ed6efe73633841cbf9098dd2e26435d26b8f43240e367db75e/68747470733a2f2f6a73722e696f2f6261646765732f406f616b2f6f616b" alt="jsr.io/@oak/oak" data-canonical-src="https://jsr.io/badges/@oak/oak" style="max-width: 100%;"></a> <a href="https://jsr.io/@oak/oak" rel="nofollow"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/3ce9347bc12b37a957105b8579f31bfc5b1003ade7476fe7bf587bdb9727fae7/68747470733a2f2f6a73722e696f2f6261646765732f406f616b2f6f616b2f73636f7265" alt="jsr.io/@oak/oak score" data-canonical-src="https://jsr.io/badges/@oak/oak/score" style="max-width: 100%;"></a> <a href="https://deno.land/x/oak" rel="nofollow"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/d5717a96be201b89dde22b514756146bebb768be05f09283c43553c6b6024c46/68747470733a2f2f64656e6f2e6c616e642f62616467652f6f616b2f76657273696f6e" alt="deno.land/x/oak" data-canonical-src="https://deno.land/badge/oak/version" style="max-width: 100%;"></a> <a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/@oakserver/oak" rel="nofollow"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/c426f7607cf57c9faa623e54e8a43cb03aba94f46ddf7ee2623aac69f7fc409d/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f6e706d2f762f406f616b7365727665722f6f616b" alt="npm Version" data-canonical-src="https://img.shields.io/npm/v/@oakserver/oak" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/oakserver/oak"><img src="https://github.com/oakserver/oak/workflows/ci/badge.svg" alt="oak ci" style="max-width: 100%;"></a> <a href="https://codecov.io/gh/oakserver/oak" rel="nofollow"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/14e6b20652c58166b6856d9ac20da71e5fd888f341e27f44866fcbbecb3182b9/68747470733a2f2f636f6465636f762e696f2f67682f6f616b7365727665722f6f616b2f6272616e63682f6d61696e2f67726170682f62616467652e7376673f746f6b656e3d4b454b5a35324e584750" alt="codecov" data-canonical-src="https://codecov.io/gh/oakserver/oak/branch/main/graph/badge.svg?token=KEKZ52NXGP" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></p> <p dir="auto">A middleware framework for Deno's native HTTP server, <a href="https://deno.com/deploy" rel="nofollow">Deno Deploy</a>, Node.js 16.5 and later, <a href="https://workers.cloudflare.com/" rel="nofollow">Cloudflare Workers</a> and <a href="https://bun.sh/" rel="nofollow">Bun</a>. It also includes a middleware router.</p> <p dir="auto">This middleware framework is inspired by <a href="https://github.com/koajs/koa/">Koa</a> and middleware router inspired by <a href="https://github.com/koajs/router/">@koa/router</a>.</p> <p dir="auto">This README focuses on the mechanics of the oak APIs and is intended for those who are familiar with JavaScript middleware frameworks like Express and Koa as well as a decent understanding of Deno. If you aren't familiar with these, please check out documentation on <a href="https://oakserver.github.io/oak/" rel="nofollow">oakserver.github.io/oak</a>.</p> <p dir="auto">Also, check out our <a href="https://oakserver.github.io/oak/FAQ" rel="nofollow">FAQs</a> and the <a href="https://oakserver.github.io/awesome-oak/" rel="nofollow">awesome-oak</a> site of community resources.</p> <div class="markdown-alert markdown-alert-note" dir="auto"><p class="markdown-alert-title" dir="auto"><svg class="octicon octicon-info mr-2" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M0 8a8 8 0 1 1 16 0A8 8 0 0 1 0 8Zm8-6.5a6.5 6.5 0 1 0 0 13 6.5 6.5 0 0 0 0-13ZM6.5 7.75A.75.75 0 0 1 7.25 7h1a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.75h.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-2a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h.25v-2h-.25a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75ZM8 6a1 1 0 1 1 0-2 1 1 0 0 1 0 2Z"></path></svg>Note</p><p dir="auto">The examples in this README pull from <code>main</code> and are designed for Deno CLI or Deno Deploy, which may not make sense to do when you are looking to actually deploy a workload. You would want to "pin" to a particular version which is compatible with the version of Deno you are using and has a fixed set of APIs you would expect. <code>https://deno.land/x/</code> supports using git tags in the URL to direct you at a particular version. So to use version 13.0.0 of oak, you would want to import <code>https://deno.land/x/oak@v13.0.0/mod.ts</code>.</p> </div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Usage</h2><a id="user-content-usage" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Usage" href="#usage"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Deno CLI and Deno Deploy</h3><a id="user-content-deno-cli-and-deno-deploy" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Deno CLI and Deno Deploy" href="#deno-cli-and-deno-deploy"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">oak is available on both <a href="https://deno.land/x/oak/" rel="nofollow">deno.land/x</a> and <a href="https://jsr.io/@oak/oak" rel="nofollow">JSR</a>. To use from <code>deno.land/x</code>, import into a module:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-ts notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="import { Application } from "https://deno.land/x/oak/mod.ts";"><pre><span class="pl-k">import</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-v">Application</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-k">from</span> <span class="pl-s">"https://deno.land/x/oak/mod.ts"</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">To use from JSR, import into a module:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-ts notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="import { Application } from "jsr:@oak/oak";"><pre><span class="pl-k">import</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-v">Application</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-k">from</span> <span class="pl-s">"jsr:@oak/oak"</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">Or use the Deno CLI to add it to your project:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="deno add jsr:@oak/oak"><pre class="notranslate"><code>deno add jsr:@oak/oak </code></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Node.js</h3><a id="user-content-nodejs" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Node.js" href="#nodejs"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">oak is available for Node.js on both <a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/@oakserver/oak" rel="nofollow">npm</a> and <a href="https://jsr.io/@oak/oak" rel="nofollow">JSR</a>. To use from npm, install the package:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="npm i @oakserver/oak"><pre class="notranslate"><code>npm i @oakserver/oak </code></pre></div> <p dir="auto">And then import into a module:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-js notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="import { Application } from "@oakserver/oak";"><pre><span class="pl-k">import</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-v">Application</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-k">from</span> <span class="pl-s">"@oakserver/oak"</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">To use from JSR, install the package:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="npx jsr i @oak/oak"><pre class="notranslate"><code>npx jsr i @oak/oak </code></pre></div> <p dir="auto">And then import into a module:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-js notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="import { Application } from "@oak/oak/application";"><pre><span class="pl-k">import</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-v">Application</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-k">from</span> <span class="pl-s">"@oak/oak/application"</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span></pre></div> <div class="markdown-alert markdown-alert-note" dir="auto"><p class="markdown-alert-title" dir="auto"><svg class="octicon octicon-info mr-2" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M0 8a8 8 0 1 1 16 0A8 8 0 0 1 0 8Zm8-6.5a6.5 6.5 0 1 0 0 13 6.5 6.5 0 0 0 0-13ZM6.5 7.75A.75.75 0 0 1 7.25 7h1a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.75h.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-2a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h.25v-2h-.25a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75ZM8 6a1 1 0 1 1 0-2 1 1 0 0 1 0 2Z"></path></svg>Note</p><p dir="auto">Send, websocket upgrades and serving over TLS/HTTPS are not currently supported.</p> <p dir="auto">In addition the Cloudflare Worker environment and execution context are not currently exposed to middleware.</p> </div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Cloudflare Workers</h3><a id="user-content-cloudflare-workers" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Cloudflare Workers" href="#cloudflare-workers"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">oak is available for <a href="https://workers.cloudflare.com/" rel="nofollow">Cloudflare Workers</a> on <a href="https://jsr.io/@oak/oak" rel="nofollow">JSR</a>. To use add the package to your Cloudflare Worker project:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="npx jsr add @oak/oak"><pre class="notranslate"><code>npx jsr add @oak/oak </code></pre></div> <p dir="auto">And then import into a module:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-ts notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="import { Application } from "@oak/oak/application";"><pre><span class="pl-k">import</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-v">Application</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-k">from</span> <span class="pl-s">"@oak/oak/application"</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">Unlike other runtimes, the oak application doesn't listen for incoming requests, instead it handles worker fetch requests. A minimal example server would be:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-ts notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="import { Application } from "@oak/oak/application"; const app = new Application(); app.use((ctx) => { ctx.response.body = "Hello CFW!"; }); export default { fetch: app.fetch };"><pre><span class="pl-k">import</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-v">Application</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-k">from</span> <span class="pl-s">"@oak/oak/application"</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">const</span> <span class="pl-s1">app</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-k">new</span> <span class="pl-v">Application</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-s1">app</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">use</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">ctx</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-c1">=></span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-s1">ctx</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">response</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">body</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-s">"Hello CFW!"</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">export</span> <span class="pl-k">default</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-c1">fetch</span>: <span class="pl-s1">app</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">fetch</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span></pre></div> <div class="markdown-alert markdown-alert-note" dir="auto"><p class="markdown-alert-title" dir="auto"><svg class="octicon octicon-info mr-2" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M0 8a8 8 0 1 1 16 0A8 8 0 0 1 0 8Zm8-6.5a6.5 6.5 0 1 0 0 13 6.5 6.5 0 0 0 0-13ZM6.5 7.75A.75.75 0 0 1 7.25 7h1a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.75h.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-2a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h.25v-2h-.25a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75ZM8 6a1 1 0 1 1 0-2 1 1 0 0 1 0 2Z"></path></svg>Note</p><p dir="auto">Send and websocket upgrades are not currently supported.</p> </div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Bun</h3><a id="user-content-bun" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Bun" href="#bun"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">oak is available for Bun on <a href="https://jsr.io/@oak/oak" rel="nofollow">JSR</a>. To use install the package:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="bunx jsr i @oak/oak"><pre class="notranslate"><code>bunx jsr i @oak/oak </code></pre></div> <p dir="auto">And then import into a module:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-ts notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="import { Application } from "@oak/oak/application";"><pre><span class="pl-k">import</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-v">Application</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-k">from</span> <span class="pl-s">"@oak/oak/application"</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span></pre></div> <div class="markdown-alert markdown-alert-note" dir="auto"><p class="markdown-alert-title" dir="auto"><svg class="octicon octicon-info mr-2" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M0 8a8 8 0 1 1 16 0A8 8 0 0 1 0 8Zm8-6.5a6.5 6.5 0 1 0 0 13 6.5 6.5 0 0 0 0-13ZM6.5 7.75A.75.75 0 0 1 7.25 7h1a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.75h.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-2a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h.25v-2h-.25a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75ZM8 6a1 1 0 1 1 0-2 1 1 0 0 1 0 2Z"></path></svg>Note</p><p dir="auto">Send and websocket upgrades are not currently supported.</p> </div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Application, middleware, and context</h2><a id="user-content-application-middleware-and-context" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Application, middleware, and context" href="#application-middleware-and-context"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The <code>Application</code> class coordinates managing the HTTP server, running middleware, and handling errors that occur when processing requests. Two of the methods are generally used: <code>.use()</code> and <code>.listen()</code>. Middleware is added via the <code>.use()</code> method and the <code>.listen()</code> method will start the server and start processing requests with the registered middleware.</p> <p dir="auto">A basic usage, responding to every request with <em>Hello World!</em>:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-ts notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="import { Application } from "jsr:@oak/oak/application"; const app = new Application(); app.use((ctx) => { ctx.response.body = "Hello World!"; }); await app.listen({ port: 8000 });"><pre><span class="pl-k">import</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-v">Application</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-k">from</span> <span class="pl-s">"jsr:@oak/oak/application"</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">const</span> <span class="pl-s1">app</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-k">new</span> <span class="pl-v">Application</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-s1">app</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">use</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">ctx</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-c1">=></span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-s1">ctx</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">response</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">body</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-s">"Hello World!"</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">await</span> <span class="pl-s1">app</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">listen</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-c1">port</span>: <span class="pl-c1">8000</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">You would then run this script in Deno like:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="> deno run --allow-net helloWorld.ts"><pre class="notranslate"><code>> deno run --allow-net helloWorld.ts </code></pre></div> <p dir="auto">For more information on running code under Deno, or information on how to install the Deno CLI, check out the <a href="https://deno.land/manual" rel="nofollow">Deno manual</a>.</p> <p dir="auto">The middleware is processed as a stack, where each middleware function can control the flow of the response. When the middleware is called, it is passed a context and reference to the "next" method in the stack.</p> <p dir="auto">A more complex example:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-ts notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="import { Application } from "jsr:@oak/oak/application"; const app = new Application(); // Logger app.use(async (ctx, next) => { await next(); const rt = ctx.response.headers.get("X-Response-Time"); console.log(`${ctx.request.method} ${ctx.request.url} - ${rt}`); }); // Timing app.use(async (ctx, next) => { const start = Date.now(); await next(); const ms = Date.now() - start; ctx.response.headers.set("X-Response-Time", `${ms}ms`); }); // Hello World! app.use((ctx) => { ctx.response.body = "Hello World!"; }); await app.listen({ port: 8000 });"><pre><span class="pl-k">import</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-v">Application</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-k">from</span> <span class="pl-s">"jsr:@oak/oak/application"</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">const</span> <span class="pl-s1">app</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-k">new</span> <span class="pl-v">Application</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-c">// Logger</span> <span class="pl-s1">app</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">use</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-k">async</span> <span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">ctx</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-s1">next</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-c1">=></span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-k">await</span> <span class="pl-en">next</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">const</span> <span class="pl-s1">rt</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-s1">ctx</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">response</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">headers</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">get</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s">"X-Response-Time"</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-smi">console</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">log</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s">`<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-kos">${</span><span class="pl-s1">ctx</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">request</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">method</span><span class="pl-kos">}</span></span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-kos">${</span><span class="pl-s1">ctx</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">request</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">url</span><span class="pl-kos">}</span></span> - <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-kos">${</span><span class="pl-s1">rt</span><span class="pl-kos">}</span></span>`</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-c">// Timing</span> <span class="pl-s1">app</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">use</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-k">async</span> <span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">ctx</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-s1">next</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-c1">=></span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-k">const</span> <span class="pl-s1">start</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-v">Date</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">now</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">await</span> <span class="pl-en">next</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">const</span> <span class="pl-s1">ms</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-v">Date</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">now</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-c1">-</span> <span class="pl-s1">start</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-s1">ctx</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">response</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">headers</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">set</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s">"X-Response-Time"</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-s">`<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-kos">${</span><span class="pl-s1">ms</span><span class="pl-kos">}</span></span>ms`</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-c">// Hello World!</span> <span class="pl-s1">app</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">use</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">ctx</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-c1">=></span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-s1">ctx</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">response</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">body</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-s">"Hello World!"</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">await</span> <span class="pl-s1">app</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">listen</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-c1">port</span>: <span class="pl-c1">8000</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">To provide an HTTPS server, then the <code>app.listen()</code> options need to include the options <code>.secure</code> option set to <code>true</code> and supply a <code>.certFile</code> and a <code>.keyFile</code> options as well.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>.handle()</code> method</h3><a id="user-content-handle-method" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: .handle() method" href="#handle-method"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The <code>.handle()</code> method is used to process requests and receive responses without having the application manage the server aspect. This though is advanced usage and most users will want to use <code>.listen()</code>.</p> <p dir="auto">The <code>.handle()</code> method accepts up to three arguments. The first being a <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Request" rel="nofollow"><code>Request</code></a> argument, and the second being a <code>Deno.Conn</code> argument. The third optional argument is a flag to indicate if the request was "secure" in the sense it originated from a TLS connection to the remote client. The method resolved with a <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Response" rel="nofollow"><code>Response</code></a> object or <code>undefined</code> if the <code>ctx.respond === true</code>.</p> <p dir="auto">An example:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-ts notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="import { Application } from "jsr:@oak/oak/application"; const app = new Application(); app.use((ctx) => { ctx.response.body = "Hello World!"; }); Deno.serve(async (request, info) => { const res = await app.handle(request, info.remoteAddr); return res ?? Response.error(); });"><pre><span class="pl-k">import</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-v">Application</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-k">from</span> <span class="pl-s">"jsr:@oak/oak/application"</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">const</span> <span class="pl-s1">app</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-k">new</span> <span class="pl-v">Application</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-s1">app</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">use</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">ctx</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-c1">=></span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-s1">ctx</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">response</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">body</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-s">"Hello World!"</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-v">Deno</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">serve</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-k">async</span> <span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">request</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-s1">info</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-c1">=></span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-k">const</span> <span class="pl-s1">res</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-k">await</span> <span class="pl-s1">app</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">handle</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">request</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-s1">info</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">remoteAddr</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-s1">res</span> <span class="pl-c1">??</span> <span class="pl-v">Response</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">error</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">An instance of application has some properties as well:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>contextState</code> - Determines the method used to create state for a new context. A value of <code>"clone"</code> will set the state as a clone of the app state. A value of <code>"prototype"</code> means the app's state will be used as the prototype of the context's state. A value of <code>"alias"</code> means that the application's state and the context's state will be a reference to the same object. A value of <code>"empty"</code> will initialize the context's state with an empty object.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>.jsonBodyReplacer</code> - An optional replacer function which will be applied to JSON bodies when forming a response.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>.jsonBodyReviver</code> - An optional reviver function which will be applied when reading JSON bodies in a request.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>.keys</code></p> <p dir="auto">Keys to be used when signing and verifying cookies. The value can be set to an array of keys, and instance of <code>KeyStack</code>, or an object which provides the same interface as <code>KeyStack</code> (e.g. an instance of <a href="https://github.com/crypto-utils/keygrip">keygrip</a>). If just the keys are passed, oak will manage the keys via <code>KeyStack</code> which allows easy key rotation without requiring re-signing of data values.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>.proxy</code></p> <p dir="auto">This defaults to <code>false</code>, but can be set via the <code>Application</code> constructor options. This is intended to indicate the application is behind a proxy and will use <code>X-Forwarded-Proto</code>, <code>X-Forwarded-Host</code>, and <code>X-Forwarded-For</code> when processing the request, which should provide more accurate information about the request.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>.state</code></p> <p dir="auto">A record of application state, which can be strongly typed by specifying a generic argument when constructing an <code>Application()</code>, or inferred by passing a state object (e.g. <code>Application({ state })</code>).</p> </li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Context</h3><a id="user-content-context" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Context" href="#context"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The context passed to middleware has several properties:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>.app</code></p> <p dir="auto">A reference to the <code>Application</code> that is invoking this middleware.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>.cookies</code></p> <p dir="auto">The <code>Cookies</code> instance for this context which allows you to read and set cookies.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>.request</code></p> <p dir="auto">The <code>Request</code> object which contains details about the request.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>.respond</code></p> <p dir="auto">Determines if when middleware finishes processing, the application should send the <code>.response</code> to the client. If <code>true</code> the response will be sent, and if <code>false</code> the response will not be sent. The default is <code>true</code> but certain methods, like <code>.upgrade()</code> and <code>.sendEvents()</code> will set this to <code>false</code>.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>.response</code></p> <p dir="auto">The <code>Response</code> object which will be used to form the response sent back to the requestor.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>.socket</code></p> <p dir="auto">This will be <code>undefined</code> if the connection has not been upgraded to a web socket. If the connection has been upgraded, the <code>.socket</code> interface will be set.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>.state</code></p> <p dir="auto">A record of application state, which can be strongly typed by specifying a generic argument when constructing an <code>Application()</code>, or inferred by passing a state object (e.g. <code>Application({ state })</code>).</p> </li> </ul> <p dir="auto">The context passed to middleware has some methods:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>.assert()</code></p> <p dir="auto">Makes an assertion, which if not true, throws an <code>HTTPError</code>, which subclass is identified by the second argument, with the message being the third argument.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>.send()</code></p> <p dir="auto">Stream a file to the requesting client. See <a href="#static-content">Static content</a> below for more information.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>.sendEvents()</code></p> <p dir="auto">Convert the current connection into a server-sent event response and return a <code>ServerSentEventTarget</code> where messages and events can be streamed to the client. This will set <code>.respond</code> to <code>false</code>.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>.throw()</code></p> <p dir="auto">Throws an <code>HTTPError</code>, which subclass is identified by the first argument, with the message being passed as the second.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>.upgrade()</code></p> <p dir="auto">Attempt to upgrade the connection to a web socket connection, and return a <code>WebSocket</code> interface. Previous version of oak, this would be a <code>Promise</code> resolving with a <code>std/ws</code> web socket.</p> </li> </ul> <p dir="auto">Unlike other middleware frameworks, <code>context</code> does not have a significant amount of aliases. The information about the request is only located in <code>.request</code> and the information about the response is only located in <code>.response</code>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Cookies</h4><a id="user-content-cookies" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Cookies" href="#cookies"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The <code>context.cookies</code> allows access to the values of cookies in the request, and allows cookies to be set in the response. It automatically secures cookies if the <code>.keys</code> property is set on the application. Because <code>.cookies</code> uses the web crypto APIs to sign and validate cookies, and those APIs work in an asynchronous way, the cookie APIs work in an asynchronous way. It has several methods:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>.get(key: string, options?: CookieGetOptions): Promise<string | undefined></code></p> <p dir="auto">Attempts to retrieve the cookie out of the request and returns the value of the cookie based on the key. If the applications <code>.keys</code> is set, then the cookie will be verified against a signed version of the cookie. If the cookie is valid, the promise will resolve with the value. If it is invalid, the cookie signature will be set to deleted on the response. If the cookie was not signed by the current key, it will be resigned and added to the response.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>.set(key: string, value: string, options?: CookieSetDeleteOptions): Promise<void></code></p> <p dir="auto">Will set a cookie in the response based on the provided key, value and any options. If the applications <code>.keys</code> is set, then the cookie will be signed and the signature added to the response. As the keys are signed asynchronously, awaiting the <code>.set()</code> method is advised.</p> </li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Request</h4><a id="user-content-request" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Request" href="#request"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The <code>context.request</code> contains information about the request. It contains several properties:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>.body</code></p> <p dir="auto">An object which provides access to the body of the request. See below for details about the request body API.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>.hasBody</code></p> <p dir="auto">Set to <code>true</code> if the request might have a body, or <code>false</code> if it does not. It does not validate if the body is supported by the built in body parser though.</p> <blockquote> <p dir="auto">[!WARNING] This is an unreliable API. In HTTP/2 in many situations you cannot determine if a request has a body or not unless you attempt to read the body, due to the streaming nature of HTTP/2. As of Deno 1.16.1, for HTTP/1.1, Deno also reflects that behavior. The only reliable way to determine if a request has a body or not is to attempt to read the body.</p> </blockquote> <p dir="auto">It is best to determine if a body might be meaningful to you with a given method, and then attempt to read and process the body if it is meaningful in a given context. For example <code>GET</code> and <code>HEAD</code> should never have a body, but methods like <code>DELETE</code> and <code>OPTIONS</code> <em>might</em> have a body and should be have their body conditionally processed if it is meaningful to your application.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>.headers</code></p> <p dir="auto">The headers for the request, an instance of <code>Headers</code>.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>.method</code></p> <p dir="auto">A string that represents the HTTP method for the request.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>.originalRequest</code></p> <p dir="auto"><strong>DEPRECATED</strong> this will be removed in a future release of oak.</p> <p dir="auto">The "raw" <code>NativeServer</code> request, which is an abstraction over the DOM <code>Request</code> object. <code>.originalRequest.request</code> is the DOM <code>Request</code> instance that is being processed. Users should generally avoid using these.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>.secure</code></p> <p dir="auto">A shortcut for <code>.protocol</code>, returning <code>true</code> if HTTPS otherwise <code>false</code>.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>.source</code></p> <p dir="auto">When running under Deno, <code>.source</code> will be set to the source web standard <code>Request</code>. When running under NodeJS, this will be <code>undefined</code>.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>.url</code></p> <p dir="auto">An instance of <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/URL" rel="nofollow"><code>URL</code></a> which is based on the full URL for the request. This is in place of having parts of the URL exposed on the rest of the request object.</p> </li> </ul> <p dir="auto">And several methods:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>.accepts(...types: string[])</code></p> <p dir="auto">Negotiates the content type supported by the request for the response. If no content types are passed, the method returns a prioritized array of accepted content types. If content types are passed, the best negotiated content type is returned. If no content type match <code>undefined</code> is returned.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>.acceptsEncodings(...encodings: string[])</code></p> <p dir="auto">Negotiates the content encoding supported by the request for the response. If no encodings are passed, the method returns a prioritized array of accepted encodings. If encodings are passed, the best negotiated encoding is returned. If no encodings match <code>undefined</code> is returned.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>.acceptsLanguages(...languages: string[])</code></p> <p dir="auto">Negotiates the language the client is able to understand. Where a locale variant takes preference. If no encodings are passed, the method returns a prioritized array of understood languages. If languages are passed, the best negotiated language is returned. If no languages match <code>undefined</code> is returned.</p> </li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h5 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Request Body</h5><a id="user-content-request-body" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Request Body" href="#request-body"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="markdown-alert markdown-alert-important" dir="auto"><p class="markdown-alert-title" dir="auto"><svg class="octicon octicon-report mr-2" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M0 1.75C0 .784.784 0 1.75 0h12.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 13H8.06l-2.573 2.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 3 14.543V13H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 11.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v9.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.19l2.72-2.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .53-.22h6.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-9.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Zm7 2.25v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 9a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z"></path></svg>Important</p><p dir="auto">This API changed significantly in oak v13 and later. The previous API had grown organically since oak was created in 2018 and didn't represent any other common API. The API introduced in v13 aligns better to the Fetch API's <code>Request</code> way of dealing with the body, and should be more familiar to developers coming to oak for the first time.</p> </div> <p dir="auto">The API for the oak request <code>.body</code> is inspired by the Fetch API's <code>Request</code> but with some add functionality. The context's <code>request.body</code> is an instance of an object which provides several properties:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>.has</code></p> <p dir="auto">Set to <code>true</code> if the request might have a body, or <code>false</code> if it does not. It does not validate if the body is supported by the built in body parser though.</p> <blockquote> <p dir="auto">[!IMPORTANT] This is an unreliable API. In HTTP/2 in many situations you cannot determine if a request has a body or not unless you attempt to read the body, due to the streaming nature of HTTP/2. As of Deno 1.16.1, for HTTP/1.1, Deno also reflects that behavior. The only reliable way to determine if a request has a body or not is to attempt to read the body.</p> </blockquote> <p dir="auto">It is best to determine if a body might be meaningful to you with a given method, and then attempt to read and process the body if it is meaningful in a given context. For example <code>GET</code> and <code>HEAD</code> should never have a body, but methods like <code>DELETE</code> and <code>OPTIONS</code> <em>might</em> have a body and should be have their body conditionally processed if it is meaningful to your application.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>.stream</code></p> <p dir="auto">A <code>ReadableStream<Uint8Array></code> that will allow reading of the body in <code>Uint8Array</code> chunks. This is akin the <code>.body</code> property in a Fetch API <code>Request</code>.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>.used</code></p> <p dir="auto">Set to <code>true</code> if the body has been used, otherwise set to <code>false</code>.</p> </li> </ul> <p dir="auto">It also has several methods:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>arrayBuffer()</code></p> <p dir="auto">Resolves with an <code>ArrayBuffer</code> that contains the contents of the body, if any. Suitable for reading/handling binary data.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>blob()</code></p> <p dir="auto">Resolves with a <code>Blob</code> that contains the contents of the body. Suitable for reading/handling binary data.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>form()</code></p> <p dir="auto">Resolves with a <code>URLSearchParams</code> which has been decoded from the contents of a body. This is appropriate for a body with a content type of <code>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</code>.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>formData()</code></p> <p dir="auto">Resolves with a <code>FormData</code> instance which has been decoded from the contents of a body. This is appropriate for a body with a content type of <code>multipart/form-data</code>.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>json()</code></p> <p dir="auto">Resolves with the data from the body parsed as JSON. If a <code>jsonBodyReviver</code> has been specified in the application, it will be used when parsing the JSON.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>text()</code></p> <p dir="auto">Resolves with a string that represents the contents of the body.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>type()</code></p> <p dir="auto">Attempts to provide guidance of how the body is encoded which can be used to determine what method to use to decode the body. The method returns a string that represents the interpreted body type:</p> <markdown-accessiblity-table><table> <thead> <tr> <th>Value</th> <th>Description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code>"binary"</code></td> <td>The body has a content type that indicates binary data and the <code>.arrayBuffer()</code>, <code>.blob()</code> or <code>.stream</code> should be used to read the body.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>"form"</code></td> <td>The body is encoded as form data and <code>.form()</code> should be used to read the body.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>"form-data"</code></td> <td>The body is encoded as a multi-part form and <code>.formData()</code> should be used to read the body.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>"json"</code></td> <td>The body is encoded as JSON data and <code>.json()</code> should be used to read the body.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>"text"</code></td> <td>The body is encoded as text and <code>.text()</code> should be used to read the body.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>"unknown"</code></td> <td>Either there is no body or it was not possible to determine the body type based on the content type.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></markdown-accessiblity-table> <p dir="auto">The <code>.type()</code> method also takes an optional argument of custom media types that will be used when attempting to determine the type of the body. These are then incorporated into the default media types. The value is an object where the key is one of <code>binary</code>, <code>form</code>, <code>form-data</code>, <code>json</code>, or <code>text</code> and the value is the appropriate media type in a format compatible with the <a href="https://github.com/jshttp/type-is/?tab=readme-ov-file#typeisrequest-types">type-is format</a>.</p> </li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Response</h4><a id="user-content-response" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Response" href="#response"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The <code>context.response</code> contains information about the response which will be sent back to the requestor. It contains several properties:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>.body</code></p> <p dir="auto">The body of the response, which can often be handled by the automatic response body handling documented below.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>.headers</code></p> <p dir="auto">A <code>Headers</code> instance which contains the headers for the response.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>.status</code></p> <p dir="auto">An HTTP <code>Status</code> code that will be sent back with the response. If this is not set before responding, oak will default to <code>200 OK</code> if there is a <code>.body</code>, otherwise <code>404 Not Found</code>.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>.type</code></p> <p dir="auto">A media type or extension to set the <code>Content-Type</code> header for the response. For example, you can provide <code>txt</code> or <code>text/plain</code> to describe the body.</p> </li> </ul> <p dir="auto">And several methods:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>.redirect(url?: string | URL | REDIRECT_BACK, alt?: string | URL)</code></p> <p dir="auto">A method to simplify redirecting the response to another URL. It will set the <code>Location</code> header to the supplied <code>url</code> and the status to <code>302 Found</code> (unless the status is already a <code>3XX</code> status). The use of symbol <code>REDIRECT_BACK</code> as the <code>url</code> indicates that the <code>Referer</code> header in the request should be used as the direction, with the <code>alt</code> being the alternative location if the <code>Referer</code> is not set. If neither the <code>alt</code> nor the <code>Referer</code> are set, the redirect will occur to <code>/</code>. A basic HTML (if the requestor supports it) or a text body will be set explaining they are being redirected.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>.toDomResponse()</code></p> <p dir="auto">This converts the information oak understands about the response to the Fetch API <code>Response</code>. This will finalize the response, resulting in any further attempt to modify the response to throw. This is intended to be used internally within oak to be able to respond to requests.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><code>.with(response: Response)</code> and <code>.with(body?: BodyInit, init?: ResponseInit)</code></p> <p dir="auto">This sets the response to a web standard <code>Response</code>. Note that this will ignore/override any other information set on the response by other middleware including things like headers or cookies to be set.</p> </li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Automatic response body handling</h3><a id="user-content-automatic-response-body-handling" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Automatic response body handling" href="#automatic-response-body-handling"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">When the response <code>Content-Type</code> is not set in the headers of the <code>.response</code>, oak will automatically try to determine the appropriate <code>Content-Type</code>. First it will look at <code>.response.type</code>. If assigned, it will try to resolve the appropriate media type based on treating the value of <code>.type</code> as either the media type, or resolving the media type based on an extension. For example if <code>.type</code> was set to <code>"html"</code>, then the <code>Content-Type</code> will be set to <code>"text/html"</code>.</p> <p dir="auto">If <code>.type</code> is not set with a value, then oak will inspect the value of <code>.response.body</code>. If the value is a <code>string</code>, then oak will check to see if the string looks like HTML, if so, <code>Content-Type</code> will be set to <code>text/html</code> otherwise it will be set to <code>text/plain</code>. If the value is an object, other than a <code>Uint8Array</code>, a <code>Deno.Reader</code>, or <code>null</code>, the object will be passed to <code>JSON.stringify()</code> and the <code>Content-Type</code> will be set to <code>application/json</code>.</p> <p dir="auto">If the type of body is a number, bigint or symbol, it will be coerced to a string and treated as text.</p> <p dir="auto">If the value of body is a function, the function will be called with no arguments. If the return value of the function is promise like, that will be await, and the resolved value will be processed as above. If the value is not promise like, it will be processed as above.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Opening the server</h3><a id="user-content-opening-the-server" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Opening the server" href="#opening-the-server"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The application method <code>.listen()</code> is used to open the server, start listening for requests, and processing the registered middleware for each request. This method returns a promise when the server closes.</p> <p dir="auto">Once the server is open, before it starts processing requests, the application will fire a <code>"listen"</code> event, which can be listened for via the <code>.addEventListener()</code> method. For example:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-ts notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="import { Application } from "jsr:@oak/oak/application"; const app = new Application(); app.addEventListener("listen", ({ hostname, port, secure }) => { console.log( `Listening on: ${secure ? "https://" : "http://"}${ hostname ?? "localhost" }:${port}`, ); }); // register some middleware await app.listen({ port: 80 });"><pre><span class="pl-k">import</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-v">Application</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-k">from</span> <span class="pl-s">"jsr:@oak/oak/application"</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">const</span> <span class="pl-s1">app</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-k">new</span> <span class="pl-v">Application</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-s1">app</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">addEventListener</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s">"listen"</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">{</span> hostname<span class="pl-kos">,</span> port<span class="pl-kos">,</span> secure <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-c1">=></span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-smi">console</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">log</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span> <span class="pl-s">`Listening on: <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-kos">${</span><span class="pl-s1">secure</span> ? <span class="pl-s">"https://"</span> : <span class="pl-s">"http://"</span><span class="pl-kos">}</span></span><span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-kos">${</span></span></span> <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-s1"> <span class="pl-s1">hostname</span> <span class="pl-c1">??</span> <span class="pl-s">"localhost"</span></span></span> <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-s1"> <span class="pl-kos">}</span></span>:<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-kos">${</span><span class="pl-s1">port</span><span class="pl-kos">}</span></span>`</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-c">// register some middleware</span> <span class="pl-k">await</span> <span class="pl-s1">app</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">listen</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-c1">port</span>: <span class="pl-c1">80</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Closing the server</h3><a id="user-content-closing-the-server" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Closing the server" href="#closing-the-server"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">If you want to close the application, the application supports the option of an <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/AbortSignal" rel="nofollow">abort signal</a>. Here is an example of using the signal:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-ts notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="import { Application } from "jsr:@oak/oak/application"; const app = new Application(); const controller = new AbortController(); const { signal } = controller; // Add some middleware using `app.use()` const listenPromise = app.listen({ port: 8000, signal }); // In order to close the server... controller.abort(); // Listen will stop listening for requests and the promise will resolve... await listenPromise; // and you can do something after the close to shutdown"><pre><span class="pl-k">import</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-v">Application</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-k">from</span> <span class="pl-s">"jsr:@oak/oak/application"</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">const</span> <span class="pl-s1">app</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-k">new</span> <span class="pl-v">Application</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">const</span> <span class="pl-s1">controller</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-k">new</span> <span class="pl-v">AbortController</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">const</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> signal <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-s1">controller</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-c">// Add some middleware using `app.use()`</span> <span class="pl-k">const</span> <span class="pl-s1">listenPromise</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-s1">app</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">listen</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-c1">port</span>: <span class="pl-c1">8000</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> signal <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-c">// In order to close the server...</span> <span class="pl-s1">controller</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">abort</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-c">// Listen will stop listening for requests and the promise will resolve...</span> <span class="pl-k">await</span> <span class="pl-s1">listenPromise</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-c">// and you can do something after the close to shutdown</span></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Error handling</h3><a id="user-content-error-handling" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Error handling" href="#error-handling"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Middleware can be used to handle other errors with middleware. Awaiting other middleware to execute while trapping errors works. So if you had an error handling middleware that provides a well managed response to errors would work like this:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-ts notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="import { Application } from "jsr:@oak/oak/application"; import { isHttpError } from "jsr:@oak/commons/http_errors"; import { Status } from "jsr:@oak/commons/status"; const app = new Application(); app.use(async (ctx, next) => { try { await next(); } catch (err) { if (isHttpError(err)) { switch (err.status) { case Status.NotFound: // handle NotFound break; default: // handle other statuses } } else { // rethrow if you can't handle the error throw err; } } });"><pre><span class="pl-k">import</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-v">Application</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-k">from</span> <span class="pl-s">"jsr:@oak/oak/application"</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">import</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-s1">isHttpError</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-k">from</span> <span class="pl-s">"jsr:@oak/commons/http_errors"</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">import</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-v">Status</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-k">from</span> <span class="pl-s">"jsr:@oak/commons/status"</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">const</span> <span class="pl-s1">app</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-k">new</span> <span class="pl-v">Application</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-s1">app</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">use</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-k">async</span> <span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">ctx</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-s1">next</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-c1">=></span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-k">try</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-k">await</span> <span class="pl-en">next</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-k">catch</span> <span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">err</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-k">if</span> <span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-en">isHttpError</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">err</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-k">switch</span> <span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">err</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">status</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-k">case</span> <span class="pl-v">Status</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">NotFound</span>: <span class="pl-c">// handle NotFound</span> <span class="pl-k">break</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">default</span>: <span class="pl-c">// handle other statuses</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-k">else</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-c">// rethrow if you can't handle the error</span> <span class="pl-k">throw</span> <span class="pl-s1">err</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">Uncaught middleware exceptions will be caught by the application. <code>Application</code> extends the global <code>EventTarget</code> in Deno, and when uncaught errors occur in the middleware or sending of responses, an <code>EventError</code> will be dispatched to the application. To listen for these errors, you would add an event handler to the application instance:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-ts notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="import { Application } from "jsr:@oak/oak/application"; const app = new Application(); app.addEventListener("error", (evt) => { // Will log the thrown error to the console. console.log(evt.error); }); app.use((ctx) => { // Will throw a 500 on every request. ctx.throw(500); }); await app.listen({ port: 80 });"><pre><span class="pl-k">import</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-v">Application</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-k">from</span> <span class="pl-s">"jsr:@oak/oak/application"</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">const</span> <span class="pl-s1">app</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-k">new</span> <span class="pl-v">Application</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-s1">app</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">addEventListener</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s">"error"</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">evt</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-c1">=></span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-c">// Will log the thrown error to the console.</span> <span class="pl-smi">console</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">log</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">evt</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">error</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-s1">app</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">use</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">ctx</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-c1">=></span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-c">// Will throw a 500 on every request.</span> <span class="pl-s1">ctx</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">throw</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-c1">500</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">await</span> <span class="pl-s1">app</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">listen</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-c1">port</span>: <span class="pl-c1">80</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Router</h2><a id="user-content-router" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Router" href="#router"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The <code>Router</code> class produces middleware which can be used with an <code>Application</code> to enable routing based on the pathname of the request.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Basic usage</h3><a id="user-content-basic-usage" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Basic usage" href="#basic-usage"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The following example serves up a <em>RESTful</em> service of a map of books, where <code>http://localhost:8000/book/</code> will return an array of books and <code>http://localhost:8000/book/1</code> would return the book with ID <code>"1"</code>:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-ts notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="import { Application } from "jsr:@oak/oak/application"; import { Router } from "jsr:@oak/oak/router"; const books = new Map<string, any>(); books.set("1", { id: "1", title: "The Hound of the Baskervilles", author: "Conan Doyle, Arthur", }); const router = new Router(); router .get("/", (context) => { context.response.body = "Hello world!"; }) .get("/book", (context) => { context.response.body = Array.from(books.values()); }) .get("/book/:id", (context) => { if (books.has(context?.params?.id)) { context.response.body = books.get(context.params.id); } }); const app = new Application(); app.use(router.routes()); app.use(router.allowedMethods()); await app.listen({ port: 8000 });"><pre><span class="pl-k">import</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-v">Application</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-k">from</span> <span class="pl-s">"jsr:@oak/oak/application"</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">import</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-v">Router</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-k">from</span> <span class="pl-s">"jsr:@oak/oak/router"</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">const</span> <span class="pl-s1">books</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-k">new</span> <span class="pl-v">Map</span><span class="pl-c1"><</span><span class="pl-smi">string</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-smi">any</span><span class="pl-c1">></span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-s1">books</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">set</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s">"1"</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-c1">id</span>: <span class="pl-s">"1"</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c1">title</span>: <span class="pl-s">"The Hound of the Baskervilles"</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c1">author</span>: <span class="pl-s">"Conan Doyle, Arthur"</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">const</span> <span class="pl-s1">router</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-k">new</span> <span class="pl-v">Router</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-s1">router</span> <span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">get</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s">"/"</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">context</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-c1">=></span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-s1">context</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">response</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">body</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-s">"Hello world!"</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">get</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s">"/book"</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">context</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-c1">=></span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-s1">context</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">response</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">body</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-v">Array</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">from</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">books</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">values</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">get</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s">"/book/:id"</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">context</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-c1">=></span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-k">if</span> <span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">books</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">has</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">context</span><span class="pl-kos">?.</span><span class="pl-c1">params</span><span class="pl-kos">?.</span><span class="pl-c1">id</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-s1">context</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">response</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">body</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-s1">books</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">get</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">context</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">params</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">id</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">const</span> <span class="pl-s1">app</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-k">new</span> <span class="pl-v">Application</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-s1">app</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">use</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">router</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">routes</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-s1">app</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">use</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">router</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">allowedMethods</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">await</span> <span class="pl-s1">app</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">listen</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-c1">port</span>: <span class="pl-c1">8000</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">A route passed is converted to a regular expression using <a href="https://github.com/pillarjs/path-to-regexp">path-to-regexp</a>, which means parameters expressed in the pattern will be converted. <code>path-to-regexp</code> has advanced usage which can create complex patterns which can be used for matching. Check out the <a href="https://github.com/pillarjs/path-to-regexp#parameters">documentation for that library</a> if you have advanced use cases.</p> <p dir="auto">In most cases, the type of <code>context.params</code> is automatically inferred from the path template string through typescript magic. In more complex scenarios this might not yield the correct result however. In that case you can override the type with <code>router.get<RouteParams></code>, where <code>RouteParams</code> is the explicit type for <code>context.params</code>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Nested routers</h3><a id="user-content-nested-routers" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Nested routers" href="#nested-routers"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Nesting routers is supported. The following example responds to <code>http://localhost:8000/forums/oak/posts</code> and <code>http://localhost:8000/forums/oak/posts/nested-routers</code>.</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-ts notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="import { Application } from "jsr:@oak/oak/application"; import { Router } from "jsr:@oak/oak/router"; const posts = new Router() .get("/", (ctx) => { ctx.response.body = `Forum: ${ctx.params.forumId}`; }) .get("/:postId", (ctx) => { ctx.response.body = `Forum: ${ctx.params.forumId}, Post: ${ctx.params.postId}`; }); const forums = new Router().use( "/forums/:forumId/posts", posts.routes(), posts.allowedMethods(), ); await new Application().use(forums.routes()).listen({ port: 8000 });"><pre><span class="pl-k">import</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-v">Application</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-k">from</span> <span class="pl-s">"jsr:@oak/oak/application"</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">import</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-v">Router</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-k">from</span> <span class="pl-s">"jsr:@oak/oak/router"</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">const</span> <span class="pl-s1">posts</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-k">new</span> <span class="pl-v">Router</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">get</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s">"/"</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">ctx</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-c1">=></span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-s1">ctx</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">response</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">body</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-s">`Forum: <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-kos">${</span><span class="pl-s1">ctx</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">params</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">forumId</span><span class="pl-kos">}</span></span>`</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">get</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s">"/:postId"</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">ctx</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-c1">=></span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-s1">ctx</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">response</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">body</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-s">`Forum: <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-kos">${</span><span class="pl-s1">ctx</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">params</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">forumId</span><span class="pl-kos">}</span></span>, Post: <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-kos">${</span><span class="pl-s1">ctx</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">params</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">postId</span><span class="pl-kos">}</span></span>`</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">const</span> <span class="pl-s1">forums</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-k">new</span> <span class="pl-v">Router</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">use</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span> <span class="pl-s">"/forums/:forumId/posts"</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-s1">posts</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">routes</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-s1">posts</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">allowedMethods</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">await</span> <span class="pl-k">new</span> <span class="pl-v">Application</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">use</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">forums</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">routes</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">listen</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-c1">port</span>: <span class="pl-c1">8000</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Static content</h2><a id="user-content-static-content" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Static content" href="#static-content"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The function <code>send()</code> is designed to serve static content as part of a middleware function. In the most straight forward usage, a root is provided and requests provided to the function are fulfilled with files from the local file system relative to the root from the requested path.</p> <p dir="auto">A basic usage would look something like this:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-ts notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="import { Application } from "jsr:@oak/oak/application"; const app = new Application(); app.use(async (context, next) => { try { await context.send({ root: `${Deno.cwd()}/examples/static`, index: "index.html", }); } catch { await next(); } }); await app.listen({ port: 8000 });"><pre><span class="pl-k">import</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-v">Application</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-k">from</span> <span class="pl-s">"jsr:@oak/oak/application"</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">const</span> <span class="pl-s1">app</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-k">new</span> <span class="pl-v">Application</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-s1">app</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">use</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-k">async</span> <span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">context</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-s1">next</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-c1">=></span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-k">try</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-k">await</span> <span class="pl-s1">context</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">send</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-c1">root</span>: <span class="pl-s">`<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-kos">${</span><span class="pl-v">Deno</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">cwd</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">}</span></span>/examples/static`</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c1">index</span>: <span class="pl-s">"index.html"</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-k">catch</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-k">await</span> <span class="pl-en">next</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">await</span> <span class="pl-s1">app</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">listen</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-c1">port</span>: <span class="pl-c1">8000</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto"><code>send()</code> automatically supports features like providing <code>ETag</code> and <code>Last-Modified</code> headers in the response as well as processing <code>If-None-Match</code> and <code>If-Modified-Since</code> headers in the request. This means when serving up static content, clients will be able to rely upon their cached versions of assets instead of re-downloading them.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">ETag support</h3><a id="user-content-etag-support" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: ETag support" href="#etag-support"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The <code>send()</code> method automatically supports generating an <code>ETag</code> header for static assets. The header allows the client to determine if it needs to re-download an asset or not, but it can be useful to calculate <code>ETag</code>s for other scenarios.</p> <p dir="auto">There is a middleware function that assesses the <code>context.reponse.body</code> and determines if it can create an <code>ETag</code> header for that body type, and if so sets the <code>ETag</code> header on the response. Basic usage would look something like this:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-ts notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="import { Application } from "jsr:@oak/oak/application"; import { factory } from "jsr:@oak/oak/etag"; const app = new Application(); app.use(factory()); // ... other middleware for the application"><pre><span class="pl-k">import</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-v">Application</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-k">from</span> <span class="pl-s">"jsr:@oak/oak/application"</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">import</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-s1">factory</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-k">from</span> <span class="pl-s">"jsr:@oak/oak/etag"</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">const</span> <span class="pl-s1">app</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-k">new</span> <span class="pl-v">Application</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-s1">app</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">use</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-en">factory</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-c">// ... other middleware for the application</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">There is also a function which retrieves an entity for a given context based on what it logical to read into memory which can be passed to the etag calculate that is part of the Deno std library:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-ts notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="import { Application } from "jsr:@oak/oak/application"; import { getEntity } from "jsr:@oak/oak/etag"; import { calculate } from "jsr:@std/http/etag"; const app = new Application(); // The context.response.body has already been set... app.use(async (ctx) => { const entity = await getEntity(ctx); if (entity) { const etag = await calculate(entity); } });"><pre><span class="pl-k">import</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-v">Application</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-k">from</span> <span class="pl-s">"jsr:@oak/oak/application"</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">import</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-s1">getEntity</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-k">from</span> <span class="pl-s">"jsr:@oak/oak/etag"</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">import</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-s1">calculate</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-k">from</span> <span class="pl-s">"jsr:@std/http/etag"</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">const</span> <span class="pl-s1">app</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-k">new</span> <span class="pl-v">Application</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-c">// The context.response.body has already been set...</span> <span class="pl-s1">app</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">use</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-k">async</span> <span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">ctx</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-c1">=></span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-k">const</span> <span class="pl-s1">entity</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-k">await</span> <span class="pl-en">getEntity</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">ctx</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">if</span> <span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">entity</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-k">const</span> <span class="pl-s1">etag</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-k">await</span> <span class="pl-en">calculate</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">entity</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Fetch API and <code>Deno.serve()</code> migration</h2><a id="user-content-fetch-api-and-denoserve-migration" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Fetch API and Deno.serve() migration" href="#fetch-api-and-denoserve-migration"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">If you are migrating from <code>Deno.serve()</code> or adapting code that is designed for the web standard Fetch API <code>Request</code> and <code>Response</code>, there are a couple features of oak to assist.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>ctx.request.source</code></h3><a id="user-content-ctxrequestsource" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: ctx.request.source" href="#ctxrequestsource"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">When running under Deno, this will be set to a Fetch API <code>Request</code>, giving direct access to the original request.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>ctx.response.with()</code></h3><a id="user-content-ctxresponsewith" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: ctx.response.with()" href="#ctxresponsewith"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">This method will accept a Fetch API <code>Response</code> or create a new response based on the provided <code>BodyInit</code> and <code>ResponseInit</code>. This will also finalize the response and ignores anything that may have been set on the oak <code>.response</code>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>middleware/serve#serve()</code> and <code>middelware/serve#route()</code></h3><a id="user-content-middlewareserveserve-and-middelwareserveroute" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: middleware/serve#serve() and middelware/serve#route()" href="#middlewareserveserve-and-middelwareserveroute"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">These two middleware generators can be used to adapt code that operates more like the <code>Deno.serve()</code> in that it provides a Fetch API <code>Request</code> and expects the handler to resolve with a Fetch API <code>Response</code>.</p> <p dir="auto">An example of using <code>serve()</code> with <code>Application.prototype.use()</code>:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-ts notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="import { Application } from "jsr:@oak/oak/application"; import { serve } from "jsr:@oak/oak/serve"; const app = new Application(); app.use(serve((req, ctx) => { console.log(req.url); return new Response("Hello world!"); })); app.listen();"><pre><span class="pl-k">import</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-v">Application</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-k">from</span> <span class="pl-s">"jsr:@oak/oak/application"</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">import</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-s1">serve</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-k">from</span> <span class="pl-s">"jsr:@oak/oak/serve"</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">const</span> <span class="pl-s1">app</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-k">new</span> <span class="pl-v">Application</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-s1">app</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">use</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-en">serve</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">req</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-s1">ctx</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-c1">=></span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-smi">console</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">log</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">req</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">url</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-k">new</span> <span class="pl-v">Response</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s">"Hello world!"</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-s1">app</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">listen</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">And a similar solution works with <code>route()</code> where the context contains the information about the router, like the params:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-ts notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="import { Application } from "jsr:@oak/oak/application"; import { Router } from "jsr:@oak/oak/router"; import { route } from "jsr:@oak/oak/serve"; const app = new Application; const router = new Router(); router.get("/books/:id", route((req, ctx) => { console.log(ctx.params.id); return Response.json({ title: "hello world", id: ctx.params.id }); })); app.use(router.routes()); app.listen();"><pre><span class="pl-k">import</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-v">Application</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-k">from</span> <span class="pl-s">"jsr:@oak/oak/application"</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">import</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-v">Router</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-k">from</span> <span class="pl-s">"jsr:@oak/oak/router"</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">import</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-s1">route</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-k">from</span> <span class="pl-s">"jsr:@oak/oak/serve"</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">const</span> <span class="pl-s1">app</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-k">new</span> <span class="pl-v">Application</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">const</span> <span class="pl-s1">router</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-k">new</span> <span class="pl-v">Router</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-s1">router</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">get</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s">"/books/:id"</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-en">route</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">req</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-s1">ctx</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-c1">=></span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-smi">console</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">log</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">ctx</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">params</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">id</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-v">Response</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">json</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-c1">title</span>: <span class="pl-s">"hello world"</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c1">id</span>: <span class="pl-s1">ctx</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">params</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">id</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-s1">app</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">use</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">router</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">routes</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-s1">app</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">listen</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Testing</h2><a id="user-content-testing" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Testing" href="#testing"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The <code>mod.ts</code> exports an object named <code>testing</code> which contains some utilities for testing oak middleware you might create. See the <a href="https://oakserver.github.io/oak/testing" rel="nofollow">Testing with oak</a> for more information.</p> <hr> <p dir="auto">There are several modules that are directly adapted from other modules. They have preserved their individual licenses and copyrights. All of the modules, including those directly adapted are licensed under the MIT License.</p> <p dir="auto">All additional work is copyright 2018 - 2025 the oak authors. All rights reserved.</p> </article></div></div></div></div></div> <!-- --> <!-- --> <script type="application/json" id="__PRIMER_DATA_:R0:__">{"resolvedServerColorMode":"day"}</script></div> </react-partial> <input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" value="E+Kse1nEyT4eQAxdy/L40WeicrRmuHU3EhZytdJDCQduILeF1lUM3q8QK2MOybG89pB4O1WORHm2Y5WEoE5cFg==" /> </div> <div data-view-component="true" class="Layout-sidebar"> <div class="BorderGrid about-margin" data-pjax> <div class="BorderGrid-row"> <div class="BorderGrid-cell"> <div class="hide-sm hide-md"> <h2 class="mb-3 h4">About</h2> <p class="f4 my-3"> A middleware framework for handling HTTP with Deno, Node, Bun and Cloudflare Workers 🐿️ 🦕 </p> <div class="my-3 d-flex flex-items-center"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link flex-shrink-0 mr-2"> <path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 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dialog" data-close-dialog> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path> </svg> </button> <div class="octocat-spinner my-6 js-details-dialog-spinner"></div> </details-dialog> </details> </template> <div class="Popover js-hovercard-content position-absolute" style="display: none; outline: none;"> <div class="Popover-message Popover-message--bottom-left Popover-message--large Box color-shadow-large" style="width:360px;"> </div> </div> <template id="snippet-clipboard-copy-button"> <div class="zeroclipboard-container position-absolute right-0 top-0"> <clipboard-copy aria-label="Copy" class="ClipboardButton btn js-clipboard-copy m-2 p-0" data-copy-feedback="Copied!" data-tooltip-direction="w"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copy js-clipboard-copy-icon m-2"> <path d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25Z"></path><path d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 5 9.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path> </svg> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check js-clipboard-check-icon color-fg-success d-none m-2"> <path d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </clipboard-copy> </div> </template> <template id="snippet-clipboard-copy-button-unpositioned"> <div class="zeroclipboard-container"> <clipboard-copy aria-label="Copy" class="ClipboardButton btn btn-invisible js-clipboard-copy m-2 p-0 d-flex flex-justify-center flex-items-center" data-copy-feedback="Copied!" data-tooltip-direction="w"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copy js-clipboard-copy-icon"> <path d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25Z"></path><path d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 5 9.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path> </svg> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check js-clipboard-check-icon color-fg-success d-none"> <path d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </clipboard-copy> </div> </template> </div> <div id="js-global-screen-reader-notice" class="sr-only mt-n1" aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="true" ></div> <div id="js-global-screen-reader-notice-assertive" class="sr-only mt-n1" aria-live="assertive" aria-atomic="true"></div> </body> </html>