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Rehman</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Shafiq Ur Rehman"> <meta name="keywords" content="Shafiq Ur Rehman"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Shafiq Ur Rehman"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 40</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Shafiq Ur Rehman</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> Design Aesthetics of Mobile Interface</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shafiq%20ur%20Rehman">Shafiq ur Rehman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jane-Lisa%20Coughlan"> Jane-Lisa Coughlan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mobiles are considered to be the most frequently used electronic items in world after electricity. It is probably the only device that can be used by any gender with no age limits depending on its functionality. This paper present the interactive interface of Mobile and particularly aiming the use of advanced phones which are also called smart phones. With the changes in the trend where users are now moving from ordinary mobiles to the one with touch screens and facilities such as WiFi and internet browsing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=interface%20design" title="interface design">interface design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=functionality" title=" functionality"> functionality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=intelligent%20system" title=" intelligent system"> intelligent system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12340/design-aesthetics-of-mobile-interface" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12340/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12340/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12340/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12340/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12340/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12340/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12340/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12340/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12340/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12340/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12340.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">8893</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> An Efficient Mobile Payment System Based On NFC Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shafiq%20ur%20Rehman">Shafiq ur Rehman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jane%20Coughlan"> Jane Coughlan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The work we have accomplished in implementing a Mobile Payment mechanism that enables customers to pay bills for groceries and other purchased items in a store through the means of a mobile phone, specifically a Smartphone. The mode of transaction, as far as communication between the customer-s handset and the merchant-s POS is concerned, we have decided upon NFC (Near Field Communication). This is due to the fact that for the most part, Pakistani Smartphone users have handsets that have Android mobile OS, which supports the aforementioned platform, IOS, on the other hand does not. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Usability" title="Usability">Usability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mobile%20payment%20system" title=" mobile payment system"> mobile payment system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=NFC%20technology" title=" NFC technology"> NFC technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=payment%20process" title=" payment process"> payment process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=customer." title=" customer."> customer.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7277/an-efficient-mobile-payment-system-based-on-nfc-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7277/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7277/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7277/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7277/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7277/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7277/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7277/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7277/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7277/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7277/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7277.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4773</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> Building Trust of Mobile Users and their Adoption of M-Commerce</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shafiq%20Ur%20Rehman">Shafiq Ur Rehman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jane-Lisa%20Coughlan"> Jane-Lisa Coughlan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One challenging direction of mobile commerce (mcommerce) that is getting a great deal of attention globally is mobile financing. The smart-phone and PDA users all around the world are facing difficulties to become accustomed and trust in m-commerce. The main rationale can be the slow variation and lack of trust in mobile payment systems. Mobile payment systems that are in use need to be more effective and efficient. This paper proposes: the interface design is not the only factor affecting the m-commerce adoption and lack of trust; in fact it is the combined effect of interface usability and trustworthy mobile payment systems, because it-s the money that the user has to spend at the end of the day, which the user requires to get transferred securely. The purpose of this research is to identify the problems regarding the trust and adaption of m-commerce applications by mobile users and to provide the best possible solution with respect to human computer interaction (HCI) principles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=m-commerce" title="m-commerce">m-commerce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=usability" title=" usability"> usability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mobile%20payment%20method" title=" mobile payment method"> mobile payment method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=interface%20design." title="interface design.">interface design.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9368/building-trust-of-mobile-users-and-their-adoption-of-m-commerce" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9368/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9368/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9368/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9368/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9368/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9368/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9368/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9368/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9368/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9368/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9368.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> Universal Metadata Definition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohib%20ur%20Rehman">Mohib ur Rehman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammad%20Haseeb%20Anwer"> Mohammad Haseeb Anwer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nadeem%20Iftikhar"> Nadeem Iftikhar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The need to have standards has always been a priority of all the disciplines in the world. Today, standards such as XML and USB are trying to create a universal interface for their respective areas. The information regarding every family in the discipline addressed, must have a lot in common, known as Metadata. A lot of work has been done in specific domains such as IEEE LOM and MPEG-7 but they do not appeal to the universality of creating Metadata for all entities, where we take an entity (object) as, not restricted to Software Terms. This paper tries to address this problem of universal Metadata Definition which may lead to increase in precision of search. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Metadata" title="Metadata">Metadata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Standard" title=" Standard"> Standard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Universal" title=" Universal"> Universal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=XML." title=" XML."> XML.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5777/universal-metadata-definition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5777/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5777/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5777/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5777/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5777/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5777/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5777/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5777/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5777/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5777/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5777.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1730</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> Comparison of Security Challenges and Issues of Mobile Computing and Internet of Things</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aabiah%20Nayeem">Aabiah Nayeem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fariha%20Shafiq"> Fariha Shafiq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mustabshra%20Aftab"> Mustabshra Aftab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rabia%20Saman%20Pirzada"> Rabia Saman Pirzada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Samia%20Ghazala"> Samia Ghazala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this modern era of technology, the concept of Internet of Things is very popular in every domain. It is a widely distributed system of things in which the data collected from sensory devices is transmitted, analyzed locally/collectively then broadcasted to network where action can be taken remotely via mobile/web apps. Today’s mobile computing is also gaining importance as the services are provided during mobility. Through mobile computing, data are transmitted via computer without physically connected to a fixed point. The challenge is to provide services with high speed and security. Also, the data gathered from the mobiles must be processed in a secured way. Mobile computing is strongly influenced by internet of things. In this paper, we have discussed security issues and challenges of internet of things and mobile computing and we have compared both of them on the basis of similarities and dissimilarities.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Embedded%20computing" title="Embedded computing">Embedded computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=internet%20of%20things" title=" internet of things"> internet of things</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mobile%20computing" title=" mobile computing"> mobile computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=and%20wireless%20technologies." title=" and wireless technologies."> and wireless technologies.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009074/comparison-of-security-challenges-and-issues-of-mobile-computing-and-internet-of-things" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009074/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009074/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009074/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009074/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009074/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009074/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009074/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009074/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009074/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009074/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009074.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> Strengthening of RC Beams with Large Openings in Shear by CFRP Laminates: 2D Nonlinear FE Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.C.%20Chin">S.C. Chin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Shafiq"> N. Shafiq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.F.%20Nuruddin"> M.F. Nuruddin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To date, theoretical studies concerning the Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) strengthening of RC beams with openings have been rather limited. In addition, various numerical analyses presented so far have effectively simulated the behaviour of solid beam strengthened by FRP material. In this paper, a two dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis is presented to validate against the laboratory test results of six RC beams. All beams had the same rectangular cross-section geometry and were loaded under four point bending. The crack pattern results of the finite element model show good agreement with the crack pattern of the experimental beams. The load midspan deflection curves of the finite element models exhibited a stiffer result compared to the experimental beams. The possible reason may be due to the perfect bond assumption used between the concrete and steel reinforcement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CFRP" title="CFRP">CFRP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=large%20opening" title=" large opening"> large opening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=RC%20beam" title=" RC beam"> RC beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=strengthening" title=" strengthening"> strengthening</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5117/strengthening-of-rc-beams-with-large-openings-in-shear-by-cfrp-laminates-2d-nonlinear-fe-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5117/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5117/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5117/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5117/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5117/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5117/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5117/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5117/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5117/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5117/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5117.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1818</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Effects of used Engine Oil in Reinforced Concrete Beams: The Structural Behaviour</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.C.%20Chin">S.C. Chin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Shafiq"> N. Shafiq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.F.%20Nuruddin"> M.F. Nuruddin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the modern construction practices, industrial wastes or by-products are largely used as raw materials in cement and concrete. These impart many benefits to the environment and bringabout an economic impact because the cost of waste disposal is constantly increasing due to strict environmental regulations. It was reported in literature that the leakage of oil onto concrete element in older cement grinding unit resulted in concrete with greater resistance to freezing and thawing. This effect was thought to be similar to adding an air-entraining chemical admixture to concrete. This paper presents an investigation on the load deflection behaviour and crack patterns of reinforced concrete (RC) beams subjected to four point loading. Ten 120x260x1900 mm beams were cast with 100% ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete, 20% fly ash (FA) and 20% rice husk ash (RHA) blended cement concrete. 0.15% dosage of admixtures (used engine oil, new engine oil, and superplasticizer) was used throughout the experiment. Results show that OPC and OPC/RHA RC beams containing used engine oil and superplasticizer exhibit higher capacity, 18-26% than their corresponding control mix. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=by-products" title="by-products">by-products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=RC%20beams" title=" RC beams"> RC beams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=superplasticizer" title=" superplasticizer"> superplasticizer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=used%0Aengine%20oil" title=" used engine oil"> used engine oil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11619/effects-of-used-engine-oil-in-reinforced-concrete-beams-the-structural-behaviour" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11619/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11619/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11619/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11619/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11619/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11619/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11619/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11619/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11619/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11619/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11619.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3088</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Synthesis and Thermoelectric Behavior in Nanoparticles of Doped Co Ferrites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Anis-ur-%20Rehman">M. Anis-ur- Rehman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Abdullah"> A. Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mariam%20Ansari"> Mariam Ansari </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zeb-un-Nisa"> Zeb-un-Nisa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20S.%20Awan"> M. S. Awan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Samples of CoFe2-xCrxO4 where x varies from 0.0 to 0.5 were prepared by co-precipitation route. These samples were sintered at 750°C for 2 hours. These particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) at room temperature. The FCC spinel structure was confirmed by XRD patterns of the samples. The crystallite sizes of these particles were calculated from the most intense peak by Scherrer formula. The crystallite sizes lie in the range of 37-60 nm. The lattice parameter was found decreasing upon substitution of Cr. DC electrical resistivity was measured as a function of temperature. The room temperature thermoelectric power was measured for the prepared samples. The magnitude of Seebeck coefficient depends on the composition and resistivity of the samples.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ferrites" title="Ferrites">Ferrites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=crystallite%20size" title=" crystallite size"> crystallite size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=drift%20mobility" title=" drift mobility"> drift mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=seebeck%20coefficient" title=" seebeck coefficient"> seebeck coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thermopower." title=" thermopower."> thermopower.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4563/synthesis-and-thermoelectric-behavior-in-nanoparticles-of-doped-co-ferrites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4563/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4563/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4563/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4563/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4563/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4563/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4563/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4563/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4563/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4563/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4563.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Generic Multimedia Database Architecture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohib%20ur%20Rehman">Mohib ur Rehman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Imran%20Ihsan"> Imran Ihsan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mobin%20Uddin%20Ahmed"> Mobin Uddin Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nadeem%20Iftikhar"> Nadeem Iftikhar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Abdul%20Qadir"> Muhammad Abdul Qadir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Multimedia, as it stands now is perhaps the most diverse and rich culture around the globe. One of the major needs of Multimedia is to have a single system that enables people to efficiently search through their multimedia catalogues. Many Domain Specific Systems and architectures have been proposed but up till now no generic and complete architecture is proposed. In this paper, we have suggested a generic architecture for Multimedia Database. The main strengths of our architecture besides being generic are Semantic Libraries to reduce semantic gap, levels of feature extraction for more specific and detailed feature extraction according to classes defined by prior level, and merging of two types of queries i.e. text and QBE (Query by Example) for more accurate yet detailed results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multimedia%20Database%20Architecture" title="Multimedia Database Architecture">Multimedia Database Architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Semantics" title=" Semantics"> Semantics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Feature%20Extraction" title="Feature Extraction">Feature Extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ontology." title=" Ontology."> Ontology.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8121/generic-multimedia-database-architecture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8121/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8121/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8121/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8121/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8121/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8121/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8121/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8121/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8121/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8121/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8121.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1794</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> Effect of Different BER Performance Comparison of MAP and ML Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Naveed%20Ur%20Rehman">Naveed Ur Rehman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rehan%20Jamil"> Rehan Jamil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Irfan%20Jamil"> Irfan Jamil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, we regard as a coded transmission over a frequency-selective channel. We plan to study analytically the convergence of the turbo-detector using a maximum a posteriori (MAP) equalizer and a MAP decoder. We demonstrate that the densities of the maximum likelihood (ML) exchanged during the iterations are e-symmetric and output-symmetric. Under the Gaussian approximation, this property allows to execute a one-dimensional scrutiny of the turbo-detector. By deriving the analytical terminology of the ML distributions under the Gaussian approximation, we confirm that the bit error rate (BER) performance of the turbo-detector converges to the BER performance of the coded additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel at high signal to noise ratio (SNR), for any frequency selective channel.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MAP" title="MAP">MAP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ML" title=" ML"> ML</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SNR" title=" SNR"> SNR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Decoder" title=" Decoder"> Decoder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=BER" title=" BER"> BER</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Coded%20transmission." title=" Coded transmission."> Coded transmission.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000773/effect-of-different-ber-performance-comparison-of-map-and-ml-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000773/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000773/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000773/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000773/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000773/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000773/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000773/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000773/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000773/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000773/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000773.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> A Four Method Framework for Fighting Software Architecture Erosion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sundus%20Ayyaz">Sundus Ayyaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Saad%20Rehman"> Saad Rehman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Usman%20Qamar"> Usman Qamar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Software Architecture is the basic structure of software that states the development and advancement of a software system. Software architecture is also considered as a significant tool for the construction of high quality software systems. A clean design leads to the control, value and beauty of software resulting in its longer life while a bad design is the cause of architectural erosion where a software evolution completely fails. This paper discusses the occurrence of software architecture erosion and presents a set of methods for the detection, declaration and prevention of architecture erosion. The causes and symptoms of architecture erosion are observed with the examples of prescriptive and descriptive architectures and the practices used to stop this erosion are also discussed by considering different types of software erosion and their affects. Consequently finding and devising the most suitable approach for fighting software architecture erosion and in some way reducing its affect is evaluated and tested on different scenarios.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Software%20Architecture" title="Software Architecture">Software Architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Architecture%20Erosion" title=" Architecture Erosion"> Architecture Erosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Prescriptive%20Architecture" title=" Prescriptive Architecture"> Prescriptive Architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Descriptive%20Architecture." title=" Descriptive Architecture."> Descriptive Architecture.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000232/a-four-method-framework-for-fighting-software-architecture-erosion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000232/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000232/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000232/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000232/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000232/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000232/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000232/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000232/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000232/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000232/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000232.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Strengthening of RC Beams Containing Large Opening at Flexure with CFRP laminates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.C.%20Chin">S.C. Chin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Shafiq"> N. Shafiq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.F.%20Nuruddin"> M.F. Nuruddin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the study of strengthening R/C beams with large circular and square opening located at flexure zone by Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) laminates. A total of five beams were tested to failure under four point loading to investigate the structural behavior including crack patterns, failure mode, ultimate load and load deflection behaviour. Test results show that large opening at flexure reduces the beam capacity and stiffness; and increases cracking and deflection. A strengthening configuration was designed for each un-strengthened beams based on their respective crack patterns. CFRP laminates remarkably restore the beam capacity of beam with large circular opening at flexure location while 10% re-gain of beam capacity with square opening. The use of CFRP laminates with the designed strengthening configuration could significantly reduce excessive cracking and deflection and increase the ultimate capacity and stiffness of beam. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CFRP" title="CFRP">CFRP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=large%20opening" title=" large opening"> large opening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R%2FC%20beam" title=" R/C beam"> R/C beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=strengthening" title=" strengthening"> strengthening</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16023/strengthening-of-rc-beams-containing-large-opening-at-flexure-with-cfrp-laminates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16023/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16023/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16023/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16023/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16023/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16023/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16023/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16023/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16023/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16023/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16023.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3777</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Cost and Productivity Experiences of Pakistan with Aggregate Learning Curve</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jamshaid%20ur%20Rehman">Jamshaid ur Rehman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shahida%20Wizarat"> Shahida Wizarat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The principal focus of this study is on the measurement and analysis of labor learnings in Pakistan. The study at the aggregate economy level focus on the labor productivity movements and at large-scale manufacturing level focus on the cost structure, with isolating the contribution of the learning curve. The analysis of S-shaped curve suggests that learnings are only below one half of aggregate learning curve and other half shows the retardation in learning, hence retardation in productivity movements. The study implies the existence of learning economies in term of cost reduction that is input cost per unit produced decreases by 0.51 percent every time the cumulative production output doubles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cost" title="Cost">Cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Inflection%20Point" title=" Inflection Point"> Inflection Point</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Learning%20Curve" title=" Learning Curve"> Learning Curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Minima" title="Minima">Minima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Maxima" title=" Maxima"> Maxima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=and%20Productivity" title=" and Productivity"> and Productivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7272/cost-and-productivity-experiences-of-pakistan-with-aggregate-learning-curve" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7272/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7272/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7272/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7272/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7272/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7272/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7272/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7272/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7272/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7272/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7272.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1787</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Analysis of Fixed Beamforming Algorithms for Smart Antenna Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Umair%20Shahid">Muhammad Umair Shahid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdul%20Rehman"> Abdul Rehman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mudassir%20Mukhtar"> Mudassir Mukhtar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Nauman"> Muhammad Nauman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The smart antenna is the prominent technology that has become known in recent years to meet the growing demands of wireless communications. In an overcrowded atmosphere, its application is growing gradually. A methodical evaluation of the performance of Fixed Beamforming algorithms for smart antennas such as Multiple Sidelobe Canceller (MSC), Maximum Signal-to-interference ratio (MSIR) and minimum variance (MVDR) has been comprehensively presented in this paper. Simulation results show that beamforming is helpful in providing optimized response towards desired directions. MVDR beamformer provides the most optimal solution.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fixed%20weight%20beamforming" title="Fixed weight beamforming">Fixed weight beamforming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=array%20pattern" title=" array pattern"> array pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=signal%20to%20interference%20ratio" title=" signal to interference ratio"> signal to interference ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=power%20efficiency" title=" power efficiency"> power efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=element%20spacing" title=" element spacing"> element spacing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=array%20elements" title=" array elements"> array elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=optimum%20weight%20vector." title=" optimum weight vector."> optimum weight vector.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189/analysis-of-fixed-beamforming-algorithms-for-smart-antenna-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">781</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Pakistan Sign Language Recognition Using Statistical Template Matching</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aleem%20Khalid%20Alvi">Aleem Khalid Alvi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Yousuf%20Bin%20Azhar"> M. Yousuf Bin Azhar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mehmood%20Usman"> Mehmood Usman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Suleman%20Mumtaz"> Suleman Mumtaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sameer%20Rafiq"> Sameer Rafiq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=RaziUr%20Rehman"> RaziUr Rehman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Israr%20Ahmed"> Israr Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sign language recognition has been a topic of research since the first data glove was developed. Many researchers have attempted to recognize sign language through various techniques. However none of them have ventured into the area of Pakistan Sign Language (PSL). The Boltay Haath project aims at recognizing PSL gestures using Statistical Template Matching. The primary input device is the DataGlove5 developed by 5DT. Alternative approaches use camera-based recognition which, being sensitive to environmental changes are not always a good choice.This paper explains the use of Statistical Template Matching for gesture recognition in Boltay Haath. The system recognizes one handed alphabet signs from PSL. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gesture%20Recognition" title="Gesture Recognition">Gesture Recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pakistan%20Sign%20Language" title=" Pakistan Sign Language"> Pakistan Sign Language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=DataGlove" title=" DataGlove"> DataGlove</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Human%20Computer%20Interaction" title=" Human Computer Interaction"> Human Computer Interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Template%20Matching" title=" Template Matching"> Template Matching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=BoltayHaath" title=" BoltayHaath"> BoltayHaath</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15125/pakistan-sign-language-recognition-using-statistical-template-matching" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15125/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15125/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15125/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15125/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15125/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15125/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15125/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15125/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15125/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15125/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15125.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3024</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Compressive Strength and Interfacial Transition Zone Characteristic of Geopolymer Concrete with Different Cast In-Situ Curing Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhd%20Fadhil%20Nuruddin">Muhd Fadhil Nuruddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Andri%20Kusbiantoro"> Andri Kusbiantoro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sobia%20Qazi"> Sobia Qazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nasir%20Shafiq"> Nasir Shafiq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The compressive strength development through polymerization process of alkaline solution and fly ash blended with Microwave Incinerated Rice Husk Ash (MIRHA) is described in this paper. Three curing conditions, which are hot gunny curing, ambient curing, and external humidity curing are investigated to obtain the suitable curing condition for cast in situ provision. Fly ash was blended with MIRHA at 3%, 5%, and 7% to identify the effect of blended mixes to the compressive strength and microstructure properties of geopolymer concrete. Compressive strength results indicated an improvement in the strength development with external humidity curing concrete samples compared to hot gunny curing and ambient curing. Blended mixes also presented better performance than control mixes. Improvement of interfacial transition zone (ITZ) and micro structure in external humidity concrete samples were also identified compared to hot gunny and ambient curing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Compressive%20Strength" title="Compressive Strength">Compressive Strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=alkaline%20solution" title=" alkaline solution"> alkaline solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fly%20ash" title=" fly ash"> fly ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=geopolymer" title=" geopolymer"> geopolymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ITZ" title=" ITZ"> ITZ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MIRHA" title=" MIRHA"> MIRHA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11772/compressive-strength-and-interfacial-transition-zone-characteristic-of-geopolymer-concrete-with-different-cast-in-situ-curing-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11772/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11772/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11772/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11772/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11772/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11772/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11772/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11772/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11772/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11772/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11772.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2846</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Towards Design of Context-Aware Sensor Grid Framework for Agriculture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aqeel-ur-Rehman">Aqeel-ur-Rehman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zubair%20A.%20Shaikh"> Zubair A. Shaikh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is to present context-aware sensor grid framework for agriculture and its design challenges. Use of sensor networks in the domain of agriculture is not new. However, due to the unavailability of any common framework, solutions that are developed in this domain are location, environment and problem dependent. Keeping the need of common framework for agriculture, Context-Aware Sensor Grid Framework is proposed. It will be helpful in developing solutions for majority of the problems related to irrigation, pesticides spray, use of fertilizers, regular monitoring of plot and yield etc. due to the capability of adjusting according to location and environment. The proposed framework is composed of three layer architecture including context-aware application layer, grid middleware layer and sensor network layer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Agriculture" title="Agriculture">Agriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Context-Awareness" title=" Context-Awareness"> Context-Awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Grid%20Computing" title=" Grid Computing"> Grid Computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=and%20Sensor%20Grid." title="and Sensor Grid.">and Sensor Grid.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1050/towards-design-of-context-aware-sensor-grid-framework-for-agriculture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1050/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1050/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1050/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1050/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1050/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1050/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1050/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1050/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1050/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1050/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1050.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2575</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Separation of Manganese and Cadmium from Cobalt Electrolyte Solution by Solvent Extraction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shafiq%20Alam">Shafiq Alam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mirza%20Hossain"> Mirza Hossain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hesam%20Hassan%20Nejad"> Hesam Hassan Nejad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Impurity metals such as manganese and cadmium from high-tenor cobalt electrolyte solution were selectively removed by solvent extraction method using Co-D2EHPA after converting the functional group of D2EHPA with Co2+ ions. The process parameters such as pH, organic concentration, O/A ratio, kinetics etc. were investigated and the experiments were conducted by batch tests in the laboratory bench scale. Results showed that a significant amount of manganese and cadmium can be extracted using Co-D2EHPA for the optimum processing of cobalt electrolyte solution at equilibrium pH about 3.5. The McCabe-Thiele diagram, constructed from the extraction studies showed that 100% impurities can be extracted through four stages for manganese and three stages for cadmium using O/A ratio of 0.65 and 1.0, respectively. From the stripping study, it was found that 100% manganese and cadmium can be stripped from the loaded organic using 0.4 M H2SO4 in a single contact. The loading capacity of Co-D2EHPA by manganese and cadmium were also investigated with different O/A ratio as well as with number of stages of contact of aqueous and organic phases. Valuable information was obtained for the designing of an impurities removal process for the production of pure cobalt with less trouble in the electrowinning circuit. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Manganese" title="Manganese">Manganese</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cadmium" title=" Cadmium"> Cadmium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cobalt" title=" Cobalt"> Cobalt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D2EHPA" title=" D2EHPA"> D2EHPA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Solvent%20extraction." title=" Solvent extraction."> Solvent extraction.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14928/separation-of-manganese-and-cadmium-from-cobalt-electrolyte-solution-by-solvent-extraction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14928/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14928/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14928/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14928/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14928/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14928/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14928/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14928/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14928/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14928/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14928.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3889</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Durability of Concrete with Different Mineral Admixtures: A Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Ayub">T. Ayub</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Shafiq"> N. Shafiq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20U.%20Khan"> S. U. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20F.%20Nuruddin"> M. F. Nuruddin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Several review papers exist in literature related to the concrete containing mineral admixtures; however this paper reviews the durability characteristics of the concrete containing fly ash (<em>FA</em>), silica fume (<em>SF</em>), ground granulated blast furnace slag (<em>GGBS</em>), metakaolin (<em>MK</em>) and rice husk ash (<em>RHA</em>). Durability related properties reviewed include permeability, resistance to sulfate attack, alkali-silica reaction (<em>ASR</em>), carbonation, chloride ion penetration, freezing and thawing, abrasion, fire, acid and efflorescence. From review of existing literature, it is found that permeability of concrete depends upon the content of alumina in mineral admixtures, i.e. higher the alumina content, lesser the permeability which results higher resistance to sulfate and chloride ion penetration. Highly reactive mineral admixtures prevent more <em>ASR</em> and reduce efflorescence. The carbonation increases with the mineral admixtures because higher water binder ratio and lesser content of portlandite in concrete due to pozzolanic reaction. Mineral admixtures require air entrainment except <em>MK</em> and <em>RHA </em>for better resistance to freezing and thawing.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alkali%20silica%20reaction" title="Alkali silica reaction">Alkali silica reaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=carbonation" title=" carbonation"> carbonation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=durability" title=" durability"> durability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mineral%20admixture" title=" mineral admixture"> mineral admixture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=permeability." title=" permeability."> permeability.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996810/durability-of-concrete-with-different-mineral-admixtures-a-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996810/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996810/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996810/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996810/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996810/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996810/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996810/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996810/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996810/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996810/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996810.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">6860</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Comparison of Physical and Chemical Properties of Micro-Silica and Locally Produced Metakaolin and Effect on the Properties of Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20U.%20Khan">S. U. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Ayub"> T. Ayub</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Shafiq"> N. Shafiq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The properties of locally produced metakaolin (MK) as cement replacing material and the comparison of reactivity with commercially available micro-silica have been investigated. Compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and load-deflection behaviour under bending are the properties that have been studied. The amorphous phase of MK with micro-silica was compared through X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern. Further, interfacial transition zone of concrete with micro-silica and MK was observed through Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). Three mixes of concrete were prepared. One of the mix is without cement replacement as control mix, and the remaining two mixes are 10% cement replacement with micro-silica and MK. It has been found that MK, due to its irregular structure and amorphous phase, has high reactivity with portlandite in concrete. The compressive strength at early age is higher with MK as compared to micro-silica. MK concrete showed higher splitting tensile strength and higher load carrying capacity as compared to control and micro-silica concrete at all ages respectively.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Metakaolin" title="Metakaolin">Metakaolin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=compressive%20strength" title=" compressive strength"> compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=splitting%20tensile%20strength" title=" splitting tensile strength"> splitting tensile strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=load%20deflection" title=" load deflection"> load deflection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=interfacial%20transition%20zone." title=" interfacial transition zone."> interfacial transition zone.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007731/comparison-of-physical-and-chemical-properties-of-micro-silica-and-locally-produced-metakaolin-and-effect-on-the-properties-of-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007731/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007731/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007731/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007731/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007731/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007731/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007731/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007731/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007731/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007731/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007731.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1584</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Treatment of Simulated Textile Wastewater Containing Reactive Azo Dyes Using Laboratory Scale Trickling Filter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Irum">A. Irum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Mumtaz"> S. Mumtaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Rehman"> A. Rehman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I.%20Naz"> I. Naz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Ahmed"> S. Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential applicability of biological trickling filter system for the treatment of simulated textile wastewater containing reactive azo dyes with bacterial consortium under non-sterile conditions. The percentage decolorization for the treatment of wastewater containing structurally different dyes was found to be higher than 95% in all trials. The stable bacterial count of the biofilm on stone media of the trickling filter during the treatment confirmed the presence, proliferation, dominance and involvement of the added microbial consortium in the treatment of textile wastewater. Results of physicochemical parameters revealed the reduction in chemical oxygen demand (58.5-75.1%), sulphates (18.9-36.5%), and phosphates (63.6-73.0%). UV-Visible and FTIR spectroscopy confirmed decolorization of dye containing wastewater was ultimate consequence of biodegradation. Toxicological studies revealed the nontoxic nature of degradative metabolites.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Biodegradation" title="Biodegradation">Biodegradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=textile%20dyes" title=" textile dyes"> textile dyes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=waste%20water" title=" waste water"> waste water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=trickling%0D%0Afilters." title=" trickling filters."> trickling filters.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000093/treatment-of-simulated-textile-wastewater-containing-reactive-azo-dyes-using-laboratory-scale-trickling-filter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000093/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000093/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000093/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000093/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000093/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000093/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000093/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000093/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000093/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000093/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000093.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Effect of Curing Conditions on Strength of Fly ash-based Self-Compacting Geopolymer Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fareed%20Ahmed%20Memon">Fareed Ahmed Memon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhd%20Fadhil%20Nuruddin"> Muhd Fadhil Nuruddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Samuel%20Demie"> Samuel Demie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nasir%20Shafiq"> Nasir Shafiq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper reports the results of an experimental work conducted to investigate the effect of curing conditions on the compressive strength of self-compacting geopolymer concrete prepared by using fly ash as base material and combination of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate as alkaline activator. The experiments were conducted by varying the curing time and curing temperature in the range of 24-96 hours and 60-90掳C respectively. The essential workability properties of freshly prepared Self-compacting Geopolymer concrete such as filling ability, passing ability and segregation resistance were evaluated by using Slump flow, V-funnel, L-box and J-ring test methods. The fundamental requirements of high flowability and resistance to segregation as specified by guidelines on Self-compacting Concrete by EFNARC were satisfied. Test results indicate that longer curing time and curing the concrete specimens at higher temperatures result in higher compressive strength. There was increase in compressive strength with the increase in curing time; however increase in compressive strength after 48 hours was not significant. Concrete specimens cured at 70掳C produced the highest compressive strength as compared to specimens cured at 60掳C, 80掳C and 90掳C. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Geopolymer%20Concrete" title="Geopolymer Concrete">Geopolymer Concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Self-compacting%20Geopolymerconcrete" title=" Self-compacting Geopolymerconcrete"> Self-compacting Geopolymerconcrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Compressive%20strength" title=" Compressive strength"> Compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Curing%20time" title=" Curing time"> Curing time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Curing%20temperature" title=" Curing temperature"> Curing temperature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8467/effect-of-curing-conditions-on-strength-of-fly-ash-based-self-compacting-geopolymer-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8467/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8467/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8467/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8467/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8467/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8467/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8467/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8467/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8467/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8467/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8467.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">5753</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Effect of Superplasticizer and NaOH Molarity on Workability, Compressive Strength and Microstructure Properties of Self-Compacting Geopolymer Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Fadhil%20Nuruddin">M. Fadhil Nuruddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Samuel%20Demie"> Samuel Demie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Fareed%20Ahmed"> M. Fareed Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nasir%20Shafiq"> Nasir Shafiq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The research investigates the effects of super plasticizer and molarity of sodium hydroxide alkaline solution on the workability, microstructure and compressive strength of self compacting geopolymer concrete (SCGC). SCGC is an improved way of concreting execution that does not require compaction and is made by complete elimination of ordinary Portland cement content. The parameters studied were superplasticizer (SP) dosage and molarity of NaOH solution. SCGC were synthesized from low calcium fly ash, activated by combinations of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solutions, and by incorporation of superplasticizer for self compactability. The workability properties such as filling ability, passing ability and resistance to segregation were assessed using slump flow, T-50, V-funnel, L-Box and J-ring test methods. It was found that the essential workability requirements for self compactability according to EFNARC were satisfied. Results showed that the workability and compressive strength improved with the increase in superplasticizer dosage. An increase in strength and a decrease in workability of these concrete samples were observed with the increase in molarity of NaOH solution from 8M to 14M. Improvement of interfacial transition zone (ITZ) and micro structure with the increase of SP and increase of concentration from 8M to 12M were also identified.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Compressive%20strength" title="Compressive strength">Compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fly%20ash" title=" Fly ash"> Fly ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Geopolymer%20concrete" title=" Geopolymer concrete"> Geopolymer concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Workability" title=" Workability"> Workability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6346/effect-of-superplasticizer-and-naoh-molarity-on-workability-compressive-strength-and-microstructure-properties-of-self-compacting-geopolymer-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6346/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6346/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6346/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6346/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6346/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6346/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6346/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6346/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6346/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6346/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6346.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4727</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Effect of Silica Fume on the Properties of Steel-Fiber Reinforced Self-compacting Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmed%20Fathi%20Mohamed">Ahmed Fathi Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nasir%20Shafiq"> Nasir Shafiq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20F.%20Nuruddin"> M. F. Nuruddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ali%20Elheber"> Ali Elheber</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Implementing significant advantages in the supply of self-compacting concrete (SCC) is necessary because of the, negative features of SCC. Examples of these features are the ductility problem along with the very high cost of its constituted materials. Silica fume with steel fiber can fix this matter by improving the ductility and decreasing the total cost of SCC by varying the cement ingredients. Many different researchers have found that there have not been enough research carried out on the steel fiber-reinforced self-compacting concrete (SFRSCC) produced with silica fume. This paper inspects both the fresh and the mechanical properties of SFRSCC with silica fume, the fresh qualities where slump flow, slump T<sub>50</sub> and V- funnel. While, the mechanical characteristics were the compressive strength, ultrasound pulse velocity (UPV) and elastic modulus of the concrete samples. The experimental results have proven that steel fiber can enhance the mechanical features. In addition, the silica fume within the entire hybrid mix may possibly adapt the fiber dispersion and strengthen deficits due to the fibers. It could also improve the strength plus the bond between the fiber and the matrix with a dense calcium silicate-hydrate gel in SFRSCC. The concluded result was predicted using linear mathematical models and was found to be in great agreement with the experimental results.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Self-compacting%20concrete" title="Self-compacting concrete">Self-compacting concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=silica%20fume" title=" silica fume"> silica fume</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=steel%20fiber" title=" steel fiber"> steel fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fresh%20and%20mechanical%20properties." title=" fresh and mechanical properties. "> fresh and mechanical properties. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17195/effect-of-silica-fume-on-the-properties-of-steel-fiber-reinforced-self-compacting-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17195/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17195/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17195/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17195/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17195/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17195/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17195/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17195/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17195/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17195/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17195.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3276</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Cloud Monitoring and Performance Optimization Ensuring High Availability and Security</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Inayat%20Ur%20Rehman">Inayat Ur Rehman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Georgia%20Sakellari"> Georgia Sakellari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Cloud computing has evolved into a vital technology for businesses, offering scalability, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness. However, maintaining high availability and optimal performance in the cloud is crucial for reliable services. This paper explores the significance of cloud monitoring and performance optimization in sustaining the high availability of cloud-based systems. It discusses diverse monitoring tools, techniques, and best practices for continually assessing the health and performance of cloud resources. The paper also delves into performance optimization strategies, including resource allocation, load balancing, and auto-scaling, to ensure efficient resource utilization and responsiveness. Addressing potential challenges in cloud monitoring and optimization, the paper offers insights into data security and privacy considerations. Through this thorough analysis, the paper aims to underscore the importance of cloud monitoring and performance optimization for ensuring a seamless and highly available cloud computing environment.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cloud%20computing" title="Cloud computing">Cloud computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cloud%20monitoring" title=" cloud monitoring"> cloud monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=performance%20optimization" title=" performance optimization"> performance optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=high%20availability." title=" high availability."> high availability.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013788/cloud-monitoring-and-performance-optimization-ensuring-high-availability-and-security" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013788/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013788/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013788/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013788/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013788/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013788/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013788/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013788/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013788/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013788/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013788.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Parallel Branch and Bound Model Using Logarithmic Sampling (PBLS) for Symmetric Traveling Salesman Problem</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sheikh%20Muhammad%20Azam">Sheikh Muhammad Azam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Masood-ur-Rehman"> Masood-ur-Rehman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Adnan%20Khalid%20Bhatti"> Adnan Khalid Bhatti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nadeem%20Daudpota"> Nadeem Daudpota</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Very Large and/or computationally complex optimization problems sometimes require parallel or highperformance computing for achieving a reasonable time for computation. One of the most popular and most complicate problems of this family is “Traveling Salesman Problem". In this paper we have introduced a Branch & Bound based algorithm for the solution of such complicated problems. The main focus of the algorithm is to solve the “symmetric traveling salesman problem". We reviewed some of already available algorithms and felt that there is need of new algorithm which should give optimal solution or near to the optimal solution. On the basis of the use of logarithmic sampling, it was found that the proposed algorithm produced a relatively optimal solution for the problem and results excellent performance as compared with the traditional algorithms of this series.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Parallel%20execution" title="Parallel execution">Parallel execution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=symmetric%20traveling%20salesman%20problem" title=" symmetric traveling salesman problem"> symmetric traveling salesman problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=branch%20and%20bound%20algorithm" title=" branch and bound algorithm"> branch and bound algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=logarithmic%20sampling." title=" logarithmic sampling."> logarithmic sampling.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5402/parallel-branch-and-bound-model-using-logarithmic-sampling-pbls-for-symmetric-traveling-salesman-problem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5402/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5402/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5402/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5402/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5402/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5402/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5402/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5402/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5402/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5402/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5402.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Effect of Wheat Flour Extraction Rates on Flour Composition, Farinographic Characteristics and Sensory Perception of Sourdough Naans</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ghulam%20Mueen-ud-Din">Ghulam Mueen-ud-Din</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Salim-ur-Rehman"> Salim-ur-Rehman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Faqir%20M.%20Anjum"> Faqir M. Anjum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Haq%20Nawaz"> Haq Nawaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mian%20A.%20Murtaza"> Mian A. Murtaza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of wheat flour extraction rates on flour composition, farinographic characteristics and the quality of sourdough naans was investigated. The results indicated that by increasing the extraction rate, the amount of protein, fiber, fat and ash increased, whereas moisture content decreased. Farinographic characteristic like water absorption and dough development time increased with an increase in flour extraction rate but the dough stabilities and tolerance indices were reduced with an increase in flour extraction rates. Titratable acidity for both sourdough and sourdough naans also increased along with flour extraction rate. The study showed that overall quality of sourdough naans were affected by both flour extraction rate and starter culture used. Sensory analysis of sourdough naans revealed that desirable extraction rate for sourdough naan was 76%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Extraction%20rates" title="Extraction rates">Extraction rates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Farinographic%20characteristics" title=" Farinographic characteristics"> Farinographic characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Flour%20composition" title=" Flour composition"> Flour composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sourdough%20naans" title=" Sourdough naans"> Sourdough naans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wheat%20flour." title=" Wheat flour."> Wheat flour.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2550/effect-of-wheat-flour-extraction-rates-on-flour-composition-farinographic-characteristics-and-sensory-perception-of-sourdough-naans" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2550/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2550/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2550/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2550/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2550/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2550/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2550/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2550/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2550/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2550/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2550.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4672</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Compressive Strength and Workability Characteristics of Low-Calcium Fly ash-based Self-Compacting Geopolymer Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Fareed%20Ahmed">M. Fareed Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Fadhil%20Nuruddin"> M. Fadhil Nuruddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nasir%20Shafiq"> Nasir Shafiq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to growing environmental concerns of the cement industry, alternative cement technologies have become an area of increasing interest. It is now believed that new binders are indispensable for enhanced environmental and durability performance. Self-compacting Geopolymer concrete is an innovative method and improved way of concreting operation that does not require vibration for placing it and is produced by complete elimination of ordinary Portland cement. This paper documents the assessment of the compressive strength and workability characteristics of low-calcium fly ash based selfcompacting geopolymer concrete. The essential workability properties of the freshly prepared Self-compacting Geopolymer concrete such as filling ability, passing ability and segregation resistance were evaluated by using Slump flow, V-funnel, L-box and J-ring test methods. The fundamental requirements of high flowability and segregation resistance as specified by guidelines on Self Compacting Concrete by EFNARC were satisfied. In addition, compressive strength was determined and the test results are included here. This paper also reports the effect of extra water, curing time and curing temperature on the compressive strength of self-compacting geopolymer concrete. The test results show that extra water in the concrete mix plays a significant role. Also, longer curing time and curing the concrete specimens at higher temperatures will result in higher compressive strength. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fly%20ash" title="Fly ash">Fly ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Geopolymer%20Concrete" title=" Geopolymer Concrete"> Geopolymer Concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Self-compactingconcrete" title=" Self-compactingconcrete"> Self-compactingconcrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Self-compacting%20Geopolymer%20concrete" title=" Self-compacting Geopolymer concrete"> Self-compacting Geopolymer concrete</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3527/compressive-strength-and-workability-characteristics-of-low-calcium-fly-ash-based-self-compacting-geopolymer-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3527/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3527/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3527/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3527/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3527/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3527/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3527/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3527/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3527/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3527/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3527.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4584</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Durability Study Partially Saturated Fly Ash Blended Cement Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Shafiq">N. Shafiq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20F.%20Nuruddin"> M. F. Nuruddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20C.%20Chin"> S. C. Chin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the experimental results of the investigation of various properties related to the durability and longterm performance of mortars made of Fly Ash blended cement, FA and Ordinary Portland cement, OPC. The properties that were investigated in an experimental program include; equilibration of specimen in different relative humidity, determination of total porosity, compressive strength, chloride permeability index, and electrical resistivity. Fly Ash blended cement mortar specimens exhibited 10% to 15% lower porosity when measured at equilibrium conditions in different relative humidities as compared to the specimens made of OPC mortar, which resulted in 6% to 8% higher compressive strength of FA blended cement mortar specimens. The effects of ambient relative humidity during sample equilibration on porosity and strength development were also studied. For specimens equilibrated in higher relative humidity conditions, such as 75%, the total porosity of different mortar specimens was between 35% to 50% less than the porosity of samples equilibrated in 12% relative humidity, consequently leading to higher compressive strengths of these specimens.A valid statistical correlation between values of compressive strength, porosity and the degree of saturation was obtained. Measured values of chloride permeability index of fly ash blended cement mortar were obtained as one fourth to one sixth of those measured for OPC mortar specimens, which indicates high resistance against chloride ion penetration in FA blended cement specimens, hence resulting in a highly durable mortar. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=chloride%20permeability%20index" title="chloride permeability index">chloride permeability index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=equilibrium%20condition" title=" equilibrium condition"> equilibrium condition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=electrical%20resistivity" title=" electrical resistivity"> electrical resistivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fly%20ash" title=" fly ash"> fly ash</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13225/durability-study-partially-saturated-fly-ash-blended-cement-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13225/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13225/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13225/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13225/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13225/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13225/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13225/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13225/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13225/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13225/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13225.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1943</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> The Most Secure Smartphone Operating System: A Survey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sundus%20Ayyaz">Sundus Ayyaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Saad%20Rehman"> Saad Rehman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the recent years, a fundamental revolution in the Mobile Phone technology from just being able to provide voice and short message services to becoming the most essential part of our lives by connecting to network and various app stores for downloading software apps of almost every activity related to our life from finding location to banking from getting news updates to downloading HD videos and so on. This progress in Smart Phone industry has modernized and transformed our way of living into a trouble-free world. The smart phone has become our personal computers with the addition of significant features such as multi core processors, multi-tasking, large storage space, bluetooth, WiFi, including large screen and cameras. With this evolution, the rise in the security threats have also been amplified. In Literature, different threats related to smart phones have been highlighted and various precautions and solutions have been proposed to keep the smart phone safe which carries all the private data of a user. In this paper, a survey has been carried out to find out the most secure and the most unsecure smart phone operating system among the most popular smart phones in use today. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Smart%20phone" title="Smart phone">Smart phone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=operating%20system" title=" operating system"> operating system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=security%20threats" title=" security threats"> security threats</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Android" title=" Android"> Android</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=iOS" title=" iOS"> iOS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Balckberry" title=" Balckberry"> Balckberry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Windows." title=" Windows."> Windows.</a> </p> <a 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