How to Analyze TCP Header Flags for Network Issues

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Ascending sequence numbers indicate proper order; discrepancies suggest out-of-order delivery. Use tools like Wireshark, applying filters to focus on relevant packets. Look for TCP retransmissions and variations in window size, indicating potential issues. Examine timestamps and Round-Trip Time for anomalies, and check for Selective Acknowledgment (SACK) options in headers. Following the TCP stream helps reconstruct packet sequences. Consider network topology and application behavior for comprehensive analysis.","upVoteCount":0,"author":{"@type":"Person","url":"https://in.linkedin.com/in/anubhavgain","name":"Anubhav Gain","image":"https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D03AQEIvptu-sM2Yg/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/0/1714782391896?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=STaRHuEbyAzz_oyku3hVM37KZex5G440S_lfx3fYQLs","interactionStatistic":{"@type":"InteractionCounter","interactionType":"https://schema.org/FollowAction","name":"Followers","userInteractionCount":0}}},{"@type":"Comment","text":"SACK events in TCP (Selective Acknowledgment) signify a mechanism allowing receivers to acknowledge non-contiguous data blocks. Unlike traditional ACKs that confirm sequential bytes, SACK permits acknowledgment of multiple, out-of-order segments. This improves performance by informing the sender precisely about missing data. Detecting SACK events in packet analysis reveals the receiver's ability to handle and recover from packet reordering or loss. SACK enhances TCP's reliability and throughput in scenarios where out-of-order delivery occurs, supporting efficient data recovery and minimizing unnecessary retransmissions for a more resilient communication process.","upVoteCount":0,"author":{"@type":"Person","url":"https://in.linkedin.com/in/anubhavgain","name":"Anubhav Gain","image":"https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D03AQEIvptu-sM2Yg/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/0/1714782391896?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=STaRHuEbyAzz_oyku3hVM37KZex5G440S_lfx3fYQLs","interactionStatistic":{"@type":"InteractionCounter","interactionType":"https://schema.org/FollowAction","name":"Followers","userInteractionCount":0}}},{"@type":"Comment","text":"To identify Selective Acknowledgment (SACK) events in TCP analysis, examine packet headers using tools like Wireshark. Look for SACK options in TCP headers, indicating acknowledgment of non-contiguous data blocks. SACK events signify the receiver's ability to acknowledge specific segments, aiding in retransmission and improving network performance.","upVoteCount":0,"author":{"@type":"Person","url":"https://in.linkedin.com/in/anubhavgain","name":"Anubhav Gain","image":"https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D03AQEIvptu-sM2Yg/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/0/1714782391896?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=STaRHuEbyAzz_oyku3hVM37KZex5G440S_lfx3fYQLs","interactionStatistic":{"@type":"InteractionCounter","interactionType":"https://schema.org/FollowAction","name":"Followers","userInteractionCount":0}}},{"@type":"Comment","text":"To analyze TCP header flags efficiently, first, understand their meanings like SYN, ACK, FIN. Use packet capture tools such as Wireshark to filter and focus on specific packets. Examine sequence numbers for out-of-order segments, and identify retransmissions as potential issues. Analyze window sizes for flow control insights. Leverage TCP timestamps and RTT measurements to gauge timing dynamics. Detect Selective Acknowledgment (SACK) events through SACK options in headers. Follow the TCP stream for a clearer sequence overview. Refer to RFCs for protocol standards. Consider network topology, and correlate findings with application behavior for comprehensive analysis.","upVoteCount":0,"author":{"@type":"Person","url":"https://in.linkedin.com/in/anubhavgain","name":"Anubhav Gain","image":"https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D03AQEIvptu-sM2Yg/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/0/1714782391896?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=STaRHuEbyAzz_oyku3hVM37KZex5G440S_lfx3fYQLs","interactionStatistic":{"@type":"InteractionCounter","interactionType":"https://schema.org/FollowAction","name":"Followers","userInteractionCount":0}}}]} </script>  </head> <body dir="ltr">  <div class="guest-upsells"> <form class="google-auth base-google-auth" action="https://www.linkedin.com/uas/login-submit" method="post"> <input name="loginCsrfParam" value="fd263a7e-33b7-4153-817a-edc05a88ab7e" type="hidden"> <input name="session_redirect" value="https://www.linkedin.com/advice/0/what-best-practices-analyzing-tcp-header-flags-jnppe" type="hidden"> 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after:content-['/'] after:text-color-text-low-emphasis after:ml-0.5 after:no-underline last:mr-0 last:after:hidden"> <a itemprop="item" class="breadcrumb__link inline-block link-no-visited-state !text-color-text-low-emphasis" href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/topics/home/" data-tracking-control-name="breadcrumb" data-tracking-will-navigate> <span class="font-normal" itemprop="name">All</span> </a> <meta itemprop="position" content="1"> </li> <li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumb inline-block mr-0.5 font-sans text-sm babybear:text-xs text-color-text after:content-['/'] after:text-color-text-low-emphasis after:ml-0.5 after:no-underline last:mr-0 last:after:hidden"> <a itemprop="item" class="breadcrumb__link inline-block link-no-visited-state !text-color-text-low-emphasis" href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/topics/engineering-s166/" data-tracking-control-name="breadcrumb" data-tracking-will-navigate> <span class="font-normal" itemprop="name">Engineering</span> </a> <meta itemprop="position" content="2"> </li> <li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumb inline-block mr-0.5 font-sans text-sm babybear:text-xs text-color-text after:content-['/'] after:text-color-text-low-emphasis after:ml-0.5 after:no-underline last:mr-0 last:after:hidden"> <a aria-current="page" itemprop="item" class="breadcrumb__link inline-block link-no-visited-state !text-color-text" href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/topics/engineering-s166/network-security-s745/" data-tracking-control-name="breadcrumb" data-tracking-will-navigate> <span class="font-semibold" itemprop="name">Network Security</span> </a> <meta itemprop="position" content="3"> </li> </ol> </section> <h1 class="pulse-title text-display-md text-color-text lg:text-display-lg font-bold w-11/12 ">What are the best practices for analyzing TCP header flags to identify out-of-order segments and SACK events?</h1>  <div class="powered-by-ai py-3 text-sm text-color-text-secondary">Powered by AI and the LinkedIn community</div> <section class="table-of-content pb-6"> <div class="group menu-item relative flex cursor-pointer flex-row justify-start border-0 pl-0" data-chunk-header-id="how-to-detect-out-of-order-segments"> <h3 class="text-color-text group-hover:text-color-text-brand">1</h3> <div class="ml-2 mr-6 mt-0.5 min-w-[75%]"> <a class="fragmented-links font-normal !text-color-text underline decoration-1 underline-offset-4 group-hover:!text-color-text-brand" href="#how-to-detect-out-of-order-segments" data-tracking-will-navigate data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article__toc-article-segment-navigation">How to detect out-of-order segments </a>  </div> <icon class="invisible absolute right-2 top-1/2 flex -translate-y-2/4 items-center justify-between rounded-full border-1 border-solid border-color-container-brand p-1 group-hover:visible" 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data-svg-class-name="w-2 h-2 text-color-text-brand"></icon> </div> <div class="group menu-item relative flex cursor-pointer flex-row justify-start border-0 pl-0" data-chunk-header-id="how-to-identify-sack-events"> <h3 class="text-color-text group-hover:text-color-text-brand">3</h3> <div class="ml-2 mr-6 mt-0.5 min-w-[75%]"> <a class="fragmented-links font-normal !text-color-text underline decoration-1 underline-offset-4 group-hover:!text-color-text-brand" href="#how-to-identify-sack-events" data-tracking-will-navigate data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article__toc-article-segment-navigation">How to identify SACK events </a>  </div> <icon class="invisible absolute right-2 top-1/2 flex -translate-y-2/4 items-center justify-between rounded-full border-1 border-solid border-color-container-brand p-1 group-hover:visible" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/6q8fxh9snmcwlh1wxg6fktwgf" data-svg-class-name="w-2 h-2 text-color-text-brand"></icon> </div> <div 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justify-start border-0 pl-0" data-chunk-header-id="how-to-interpret-tcp-header-flags"> <h3 class="text-color-text group-hover:text-color-text-brand">5</h3> <div class="ml-2 mr-6 mt-0.5 min-w-[75%]"> <a class="fragmented-links font-normal !text-color-text underline decoration-1 underline-offset-4 group-hover:!text-color-text-brand" href="#how-to-interpret-tcp-header-flags" data-tracking-will-navigate data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article__toc-article-segment-navigation">How to interpret TCP header flags </a> <p class="inline-promotion-text mt-0.5 text-xs font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis">Be the first to add your personal experience</p> </div> <icon class="invisible absolute right-2 top-1/2 flex -translate-y-2/4 items-center justify-between rounded-full border-1 border-solid border-color-container-brand p-1 group-hover:visible" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/6q8fxh9snmcwlh1wxg6fktwgf" data-svg-class-name="w-2 h-2 text-color-text-brand"></icon> </div> <div class="group menu-item relative flex cursor-pointer flex-row justify-start border-0 pl-0" data-chunk-header-id="here’s-what-else-to-consider"> <h3 class="text-color-text group-hover:text-color-text-brand">6</h3> <div class="ml-2 mr-6 mt-0.5 min-w-[75%]"> <a class="fragmented-links font-normal !text-color-text underline decoration-1 underline-offset-4 group-hover:!text-color-text-brand" href="#here’s-what-else-to-consider" data-tracking-will-navigate data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article__toc-article-segment-navigation">Here’s what else to consider </a> <p class="inline-promotion-text mt-0.5 text-xs font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis">Be the first to add your personal experience</p> </div> <icon class="invisible absolute right-2 top-1/2 flex -translate-y-2/4 items-center justify-between rounded-full border-1 border-solid border-color-container-brand p-1 group-hover:visible" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/6q8fxh9snmcwlh1wxg6fktwgf" data-svg-class-name="w-2 h-2 text-color-text-brand"></icon> </div> </section> <div class="x-article-introduction"> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>TCP header flags are bits that indicate the status and control of a TCP connection. They can help you diagnose network issues, such as packet loss, retransmission, congestion, and latency. In this article, you will learn the best practices for analyzing TCP header flags to identify out-of-order segments and SACK events.</span> </p> </div> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>Out-of-order segments are packets that arrive at the destination in a different order than they were sent by the source. This can happen due to routing, load balancing, or network errors. Out-of-order segments can cause performance degradation, as the receiver may have to buffer or discard them until the missing or expected segments arrive.</span> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="column-article-segment-contributions md:column md:w-1/2"> <code id="shouldExpandContributionBox" style="display: none"></code> <div class="x-featured-expert-section__wrapper flex h-full flex-1 flex-col"> <div class="x-featured-expert-section h-full"> <div class="x-featured-expert-section__article-experts"> <div class="x-featured-expert-section__title mt-2 pb-0.5 text-xl font-bold text-color-text"> Find expert answers in this collaborative article </div> <div class="x-featured-expert-section__subtitle pb-3 text-sm text-color-text-secondary"> Selected by the community from 4 contributions. <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/help/linkedin/answer/a1652832" target="_blank" aria-label="Learn more about collaborative articles" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article__featured-expert-learn-more-link" data-tracking-will-navigate="true" class="text-color-text-secondary active:no-underline hover:no-underline visited:text-color-text-secondary hover:text-color-text-secondary">Learn more</a> </div>  </div> </div> <div class="x-featured-expert-section__get-started pt-3 "> <div class="x-featured-section__get-started-ctn relative pt-2 md:pt-0"> <div class="x-featured-section__get-started-button-content flex"> <div class="face-pile flex !no-underline inline"> <div class="face-pile__images-container self-start flex-shrink-0 mr-1 leading-[1]"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-4 h-4 face-pile__image border-1 border-solid border-color-transparent -ml-2 first:ml-0" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/aknc0tlv27rvexgsrvndtcui2" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-4 h-4 face-pile__image border-1 border-solid border-color-transparent -ml-2 first:ml-0" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/869o6d2o2qd7c3q7n4vqr7j7e" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-4 h-4 face-pile__image border-1 border-solid border-color-transparent -ml-2 first:ml-0" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/b0d8dulikeg7a1iqa78rno640" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt> </div>  </div> <button class="x-featured-section__get-started-button btn-sm btn-tertiary py-0.5 px-2" aria-label="Click to scroll to the first segment in this collaborative article" data-tracking-will-navigate="true" data-tracking-control-name="featured_start_contribution_section" data-feed-action-category="view" data-feed-action-type="viewContribution"> <div class="x-featured-section__get-started-button-content__text-icon inline-flex items-center"> <div class="x-featured-section__get-started-copy inline-block pr-1">See what others are saying</div> <icon class="relative ml-0 inline-block text-color-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/4w63b6j0lft0iau5gbn0984ev" data-svg-class-name="w-2 h-2"></icon> </div> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <code id="loginUrl" style="display: none"></code> <div class="article-segment" data-is-logged-in="false" data-thread-urn="urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7147983091599364097,7147983093461614595)" data-test-id="article-segment" data-total-count="1" data-tracking-prefix="article-ssr-frontend-x-article" role="presentation"> <div class="md:row pb-6 md:flex"> <div class="column-article-segment-content md:column md:mb-8 md:mr-4 md:w-1/2 md:flex-1 md:pr-[88px]"> <div class="md:pt-6 "> <div class="article-segment-content-container "> <div id="content-urn_li_articleSegment__urn_li_linkedInArticle_7147983091599364097_7147983093461614595_"> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <h2 class="flex"> <a id="how-to-detect-out-of-order-segments" href="#how-to-detect-out-of-order-segments" class="dummy-anchor invisible absolute mt-[-100px]"></a> <span class="header-index pr-1.5">1</span> <span class>How to detect out-of-order segments</span> </h2> </div> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>One way to detect out-of-order segments is to look at the sequence number and acknowledgment number fields in the TCP header. The sequence number is the byte count of the first data byte in the segment, and the acknowledgment number is the byte count of the next expected data byte from the sender. If the sequence number or acknowledgment number is lower than the previous one, it means that the segment is out-of-order.</span> </p> </div> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>Another way to detect out-of-order segments is to look at the retransmission timeout (RTO) and round-trip time (RTT) values. The RTO is the time that the sender waits before retransmitting a segment that has not been acknowledged, and the RTT is the time that it takes for a segment to travel from the sender to the receiver and back. 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You'll no longer see this contribution</p> </template> </li>  </ul>  </div> </div> <code id="contributionCopyLink" style="display: none"></code> <code id="contributionCopyFail" style="display: none"></code> <code id="contributionCopyUnsupported" style="display: none"></code> </div> </div> <div class="contribution__container left__border -mb-2 -mt-1 animate-show ml-0 pl-0 md:ml-[-41px] md:pl-[32px] pr-0 lg:ml-[-33px] lg:pl-[40px] lg:pr-1 pt-2 pb-4"> <div class="flex flex-col justify-between lg:flex-col"> <div class="flex items-center justify-between gap-1"> </div> </div> <div class="contribution__text-wrapper relative"> <p class="contribution__text mb-1 whitespace-pre-wrap pt-1 text-md leading-open text-color-text md:mb-0 md:pt-0 line-clamp-5 lg:text-lg" data-tracking-control-name="comment_text">To detect out-of-order segments in TCP, analyze packet sequence numbers. Ascending sequence numbers indicate proper order; discrepancies suggest out-of-order delivery. Use tools like Wireshark, applying filters to focus on relevant packets. Look for TCP retransmissions and variations in window size, indicating potential issues. Examine timestamps and Round-Trip Time for anomalies, and check for Selective Acknowledgment (SACK) options in headers. Following the TCP stream helps reconstruct packet sequences. 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pr-1.5">2</span> <span class>What are SACK events</span> </h2> </div> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>SACK stands for selective acknowledgment, which is a TCP feature that allows the receiver to acknowledge non-contiguous segments that have been received. This way, the sender can avoid retransmitting segments that have already been received, and focus on the missing ones. 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You'll no longer see this contribution</p> </template> </li>  </ul>  </div> </div> <code id="contributionCopyLink" style="display: none"></code> <code id="contributionCopyFail" style="display: none"></code> <code id="contributionCopyUnsupported" style="display: none"></code> </div> </div> <div class="contribution__container left__border -mb-2 -mt-1 animate-show ml-0 pl-0 md:ml-[-41px] md:pl-[32px] pr-0 lg:ml-[-33px] lg:pl-[40px] lg:pr-1 pt-2 pb-4"> <div class="flex flex-col justify-between lg:flex-col"> <div class="flex items-center justify-between gap-1"> </div> </div> <div class="contribution__text-wrapper relative"> <p class="contribution__text mb-1 whitespace-pre-wrap pt-1 text-md leading-open text-color-text md:mb-0 md:pt-0 line-clamp-5 lg:text-lg" data-tracking-control-name="comment_text">SACK events in TCP (Selective Acknowledgment) signify a mechanism allowing receivers to acknowledge non-contiguous data blocks. Unlike traditional ACKs that confirm sequential bytes, SACK permits acknowledgment of multiple, out-of-order segments. This improves performance by informing the sender precisely about missing data. Detecting SACK events in packet analysis reveals the receiver's ability to handle and recover from packet reordering or loss. SACK enhances TCP's reliability and throughput in scenarios where out-of-order delivery occurs, supporting efficient data recovery and minimizing unnecessary retransmissions for a more resilient communication process.</p> <button class="contribution__see-more-button absolute bottom-0 right-0 hidden cursor-pointer border-0 bg-color-surface p-0 text-md leading-open text-color-text-secondary hover:text-color-action hover:underline lg:text-lg" data-tracking-control-name="comment_expand" data-feed-control="comment_expand" data-feed-action-type="expandContributionText" data-feed-action-category="EXPAND" role="button" type="button">…see more</button> </div>  <div class="contribution__social-action-bar relative right-1 flex flex-row items-center justify-start gap-1"> <div class="contribution-social-activity inline-flex items-center justify-start"> <code id="i18n_reaction_selection_state" style="display: none"></code> <div class="reactions-menu flex flex-row relative items-center justify-center 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data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <h2 class="flex"> <a id="how-to-identify-sack-events" href="#how-to-identify-sack-events" class="dummy-anchor invisible absolute mt-[-100px]"></a> <span class="header-index pr-1.5">3</span> <span class>How to identify SACK events</span> </h2> </div> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>To identify SACK events, you need to look at the SACK flag and the SACK option fields in the TCP header. The SACK flag is a bit that indicates whether the receiver supports SACK or not. The SACK option is a variable-length field that contains the byte ranges of the non-contiguous segments that have been received. For example, if the SACK option is (1000-1500, 2000-2500), it means that the receiver has received the segments with sequence numbers from 1000 to 1500 and from 2000 to 2500.</span> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="column-article-segment-contributions md:column md:pb-[200px] md:w-1/2"> <div class="article-segment-contributions-header-container bg-color-canvas-tint md:ml-[-12px] md:pt-6 lg:ml-0 mt-1 ">  <div class="add-your-perspective-section relative flex flex-row items-center " data-segment-urn="urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7147983091599364097,7147983093507715072)" data-test-add-contribution> <code id="add_your_perspective_tracking_prefix" style="display: none"></code> <code id="isGuest" style="display: none"></code> <code id="showFuseErrorMessage" style="display: none"></code> <div class="mb-2"> <a 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You'll no longer see this contribution</p> </template> </li>  </ul>  </div> </div> <code id="contributionCopyLink" style="display: none"></code> <code id="contributionCopyFail" style="display: none"></code> <code id="contributionCopyUnsupported" style="display: none"></code> </div> </div> <div class="contribution__container left__border -mb-2 -mt-1 animate-show ml-0 pl-0 md:ml-[-41px] md:pl-[32px] pr-0 lg:ml-[-33px] lg:pl-[40px] lg:pr-1 pt-2 pb-4"> <div class="flex flex-col justify-between lg:flex-col"> <div class="flex items-center justify-between gap-1"> </div> </div> <div class="contribution__text-wrapper relative"> <p class="contribution__text mb-1 whitespace-pre-wrap pt-1 text-md leading-open text-color-text md:mb-0 md:pt-0 line-clamp-5 lg:text-lg" data-tracking-control-name="comment_text">To identify Selective Acknowledgment (SACK) events in TCP analysis, examine packet headers using tools like Wireshark. Look for SACK options in TCP headers, indicating acknowledgment of non-contiguous data blocks. SACK events signify the receiver's ability to acknowledge specific segments, aiding in retransmission and improving network performance.</p> <button class="contribution__see-more-button absolute bottom-0 right-0 hidden cursor-pointer border-0 bg-color-surface p-0 text-md leading-open text-color-text-secondary hover:text-color-action hover:underline lg:text-lg" data-tracking-control-name="comment_expand" data-feed-control="comment_expand" data-feed-action-type="expandContributionText" data-feed-action-category="EXPAND" role="button" type="button">…see more</button> </div>  <div class="contribution__social-action-bar relative right-1 flex flex-row items-center justify-start gap-1"> <div class="contribution-social-activity inline-flex items-center justify-start"> <code id="i18n_reaction_selection_state" style="display: none"></code> <div class="reactions-menu flex flex-row relative items-center justify-center select-none [-webkit-user-select:none] pointer-events-auto 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class="header-index pr-1.5">4</span> <span class>How to analyze TCP header flags</span> </h2> </div> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>To analyze TCP header flags, you need to use a network analysis tool, such as Wireshark, tcpdump, or nmap. These tools can capture and display the TCP header fields and flags of each packet in a TCP connection. You can filter, sort, and graph the packets by various criteria, such as source and destination addresses, ports, protocols, and flags. 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You'll no longer see this contribution</p> </template> </li>  </ul>  </div> </div> <code id="contributionCopyLink" style="display: none"></code> <code id="contributionCopyFail" style="display: none"></code> <code id="contributionCopyUnsupported" style="display: none"></code> </div> </div> <div class="contribution__container left__border -mb-2 -mt-1 animate-show ml-0 pl-0 md:ml-[-41px] md:pl-[32px] pr-0 lg:ml-[-33px] lg:pl-[40px] lg:pr-1 pt-2 pb-4"> <div class="flex flex-col justify-between lg:flex-col"> <div class="flex items-center justify-between gap-1"> </div> </div> <div class="contribution__text-wrapper relative"> <p class="contribution__text mb-1 whitespace-pre-wrap pt-1 text-md leading-open text-color-text md:mb-0 md:pt-0 line-clamp-5 lg:text-lg" data-tracking-control-name="comment_text">To analyze TCP header flags efficiently, first, understand their meanings like SYN, ACK, FIN. Use packet capture tools such as Wireshark to filter and focus on specific packets. Examine sequence numbers for out-of-order segments, and identify retransmissions as potential issues. Analyze window sizes for flow control insights. Leverage TCP timestamps and RTT measurements to gauge timing dynamics. Detect Selective Acknowledgment (SACK) events through SACK options in headers. Follow the TCP stream for a clearer sequence overview. Refer to RFCs for protocol standards. 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md:block">Funny</span> </div> </div> </template>  </div>  </div>  </div>  </li> </ul>  </div> </div> </div> <code id="loginUrl" style="display: none"></code> <div class="article-segment" data-is-logged-in="false" data-thread-urn="urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7147983091599364097,7147983093549711362)" data-test-id="article-segment" data-total-count="0" data-tracking-prefix="article-ssr-frontend-x-article" role="presentation"> <div class="md:row pb-6 md:flex"> <div class="column-article-segment-content md:column md:mb-8 md:mr-4 md:w-1/2 md:flex-1 md:pr-[88px]"> <div class="md:pt-6 sticky-on-scroll"> <div class="article-segment-content-container "> <div id="content-urn_li_articleSegment__urn_li_linkedInArticle_7147983091599364097_7147983093549711362_"> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <h2 class="flex"> <a id="how-to-interpret-tcp-header-flags" href="#how-to-interpret-tcp-header-flags" class="dummy-anchor invisible absolute mt-[-100px]"></a> <span class="header-index pr-1.5">5</span> <span class>How to interpret TCP header flags</span> </h2> </div> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>To interpret TCP header flags, it is necessary to understand the meaning and function of each flag. There are six standard flags in the TCP header - SYN, ACK, FIN, RST, PSH, and URG - and four optional flags - ECE, CWR, NS, and SACK. SYN indicates the start of a TCP connection or a synchronization request; ACK signifies the acknowledgment of a segment or a connection request; FIN indicates the end of a TCP connection or a termination request; RST denotes the reset of a TCP connection or an error condition; PSH implies the push of data to the application layer or a prompt delivery request; URG indicates the presence of urgent data or a priority delivery request; ECE stands for congestion experienced or a congestion notification; CWR stands for congestion window reduced or a congestion recovery notification; NS denotes the nonce sum or a security mechanism; SACK represents selective acknowledgment or a SACK option. By looking at the combination and sequence of these flags, one can determine the state and behavior of a TCP connection such as connection establishment, data transfer, connection termination, error handling, congestion control, and SACK events.</span> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="column-article-segment-contributions md:column md:pb-[200px] md:w-1/2"> <div class="article-segment-contributions-header-container bg-color-canvas-tint md:ml-[-12px] md:pt-6 lg:ml-0 sticky-on-scroll mt-1 ">  <div class="add-your-perspective-section relative flex flex-row items-center " data-segment-urn="urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7147983091599364097,7147983093549711362)" data-test-add-contribution> <code id="add_your_perspective_tracking_prefix" style="display: none"></code> <code id="isGuest" style="display: none"></code> <code id="showFuseErrorMessage" style="display: none"></code> <div class="mb-2"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/cold-join?session_redirect=%2Fadvice%2F0%2Fwhat-best-practices-analyzing-tcp-header-flags-jnppe&trk=article-ssr-frontend-x-article" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="add_contribution_cta" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link class="add-your-perspective-button btn-sm flex flex-col items-start justify-center lg:btn-md bg-color-surface-accent-tint-1 hover:bg-color-container-tertiary-hover " data-test-add-contribution-btn aria-describedby="content-urn_li_articleSegment__urn_li_linkedInArticle_7147983091599364097_7147983093549711362_" data-test-contribution-cta-link-guest role="button"> <div data-test-contribution-btn-text class="add-your-perspective-button-text text-left text-color-text-low-emphasis">Add your perspective</div> </a> </div> <div class="contribution-text-area-wrapper relative w-full hidden"> <code id="min_char_limit" style="display: none"></code> <code id="min_reply_char_limit" style="display: none"></code> <code id="max_char_limit" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_success" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_error" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_edit_post_success" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_edit_post_error" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_try_refreshing_the_page" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_characters" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_characters_fraction" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_rate_limit_error" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_rate_limit_error_suggestion" style="display: none"></code> <div class="contribution-text-area-border ease-linear duration-300 mb-2 rounded-md border-1 border-solid border-[var(--color-input-container-border)] p-2 transition-all focus-within:shadow-border hover:shadow-border active:shadow-border-active md:px-3"> <textarea class="contribution-text-area leading-normal placeholder:text-color-input-hint box-border w-full resize-none border-0 bg-color-transparent p-0 text-md leading-open tracking-wide text-color-text outline-none placeholder:text-color-text-disabled lg:text-lg" placeholder="Some ways to get started: - 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