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<span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Levensloop</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Levensloop-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Levensloop-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Levensloop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Achtergrond_en_vroege_carrière" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Achtergrond_en_vroege_carrière"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Achtergrond en vroege carrière</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Achtergrond_en_vroege_carrière-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eerste_minister" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eerste_minister"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Eerste minister</span> </div> </a> <ul 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Beschikbaar in 39 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A" title="جيوفاني سبادوليني – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جيوفاني سبادوليني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89_%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%89" title="جيوفانى سبادولينى – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جيوفانى سبادولينى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9_%CE%A3%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9" title="Τζοβάνι Σπαντολίνι – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζοβάνι Σπαντολίνι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="جووانی اسپادولینی – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جووانی اسپادولینی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%91%E3%83%89%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8B" title="ジョヴァンニ・スパドリーニ – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョヴァンニ・スパドリーニ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannes_Spadolini" title="Ioannes Spadolini – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ioannes Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Спадолини, Джованни – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Спадолини, Джованни" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Siciliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Siciliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Ђовани Спадолини – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ђовани Спадолини" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Джованні Спадоліні – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джованні Спадоліні" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%95%E5%A4%9A%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%BC" title="乔瓦尼·斯帕多利尼 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="乔瓦尼·斯帕多利尼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q332709#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Inhoudspagina bekijken [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Giovanni_Spadolini_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Giovanni_Spadolini_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption>Giovanni Spadolini.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Giovanni Spadolini</b> (<a href="/wiki/Florence_(stad)" title="Florence (stad)">Florence</a>, <a href="/wiki/21_juni" title="21 juni">21 juni</a> <a href="/wiki/1925" title="1925">1925</a> - <a href="/wiki/Rome_(stad)" title="Rome (stad)">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/4_augustus" title="4 augustus">4 augustus</a> <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a>) was een <a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Italië">Italiaans</a> <a href="/wiki/Republicanisme" title="Republicanisme">republikeins</a> <a href="/wiki/Politicus" title="Politicus">politicus</a>. Hij was de 44e <a href="/wiki/Premier_(regeringsleider)" title="Premier (regeringsleider)">premier</a> van Italië, krantenuitgever, <a href="/wiki/Journalist" title="Journalist">journalist</a> en <a href="/wiki/Historicus" title="Historicus">historicus</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Levensloop">Levensloop</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Spadolini&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Levensloop" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Spadolini&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Levensloop"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Achtergrond_en_vroege_carrière"><span id="Achtergrond_en_vroege_carri.C3.A8re"></span>Achtergrond en vroege <a href="/wiki/Loopbaan" title="Loopbaan">carrière</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Spadolini&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Achtergrond en vroege carrière" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Spadolini&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Achtergrond en vroege carrière"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Spadolini studeerde rechten aan de <a href="/wiki/Universiteit_van_Florence" title="Universiteit van Florence">Universiteit van Florence</a> en kort na zijn graduatie werd hij benoemd tot professor in de moderne geschiedenis aan de faculteit politieke wetenschappen. Ook werd hij politiek columnist bij verschillende kranten en werd in 1955 hoofduitgever van de krant <i>Il Resto del Carlino</i> in Bologna, waarbij de oplage gedurende zijn dienstperiode verdubbelde. Als journalist gebruikte hij soms het pseudoniem <i>Giovanni dalle Bande Nere</i>. In 1968 verhuisde hij naar <a href="/wiki/Milaan_(stad)" title="Milaan (stad)">Milaan</a> om uitgever te worden van <a href="/wiki/Corriere_della_Sera" title="Corriere della Sera">Corriere della Sera</a>, de grootste Italiaanse krant. Dit bleef hij tot hij de journalistiek verliet om in de politiek te kunnen stappen. </p><p>In 1972 werd hij verkozen tot <a href="/wiki/Senaat_(volksvertegenwoordiging)" title="Senaat (volksvertegenwoordiging)">senator</a> en werd al snel Minister van Milieu en later van Onderwijs. In 1979 nam hij het leiderschap van de kleine, maar machtige <a href="/wiki/Republikeinse_Partij_van_Itali%C3%AB" title="Republikeinse Partij van Italië">Republikeinse Partij van Italië</a> over, en dit tot in 1987. Van 1974 tot 1976 was hij tevens Minister van Cultuur en van 1983 tot 1987 van Defensie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eerste_minister">Eerste minister</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Spadolini&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Eerste minister" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Spadolini&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Eerste minister"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Van 1981 tot 1982 was hij <a href="/wiki/Eerste_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Eerste Minister">Eerste Minister</a> van Italië en was daarmee de eerste niet-<a href="/wiki/Christendemocratie" title="Christendemocratie">christendemocratische</a> premier sinds het einde van de <a href="/wiki/Tweede_Wereldoorlog" title="Tweede Wereldoorlog">Tweede Wereldoorlog</a>. Hij probeerde de <a href="/wiki/Corruptie" title="Corruptie">corruptie</a> te verminderen (vooral na het schandaal rond de geheime vrijmetselaarsloge <a href="/w/index.php?title=Propaganda_Due&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Propaganda Due (de pagina bestaat niet)">Propaganda Due</a>, waar veel politici lid van waren) en terroristische acties te reduceren. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latere_politieke_rol">Latere politieke rol</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Spadolini&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Latere politieke rol" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Spadolini&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Latere politieke rol"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Van 1987 tot in april 1994 was hij voorzitter van de <a href="/wiki/Senaat_van_de_Republiek_(Itali%C3%AB)" title="Senaat van de Republiek (Italië)">Italiaanse Senaat</a>. Na het aftreden van president <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Cossiga" title="Francesco Cossiga">Francesco Cossiga</a> was hij in 1992 één maand interim-president. Na de verkiezingsoverwinning van <a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Silvio Berlusconi</a> in 1994, verloor hij het voorzitterschap van de Senaat. Enkele maanden later overleed hij. Hij ligt begraven op de <a href="/wiki/Cimitero_delle_Porte_Sante" title="Cimitero delle Porte Sante">begraafplaats van Porte Sante</a> in Florence. </p><p><br /> </p> <table class="toccolours opvolging" style="text-align:center; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:-0.5em; width:100%; clear:both; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="voorganger" width="30%"><b>Voorganger:</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Arnaldo_Forlani" title="Arnaldo Forlani">Arnaldo Forlani</a> </td> <td class="lijst" width="40%"><b><a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_premiers_van_Itali%C3%AB" title="Lijst van premiers van Italië">Premier van Italië</a><br />1981-1982</b> </td> <td class="volgende" width="30%"><b>Opvolger:</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Amintore_Fanfani" title="Amintore Fanfani">Amintore Fanfani</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto 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.navigatie-tabel{margin:0 auto 0 auto;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding-left:0.5em}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;width:100%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:unset}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding:unset}}</style><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style=""><tbody><tr><td class="links" style=""><b><a href="/wiki/Koninkrijk_Itali%C3%AB_(1861-1946)" title="Koninkrijk Italië (1861-1946)">Koninkrijk Italië</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Badoglio" title="Pietro Badoglio">Badoglio</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ivanoe_Bonomi" title="Ivanoe Bonomi">Bonomi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Boselli" title="Paolo Boselli">Boselli</a> · <a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Cairoli" title="Benedetto Cairoli">Cairoli</a> · <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Benso_di_Cavour" title="Camillo Benso di Cavour">Cavour</a> · <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Crispi" title="Francesco Crispi">Crispi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Agostino_Depretis" title="Agostino Depretis">Depretis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Carlo_Farini" title="Luigi Carlo Farini">Farini</a> · <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Fortis" title="Alessandro Fortis">Fortis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Alcide_De_Gasperi" title="Alcide De Gasperi">De Gasperi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Facta" title="Luigi Facta">Facta</a> · <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Giolitti" title="Giovanni Giolitti">Giolitti</a> · <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Lanza" title="Giovanni Lanza">Lanza</a> · <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Luzzatti" title="Luigi Luzzatti">Luzzatti</a> · <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Ferrero_La_Marmora" title="Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora">La Marmora</a> · <a href="/wiki/Federico_Luigi_Menabrea" title="Federico Luigi Menabrea">Menabrea</a> · <a href="/wiki/Marco_Minghetti" title="Marco Minghetti">Minghetti</a> · <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Mussolini</a> · <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Saverio_Nitti" title="Francesco Saverio Nitti">Nitti</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Emanuele_Orlando" title="Vittorio Emanuele Orlando">Orlando</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ferruccio_Parri" title="Ferruccio Parri">Parri</a> · <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Pelloux" title="Luigi Pelloux">Pelloux</a> · <a href="/wiki/Urbano_Rattazzi" title="Urbano Rattazzi">Rattazzi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bettino_Ricasoli" title="Bettino Ricasoli">Ricasoli</a> · <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Salandra" title="Antonio Salandra">Salandra</a> · <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Saracco" title="Giuseppe Saracco">Saracco</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Sonnino" title="Sidney Sonnino">Sonnino</a> · <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Starabba" title="Antonio Starabba">Starabba</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Tittoni" title="Tommaso Tittoni">Tittoni</a> · <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Zanardelli" title="Giuseppe Zanardelli">Zanardelli</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Italië">Italiaanse Republiek</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Giuliano_Amato" title="Giuliano Amato">Amato</a> · <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Andreotti" title="Giulio Andreotti">Andreotti</a> · <a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Berlusconi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Azeglio_Ciampi" title="Carlo Azeglio Ciampi">Ciampi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Colombo" title="Emilio Colombo">Colombo</a> · <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Conte" title="Giuseppe Conte">Conte</a> · <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Cossiga" title="Francesco Cossiga">Cossiga</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bettino_Craxi" title="Bettino Craxi">Craxi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Massimo_D%27Alema" title="Massimo D'Alema">D'Alema</a> · <a href="/wiki/Alcide_De_Gasperi" title="Alcide De Gasperi">De Gasperi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ciriaco_De_Mita" title="Ciriaco De Mita">De Mita</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lamberto_Dini" title="Lamberto Dini">Dini</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mario_Draghi" title="Mario Draghi">Draghi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Amintore_Fanfani" title="Amintore Fanfani">Fanfani</a> · <a href="/wiki/Arnaldo_Forlani" title="Arnaldo Forlani">Forlani</a> · <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Gentiloni" title="Paolo Gentiloni">Gentiloni</a> · <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Goria" title="Giovanni Goria">Goria</a> · <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Leone" title="Giovanni Leone">Leone</a> · <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Letta" title="Enrico Letta">Letta</a> · <a href="/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni" title="Giorgia Meloni">Meloni</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mario_Monti" title="Mario Monti">Monti</a> · <a href="/wiki/Aldo_Moro" title="Aldo Moro">Moro</a> · <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Pella" title="Giuseppe Pella">Pella</a> · <a href="/wiki/Romano_Prodi" title="Romano Prodi">Prodi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Matteo_Renzi" title="Matteo Renzi">Renzi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mariano_Rumor" title="Mariano Rumor">Rumor</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mario_Scelba" title="Mario Scelba">Scelba</a> · <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Segni" title="Antonio Segni">Segni</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spadolini</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Tambroni-Armaroli" title="Fernando Tambroni-Armaroli">Tambroni</a> · <a href="/wiki/Adone_Zoli" title="Adone Zoli">Zoli</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <p>Dit artikel of een eerdere versie ervan is een (gedeeltelijke) vertaling van het artikel <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini?oldid=655300328">Giovanni Spadolini</a> op de Engelstalige Wikipedia, dat onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a> valt. Zie de <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini?offset=20150418235959&action=history">bewerkingsgeschiedenis</a></span> aldaar.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r66936091">.mw-parser-output .error-bronvermelding{color:#ff0000;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .error-bronvermelding span{font-size:larger}</style> </p> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Spadolini&oldid=60611083">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Spadolini&oldid=60611083</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Italiaans_historicus" title="Categorie:Italiaans historicus">Italiaans historicus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Italiaans_journalist" title="Categorie:Italiaans journalist">Italiaans journalist</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Italiaans_minister_van_Cultuur" title="Categorie:Italiaans minister van Cultuur">Italiaans minister van Cultuur</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Italiaans_minister_van_Defensie" title="Categorie:Italiaans minister van Defensie">Italiaans minister van Defensie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Italiaans_minister_van_Onderwijs" title="Categorie:Italiaans minister van Onderwijs">Italiaans minister van Onderwijs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Italiaans_senator" title="Categorie:Italiaans senator">Italiaans senator</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Premier_van_Itali%C3%AB" title="Categorie:Premier van Italië">Premier van Italië</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 24 dec 2021 om 09:55.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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