CINXE.COM
Tyrannosaurinae - Wikipedia
<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Tyrannosaurinae - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"8a11e8a6-8376-43cb-b935-8f2babb5dc52","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Tyrannosaurinae","wgTitle":"Tyrannosaurinae","wgCurRevisionId":1257409275,"wgRevisionId":1257409275,"wgArticleId":9430305,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)","CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles with 'species' microformats","Tyrannosaurids","Dinosaurs of North America","Cretaceous dinosaurs"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Tyrannosaurinae","wgRelevantArticleId":9430305,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Teratophoneini","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Tyrannosaurinae","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q2073980","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness", "fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp" ,"ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Alioramus_remotus_Skull.jpg/1200px-Alioramus_remotus_Skull.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Alioramus_remotus_Skull.jpg/800px-Alioramus_remotus_Skull.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Alioramus_remotus_Skull.jpg/640px-Alioramus_remotus_Skull.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Tyrannosaurinae - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrannosaurinae"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrannosaurinae&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrannosaurinae"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Tyrannosaurinae rootpage-Tyrannosaurinae skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Tyrannosaurinae" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Tyrannosaurinae" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Tyrannosaurinae" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Tyrannosaurinae" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History_of_discovery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_of_discovery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History of discovery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_of_discovery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Natural_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Natural history</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Natural_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Natural history subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Natural_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Description" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Description"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Description</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Systematics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Systematics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Systematics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Systematics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tyrannosaurinae</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 10 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-10" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">10 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrannosaurinae" title="Tyrannosaurinae – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tyrannosaurinae" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrannosaurinae" title="Tyrannosaurinae – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tyrannosaurinae" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8B%B0%EB%9D%BC%EB%85%B8%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%B0%EB%A3%A8%EC%8A%A4%EC%95%84%EA%B3%BC" title="티라노사우루스아과 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="티라노사우루스아과" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrannosaurinae" title="Tyrannosaurinae – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tyrannosaurinae" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrannosaurinae" title="Tyrannosaurinae – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tyrannosaurinae" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%A9%E3%83%8E%E3%82%B5%E3%82%A6%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9%E4%BA%9C%E7%A7%91" title="ティラノサウルス亜科 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ティラノサウルス亜科" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrannosaurinae" title="Tyrannosaurinae – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tyrannosaurinae" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Тираннозаврины – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тираннозаврины" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Тиранозаврини – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тиранозаврини" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9A%B4%E9%BE%8D%E4%BA%9E%E7%A7%91" title="暴龍亞科 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="暴龍亞科" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2073980#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tyrannosaurinae" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Tyrannosaurinae" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tyrannosaurinae"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrannosaurinae&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrannosaurinae&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tyrannosaurinae"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrannosaurinae&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrannosaurinae&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Tyrannosaurinae" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Tyrannosaurinae" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrannosaurinae&oldid=1257409275" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrannosaurinae&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Tyrannosaurinae&id=1257409275&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTyrannosaurinae"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTyrannosaurinae"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Tyrannosaurinae&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrannosaurinae&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tyrannosaurinae" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Tyrannosaurinae" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispecies</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2073980" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teratophoneini&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Teratophoneini">Teratophoneini</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Extinct subfamily of dinosaurs</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Tyrannosaurinae<br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <a href="/wiki/Late_Cretaceous" title="Late Cretaceous">Late Cretaceous</a>, <br /><span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">81.9–66 <a href="/wiki/Megaannum" class="mw-redirect" title="Megaannum">Ma</a></span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:18.073846153846px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.089230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:185.98461538462px; width:11.676923076923px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:192.28px; width:5.3815384615385px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:193.28px; width:3.3815384615385px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(possible <a href="/wiki/Cenomanian" title="Cenomanian">Cenomanian</a> occurrence of <i><a href="/wiki/Labocania" title="Labocania">Labocania</a></i>)</span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Alioramus_remotus_Skull.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Alioramus_remotus_Skull.jpg/260px-Alioramus_remotus_Skull.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Alioramus_remotus_Skull.jpg/390px-Alioramus_remotus_Skull.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Alioramus_remotus_Skull.jpg/520px-Alioramus_remotus_Skull.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Skull of <i><a href="/wiki/Alioramus" title="Alioramus">Alioramus</a></i>. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tyrannosaurus_rex_theropod_dinosaur_(Hell_Creek_Formation,_Upper_Cretaceous;_near_Faith,_northwestern_South_Dakota,_USA)_2_(15157270200).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Tyrannosaurus_rex_theropod_dinosaur_%28Hell_Creek_Formation%2C_Upper_Cretaceous%3B_near_Faith%2C_northwestern_South_Dakota%2C_USA%29_2_%2815157270200%29.jpg/260px-Tyrannosaurus_rex_theropod_dinosaur_%28Hell_Creek_Formation%2C_Upper_Cretaceous%3B_near_Faith%2C_northwestern_South_Dakota%2C_USA%29_2_%2815157270200%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Tyrannosaurus_rex_theropod_dinosaur_%28Hell_Creek_Formation%2C_Upper_Cretaceous%3B_near_Faith%2C_northwestern_South_Dakota%2C_USA%29_2_%2815157270200%29.jpg/390px-Tyrannosaurus_rex_theropod_dinosaur_%28Hell_Creek_Formation%2C_Upper_Cretaceous%3B_near_Faith%2C_northwestern_South_Dakota%2C_USA%29_2_%2815157270200%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Tyrannosaurus_rex_theropod_dinosaur_%28Hell_Creek_Formation%2C_Upper_Cretaceous%3B_near_Faith%2C_northwestern_South_Dakota%2C_USA%29_2_%2815157270200%29.jpg/520px-Tyrannosaurus_rex_theropod_dinosaur_%28Hell_Creek_Formation%2C_Upper_Cretaceous%3B_near_Faith%2C_northwestern_South_Dakota%2C_USA%29_2_%2815157270200%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Skull of <i><a href="/wiki/Tyrannosaurus" title="Tyrannosaurus">Tyrannosaurus</a></i>. </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Tyrannosaurinae" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dinosaur" title="Dinosaur">Dinosauria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saurischia" title="Saurischia">Saurischia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Theropoda" title="Theropoda">Theropoda</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a href="/wiki/Tyrannosauridae" title="Tyrannosauridae">Tyrannosauridae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subfamily: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tyrannosaurinae</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fairfield_Osborn" title="Henry Fairfield Osborn">Osborn</a>, 1906</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Type_genus" title="Type genus">Type genus</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Tyrannosaurus" title="Tyrannosaurus">Tyrannosaurus</a></i><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Osborn, 1905</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Subgroups<sup id="cite_ref-Holtz2008_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtz2008-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Asiatyrannus" title="Asiatyrannus">Asiatyrannus</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Asiatyrannus_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Asiatyrannus-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Nanuqsaurus" title="Nanuqsaurus">Nanuqsaurus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Raptorex" title="Raptorex">Raptorex</a></i>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr> <b><a href="/wiki/Alioramini" title="Alioramini">Alioramini</a></b>? <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Alioramus" title="Alioramus">Alioramus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Qianzhousaurus" title="Qianzhousaurus">Qianzhousaurus</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr> <b><a href="/wiki/Daspletosaurini" title="Daspletosaurini">Daspletosaurini</a></b> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Daspletosaurus" title="Daspletosaurus">Daspletosaurus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Thanatotheristes" title="Thanatotheristes">Thanatotheristes</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr> <b>Teratophoneini</b><sup id="cite_ref-Tyrannosaurini_Teratophoneini_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tyrannosaurini_Teratophoneini-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-L.aguillonae_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L.aguillonae-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Bistahieversor" title="Bistahieversor">Bistahieversor</a></i>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Dynamoterror" title="Dynamoterror">Dynamoterror</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Labocania" title="Labocania">Labocania</a></i>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Lythronax" title="Lythronax">Lythronax</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Teratophoneus" title="Teratophoneus">Teratophoneus</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr> <b>Tyrannosaurini</b><sup id="cite_ref-Tyrannosaurini_Teratophoneini_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tyrannosaurini_Teratophoneini-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Tarbosaurus" title="Tarbosaurus">Tarbosaurus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Tyrannosaurus" title="Tyrannosaurus">Tyrannosaurus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Zhuchengtyrannus" title="Zhuchengtyrannus">Zhuchengtyrannus</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><b>Tyrannosaurinae</b> (or <b>tyrannosaurines</b>) is one of the two extinct subfamilies of <a href="/wiki/Tyrannosauridae" title="Tyrannosauridae">Tyrannosauridae</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a> of <a href="/wiki/Coelurosauria" title="Coelurosauria">coelurosaurian</a> <a href="/wiki/Theropoda" title="Theropoda">theropods</a> that consists of at least three tribes and several <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genera</a>. All fossils of these genera have been found in the <a href="/wiki/Late_Cretaceous" title="Late Cretaceous">Late Cretaceous</a> deposits of western <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> and east <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>. Compared to the related subfamily <a href="/wiki/Albertosaurinae" title="Albertosaurinae">Albertosaurinae</a>, tyrannosaurines overall are more robust and larger though the alioramins were gracile by comparison. This subfamily also includes <i><a href="/wiki/Lythronax" title="Lythronax">Lythronax</a></i>, one of the oldest known tyrannosaurid genera, as well as the youngest and most famous member of the group, <i><a href="/wiki/Tyrannosaurus_rex" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyrannosaurus rex">Tyrannosaurus rex</a></i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_discovery">History of discovery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrannosaurinae&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History of discovery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Deinodon.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Deinodon.JPG/220px-Deinodon.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Deinodon.JPG/330px-Deinodon.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Deinodon.JPG/440px-Deinodon.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2358" data-file-height="2255" /></a><figcaption><i>Deinodon</i> teeth, the earliest known tyrannosaurid remains</figcaption></figure> <p>The first remains of tyrannosaurids were uncovered during expeditions led by the <a href="/wiki/Geological_Survey_of_Canada" title="Geological Survey of Canada">Geological Survey of Canada</a>, which located numerous scattered teeth. These distinctive dinosaur teeth were given the name <i><a href="/wiki/Deinodon" title="Deinodon">Deinodon</a></i> ("terrible tooth") by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Leidy" title="Joseph Leidy">Joseph Leidy</a> in 1856. In 1892 <a href="/wiki/Edward_Drinker_Cope" title="Edward Drinker Cope">Edward Drinker Cope</a> described more tyrannosaur material in the form of isolated vertebrae, and gave this animal the name <i><a href="/wiki/Manospondylus" class="mw-redirect" title="Manospondylus">Manospondylus gigas</a></i>. This discovery was mostly overlooked for over a century, and caused controversy in the early 2000s when it was discovered that this material actually belonged to, and had name priority over, <i><a href="/wiki/Tyrannosaurus" title="Tyrannosaurus">Tyrannosaurus rex</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-quinlanetal2007b_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quinlanetal2007b-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later in 1905 <a href="/wiki/Henry_Fairfield_Osborn" title="Henry Fairfield Osborn">Henry Fairfield Osborn</a> described two tyrannosaur specimens that had been collected in <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a> during a 1902 expedition of the <a href="/wiki/American_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="American Museum of Natural History">American Museum of Natural History</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Barnum_Brown" title="Barnum Brown">Barnum Brown</a>. Initially, Osborn considered these to be distinct species. The first, he named <i>Dynamosaurus imperiosus</i> ("emperor power lizard"), and the second, <i>Tyrannosaurus rex</i> ("king tyrant lizard"). A year later, Osborn recognized that these two specimens actually came from the same species. Despite the fact that <i>Dynamosaurus</i> had been found first, the name <i>Tyrannosaurus</i> had appeared one page earlier in his original article describing both specimens. Therefore, according to the <a href="/wiki/International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature" title="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature">International Code of Zoological Nomenclature</a> (ICZN), the name <i>Tyrannosaurus</i> was used.<sup id="cite_ref-Breithaup_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breithaup-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second described representative of the tyrannosaurines, <i><a href="/wiki/Tarbosaurus" title="Tarbosaurus">Tarbosaurus</a></i> (originally described as an Asiatic representative of <i>Tyrannosaurus</i>) was in 1955 after a large skull was recovered in a joint <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">Soviet</a>-Mongolian expedition to the <a href="/wiki/Gobi_Desert" title="Gobi Desert">Gobi Desert</a> in the Mongolian <a href="/wiki/%C3%96mn%C3%B6govi_Province" title="Ömnögovi Province">Ömnögovi Province</a> in 1946. The <a href="/wiki/Holotype" title="Holotype">holotype</a> was named as <i>Tyrannosaurus bataar</i> by <a href="/wiki/Evgeny_Maleev" title="Evgeny Maleev">Evgeny Maleev</a> as <i>Tyrannosaurus bataar</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-maleev1955a_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maleev1955a-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The genus <i>Tarbosaurus</i> was also described in the same year based on PIN 551–2, a specimen with a skull and skeletal remains discovered by the same expedition in 1948 and 1949 as <i>Tarbosaurus efremovi</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-maleev1955b_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maleev1955b-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was only in 1965 that <i>Ty. bataar</i> and <i>Ta. efremovi</i> were the same species, the latter being a younger animal, and distinct from <i>Tyrannosaurus</i> recognized by <a href="/wiki/Anatoly_Konstantinovich_Rozhdestvensky" title="Anatoly Konstantinovich Rozhdestvensky">A.K. Rozhdestvensky</a> who recombined the species as <i>Tarbosaurus bataar</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-rozhdestvensky1965_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rozhdestvensky1965-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1970s saw the description of two genera. In 1970 saw the publication of <i><a href="/wiki/Daspletosaurus" title="Daspletosaurus">Daspletosaurus</a></i>, with the holotype <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Museum_of_Nature" title="Canadian Museum of Nature">CMN</a> 8506 consisting of a partial skeleton including the skull, the shoulder, a forelimb, the <a href="/wiki/Pelvis" title="Pelvis">pelvis</a>, a femur and all of the <a href="/wiki/Vertebra" title="Vertebra">vertebrae</a> from the neck, torso and hip, as well as the first eleven tail vertebrae. It was discovered in 1921 near <a href="/wiki/Steveville,_Alberta" class="mw-redirect" title="Steveville, Alberta">Steveville, Alberta</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Mortram_Sternberg" title="Charles Mortram Sternberg">Charles Mortram Sternberg</a>, who thought it was a new species of <i>Gorgosaurus</i>, but was found to be a new genus by <a href="/wiki/Dale_Russell" title="Dale Russell">Dale Russell</a> using the aforementioned CMN 8506.<sup id="cite_ref-russell1970_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-russell1970-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second, <i><a href="/wiki/Alioramus" title="Alioramus">Alioramus</a></i>, described in 1976 by <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Kurzanov" title="Sergei Kurzanov">Sergei Kurzanov</a> which the holotype (<a href="/wiki/Paleontological_Institute_of_Russian_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleontological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences">PIN</a> 3141/1) is a partial skull associated with three <a href="/wiki/Metatarsal" class="mw-redirect" title="Metatarsal">metatarsals</a> found by a joint Soviet-Mongolian expedition to the Gobi Desert in the early 1970s found these remains at a locality known as Nogon-Tsav in the Mongolian province of <a href="/wiki/Bayankhongor_Province" title="Bayankhongor Province">Bayankhongor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nemegt_Formation" title="Nemegt Formation">Nemegt Formation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kurzanov1976_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kurzanov1976-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1977 to 2009 saw the publications of several genera. In Asia they include <i>Shanshanosaurus</i> (1977),<sup id="cite_ref-dong1977_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dong1977-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Maleevosaurus</i> (1992),<sup id="cite_ref-carpenter1992_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carpenter1992-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/Raptorex" title="Raptorex">Raptorex</a></i> (2009),<sup id="cite_ref-serenoetal2009_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-serenoetal2009-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while in North America saw <i>Nanotyrannus</i> (1988),<sup id="cite_ref-bakkeretal1988_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bakkeretal1988-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Dinotyrannus</i> and <i>Stygivenator</i> (1995).<sup id="cite_ref-Olshevsky1995_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olshevsky1995-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These genera, however are controversial as the remains of these animals are immature or juvenile individuals. With the possible exception of <i>Raptorex,<sup id="cite_ref-:03_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> it is widely assumed that the Asian specimens are early growth stages of <i>Tarbosaurus</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-carr1999_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carr1999-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-curriedong2001_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-curriedong2001-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fowleretal2011_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fowleretal2011-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whereas the North American specimens are those of <i>Tyrannosaurus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-carr2020_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carr2020-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Journal.pone.0079420.g001.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Skeletal reconstruction of two tyrannosaurs superimposed over each other, with known bones highlighted in yellow; photographs of various fossils appear below" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Journal.pone.0079420.g001.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Journal.pone.0079420.g001.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Journal.pone.0079420.g001.tif/lossy-page1-495px-Journal.pone.0079420.g001.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Journal.pone.0079420.g001.tif/lossy-page1-660px-Journal.pone.0079420.g001.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4124" data-file-height="2013" /></a><figcaption>Skeletal diagrams showing <a href="/wiki/Type_(biology)" title="Type (biology)">holotype</a> remains of <i><a href="/wiki/Lythronax" title="Lythronax">Lythronax</a></i> (A) and a <i><a href="/wiki/Teratophoneus" title="Teratophoneus">Teratophoneus</a></i> specimen (B). N–P show selected bones of the former</figcaption></figure> <p>Valid genera would not be named until the 2010s, where in 2011 announced the publication of <i><a href="/wiki/Teratophoneus" title="Teratophoneus">Teratophoneus</a></i> by Thomas D. Carr and colleagues. The fossils were first found in the <a href="/wiki/Kaiparowits_Formation" title="Kaiparowits Formation">Kaiparowits Formation</a> of southern Utah. Later, fossils from the same formation were discovered and identified as the genus. <a href="/wiki/Argon-argon_dating" class="mw-redirect" title="Argon-argon dating">Argon-argon radiometric dating</a> indicates that the Kaiparowits Formation was deposited between 76.1 and 74.0 million years ago, during the <a href="/wiki/Campanian" title="Campanian">Campanian</a> stage of the <a href="/wiki/Late_Cretaceous" title="Late Cretaceous">Late Cretaceous</a> period. This date means that <i>Teratophoneus</i> lived in the middle of the Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same year <i><a href="/wiki/Zhuchengtyrannus" title="Zhuchengtyrannus">Zhuchengtyrannus</a></i> was named by David W. E. Hone and colleagues based on the holotype ZCDM V0031, a nearly complete right maxilla and associated left dentary (lower jaw, both with teeth) housed at Zhucheng Dinosaur Museum.<sup id="cite_ref-Zhuchengtyrannus_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhuchengtyrannus-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014 came <i><a href="/wiki/Nanuqsaurus" title="Nanuqsaurus">Nanuqsaurus</a></i>, the northern most tyrannosaurid found in <a href="/wiki/Prince_Creek_Formation" title="Prince Creek Formation">Prince Creek Formation</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_North_Slope" title="Alaska North Slope">North Slope of Alaska</a>, United States.<sup id="cite_ref-FT2014_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FT2014-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same year also announced <i><a href="/wiki/Qianzhousaurus" title="Qianzhousaurus">Qianzhousaurus</a></i> known from a partial sub-adult individual consisting of a nearly complete skull with the lower jaws missing all <a href="/wiki/Teeth" class="mw-redirect" title="Teeth">teeth</a> (lost during fossilization), 9 <a href="/wiki/Cervical_vertebrae" title="Cervical vertebrae">cervical vertebrae</a>, 3 <a href="/wiki/Dorsal_vertebrae" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorsal vertebrae">dorsal vertebrae</a>, 18 caudal vertebrae, both <a href="/wiki/Scapulocoracoid" title="Scapulocoracoid">scapulocoracoids</a>, partial <a href="/wiki/Ilium_(bone)" title="Ilium (bone)">ilia</a>, and the left hindlimb compromising the <a href="/wiki/Femur" title="Femur">femur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tibia" title="Tibia">tibia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fibula" title="Fibula">fibula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talus_bone" title="Talus bone">astragalus</a> with <a href="/wiki/Calcaneum" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcaneum">calcaneum</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Metatarsals" class="mw-redirect" title="Metatarsals">metatarsals</a> III and IV.<sup id="cite_ref-Qianzhousaurus_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qianzhousaurus-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Lythronax" title="Lythronax">Lythronax</a></i>, the oldest known member of Tyrannosauridae, was described in 2013 by Mark A. Loewen and colleagues from a nearly complete specimen that was uncovered in 2009 in the <a href="/wiki/Wahweap_Formation" title="Wahweap Formation">Wahweap Formation</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Staircase%E2%80%93Escalante_National_Monument" title="Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument">Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-loewen2013_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loewen2013-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Natural_history">Natural history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrannosaurinae&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Natural history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Description">Description</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrannosaurinae&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alioramus_skeletal_steveoc.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Alioramus_skeletal_steveoc.png/220px-Alioramus_skeletal_steveoc.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Alioramus_skeletal_steveoc.png/330px-Alioramus_skeletal_steveoc.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Alioramus_skeletal_steveoc.png/440px-Alioramus_skeletal_steveoc.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="655" /></a><figcaption>Size of <i>A. remotus</i> compared with a human</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tyrannosaurus_specimens.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Tyrannosaurus_specimens.svg/220px-Tyrannosaurus_specimens.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Tyrannosaurus_specimens.svg/330px-Tyrannosaurus_specimens.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Tyrannosaurus_specimens.svg/440px-Tyrannosaurus_specimens.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>The specimens "Sue", AMNH 5027, "Stan", and "Jane", to scale with a human.</figcaption></figure> <p>In comparison to the albertosaurines, tyrannosaurines were more heavily built and larger. The alioramin genera of <i>Qianzhousaurus</i> and <i>Alioramus</i>, however, were the exception, as they were more comparable in built to albertosaurines and have longirostrine snouts.<sup id="cite_ref-Qianzhousaurus_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qianzhousaurus-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like albertosaurines, tyrannosaurines also had <a href="/wiki/Heterodont" title="Heterodont">heterodont</a> dentition, large heads design to catch and kill their prey, and short didactyl arms. Based on the growth stages of <i>Tyrannosaurus</i> (and possibly <i>Tarbosaurus</i><sup id="cite_ref-fowleretal2011_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fowleretal2011-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), tyrannosaurines undergone ontogenetic changes from gracile or slender, semi-longirostrine immatures to robust, heavy-headed adults. This implies that these animals occupy different ecological niches as they developed.<sup id="cite_ref-carr2020_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carr2020-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While there is fossil evidence of earlier tyrannosauroids having feathers,<sup id="cite_ref-xuetal2004_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xuetal2004-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-yutyrannus_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yutyrannus-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the evidence of such structures in tyrannosaurids is controversial as a study in 2017 from Bell and colleagues found no support in feathered integument in tyrannosaurids.<sup id="cite_ref-rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The study used skin impressions which are small, found widely dispersed across the post-cranium at different regions of the body with a pattern similar to crocodiles. Further the croc analogy Thomas Carr and colleagues in 2017 by studying the snout of <i>Daspletosaurus</i> suggested they have large scales with sensory sensory neuron pits under the skin.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This notion has been challenged from other authors who suggested a more lip-covering of the teeth.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Distribution">Distribution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrannosaurinae&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The temporal range for tyrannosaurines went from almost 80.6 million years ago in the <a href="/wiki/Campanian" title="Campanian">Campanian</a> stage of the <a href="/wiki/Late_Cretaceous" title="Late Cretaceous">Late Cretaceous</a> epoch to 66 million years ago in the <a href="/wiki/Maastrichtian" title="Maastrichtian">Maastrichtian</a> stage. Fossils have been found in different formations in what is now east Asia and western North America. While the Asian alioramins are the basal most group of the tyrannosaurines, the geographic placement of albertosaurines and other <a href="/wiki/Eutyrannosauria" class="mw-redirect" title="Eutyrannosauria">eutyrannosaurian tyrannosauroids</a> found in North America suggests greatly the tyrannosaurines are North American in origin.<sup id="cite_ref-SouthernTyrannosaur_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SouthernTyrannosaur-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Systematics">Systematics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrannosaurinae&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Systematics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to the 2010s, the relationships of the tyrannosaurines was best understood as <i>Tyrannosaurus</i> being a sister taxon to <i>Tarbosaurus</i>. These two genera in turn were the sister taxon to <i>Daspletosaurus</i>, follow by <i>Alioramus</i>. There was an alternative hypothesis from <a href="/wiki/Phil_Currie" class="mw-redirect" title="Phil Currie">Phil Currie</a> and colleagues (2003) who suggested <i>Daspletosaurus</i> to be more closely related to <i>Tarbosaurus</i> and <i>Alioramus</i> than to <i>Tyrannosaurus</i> based on cranial features.<sup id="cite_ref-currieetal2003_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-currieetal2003-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This relationship, however, has not been found in more recent studies.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FT2014_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FT2014-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-loewen2013_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loewen2013-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SouthernTyrannosaur_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SouthernTyrannosaur-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Voris2020_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Voris2020-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1988 <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Paul" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregory Paul">Gregory Paul</a> considered all tyrannosaurines at the time except <i>Alioramus</i> to be species of <i>Tyrannosaurus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-paul1988_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paul1988-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the second edition of <i>The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs</i> published in 2016, Paul would continue this thought as well as including <i><a href="/wiki/Bistahieversor" title="Bistahieversor">Bistahieversor</a></i>, <i>Teratophoneus</i>, <i>Lythronax</i>, and <i>Nanuqsaurus</i> into the genus as well.<sup id="cite_ref-paul2016_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paul2016-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This multispecies <i>Tyrannosaurus</i> classification is, however, not widely accepted by most paleontologists.<sup id="cite_ref-Voris2020_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Voris2020-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some phylogenetic studies <i>Bistahieversor</i> is nested within Tyrannosaurinae,<sup id="cite_ref-FT2014_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FT2014-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-loewen2013_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loewen2013-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it is most often recovered as the sister taxon to <a href="/wiki/Tyrannosauridae" title="Tyrannosauridae">Tyrannosauridae</a> instead.<sup id="cite_ref-SouthernTyrannosaur_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SouthernTyrannosaur-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Voris2020_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Voris2020-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Cladogram" title="Cladogram">cladogram</a> below displays the position of the Tyrannosaurinae within <a href="/wiki/Eutyrannosauria" class="mw-redirect" title="Eutyrannosauria">Eutyrannosauria</a> and Tyrannosauridae, based on the results of <a href="/wiki/Phylogenetic_analyses" class="mw-redirect" title="Phylogenetic analyses">phylogenetic analyses</a> performed by Voris <i>et al.</i> (2020):<sup id="cite_ref-Voris2020_36-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Voris2020-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1258728058">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Eutyrannosauria" class="mw-redirect" title="Eutyrannosauria">Eutyrannosauria</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Dryptosaurus_aquilunguis" class="mw-redirect" title="Dryptosaurus aquilunguis">Dryptosaurus aquilunguis</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Appalachiosaurus_montgomeriensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Appalachiosaurus montgomeriensis">Appalachiosaurus montgomeriensis</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Bistahieversor_sealeyi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bistahieversor sealeyi">Bistahieversor sealeyi</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Tyrannosauridae" title="Tyrannosauridae">Tyrannosauridae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Albertosaurinae" title="Albertosaurinae">Albertosaurinae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Gorgosaurus_libratus" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorgosaurus libratus">Gorgosaurus libratus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Albertosaurus_sarcophagus" class="mw-redirect" title="Albertosaurus sarcophagus">Albertosaurus sarcophagus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><b>Tyrannosaurinae</b> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>As of 2023, at least three lineages of tyrannosaurines have been suggested.<sup id="cite_ref-Voris2020_36-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Voris2020-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The basalmost clade is the <a href="/wiki/Alioramini" title="Alioramini">Alioramini</a>. The second clade to diverge is the <b>Teratophoneini</b>, which comprises the American southwest taxa <i>Dynamoterror</i>, <i>Lythronax</i>, and <i>Teratophoneus</i>. They are sister to a third clade comprising <i>Nanuqsaurus</i> and the clade containing <a href="/wiki/Daspletosaurini" title="Daspletosaurini">Daspletosaurini</a>, which includes <i>Daspletosaurus</i> and <i>Thanatotheristes</i>, and the <b>Tyrannosaurini</b>, which includes <i>Zhuchengtyrannus</i>, <i>Tarbosaurus</i>, and <i>Tyrannosaurus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tyrannosaurini_Teratophoneini_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tyrannosaurini_Teratophoneini-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cladogram below displays the results of the strict consensus phylogenetic analysis performed by Scherer & Voiculescu-Holvad (2023), indicating the distinct lineages of tyrannosaurines.<sup id="cite_ref-Tyrannosaurini_Teratophoneini_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tyrannosaurini_Teratophoneini-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="clade"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><b>Tyrannosaurinae</b> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Alioramini" title="Alioramini">Alioramini</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Alioramus_remotus" class="mw-redirect" title="Alioramus remotus">Alioramus remotus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Alioramus_altai" class="mw-redirect" title="Alioramus altai">Alioramus altai</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Qianzhousaurus_sinensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Qianzhousaurus sinensis">Qianzhousaurus sinensis</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><b>Teratophoneini</b> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Dynamoterror_dynastes" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynamoterror dynastes">Dynamoterror dynastes</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Teratophoneus_curriei" class="mw-redirect" title="Teratophoneus curriei">Teratophoneus curriei</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Lythronax_argestes" class="mw-redirect" title="Lythronax argestes">Lythronax argestes</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Nanuqsaurus_hoglundi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanuqsaurus hoglundi">Nanuqsaurus hoglundi</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Daspletosaurini" title="Daspletosaurini">Daspletosaurini</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Thanatotheristes_degrootorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Thanatotheristes degrootorum">Thanatotheristes degrootorum</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Daspletosaurus_horneri" class="mw-redirect" title="Daspletosaurus horneri">Daspletosaurus horneri</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Daspletosaurus_wilsoni" class="mw-redirect" title="Daspletosaurus wilsoni">Daspletosaurus wilsoni</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Daspletosaurus_torosus" class="mw-redirect" title="Daspletosaurus torosus">Daspletosaurus torosus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Royal_Tyrrell_Museum_of_Palaeontology" title="Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology">TMP</a> 2001.36.1 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><b>Tyrannosaurini</b> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Zhuchengtyrannus_magnus" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhuchengtyrannus magnus">Zhuchengtyrannus magnus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Tarbosaurus_bataar" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarbosaurus bataar">Tarbosaurus bataar</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Tyrannosaurus_rex" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyrannosaurus rex">Tyrannosaurus rex</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrannosaurinae&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Asiatyrannus-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Asiatyrannus_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFZhengJinXieDu2024" class="citation journal cs1">Zheng, Wenjie; Jin, Xingsheng; Xie, Junfang; Du, Tianming (2024-07-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11272791">"The first deep-snouted tyrannosaur from Upper Cretaceous Ganzhou City of southeastern China"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Scientific_Reports" title="Scientific Reports">Scientific Reports</a></i>. <b>14</b> (1): 16276. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2024NatSR..1416276Z">2024NatSR..1416276Z</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41598-024-66278-5">10.1038/s41598-024-66278-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2045-2322">2045-2322</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11272791">11272791</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39054316">39054316</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+Reports&rft.atitle=The+first+deep-snouted+tyrannosaur+from+Upper+Cretaceous+Ganzhou+City+of+southeastern+China&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=16276&rft.date=2024-07-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC11272791%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2024NatSR..1416276Z&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F39054316&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41598-024-66278-5&rft.issn=2045-2322&rft.aulast=Zheng&rft.aufirst=Wenjie&rft.au=Jin%2C+Xingsheng&rft.au=Xie%2C+Junfang&rft.au=Du%2C+Tianming&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC11272791&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyrannosaurinae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tyrannosaurini_Teratophoneini-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tyrannosaurini_Teratophoneini_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tyrannosaurini_Teratophoneini_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tyrannosaurini_Teratophoneini_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tyrannosaurini_Teratophoneini_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchererVoiculescu-Holvad2023" class="citation journal cs1">Scherer, Charlie Roger; Voiculescu-Holvad, Christian (2023-11-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cretres.2023.105780">"Re-analysis of a dataset refutes claims of anagenesis within <i>Tyrannosaurus</i>-line tyrannosaurines (Theropoda, Tyrannosauridae)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous_Research" title="Cretaceous Research">Cretaceous Research</a></i>. <b>155</b>: 105780. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cretres.2023.105780">10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105780</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0195-6671">0195-6671</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cretaceous+Research&rft.atitle=Re-analysis+of+a+dataset+refutes+claims+of+anagenesis+within+Tyrannosaurus-line+tyrannosaurines+%28Theropoda%2C+Tyrannosauridae%29&rft.volume=155&rft.pages=105780&rft.date=2023-11-28&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cretres.2023.105780&rft.issn=0195-6671&rft.aulast=Scherer&rft.aufirst=Charlie+Roger&rft.au=Voiculescu-Holvad%2C+Christian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.cretres.2023.105780&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyrannosaurinae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-L.aguillonae-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-L.aguillonae_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRivera-SylvaLongrich2024" class="citation journal cs1">Rivera-Sylva, Héctor E.; Longrich, Nicholas R. (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mdpi.com/2813-6284/2/4/12">"A New Tyrant Dinosaur from the Late Campanian of Mexico Reveals a Tribe of Southern Tyrannosaurs"</a>. <i>Fossil Studies</i>. <b>2</b> (4): 245–272. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Ffossils2040012">10.3390/fossils2040012</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fossil+Studies&rft.atitle=A+New+Tyrant+Dinosaur+from+the+Late+Campanian+of+Mexico+Reveals+a+Tribe+of+Southern+Tyrannosaurs&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=245-272&rft.date=2024&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Ffossils2040012&rft.aulast=Rivera-Sylva&rft.aufirst=H%C3%A9ctor+E.&rft.au=Longrich%2C+Nicholas+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdpi.com%2F2813-6284%2F2%2F4%2F12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyrannosaurinae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Holtz2008-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Holtz2008_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holtz, Thomas R. Jr. (2012) <i>Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages,</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geol.umd.edu/~tholtz/dinoappendix/HoltzappendixWinter2011.pdf">Winter 2011 Appendix.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170812011954/http://www.geol.umd.edu/~tholtz/dinoappendix/HoltzappendixWinter2011.pdf">Archived</a> 2017-08-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-quinlanetal2007b-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-quinlanetal2007b_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBreithauptSouthwellMatthews2005" class="citation conference cs1">Breithaupt, B.H.; Southwell, E.H.; Matthews, N.A. (18 October 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2005AM/finalprogram/abstract_96150.htm">"In Celebration of 100 years of <i>Tyrannosaurus rex</i>: <i>Manospondylus gigas</i>, <i>Ornithomimus grandis</i>, and <i>Dynamosaurus imperiosus</i>, the Earliest Discoveries of <i>Tyrannosaurus rex</i> in the West"</a>. <i>Abstracts with Programs</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2005AM/finalprogram/index.html">2005 Salt Lake City Annual Meeting</a>. Vol. 37. <a href="/wiki/Geological_Society_of_America" title="Geological Society of America">Geological Society of America</a>. p. 406. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191022084528/https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2005AM/finalprogram/abstract_96150.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=In+Celebration+of+100+years+of+Tyrannosaurus+rex%3A+Manospondylus+gigas%2C+Ornithomimus+grandis%2C+and+Dynamosaurus+imperiosus%2C+the+Earliest+Discoveries+of+Tyrannosaurus+rex+in+the+West&rft.btitle=Abstracts+with+Programs&rft.pages=406&rft.pub=Geological+Society+of+America&rft.date=2005-10-18&rft.aulast=Breithaupt&rft.aufirst=B.H.&rft.au=Southwell%2C+E.H.&rft.au=Matthews%2C+N.A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgsa.confex.com%2Fgsa%2F2005AM%2Ffinalprogram%2Fabstract_96150.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyrannosaurinae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Breithaup-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Breithaup_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBreithaupSouthwell_EHMatthews_NA2006" class="citation journal cs1">Breithaup, BH; Southwell EH; Matthews NA (2006). "<i>Dynamosaurus imperiosus</i> and the earliest discoveries of <i>Tyrannosaurus rex</i> in Wyoming and the West". <i>New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin</i>. <b>35</b>: 257–258.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Mexico+Museum+of+Natural+History+and+Science+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Dynamosaurus+imperiosus+and+the+earliest+discoveries+of+Tyrannosaurus+rex+in+Wyoming+and+the+West&rft.volume=35&rft.pages=257-258&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Breithaup&rft.aufirst=BH&rft.au=Southwell+EH&rft.au=Matthews+NA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyrannosaurinae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-maleev1955a-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-maleev1955a_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaleev1955" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Evgeny_Maleev" title="Evgeny Maleev">Maleev, Evgeny A.</a> (1955). "Giant carnivorous dinosaurs of Mongolia". <i><a href="/wiki/Doklady_Akademii_Nauk_SSSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR">Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR</a></i>. <b>104</b> (4): 634–637.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Doklady+Akademii+Nauk+SSSR&rft.atitle=Giant+carnivorous+dinosaurs+of+Mongolia&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=634-637&rft.date=1955&rft.aulast=Maleev&rft.aufirst=Evgeny+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyrannosaurinae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-maleev1955b-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-maleev1955b_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaleev1955" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Evgeny_Maleev" title="Evgeny Maleev">Maleev, E. A.</a> (1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paleoglot.org/files/Maleev_55b.pdf">"New carnivorous dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Doklady_Akademii_Nauk_SSSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR">Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR</a></i>. <b>104</b> (5). translated by F. J. Alcock: 779–783.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Doklady+Akademii+Nauk+SSSR&rft.atitle=New+carnivorous+dinosaurs+from+the+Upper+Cretaceous+of+Mongolia&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=779-783&rft.date=1955&rft.aulast=Maleev&rft.aufirst=E.+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paleoglot.org%2Ffiles%2FMaleev_55b.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyrannosaurinae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rozhdestvensky1965-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rozhdestvensky1965_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRozhdestvensky1965" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anatoly_Konstantinovich_Rozhdestvensky" title="Anatoly Konstantinovich Rozhdestvensky">Rozhdestvensky, Anatoly K.</a> (1965). "Growth changes in Asian dinosaurs and some problems of their taxonomy". <i>Paleontological Journal</i>. <b>3</b>: 95–109.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Paleontological+Journal&rft.atitle=Growth+changes+in+Asian+dinosaurs+and+some+problems+of+their+taxonomy&rft.volume=3&rft.pages=95-109&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Rozhdestvensky&rft.aufirst=Anatoly+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyrannosaurinae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-russell1970-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-russell1970_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussell1970" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dale_Russell" title="Dale Russell">Russell, Dale A.</a> (1970). "Tyrannosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of western Canada". <i>National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Paleontology</i>. <b>1</b>: 1–34.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Museum+of+Natural+Sciences+Publications+in+Paleontology&rft.atitle=Tyrannosaurs+from+the+Late+Cretaceous+of+western+Canada&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=1-34&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Dale+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyrannosaurinae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kurzanov1976-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kurzanov1976_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurzanov" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Kurzanov" title="Sergei Kurzanov">Kurzanov, Sergei M.</a> "A new carnosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Nogon-Tsav, Mongolia". <i>The Joint Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition Transactions</i> (in Russian). <b>3</b>: 93–104.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Joint+Soviet-Mongolian+Paleontological+Expedition+Transactions&rft.atitle=A+new+carnosaur+from+the+Late+Cretaceous+of+Nogon-Tsav%2C+Mongolia&rft.volume=3&rft.pages=93-104&rft.aulast=Kurzanov&rft.aufirst=Sergei+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyrannosaurinae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dong1977-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dong1977_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDong_Zhiming1977" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Dong_Zhiming" title="Dong Zhiming">Dong Zhiming</a> (1977). "On the dinosaurian remains from Turpan, Xinjiang". <i>Vertebrata PalAsiatica</i> (in Chinese). <b>15</b>: 59–66.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vertebrata+PalAsiatica&rft.atitle=On+the+dinosaurian+remains+from+Turpan%2C+Xinjiang&rft.volume=15&rft.pages=59-66&rft.date=1977&rft.au=Dong+Zhiming&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyrannosaurinae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-carpenter1992-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-carpenter1992_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarpenter1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Carpenter" title="Kenneth Carpenter">Carpenter, Ken.</a> (1992). "Tyrannosaurids (Dinosauria) of Asia and North America". In Mateer, Niall J.; Peiji, Chen (eds.). <i>Aspects of Nonmarine Cretaceous Geology</i>. Beijing: China Ocean Press. pp. 250–268.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tyrannosaurids+%28Dinosauria%29+of+Asia+and+North+America&rft.btitle=Aspects+of+Nonmarine+Cretaceous+Geology&rft.place=Beijing&rft.pages=250-268&rft.pub=China+Ocean+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Carpenter&rft.aufirst=Ken.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyrannosaurinae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-serenoetal2009-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-serenoetal2009_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSerenoTanBrusatteKriegstein2009" class="citation journal cs1">Sereno, P.; Tan, L.; Brusatte, S. L.; Kriegstein, H. J.; Zhao, X.; Cloward, K. (2009). "Tyrannosaurid skeletal design first evolved at small body size". <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i>. <b>326</b> (5951): 418–422. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009Sci...326..418S">2009Sci...326..418S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1177428">10.1126/science.1177428</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19762599">19762599</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1953405">1953405</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Tyrannosaurid+skeletal+design+first+evolved+at+small+body+size&rft.volume=326&rft.issue=5951&rft.pages=418-422&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1177428&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A1953405%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19762599&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009Sci...326..418S&rft.aulast=Sereno&rft.aufirst=P.&rft.au=Tan%2C+L.&rft.au=Brusatte%2C+S.+L.&rft.au=Kriegstein%2C+H.+J.&rft.au=Zhao%2C+X.&rft.au=Cloward%2C+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyrannosaurinae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bakkeretal1988-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bakkeretal1988_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBakkerWilliamsCurrie1988" class="citation journal cs1">Bakker, R.T.; Williams, M.; Currie, P.J. (1988). "<i>Nanotyrannus</i>, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana". <i>Hunteria</i>. <b>1</b>: 1–30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hunteria&rft.atitle=Nanotyrannus%2C+a+new+genus+of+pygmy+tyrannosaur%2C+from+the+latest+Cretaceous+of+Montana&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=1-30&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Bakker&rft.aufirst=R.T.&rft.au=Williams%2C+M.&rft.au=Currie%2C+P.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyrannosaurinae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Olshevsky1995-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Olshevsky1995_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlshevsky1995" class="citation journal cs1">Olshevsky, G. (1995). "The origin and evolution of the tyrannosaurids". <i>Kyoryugaku Saizensen [Dino Frontline]</i>. <b>9–10</b>: 92–119.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kyoryugaku+Saizensen+%5BDino+Frontline%5D&rft.atitle=The+origin+and+evolution+of+the+tyrannosaurids&rft.volume=9%E2%80%9310&rft.pages=92-119&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Olshevsky&rft.aufirst=G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyrannosaurinae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:03-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:03_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarr2022" class="citation journal cs1">Carr, Thomas D. (2022-11-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02724634.2023.2199817">"A reappraisal of tyrannosauroid fossils from the Iren Dabasu Formation (Coniacian–Campanian), Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China"</a>. <i>Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology</i>. <b>42</b> (5). <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022JVPal..42E9817C">2022JVPal..42E9817C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02724634.2023.2199817">10.1080/02724634.2023.2199817</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0272-4634">0272-4634</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Vertebrate+Paleontology&rft.atitle=A+reappraisal+of+tyrannosauroid+fossils+from+the+Iren+Dabasu+Formation+%28Coniacian%E2%80%93Campanian%29%2C+Inner+Mongolia%2C+People%27s+Republic+of+China&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=5&rft.date=2022-11-25&rft.issn=0272-4634&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02724634.2023.2199817&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2022JVPal..42E9817C&rft.aulast=Carr&rft.aufirst=Thomas+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F02724634.2023.2199817&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyrannosaurinae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-carr1999-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-carr1999_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarr1999" class="citation journal cs1">Carr, Thomas D. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vertpaleo.org/publications/jvp/19-497-520.cfm">"Craniofacial ontogeny in Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Coelurosauria)"</a>. <i>Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology</i>. <b>19</b> (3): 497–520. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999JVPal..19..497C">1999JVPal..19..497C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02724634.1999.10011161">10.1080/02724634.1999.10011161</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:83744433">83744433</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Vertebrate+Paleontology&rft.atitle=Craniofacial+ontogeny+in+Tyrannosauridae+%28Dinosauria%2C+Coelurosauria%29&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=497-520&rft.date=1999&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A83744433%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02724634.1999.10011161&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1999JVPal..19..497C&rft.aulast=Carr&rft.aufirst=Thomas+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vertpaleo.org%2Fpublications%2Fjvp%2F19-497-520.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyrannosaurinae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-curriedong2001-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-curriedong2001_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurrieDong_Zhiming2001" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Phil_Currie" class="mw-redirect" title="Phil Currie">Currie, Philip J.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Dong_Zhiming" title="Dong Zhiming">Dong Zhiming</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://doc.rero.ch/record/14313/files/PAL_E1479.pdf">"New information on <i>Shanshanosaurus huoyanshanensis</i>, a juvenile tyrannosaurid (Theropoda, Dinosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of China"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences</i>. <b>38</b> (12): 1729–1737. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001CaJES..38.1729C">2001CaJES..38.1729C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1139%2Fcjes-38-12-1729">10.1139/cjes-38-12-1729</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Earth+Sciences&rft.atitle=New+information+on+Shanshanosaurus+huoyanshanensis%2C+a+juvenile+tyrannosaurid+%28Theropoda%2C+Dinosauria%29+from+the+Late+Cretaceous+of+China&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=1729-1737&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1139%2Fcjes-38-12-1729&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2001CaJES..38.1729C&rft.aulast=Currie&rft.aufirst=Philip+J.&rft.au=Dong+Zhiming&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdoc.rero.ch%2Frecord%2F14313%2Ffiles%2FPAL_E1479.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyrannosaurinae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fowleretal2011-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fowleretal2011_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fowleretal2011_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFowlerWoodwardFreedmanLarson2011" class="citation journal cs1">Fowler, DW; Woodward, HN; Freedman, EA; Larson, PL; Horner, JR (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3126816">"Reanalysis of "Raptorex kriegsteini": A Juvenile Tyrannosaurid Dinosaur from Mongolia"</a>. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. <b>6</b> (6): e21376. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PLoSO...621376F">2011PLoSO...621376F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0021376">10.1371/journal.pone.0021376</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3126816">3126816</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21738646">21738646</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=Reanalysis+of+%22Raptorex+kriegsteini%22%3A+A+Juvenile+Tyrannosaurid+Dinosaur+from+Mongolia&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=e21376&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3126816%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21738646&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0021376&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011PLoSO...621376F&rft.aulast=Fowler&rft.aufirst=DW&rft.au=Woodward%2C+HN&rft.au=Freedman%2C+EA&rft.au=Larson%2C+PL&rft.au=Horner%2C+JR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3126816&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyrannosaurinae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodwardTremaineWilliamsZanno2020" class="citation journal cs1">Woodward, Holly N.; Tremaine, Katie; Williams, Scott A.; Zanno, Lindsay E.; Horner, John R.; Myhrvold, Nathan (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6938697">"Growing up Tyrannosaurus rex: Osteohistology refutes the pygmy "Nanotyrannus" and supports ontogenetic niche partitioning in juvenile <i>Tyrannosaurus</i>"</a>. <i>Science Advances</i>. <b>6</b> (1): eaax6250. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020SciA....6.6250W">2020SciA....6.6250W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fsciadv.aax6250">10.1126/sciadv.aax6250</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2375-2548">2375-2548</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6938697">6938697</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31911944">31911944</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+Advances&rft.atitle=Growing+up+Tyrannosaurus+rex%3A+Osteohistology+refutes+the+pygmy+%22Nanotyrannus%22+and+supports+ontogenetic+niche+partitioning+in+juvenile+Tyrannosaurus&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=eaax6250&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6938697%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020SciA....6.6250W&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31911944&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fsciadv.aax6250&rft.issn=2375-2548&rft.aulast=Woodward&rft.aufirst=Holly+N.&rft.au=Tremaine%2C+Katie&rft.au=Williams%2C+Scott+A.&rft.au=Zanno%2C+Lindsay+E.&rft.au=Horner%2C+John+R.&rft.au=Myhrvold%2C+Nathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6938697&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyrannosaurinae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-carr2020-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-carr2020_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-carr2020_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarr2020" class="citation journal cs1">Carr, T.D. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7717%2Fpeerj.9192">"A high-resolution growth series of <i>Tyrannosaurus rex</i> obtained from multiple lines of evidence"</a>. <i>PeerJ</i>. <b>8</b>: e9192. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7717%2Fpeerj.9192">10.7717/peerj.9192</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PeerJ&rft.atitle=A+high-resolution+growth+series+of+Tyrannosaurus+rex+obtained+from+multiple+lines+of+evidence&rft.volume=8&rft.pages=e9192&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7717%2Fpeerj.9192&rft.aulast=Carr&rft.aufirst=T.D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.7717%252Fpeerj.9192&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyrannosaurinae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarrWilliamsonBrittStadtman2011" class="citation journal cs1">Carr, T.D.; Williamson, T.E.; Britt, B.B.; Stadtman, K. (2011). "Evidence for high taxonomic and morphologic tyrannosaurid diversity in the Late Cretaceous (Late Campanian) of the American Southwest and a new short-skulled tyrannosaurid from the Kaiparowits formation of Utah". <i>Naturwissenschaften</i>. <b>98</b> (3): 241–246. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011NW.....98..241C">2011NW.....98..241C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00114-011-0762-7">10.1007/s00114-011-0762-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21253683">21253683</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:13261338">13261338</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Naturwissenschaften&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+high+taxonomic+and+morphologic+tyrannosaurid+diversity+in+the+Late+Cretaceous+%28Late+Campanian%29+of+the+American+Southwest+and+a+new+short-skulled+tyrannosaurid+from+the+Kaiparowits+formation+of+Utah&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=241-246&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00114-011-0762-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A13261338%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21253683&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011NW.....98..241C&rft.aulast=Carr&rft.aufirst=T.D.&rft.au=Williamson%2C+T.E.&rft.au=Britt%2C+B.B.&rft.au=Stadtman%2C+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyrannosaurinae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zhuchengtyrannus-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zhuchengtyrannus_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoneWangSullivanZhao2011" class="citation journal cs1">Hone, D. W. E.; Wang, K.; Sullivan, C.; Zhao, X.; Chen, S.; Li, D.; Ji, S.; Ji, Q.; Xu, X. (2011). "A new, large tyrannosaurine theropod from the Upper Cretaceous of China". <i>Cretaceous Research</i>. <b>32</b> (4): 495–503. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011CrRes..32..495H">2011CrRes..32..495H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cretres.2011.03.005">10.1016/j.cretres.2011.03.005</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cretaceous+Research&rft.atitle=A+new%2C+large+tyrannosaurine+theropod+from+the+Upper+Cretaceous+of+China&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=495-503&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cretres.2011.03.005&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011CrRes..32..495H&rft.aulast=Hone&rft.aufirst=D.+W.+E.&rft.au=Wang%2C+K.&rft.au=Sullivan%2C+C.&rft.au=Zhao%2C+X.&rft.au=Chen%2C+S.&rft.au=Li%2C+D.&rft.au=Ji%2C+S.&rft.au=Ji%2C+Q.&rft.au=Xu%2C+X.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyrannosaurinae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FT2014-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FT2014_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FT2014_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FT2014_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFiorillo_&_Tykoski2014" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Fiorillo" title="Anthony Fiorillo">Fiorillo, A. R.</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Tykoski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ronald Tykoski (page does not exist)">Tykoski, R. S.</a> (2014). <a href="/wiki/Peter_Dodson" title="Peter Dodson">Dodson, Peter</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3951350">"A Diminutive New Tyrannosaur from the Top of the World"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PLoS_ONE" class="mw-redirect" title="PLoS ONE">PLoS ONE</a></i>. <b>9</b> (3): e91287. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PLoSO...991287F">2014PLoSO...991287F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0091287">10.1371/journal.pone.0091287</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3951350">3951350</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24621577">24621577</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLoS+ONE&rft.atitle=A+Diminutive+New+Tyrannosaur+from+the+Top+of+the+World&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=e91287&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3951350%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24621577&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0091287&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2014PLoSO...991287F&rft.aulast=Fiorillo&rft.aufirst=A.+R.&rft.au=Tykoski%2C+R.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3951350&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyrannosaurinae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFiorilloGangloff2000" class="citation journal cs1">Fiorillo, Anthony R.; Gangloff, Roland A. (2000). "Theropod teeth from the Prince Creek Formation (Cretaceous) of northern Alaska, with speculations on Arctic Dinosaur paleoecology". <i>Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology</i>. <b>20</b> (4): 675. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1671%2F0272-4634%282000%29020%5B0675%3ATTFTPC%5D2.0.CO%3B2">10.1671/0272-4634(2000)020[0675:TTFTPC]2.0.CO;2</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:130766946">130766946</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Vertebrate+Paleontology&rft.atitle=Theropod+teeth+from+the+Prince+Creek+Formation+%28Cretaceous%29+of+northern+Alaska%2C+with+speculations+on+Arctic+Dinosaur+paleoecology&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=675&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1671%2F0272-4634%282000%29020%5B0675%3ATTFTPC%5D2.0.CO%3B2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A130766946%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Fiorillo&rft.aufirst=Anthony+R.&rft.au=Gangloff%2C+Roland+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyrannosaurinae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Qianzhousaurus-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Qianzhousaurus_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Qianzhousaurus_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLüYiBrusatteYang2014" class="citation journal cs1">Lü, J.; Yi, L.; Brusatte, S. L.; Yang, L.; Chen, L. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fncomms4788">"A new clade of Asian Late Cretaceous long-snouted tyrannosaurids"</a>. <i>Nature Communications</i>. <b>5</b> (3788): 3788. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014NatCo...5.3788L">2014NatCo...5.3788L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fncomms4788">10.1038/ncomms4788</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24807588">24807588</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Communications&rft.atitle=A+new+clade+of+Asian+Late+Cretaceous+long-snouted+tyrannosaurids&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3788&rft.pages=3788&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24807588&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fncomms4788&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2014NatCo...5.3788L&rft.aulast=L%C3%BC&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Yi%2C+L.&rft.au=Brusatte%2C+S.+L.&rft.au=Yang%2C+L.&rft.au=Chen%2C+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252Fncomms4788&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyrannosaurinae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-loewen2013-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-loewen2013_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-loewen2013_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-loewen2013_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoewen_et_al.2013" class="citation journal cs1">Loewen, M.A.; Irmis, R.B.; Sertich, J.J.W.; Currie, P.J.; Sampson, S.D. (2013). Evans, D.C (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3819173">"Tyrant dinosaur evolution tracks the rise and fall of Late Cretaceous oceans"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PLoS_ONE" class="mw-redirect" title="PLoS ONE">PLoS ONE</a></i>. <b>8</b> (11): e79420. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PLoSO...879420L">2013PLoSO...879420L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0079420">10.1371/journal.pone.0079420</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3819173">3819173</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24223179">24223179</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLoS+ONE&rft.atitle=Tyrant+dinosaur+evolution+tracks+the+rise+and+fall+of+Late+Cretaceous+oceans&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=e79420&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3819173%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24223179&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0079420&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013PLoSO...879420L&rft.aulast=Loewen&rft.aufirst=M.A.&rft.au=Irmis%2C+R.B.&rft.au=Sertich%2C+J.J.W.&rft.au=Currie%2C+P.J.&rft.au=Sampson%2C+S.D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3819173&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyrannosaurinae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-xuetal2004-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-xuetal2004_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFXu_XingNorell,_Mark_A.Kuang_XuewenWang_Xiaolin2004" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Xu_Xing_(paleontologist)" title="Xu Xing (paleontologist)">Xu Xing, X</a>; Norell, Mark A.; Kuang Xuewen; Wang Xiaolin; Zhao Qi; Jia Chengkai. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://doc.rero.ch/record/15283/files/PAL_E2582.pdf">"Basal tyrannosauroids from China and evidence for protofeathers in tyrannosauroids"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>431</b> (7009): 680–684. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004Natur.431..680X">2004Natur.431..680X</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature02855">10.1038/nature02855</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15470426">15470426</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4381777">4381777</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Basal+tyrannosauroids+from+China+and+evidence+for+protofeathers+in+tyrannosauroids&rft.volume=431&rft.issue=7009&rft.pages=680-684&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature02855&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4381777%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15470426&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2004Natur.431..680X&rft.aulast=Xu+Xing&rft.aufirst=X&rft.au=Norell%2C+Mark+A.&rft.au=Kuang+Xuewen&rft.au=Wang+Xiaolin&rft.au=Zhao+Qi&rft.au=Jia+Chengkai.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdoc.rero.ch%2Frecord%2F15283%2Ffiles%2FPAL_E2582.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyrannosaurinae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yutyrannus-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-yutyrannus_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFXuWangZhangMa2012" class="citation journal cs1">Xu, X.; Wang, K.; Zhang, K.; Ma, Q.; Xing, L.; Sullivan, C.; Hu, D.; Cheng, S.; Wang, S.; et al. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120417134949/http://www.xinglida.net/pdf/Xu_et_al_2012_Yutyrannus.pdf">"A gigantic feathered dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of China"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>484</b> (7392): 92–95. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Natur.484...92X">2012Natur.484...92X</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature10906">10.1038/nature10906</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22481363">22481363</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:29689629">29689629</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xinglida.net/pdf/Xu_et_al_2012_Yutyrannus.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 17 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=A+gigantic+feathered+dinosaur+from+the+Lower+Cretaceous+of+China&rft.volume=484&rft.issue=7392&rft.pages=92-95&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature10906&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A29689629%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22481363&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012Natur.484...92X&rft.aulast=Xu&rft.aufirst=X.&rft.au=Wang%2C+K.&rft.au=Zhang%2C+K.&rft.au=Ma%2C+Q.&rft.au=Xing%2C+L.&rft.au=Sullivan%2C+C.&rft.au=Hu%2C+D.&rft.au=Cheng%2C+S.&rft.au=Wang%2C+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xinglida.net%2Fpdf%2FXu_et_al_2012_Yutyrannus.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyrannosaurinae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBellCampionePersonsCurrie2017" class="citation journal cs1">Bell, P. R.; Campione, N. E.; Persons, W. S.; Currie, P. J.; Larson, P. L.; Tanke, D. H.; Bakker, R. T. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5493735">"Tyrannosauroid integument reveals conflicting patterns of gigantism and feather evolution"</a>. <i>Biology Letters</i>. <b>13</b> (6): 20170092. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbl.2017.0092">10.1098/rsbl.2017.0092</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5493735">5493735</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28592520">28592520</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biology+Letters&rft.atitle=Tyrannosauroid+integument+reveals+conflicting+patterns+of+gigantism+and+feather+evolution&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=20170092&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5493735%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28592520&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsbl.2017.0092&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=P.+R.&rft.au=Campione%2C+N.+E.&rft.au=Persons%2C+W.+S.&rft.au=Currie%2C+P.+J.&rft.au=Larson%2C+P.+L.&rft.au=Tanke%2C+D.+H.&rft.au=Bakker%2C+R.+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5493735&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyrannosaurinae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarrVarricchioSedlmayrRoberts2017" class="citation journal cs1">Carr, Thomas D.; Varricchio, David J.; Sedlmayr, Jayc C.; Roberts, Eric M.; Moore, Jason R. (2017-03-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5372470">"A new tyrannosaur with evidence for anagenesis and crocodile-like facial sensory system"</a>. <i>Scientific Reports</i>. <b>7</b>: 44942. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NatSR...744942C">2017NatSR...744942C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsrep44942">10.1038/srep44942</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2045-2322">2045-2322</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5372470">5372470</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28358353">28358353</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+Reports&rft.atitle=A+new+tyrannosaur+with+evidence+for+anagenesis+and+crocodile-like+facial+sensory+system&rft.volume=7&rft.pages=44942&rft.date=2017-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5372470%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017NatSR...744942C&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28358353&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fsrep44942&rft.issn=2045-2322&rft.aulast=Carr&rft.aufirst=Thomas+D.&rft.au=Varricchio%2C+David+J.&rft.au=Sedlmayr%2C+Jayc+C.&rft.au=Roberts%2C+Eric+M.&rft.au=Moore%2C+Jason+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5372470&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyrannosaurinae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilinkovitchManukyanDebryDi-Po2013" class="citation journal cs1">Milinkovitch, Michel; Manukyan, Liana; Debry, Adrien; Di-Po, Nicolas; Martin, Samuel; Singh, Dalijit; Lambert, Dominique; Zwicker, Matthias (January 4, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1226265">"Crocodile Head Scales Are Not Developmental Units But Emerge from Physical Cracking"</a>. <i>Science</i>. <b>339</b> (6115): 78–81. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013Sci...339...78M">2013Sci...339...78M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1226265">10.1126/science.1226265</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23196908">23196908</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:6859452">6859452</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Crocodile+Head+Scales+Are+Not+Developmental+Units+But+Emerge+from+Physical+Cracking&rft.volume=339&rft.issue=6115&rft.pages=78-81&rft.date=2013-01-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1226265&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A6859452%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23196908&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013Sci...339...78M&rft.aulast=Milinkovitch&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft.au=Manukyan%2C+Liana&rft.au=Debry%2C+Adrien&rft.au=Di-Po%2C+Nicolas&rft.au=Martin%2C+Samuel&rft.au=Singh%2C+Dalijit&rft.au=Lambert%2C+Dominique&rft.au=Zwicker%2C+Matthias&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1126%252Fscience.1226265&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyrannosaurinae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SouthernTyrannosaur-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SouthernTyrannosaur_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SouthernTyrannosaur_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SouthernTyrannosaur_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelcourtGrillo2018" class="citation journal cs1">Delcourt, R.; Grillo, O. N. (2018). "Tyrannosauroids from the Southern Hemisphere: Implications for biogeography, evolution, and taxonomy". <i>Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology</i>. <b>511</b>: 379–387. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PPP...511..379D">2018PPP...511..379D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.palaeo.2018.09.003">10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.09.003</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:133830150">133830150</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Palaeogeography%2C+Palaeoclimatology%2C+Palaeoecology&rft.atitle=Tyrannosauroids+from+the+Southern+Hemisphere%3A+Implications+for+biogeography%2C+evolution%2C+and+taxonomy&rft.volume=511&rft.pages=379-387&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A133830150%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.palaeo.2018.09.003&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018PPP...511..379D&rft.aulast=Delcourt&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Grillo%2C+O.+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyrannosaurinae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-currieetal2003-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-currieetal2003_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurrieHurum,_Jørn_H.Sabath,_Karol2003" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Phil_Currie" class="mw-redirect" title="Phil Currie">Currie, Philip J.</a>; Hurum, Jørn H.; Sabath, Karol (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071025221456/http://app.pan.pl/acta48/app48-227.pdf">"Skull structure and evolution in tyrannosaurid phylogeny"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Acta Palaeontologica Polonica</i>. <b>48</b> (2): 227–234. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://app.pan.pl/acta48/app48-227.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on October 25, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Palaeontologica+Polonica&rft.atitle=Skull+structure+and+evolution+in+tyrannosaurid+phylogeny&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=227-234&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Currie&rft.aufirst=Philip+J.&rft.au=Hurum%2C+J%C3%B8rn+H.&rft.au=Sabath%2C+Karol&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapp.pan.pl%2Facta48%2Fapp48-227.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyrannosaurinae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Voris2020-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Voris2020_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Voris2020_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Voris2020_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Voris2020_36-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Voris2020_36-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVorisTherrienZelenitzkyBrown2020" class="citation journal cs1">Voris, Jared T.; Therrien, Francois; Zelenitzky, Darla K.; Brown, Caleb M. (2020). "A new tyrannosaurine (Theropoda:Tyrannosauridae) from the Campanian Foremost Formation of Alberta, Canada, provides insight into the evolution and biogeography of tyrannosaurids". <i><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous_Research" title="Cretaceous Research">Cretaceous Research</a></i>. <b>110</b>: 104388. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020CrRes.11004388V">2020CrRes.11004388V</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cretres.2020.104388">10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104388</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:213838772">213838772</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cretaceous+Research&rft.atitle=A+new+tyrannosaurine+%28Theropoda%3ATyrannosauridae%29+from+the+Campanian+Foremost+Formation+of+Alberta%2C+Canada%2C+provides+insight+into+the+evolution+and+biogeography+of+tyrannosaurids&rft.volume=110&rft.pages=104388&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A213838772%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cretres.2020.104388&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020CrRes.11004388V&rft.aulast=Voris&rft.aufirst=Jared+T.&rft.au=Therrien%2C+Francois&rft.au=Zelenitzky%2C+Darla+K.&rft.au=Brown%2C+Caleb+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyrannosaurinae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-paul1988-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-paul1988_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gregory_S._Paul" title="Gregory S. Paul">Paul, Gregory S.</a> (1988). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/predatorydinosau00paul/page/464"><i>Predatory Dinosaurs of the World</i></a></span>. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/predatorydinosau00paul/page/464">464pp</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-671-61946-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-671-61946-6"><bdi>978-0-671-61946-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Predatory+Dinosaurs+of+the+World&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=464pp&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-671-61946-6&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Gregory+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpredatorydinosau00paul%2Fpage%2F464&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyrannosaurinae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-paul2016-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-paul2016_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gregory_S._Paul" title="Gregory S. Paul">Paul, Gregory S.</a> (2016). <i>The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs</i>. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 360. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781400883141" title="Special:BookSources/9781400883141"><bdi>9781400883141</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Princeton+Field+Guide+to+Dinosaurs&rft.place=Princeton&rft.pages=360&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781400883141&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Gregory+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyrannosaurinae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Theropoda" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Theropoda" title="Template:Theropoda"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Theropoda" title="Template talk:Theropoda"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Theropoda" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Theropoda"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Theropoda" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Theropoda" title="Theropoda">Theropoda</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="*_Kingdom:_Animalia_*_Phylum:_Chordata_*_Class:_Sauropsida_*_Clade:_Avemetatarsalia_*_Clade:_Dinosauria" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;"> <ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li>Class: <a href="/wiki/Sauropsida" title="Sauropsida">Sauropsida</a></li> <li><i>Clade</i>: <a href="/wiki/Avemetatarsalia" title="Avemetatarsalia">Avemetatarsalia</a></li> <li><i>Clade</i>: <a href="/wiki/Dinosaur" title="Dinosaur">Dinosauria</a></li></ul> </span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Avemetatarsalia" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Avemetatarsalia" title="Avemetatarsalia">Avemetatarsalia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Avemetatarsalia" title="Template:Avemetatarsalia">Avemetatarsalia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Theropoda" title="Theropoda">Theropoda</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Theropoda" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Theropoda" title="Theropoda">Theropoda</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Theropoda" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-o-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Theropoda" title="Theropoda">Theropoda</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chindesaurus" title="Chindesaurus">Chindesaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daemonosaurus" title="Daemonosaurus">Daemonosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eodromaeus" title="Eodromaeus">Eodromaeus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Erythrovenator" title="Erythrovenator">Erythrovenator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guaibasaurus" title="Guaibasaurus">Guaibasaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nhandumirim" title="Nhandumirim">Nhandumirim</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tawa_hallae" title="Tawa hallae">Tawa</a></i>?</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Herrerasauridae" title="Herrerasauridae">Herrerasauria</a></b>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-o-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Neotheropoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Neotheropoda">Neotheropoda</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dilophosaurus" title="Dilophosaurus">Dilophosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dolichosuchus" title="Dolichosuchus">Dolichosuchus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dracovenator" title="Dracovenator">Dracovenator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gojirasaurus" title="Gojirasaurus">Gojirasaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lepidus_praecisio" title="Lepidus praecisio">Lepidus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liliensternus" title="Liliensternus">Liliensternus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lophostropheus" title="Lophostropheus">Lophostropheus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Notatesseraeraptor" title="Notatesseraeraptor">Notatesseraeraptor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sarcosaurus" title="Sarcosaurus">Sarcosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shuangbaisaurus" title="Shuangbaisaurus">Shuangbaisaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinosaurus" title="Sinosaurus">Sinosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tachiraptor" title="Tachiraptor">Tachiraptor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Velocipes" title="Velocipes">Velocipes</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zupaysaurus" title="Zupaysaurus">Zupaysaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coelophysoidea" title="Coelophysoidea">Coelophysoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dracoraptor" title="Dracoraptor">Dracoraptor</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Panguraptor" title="Panguraptor">Panguraptor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pendraig" title="Pendraig">Pendraig</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Podokesaurus" title="Podokesaurus">Podokesaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Powellvenator" title="Powellvenator">Powellvenator</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coelophysidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Coelophysidae">Coelophysidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Camposaurus" title="Camposaurus">Camposaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coelophysis" title="Coelophysis">Coelophysis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lucianovenator" title="Lucianovenator">Lucianovenator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Megapnosaurus" title="Megapnosaurus">Megapnosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Panguraptor" title="Panguraptor">Panguraptor</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Procompsognathus" title="Procompsognathus">Procompsognathus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pterospondylus" title="Pterospondylus">Pterospondylus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Segisaurus" title="Segisaurus">Segisaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Averostra" class="mw-redirect" title="Averostra">Averostra</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dubious neotheropods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Teinurosaurus" title="Teinurosaurus">Teinurosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Halticosaurus" title="Halticosaurus">Halticosaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><div style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coelophysis_Jeff_Martz_(flipped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coelophysis bauri"><img alt="Coelophysis bauri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Coelophysis_Jeff_Martz_%28flipped%29.jpg/140px-Coelophysis_Jeff_Martz_%28flipped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Coelophysis_Jeff_Martz_%28flipped%29.jpg/210px-Coelophysis_Jeff_Martz_%28flipped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Coelophysis_Jeff_Martz_%28flipped%29.jpg/280px-Coelophysis_Jeff_Martz_%28flipped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="2105" /></a></span></div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dilophosaurus_wetherilli.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="Dilophosaurus wetherilli"><img alt="Dilophosaurus wetherilli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Dilophosaurus_wetherilli.PNG/140px-Dilophosaurus_wetherilli.PNG" decoding="async" width="140" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Dilophosaurus_wetherilli.PNG/210px-Dilophosaurus_wetherilli.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Dilophosaurus_wetherilli.PNG/280px-Dilophosaurus_wetherilli.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1098" data-file-height="385" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Averostra" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Averostra" class="mw-redirect" title="Averostra">Averostra</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Averostra" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-o-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Averostra" class="mw-redirect" title="Averostra">Averostra</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dornraptor" title="Dornraptor">Dornraptor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lophostropheus" title="Lophostropheus">Lophostropheus</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-o-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Ceratosauria" title="Ceratosauria">Ceratosauria</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Berberosaurus" title="Berberosaurus">Berberosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fosterovenator" title="Fosterovenator">Fosterovenator</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jubbulpuria" title="Jubbulpuria">Jubbulpuria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lukousaurus" title="Lukousaurus">Lukousaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saltriovenator" title="Saltriovenator">Saltriovenator</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ceratosauridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceratosauridae">Ceratosauridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ceratosaurus" title="Ceratosaurus">Ceratosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Genyodectes" title="Genyodectes">Genyodectes</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-o-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Abelisauroidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Abelisauroidea">Abelisauroidea</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Betasuchus" title="Betasuchus">Betasuchus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lametasaurus" title="Lametasaurus">Lametasaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ornithomimoides" title="Ornithomimoides">Ornithomimoides</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ozraptor" title="Ozraptor">Ozraptor</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Noasauridae" title="Noasauridae">Noasauridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Afromimus" title="Afromimus">Afromimus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Austrocheirus" title="Austrocheirus">Austrocheirus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Berthasaura" title="Berthasaura">Berthasaura</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Compsosuchus" title="Compsosuchus">Compsosuchus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dahalokely" title="Dahalokely">Dahalokely</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deltadromeus" title="Deltadromeus">Deltadromeus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Genusaurus" title="Genusaurus">Genusaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kiyacursor" title="Kiyacursor">Kiyacursor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ligabueino" title="Ligabueino">Ligabueino</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spinostropheus" title="Spinostropheus">Spinostropheus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elaphrosaurinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Elaphrosaurinae">Elaphrosaurinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Elaphrosaurus" title="Elaphrosaurus">Elaphrosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Huinculsaurus" title="Huinculsaurus">Huinculsaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Limusaurus" title="Limusaurus">Limusaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Noasaurinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Noasaurinae">Noasaurinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Laevisuchus" title="Laevisuchus">Laevisuchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Masiakasaurus" title="Masiakasaurus">Masiakasaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Noasaurus" title="Noasaurus">Noasaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Velocisaurus" title="Velocisaurus">Velocisaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vespersaurus" title="Vespersaurus">Vespersaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-o-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Abelisauridae" title="Abelisauridae">Abelisauridae</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chenanisaurus" title="Chenanisaurus">Chenanisaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dryptosauroides" title="Dryptosauroides">Dryptosauroides</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eoabelisaurus" title="Eoabelisaurus">Eoabelisaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Indosuchus" title="Indosuchus">Indosuchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kryptops" title="Kryptops">Kryptops</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kurupi_itaata" title="Kurupi itaata">Kurupi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rugops" title="Rugops">Rugops</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spectrovenator" title="Spectrovenator">Spectrovenator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tarascosaurus" title="Tarascosaurus">Tarascosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tralkasaurus" title="Tralkasaurus">Tralkasaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xenotarsosaurus" title="Xenotarsosaurus">Xenotarsosaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Majungasaurinae" title="Majungasaurinae">Majungasaurinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arcovenator" title="Arcovenator">Arcovenator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dahalokely" title="Dahalokely">Dahalokely</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Genusaurus" title="Genusaurus">Genusaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Indosaurus" title="Indosaurus">Indosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Majungasaurus" title="Majungasaurus">Majungasaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rahiolisaurus" title="Rahiolisaurus">Rahiolisaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rajasaurus" title="Rajasaurus">Rajasaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Carnotaurinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnotaurinae">Carnotaurinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Majungasaurinae" title="Majungasaurinae">Majungasaurinae</a></b>?</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Brachyrostra" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Brachyrostra" title="Brachyrostra">Brachyrostra</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dahalokely" title="Dahalokely">Dahalokely</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ekrixinatosaurus" title="Ekrixinatosaurus">Ekrixinatosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elemgasem" title="Elemgasem">Elemgasem</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guemesia" title="Guemesia">Guemesia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ilokelesia" title="Ilokelesia">Ilokelesia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Llukalkan" title="Llukalkan">Llukalkan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Niebla_antiqua" title="Niebla antiqua">Niebla</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rahiolisaurus" title="Rahiolisaurus">Rahiolisaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Skorpiovenator" title="Skorpiovenator">Skorpiovenator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thanos_simonattoi" title="Thanos simonattoi">Thanos</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Furileusauria" class="mw-redirect" title="Furileusauria">Furileusauria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abelisaurus" title="Abelisaurus">Abelisaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aucasaurus" title="Aucasaurus">Aucasaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Caletodraco" title="Caletodraco">Caletodraco</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carnotaurus" title="Carnotaurus">Carnotaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elemgasem" title="Elemgasem">Elemgasem</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Koleken" title="Koleken">Koleken</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pycnonemosaurus" title="Pycnonemosaurus">Pycnonemosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quilmesaurus" title="Quilmesaurus">Quilmesaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Viavenator" title="Viavenator">Viavenator</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Tetanurae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tetanurae" title="Tetanurae">Tetanurae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><div style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ceratosaurus_nasicornis_DB.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ceratosaurus nasicornis"><img alt="Ceratosaurus nasicornis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Ceratosaurus_nasicornis_DB.jpg/140px-Ceratosaurus_nasicornis_DB.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Ceratosaurus_nasicornis_DB.jpg/210px-Ceratosaurus_nasicornis_DB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Ceratosaurus_nasicornis_DB.jpg/280px-Ceratosaurus_nasicornis_DB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="939" data-file-height="334" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Limusaurus_runner_(flipped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Limusaurus inextricabilis"><img alt="Limusaurus inextricabilis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Limusaurus_runner_%28flipped%29.jpg/140px-Limusaurus_runner_%28flipped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Limusaurus_runner_%28flipped%29.jpg/210px-Limusaurus_runner_%28flipped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Limusaurus_runner_%28flipped%29.jpg/280px-Limusaurus_runner_%28flipped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3474" data-file-height="1496" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rajasaurus_restoration.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rajasaurus narmadensis"><img alt="Rajasaurus narmadensis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Rajasaurus_restoration.jpg/140px-Rajasaurus_restoration.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Rajasaurus_restoration.jpg/210px-Rajasaurus_restoration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Rajasaurus_restoration.jpg/280px-Rajasaurus_restoration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="680" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aucasaurus_garridoi_by_Paleocolour.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aucasaurus garridoi"><img alt="Aucasaurus garridoi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Aucasaurus_garridoi_by_Paleocolour.jpg/140px-Aucasaurus_garridoi_by_Paleocolour.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Aucasaurus_garridoi_by_Paleocolour.jpg/210px-Aucasaurus_garridoi_by_Paleocolour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Aucasaurus_garridoi_by_Paleocolour.jpg/280px-Aucasaurus_garridoi_by_Paleocolour.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="564" /></a></span></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Tetanurae" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tetanurae" title="Tetanurae">Tetanurae</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Tetanurae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-o-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Tetanurae" title="Tetanurae">Tetanurae</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Calamospondylus" title="Calamospondylus">Calamospondylus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chienkosaurus" title="Chienkosaurus">Chienkosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chilesaurus" title="Chilesaurus">Chilesaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chuandongocoelurus" title="Chuandongocoelurus">Chuandongocoelurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cruxicheiros" title="Cruxicheiros">Cruxicheiros</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cryolophosaurus" title="Cryolophosaurus">Cryolophosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kaijiangosaurus" title="Kaijiangosaurus">Kaijiangosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kayentavenator" title="Kayentavenator">Kayentavenator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monolophosaurus" title="Monolophosaurus">Monolophosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pandoravenator" title="Pandoravenator">Pandoravenator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinosaurus" title="Sinosaurus">Sinosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Szechuanosaurus" title="Szechuanosaurus">Szechuanosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vectaerovenator" title="Vectaerovenator">Vectaerovenator</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-o-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Orionides" class="mw-redirect" title="Orionides">Orionides</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Megalosauroidea" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-o-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Megalosauroidea" title="Megalosauroidea">Megalosauroidea</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Yunyangosaurus" title="Yunyangosaurus">Yunyangosaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Piatnitzkysauridae" title="Piatnitzkysauridae">Piatnitzkysauridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Condorraptor" title="Condorraptor">Condorraptor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marshosaurus" title="Marshosaurus">Marshosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Piatnitzkysaurus" title="Piatnitzkysaurus">Piatnitzkysaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xuanhanosaurus" title="Xuanhanosaurus">Xuanhanosaurus</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-o-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Megalosauria" class="mw-redirect" title="Megalosauria">Megalosauria</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Streptospondylus" title="Streptospondylus">Streptospondylus</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Megalosauridae" title="Megalosauridae">Megalosauridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Eustreptospondylus" title="Eustreptospondylus">Eustreptospondylus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Megalosaurinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Megalosaurinae">Megalosaurinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Duriavenator" title="Duriavenator">Duriavenator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Megalosaurus" title="Megalosaurus">Megalosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Torvosaurus" title="Torvosaurus">Torvosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wiehenvenator" title="Wiehenvenator">Wiehenvenator</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Afrovenatorinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrovenatorinae">Afrovenatorinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Afrovenator" title="Afrovenator">Afrovenator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dubreuillosaurus" title="Dubreuillosaurus">Dubreuillosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leshansaurus" title="Leshansaurus">Leshansaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magnosaurus" title="Magnosaurus">Magnosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Piveteausaurus" title="Piveteausaurus">Piveteausaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Poekilopleuron" title="Poekilopleuron">Poekilopleuron</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-o-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Spinosauridae" title="Spinosauridae">Spinosauridae</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Camarillasaurus" title="Camarillasaurus">Camarillasaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cristatusaurus" title="Cristatusaurus">Cristatusaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iberospinus" title="Iberospinus">Iberospinus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ostafrikasaurus" title="Ostafrikasaurus">Ostafrikasaurus</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baryonychinae" title="Baryonychinae">Baryonychinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Baryonyx" title="Baryonyx">Baryonyx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Protathlitis" title="Protathlitis">Protathlitis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Riojavenatrix" title="Riojavenatrix">Riojavenatrix</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Suchosaurus" title="Suchosaurus">Suchosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vallibonavenatrix" title="Vallibonavenatrix">Vallibonavenatrix</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ceratosuchopsini" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceratosuchopsini">Ceratosuchopsini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ceratosuchops" title="Ceratosuchops">Ceratosuchops</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Riparovenator" title="Riparovenator">Riparovenator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Suchomimus" title="Suchomimus">Suchomimus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spinosaurinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Spinosaurinae">Spinosaurinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Camarillasaurus" title="Camarillasaurus">Camarillasaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ichthyovenator" title="Ichthyovenator">Ichthyovenator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Irritator" title="Irritator">Irritator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oxalaia" title="Oxalaia">Oxalaia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siamosaurus" title="Siamosaurus">Siamosaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spinosaurini" class="mw-redirect" title="Spinosaurini">Spinosaurini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sigilmassasaurus" title="Sigilmassasaurus">Sigilmassasaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spinosaurus" title="Spinosaurus">Spinosaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Avetheropoda" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Avetheropoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Avetheropoda">Avetheropoda</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><div style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Piatnitzkysaurus_floresi_by_Paleocolour.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Piatnitzkysaurus floresi"><img alt="Piatnitzkysaurus floresi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Piatnitzkysaurus_floresi_by_Paleocolour.jpg/140px-Piatnitzkysaurus_floresi_by_Paleocolour.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Piatnitzkysaurus_floresi_by_Paleocolour.jpg/210px-Piatnitzkysaurus_floresi_by_Paleocolour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Piatnitzkysaurus_floresi_by_Paleocolour.jpg/280px-Piatnitzkysaurus_floresi_by_Paleocolour.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="589" /></a></span></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Torvosaurus_tanneri_Reconstruction_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Torvosaurus tanneri"><img alt="Torvosaurus tanneri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Torvosaurus_tanneri_Reconstruction_%28cropped%29.png/140px-Torvosaurus_tanneri_Reconstruction_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Torvosaurus_tanneri_Reconstruction_%28cropped%29.png/210px-Torvosaurus_tanneri_Reconstruction_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Torvosaurus_tanneri_Reconstruction_%28cropped%29.png/280px-Torvosaurus_tanneri_Reconstruction_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1842" data-file-height="576" /></a></span> </p> <div style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spinosaurus_aegyptiacus.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Spinosaurus aegyptiacus"><img alt="Spinosaurus aegyptiacus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Spinosaurus_aegyptiacus.png/140px-Spinosaurus_aegyptiacus.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Spinosaurus_aegyptiacus.png/210px-Spinosaurus_aegyptiacus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Spinosaurus_aegyptiacus.png/280px-Spinosaurus_aegyptiacus.png 2x" data-file-width="4485" data-file-height="2764" /></a></span></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Avetheropoda" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Avetheropoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Avetheropoda">Avetheropoda</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Avetheropoda" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-o-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Avetheropoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Avetheropoda">Avetheropoda</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gasosaurus" title="Gasosaurus">Gasosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lourinhanosaurus" title="Lourinhanosaurus">Lourinhanosaurus</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-o-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Carnosauria" title="Carnosauria">Carnosauria</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Altispinax" title="Altispinax">Altispinax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monolophosaurus" title="Monolophosaurus">Monolophosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Megalosauridae" title="Megalosauridae">Megalosauridae</a></b>?</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Spinosauridae" title="Spinosauridae">Spinosauridae</a></b>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-o-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Allosauroidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Allosauroidea">Allosauroidea</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Asfaltovenator" title="Asfaltovenator">Asfaltovenator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Erectopus" title="Erectopus">Erectopus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xuanhanosaurus" title="Xuanhanosaurus">Xuanhanosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Piatnitzkysauridae" title="Piatnitzkysauridae">Piatnitzkysauridae</a></b>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metriacanthosauridae" title="Metriacanthosauridae">Metriacanthosauridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Xuanhanosaurus" title="Xuanhanosaurus">Xuanhanosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yangchuanosaurus" title="Yangchuanosaurus">Yangchuanosaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metriacanthosaurinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Metriacanthosaurinae">Metriacanthosaurinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alpkarakush" title="Alpkarakush">Alpkarakush</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Metriacanthosaurus" title="Metriacanthosaurus">Metriacanthosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shidaisaurus" title="Shidaisaurus">Shidaisaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siamotyrannus" title="Siamotyrannus">Siamotyrannus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinraptor" title="Sinraptor">Sinraptor</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-o-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Allosauria" class="mw-redirect" title="Allosauria">Allosauria</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Allosauridae" title="Allosauridae">Allosauridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Allosaurus" title="Allosaurus">Allosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Antrodemus" title="Antrodemus">Antrodemus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epanterias" title="Epanterias">Epanterias</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saurophaganax" title="Saurophaganax">Saurophaganax</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Carcharodontosauria" class="mw-redirect" title="Carcharodontosauria">Carcharodontosauria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Datanglong" title="Datanglong">Datanglong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lusovenator" title="Lusovenator">Lusovenator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siamraptor" title="Siamraptor">Siamraptor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siats" title="Siats">Siats</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ulughbegsaurus" title="Ulughbegsaurus">Ulughbegsaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Veterupristisaurus" title="Veterupristisaurus">Veterupristisaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neovenatoridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Neovenatoridae">Neovenatoridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chilantaisaurus" title="Chilantaisaurus">Chilantaisaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gualicho" title="Gualicho">Gualicho</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neovenator" title="Neovenator">Neovenator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siats" title="Siats">Siats</a></i>?</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Megaraptora" title="Megaraptora">Megaraptora</a></b>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Carcharodontosauridae" title="Carcharodontosauridae">Carcharodontosauridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acrocanthosaurus" title="Acrocanthosaurus">Acrocanthosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Altispinax" title="Altispinax">Altispinax</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Concavenator" title="Concavenator">Concavenator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eocarcharia" title="Eocarcharia">Eocarcharia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kelmayisaurus" title="Kelmayisaurus">Kelmayisaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lajasvenator" title="Lajasvenator">Lajasvenator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sauroniops" title="Sauroniops">Sauroniops</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shaochilong" title="Shaochilong">Shaochilong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ulughbegsaurus" title="Ulughbegsaurus">Ulughbegsaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Veterupristisaurus" title="Veterupristisaurus">Veterupristisaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Carcharodontosaurinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Carcharodontosaurinae">Carcharodontosaurinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Carcharodontosaurus" title="Carcharodontosaurus">Carcharodontosaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Giganotosaurini" class="mw-redirect" title="Giganotosaurini">Giganotosaurini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Giganotosaurus" title="Giganotosaurus">Giganotosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mapusaurus" title="Mapusaurus">Mapusaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meraxes" title="Meraxes">Meraxes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taurovenator" title="Taurovenator">Taurovenator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tyrannotitan" title="Tyrannotitan">Tyrannotitan</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Megaraptora" title="Megaraptora">Megaraptora</a>?</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aoniraptor" title="Aoniraptor">Aoniraptor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahariasaurus" title="Bahariasaurus">Bahariasaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deltadromeus" title="Deltadromeus">Deltadromeus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fukuiraptor" title="Fukuiraptor">Fukuiraptor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phuwiangvenator" title="Phuwiangvenator">Phuwiangvenator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rapator" title="Rapator">Rapator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siats" title="Siats">Siats</a>?</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chilantaisaurus" title="Chilantaisaurus">Chilantaisaurus</a>?</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Megaraptoridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Megaraptoridae">Megaraptoridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aerosteon" title="Aerosteon">Aerosteon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Australovenator" title="Australovenator">Australovenator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maip" title="Maip">Maip</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Megaraptor" title="Megaraptor">Megaraptor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Murusraptor" title="Murusraptor">Murusraptor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orkoraptor" title="Orkoraptor">Orkoraptor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tratayenia" title="Tratayenia">Tratayenia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coelurosauria" title="Coelurosauria">Coelurosauria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Xuanhanosaurus_qilixiaensis.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Xuanhanosaurus qilixiaensis"><img alt="Xuanhanosaurus qilixiaensis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Xuanhanosaurus_qilixiaensis.png/140px-Xuanhanosaurus_qilixiaensis.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Xuanhanosaurus_qilixiaensis.png/210px-Xuanhanosaurus_qilixiaensis.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Xuanhanosaurus_qilixiaensis.png/280px-Xuanhanosaurus_qilixiaensis.png 2x" data-file-width="5602" data-file-height="2311" /></a></span> <div style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Allosaurus_Revised.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Allosaurus fragilis"><img alt="Allosaurus fragilis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Allosaurus_Revised.jpg/140px-Allosaurus_Revised.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Allosaurus_Revised.jpg/210px-Allosaurus_Revised.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Allosaurus_Revised.jpg/280px-Allosaurus_Revised.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4570" data-file-height="2093" /></a></span></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Neovenator.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Neovenator salerii"><img alt="Neovenator salerii" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Neovenator.png/140px-Neovenator.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Neovenator.png/210px-Neovenator.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Neovenator.png/280px-Neovenator.png 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carcharodontosaurus.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Carcharodontosaurus saharicus"><img alt="Carcharodontosaurus saharicus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Carcharodontosaurus.png/140px-Carcharodontosaurus.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Carcharodontosaurus.png/210px-Carcharodontosaurus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Carcharodontosaurus.png/280px-Carcharodontosaurus.png 2x" data-file-width="4057" data-file-height="1609" /></a></span> </p> <div style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Australovenator.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Australovenator wintonensis"><img alt="Australovenator wintonensis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Australovenator.jpg/140px-Australovenator.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Australovenator.jpg/210px-Australovenator.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Australovenator.jpg/280px-Australovenator.jpg 2x" data-file-width="937" data-file-height="328" /></a></span></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Coelurosauria" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Coelurosauria" title="Coelurosauria">Coelurosauria</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Coelurosauria" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-o-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Coelurosauria" title="Coelurosauria">Coelurosauria</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aratasaurus" title="Aratasaurus">Aratasaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Asiamericana" title="Asiamericana">Asiamericana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahariasaurus" title="Bahariasaurus">Bahariasaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bicentenaria" title="Bicentenaria">Bicentenaria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chilantaisaurus" title="Chilantaisaurus">Chilantaisaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gualicho" title="Gualicho">Gualicho</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Richardoestesia" title="Richardoestesia">Richardoestesia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sciurumimus" title="Sciurumimus">Sciurumimus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vayuraptor" title="Vayuraptor">Vayuraptor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xinjiangovenator" title="Xinjiangovenator">Xinjiangovenator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zuolong" title="Zuolong">Zuolong</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-o-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Tyrannoraptora" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyrannoraptora">Tyrannoraptora</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Tyrannosauroidea" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-o-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Tyrannosauroidea" title="Tyrannosauroidea">Tyrannosauroidea</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chingkankousaurus" title="Chingkankousaurus">Chingkankousaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Labocania" title="Labocania">Labocania</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coeluridae" title="Coeluridae">Coeluridae</a>?</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Coelurus" title="Coelurus">Coelurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tanycolagreus" title="Tanycolagreus">Tanycolagreus</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proceratosauridae" title="Proceratosauridae">Proceratosauridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Guanlong" title="Guanlong">Guanlong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kileskus" title="Kileskus">Kileskus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proceratosaurus" title="Proceratosaurus">Proceratosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinotyrannus" title="Sinotyrannus">Sinotyrannus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yutyrannus" title="Yutyrannus">Yutyrannus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-o-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Pantyrannosauria" class="mw-redirect" title="Pantyrannosauria">Pantyrannosauria</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alectrosaurus" title="Alectrosaurus">Alectrosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aviatyrannis" title="Aviatyrannis">Aviatyrannis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bagaraatan" title="Bagaraatan">Bagaraatan</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dilong_paradoxus" title="Dilong paradoxus">Dilong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eotyrannus" title="Eotyrannus">Eotyrannus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jinbeisaurus" title="Jinbeisaurus">Jinbeisaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juratyrant" title="Juratyrant">Juratyrant</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moros_intrepidus" title="Moros intrepidus">Moros</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Santanaraptor" title="Santanaraptor">Santanaraptor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stokesosaurus" title="Stokesosaurus">Stokesosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Suskityrannus" title="Suskityrannus">Suskityrannus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Timimus" title="Timimus">Timimus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Timurlengia" title="Timurlengia">Timurlengia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xiongguanlong" title="Xiongguanlong">Xiongguanlong</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Megaraptora" title="Megaraptora">Megaraptora</a></b>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-o-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Eutyrannosauria" class="mw-redirect" title="Eutyrannosauria">Eutyrannosauria</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Appalachiosaurus" title="Appalachiosaurus">Appalachiosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bistahieversor" title="Bistahieversor">Bistahieversor</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dryptosaurus" title="Dryptosaurus">Dryptosaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-o-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Tyrannosauridae" title="Tyrannosauridae">Tyrannosauridae</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Albertosaurinae" title="Albertosaurinae">Albertosaurinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Albertosaurus" title="Albertosaurus">Albertosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gorgosaurus" title="Gorgosaurus">Gorgosaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tyrannosaurinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Asiatyrannus" title="Asiatyrannus">Asiatyrannus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nanuqsaurus" title="Nanuqsaurus">Nanuqsaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alioramini" title="Alioramini">Alioramini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alioramus" title="Alioramus">Alioramus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qianzhousaurus" title="Qianzhousaurus">Qianzhousaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Daspletosaurini" title="Daspletosaurini">Daspletosaurini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Daspletosaurus" title="Daspletosaurus">Daspletosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thanatotheristes" title="Thanatotheristes">Thanatotheristes</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Teratophoneini" class="mw-redirect" title="Teratophoneini">Teratophoneini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bistahieversor" title="Bistahieversor">Bistahieversor</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dynamoterror" title="Dynamoterror">Dynamoterror</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Labocania" title="Labocania">Labocania</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lythronax" title="Lythronax">Lythronax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Teratophoneus" title="Teratophoneus">Teratophoneus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tyrannosaurini" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyrannosaurini">Tyrannosaurini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tarbosaurus" title="Tarbosaurus">Tarbosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tyrannosaurus" title="Tyrannosaurus">Tyrannosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zhuchengtyrannus" title="Zhuchengtyrannus">Zhuchengtyrannus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Maniraptoromorpha" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maniraptoromorpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Maniraptoromorpha">Maniraptoromorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dubious_coelurosaurs" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dubious coelurosaurs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Iliosuchus" title="Iliosuchus">Iliosuchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kakuru" title="Kakuru">Kakuru</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phaedrolosaurus" title="Phaedrolosaurus">Phaedrolosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shanyangosaurus" title="Shanyangosaurus">Shanyangosaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zuolong_salleei.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zuolong salleei"><img alt="Zuolong salleei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Zuolong_salleei.jpg/140px-Zuolong_salleei.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Zuolong_salleei.jpg/210px-Zuolong_salleei.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Zuolong_salleei.jpg/280px-Zuolong_salleei.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2735" data-file-height="1431" /></a></span> <div style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stokesosaurus_by_Tom_Parker.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Stokesosaurus clevelandi"><img alt="Stokesosaurus clevelandi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Stokesosaurus_by_Tom_Parker.png/140px-Stokesosaurus_by_Tom_Parker.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Stokesosaurus_by_Tom_Parker.png/210px-Stokesosaurus_by_Tom_Parker.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Stokesosaurus_by_Tom_Parker.png/280px-Stokesosaurus_by_Tom_Parker.png 2x" data-file-width="2262" data-file-height="867" /></a></span></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alioramus_Life_Restoration.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alioramus remotus"><img alt="Alioramus remotus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Alioramus_Life_Restoration.jpg/140px-Alioramus_Life_Restoration.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Alioramus_Life_Restoration.jpg/210px-Alioramus_Life_Restoration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Alioramus_Life_Restoration.jpg/280px-Alioramus_Life_Restoration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3548" data-file-height="2009" /></a></span> </p> <div style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tarbosaurus_Steveoc86_flipped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tarbosaurus bataar"><img alt="Tarbosaurus bataar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Tarbosaurus_Steveoc86_flipped.jpg/140px-Tarbosaurus_Steveoc86_flipped.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Tarbosaurus_Steveoc86_flipped.jpg/210px-Tarbosaurus_Steveoc86_flipped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Tarbosaurus_Steveoc86_flipped.jpg/280px-Tarbosaurus_Steveoc86_flipped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="366" /></a></span></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Maniraptoromorpha" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Maniraptoromorpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Maniraptoromorpha">Maniraptoromorpha</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Maniraptoromorpha" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-o-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Maniraptoromorpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Maniraptoromorpha">Maniraptoromorpha</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Coelurus" title="Coelurus">Coelurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juravenator" title="Juravenator">Juravenator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ornitholestes" title="Ornitholestes">Ornitholestes</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-o-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Neocoelurosauria" class="mw-redirect" title="Neocoelurosauria">Neocoelurosauria</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aniksosaurus" title="Aniksosaurus">Aniksosaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Compsognathidae" title="Compsognathidae">Compsognathidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aniksosaurus" title="Aniksosaurus">Aniksosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aristosuchus" title="Aristosuchus">Aristosuchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beipiaognathus" title="Beipiaognathus">Beipiaognathus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Compsognathus" title="Compsognathus">Compsognathus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Huaxiagnathus" title="Huaxiagnathus">Huaxiagnathus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mirischia" title="Mirischia">Mirischia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scipionyx" title="Scipionyx">Scipionyx</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinocalliopteryx" title="Sinocalliopteryx">Sinocalliopteryx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinosauropteryx" title="Sinosauropteryx">Sinosauropteryx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xunmenglong" title="Xunmenglong">Xunmenglong</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-o-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Maniraptoriformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Maniraptoriformes">Maniraptoriformes</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Compsognathidae" title="Compsognathidae">Compsognathidae</a></b>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ornithomimosauria" title="Ornithomimosauria">Ornithomimosauria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arkansaurus" title="Arkansaurus">Arkansaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aviatyrannis" title="Aviatyrannis">Aviatyrannis</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Calamosaurus" title="Calamosaurus">Calamosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hexing" title="Hexing">Hexing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kinnareemimus" title="Kinnareemimus">Kinnareemimus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nedcolbertia" title="Nedcolbertia">Nedcolbertia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nqwebasaurus" title="Nqwebasaurus">Nqwebasaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thecocoelurus" title="Thecocoelurus">Thecocoelurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Valdoraptor" title="Valdoraptor">Valdoraptor</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Macrocheiriformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Macrocheiriformes">Macrocheiriformes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Harpymimus" title="Harpymimus">Harpymimus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pelecanimimus" title="Pelecanimimus">Pelecanimimus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shenzhousaurus" title="Shenzhousaurus">Shenzhousaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deinocheiridae" title="Deinocheiridae">Deinocheiridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Beishanlong" title="Beishanlong">Beishanlong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deinocheirus" title="Deinocheirus">Deinocheirus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Garudimimus" title="Garudimimus">Garudimimus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Harpymimus" title="Harpymimus">Harpymimus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paraxenisaurus" title="Paraxenisaurus">Paraxenisaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tyrannomimus" title="Tyrannomimus">Tyrannomimus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ornithomimidae" title="Ornithomimidae">Ornithomimidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aepyornithomimus" title="Aepyornithomimus">Aepyornithomimus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anserimimus" title="Anserimimus">Anserimimus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Archaeornithomimus" title="Archaeornithomimus">Archaeornithomimus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%22Coelosaurus%22_antiquus" title=""Coelosaurus" antiquus">"Coelosaurus"</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dromiceiomimus" title="Dromiceiomimus">Dromiceiomimus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gallimimus" title="Gallimimus">Gallimimus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ornithomimus" title="Ornithomimus">Ornithomimus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qiupalong" title="Qiupalong">Qiupalong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rativates" title="Rativates">Rativates</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinornithomimus" title="Sinornithomimus">Sinornithomimus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Struthiomimus" title="Struthiomimus">Struthiomimus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tototlmimus" title="Tototlmimus">Tototlmimus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maniraptora" title="Maniraptora">Maniraptora</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Maniraptora" title="Template:Maniraptora">Maniraptora</a></li> <li>includes <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">birds</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><div style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sinosauropteryx_color_(without_scale_bar).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sinosauropteryx prima"><img alt="Sinosauropteryx prima" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Sinosauropteryx_color_%28without_scale_bar%29.jpg/140px-Sinosauropteryx_color_%28without_scale_bar%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Sinosauropteryx_color_%28without_scale_bar%29.jpg/210px-Sinosauropteryx_color_%28without_scale_bar%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Sinosauropteryx_color_%28without_scale_bar%29.jpg/280px-Sinosauropteryx_color_%28without_scale_bar%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1345" data-file-height="380" /></a></span></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Deinocheirus_NT.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Deinocheirus mirificus"><img alt="Deinocheirus mirificus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Deinocheirus_NT.png/130px-Deinocheirus_NT.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Deinocheirus_NT.png/195px-Deinocheirus_NT.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Deinocheirus_NT.png/260px-Deinocheirus_NT.png 2x" data-file-width="753" data-file-height="382" /></a></span> </p> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Qiupalong_Restoration.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Qiupalong henanensis"><img alt="Qiupalong henanensis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Qiupalong_Restoration.png/130px-Qiupalong_Restoration.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Qiupalong_Restoration.png/195px-Qiupalong_Restoration.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Qiupalong_Restoration.png/260px-Qiupalong_Restoration.png 2x" data-file-width="5177" data-file-height="2829" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Tyrannosaurinae</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2073980" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q2073980">Q2073980</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Tyrannosaurinae" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Tyrannosaurinae">Tyrannosaurinae</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65352">65352</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐vqclb Cached time: 20241124123355 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.612 seconds Real time usage: 1.845 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 20700/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 754629/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 32180/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 22/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 213033/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 1.041/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7943185/52428800 bytes Lua Profile: ? 340 ms 28.8% recursiveClone <mwInit.lua:45> 160 ms 13.6% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction 160 ms 13.6% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument 120 ms 10.2% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::expandTemplate 100 ms 8.5% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntity 40 ms 3.4% [main chunk] <package.lua> 40 ms 3.4% chunk <Module:Citation/CS1> 20 ms 1.7% is_generic <Module:Citation/CS1:1497> 20 ms 1.7% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub 20 ms 1.7% [others] 160 ms 13.6% Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 3/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1569.418 1 -total 38.77% 608.399 1 Template:Automatic_taxobox 32.50% 510.031 22 Template:Clade 30.17% 473.472 60 Template:Navbox 28.22% 442.850 1 Template:Reflist 21.78% 341.881 33 Template:Cite_journal 15.55% 244.087 1 Template:Theropoda 15.28% 239.766 1 Template:Navbox_with_collapsible_subgroups 9.95% 156.127 1 Template:Fossil_range 9.34% 146.617 1 Template:Phanerozoic_220px --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:9430305-0!canonical and timestamp 20241124123355 and revision id 1257409275. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tyrannosaurinae&oldid=1257409275">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tyrannosaurinae&oldid=1257409275</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tyrannosaurids" title="Category:Tyrannosaurids">Tyrannosaurids</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dinosaurs_of_North_America" title="Category:Dinosaurs of North America">Dinosaurs of North America</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cretaceous_dinosaurs" title="Category:Cretaceous dinosaurs">Cretaceous dinosaurs</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Russian-language_sources_(ru)" title="Category:CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)">CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Chinese-language_sources_(zh)" title="Category:CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh)">CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_%27species%27_microformats" title="Category:Articles with 'species' microformats">Articles with 'species' microformats</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 14 November 2024, at 19:40<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tyrannosaurinae&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-74cc59cb9d-xwkn2","wgBackendResponseTime":152,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.612","walltime":"1.845","ppvisitednodes":{"value":20700,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":754629,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":32180,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":22,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":3,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":213033,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":3,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1569.418 1 -total"," 38.77% 608.399 1 Template:Automatic_taxobox"," 32.50% 510.031 22 Template:Clade"," 30.17% 473.472 60 Template:Navbox"," 28.22% 442.850 1 Template:Reflist"," 21.78% 341.881 33 Template:Cite_journal"," 15.55% 244.087 1 Template:Theropoda"," 15.28% 239.766 1 Template:Navbox_with_collapsible_subgroups"," 9.95% 156.127 1 Template:Fossil_range"," 9.34% 146.617 1 Template:Phanerozoic_220px"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.041","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7943185,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-profile":[["?","340","28.8"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","160","13.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","160","13.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","120","10.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::expandTemplate","100","8.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntity","40","3.4"],["[main chunk] \u003Cpackage.lua\u003E","40","3.4"],["chunk \u003CModule:Citation/CS1\u003E","20","1.7"],["is_generic \u003CModule:Citation/CS1:1497\u003E","20","1.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","20","1.7"],["[others]","160","13.6"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-vqclb","timestamp":"20241124123355","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Tyrannosaurinae","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tyrannosaurinae","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2073980","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2073980","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-02-10T23:02:44Z","dateModified":"2024-11-14T19:40:40Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/ab\/Alioramus_remotus_Skull.jpg","headline":"subfamily of reptiles (fossil)"}</script> </body> </html>