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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Multiple units</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Multiple_units-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Multiple units subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Multiple_units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First-generation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First-generation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>First-generation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First-generation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second-generation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second-generation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Second-generation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second-generation-sublist" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about train operations in Great Britain. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Multiple-unit_train_control" title="Multiple-unit train control">Multiple-unit train control</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Several locomotives running with a single driver</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Multiple_working_equipment_on_40135.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Multiple_working_equipment_on_40135.jpg/220px-Multiple_working_equipment_on_40135.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Multiple_working_equipment_on_40135.jpg/330px-Multiple_working_equipment_on_40135.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Multiple_working_equipment_on_40135.jpg/440px-Multiple_working_equipment_on_40135.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1184" data-file-height="1155" /></a><figcaption>Blue Star multiple working equipment on a <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_40" title="British Rail Class 40">Class 40</a> locomotive</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:E6016_and_33102_at_Cheddleton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/E6016_and_33102_at_Cheddleton.jpg/220px-E6016_and_33102_at_Cheddleton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/E6016_and_33102_at_Cheddleton.jpg/330px-E6016_and_33102_at_Cheddleton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/E6016_and_33102_at_Cheddleton.jpg/440px-E6016_and_33102_at_Cheddleton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_73" title="British Rail Class 73">Class 73</a> and a <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_33" title="British Rail Class 33">Class 33</a> locomotive being coupled for multiple working</figcaption></figure> <p>On the <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Great_Britain" title="Rail transport in Great Britain">rail network in Great Britain</a>, <b>multiple working</b> is where two or more traction units (locomotives, <a href="/wiki/Diesel_multiple_unit" title="Diesel multiple unit">diesel multiple units</a> or <a href="/wiki/Electric_multiple_unit" title="Electric multiple unit">electric multiple units</a>) are coupled together in such a way that they are all under the control of one driver (<a href="/wiki/Multiple-unit_train_control" title="Multiple-unit train control">multiple-unit train control</a>). </p><p> If the front locomotive of a pair in multiple has failed the driver can still control the rear locomotive for as long as air and electricity supplies are available on the failed locomotive.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Many main-line diesel-electric and hydraulic locomotives are capable of running in multiples of up to three under the control of one driver</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>British Railways Diesel Traction Manual for Enginemen, <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>"In tandem" is when more than one diesel or electric locomotive are hauling a single train and under the control of a driver on each locomotive. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Locomotives">Locomotives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiple_working&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Locomotives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early days of diesel locomotives in the 1960s, locomotives worked within their class (i.e. two locomotives of the same class could work together but not with other classes). Locomotives from different manufacturers had varying methods of controlling engines or <a href="/wiki/Railway_brake" title="Railway brake">braking systems</a>. If a train required more than one locomotive, an additional <a href="/wiki/Train_driver" title="Train driver">driver</a> was needed, at extra expense. </p><p>Since then, locomotives have been built to work with other locomotives in the same code or system. Similar systems are assigned a <i>coupling code</i>, which is normally indicated on the front of the locomotive. </p><p>Early diesels were also fitted with communicating doors in the nose which allowed the <a href="/wiki/Secondman" title="Secondman">secondman</a> to access the <a href="/wiki/Steam_generator_(railroad)" title="Steam generator (railroad)">train heating boiler</a> of the rearmost locomotive. The doors actually saw little use and, as they frequently caused draughts in the cab, many of them were later welded shut. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Coupling code</th> <th>System</th> <th>Class of locomotives </th></tr> <tr> <td><span style="color:blue;">★</span> Blue Star </td> <td>Electro-pneumatic </td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_15" title="British Rail Class 15">Class 15</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_17" title="British Rail Class 17">Class 17</a> (Nos D8588–8616), <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_20" title="British Rail Class 20">Class 20</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_21_(NBL)" title="British Rail Class 21 (NBL)">Class 21</a> (Nos D6138-6157), <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_24" title="British Rail Class 24">Class 24</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_25" title="British Rail Class 25">Class 25</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_26" title="British Rail Class 26">Class 26</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_27" title="British Rail Class 27">Class 27</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_31" title="British Rail Class 31">Class 31/1</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_33" title="British Rail Class 33">Class 33</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_37" title="British Rail Class 37">Class 37</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_40" title="British Rail Class 40">Class 40</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_44" title="British Rail Class 44">Class 44</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_45" title="British Rail Class 45">Class 45</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_46" title="British Rail Class 46">Class 46</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_73" title="British Rail Class 73">Class 73</a> (under diesel power only), <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_74" title="British Rail Class 74">Class 74</a> (under diesel power only) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="color:red;">●</span> Red Circle </td> <td>Electro-magnetic </td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_16" title="British Rail Class 16">Class 16</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_21_(NBL)" title="British Rail Class 21 (NBL)">Class 21</a> (Nos D6100-6137), <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_28" title="British Rail Class 28">Class 28</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_29" title="British Rail Class 29">Class 29</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_31" title="British Rail Class 31">Class 31/0</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="color:green;">●</span> Green Circle </td> <td> </td> <td>Some <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_47" title="British Rail Class 47">Class 47s</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><span style="color:darkorange;">■</span> Orange Square </td> <td>Diesel hydraulic - 1st use </td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_22" title="British Rail Class 22">Class 22</a> (D6300 - 6305), <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_41_(Warship_Class)" title="British Rail Class 41 (Warship Class)">Class 41 (Warship Class)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Symbol re-used for different system</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_50" title="British Rail Class 50">Class 50</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><span style="color:red;">◆</span> Red Diamond </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_D16/1" title="British Rail Class D16/1">Class D16/1</a> (nos 10000/10001)<br /><a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_17" title="British Rail Class 17">Class 17</a> (D8500–D8587) </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Symbol re-used for different system</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_56" title="British Rail Class 56">Class 56</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_58" title="British Rail Class 58">Class 58</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><span style="color:white;">◆</span> White Diamond </td> <td>Diesel hydraulic </td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_22" title="British Rail Class 22">Class 22</a> (D6306 - 6357), <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_42" title="British Rail Class 42">Class 42</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_43_(Warship_Class)" title="British Rail Class 43 (Warship Class)">Class 43 (Warship Class)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><span style="color:yellow;">▲</span> Yellow Triangle </td> <td>Diesel hydraulic </td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_35" title="British Rail Class 35">Class 35</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>SR EMU System </td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_33" title="British Rail Class 33">Class 33/1</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_73" title="British Rail Class 73">Class 73</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_74" title="British Rail Class 74">Class 74</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Railways_Mark_1" class="mw-redirect" title="British Railways Mark 1">Mark One Electric Multiple Units</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_442" title="British Rail Class 442">Class 442</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_489" title="British Rail Class 489">Class 489</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">AC electric locomotives</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_87" title="British Rail Class 87">Class 87</a>, some <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_86" title="British Rail Class 86">Class 86s</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">Within own class only</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_43_(HST)" title="British Rail Class 43 (HST)">Class 43 (HST)</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_60" title="British Rail Class 60">Class 60</a>, some <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_68" title="British Rail Class 68">Class 68s</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Time-division_multiplexing" title="Time-division multiplexing">TDM System</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_86" title="British Rail Class 86">Class 86</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_87" title="British Rail Class 87">Class 87</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_89" title="British Rail Class 89">Class 89</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_90" title="British Rail Class 90">Class 90</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_91" title="British Rail Class 91">Class 91</a>, Push-Pull fitted <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_47" title="British Rail Class 47">Class 47</a>, <a href="/wiki/Driving_Brake_Standard_Open" title="Driving Brake Standard Open">DBSO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Driving_Van_Trailer" title="Driving Van Trailer">DVT</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_of_American_Railroads" title="Association of American Railroads">AAR</a> System <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_59" title="British Rail Class 59">59</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_66" title="British Rail Class 66">66</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_67" title="British Rail Class 67">67</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_68" title="British Rail Class 68">68</a> 008–015, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_69" title="British Rail Class 69">69</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_70_(diesel)" title="British Rail Class 70 (diesel)">70</a>, and <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_73" title="British Rail Class 73">73/9</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> plus several converted <a href="/wiki/Driving_Van_Trailer" title="Driving Van Trailer">DVTs</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Multiple_units">Multiple units</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiple_working&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Multiple units"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Multiple_unit" title="Multiple unit">Multiple unit</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First-generation">First-generation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiple_working&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: First-generation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wessex_Trains_DMU_150266_-_153xxx.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Wessex_Trains_DMU_150266_-_153xxx.jpg/220px-Wessex_Trains_DMU_150266_-_153xxx.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Wessex_Trains_DMU_150266_-_153xxx.jpg/330px-Wessex_Trains_DMU_150266_-_153xxx.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Wessex_Trains_DMU_150266_-_153xxx.jpg/440px-Wessex_Trains_DMU_150266_-_153xxx.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_153" title="British Rail Class 153">Class 153</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_150" title="British Rail Class 150">Class 150</a> working in multiple</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_Rail_diesel_multiple_unit_classes#1st_generation_"heritage"_DMUs" title="List of British Rail diesel multiple unit classes">First-generation</a> diesel multiple units had the additional problem of differing types of <a href="/wiki/Transmission_(mechanics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transmission (mechanics)">transmission</a>. For instance, a <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_127" title="British Rail Class 127">Class 127</a> unit (<a href="/wiki/Hydrokinetic_transmission" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrokinetic transmission">hydraulic transmission</a>) could be required to work in multiple with a <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_112" class="mw-redirect" title="British Rail Class 112">Class 112</a> unit (<a href="/wiki/Mechanical_transmission" class="mw-redirect" title="Mechanical transmission">mechanical transmission</a>). For this reason, the drive selector on the Class 127 was fitted with positions marked "D, 3, 2, 1" to change the gears when working in formation with vehicles with mechanical transmission.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, because of damage to mechanical transmissions caused by improper gear selection on coupled hydraulic units, the Class 127 units had their coupling code changed from Blue Square to Red Triangle, which differed from Blue Square in name only and was unrelated to an earlier Red Triangle code used for the <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Derby_Lightweight" title="British Rail Derby Lightweight">Derby Lightweight</a> hydraulics.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>First-generation DMU coupling codes: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Coupling code </th> <th>Class </th></tr> <tr> <td><span style="color:blue;">■</span> Blue Square </td> <td>Most units with mechanical transmission, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_113" class="mw-redirect" title="British Rail Class 113">Class 113</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_127" title="British Rail Class 127">Class 127</a> (until 1969) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="color:yellow;">◆</span> Yellow Diamond </td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Derby_Lightweight" title="British Rail Derby Lightweight">Derby Lightweight</a> (mechanical transmission), <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Metro-Cammell_Lightweight" title="British Rail Metro-Cammell Lightweight">Metro-Cammell Lightweight</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_129" title="British Rail Class 129">Class 129</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="color:red;">▲</span> Red Triangle (1st use) </td> <td>Derby Lightweight (hydraulic transmission) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="color:orange;">★</span> Orange Star </td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_125" title="British Rail Class 125">Class 125</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="color:white;">●</span> White Circle </td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_126" title="British Rail Class 126">Class 126</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><span style="color:red;">▲</span> Red Triangle (2nd use) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_127" title="British Rail Class 127">Class 127</a> (from 1969) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second-generation">Second-generation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiple_working&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Second-generation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most second-generation units built by <a href="/wiki/British_Rail" title="British Rail">British Rail</a> were designed to use the <a href="/wiki/Faiveley_Transport" title="Faiveley Transport">BSI</a> multiple working system, including members of the 14x <a href="/wiki/Pacer_(British_Rail)" title="Pacer (British Rail)">Pacer</a> and 15x <a href="/wiki/Sprinter_(British_Rail)" title="Sprinter (British Rail)">Sprinter</a> families. Some <a href="/wiki/Privatisation_of_British_Rail" title="Privatisation of British Rail">post-privatisation</a> trains such as the <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_168" title="British Rail Class 168">Class 168</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_170" title="British Rail Class 170">170</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_172" title="British Rail Class 172">172s</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were fitted with BSI couplers enabling them to operate in multiple with older stock, while other incompatible systems emerged. Examples included <a href="/wiki/Dellner_coupling" class="mw-redirect" title="Dellner coupling">Dellner-couplers</a> fitted to <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_171" title="British Rail Class 171">Class 171</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_220" title="British Rail Class 220">220</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_221" title="British Rail Class 221">221</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_222" title="British Rail Class 222">222</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_350" title="British Rail Class 350">350</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_360" title="British Rail Class 360">360</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_375" title="British Rail Class 375">375</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_376" title="British Rail Class 376">376</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_377" title="British Rail Class 377">377</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_390" title="British Rail Class 390">390</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_700" title="British Rail Class 700">700</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_710" title="British Rail Class 710">710s</a> while <a href="/wiki/Scharfenberg_coupler" title="Scharfenberg coupler">Scharfenbergs</a> were fitted to <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_175" title="British Rail Class 175">Class 175</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_180" title="British Rail Class 180">180s</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Franchise changes and stock reallocation means that many <a href="/wiki/Train_operating_company" title="Train operating company">train operating companies</a> use fleets with a number of incompatible multiple working systems. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiple_working&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multiple-unit_train_control" title="Multiple-unit train control">Multiple-unit train control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_unit" title="Multiple unit">Multiple unit</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References_and_sources">References and sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiple_working&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References and sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiple_working&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>British Railways Diesel Traction Manual for Enginemen</i>. British Transport Commission. 1962. p. 184.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Railways+Diesel+Traction+Manual+for+Enginemen&rft.pages=184&rft.pub=British+Transport+Commission&rft.date=1962&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiple+working" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.railway-technical.com/us-musp.shtml">US Loco MU Control</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080201090339/http://www.railway-technical.com/us-musp.shtml">Archived</a> 1 February 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.railmagazine.com/trains/current-trains/built-in-the-1960s-rebuilt-for-the-21st-century">"Built in the 1960s… rebuilt for the 21st century"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rail_(magazine)" title="Rail (magazine)">Rail</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rail&rft.atitle=Built+in+the+1960s%E2%80%A6+rebuilt+for+the+21st+century&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.railmagazine.com%2Ftrains%2Fcurrent-trains%2Fbuilt-in-the-1960s-rebuilt-for-the-21st-century&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiple+working" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Railcar_Association" class="citation web cs1">The Railcar Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://railcar.co.uk/type/class-127/interior-description">"Class 127 DMU Interiors"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Class+127+DMU+Interiors&rft.au=The+Railcar+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frailcar.co.uk%2Ftype%2Fclass-127%2Finterior-description&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiple+working" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Railcar_Association" class="citation web cs1">The Railcar Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://railcar.co.uk/type/class-127/description">"Class 127 DMU Description"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Class+127+DMU+Description&rft.au=The+Railcar+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frailcar.co.uk%2Ftype%2Fclass-127%2Fdescription&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiple+working" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.angeltrains.co.uk/Products-Services/Regional-Passenger-Trains/11">Class 172</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200613052319/https://www.angeltrains.co.uk/Products-Services/Regional-Passenger-Trains/11">Archived</a> 13 June 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Angel Trains</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.angeltrains.co.uk/Products-Services/High-Speed-Trains/30">Class 390</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304185716/https://www.angeltrains.co.uk/Products-Services/High-Speed-Trains/30">Archived</a> 4 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Angel Trains</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.angeltrains.co.uk/Products-Services/Regional-Passenger-Trains/42">Class 175</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304190108/https://www.angeltrains.co.uk/Products-Services/Regional-Passenger-Trains/42">Archived</a> 4 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Angel Trains</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.angeltrains.co.uk/Products-Services/High-Speed-Trains/29">Class 180</a> Angel Trains</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiple_working&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliamsPercival,_David1977" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Alan; Percival, David (1977). <i>British Railways Locomotives and Multiple Units including Preserved Locomotives 1977</i>. Shepperton: <a href="/wiki/Ian_Allan_Publishing" title="Ian Allan Publishing">Ian Allan</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7110-0751-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7110-0751-9"><bdi>0-7110-0751-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Railways+Locomotives+and+Multiple+Units+including+Preserved+Locomotives+1977&rft.place=Shepperton&rft.pub=Ian+Allan&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0-7110-0751-9&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.au=Percival%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiple+working" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Multiple_working&oldid=1263040539">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Multiple_working&oldid=1263040539</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rail_transport_operations" title="Category:Rail transport operations">Rail transport operations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rail_transport_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Rail transport in the United Kingdom">Rail transport in the United Kingdom</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_September_2017" title="Category:Use dmy dates from September 2017">Use dmy dates from September 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_September_2017" title="Category:Use British English from September 2017">Use British English from September 2017</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 14 December 2024, at 10:15<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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