CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Lebor Gabála Érenn - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"97bbe13e-8e4a-4b01-b691-560cef5994ff","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Lebor_Gabála_Érenn","wgTitle":"Lebor Gabála Érenn","wgCurRevisionId":1256543829,"wgRevisionId":1256543829,"wgArticleId":589936,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description with empty Wikidata description","EngvarB from October 2013","Use dmy dates from October 2013","CS1: long volume value","11th century in Ireland","11th-century literature","Early Irish literature","Flood myths","Invasions of Ireland","Irish chronicles","Texts in Irish","Irish-language literature","Regnal lists","Mythological Cycle","Poetry anthologies","Prehistoric Europe","Works of unknown authorship"], "wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Lebor_Gabála_Érenn","wgRelevantArticleId":589936,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId" :"Q374129","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc", "skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Book_of_Leinster%2C_folio_53.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1756"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Book_of_Leinster%2C_folio_53.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1170"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="936"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Lebor Gabála Érenn - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Lebor_Gabála_Érenn rootpage-Lebor_Gabála_Érenn skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Lebor+Gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Lebor+Gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Lebor+Gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Lebor+Gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Origin_and_purpose" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin_and_purpose"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Origin and purpose</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin_and_purpose-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Versions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Versions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Versions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Versions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Contents</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Contents-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Contents subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Contents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Genesis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genesis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Genesis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genesis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_history_of_the_Gaels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history_of_the_Gaels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Early history of the Gaels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history_of_the_Gaels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cessair" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cessair"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Cessair</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cessair-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partholón" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partholón"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Partholón</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partholón-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nemed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nemed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Nemed</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nemed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fir_Bolg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fir_Bolg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Fir Bolg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fir_Bolg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tuatha_Dé_Danann" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tuatha_Dé_Danann"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Tuatha Dé Danann</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tuatha_Dé_Danann-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Milesians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Milesians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Milesians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Milesians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roll_of_the_pagan_kings_of_Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roll_of_the_pagan_kings_of_Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Roll of the pagan kings of Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roll_of_the_pagan_kings_of_Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roll_of_the_Christian_kings_of_Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roll_of_the_Christian_kings_of_Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>Roll of the Christian kings of Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roll_of_the_Christian_kings_of_Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_analysis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_analysis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Modern analysis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_analysis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Text"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Text</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Text-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Text subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Text-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Translations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Translations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Translations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Translations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Lebor Gabála Érenn</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn" title="Lebor Gabála Érenn – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lebor Gabála Érenn" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn" title="Lebor Gabála Érenn – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lebor Gabála Érenn" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn" title="Lebor Gabála Érenn – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lebor Gabála Érenn" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn" title="Lebor Gabála Érenn – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lebor Gabála Érenn" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn" title="Lebor Gabála Érenn – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lebor Gabála Érenn" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86" title="لبور گابالا ارن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لبور گابالا ارن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn" title="Lebor Gabála Érenn – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lebor Gabála Érenn" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leabhar_Gabh%C3%A1la_na_h%C3%89ireann" title="Leabhar Gabhála na hÉireann – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Leabhar Gabhála na hÉireann" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn" title="Lebor Gabála Érenn – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Lebor Gabála Érenn" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn" title="Lebor Gabála Érenn – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lebor Gabála Érenn" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%A6%B0_%EC%B9%A8%EB%9E%B5%EC%9D%98_%EC%84%9C" title="에린 침략의 서 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에린 침략의 서" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn" title="Lebor Gabála Érenn – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lebor Gabála Érenn" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liber_expugnationum_Hiberniae" title="Liber expugnationum Hiberniae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Liber expugnationum Hiberniae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B3d%C3%ADt%C3%A1sok_k%C3%B6nyve" title="Hódítások könyve – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hódítások könyve" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn" title="Lebor Gabála Érenn – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lebor Gabála Érenn" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E6%9D%A5%E5%AF%87%E3%81%AE%E6%9B%B8" title="アイルランド来寇の書 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アイルランド来寇の書" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn" title="Lebor Gabála Érenn – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lebor Gabála Érenn" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn" title="Lebor Gabála Érenn – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lebor Gabála Érenn" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn" title="Lebor Gabála Érenn – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lebor Gabála Érenn" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Книга захватов – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Книга захватов" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn" title="Lebor Gabála Érenn – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lebor Gabála Érenn" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn" title="Lebor Gabála Érenn – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lebor Gabála Érenn" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%86%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%97" title="Книга захоплення Ірландії – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Книга захоплення Ірландії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q374129#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn&oldid=1256543829" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn&id=1256543829&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLebor_Gab%25C3%25A1la_%25C3%2589renn"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLebor_Gab%25C3%25A1la_%25C3%2589renn"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q374129" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">11th century Irish chronicle</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the medieval Irish text. For the album by Horslips, see <a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Invasions_(album)" title="The Book of Invasions (album)">The Book of Invasions (album)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Book_of_Leinster,_folio_53.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Book_of_Leinster%2C_folio_53.jpg/220px-Book_of_Leinster%2C_folio_53.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Book_of_Leinster%2C_folio_53.jpg/330px-Book_of_Leinster%2C_folio_53.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Book_of_Leinster%2C_folio_53.jpg 2x" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="594" /></a><figcaption>Folio 53 from the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Leinster" title="Book of Leinster">Book of Leinster</a>. Lebor Gabála Érenn is recorded in more than a dozen medieval manuscripts and the Book of Leinster is just one of the primary sources of text. Image: Dublin, TCD, MS 1339 (olim MS H 2.18)</figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>Lebor Gabála Érenn</b></i> (literally "The Book of the Taking of Ireland"; <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Modern Irish</a> spelling: <i><b>Leabhar Gabhála Éireann</b></i>, known in English as <i><b>The Book of Invasions</b></i>) is a collection of poems and <a href="/wiki/Prose" title="Prose">prose</a> narratives in the <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish language</a> intended to be a history of Ireland and the Irish from the creation of the world to the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>. There are a number of versions, the earliest of which was compiled by an anonymous writer in the 11th century. It synthesised narratives that had been developing over the foregoing centuries. The <i>Lebor Gabála</i> tells of Ireland being "taken" (settled) by six groups of people: the people of <a href="/wiki/Cessair" title="Cessair">Cessair</a>, the people of <a href="/wiki/Parthol%C3%B3n" title="Partholón">Partholón</a>, the people of <a href="/wiki/Nemed" title="Nemed">Nemed</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Fir_Bolg" title="Fir Bolg">Fir Bolg</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tuatha_D%C3%A9_Danann" title="Tuatha Dé Danann">Tuatha Dé Danann</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Milesians_(Irish)" title="Milesians (Irish)">Milesians</a>. The first four groups are wiped out or forced to abandon the island; the fifth group represents Ireland's pagan gods,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoch20061693–1695_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoch20061693–1695-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the final group represents the Irish people (the <a href="/wiki/Gaels" title="Gaels">Gaels</a>). </p><p>The <i>Lebor Gabála</i> was highly influential<sup id="cite_ref-williams_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-williams-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was largely "accepted as conventional history by poets and scholars down until the 19th century".<sup id="cite_ref-mythlegendromance_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mythlegendromance-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, scholars regard the <i>Lebor Gabála</i> as primarily myth rather than history.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey19941–4_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarey19941–4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It appears to be mostly based on medieval Christian pseudo-histories,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey19941–4_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarey19941–4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it also incorporates some of Ireland’s native pagan mythology.<sup id="cite_ref-koch1132_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-koch1132-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scholars believe that the goal of its writers was to provide a history for Ireland that could compare to that of Rome or Israel, and which was compatible with Christian teaching.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey19941–4_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarey19941–4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoch20061132_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoch20061132-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Lebor Gabála</i> became one of the most popular and influential works of early Irish literature. Mark Williams says it was "written in order to bridge the chasm between Christian world-chronology and the prehistory of Ireland".<sup id="cite_ref-williams_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-williams-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Lebor Gabála</i> is usually known in English as <i>The Book of Invasions</i> or <i>The Book of Conquests</i>. In <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Modern Irish</a> it is <i>Leabhar Gabhála Éireann</i> or <i>Leabhar Gabhála na hÉireann</i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin_and_purpose">Origin and purpose</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origin and purpose"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Medieval_ecclesiastic_historiography" title="Medieval ecclesiastic historiography">Medieval ecclesiastic historiography</a></div> <p>The writers of <i>Lebor Gabála Érenn</i> sought to create an epic written history of the Irish comparable to that of the <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> of the Bible.<sup id="cite_ref-Lennon_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lennon-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacalister1938pp.xxvi-xxvii:_"If_we_cut_the_interpolated_sections_out,_we_find_ourselves_left_with_a_''History_of_the_Gaedil'',_based_upon_the_history_of_the_Children_of_Israel_as_it_is_set_forth_in_the_Old_Testament."_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacalister1938pp.xxvi-xxvii:_"If_we_cut_the_interpolated_sections_out,_we_find_ourselves_left_with_a_''History_of_the_Gaedil'',_based_upon_the_history_of_the_Children_of_Israel_as_it_is_set_forth_in_the_Old_Testament."-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This history was intended to fit the Irish into Christian world-chronology, <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoch20061130_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoch20061130-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey19943_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarey19943-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to "find a place for Ireland in the Biblical history of the world".<sup id="cite_ref-Lennon_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lennon-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In doing so, it links them to events from the Old Testament and likens them to the Israelites.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoch20061133_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoch20061133-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ancestors of the Irish were described as enslaved in a foreign land, fleeing into exile, wandering in the wilderness, or sighting the "Promised Land" from afar. The writers also sought to incorporate <a href="/wiki/Irish_mythology" title="Irish mythology">native pre-Christian stories</a> about the origins of the Irish, and to reconcile them with medieval Christian lore.<sup id="cite_ref-Lennon_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lennon-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:City_of_God_Manuscript.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/City_of_God_Manuscript.jpg/220px-City_of_God_Manuscript.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/City_of_God_Manuscript.jpg/330px-City_of_God_Manuscript.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/City_of_God_Manuscript.jpg/440px-City_of_God_Manuscript.jpg 2x" data-file-width="534" data-file-height="760" /></a><figcaption>The authors of Lebor Gabála Érenn were strongly influenced by such religious texts as <a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">St. Augustine of Hippo's</a> 5th-century book, <i><a href="/wiki/City_of_God_(book)" class="mw-redirect" title="City of God (book)">City of God</a></i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The LGE seems to have been influenced by four major Christian works in particular: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">St Augustine's</a> <i>De Civitate Dei</i>, (<a href="/wiki/City_of_God_(book)" class="mw-redirect" title="City of God (book)">The City of God</a>), (413–426 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orosius" title="Orosius">Orosius</a>'s <i>Historiae adversum paganos</i>, "Histories", (417)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eusebius_of_Caesarea" class="mw-redirect" title="Eusebius of Caesarea">Eusebius's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Chronicon_(Eusebius)" title="Chronicon (Eusebius)">Chronicon</a></i>, translated into Latin by <a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">St Jerome</a> as the <i><a href="/wiki/Chronicon_(Jerome)" title="Chronicon (Jerome)">Temporum liber</a></i> (379)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Etymologiae" title="Etymologiae">Etymologiae</a></i> ("Etymologies") (early 7th century)</li></ul> <p>The pre-Christian elements, however, were never entirely effaced. One of the poems in LGE, for instance, recounts how goddesses from among the <a href="/wiki/Tuatha_D%C3%A9_Danann" title="Tuatha Dé Danann">Tuatha Dé Danann</a> took husbands from the Gaeil when they 'invaded' and 'colonised' Ireland. The pattern of successive invasions recounted in the LGE is reminiscent of <a href="/wiki/Timagenes" title="Timagenes">Timagenes</a> of Alexandria's account of the origins of the <a href="/wiki/Gauls" title="Gauls">Gauls</a> of continental Europe. Cited by the 4th-century historian <a href="/wiki/Ammianus_Marcellinus" title="Ammianus Marcellinus">Ammianus Marcellinus</a>, Timagenes (1st century BC) describes how the ancestors of the Gauls were driven from their native lands in eastern Europe by a succession of wars and floods.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Numerous fragments of Ireland's mythological history are scattered throughout the 7th and 8th centuries. In his <i>Lectures on the Manuscript Materials of Ancient Irish History</i> (1861), <a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Curry" title="Eugene O'Curry">Eugene O'Curry</a>, Professor of Irish History and Archaeology at the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_University_of_Ireland" title="Catholic University of Ireland">Catholic University of Ireland</a>, discussed various genres of historical tales mentioned in the manuscripts: </p> <blockquote><p>The <i>Tochomladh</i> was an Immigration or arrival of a Colony; and under this name the coming of the several colonies of <i>Parthalon</i> of <i>Nemedh</i>, of the Firbolgs, the <i>Tuatha Dé Danann</i>, the Milesians, etc., into Erinn, are all described in separate tales. It is probably from the original records of these ancient stories that the early part of the various Books of Invasions has been compiled.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/R._A._Stewart_Macalister" title="R. A. Stewart Macalister">R. A. Stewart Macalister</a> believes that the LGE was a conflation of two independent works: a <i>History of the Gaedil</i> (modelled after the history of the Israelites in the Old Testament), and an account of several pre-Gaelic settlements of Ireland (to the historicity of which Macalister gave very little credence). The latter was then inserted into the middle of the other work. Macalister theorised that the quasi-Biblical text had been a scholarly Latin work named <i>Liber Occupationis Hiberniae</i> ("The Book of the Taking of Ireland"). </p><p>The earliest surviving account of Irish origins is found in the <i><a href="/wiki/Historia_Brittonum" title="Historia Brittonum">Historia Brittonum</a></i> ("History of the Britons"), written in Wales in the 9th century.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The story probably came from a now-lost Irish source.<sup id="cite_ref-Brady_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brady-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It says that Ireland was settled by three groups of people from the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a>. The first are the people of <a href="/wiki/Parthol%C3%B3n" title="Partholón">Partholón</a>, who all die of plague. The second are the people of <a href="/wiki/Nemed" title="Nemed">Nemed</a>, who eventually return to Iberia. The last group are led by three sons of a warrior or soldier from <a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Hispania</a> (<i>mīles Hispaniae</i>), who sail to Ireland in thirty ships. They see a glass tower in the middle of the sea and set out to capture it, but when they reach it, all but one of their ships are sunk. Only one ship is saved, and its passengers are the ancestors of all the Irish.<sup id="cite_ref-Brady_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brady-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the <i>Lebor Gabála</i> was first compiled in the 11th century, the three waves of settlers had grown to six. Joseph Lennon says "These waves may, in fact, represent the redactors' attempts to account for numerous oral accounts in Irish of origin legends".<sup id="cite_ref-Lennon_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lennon-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also suggested that there are six waves to match the "<a href="/wiki/Six_Ages_of_the_World" title="Six Ages of the World">Six Ages of the World</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These stories continued to be enriched and elaborated upon by Irish historian-poets throughout the 9th century. In the 10th and 11th centuries, several long historical poems were written that were later incorporated into the scheme of LGE. Most of the poems on which the 11th-12th century version of LGE was based were written by the following four poets: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eochaidh_Ua_Floinn" class="mw-redirect" title="Eochaidh Ua Floinn">Eochaidh Ua Floinn</a> (936–1004) from <a href="/wiki/Armagh" title="Armagh">Armagh</a> – Poems 30, 41, 53, 65, 98, 109, 111</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flann_Mainistrech" title="Flann Mainistrech">Flann Mainistrech</a> mac Echthigrin (died 1056), lector and historian of <a href="/wiki/Monasterboice" title="Monasterboice">Monasterboice</a> Abbey – Poems ?42, 56, 67, ?82</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanaide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanaide (page does not exist)">Tanaide</a> (died <i>c.</i> 1075) – Poems 47, 54, 86</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilla_C%C3%B3m%C3%A1in_mac_Gilla_Samthainde" title="Gilla Cómáin mac Gilla Samthainde">Gilla Cómáin mac Gilla Samthainde</a> (<i>fl.</i> 1072) – Poems 13, 96, 115</li></ul> <p>It was late in the 11th century that a single anonymous scholar appears to have brought together these and numerous other poems and fitted them into an elaborate prose framework – partly of his own composition and partly drawn from older, no longer extant sources (i.e. the <i>tochomlaidh</i> referred to above by O'Curry), paraphrasing and enlarging the verse. The result was the earliest version of LGE. It was written in Middle Irish, a form of Irish Gaelic used between 900 and 1200. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Versions">Versions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Versions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Within a century of its compilation there existed a plethora of copies and revisions of <i>Lebor Gabála</i>, with as many as 136 poems between them. It is "somewhat misleading" to refer to the <i>Lebor Gabála</i> as one narrative. No two versions are identical, although many elements remain the same.<sup id="cite_ref-Lennon_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lennon-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are five <a href="/wiki/Recension" title="Recension">recensions</a>, surviving in more than a dozen medieval manuscripts: </p> <ul><li><b>First Redaction (R¹):</b> preserved in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Leinster" class="mw-redirect" title="The Book of Leinster">The Book of Leinster</a></i> (c. 1150) and <i>The Book of Fermoy</i> (1373).</li> <li><b>Míniugud (Min):</b> this recension is closely related to the Second Redaction. It is probably older than the surviving MSS of that redaction, though not older than the now-lost exemplar on which those MSS were based. The surviving sources are suffixed to copies of the Second Redaction.</li> <li><b>Second Redaction (R²):</b> survives in no less than seven separate texts, the best known of which is <i><a href="/wiki/Great_Book_of_Lecan" title="Great Book of Lecan">The Great Book of Lecan</a></i> (1418).</li> <li><b>Third Redaction (R³):</b> preserved in both <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ballymote" title="Book of Ballymote">The Book of Ballymote</a></i> (1391) and <i>The Great Book of Lecan</i>.</li> <li><b>O'Clery's Redaction (K):</b> written in 1631 by <a href="/wiki/M%C3%ADche%C3%A1l_%C3%93_Cl%C3%A9irigh" title="Mícheál Ó Cléirigh">Mícheál Ó Cléirigh</a>, a Franciscan scribe and one of the <a href="/wiki/Annals_of_the_Four_Masters" title="Annals of the Four Masters">Four Masters</a>. Unlike the earlier versions of LGE, this redaction is in <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Irish_language" title="History of the Irish language">Early Modern Irish</a> but was admitted as an independent redaction by <a href="/wiki/R._A._Stewart_Macalister" title="R. A. Stewart Macalister">Macalister</a> because there are indications that the author had access to sources which are no longer extant and which were not used by the compilers of the other four redactions. The work was compiled in the convent of Lisgool, near <a href="/wiki/Enniskillen" title="Enniskillen">Enniskillen</a>. O'Clery was assisted by Gillapatrick O'Luinin and Peregrine O'Clery (Michael O Clery's third cousin once removed, and one of the Four Masters).</li></ul> <p>The following table summarises the extant manuscripts that contain versions of LGE. Most of the abbreviations used are taken from R. A. S. Macalister's critical edition of the work (see references for details): </p> <table class="wikitable" width="75%" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:5%">Sigla</th> <th style="width:16%">Manuscript</th> <th style="width:18%">Location</th> <th style="width:10%">Redactions</th> <th style="width:56%">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#DDC288" align="center"><b>A</b></td> <td><b>Stowe A.2.4</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Royal_Irish_Academy" title="Royal Irish Academy">Royal Irish Academy</a></td> <td align="center"><b>R²</b></td> <td>A direct and poor copy of <b>D</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:yellow" align="center"><b>B</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ballymote" title="Book of Ballymote">The Book of Ballymote</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Royal_Irish_Academy" title="Royal Irish Academy">Royal Irish Academy</a></td> <td align="center"><b>R³</b></td> <td><b>B</b> lost one folio after <b>β</b>, <b>β¹</b> and <b>β²</b> were derived from it </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:yellow" align="center"><b>β</b></td> <td><b>H.2.4</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Dublin" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinity College, Dublin">Trinity College, Dublin</a></td> <td align="center"><b>R³</b></td> <td>A transcript of <b>B</b> made in 1728 by Richard Tipper </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:yellow" align="center"><b>β¹</b></td> <td><b>H.1.15</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Dublin" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinity College, Dublin">Trinity College, Dublin</a></td> <td align="center"><b>R³</b></td> <td>A copy, made around 1745 by Tadhg Ó Neachtain, of a lost transcript of <b>B</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:yellow" align="center"><b>β²</b></td> <td><b>Stowe D.3.2</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Royal_Irish_Academy" title="Royal Irish Academy">Royal Irish Academy</a></td> <td align="center"><b>R³</b></td> <td>An anonymous copy of the same lost transcript of <b>B</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#7FC31C" align="center"><b>D</b></td> <td><b>Stowe D.4.3</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Royal_Irish_Academy" title="Royal Irish Academy">Royal Irish Academy</a></td> <td align="center"><b>R²</b></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#CBA46C" align="center"><b>E</b></td> <td><b>E.3.5. no. 2</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Dublin" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinity College, Dublin">Trinity College, Dublin</a></td> <td align="center"><b>R²</b></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#B3E2D1" align="center"><b>F¹</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Fermoy" title="Book of Fermoy">The Book of Fermoy</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Royal_Irish_Academy" title="Royal Irish Academy">Royal Irish Academy</a></td> <td align="center"><b>R¹</b></td> <td rowspan="2"><b>F¹</b> and <b>F²</b> are parts of one dismembered MS, <b>F</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#B3E2D1" align="center"><b>F²</b></td> <td><b>Stowe D.3.1</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Royal_Irish_Academy" title="Royal Irish Academy">Royal Irish Academy</a></td> <td align="center"><b>R¹</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FEEBAC" align="center"><b>H</b></td> <td><b>H.2.15. no. 1</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Dublin" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinity College, Dublin">Trinity College, Dublin</a></td> <td align="center"><b>R³</b></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#B3B25E" align="center"><b>L</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Leinster" class="mw-redirect" title="The Book of Leinster">The Book of Leinster</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Dublin" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinity College, Dublin">Trinity College, Dublin</a></td> <td align="center"><b>R¹</b></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FB805F" align="center"><b>Λ</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Great_Book_of_Lecan" title="Great Book of Lecan">The Book of Lecan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Royal_Irish_Academy" title="Royal Irish Academy">Royal Irish Academy</a></td> <td align="center"><b>R²</b>, <b>Min</b></td> <td>First text of LGE in <a href="/wiki/Great_Book_of_Lecan" title="Great Book of Lecan">The Book of Lecan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FB805F" align="center"><b>M</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Great_Book_of_Lecan" title="Great Book of Lecan">The Book of Lecan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Royal_Irish_Academy" title="Royal Irish Academy">Royal Irish Academy</a></td> <td align="center"><b>R³</b></td> <td>Second text of LGE in <a href="/wiki/Great_Book_of_Lecan" title="Great Book of Lecan">The Book of Lecan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#CBCDC8" align="center"><b>P</b></td> <td><b>P.10266</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Ireland" title="National Library of Ireland">National Library of Ireland</a></td> <td align="center"><b>R²</b></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#EB9301" align="center"><b>R</b></td> <td><b>Rawl.B.512</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bodleian_Library" title="Bodleian Library">Bodleian Library</a></td> <td align="center"><b>R²</b>, <b>Min</b></td> <td>Only the prose text is written out in full: the poems are truncated </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FDCC8A" align="center"><b>V¹</b></td> <td><b>Stowe D.5.1</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Royal_Irish_Academy" title="Royal Irish Academy">Royal Irish Academy</a></td> <td align="center"><b>R²</b>, <b>Min</b></td> <td rowspan="3"><b>V¹</b>, <b>V²</b> and <b>V³</b> are parts of one dismembered MS, <b>V</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FDCC8A" align="center"><b>V²</b></td> <td><b>Stowe D.4.1</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Royal_Irish_Academy" title="Royal Irish Academy">Royal Irish Academy</a></td> <td align="center"><b>R²</b>, <b>Min</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FDCC8A" align="center"><b>V³</b></td> <td><b>Stowe D.1.3</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Royal_Irish_Academy" title="Royal Irish Academy">Royal Irish Academy</a></td> <td align="center"><b>R²</b>, <b>Min</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:red" align="center"><b>K¹</b></td> <td><b>23 K 32</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Royal_Irish_Academy" title="Royal Irish Academy">Royal Irish Academy</a></td> <td align="center"><b>K</b></td> <td>Fair copy of the author <a href="/wiki/M%C3%ADche%C3%A1l_%C3%93_Cl%C3%A9irigh" title="Mícheál Ó Cléirigh">Michael O Clery's</a> autograph. <b>K</b> is contained in several paper manuscripts, but <b>K¹</b>, the "authoritative autograph", takes precedence.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The LGE was translated into French in 1884. The first complete English translation was made by <a href="/wiki/R._A._Stewart_Macalister" title="R. A. Stewart Macalister">R. A. Stewart Macalister</a> between 1937 and 1942. It was accompanied by an <a href="/wiki/Critical_apparatus" title="Critical apparatus">apparatus criticus</a>, Macalister's own notes and an introduction. Macalister's translation "synthesizes the versions of this already synthesized text".<sup id="cite_ref-Lennon_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lennon-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contents">Contents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Contents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The collection can be divided into ten chapters: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genesis">Genesis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Genesis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A retelling of the familiar Christian story of the <a href="/wiki/Genesis_creation_narrative" title="Genesis creation narrative">creation</a>, the fall of Man and the early history of the world. In addition to <a href="/wiki/Genesis_creation_narrative" title="Genesis creation narrative">Genesis</a>, the author draws upon several recondite works for many of his details (e.g. the Syriac <i><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Treasures" title="Cave of Treasures">Cave of Treasures</a></i>), as well as the four Christian works mentioned earlier (i.e. <i>The City of God</i>, etc.). </p><p>This part also contains a genealogy derived via the <i>Historia Brittonum</i> from the 6th-century <a href="/wiki/Frankish_Table_of_Nations" title="Frankish Table of Nations">Frankish Table of Nations</a>, itself relying partly on the 1st-century <a href="/wiki/Germania_(book)" title="Germania (book)"><i>Germania</i> of Tacitus</a>. It gives the descent of the major peoples of Europe from three brothers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2015138_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2015138-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history_of_the_Gaels">Early history of the Gaels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early history of the Gaels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Torre_de_H%C3%A9rcules,_La_Coru%C3%B1a,_Espa%C3%B1a,_2015-09-24,_DD_11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Torre_de_H%C3%A9rcules%2C_La_Coru%C3%B1a%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2015-09-24%2C_DD_11.jpg/220px-Torre_de_H%C3%A9rcules%2C_La_Coru%C3%B1a%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2015-09-24%2C_DD_11.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Torre_de_H%C3%A9rcules%2C_La_Coru%C3%B1a%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2015-09-24%2C_DD_11.jpg/330px-Torre_de_H%C3%A9rcules%2C_La_Coru%C3%B1a%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2015-09-24%2C_DD_11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Torre_de_H%C3%A9rcules%2C_La_Coru%C3%B1a%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2015-09-24%2C_DD_11.jpg/440px-Torre_de_H%C3%A9rcules%2C_La_Coru%C3%B1a%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2015-09-24%2C_DD_11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7499" data-file-height="4695" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_Hercules" title="Tower of Hercules">Tower of Hercules</a> (<a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="A Coruña">A Coruña</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galicia,_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Galicia, Spain">Galicia</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>This chapter begins by explaining that all mankind is descended from <a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Noah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sons of Noah">sons of Noah</a>. It tells us how Noah's son <a href="/wiki/Japheth" title="Japheth">Japheth</a> is the forebear of all Europeans (see <a href="/wiki/Japhetites" title="Japhetites">Japhetites</a>), how Japheth's son <a href="/wiki/Magog_(Bible)" title="Magog (Bible)">Magog</a> is the forebear of the Gaels and <a href="/wiki/Scythians" title="Scythians">Scythians</a>, and how <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9nius_Farsaid" title="Fénius Farsaid">Fénius Farsaid</a> is the forebear of the Gaels. Fénius, a prince of <a href="/wiki/Scythia" title="Scythia">Scythia</a>, is described as one of 72 chieftains who built the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_Babel" title="Tower of Babel">Tower of Babel</a>. His son Nel weds <a href="/wiki/Scota" title="Scota">Scota</a>, daughter of an Egyptian <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">pharaoh</a>, and they have a son named <a href="/wiki/Go%C3%ADdel_Glas" title="Goídel Glas">Goídel Glas</a>. Goídel crafts the <a href="/wiki/Goidelic_languages" title="Goidelic languages">Goidelic (Gaelic) language</a> from the original 72 languages that arose after the <a href="/wiki/Confusion_of_tongues" class="mw-redirect" title="Confusion of tongues">confusion of tongues</a>. Goídel's offspring, the Goidels (Gaels), leave Egypt at the same time as the <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Exodus" title="The Exodus">the Exodus</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacalister193933–39,_61–65_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacalister193933–39,_61–65-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and settle in Scythia. After some time they leave Scythia and spend 440 years travelling the Earth, undergoing trials and tribulations akin to those of the Israelites. The druid Caicher foretells that their descendants will reach Ireland. After seven years at sea, they settle in the <a href="/wiki/Maeotian_Swamp" title="Maeotian Swamp">Maeotian marshes</a>. They then sail via <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> and eventually conquer <a href="/wiki/Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Iberia">Iberia</a>. There, Goídel's descendant <a href="/wiki/Breog%C3%A1n" title="Breogán">Breogán</a> founds a city called Brigantia, and builds a tower from the top of which his son Íth glimpses Ireland. Brigantia was the Roman name of <a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="A Coruña">Corunna</a> in <a href="/wiki/Galicia,_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Galicia, Spain">Galicia</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Breogán's tower is possibly based on the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_Hercules" title="Tower of Hercules">Tower of Hercules</a>, which was rebuilt at Corunna by the Romans. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cessair">Cessair</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cessair"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bantry_Bay_near_Foilakilly_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1229006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Bantry_Bay_near_Foilakilly_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1229006.jpg/220px-Bantry_Bay_near_Foilakilly_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1229006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Bantry_Bay_near_Foilakilly_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1229006.jpg/330px-Bantry_Bay_near_Foilakilly_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1229006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Bantry_Bay_near_Foilakilly_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1229006.jpg/440px-Bantry_Bay_near_Foilakilly_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1229006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption>Bantry Bay, where Cessair and her followers are said to have landed</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the <i>Lebor Gabála</i>, the first people to arrive in Ireland are led by <a href="/wiki/Cessair" title="Cessair">Cessair</a>, daughter of Bith, son of <a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a>. They are told to go to the western edge of the world to escape the <a href="/wiki/Genesis_flood_narrative" title="Genesis flood narrative">oncoming Flood</a>. They set out in three ships, but two are lost at sea. They land in Ireland, at Dún na mBárc on <a href="/wiki/Bantry_Bay" title="Bantry Bay">Bantry Bay</a>, forty days before the Flood. The only survivors are Cessair, forty-nine other women, and three men: <a href="/wiki/Fintan_mac_B%C3%B3chra" title="Fintan mac Bóchra">Fintan mac Bóchra</a>, Bith and Ladra. The women are split evenly among the men. Each also takes one as his wife: Fintán takes Cessair, Bith takes Barrfhind and Ladra takes Alba. However, Bith and Ladra soon die and Ladra is the first man buried in Ireland. When the Flood comes, Fintán is the only one to survive. He becomes a salmon and later an eagle and a hawk, living for 5,500 years after the Flood, whence he becomes a man again and recounts Ireland's history. </p><p>In an earlier version of the tale, the first woman in Ireland is <a href="/wiki/Banba" title="Banba">Banba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoch2006165_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoch2006165-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Banba, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B3dla" title="Fódla">Fódla</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%89riu" title="Ériu">Ériu</a> were <a href="/wiki/Triple_deity" title="Triple deity">a trio</a> of land goddesses and their husbands were <a href="/wiki/Mac_Cuill" title="Mac Cuill">Mac Cuill</a> (son of hazel), <a href="/wiki/Mac_Cecht" title="Mac Cecht">Mac Cecht</a> (son of the plough) and <a href="/wiki/Mac_Gr%C3%A9ine" title="Mac Gréine">Mac Gréine</a> (son of the Sun). It is likely that Cessair, the three men and their three wives are a Christianised replacement for them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey199421_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarey199421-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-monaghan85_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-monaghan85-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fintán/Mac Cuill may also be linked to the <a href="/wiki/Salmon_of_Knowledge" title="Salmon of Knowledge">Salmon of Knowledge</a>, which gains all the world's knowledge after eating nine hazelnuts that fall into <a href="/wiki/Connla%27s_Well" class="mw-redirect" title="Connla's Well">a well</a>. The women who accompany Cessair appear by their names to represent the world's ancestral mothers; they included Alba (ancestor of the Britons), Espa (Spanish), German (Germans), Gothiam (Goths), Traige (Thracians), and so forth. Thus "their arrival can be read as creating a microcosm of the whole world's population in Ireland". Several other companions echo the names of ancient Irish goddesses.<sup id="cite_ref-monaghan85_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-monaghan85-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partholón"><span id="Parthol.C3.B3n"></span>Partholón</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Partholón"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Myths_and_legends;_the_Celtic_race_(1910)_(14760452906).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Myths_and_legends%3B_the_Celtic_race_%281910%29_%2814760452906%29.jpg/170px-Myths_and_legends%3B_the_Celtic_race_%281910%29_%2814760452906%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Myths_and_legends%3B_the_Celtic_race_%281910%29_%2814760452906%29.jpg/255px-Myths_and_legends%3B_the_Celtic_race_%281910%29_%2814760452906%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Myths_and_legends%3B_the_Celtic_race_%281910%29_%2814760452906%29.jpg/340px-Myths_and_legends%3B_the_Celtic_race_%281910%29_%2814760452906%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1946" data-file-height="2858" /></a><figcaption>"Tuan watches Nemed", illustration by <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Reid_(artist)" title="Stephen Reid (artist)">Stephen Reid</a> in T. W. Rolleston's <i>Myths & Legends of the Celtic Race</i>, 1911</figcaption></figure> <p>Ireland is then uninhabited for 300 years, until a second group of people arrive. They are led by <a href="/wiki/Parthol%C3%B3n" title="Partholón">Partholón</a>, who is descended from Noah through Magog. They sail to Ireland via Gothia, <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>, Greece, Sicily and Iberia. They include Partholón's wife <a href="/wiki/Dealgnaid" title="Dealgnaid">Delgnat</a>, their four chieftain sons, and others. When they arrive, there is only one open plain, three lakes and nine rivers. They clear four more plains and a further seven <a href="/wiki/Lake-burst" title="Lake-burst">lakes burst from the ground</a>. Named figures are credited with introducing cattle husbandry, ploughing, cooking, brewing, and dividing the island in four. They battle and defeat the mysterious <a href="/wiki/Fomorians" title="Fomorians">Fomorians</a>, who are led by <a href="/wiki/Cichol_Gricenchos" title="Cichol Gricenchos">Cichol Gricenchos</a>. Eventually, Partholón and his people (now 5,000 men and 4,000 women) die of plague in a single week. Only one man, <a href="/wiki/Tuan_mac_Cairill" title="Tuan mac Cairill">Tuan mac Cairill</a>, survives. Like Fintán, he lives for centuries in a number of forms, so that he can recount Irish history. This chapter also includes the tale of Delgnat committing adultery with a servant. </p><p><i>Partholón</i> comes from <i>Bartholomaeus</i> (Bartholomew) and he is probably an invention of the Christian writers, possibly being borrowed from a character of that name in the Christian histories of Saint <a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a> and Isidore.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey19949_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarey19949-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Fomorians have been interpreted as a group of deities who represent the harmful or destructive powers of nature; personifications of chaos, darkness, death, blight and drought.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacCulloch200980,_89,_91_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacCulloch200980,_89,_91-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nemed">Nemed</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Nemed"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ireland is then uninhabited for 30 years, until a third group of people arrive. They are led by <a href="/wiki/Nemed" title="Nemed">Nemed</a>, who is also descended from Noah through Magog. </p><p>They set out from the <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a> in 44 ships but, after a year and a half of sailing, the only ship to reach Ireland is Nemed's. On board are his wife, his four chieftain sons, and others. During their time in Ireland, the Nemedians clear twelve plains and build two royal forts, and four lakes burst from the ground. They win four battles against the Fomorians. </p><p>After Nemed and many others die of plague, the Nemedians are oppressed by the Fomorians <a href="/wiki/Conand_(mythology)" title="Conand (mythology)">Conand</a> and Morc. Each <a href="/wiki/Samhain" title="Samhain">Samhain</a>, they must give two-thirds of their children, their wheat and their milk to the Fomorians. This <a href="/wiki/Tribute" title="Tribute">tribute</a> that the Nemedians are forced to pay may be "a dim memory of sacrifice offered at the beginning of winter, when the powers of darkness and blight are in the ascendant".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacCulloch200980_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacCulloch200980-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually, they rise up against the Fomorians and attack the Tower of Conand with 60,000 warriors (30,000 on sea and 30,000 on land), defeating Conand. Morc then attacks, and almost all of the Nemedians are either killed in the fighting or swept away by the sea. Only one ship of thirty men escapes. Some of them go "into the north of the world", some go to Britain and become the ancestors of all <a href="/wiki/Britons_(Celtic_people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Britons (Celtic people)">Britons</a>, and some go south to Greece. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fir_Bolg">Fir Bolg</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Fir Bolg"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Myths_and_legends;_the_Celtic_race_(1910)_(14760453666).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Myths_and_legends%3B_the_Celtic_race_%281910%29_%2814760453666%29.jpg/170px-Myths_and_legends%3B_the_Celtic_race_%281910%29_%2814760453666%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Myths_and_legends%3B_the_Celtic_race_%281910%29_%2814760453666%29.jpg/255px-Myths_and_legends%3B_the_Celtic_race_%281910%29_%2814760453666%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Myths_and_legends%3B_the_Celtic_race_%281910%29_%2814760453666%29.jpg/340px-Myths_and_legends%3B_the_Celtic_race_%281910%29_%2814760453666%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1956" data-file-height="2838" /></a><figcaption>Ambassadors of the Fir Bolg and Tuath Dé meeting before the Battle of Moytura, illustration by <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Reid_(artist)" title="Stephen Reid (artist)">Stephen Reid</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Those who went to Greece were enslaved by the Greeks and made to carry bags of soil and clay. After 230 years, they sail back to Ireland. They are known as the <a href="/wiki/Fir_Bolg" title="Fir Bolg">Fir Bolg</a> (men of bags), and contain two sub-groups known as the <a href="/wiki/Fir_Domnann" title="Fir Domnann">Fir Domnann</a> and Fir Gálioin. Led by their five chieftains, they divide Ireland into <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Ireland" title="Provinces of Ireland">five provinces</a>: Gann takes North Munster, Sengann takes South Munster, Genann takes Connacht, Rudraige takes Ulster and Slanga takes Leinster. A succession of nine <a href="/wiki/High_King_of_Ireland" title="High King of Ireland">High Kings</a> rule over Ireland for the next 37 years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tuatha_Dé_Danann"><span id="Tuatha_D.C3.A9_Danann"></span>Tuatha Dé Danann</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Tuatha Dé Danann"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Those who went into the north of the world are the supernaturally-gifted <a href="/wiki/Tuatha_D%C3%A9_Danann" title="Tuatha Dé Danann">Tuatha Dé Danann</a> (or Tuath Dé), who represent the main pagan gods of Ireland. They come to Ireland in dark clouds and land on <a href="/wiki/Sliabh_an_Iarainn" title="Sliabh an Iarainn">Sliabh an Iarainn</a> in the west,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bringing with them <a href="/wiki/Four_Treasures_of_the_Tuatha_D%C3%A9_Danann" title="Four Treasures of the Tuatha Dé Danann">Four Treasures</a>. They fight the Fir Bolg for the ownership of Ireland in the <a href="/wiki/Cath_Maige_Tuired" title="Cath Maige Tuired">First Battle of Mag Tuired</a> (Moytura). The Tuath Dé are victorious. In some versions, the Fir Bolg flee Ireland and settle on remote offshore islands, while in others they are granted the province of Connacht. <a href="/wiki/Nuada_Airgetl%C3%A1m" title="Nuada Airgetlám">Nuada</a>, king of the Tuath Dé, loses his hand or arm in the battle and is thus no longer fit to be their king. He is replaced by <a href="/wiki/Bres" title="Bres">Bres</a> (a half-Fomorian), who becomes High King of Ireland. However, Bres mistreats the Tuath Dé and neglects his kingly duties. This may reflect the occasional supremacy of the powers of blight (the Fomorians) over the powers of growth (the Tuath Dé).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacCulloch200989_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacCulloch200989-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After seven years, <a href="/wiki/Dian_Cecht" title="Dian Cecht">Dian Cecht</a> the physician and <a href="/wiki/Credne" class="mw-redirect" title="Credne">Credne</a> the metalsmith replace Nuada's hand/arm with a working silver one, and he re-takes the kingship. Though in some versions Nuada's arm is replaced with a silver one by Dian Cecht immediately, but he is still considered unfit to be king and Dian Cecht's son Cian replaces it with an arm made of flesh. The Tuath Dé then fight the Fomorians in the Second Battle of Moytura. <a href="/wiki/Balor" title="Balor">Balor</a> the Fomorian kills Nuada, but Balor's grandson <a href="/wiki/Lugh" title="Lugh">Lugh</a> kills him and becomes king. The Tuath Dé enjoy 150 years of unbroken rule. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Milesians">Milesians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Milesians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Myths_and_legends;_the_Celtic_race_(1910)_(14760459036).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Myths_and_legends%3B_the_Celtic_race_%281910%29_%2814760459036%29.jpg/170px-Myths_and_legends%3B_the_Celtic_race_%281910%29_%2814760459036%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Myths_and_legends%3B_the_Celtic_race_%281910%29_%2814760459036%29.jpg/255px-Myths_and_legends%3B_the_Celtic_race_%281910%29_%2814760459036%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Myths_and_legends%3B_the_Celtic_race_%281910%29_%2814760459036%29.jpg/340px-Myths_and_legends%3B_the_Celtic_race_%281910%29_%2814760459036%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2872" /></a><figcaption>"The Coming of the Sons of Miled", illustration by <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Reid_(artist)" title="Stephen Reid (artist)">Stephen Reid</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The tale of the Gaels is now resumed. Íth, who has spied Ireland from the top of Breogán's Tower, sails to the island with a group of men. He travels to <a href="/wiki/Grianan_of_Aileach" title="Grianan of Aileach">Aileach Néit</a> where he meets Ireland's three kings: Mac Cuill, Mac Cecht and Mac Gréine of the Tuath Dé. However, he is killed by unnamed attackers and his men return to Iberia. The Gaels set sail with a great force to avenge his death and take Ireland. They are referred to here as the Sons of <a href="/wiki/M%C3%ADl_Esp%C3%A1ine" title="Míl Espáine">Míl Espáine</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Milesians_(Irish)" title="Milesians (Irish)">Milesians</a>). The name <i>Míl Espáine</i> comes from the Latin <i>Miles Hispaniae</i> ("soldier of <a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Hispania</a>"). After they land, they fight against the combined forces of the Tuath Dé and Fomorians. On their way to <a href="/wiki/Hill_of_Tara" title="Hill of Tara">Tara</a>, they are met on three mountains by the aforementioned Banba, Fódla and Ériu – the wives of Ireland's three kings. Each goddess asks that the Gaels name the land after her. One of the Gaels, <a href="/wiki/Amergin_Gl%C3%BAingel" title="Amergin Glúingel">Amergin</a>, promises that it shall be so. At Tara, they meet the three kings, who defend their claim to the joint kingship of the land. They ask that there be a three-day truce, during which the Gaels must stay a distance of nine waves from land. The Gaels agree, but once their ships are nine waves from Ireland, the Tuath Dé conjure up a great wind that prevents them from sailing back to land. However, Amergin calms the wind by reciting a verse. The surviving ships return to land and the two groups agree to divide Ireland between them. The Gaels take the world above, while the Tuath Dé take the world below (i.e. the <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Otherworld" title="Celtic Otherworld">Otherworld</a>) and enter the <a href="/wiki/Aos_S%C3%AD" title="Aos Sí">sídhe</a> mounds. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roll_of_the_pagan_kings_of_Ireland">Roll of the pagan kings of Ireland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Roll of the pagan kings of Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_High_Kings_of_Ireland" title="List of High Kings of Ireland">List of High Kings of Ireland</a></div> <p>Modelled on the Biblical <i><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Kings" title="Books of Kings">Books of Kings</a></i>, this chapter recounts the deeds of various kings of Ireland, most of them legendary or semi-legendary, from the time of Éber and Érimón to the early 5th century of the Christian era. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roll_of_the_Christian_kings_of_Ireland">Roll of the Christian kings of Ireland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Roll of the Christian kings of Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A continuation of the previous chapter, it is the most accurate part of <i>Lebor Gabála</i>, being concerned with historical kings of Ireland whose deeds and dates are preserved in contemporary written records. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_analysis">Modern analysis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Modern analysis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For many centuries, the <i>Lebor Gabála</i> was accepted as an accurate and reliable account of the history of Ireland. As late as the 17th century, <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Keating" title="Geoffrey Keating">Geoffrey Keating</a> drew on it while writing his history of Ireland, <i><a href="/wiki/Foras_Feasa_ar_%C3%89irinn" title="Foras Feasa ar Éirinn">Foras Feasa ar Éirinn</a></i>, and it was also used extensively by the authors of the <i><a href="/wiki/Annals_of_the_Four_Masters" title="Annals of the Four Masters">Annals of the Four Masters</a></i>. Recently, however, the work has been subjected to greater critical scrutiny. One contemporary scholar has placed it in "the tradition of historical fabrication or <i>pseudohistory</i>";<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> another has written of its "generally spurious character" and has drawn attention to its many "fictions", while acknowledging that it "embodies some popular traditions".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Rahilly1946264_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Rahilly1946264-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Irish archaeologist <a href="/wiki/R._A._Stewart_Macalister" title="R. A. Stewart Macalister">R. A. Stewart Macalister</a>, who translated the work into English, wrote: "There is not a single element of genuine historical detail, in the strict sense of the word, anywhere in the whole compilation".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacalister1939252_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacalister1939252-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The tale of the Gaels coming to Ireland is believed to be an invention of the Christian writers and an attempt to liken the Gaels to the Israelites.<sup id="cite_ref-mythlegendromance_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mythlegendromance-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey19949_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarey19949-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The claim of Scythian origins seems to be based on the superficial similarity of the names <i><a href="/wiki/Scoti" title="Scoti">Scoti</a></i> and <i>Scythae</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey199412_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarey199412-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other medieval pseudo-histories did likewise with other nations. For example, in his earlier <a href="/wiki/Historia_de_regibus_Gothorum,_Vandalorum_et_Suevorum" title="Historia de regibus Gothorum, Vandalorum et Suevorum"><i>History of the Goths</i></a>, described by James Carey as "a model of barbarian pseudohistory", <a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore</a> concludes that the <a href="/wiki/Goths" title="Goths">Goths</a> and <a href="/wiki/Getae" title="Getae">Gets</a> are related due to their similar names, and says that they (along with the Scythians) descend from Magog.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey199413_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarey199413-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The claim of Iberian origins may be based on three things: the coincidental similarity of the names <i>Iberia</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Hibernia" title="Hibernia">Hibernia</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-mythlegendromance_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mythlegendromance-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Isidore describing Iberia as the "mother[land] of the races",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey199412_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarey199412-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Orosius" title="Orosius">Orosius</a> describing Ireland as lying "between Iberia and Britain".<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The claim that the Gaels settled in the Maeotian marshes seems to have been taken from the <i>Book of the History of the Franks</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey199415_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarey199415-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and their travels to Crete and Sicily may have been based on the tale of <a href="/wiki/Aeneas" title="Aeneas">Aeneas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey199416_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarey199416-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other parts of the <i>Lebor Gabála</i> derive from pagan Gaelic mythology, most notably the divine Tuath Dé and the demonic Fomorians, who have been likened to the <a href="/wiki/%C3%86sir%E2%80%93Vanir_War" title="Æsir–Vanir War">Æsir and Vanir</a> of <a href="/wiki/Norse_mythology" title="Norse mythology">Norse mythology</a>. It is suggested that the Nemedians' struggle against the Fomorians is "an echo of the primordial clash" between these two groups of supernatural beings,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that the Fir Bolg are the human equivalent of the Fomorians.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While most scholars view the work as primarily myth rather than history, some have argued that it is loosely based on real events. In the 1940s, <a href="/wiki/T._F._O%27Rahilly" title="T. F. O'Rahilly">T. F. O'Rahilly</a> created a model of Irish prehistory based on his analysis of the <i>Lebor Gabála</i> and the early Irish language. He suggested that there were four waves of Celtic migrations or invasions: the <a href="/wiki/Cruthin" title="Cruthin">Cruthin</a> (c. 700–500 BC), the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89rainn" class="mw-redirect" title="Érainn">Érainn</a> or <a href="/wiki/Builg" class="mw-redirect" title="Builg">Builg</a> (c. 500 BC), the <a href="/wiki/Laigin" title="Laigin">Laigin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fir_Domnann" title="Fir Domnann">Domnainn</a> and Gálioin (c. 300 BC), and the Gaels (c. 100 BC). He argued that the first three groups spoke <a href="/wiki/Brittonic_languages" title="Brittonic languages">Brittonic languages</a>. O'Rahilly believed some of the 'invasions' in <i>Lebor Gabála</i> are based on these, but that others were invented by the writers. He also argued that many of Ireland's 'pre-Gaelic' peoples continued to flourish for centuries after 100 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Rahilly1946p.264;_pp._154_ff_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Rahilly1946p.264;_pp._154_ff-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> O'Rahilly's theory has been challenged by historians and archaeologists, and is no longer accepted.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <i><a href="/wiki/The_White_Goddess" title="The White Goddess">The White Goddess</a></i> (1948), British poet and mythologist <a href="/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves">Robert Graves</a> argued that myths brought to Ireland centuries before the introduction of writing were preserved and transmitted accurately by word of mouth before being written down in the Christian Era. Taking issue with Macalister, with whom he corresponded on this and other matters, he declared some of the <i>Lebor Gabála'</i>s traditions "archaeologically plausible".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGraves1948p.48_&_p.100_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGraves1948p.48_&_p.100-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>The White Goddess</i> itself has been the subject of much criticism by archaeologists and historians.<sup id="cite_ref-wood_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wood-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Text">Text</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Translations">Translations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Translations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Alexander_Stewart_Macalister_-_1870-to-1950.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Robert_Alexander_Stewart_Macalister_-_1870-to-1950.jpg/170px-Robert_Alexander_Stewart_Macalister_-_1870-to-1950.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Robert_Alexander_Stewart_Macalister_-_1870-to-1950.jpg/255px-Robert_Alexander_Stewart_Macalister_-_1870-to-1950.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Robert_Alexander_Stewart_Macalister_-_1870-to-1950.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="382" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/R._A._Stewart_Macalister" title="R. A. Stewart Macalister">Robert Alexander Stewart Macalister's</a> five volume English translation of <i>Lebor Gabála Érenn</i> was published between 1938 and 1956.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMacalister" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/R._A._Stewart_Macalister" title="R. A. Stewart Macalister">Macalister, R.A. Stewart</a> (ed.), "Lebor Gabála Érenn - The Book of the Taking of Ireland", <i>Irish Texts Society</i>, Educational Company of Ireland</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Texts+Society&rft.atitle=Lebor+Gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn+-+The+Book+of+the+Taking+of+Ireland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebor+Gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacalister1938" class="citation cs2">Macalister, R.A. Stewart, ed. (1938), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/leborgablare01macauoft"><i>Part I</i></a>, vol. 34, Irish Texts Society, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-870166-34-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-870166-34-5"><bdi>1-870166-34-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Part+I&rft.pub=Irish+Texts+Society&rft.date=1938&rft.isbn=1-870166-34-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fleborgablare01macauoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebor+Gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacalister1939" class="citation cs2">Macalister, R.A. Stewart, ed. (1939), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/LeborGablarennTheBookOfTheTakingOfIreland-Volume21939"><i>Part II</i></a>, vol. 35, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-870166-35-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-870166-35-3"><bdi>1-870166-35-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Part+II&rft.date=1939&rft.isbn=1-870166-35-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FLeborGablarennTheBookOfTheTakingOfIreland-Volume21939&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebor+Gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacalister1940" class="citation cs2">Macalister, R.A. Stewart, ed. (1940), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/leborgablare03macauoft"><i>Part III</i></a>, vol. 39, eIrish Texts Society, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-870166-39-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-870166-39-6"><bdi>1-870166-39-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Part+III&rft.pub=eIrish+Texts+Society&rft.date=1940&rft.isbn=1-870166-39-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fleborgablare03macauoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebor+Gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacalister1941" class="citation cs2">Macalister, R.A. Stewart, ed. (1941), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/leborgablare04macauoft"><i>Part IV</i></a>, vol. 41, eIrish Texts Society, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-870166-41-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-870166-41-8"><bdi>1-870166-41-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Part+IV&rft.pub=eIrish+Texts+Society&rft.date=1941&rft.isbn=1-870166-41-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fleborgablare04macauoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebor+Gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacalister1956" class="citation cs2">Macalister, R.A. Stewart, ed. (1956), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/leborgablare00macauoft"><i>Part V</i></a>, vol. 44, Educational Company of Ireland, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-870166-44-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-870166-44-2"><bdi>1-870166-44-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Part+V&rft.pub=Educational+Company+of+Ireland&rft.date=1956&rft.isbn=1-870166-44-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fleborgablare00macauoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebor+Gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacalister1916" class="citation cs2">Macalister, R.A. Stewart, ed. (1916), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/leabhargabhlab01cluoft/page/n3/mode/2up"><i>O'Clery's Redaction</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=O%27Clery%27s+Redaction&rft.date=1916&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fleabhargabhlab01cluoft%2Fpage%2Fn3%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebor+Gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Foras_Feasa_ar_%C3%89irinn" title="Foras Feasa ar Éirinn">Foras Feasa ar Éirinn</a></i>, The History of Ireland, ca. 1634 by <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Keating" title="Geoffrey Keating">Geoffrey Keating</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Historia_Brittonum" title="Historia Brittonum">Historia Brittonum</a></i>, The History of the Britons, 9th century</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Historia_Regum_Britanniae" title="Historia Regum Britanniae">Historia Regum Britanniae</a></i>, The History of the Kings of Britain, 12th century</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Historia_de_regibus_Gothorum,_Vandalorum_et_Suevorum" title="Historia de regibus Gothorum, Vandalorum et Suevorum">Historia de regibus Gothorum, Vandalorum et Suevorum</a></i>, History of the Kings of the Goths, Vandals and Suevi, 7th century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_O%27Hart" title="John O'Hart">John O'Hart</a>, author of <i>Irish pedigrees</i> (1892) - the book plots out most of the genealogy in Lebor Gabála Érenn</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leabhar_na_nGenealach" title="Leabhar na nGenealach">Leabhar na nGenealach</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankish_Table_of_Nations" title="Frankish Table of Nations">Frankish Table of Nations</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoch20061693–1695-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoch20061693–1695_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKoch2006">Koch 2006</a>, pp. 1693–1695.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-williams-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-williams_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-williams_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2016" class="citation cs2">Williams, Mark (2016), <i>Ireland's Immortals: A History of the Gods of Irish Myth</i>, Princeton University Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ireland%27s+Immortals%3A+A+History+of+the+Gods+of+Irish+Myth&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebor+Gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mythlegendromance-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mythlegendromance_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mythlegendromance_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mythlegendromance_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÓ_hÓgáin1991" class="citation book cs1">Ó hÓgáin, Dáithí (1991). <i>Myth, Legend & Romance: An encyclopaedia of the Irish folk tradition</i>. Prentice Hall Press. pp. 296–297.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Myth%2C+Legend+%26+Romance%3A+An+encyclopaedia+of+the+Irish+folk+tradition&rft.pages=296-297&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=%C3%93+h%C3%93g%C3%A1in&rft.aufirst=D%C3%A1ith%C3%AD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebor+Gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarey19941–4-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey19941–4_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey19941–4_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey19941–4_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarey1994">Carey 1994</a>, pp. 1–4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-koch1132-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-koch1132_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/John_T._Koch" title="John T. Koch">Koch, John T.</a> <i>Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia</i>. ABC-CLIO, 2006. p.1132</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoch20061132-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoch20061132_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKoch2006">Koch 2006</a>, p. 1132.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lennon-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lennon_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lennon_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lennon_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lennon_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lennon_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lennon_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLennon2008" class="citation book cs1">Lennon, Joseph (2008). <i>Irish Orientalism: A Literary and Intellectual History</i>. Syracuse University Press. pp. 29–36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8156-3164-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8156-3164-4"><bdi>978-0-8156-3164-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Irish+Orientalism%3A+A+Literary+and+Intellectual+History&rft.pages=29-36&rft.pub=Syracuse+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8156-3164-4&rft.aulast=Lennon&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebor+Gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacalister1938pp.xxvi-xxvii:_"If_we_cut_the_interpolated_sections_out,_we_find_ourselves_left_with_a_''History_of_the_Gaedil'',_based_upon_the_history_of_the_Children_of_Israel_as_it_is_set_forth_in_the_Old_Testament."-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacalister1938pp.xxvi-xxvii:_"If_we_cut_the_interpolated_sections_out,_we_find_ourselves_left_with_a_''History_of_the_Gaedil'',_based_upon_the_history_of_the_Children_of_Israel_as_it_is_set_forth_in_the_Old_Testament."_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacalister1938">Macalister 1938</a>, pp.xxvi-xxvii: "If we cut the interpolated sections out, we find ourselves left with a <i>History of the Gaedil</i>, based upon the history of the Children of Israel as it is set forth in the Old Testament.".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoch20061130-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoch20061130_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKoch2006">Koch 2006</a>, p. 1130.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarey19943-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey19943_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarey1994">Carey 1994</a>, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoch20061133-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoch20061133_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKoch2006">Koch 2006</a>, p. 1133.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarcellinus" class="citation cs2">Marcellinus, Ammianus, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/ammianus_15_book15.htm#C9"><i>Res Gestae</i></a>, 15:9</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Res+Gestae&rft.pages=15%3A9&rft.aulast=Marcellinus&rft.aufirst=Ammianus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tertullian.org%2Ffathers%2Fammianus_15_book15.htm%23C9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebor+Gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Curry1861" class="citation cs2">O'Curry, Eugene (1861), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lecturesonmanus00ocugoog#page/n325/mode/2up">"Lecture XIII"</a>, <i>Lectures on the Manuscript Materials of Ancient Irish History</i>, James Duffy, Dublin, pp. 294–295</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lectures+on+the+Manuscript+Materials+of+Ancient+Irish+History&rft.atitle=Lecture+XIII&rft.pages=294-295&rft.date=1861&rft.aulast=O%27Curry&rft.aufirst=Eugene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Flecturesonmanus00ocugoog%23page%2Fn325%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebor+Gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biography.wales/article/s-NENN-IUS-0800">"NENNIUS (NEMNIUS, NEMNIUUS) (Fl. C. A.D. 800), monk and antiquary | Dictionary of Welsh Biography"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NENNIUS+%28NEMNIUS%2C+NEMNIUUS%29+%28Fl.+C.+A.D.+800%29%2C+monk+and+antiquary+%26%23124%3B+Dictionary+of+Welsh+Biography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiography.wales%2Farticle%2Fs-NENN-IUS-0800&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebor+Gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDumville1974" class="citation cs2">Dumville, David (1974), "Some aspects of the chronology of the Historia Brittonum", <i>Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies</i>, <b>25</b> (4): 439–45</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Board+of+Celtic+Studies&rft.atitle=Some+aspects+of+the+chronology+of+the+Historia+Brittonum&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=439-45&rft.date=1974&rft.aulast=Dumville&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebor+Gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brady-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brady_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brady_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrady2022" class="citation book cs1">Brady, Lindy (2022). <i>The Origin Legends of Early Medieval Britain and Ireland</i>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 46–50.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origin+Legends+of+Early+Medieval+Britain+and+Ireland&rft.pages=46-50&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.aulast=Brady&rft.aufirst=Lindy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebor+Gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSjoestedt1949" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Marie-Louise_Sjoestedt" title="Marie-Louise Sjoestedt">Sjoestedt, Marie-Louise</a> (1949), <i>Celtic Gods and Heroes</i>, Dover Publications, 2000, p. 3</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Celtic+Gods+and+Heroes&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Dover+Publications%2C+2000&rft.date=1949&rft.aulast=Sjoestedt&rft.aufirst=Marie-Louise&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebor+Gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to (<a href="#CITEREFO'Donovan1849">O'Donovan 1849</a>, pp. xxiii–xxiv) the manuscript K<sup>1</sup> in the Royal Irish Academy is actually a fair copy of Mícheál Ó Cléirigh's autograph made by his fellow-master Peregrine O'Clery. The author's original manuscript was probably sent to <a href="/wiki/Leuven" title="Leuven">Louvain</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2015138-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2015138_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvans2015">Evans 2015</a>, p. 138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacalister193933–39,_61–65-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacalister193933–39,_61–65_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacalister1939">Macalister 1939</a>, pp. 33–39, 61–65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>, "A Coruña".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoch2006165-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoch2006165_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKoch2006">Koch 2006</a>, p. 165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarey199421-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey199421_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarey1994">Carey 1994</a>, p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-monaghan85-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-monaghan85_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-monaghan85_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Monaghan, p.85</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarey19949-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey19949_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey19949_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarey1994">Carey 1994</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Monaghan, p.376</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacCulloch200980,_89,_91-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacCulloch200980,_89,_91_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacCulloch2009">MacCulloch 2009</a>, pp. 80, 89, 91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmyth1996" class="citation cs2">Smyth, Daragh (1996), <i>A Guide to Irish Mythology</i>, Irish Academic Press, p. 74</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Guide+to+Irish+Mythology&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=Irish+Academic+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Smyth&rft.aufirst=Daragh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebor+Gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacCulloch200980-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacCulloch200980_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacCulloch2009">MacCulloch 2009</a>, p. 80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCockburn_MacAndrew1892" class="citation cs2">Cockburn MacAndrew, Henry (1892), "Ireland before the Conquest", <i>The Highland Monthly</i>, <b>3</b>, "Northern Chronicle" Office: 433–444</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Highland+Monthly&rft.atitle=Ireland+before+the+Conquest&rft.volume=3&rft.pages=433-444&rft.date=1892&rft.aulast=Cockburn+MacAndrew&rft.aufirst=Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebor+Gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacCulloch200989-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacCulloch200989_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacCulloch2009">MacCulloch 2009</a>, p. 89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Carey, in an introduction to the 1993 edition of R. A. Stewart Macalister's English translation; Francis John Byrne, in his <i>Irish Kings and High-Kings</i> (pp. 9–10) refers to the work as "a fantastic compound of genuine racial memories, exotic Latin learning and world history derived from Orosius and Isidore of Seville, euhemerised Celtic mythology, dynastic propaganda, folklore, and pure fiction".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Rahilly1946264-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Rahilly1946264_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFO'Rahilly1946">O'Rahilly 1946</a>, p. 264.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacalister1939252-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacalister1939252_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacalister1939">Macalister 1939</a>, p. 252.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Monaghan, p.331</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarey199412-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey199412_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey199412_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarey1994">Carey 1994</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarey199413-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey199413_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarey1994">Carey 1994</a>, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Monaghan, Patricia. <i>The Encyclopedia of Celtic Mythology and Folklore</i>. Infobase Publishing, 2014. p.332</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyireland.com/pre-history-archaeology/did-the-irish-come-from-spain/">"Did the Irish Come from Spain?"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/History_Ireland" title="History Ireland">History Ireland</a></i>, vol. 9, no. 3, 2001</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+Ireland&rft.atitle=Did+the+Irish+Come+from+Spain%3F&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyireland.com%2Fpre-history-archaeology%2Fdid-the-irish-come-from-spain%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebor+Gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarey199415-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey199415_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarey1994">Carey 1994</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarey199416-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey199416_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarey1994">Carey 1994</a>, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ó hÓgáin, <i>Myth, Legend & Romance</i>, p.318</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://celt.ucc.ie//LGOP.pdf">Online Index to the Lebor Gabála Érenn (Book of Invasions) based on R.A.S. Macalister's translations and notes: O - P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Corpus_of_Electronic_Texts" title="Corpus of Electronic Texts">Corpus of Electronic Texts</a>, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Rahilly1946p.264;_pp._154_ff-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Rahilly1946p.264;_pp._154_ff_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFO'Rahilly1946">O'Rahilly 1946</a>, p.264; pp. 154 ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradyO'DowdMercer_Walker1989" class="citation book cs1">Brady, Ciaran; O'Dowd, Mary; Mercer Walker, Brian, eds. (1989). <i>Ulster: An Illustrated History</i>. <a href="/wiki/Batsford_Books" title="Batsford Books">Batsford Books</a>. pp. 22–23. <q>T. F. O'Rahilly, whose historical conclusions have been questioned by archaeologists and historians. In particular, O'Rahilly's thesis on the chronology of the invasion has been subject to serious revision and, consequently, as explained in more detail below, his views on the ethnic makeup of early Ireland are no longer accepted.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ulster%3A+An+Illustrated+History&rft.pages=22-23&rft.pub=Batsford+Books&rft.date=1989&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebor+Gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Myles_Dillon" title="Myles Dillon">Dillon, Myles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nora_K._Chadwick" title="Nora K. Chadwick">Chadwick, Nora</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Celtic Realms: History and Civilization</i>. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 1967. p. 5. <q>He distinguished four successive immigrations: the Cruthin some time before 500 BC; the Érainn (Fir Bolg) perhaps in the fifth century; the Laigin (with Domnainn and Gálioin) in the third century; the Goidil who came c. 100 BC. ... O'Rahilly's most novel suggestion is that his first three groups spoke Brythonic dialects ... His demonstration is not convincing, and the notion that this more archaic language was brought latest, by a migration of the Quariates from south-east Gaul, is inherently improbable.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Celtic+Realms%3A+History+and+Civilization&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&rft.date=1967&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebor+Gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGraves1948p.48_&_p.100-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGraves1948p.48_&_p.100_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGraves1948">Graves 1948</a>, p.48 & p.100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wood-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wood_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood1999" class="citation book cs1">Wood, Juliette (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IoW9yhkrFJoC&pg=PA10">"Chapter 1, The Concept of the Goddess"</a>. In Sandra Billington, Miranda Green (ed.). <i>The Concept of the Goddess</i>. Routledge. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415197892" title="Special:BookSources/9780415197892"><bdi>9780415197892</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+1%2C+The+Concept+of+the+Goddess&rft.btitle=The+Concept+of+the+Goddess&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780415197892&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Juliette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIoW9yhkrFJoC%26pg%3DPA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebor+Gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHutton1993" class="citation book cs1">Hutton, Ronald (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wNpVJQAACAAJ"><i>The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles: Their Nature and Legacy</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>. p. 320. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780631189466" title="Special:BookSources/9780631189466"><bdi>9780631189466</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pagan+Religions+of+the+Ancient+British+Isles%3A+Their+Nature+and+Legacy&rft.pages=320&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9780631189466&rft.aulast=Hutton&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwNpVJQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebor+Gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans2015" class="citation journal cs1">Evans, Nicholas J. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/435692/1/Article.pdf">"Cultural Contacts and Ethnic Origins in Viking Age Wales and Northern Britain: The Case of Albanus, Britain's First Inhabitant and Scottish Ancestor"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Medieval History</i>. <b>41</b> (2): 131–154. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03044181.2015.1030438">10.1080/03044181.2015.1030438</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154125108">154125108</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medieval+History&rft.atitle=Cultural+Contacts+and+Ethnic+Origins+in+Viking+Age+Wales+and+Northern+Britain%3A+The+Case+of+Albanus%2C+Britain%27s+First+Inhabitant+and+Scottish+Ancestor&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=131-154&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03044181.2015.1030438&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154125108%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Nicholas+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhull-repository.worktribe.com%2F435692%2F1%2FArticle.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebor+Gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Donovan1849" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/John_O%27Donovan_(scholar)" title="John O'Donovan (scholar)">O'Donovan, John</a> (1849), <i>Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland by the Four Masters from the Eaeliest Period to the Year 1171</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annals+of+the+Kingdom+of+Ireland+by+the+Four+Masters+from+the+Eaeliest+Period+to+the+Year+1171&rft.date=1849&rft.aulast=O%27Donovan&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebor+Gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Rahilly1946" class="citation cs2">O'Rahilly, T.F (1946), <i>Early Irish History and Mythology</i>, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Irish+History+and+Mythology&rft.pub=Dublin+Institute+for+Advanced+Studies&rft.date=1946&rft.aulast=O%27Rahilly&rft.aufirst=T.F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebor+Gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraves1948" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves">Graves, Robert</a> (1948), <i>The White Goddess</i>, London: Faber & Faber</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+White+Goddess&rft.pub=London%3A+Faber+%26+Faber&rft.date=1948&rft.aulast=Graves&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebor+Gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScowcroft1987" class="citation cs2">Scowcroft, R.M. (1987), "Leabhar Gabhála Part I: The growth of the text", <i>Ériu</i>, <b>36</b>: 79–140</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%C3%89riu&rft.atitle=Leabhar+Gabh%C3%A1la+Part+I%3A+The+growth+of+the+text&rft.volume=36&rft.pages=79-140&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Scowcroft&rft.aufirst=R.M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebor+Gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScowcroft1988" class="citation cs2">Scowcroft, R.M. (1988), "Leabhar Gabhála Part II: The growth of the tradition", <i>Ériu</i>, <b>39</b>: 1–66</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%C3%89riu&rft.atitle=Leabhar+Gabh%C3%A1la+Part+II%3A+The+growth+of+the+tradition&rft.volume=39&rft.pages=1-66&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Scowcroft&rft.aufirst=R.M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebor+Gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarey1994" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/John_Carey_(Celticist)" title="John Carey (Celticist)">Carey, John</a> (1994), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucc.ie/en/media/academic/seanmeanghaeilge/cdi/texts/Carey_QuigginPamphletsI.pdf"><i>The Irish National Origin-Legend: Synthetic Pseudohistory</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, Quiggin Pamphlets on the Sources of Mediaeval Gaelic History, <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Anglo-Saxon,_Norse_and_Celtic,_University_of_Cambridge" title="Department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic, University of Cambridge">Department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic, University of Cambridge</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Irish+National+Origin-Legend%3A+Synthetic+Pseudohistory&rft.series=Quiggin+Pamphlets+on+the+Sources+of+Mediaeval+Gaelic+History&rft.pub=Department+of+Anglo-Saxon%2C+Norse+and+Celtic%2C+University+of+Cambridge&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Carey&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucc.ie%2Fen%2Fmedia%2Facademic%2Fseanmeanghaeilge%2Fcdi%2Ftexts%2FCarey_QuigginPamphletsI.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebor+Gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoch2006" class="citation cs2">Koch, John T (2006), <i>Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia</i>, ABC-CLIO</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Celtic+Culture%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Koch&rft.aufirst=John+T&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebor+Gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacCulloch2009" class="citation cs2">MacCulloch, John Arnott (2009), <i>The Religion of the Ancient Celts</i>, The Floating Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Religion+of+the+Ancient+Celts&rft.pub=The+Floating+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=MacCulloch&rft.aufirst=John+Arnott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebor+Gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarey2005" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/John_Carey_(Celticist)" title="John Carey (Celticist)">Carey, John</a> (2005), Fulton, Helen (ed.), "Lebor Gabála and the Legendary History of Ireland", <i>Medieval Celtic Literature and Society</i>, Four Courts, Dublin, pp. 32–48</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medieval+Celtic+Literature+and+Society&rft.atitle=Lebor+Gab%C3%A1la+and+the+Legendary+History+of+Ireland&rft.pages=32-48&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Carey&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebor+Gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarey1993" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/John_Carey_(Celticist)" title="John Carey (Celticist)">Carey, John</a> (1993), <i>A new introduction to Lebor Gabála Érenn. The Book of the taking of Ireland, edited and translated by R.A. Stewart Macalister</i>, Dublin: Irish Texts Society</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+new+introduction+to+Lebor+Gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn.+The+Book+of+the+taking+of+Ireland%2C+edited+and+translated+by+R.A.+Stewart+Macalister&rft.pub=Dublin%3A+Irish+Texts+Society&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Carey&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebor+Gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÓ_Buachalla1962" class="citation cs2">Ó Buachalla, Liam (1962), "The Lebor Gabala or book of invasions of Ireland", <i>Journal of the Cork Historical & Archaeological Society</i>, <b>67</b>: 70–9</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Cork+Historical+%26+Archaeological+Society&rft.atitle=The+Lebor+Gabala+or+book+of+invasions+of+Ireland&rft.volume=67&rft.pages=70-9&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=%C3%93+Buachalla&rft.aufirst=Liam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebor+Gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÓ_Concheanainn1998" class="citation cs2">Ó Concheanainn, Tomás (1998), Barnard, Toby (ed.), "Lebor Gabála in the Book of Lecan", <i>A Miracle of Learning. Studies in Manuscripts and Irish Learning. Essays in Honour of William O'Sullivan</i>, Aldershot and Bookfield: Ashgate, pp. 40–51</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=A+Miracle+of+Learning.+Studies+in+Manuscripts+and+Irish+Learning.+Essays+in+Honour+of+William+O%27Sullivan&rft.atitle=Lebor+Gab%C3%A1la+in+the+Book+of+Lecan&rft.pages=40-51&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=%C3%93+Concheanainn&rft.aufirst=Tom%C3%A1s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebor+Gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCockburn_MacAndrew1892" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-long-vol">Cockburn MacAndrew, Henry (1892), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OM0GAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA439"><i>Ireland before the Conquest</i></a>, vol. The Highland Monthly, Volume 3 (Digitised 2007 from original at Harvard University ed.), "Northern Chronicle" Office, pp. 433–444</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ireland+before+the+Conquest&rft.pages=433-444&rft.edition=Digitised+2007+from+original+at+Harvard+University&rft.pub=%22Northern+Chronicle%22+Office&rft.date=1892&rft.aulast=Cockburn+MacAndrew&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOM0GAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA439&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebor+Gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucc.ie/celt/indexLG.html">Online Index to the <i>Lebor Gabála Érenn</i> (Book of Invasions) based on R.A.S. Macalister's translations and notes</a>, CELT.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sejh.pagesperso-orange.fr/keltia/leborgab/leborgabala-R3.html">Lebor Gabála Érenn</a> from <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ballymote" title="Book of Ballymote">Book of Ballymote</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maryjones.us/ctexts/leborgabala.html">Lebor Gabála Érenn, Books 1–8</a>, Mary Jones' <i>Celtic Literature Collective</i>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timelessmyths.com/celtic/invasions.html">Book of Invasions</a>, <i>Timeless Myths</i>.</li> <li>A <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maryjones.us/jce/LGEoverview.pdf">brief overview</a> and large <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maryjones.us/jce/LGEGenealogy.pdf">genealogical chart</a> of Mythological Cycle narratives in the LGE are hosted at Mary Jones' Celtic Encyclopedia</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Irish_mythology:_the_Mythological_Cycle" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#c1e6c1;;background:#90db90;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Irish_mythology_(mythological)" title="Template:Irish mythology (mythological)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Irish_mythology_(mythological)" title="Template talk:Irish mythology (mythological)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Irish_mythology_(mythological)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Irish mythology (mythological)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Irish_mythology:_the_Mythological_Cycle" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Irish_mythology" title="Irish mythology">Irish mythology</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Mythological_Cycle" title="Mythological Cycle">Mythological Cycle</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_deities" title="List of Celtic deities">Supernatural<br />figures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tuatha_D%C3%A9_Danann" title="Tuatha Dé Danann">Tuatha Dé<br />Danann</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abc%C3%A1n" title="Abcán">Abcán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aed_(god)" title="Aed (god)">Aed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aengus" title="Aengus">Aengus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anu_(Irish_goddess)" title="Anu (Irish goddess)">Anu</a>-<a href="/wiki/Danu_(Irish_goddess)" title="Danu (Irish goddess)">Danu</a>-<a href="/wiki/Danand" title="Danand">Danand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81ine" title="Áine">Áine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1n%C3%A1nach" title="Bánánach">Bánánach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9_Chuille" title="Bé Chuille">Bé Chuille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9%E1%B8%83inn" title="Béḃinn">Béḃinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boann" title="Boann">Boann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodb_Derg" title="Bodb Derg">Bodb Derg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bres" title="Bres">Bres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_(mythology)" title="Brian (mythology)">Brian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigid" title="Brigid">Brigid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cermait" title="Cermait">Cermait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cian" title="Cian">Cian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%ADodhna" title="Clíodhna">Clídna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dagda" title="The Dagda">Dagda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delb%C3%A1eth" title="Delbáeth">Delbáeth</a>-<a href="/wiki/Tuireann" title="Tuireann">Tuirenn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dian_Cecht" title="Dian Cecht">Dian Cecht</a>-<a href="/wiki/Miach" title="Miach">Miach</a>-<a href="/wiki/Airmed" title="Airmed">Airmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecne" title="Ecne">Ecne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernmas" title="Ernmas">Ernmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ta%C3%ADn" title="Étaín">Étaín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89riu" title="Ériu">Ériu</a>-<a href="/wiki/Banba" title="Banba">Banba</a>-<a href="/wiki/F%C3%B3dla" title="Fódla">Fódla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiacha_mac_Delba%C3%ADth" title="Fiacha mac Delbaíth">Fiacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flidais" title="Flidais">Flidais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuamnach" title="Fuamnach">Fuamnach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9n" title="Lén">Lén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lir" title="Lir">Lir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugh" title="Lugh">Lug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Gr%C3%A9ine" title="Mac Gréine">Mac Gréine</a>-<a href="/wiki/Mac_Cuill" title="Mac Cuill">Mac Cuill</a>-<a href="/wiki/Mac_Cecht" title="Mac Cecht">Mac Cecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macha" title="Macha">Macha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manann%C3%A1n_mac_Lir" title="Manannán mac Lir">Manannán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midir" title="Midir">Midir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Morr%C3%ADgan" title="The Morrígan">Morrígan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Badb" title="Badb">Badb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nemain" title="Nemain">Nemain</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neit" title="Neit">Neit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuada_Airgetl%C3%A1m" title="Nuada Airgetlám">Nuada</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nechtan_(mythology)" title="Nechtan (mythology)">Nechtan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elcmar" title="Elcmar">Elcmar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogma" title="Ogma">Ogma</a></li> <li>Trí Dé Dána (<a href="/wiki/Goibniu" title="Goibniu">Goibniu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Creidhne" title="Creidhne">Credne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luchtaine" title="Luchtaine">Luchta</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fomorians" title="Fomorians">Fomhoraigh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balor" title="Balor">Balor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bres" title="Bres">Bres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cethlenn" title="Cethlenn">Cethlenn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cichol_Gricenchos" title="Cichol Gricenchos">Cichol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conand_(mythology)" title="Conand (mythology)">Conand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elatha" title="Elatha">Elatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethniu" title="Ethniu">Ethniu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tethra" title="Tethra">Tethra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cailleach" title="Cailleach">Caillech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carman" title="Carman">Carman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crom_Cruach" title="Crom Cruach">Crom Cruach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donn" title="Donn">Donn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mug_Ruith" title="Mug Ruith">Mug Ruith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tailtiu" title="Tailtiu">Tailtiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tlachtga" title="Tlachtga">Tlachtga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuan_mac_Cairill" title="Tuan mac Cairill">Tuan mac Cairill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Settlers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cessair" title="Cessair">Cesair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthol%C3%B3n" title="Partholón">Partholón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemed" title="Nemed">Nemed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fir_Bolg" title="Fir Bolg">Fir Bolg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aonghus_mac_%C3%9Amh%C3%B3r" title="Aonghus mac Úmhór">Aengus mac Umor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eochaid_mac_Eirc" title="Eochaid mac Eirc">Eochaid mac Eirc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiacha_Cennfinn%C3%A1n" title="Fiacha Cennfinnán">Fiacha Cennfinnán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fodbgen" title="Fodbgen">Fodbgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gann_mac_Dela" title="Gann mac Dela">Gann</a>-<a href="/wiki/Genann" title="Genann">Genann</a>-<a href="/wiki/Sengann_mac_Dela" title="Sengann mac Dela">Sengann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinnal" title="Rinnal">Rinnal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudraige_mac_Dela" title="Rudraige mac Dela">Rudraige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sl%C3%A1ine_mac_Dela" title="Sláine mac Dela">Sláine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sreng" title="Sreng">Sreng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Milesians_(Irish)" title="Milesians (Irish)">Milesians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amergin_Gl%C3%BAingel" title="Amergin Glúingel">Amergin Glúingel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breog%C3%A1n" title="Breogán">Breogán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ber_Donn" title="Éber Donn">Éber Donn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eber_Finn" title="Eber Finn">Éber Finn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89rim%C3%B3n" title="Érimón">Érimón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9nius_Farsaid" title="Fénius Farsaid">Fénius Farsaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go%C3%ADdel_Glas" title="Goídel Glas">Goídel Glas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1mfhind" title="Lámfhind">Lámfhind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%ADl_Esp%C3%A1ine" title="Míl Espáine">Míl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scota" title="Scota">Scota</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%">Creatures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aos_S%C3%AD" title="Aos Sí">Aes Síde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enbarr" title="Enbarr">Enbarr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Failinis" title="Failinis">Failinis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glas_Gaibhnenn" title="Glas Gaibhnenn">Glas Gaibhnenn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%">Items</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lugh#Areadbhar" title="Lugh">Areadbhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Treasures_of_the_Tuatha_D%C3%A9_Danann" title="Four Treasures of the Tuatha Dé Danann">Four Treasures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fragarach" title="Fragarach">Fragarach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BAin_of_Celtchar" title="Lúin of Celtchar">Lúin of Celtchar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uaithne" title="Uaithne">Uaithne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Otherworld" title="Celtic Otherworld">Otherworld</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mag_Mell" title="Mag Mell">Mag Mell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%ADr_na_n%C3%93g" title="Tír na nÓg">Tír na nÓg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donn" title="Donn">Tech Duinn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%BA_na_B%C3%B3inne" title="Brú na Bóinne">Brú na Bóinne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connla%27s_Well" class="mw-redirect" title="Connla's Well">Connla's Well</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emain_Ablach" title="Emain Ablach">Emain Ablach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fintan%27s_Grave" title="Fintan's Grave">Fintan's Grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_of_Tara" title="Hill of Tara">Teamhair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tory_Island" title="Tory Island">Toraigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_of_Uisneach" title="Hill of Uisneach">Uisneach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%">Texts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lebor Gabála Érenn</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cath_Maige_Tuired" title="Cath Maige Tuired">Cath Maige Tuired</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tochmarc_%C3%89ta%C3%ADne" title="Tochmarc Étaíne">Tochmarc Étaíne</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Children_of_Lir" title="Children of Lir">Aided Chlainne Lir</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brian_(mythology)" title="Brian (mythology)">Aided Chlainne Tuirenn</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Voyage_of_Bran" title="The Voyage of Bran">Immram Brain</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dindsenchas" title="Dindsenchas">Dindsenchas</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#c1e6c1;"><div><i>part of a series on <a href="/wiki/Celtic_mythology" title="Celtic mythology">Celtic mythology</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gaels" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gaels" title="Template:Gaels"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gaels" title="Template talk:Gaels"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gaels" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gaels"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gaels" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gaels" title="Gaels">Gaels</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General history</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland" title="Gaelic Ireland">Gaelic Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Norman_invasion_Irish_Celtic_kinship_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Norman invasion Irish Celtic kinship groups">Pre-Norman invasion Irish Celtic kinship groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_King_of_Ireland" title="High King of Ireland">High King of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_kingdoms" title="List of Irish kingdoms">Irish kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1l_Riata" title="Dál Riata">Dál Riata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Alba" title="Kingdom of Alba">Alba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Years%27_War_(Ireland)" title="Nine Years' War (Ireland)">Nine Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statutes_of_Iona" title="Statutes of Iona">Statutes of Iona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_of_the_Earls" title="Flight of the Earls">Flight of the Earls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantation_of_Ulster" title="Plantation of Ulster">Plantation of Ulster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1641" title="Irish Rebellion of 1641">1641 Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Act_for_the_Settlement_of_Ireland_1652" title="Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652">Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobitism" title="Jacobitism">Jacobitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobite_rising_of_1745" title="Jacobite rising of 1745">Jacobite rising of 1745</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penal_laws_(Ireland)" title="Penal laws (Ireland)">Penal Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_(Ireland)" title="Great Famine (Ireland)">Great Hunger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_diaspora" title="Irish diaspora">Irish diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Clearances" title="Highland Clearances">Highland Clearances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_revival" title="Gaelic revival">Gaelic Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaeltacht" title="Gaeltacht">Gaeltacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A0idhealtachd" title="Gàidhealtachd">Gàidhealtachd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gaelic culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham">Ogham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Irish_law" title="Early Irish law">Brehon law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_mythology" title="Irish mythology">Gaelic mythology</a></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lebor Gabála Érenn</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_warfare" title="Gaelic warfare">Gaelic warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Irish_astrology" title="Early Irish astrology">Gaelic astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_kinship" title="Irish kinship">Gaelic kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_bardic_poetry" title="Irish bardic poetry">Bardic poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_literature" title="Gaelic literature">Gaelic literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/Early_Irish_literature" title="Early Irish literature">Early Irish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Modern_literature_in_Irish" title="Modern literature in Irish">Modern Irish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_literature" title="Scottish Gaelic literature">Scottish Gaelic</a> & <a href="/wiki/Manx_literature" title="Manx literature">Manx</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_type" title="Gaelic type">Gaelic type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_script" title="Insular script">Insular script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1inne" title="Fáinne">Fáinne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_folk_music" title="Gaelic folk music">Gaelic folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean-n%C3%B3s_singing" title="Sean-nós singing">Sean-nós singing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oireachtas_na_Gaeilge" title="Oireachtas na Gaeilge">Oireachtas na Gaeilge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_National_M%C3%B2d" title="Royal National Mòd">Am Mòd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_games" title="Gaelic games">Gaelic games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_games" title="Highland games">Highland games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BAath" title="Túath">Túath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Christianity" title="Celtic Christianity">Insular Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiberno-Scottish_mission" title="Hiberno-Scottish mission">Gaelic Christian mission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Goidelic_languages" title="Goidelic languages">Language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Primitive_Irish" title="Primitive Irish">Primitive Irish</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Irish" title="Old Irish">Old Irish</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Middle_Irish" title="Middle Irish">Middle Irish</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Classical_Gaelic" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Gaelic">Classical Gaelic</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_language" title="Manx language">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Irish" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Irish_clans" title="Irish clans">Irish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_royal_families" title="Irish royal families">Royal families</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Irish_kings" title="Lists of Irish kings">Kings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_medical_families" title="Irish medical families">Medical families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_nobility_of_Ireland" title="Gaelic nobility of Ireland">Nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_genealogy" title="Irish genealogy">Genealogy</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="List" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_clans" title="List of Irish clans">List</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Connachta" title="Connachta">Connachta</a> (incl. <a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_N%C3%A9ill" title="Uí Néill">Uí Néill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Airg%C3%ADalla" title="Airgíalla">Clan Colla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clan_Donald" title="Clan Donald">Clan Donald</a>, <a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_Mh%C3%A1ine" title="Uí Mháine">Uí Mháine</a>, etc)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalcassians" title="Dalcassians">Dalcassians</a> (incl. <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9isi" title="Déisi">Déisi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E%C3%B3ganachta" title="Eóganachta">Eóganachta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iverni" title="Iverni">Érainn</a> (incl. <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1l_Riata" title="Dál Riata">Dál Riata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corcu_Lo%C3%ADgde" title="Corcu Loígde">Corcu Loígde</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1l_Fiatach" title="Dál Fiatach">Dál Fiatach</a>, etc)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laigin" title="Laigin">Laigin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulaid" title="Ulaid">Ulaid</a> (incl. <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1l_nAraidi" title="Dál nAraidi">Dál nAraidi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conmaicne" title="Conmaicne">Conmaicne</a>, and <a href="/wiki/C%C3%ADarraige" title="Cíarraige">Cíarraige</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_clans_in_Ulster" title="List of Irish clans in Ulster">Ulster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_clan" title="Scottish clan">Scottish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_clans" title="List of Scottish clans">List</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Adar%C3%A1s_na_Gaeltachta" title="Údarás na Gaeltachta">Údarás na Gaeltachta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foras_na_Gaeilge" title="Foras na Gaeilge">Foras na Gaeilge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B2rd_na_G%C3%A0idhlig" title="Bòrd na Gàidhlig">Bòrd na Gàidhlig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_Vannin" title="Culture Vannin">Culture Vannin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conradh_na_Gaeilge" title="Conradh na Gaeilge">Conradh na Gaeilge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Comunn_G%C3%A0idhealach" title="An Comunn Gàidhealach">An Comunn Gàidhealach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yn_%C3%87heshaght_Ghailckagh" title="Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh">Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seachtain_na_Gaeilge" title="Seachtain na Gaeilge">Seachtain na Gaeilge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gael_Linn" title="Gael Linn">Gael Linn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ULTACH_Trust" title="ULTACH Trust">ULTACH Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comunn_na_G%C3%A0idhlig" title="Comunn na Gàidhlig">Comunn na Gàidhlig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columba_Project" title="Columba Project">Columba Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clans_of_Ireland" title="Clans of Ireland">Clans of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Coimisin%C3%A9ir_Teanga" title="An Coimisinéir Teanga">An Coimisinéir Teanga</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related subjects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_R-M269" title="Haplogroup R-M269">Haplogroup R-M269</a> (<a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_the_British_Isles" title="Genetic history of the British Isles">human genetics</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse%E2%80%93Gaels" title="Norse–Gaels">Norse–Gaels</a> (incl. <a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_%C3%8Dmair" title="Uí Ímair">Uí Ímair</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clan_MacLeod" title="Clan MacLeod">Clan MacLeod</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Munster" title="Kingdom of Munster">Kingdom of Munster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Isles" title="Kingdom of the Isles">Kingdom of the Isles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelicisation" title="Gaelicisation">Gaelicisation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Gaels" title="Category:Gaels">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374129#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374129#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374129#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/181128265">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1382659/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n94008171">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb145282501">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb145282501">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/99011926">Norway</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/157455289">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lebor_Gabála_Érenn&oldid=1256543829">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lebor_Gabála_Érenn&oldid=1256543829</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:11th_century_in_Ireland" title="Category:11th century in Ireland">11th century in Ireland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:11th-century_literature" title="Category:11th-century literature">11th-century literature</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Early_Irish_literature" title="Category:Early Irish literature">Early Irish literature</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Flood_myths" title="Category:Flood myths">Flood myths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Invasions_of_Ireland" title="Category:Invasions of Ireland">Invasions of Ireland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Irish_chronicles" title="Category:Irish chronicles">Irish chronicles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Texts_in_Irish" title="Category:Texts in Irish">Texts in Irish</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Irish-language_literature" title="Category:Irish-language literature">Irish-language literature</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Regnal_lists" title="Category:Regnal lists">Regnal lists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mythological_Cycle" title="Category:Mythological Cycle">Mythological Cycle</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Poetry_anthologies" title="Category:Poetry anthologies">Poetry anthologies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Prehistoric_Europe" title="Category:Prehistoric Europe">Prehistoric Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Works_of_unknown_authorship" title="Category:Works of unknown authorship">Works of unknown authorship</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_with_empty_Wikidata_description" title="Category:Short description with empty Wikidata description">Short description with empty Wikidata description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:EngvarB_from_October_2013" title="Category:EngvarB from October 2013">EngvarB from October 2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_October_2013" title="Category:Use dmy dates from October 2013">Use dmy dates from October 2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 10 November 2024, at 12:18<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-9m94g","wgBackendResponseTime":165,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.719","walltime":"0.853","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4144,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":115730,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2962,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":6,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":143719,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 676.468 1 -total"," 28.98% 196.066 28 Template:Citation"," 16.46% 111.370 1 Template:Reflist"," 15.51% 104.911 6 Template:Navbox"," 14.17% 95.884 27 Template:Sfn"," 12.57% 85.061 1 Template:Irish_mythology_(mythological)"," 11.29% 76.353 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.73% 45.509 2 Template:Pagetype"," 5.76% 38.933 7 Template:Cite_book"," 4.75% 32.128 1 Template:Authority_control"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.427","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7214806,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFBrady2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBradyO\u0026#039;DowdMercer_Walker1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarey1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarey1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarey2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCockburn_MacAndrew1892\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFDumville1974\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvans2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGraves1948\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHutton1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKoch2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLennon2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacCulloch2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacalister\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacalister1916\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacalister1938\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacalister1939\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacalister1940\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacalister1941\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacalister1956\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarcellinus\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Curry1861\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Donovan1849\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Rahilly1946\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScowcroft1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScowcroft1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSjoestedt1949\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmyth1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliams2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWood1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFÓ_Buachalla1962\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFÓ_Concheanainn1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFÓ_hÓgáin1991\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 28,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 7,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Lebor Gabala Erenn\"] = 1,\n [\"EngvarB\"] = 1,\n [\"Gaels\"] = 1,\n [\"Harv\"] = 1,\n [\"Irish mythology (mythological)\"] = 1,\n [\"Italic title\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 3,\n [\"Refend\"] = 3,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 2,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 27,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-ps8jv","timestamp":"20241124053214","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Lebor Gab\u00e1la \u00c9renn","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q374129","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q374129","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-04-11T12:08:44Z","dateModified":"2024-11-10T12:18:32Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/9f\/Book_of_Leinster%2C_folio_53.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>