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"https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F705290%2FCultural_differences_in_the_organization_of_research_article_introductions_from_the_field_of_educational_psychology_English_and_Chinese%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":41664767,"identifier":"Attachment_41664767","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":705290,"created_at":"2011-06-29T09:24:43.118-07:00","from_world_paper_id":3671697,"updated_at":"2025-01-12T03:58:13.599-08:00","_data":{"publisher":"Elsevier","ai_abstract":"This research explores the cultural differences in the organization of research article introductions between English and Chinese in the field of educational psychology. It argues that genre analysis can be beneficial for novice academic writers by providing insights into the rhetorical structures and communicative purposes of diverse genres. By analyzing the differences in genre conventions and employing contrastive rhetorical analysis, the study aims to enhance understanding of how cultural context shapes academic writing.","publication_date":"2010,1,1","publication_name":"Journal of Pragmatics"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":0,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Cultural differences in the organization of research article introductions from the field of educational psychology: English and Chinese","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [39770,11050502]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":41664767,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Cultural differences in the organization of research article introductions from the field of educational psychology: English and Chinese”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/41664767/mini_magick20180818-27985-1yardfs.png?1534616302" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Cultural differences in the organization of research article introductions from the field of educational psychology: English and Chinese</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39770" href="https://otago.academia.edu/MoyraSweetnamEvans"><img alt="Profile image of Moyra Sweetnam Evans" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/39770/4859133/8573132/s65_moyra.sweetnam_evans.jpg" />Moyra Sweetnam Evans</a><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="11050502" href="https://warwick.academia.edu/CherylLoi"><img alt="Profile image of Cheryl Loi" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/11050502/3275035/17643044/s65_cheryl.loi.jpg" />Cheryl Loi</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2010, Journal of Pragmatics</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">12 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 705290; 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It argues that genre analysis can be beneficial for novice academic writers by providing insights into the rhetorical structures and communicative purposes of diverse genres. By analyzing the differences in genre conventions and employing contrastive rhetorical analysis, the study aims to enhance understanding of how cultural context shapes academic writing.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":41664767,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/705290/Cultural_differences_in_the_organization_of_research_article_introductions_from_the_field_of_educational_psychology_English_and_Chinese"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":41664767,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/705290/Cultural_differences_in_the_organization_of_research_article_introductions_from_the_field_of_educational_psychology_English_and_Chinese"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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(2014). The Journal of Teaching English for Specific and Academic Purposes. Vol. 2, No 1, pp. 1-20</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5156584" href="https://rmit.academia.edu/DanaChahal">Dana Chahal</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Academic writing has been recently conceptualized as "collective social practices" (Hyland 2004, 1) constructed through particular genre types and disciplinespecific discourses. A significant body of the literature examining genre and disciplinarity has focused on the research article (RA) as a central type of academic writing practice. However, the RA genre has been principally investigated in Science-based disciplines and comparatively overlooked in the Humanities. This paper is an exploratory textual genre analysis study of the rhetorical structure of RA Introductions (RAIs) (Maton 2000a, b) as produced in the writing of its experts; and discusses the results according to their implications on English for Specific/Academic Purposes pedagogy. The study thus reiterates the critical interplay between genre and disciplinarity in the social construction of written knowledge.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Research Article Introductions in Cultural Studies: A Genre Analysis Exploration of Rhetorical Structure. (2014). The Journal of Teaching English for Specific and Academic Purposes. Vol. 2, No 1, pp. 1-20","attachmentId":37450503,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12143126/Research_Article_Introductions_in_Cultural_Studies_A_Genre_Analysis_Exploration_of_Rhetorical_Structure_2014_The_Journal_of_Teaching_English_for_Specific_and_Academic_Purposes_Vol_2_No_1_pp_1_20","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/12143126/Research_Article_Introductions_in_Cultural_Studies_A_Genre_Analysis_Exploration_of_Rhetorical_Structure_2014_The_Journal_of_Teaching_English_for_Specific_and_Academic_Purposes_Vol_2_No_1_pp_1_20"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="7775004" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7775004/Carstens_A_2008_Preferred_genres_and_rhetorical_modes_in_the_humanities_and_social_sciences_Language_Matters_39_1_49_65">Carstens, A. 2008. Preferred genres and rhetorical modes in the humanities and social sciences. Language Matters 39(1):49-65.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="109857" href="https://up-za.academia.edu/AdeliaCarstens">Adelia Carstens</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The article reports on a research project aimed at identifying salient written genres and text types/rhetorical modes in the Faculty of Humanities at a large university in Gauteng, South</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Carstens, A. 2008. Preferred genres and rhetorical modes in the humanities and social sciences. Language Matters 39(1):49-65.","attachmentId":34286725,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/7775004/Carstens_A_2008_Preferred_genres_and_rhetorical_modes_in_the_humanities_and_social_sciences_Language_Matters_39_1_49_65","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/7775004/Carstens_A_2008_Preferred_genres_and_rhetorical_modes_in_the_humanities_and_social_sciences_Language_Matters_39_1_49_65"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="32383449" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32383449/A_CONTRASTIVE_GENRE_BASED_STUDY_ENGLISH_AND_MALAY">A CONTRASTIVE GENRE-BASED STUDY: ENGLISH AND MALAY</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="62859825" href="https://bartin.academia.edu/CemOdac%C4%B1o%C4%9Flu">Cem Odacıoğlu</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper reports on a contrastive genre-based study comparing the employment of communicative purposes (moves) and rhetorical strategies (steps) between Malay and English research article discussions in using the move-structure models proposed by Holmes (1997). The focus is on research article discussions in the field of humanities and social sciences. Results show that both sets of discussions emphasize Move 2 (evaluating the findings). Overall, article discussions in both languages show the presence of the three moves (introductory, evaluation and conclusion) although Move 1 and Move 3 are under-represented in Malay discussions. The rhetorical-step model of English discussions that emerged in the present study (see Table 1) will be worth exploring with language instructors and ESL (English as second language) students (Malay ESL students in particular) in EAP classrooms.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A CONTRASTIVE GENRE-BASED STUDY: ENGLISH AND MALAY","attachmentId":52585167,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/32383449/A_CONTRASTIVE_GENRE_BASED_STUDY_ENGLISH_AND_MALAY","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/32383449/A_CONTRASTIVE_GENRE_BASED_STUDY_ENGLISH_AND_MALAY"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="111282006" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/111282006/Rhetorical_variations_in_research_article_abstracts_and_introductions_in_linguistics_and_applied_linguistics">Rhetorical variations in research article abstracts and introductions in linguistics and applied linguistics</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="19220220" href="https://mahidol.academia.edu/WatineeSuntara">Watinee Suntara</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The present study explored the rhetorical variations and the relationship within two related genres from two related disciplines. The two related genres were research article abstracts and introductions. The two related disciplines were linguistics and applied linguistics. This chapter provided background of the study, statement of the problem, research objectives and research questions, and significance of the study. The last section listed abbreviations and definition of terms used in the present study. 1.1 Background of the Study Research article is the dominant form of professional paper whose communicative purpose is mainly to share new findings with other members of the authors' discourse community. Writing a paper that is acceptable for publication in a scholarly journal is a challenge to novice writers, especially for non-native speakers. They have to follow a particular pattern of organization accepted by members of that professional community. Understanding the pattern of organization of research articles in such a profession is essential. For the textual overview of the research article, Bruce (1983) suggested that the predominant Introduction-Method-Results-Discussion format follows the logical cycle of an inductive inquiry. Research article abstracts and introductions are at the beginning of an article. They are the first parts of an article to be read by readers. Salager-Meyer (1992) stated Table 2.1 The Comparisons of ESP, New Rhetoric and Australian Genre Studies Schools ESP Genre Analysis New Rhetoric Studies Australian Genre Studies Defining Criteria Communicative purpose Recurrent social actions Goal-oriented purposeful activity Social context of use Discourse community Community ownership Context of culture Perspectives on text Genre shapes the schematic structure of the discourse and constraints the choice of context and style Genre knowledge includes both form and content and a sense of what is appropriate to a particular purpose at a particular point of time Genre is concerned with systems of social processes: the ways in which field, mode, and tenor are phrased into each other; these variables converge on texture. Medium of analysis Texts Users and context Text Unit of analysis Move and step-Stage Research methods Analysis of text Case studies, interview, observation, protocols Analysis of text Genre studies RAs in various disciplines, dissertations, business, dissertations, business, communications, legal cases, etc. BJCP BJHP BJEP LCP Experimental articles Review articles Experimental articles Review articles Experimental articles Review articles Experimental articles Review articles Objectives Design Methods Results Conclusions Purpose Methods Results Conclusions Objectives Design Methods Results Conclusions Purpose Methods Results Conclusions Background Aims Sample Method Results Conclusions Comment (optional)</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Rhetorical variations in research article abstracts and introductions in linguistics and applied linguistics","attachmentId":108862417,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111282006/Rhetorical_variations_in_research_article_abstracts_and_introductions_in_linguistics_and_applied_linguistics","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/111282006/Rhetorical_variations_in_research_article_abstracts_and_introductions_in_linguistics_and_applied_linguistics"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="1638340" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1638340/Genre_analysis_English_in_academic_and_research_settings">Genre analysis: English in academic and research settings</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1916496" href="https://uts.academia.edu/SusanneHeuberger">Susanne Heuberger</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">1990</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Genre analysis: English in academic and research settings","attachmentId":50889952,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1638340/Genre_analysis_English_in_academic_and_research_settings","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1638340/Genre_analysis_English_in_academic_and_research_settings"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="554831" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/554831/Writing_Research_Across_Borders_II_Session_K_Sunday_February_20_10_30am_12_00pm_K1_Converging_streams_Rhetorical_and_textual_approaches_to_genre_">Writing Research Across Borders II Session K Sunday, February 20 10: 30am-12: 00pm K1 Converging streams? Rhetorical and textual approaches to genre …</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="144697" href="https://kansas.academia.edu/AmyDevitt">Amy J. Devitt</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">writing.ucsb.edu</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Writing Research Across Borders II Session K Sunday, February 20 10: 30am-12: 00pm K1 Converging streams? Rhetorical and textual approaches to genre …","attachmentId":3464684,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/554831/Writing_Research_Across_Borders_II_Session_K_Sunday_February_20_10_30am_12_00pm_K1_Converging_streams_Rhetorical_and_textual_approaches_to_genre_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/554831/Writing_Research_Across_Borders_II_Session_K_Sunday_February_20_10_30am_12_00pm_K1_Converging_streams_Rhetorical_and_textual_approaches_to_genre_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="90901564" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/90901564/Rhetorical_Structure_of_Applied_Linguistics_Research_Article_Discussions_A_Comparative_Cross_Cultural_Analysis">Rhetorical Structure of Applied Linguistics Research Article Discussions: A Comparative Cross-Cultural Analysis</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="40750386" href="https://volsu.academia.edu/LeilaAhmadi">Leila Ahmadi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Language and Education, 2022</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Background. Recent years have seen tremendous research efforts in the development of English for academic and research publication purposes, utilising an established approach to comparative genre analysis. This growing interest is primarily driven by the global dominance of Anglophone writing conventions, which necessitates raising awareness among researchers, particularly in non-Anglophone contexts. Purpose. This study explored and analysed the communicative intents of the discussion sections in research articles in two different contexts to investigate the effect of nativeness on the structural organisation in this genre. The focus of the study was on the rhetorical structure and employment of Moves in the applied linguistics research article Discussions, written in English by Iranian and native English-speaking researchers. Methods. A mixed-methods research study was conducted on two corpora, comprising 40 Discussions written by Iranian scholars and 40 Discussions written by native English-speaking scholars, selected from research articles published in international peer-reviewed journals. Results. The comparison of the two corpora revealed similarities and differences in the frequency, type, structure, sequence, and cyclicity of Moves. While there were significant differences in the frequency and sequence of Moves and Steps, both corpora employed the same types. They featured cyclical structures with no evidence of linear patterns across the Discussions. Both groups of researchers found it essential to provide background information and report and comment on the results in the research article Discussions, however, with notable differences in commenting strategies, i.e., Steps. The results indicated that socio-cultural conventions might have influenced the scholars' under-and over-employment of certain Moves and Steps in the research article Discussions. Implications. The findings of this study provide research-based evidence to practically and pedagogically assist in the context of English for academic and specific purposes, particularly in teaching English for research publication purposes to non-native English-speaking scholars.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Rhetorical Structure of Applied Linguistics Research Article Discussions: A Comparative Cross-Cultural Analysis","attachmentId":94336027,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/90901564/Rhetorical_Structure_of_Applied_Linguistics_Research_Article_Discussions_A_Comparative_Cross_Cultural_Analysis","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/90901564/Rhetorical_Structure_of_Applied_Linguistics_Research_Article_Discussions_A_Comparative_Cross_Cultural_Analysis"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="125061497" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/125061497/Genre_analysis_English_in_academic_and_research_settings_John_M_Swales">Genre analysis: English in academic and research settings / John M. Swales</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32528593" href="https://umich.academia.edu/JohnSwales">John Swales</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">1991</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Genre analysis: English in academic and research settings / John M. Swales","attachmentId":119172826,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/125061497/Genre_analysis_English_in_academic_and_research_settings_John_M_Swales","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/125061497/Genre_analysis_English_in_academic_and_research_settings_John_M_Swales"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="543099" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/543099/Rhetorical_community_The_cultural_basis_of_genre">Rhetorical community: The cultural basis of genre</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="413194" href="https://flm.academia.edu/marwakanzari">marwa kanzari</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Genre and the new rhetoric, 1994</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Rhetorical community: The cultural basis of genre","attachmentId":51363819,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/543099/Rhetorical_community_The_cultural_basis_of_genre","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/543099/Rhetorical_community_The_cultural_basis_of_genre"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="14861583" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14861583/A_Review_of_Genre_Approaches_within_Linguistic_Traditions">A Review of Genre Approaches within Linguistic Traditions</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2786251" href="https://teknologimalaysia.academia.edu/WanFarahWani">Wan Farah Wani</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Language for Specific Purposes International Journal, 2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper reviews three major approaches to genre analysis; Rhetorical Genre Studies (RGS), English for Specific Purposes (ESP) and Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL). Based on the review, it is noted that RGS is an approach which regards genre as a form of social action involving analysis of genre through detailed accounts of the social and cultural contexts with an emphasis on how a genre fulfills its social purpose and actions. On the other hand, ESP is an approach which views genre as a communicative event characterised by their communicative purposes as well as rhetorical features where the discourse community acts as those which recognises and sanctions the acceptance of a genre. The final genre approach, which is SFL, perceives genre as the cultural purpose of texts, achieved through a genre’s structural and realisational patterns where meanings are made within the genre. Overall, the ESP and SFL approaches share fundamental view that linguistic features of texts are connected to social context and function. Thus both of the approaches take on a linguistic approach in describing genres. RGS, in contrast, investigates genres through the study of society in which genre is being used thus taking an ethnographic approach to analysis of genres. This paper concludes with a discussion on the concept of genre presented in the various approaches and the possible emergence of other approaches in the study of genre.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Review of Genre Approaches within Linguistic Traditions","attachmentId":38450671,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14861583/A_Review_of_Genre_Approaches_within_Linguistic_Traditions","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14861583/A_Review_of_Genre_Approaches_within_Linguistic_Traditions"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":41664767,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":41664767,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_41664767" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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