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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Aircraft designer</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aircraft_designer-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Aircraft designer subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aircraft_designer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-List_of_aircraft_designed_by_Sikorsky" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_aircraft_designed_by_Sikorsky"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>List of aircraft designed by Sikorsky</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_aircraft_designed_by_Sikorsky-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Life_in_the_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Life_in_the_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Life in the United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Life_in_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philosophical_and_religious_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philosophical_and_religious_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Philosophical and religious views</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philosophical_and_religious_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Published_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Published_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Published works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Published_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Igor Sikorsky</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 57 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Sikorsky" title="Igor Sikorsky – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Igor Sikorsky" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%8A" title="إيغور سيكورسكي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إيغور سيكورسكي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0qor_Sikorskiy" title="İqor Sikorskiy – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İqor Sikorskiy" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%86%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Ігар Іванавіч Сікорскі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ігар Іванавіч Сікорскі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Ігар Сікорскі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ігар Сікорскі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Игор Сикорски – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Игор Сикорски" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dgor_Sikorski" title="Ígor Sikorski – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ígor Sikorski" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Sikorskij" title="Igor Sikorskij – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Igor Sikorskij" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Sikorsky" title="Igor Sikorsky – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Igor Sikorsky" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Iwanowitsch_Sikorski" title="Igor Iwanowitsch Sikorski – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Igor Iwanowitsch Sikorski" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Sikorski" title="Igor Sikorski – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Igor Sikorski" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dgor_Sikorski" title="Ígor Sikorski – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ígor Sikorski" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Sikorski" title="Igor Sikorski – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Igor Sikorski" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Sikorski" title="Igor Sikorski – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Igor Sikorski" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="ایگور سیکورسکی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایگور سیکورسکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Sikorsky" title="Igor Sikorsky – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Igor Sikorsky" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Sikorsky" title="Igor Sikorsky – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Igor Sikorsky" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Sikorsky" title="Igor Sikorsky – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Igor Sikorsky" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EA%B3%A0%EB%A6%AC_%EC%8B%9C%EC%BD%94%EB%A5%B4%EC%8A%A4%ED%82%A4" title="이고리 시코르스키 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이고리 시코르스키" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Sikorsky" title="Igor Sikorsky – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Igor Sikorsky" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Sikorsky" title="Igor Sikorsky – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Igor Sikorsky" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Ivanovich_Sikorsky" title="Igor Ivanovich Sikorsky – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Igor Ivanovich Sikorsky" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Sikorsky" title="Igor Sikorsky – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Igor Sikorsky" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99" title="איגור סיקורסקי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איגור סיקורסקי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="იგორ სიკორსკი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იგორ სიკორსკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inguarus_Sikorski" title="Inguarus Sikorski – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Inguarus Sikorski" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igors_Sikorskis" title="Igors Sikorskis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Igors Sikorskis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Sikorsky" title="Igor Sikorsky – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Igor Sikorsky" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igoris_Sikorskis" title="Igoris Sikorskis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Igoris Sikorskis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Sikorsky" title="Igor Sikorsky – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Igor Sikorsky" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Sikorsky" title="Igor Sikorsky – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Igor Sikorsky" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF" title="ഇഗോർ സികോർസ്കി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇഗോർ സികോർസ്കി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%89" title="ايجور سيكورسكى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ايجور سيكورسكى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Sikorsky" title="Igor Sikorsky – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Igor Sikorsky" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Игорь Сикорский – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Игорь Сикорский" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Sikorsky" title="Igor Sikorsky – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Igor Sikorsky" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="इगोर सिकोर्स्की – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="इगोर सिकोर्स्की" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B4%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AD%E3%82%A4" title="イーゴリ・シコールスキイ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イーゴリ・シコールスキイ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Sikorsky" title="Igor Sikorsky – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Igor Sikorsky" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Sikorsky" title="Igor Sikorsky – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Igor Sikorsky" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Sikorsky" title="Igor Sikorsky – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Igor Sikorsky" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Sikorski" title="Igor Sikorski – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Igor Sikorski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Sikorsky" title="Igor Sikorsky – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Igor Sikorsky" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Sikorski" title="Igor Sikorski – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Igor Sikorski" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%98%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Сикорский, Игорь Иванович – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сикорский, Игорь Иванович" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Sikorsky" title="Igor Sikorsky – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Igor Sikorsky" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Sikorsky" title="Igor Sikorsky – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Igor Sikorsky" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Ivanovi%C4%8D_Sikorski" title="Igor Ivanovič Sikorski – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Igor Ivanovič Sikorski" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Игор Сикорски – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Игор Сикорски" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a 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For the skier, see <a href="/wiki/Igor_Sikorski_(skier)" title="Igor Sikorski (skier)">Igor Sikorski (skier)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Igor Sikorsky</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="nickname" lang="ru"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru" style="font-style: normal;">Игорь Сикорский</span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sikorsky,_Igor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Sikorsky%2C_Igor.jpg/220px-Sikorsky%2C_Igor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Sikorsky%2C_Igor.jpg/330px-Sikorsky%2C_Igor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Sikorsky%2C_Igor.jpg/440px-Sikorsky%2C_Igor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="675" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Studio portrait, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1950</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Igor Ivanovich Sikorsky</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1889-05-25</span>)</span>May 25, 1889<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiev">Kiev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiev_Governorate" title="Kiev Governorate">Kiev Governorate</a>, Russian Empire</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">October 26, 1972<span style="display:none">(1972-10-26)</span> (aged 83)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Easton,_Connecticut" title="Easton, Connecticut">Easton, Connecticut</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Russian-American" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian-American">Russian-American</a><sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_Concise_Encyclopedia_p._1751_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica_Concise_Encyclopedia_p._1751-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sergei_Sikorsky:_Reflecting_on_the_90th_Anniversary_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sergei_Sikorsky:_Reflecting_on_the_90th_Anniversary-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jacobson_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jacobson-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Polytechnic_Institute" title="Kyiv Polytechnic Institute">Kyiv Polytechnic Institute</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_sup%C3%A9rieure_des_techniques_a%C3%A9ronautiques_et_de_construction_automobile" title="École supérieure des techniques aéronautiques et de construction automobile">ETACA</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Aircraft designer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Founding of <a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_Aircraft" title="Sikorsky Aircraft">Sikorsky Aircraft</a>; first successful mass-produced <a href="/wiki/Helicopter" title="Helicopter">helicopter</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_R-4" title="Sikorsky R-4">Sikorsky R-4</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Olga Fyodorovna Simkovitch</li><li>Elisabeth Semion</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">5</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Vladimir" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of St. Vladimir">Order of St. Vladimir</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/The_Franklin_Institute_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="The Franklin Institute Awards">Howard N. Potts Medal</a> (1933)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Guggenheim_Medal" title="Daniel Guggenheim Medal">Daniel Guggenheim Medal</a> (1951)</li><li><a href="/wiki/ASME_Medal" title="ASME Medal">ASME Medal</a> (1963)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Wright_Brothers_Memorial_Trophy" title="Wright Brothers Memorial Trophy">Wright Brothers Memorial Trophy</a> (1966)</li><li><a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">National Medal of Science</a> (1967)</li><li><a href="/wiki/John_Fritz_Medal" title="John Fritz Medal">John Fritz Medal</a> (1968)</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Igor Ivanovich Sikorsky</b> ([Игорь Иванович Сикорский] <span style="color:#d33">Error: {{Langx}}: invalid parameter: |a= (<a href="/wiki/Category:Lang_and_lang-xx_template_errors" title="Category:Lang and lang-xx template errors">help</a>)</span>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: <span lang="uk">Ігор Іванович Сікорський</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ukrainian" title="Romanization of Ukrainian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ukrainian-language romanization"><i lang="uk-Latn">Ihor Ivanovych Sikorskyi</i></span>; 25 May 1889 – 26 October 1972)<sup id="cite_ref-nam_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nam-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a <a href="/wiki/Russian%E2%80%93American" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian–American">Russian–American</a><sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_Concise_Encyclopedia_p._1751_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica_Concise_Encyclopedia_p._1751-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sergei_Sikorsky:_Reflecting_on_the_90th_Anniversary_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sergei_Sikorsky:_Reflecting_on_the_90th_Anniversary-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jacobson_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jacobson-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Aviation_pioneer" class="mw-redirect" title="Aviation pioneer">aviation pioneer</a> in both <a href="/wiki/Helicopter" title="Helicopter">helicopters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fixed-wing_aircraft" title="Fixed-wing aircraft">fixed-wing aircraft</a>. His first success came with the <a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-2" title="Sikorsky S-2">Sikorsky S-2</a>, the second aircraft of his design and construction. His fifth airplane, the <a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-5" title="Sikorsky S-5">S-5</a>, won him national recognition and F.A.I. pilot's license number 64.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His <a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-6" title="Sikorsky S-6">S-6-A</a> received the highest award at the 1912 Moscow Aviation Exhibition, and in the fall of that year the aircraft won first prize for its young designer, builder and pilot in the military competition at Saint Petersburg.<sup id="cite_ref-sikorskyarchives_his2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sikorskyarchives_his2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1913, the Sikorsky-designed <a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_Russky_Vityaz" title="Sikorsky Russky Vityaz"><i>Russky Vityaz</i> (S-21)</a> became the first successful four-engine aircraft to take flight. He also designed and built the <a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_Ilya_Muromets" title="Sikorsky Ilya Muromets"><i>Ilya Muromets</i> (S-22 – S-27)</a> family of four-engine aircraft, an airliner which he redesigned to be the world's first four-engine <a href="/wiki/Bomber" title="Bomber">bomber</a> when <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> broke out. </p><p>After immigrating to the United States in 1919 because of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a>, Sikorsky founded the <a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_Aircraft" title="Sikorsky Aircraft">Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation</a> in 1923,<sup id="cite_ref-Sik_history_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sik_history-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and developed the first of <a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Airways" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan American Airways">Pan American Airways</a>' ocean-crossing <a href="/wiki/Flying_boats" class="mw-redirect" title="Flying boats">flying boats</a> in the 1930s, including the <a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-42" title="Sikorsky S-42">Sikorsky S-42</a> "Flying Clipper". </p><p>In 1939, Sikorsky designed and flew the <a href="/wiki/Vought-Sikorsky_VS-300" title="Vought-Sikorsky VS-300">Vought-Sikorsky VS-300</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the first viable American helicopter, which pioneered the single main rotor and a single antitorque tail rotor configuration used by most helicopters today.<sup id="cite_ref-Woods_1979,_p._262_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woods_1979,_p._262-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sikorsky modified the design into the <a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_R-4" title="Sikorsky R-4">Sikorsky R-4</a>, which became the world's first mass-produced helicopter in 1942. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2></div> <p>Igor Sikorsky was born in Kiev, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>) on May 25, 1889.<sup id="cite_ref-sikorskyarchives_his2_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sikorskyarchives_his2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the youngest of five children. His father, Ivan Alexeevich Sikorsky, was a professor of <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">psychology</a> in <a href="/wiki/Taras_Shevchenko_National_University_of_Kyiv" title="Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv">Saint Vladimir University</a> (now Taras Shevchenko National University), a psychiatrist with an international reputation, and an ardent <a href="/wiki/Russian_nationalism" title="Russian nationalism">Russian nationalist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.com_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Igor Sikorsky was an <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Orthodox Christian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When questioned regarding his roots, he would answer: "My family is of Russian origin. My grandfather and other ancestors from the time of Peter the Great were <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox</a> priests."<sup id="cite_ref-Jacobson_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jacobson-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sikorsky's mother, Mariya Stefanovna Sikorskaya (née Temryuk-<a href="/wiki/Cherkasov" title="Cherkasov">Cherkasova</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a physician who did not work professionally. She is sometimes called Zinaida Sikorsky. While <a href="/wiki/Homeschooling" title="Homeschooling">homeschooling</a> young Igor, she gave him a great love for art, especially in the life and work of <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a>, and the stories of <a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne">Jules Verne</a>. In 1900, at age 11, he accompanied his father to Germany and through conversations with his father, became interested in <a href="/wiki/Natural_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural sciences">natural sciences</a>. After returning home, Sikorsky began to experiment with model flying machines, and by age 12, he had made a small rubber band-powered helicopter.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sikorsky began studying at the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> Maritime Cadet Corps, in 1903, at the age of 14. In 1906, he determined that his future lay in engineering, so he resigned from the academy, despite his satisfactory standing, and left the Russian Empire to study in Paris. He returned to the Russian Empire in 1907, enrolling at the Mechanical College of the <a href="/wiki/Igor_Sikorsky_Kyiv_Polytechnic_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute">Kyiv Polytechnic Institute</a>. After the academic year, Sikorsky again accompanied his father to Germany in the summer of 1908, where he learned of the accomplishments of the <a href="/wiki/Wright_brothers" title="Wright brothers">Wright brothers</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/Wright_Flyer" title="Wright Flyer">Flyer</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_von_Zeppelin" title="Ferdinand von Zeppelin">Ferdinand von Zeppelin</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Rigid_airship" title="Rigid airship">rigid airships</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-franklin2_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-franklin2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sikorsky later said about this event: "Within twenty-four hours, I decided to change my life's work. I would study aviation."<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the start of World War I in 1914, Sikorsky's airplane research and production business in Kyiv was flourishing, and his factory made bombers during the war. After the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a> in 1917, Igor Sikorsky fled his homeland in early 1918, because the <a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolsheviks</a> threatened to shoot him for being "the <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_II_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas II of Russia">Tsar</a>'s friend and a very popular person".<sup id="cite_ref-300.years.spb.ru_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-300.years.spb.ru-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He moved to France where he was offered a contract for the design of a new, more powerful <a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_Ilya_Muromets" title="Sikorsky Ilya Muromets">Muromets</a>-type plane. But in November 1918 the war ended, and the French government stopped subsidizing military orders, whereupon he decided to move to the United States. On March 24, 1919 he left France on the ocean liner <i>Lorraine</i> arriving in New York City on March 30, 1919.<sup id="cite_ref-300.years.spb.ru_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-300.years.spb.ru-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ukrainian_Congress_Committee_of_America_p._187_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ukrainian_Congress_Committee_of_America_p._187-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aircraft_designer">Aircraft designer</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sikorsky_I.I._1914._Karl_Bulla.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Sikorsky_I.I._1914._Karl_Bulla.jpg/170px-Sikorsky_I.I._1914._Karl_Bulla.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Sikorsky_I.I._1914._Karl_Bulla.jpg/255px-Sikorsky_I.I._1914._Karl_Bulla.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Sikorsky_I.I._1914._Karl_Bulla.jpg/340px-Sikorsky_I.I._1914._Karl_Bulla.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1061" /></a><figcaption>Igor Sikorsky in 1914</figcaption></figure> <p>With financial backing from his sister Olga, Sikorsky returned to Paris, the center of the aviation world at the time, in 1909. Sikorsky met with aviation pioneers, to ask them questions about aircraft and flying. In May 1909, he returned to Russia and began designing his first helicopter, which he began testing in July 1909. Powered by a 25 horsepower Anzani engine, the helicopter used an upper and lower two-bladed lifting propeller that rotated in opposite directions at 160 <a href="/wiki/Rpm" class="mw-redirect" title="Rpm">rpm</a>. The machine could only generate about 357 pounds (162 kg) of lift, not enough to lift the approximate 457 pounds (207 kg) weight. Despite his progress in solving technical problems of control, Sikorsky realized that the aircraft would never fly. He finally disassembled the aircraft in October 1909, after he determined that he could learn nothing more from the design.<sup id="cite_ref-Woods_255_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woods_255-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 1910, he undertook to build a second helicopter, and his first airplane. By the spring, helicopter No. 2 could lift its weight of 400 pounds (180 kg), but not the additional weight of an operator.<sup id="cite_ref-is_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-is-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>I had learned enough to recognize that with the existing state of the art, engines, materials, and – most of all – the shortage of money and lack of experience... I would not be able to produce a successful helicopter at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Sikorsky's first aircraft of his own design, the S-1 used a 15 hp <a href="/wiki/Anzani_3-cylinder_fan_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Anzani 3-cylinder fan engine">Anzani 3-cylinder fan engine</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Pusher_configuration" title="Pusher configuration">pusher configuration</a>, that could not lift the aircraft. His second design called the S-2 was powered by a 25 hp Anzani engine in a <a href="/wiki/Tractor_configuration" title="Tractor configuration">tractor configuration</a> and first flew on June 3, 1910 at a height of a few feet. On June 30 after some modifications, Sikorsky reached an altitude of "sixty or eighty feet" before the S-2 stalled and was completely destroyed when it crashed in a ravine.<sup id="cite_ref-winged_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-winged-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, Sikorsky built the two-seat <a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-5" title="Sikorsky S-5">S-5</a>, his first design not based on other European aircraft. Flying this original aircraft, Sikorsky earned his <a href="/wiki/Pilot_license" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilot license">pilot license</a>; <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_A%C3%A9ronautique_Internationale" title="Fédération Aéronautique Internationale">Fédération Aéronautique Internationale</a> (FAI) license No. 64 issued by the Imperial Aero Club of Russia in 1911.<sup id="cite_ref-Woods_1979,_p._256_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woods_1979,_p._256-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During a demonstration of the S-5, the engine quit and Sikorsky was forced to make a crash landing to avoid a wall. It was discovered that a <a href="/wiki/Mosquito" title="Mosquito">mosquito</a> in the gasoline had been drawn into the <a href="/wiki/Carburetor" title="Carburetor">carburetor</a>, starving the engine of fuel. The close call convinced Sikorsky of the need for an aircraft that could continue flying if it lost an engine.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His next aircraft, the S-6 held three passengers and was selected as the winner of the Moscow aircraft exhibition held by the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russian_Army" title="Imperial Russian Army">Russian Army</a> in February 1912.<sup id="cite_ref-Woods_1979,_p._256_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woods_1979,_p._256-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sikorsky-LeGrand.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Sikorsky-LeGrand.jpg/220px-Sikorsky-LeGrand.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Sikorsky-LeGrand.jpg/330px-Sikorsky-LeGrand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Sikorsky-LeGrand.jpg/440px-Sikorsky-LeGrand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5312" data-file-height="3216" /></a><figcaption>Sikorsky <i>Bolshoi Baltisky</i> of 1913, before receiving its pair of pusher engines</figcaption></figure> <p>In early 1912, Igor Sikorsky became Chief Engineer of the aircraft division for the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Balt" title="Russo-Balt">Russian Baltic Railroad Car Works</a> (<i>Russko-Baltiisky Vagonny Zavod</i> or <i>R-BVZ</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bomber_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bomber-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His work at R-BVZ included the construction of the first four-<a href="/wiki/Inline_engine_(aviation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Inline engine (aviation)">cylinder</a> aircraft, the S-21 <i><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_Russky_Vityaz" title="Sikorsky Russky Vityaz">Russky Vityaz</a></i>, which he initially called <i>Le Grand</i> when fitted with just two engines, then the <i>Bolshoi Baltisky</i> (The Great Baltic) when fitted with four engines in two "push-pull" pairs, and finally <i>Russki Vityaz</i> in its four engine all <a href="/wiki/Tractor_configuration" title="Tractor configuration">tractor-engined</a> configuration.<sup id="cite_ref-HaddrickTaylor_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HaddrickTaylor-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also served as the <a href="/wiki/Test_pilot" title="Test pilot">test pilot</a> for its first flight on May 13, 1913.<sup id="cite_ref-HaddrickTaylor_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HaddrickTaylor-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In recognition for his accomplishment, he was awarded an honorary degree in engineering from <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_Polytechnical_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Petersburg Polytechnical Institute">Saint Petersburg Polytechnical Institute</a> in 1914. Sikorsky took the experience from building the Russky Vityaz to develop the S-22 <i><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_Ilya_Muromets" title="Sikorsky Ilya Muromets">Ilya Muromets</a></i> airliner. Due to outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, he redesigned it as the world's first four-engined <a href="/wiki/Bomber" title="Bomber">bomber</a>, for which he was decorated with the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Vladimir" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of St. Vladimir">Order of St. Vladimir</a>. </p><p>After World War I, Igor Sikorsky briefly became an engineer for the French forces in Russia, during the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seeing little opportunity for himself as an aircraft designer in war-torn Europe, and particularly Russia, ravaged by the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">Bolshevik Revolution</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a>, he emigrated to the United States, arriving in New York on March 30, 1919.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_aircraft_designed_by_Sikorsky">List of aircraft designed by Sikorsky</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bulla_Vityaz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Bulla_Vityaz.jpg/220px-Bulla_Vityaz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Bulla_Vityaz.jpg/330px-Bulla_Vityaz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Bulla_Vityaz.jpg/440px-Bulla_Vityaz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="569" /></a><figcaption>Russian aviators Sikorsky, Genner and Kaulbars aboard a "<a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_Russky_Vityaz" title="Sikorsky Russky Vityaz">Russky Vityaz</a>", c. 1913</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sikorsky_S42_(crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Sikorsky_S42_%28crop%29.jpg/220px-Sikorsky_S42_%28crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Sikorsky_S42_%28crop%29.jpg/330px-Sikorsky_S42_%28crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Sikorsky_S42_%28crop%29.jpg/440px-Sikorsky_S42_%28crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="531" data-file-height="412" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-42" title="Sikorsky S-42">Sikorsky S-42</a> <a href="/wiki/Flying_boat" title="Flying boat">flying boat</a> </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sikorsky_Skycrane_carrying_house_bw.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Sikorsky_Skycrane_carrying_house_bw.jpg/220px-Sikorsky_Skycrane_carrying_house_bw.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Sikorsky_Skycrane_carrying_house_bw.jpg/330px-Sikorsky_Skycrane_carrying_house_bw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Sikorsky_Skycrane_carrying_house_bw.jpg/440px-Sikorsky_Skycrane_carrying_house_bw.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-64_Skycrane" title="Sikorsky S-64 Skycrane">Sikorsky S-64 Skycrane</a> carrying a house</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sikorsky_H-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sikorsky H-1 (page does not exist)">H-1</a> Sikorsky's first helicopter design, 1909</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sikorsky_H-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sikorsky H-2 (page does not exist)">H-2</a> Sikorsky's second helicopter design, 1910</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-1" title="Sikorsky S-1">S-1</a> single-engine pusher biplane, Sikorsky's first fixed wing design, 1910</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-2" title="Sikorsky S-2">S-2</a> single-engine tractor biplane developed from the S-1, 1910</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-3" title="Sikorsky S-3">S-3</a> enlarged and improved version of the S-2, 1910</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-4" title="Sikorsky S-4">S-4</a> one-seat, single-engine biplane concept developed from the S-3, never flown, 1911</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-5" title="Sikorsky S-5">S-5</a> one-seat, single-engine biplane, Sikorsky's first practical aircraft, 1911</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-6" title="Sikorsky S-6">S-6</a> three-seat, single-engine biplane, 1912</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-7" title="Sikorsky S-7">S-7</a> two-seat, single-engine monoplane, 1912</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-8" title="Sikorsky S-8">S-8</a> two-seat single-engine biplane trainer, 1912</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-9" title="Sikorsky S-9">S-9 <i>Krugly</i></a> three-seat, single-engine monoplane, 1913</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-10" title="Sikorsky S-10">S-10</a> five-seat, single-engine biplane reconnaissance/trainer developed from the S-6, 1913</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-11" title="Sikorsky S-11">S-11 <i>Polukrugly</i></a> two-seat, single-engine mid-wing reconnaissance monoplane prototype, 1913</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-12" title="Sikorsky S-12">S-12</a> one-seat, single-engine trainer, Sikorsky's most successful aircraft in Russia, 1913</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-13_and_S-14" title="Sikorsky S-13 and S-14">S-13 and S-14</a> proposed designs, never completed due to unavailability of engines</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-15" title="Sikorsky S-15">S-15</a> single-engine light bomber floatplane, 1913</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-16" title="Sikorsky S-16">S-16</a> two-seat, single-engine escort fighter, 1914–1915</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-17" title="Sikorsky S-17">S-17</a> two-seat, single-engine reconnaissance biplane based on the S-10, 1915</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-18" title="Sikorsky S-18">S-18</a> two-seat, twin-engine pusher biplane fighter/interceptor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-20" title="Sikorsky S-20">S-20</a> two-seat biplane fighter, 1916</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_Russky_Vityaz" title="Sikorsky Russky Vityaz">S-21 <i>Russky Vityaz</i></a> four-engine biplane airliner, first successful four engine aircraft, 1913</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_Ilya_Muromets" title="Sikorsky Ilya Muromets">S-22–S-27 <i>Ilya Muromets</i></a> four-engine biplane airliner and heavy bomber, 1913</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sikorsky_Avion_Atlas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sikorsky Avion Atlas (page does not exist)">Avion Atlas</a> proposed four-engined biplane bomber for France, cancelled due to the end of World.War I, 1918<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sikorsky_IS-27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sikorsky IS-27 (page does not exist)">IS-27 Battleplane</a> proposed four-engined biplane heavy bomber, developed from the Avion Atlas, for the USAAS, 1919<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-28" title="Sikorsky S-28">S-28</a> projected four-engine biplane airliner; Sikorsky's first American design, 1919</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-29-A" title="Sikorsky S-29-A">S-29-A</a> twin-engine biplane airliner, 1924</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-34" title="Sikorsky S-34">S-34</a> twin-engine amphibian, 1926<sup id="cite_ref-is_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-is-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 167, 180">: 167, 180 </span></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-35" title="Sikorsky S-35">S-35</a> <a href="/wiki/Trimotor" title="Trimotor">trimotor</a> built for <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Fonck" title="René Fonck">René Fonck</a>'s attempt to win the <a href="/wiki/Orteig_Prize" title="Orteig Prize">Orteig Prize</a>, 1926<sup id="cite_ref-is_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-is-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 169–178">: 169–178 </span></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-36" title="Sikorsky S-36">S-36</a> twin engine amphibian, 1927<sup id="cite_ref-is_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-is-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 182">: 182 </span></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-37" title="Sikorsky S-37">S-37</a> twin-engine built for René Fonck, but then converted to a passenger plane, 1927<sup id="cite_ref-is_26-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-is-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 180–182">: 180–182 </span></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-38" title="Sikorsky S-38">S-38</a> twin-engine ten-seat flying boat, 1928<sup id="cite_ref-is_26-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-is-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 182–183">: 182–183 </span></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-40" title="Sikorsky S-40">S-40</a> four-engine amphibian built for <a href="/wiki/Pan_Am" title="Pan Am">Pan Am</a>, 1931<sup id="cite_ref-is_26-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-is-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 187–193">: 187–193 </span></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-42" title="Sikorsky S-42">S-42 Clipper</a> – flying boat, 1934</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-43" title="Sikorsky S-43">S-43</a> scaled-down version of S-42, 1934</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vought-Sikorsky_VS-300" title="Vought-Sikorsky VS-300">VS-300</a> experimental prototype helicopter, 1939</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_VS-44" title="Sikorsky VS-44">VS-44</a> flying boat, 1942</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_R-4" title="Sikorsky R-4">R-4</a> world's first production helicopter, 1942</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_in_the_United_States">Life in the United States</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Igor_Sikorsky-TIME-1953.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Igor_Sikorsky-TIME-1953.jpg/170px-Igor_Sikorsky-TIME-1953.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Igor_Sikorsky-TIME-1953.jpg/255px-Igor_Sikorsky-TIME-1953.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Igor_Sikorsky-TIME-1953.jpg/340px-Igor_Sikorsky-TIME-1953.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="527" /></a><figcaption>Igor Sikorsky on <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)"><i>Time</i> magazine</a> cover, 1953</figcaption></figure> <p>In the U.S., Sikorsky first worked as a school teacher and a lecturer, while looking for an opportunity to work in the aviation industry. In 1932, he joined the faculty of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Rhode_Island" title="University of Rhode Island">University of Rhode Island</a> to form an aeronautical engineering program and remained with the university until 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also lectured at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bridgeport" title="University of Bridgeport">University of Bridgeport</a>. </p><p>In 1923, Sikorsky formed the <a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_Aircraft" title="Sikorsky Aircraft">Sikorsky Manufacturing Company</a> in <a href="/wiki/Roosevelt,_New_York" title="Roosevelt, New York">Roosevelt, New York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was helped by several former Russian military officers. Among Sikorsky's chief supporters was composer <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Rachmaninoff" title="Sergei Rachmaninoff">Sergei Rachmaninoff</a>, who introduced himself by writing a check for US$5,000 (equivalent to $89,414 in 2023).<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although his prototype was damaged in its first test flight, Sikorsky persuaded his reluctant backers to invest another $2,500. With the additional funds, he produced the <a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-29" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikorsky S-29">S-29</a>, one of the first twin-engine aircraft in the U.S., with a capacity for 14 passengers and a speed of 115 mph.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The performance of the S-29, slow compared to military aircraft of 1918, proved to be a "make or break" moment for Sikorsky's funding.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1928, Sikorsky became a <a href="/wiki/Naturalized_citizen" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturalized citizen">naturalized citizen</a> of the United States. The Sikorsky Manufacturing Company moved to <a href="/wiki/Stratford,_Connecticut" title="Stratford, Connecticut">Stratford, Connecticut</a> in 1929. It became a part of the <a href="/wiki/United_Aircraft_and_Transport_Corporation" title="United Aircraft and Transport Corporation">United Aircraft and Transport Corporation</a> (now <a href="/wiki/United_Technologies_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="United Technologies Corporation">United Technologies Corporation</a>) in July of that year.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company manufactured <a href="/wiki/Flying_boat" title="Flying boat">flying boats</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-42" title="Sikorsky S-42">S-42</a> "Clipper", used by <a href="/wiki/Pan_American_World_Airways" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan American World Airways">Pan Am</a> for transatlantic flights.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, Sikorsky also continued his earlier work on vertical flight while living in <a href="/wiki/Nichols,_Connecticut" title="Nichols, Connecticut">Nichols, Connecticut</a>. On February 14, 1929, he filed an application to patent a "direct lift" amphibian aircraft which used compressed air to power a direct lift "propeller" and two smaller propellers for thrust.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On June 27, 1931, Sikorsky filed for a patent for another "direct lift aircraft", and was awarded patent No. 1,994,488 on March 19, 1935.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His design plans eventually culminated in the first (tethered) flight of the <a href="/wiki/Vought-Sikorsky_VS-300" title="Vought-Sikorsky VS-300">Vought-Sikorsky VS-300</a> on September 14, 1939, with the first free flight occurring eight months later on May 24, 1940. Sikorsky's success with the VS-300 led to the <a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_R-4" title="Sikorsky R-4">R-4</a>, which became the world's first mass-produced helicopter, in 1942. Sikorsky's final VS-300 rotor configuration, comprising a single main rotor and a single antitorque <a href="/wiki/Tail_rotor" title="Tail rotor">tail rotor</a>, has proven to be one of the most popular helicopter configurations, being used in most helicopters produced today.<sup id="cite_ref-Woods_1979,_p._262_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woods_1979,_p._262-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sikorsky,_Sergei,_HeliRussia_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Sikorsky%2C_Sergei%2C_HeliRussia_2011.jpg/220px-Sikorsky%2C_Sergei%2C_HeliRussia_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Sikorsky%2C_Sergei%2C_HeliRussia_2011.jpg/330px-Sikorsky%2C_Sergei%2C_HeliRussia_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Sikorsky%2C_Sergei%2C_HeliRussia_2011.jpg/440px-Sikorsky%2C_Sergei%2C_HeliRussia_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Sergei Sikorsky at the HeliRussia 2011 Exhibition in Moscow</figcaption></figure> <p>Sikorsky was married to Olga Fyodorovna Simkovitch in the Russian Empire. They were divorced and Olga remained in Russia with their daughter, Tania, as Sikorsky departed following the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917. In 1923, Sikorsky's sisters immigrated to the U.S., bringing six-year-old Tania with them.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sikorsky married Elisabeth Semion (1903–1995) in 1924, in New York.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sikorsky and Elisabeth had four sons; Sergei, Nikolai, Igor Jr. and George.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Tania Sikorsky von York (March 1, 1918 – September 22, 2008), Sikorsky's eldest child and only daughter. Tania was born in Kyiv. Educated in the U.S., she earned a B.A. at <a href="/wiki/Barnard_College" title="Barnard College">Barnard College</a> and a doctorate at <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>. She was one of the original faculty members of <a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_University" title="Sacred Heart University">Sacred Heart University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bridgeport,_Connecticut" title="Bridgeport, Connecticut">Bridgeport, Connecticut</a>, where she served as Professor of Sociology for 20 years.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sergei Sikorsky (1925– ), Sikorsky's eldest son. He joined United Technologies in 1951, and retired in 1992, as Vice-President of Special Projects at <a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_Aircraft" title="Sikorsky Aircraft">Sikorsky Aircraft</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Igor Sikorsky Jr. is an attorney, businessman and aviation historian.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Igor Sikorsky III is also a pilot.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Sikorsky died at his home in <a href="/wiki/Easton,_Connecticut" title="Easton, Connecticut">Easton, Connecticut</a>, on October 26, 1972, and is buried in Saint John the Baptist Russian Orthodox Cemetery located on <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Route_108" title="Connecticut Route 108">Nichols Avenue</a> in <a href="/wiki/Stratford,_Connecticut" title="Stratford, Connecticut">Stratford</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:15-a_Yaroslaviv_Val,_Kiev_(Sikorsky_House).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/15-a_Yaroslaviv_Val%2C_Kiev_%28Sikorsky_House%29.jpg/170px-15-a_Yaroslaviv_Val%2C_Kiev_%28Sikorsky_House%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/15-a_Yaroslaviv_Val%2C_Kiev_%28Sikorsky_House%29.jpg/255px-15-a_Yaroslaviv_Val%2C_Kiev_%28Sikorsky_House%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/15-a_Yaroslaviv_Val%2C_Kiev_%28Sikorsky_House%29.jpg/340px-15-a_Yaroslaviv_Val%2C_Kiev_%28Sikorsky_House%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>The Sikorsky's family house in Kyiv's historical center, October 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1966, Sikorsky was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/International_Air_%26_Space_Hall_of_Fame" title="International Air & Space Hall of Fame">International Air & Space Hall of Fame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sikorsky's and <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Tupolev" title="Andrei Tupolev">Andrei Tupolev</a>'s professional careers were covered in the 1979 Soviet biopic <i>The Poem of Wings</i> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Поэма о крыльях</span>) where Sikorsky was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Yury_Yakovlev" title="Yury Yakovlev">Yury Yakovlev</a>. A working model of <a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_Ilya_Muromets" title="Sikorsky Ilya Muromets">Sikorsky Ilya Muromets</a> was recreated for filming.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Igor_I._Sikorsky_Memorial_Bridge" title="Igor I. Sikorsky Memorial Bridge">Sikorsky Memorial Bridge</a>, which carries the <a href="/wiki/Merritt_Parkway" title="Merritt Parkway">Merritt Parkway</a> across the <a href="/wiki/Housatonic_River" title="Housatonic River">Housatonic River</a> next to the Sikorsky corporate headquarters, is named for him. Sikorsky has been designated a Connecticut Aviation Pioneer by the Connecticut State Legislature. The Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation in Stratford, Connecticut, continues to the present day as one of the world's leading helicopter manufacturers, and a nearby small airport has been named <a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_Memorial_Airport" title="Sikorsky Memorial Airport">Sikorsky Memorial Airport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sikorsky was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame and the Junior Achievement U.S. Business Hall of Fame in 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2011, one of the streets in Kyiv was renamed for Sikorsky. The decision was made by the City Council at the request of the <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_the_United_States,_Kyiv" title="Embassy of the United States, Kyiv">U.S. Embassy in Ukraine</a>, which opened its new office on that street.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Sikorsky's family house in the city's historical center is preserved to this day but is in a neglected condition pending restoration.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In November 2012, one of the Russian <a href="/wiki/Supersonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Supersonic">supersonic</a> heavy <a href="/wiki/Strategic_bomber" title="Strategic bomber">strategic bomber</a> <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-160" title="Tupolev Tu-160">Tu-160</a>, based at the <a href="/wiki/Engels-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Engels-2">Engels-2</a> Air Force Base, was named for Igor Sikorsky, which caused controversy among air base crew members. One of the officers said that Igor Sikorsky does not deserve it because he laid the foundations of the U.S., rather than Russian aviation. However, the <a href="/wiki/Long_Range_Aviation" class="mw-redirect" title="Long Range Aviation">Long Range Aviation</a> command officer said that Igor Sikorsky is not responsible for the activities of his military aircraft, noted that Sikorsky had also designed <a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_Ilya_Muromets" title="Sikorsky Ilya Muromets">the first heavy bomber</a> for Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013, <i><a href="/wiki/Flying_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Flying Magazine">Flying</a></i> magazine ranked Sikorsky number 12 on its list of the 51 Heroes of Aviation.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2016, the <a href="/wiki/Igor_Sikorsky_Kyiv_Polytechnic_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute">National technical university of Ukraine "Kyiv politechnical institute"</a> was named <i>National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute"</i> after its former student and outstanding aircraft designer.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 22, 2018, the <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_City_Council" title="Kyiv City Council">Kyiv City Council</a> officially renamed <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_International_Airport_(Zhuliany)" title="Kyiv International Airport (Zhuliany)">Kyiv International Airport</a> to "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv International Airport Zhuliany".<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philosophical_and_religious_views">Philosophical and religious views</h2></div> <p>Sikorsky was a deeply religious <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox</a> Christian<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and authored two religious and philosophical books (<i>The Message of the Lord's Prayer</i> and <i>The Invisible Encounter</i>). Summarizing his beliefs, in the latter he wrote: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Our concerns sink into insignificance when compared with the eternal value of human personality — a potential child of God which is destined to triumph over life, pain, and death. No one can take this sublime meaning of life away from us, and this is the one thing that matters.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Published_works">Published works</h2></div> <ul><li>Sikorsky, Igor Ivan. <i>The Message of the Lord's Prayer</i>. New York: C. Scribner's sons, 1942. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/2928920">2928920</a></li> <li>Sikorsky, Igor Ivan. <i>The Invisible Encounter</i>. New York: C. Scribner's Sons, 1947. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1446225">1446225</a></li> <li>Sikorsky, Igor Ivan. <i>The Story of the Winged-S: Late Developments and Recent Photographs of the Helicopter, an Autobiography</i>. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1967. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1396277">1396277</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerosledge" title="Aerosledge">Aerosledge</a> – Sikorsky built some of these propeller-powered <a href="/wiki/Snowmobiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Snowmobiles">snowmobiles</a> in 1909–10</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fedor_Ivanovich_Bylinkin" title="Fedor Ivanovich Bylinkin">Fedor Ivanovich Bylinkin</a> – an early aircraft collaborator with Sikorsky, in 1910</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikorsky Prize">Sikorsky Prize</a> – a prize for human powered helicopters named in his honor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/10090_Sikorsky" class="mw-redirect" title="10090 Sikorsky">10090 Sikorsky</a> – an <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroid</a> named in honor of Igor Sikorsky</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Britannica_Concise_Encyclopedia_p._1751-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_Concise_Encyclopedia_p._1751_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_Concise_Encyclopedia_p._1751_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ea-bAAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Russian-U.S.+pioneer+in+aircraft+design.+After+studying+engineering+in+Kiev%22&pg=PA1751">"Britannica Concise Encyclopedia"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230404115405/https://books.google.com/books?id=ea-bAAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Russian-U.S.+pioneer+in+aircraft+design.+After+studying+engineering+in+Kiev%22&pg=PA1751">Archived</a> April 4, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2006, p. 1751.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sergei_Sikorsky:_Reflecting_on_the_90th_Anniversary-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sergei_Sikorsky:_Reflecting_on_the_90th_Anniversary_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sergei_Sikorsky:_Reflecting_on_the_90th_Anniversary_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sikorsky.com/Lists/eNewsletter/2013/Commlinks_0313.pdf">"Sergei Sikorsky: Reflecting on the 90th Anniversary of Sikorsky Aircraft"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150719213722/http://www.sikorsky.com/Lists/eNewsletter/2013/Commlinks_0313.pdf">Archived</a> July 19, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Quote: Some 90 years ago, on March 5, 1923, a Russian refugee named Igor Sikorsky organized a new company"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jacobson-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jacobson_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jacobson_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jacobson_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobson2013" class="citation web cs1">Jacobson, Lee (April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sikorskyarchives.com/pdf/news%202013/April%202013%202.pdf">"Igor Sikorsky Was a Reflection of His Heritage and Experiences in Life"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Sikorsky Archives News</i>. Igor I. Sikorsky Historical Archives. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220121193936/http://www.sikorskyarchives.com/pdf/news%202013/April%202013%202.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on January 21, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 25,</span> 2020</span>. <q>My family is of Russian origin. My grandfather and other ancestors from the time of Peter the Great were Russian Orthodox priests. Consequently, the Russian nationality of the family must be considered as well established</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sikorsky+Archives+News&rft.atitle=Igor+Sikorsky+Was+a+Reflection+of+His+Heritage+and+Experiences+in+Life&rft.date=2013-04&rft.aulast=Jacobson&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sikorskyarchives.com%2Fpdf%2Fnews%25202013%2FApril%25202013%25202.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgor+Sikorsky" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nam-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nam_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fortier, Rénald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aviation.technomuses.ca/assets/pdf/e_sikorsky.pdf">"Igor Sikorsky: One Man, Three Careers."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131016232812/http://www.aviation.technomuses.ca/assets/pdf/e_sikorsky.pdf">Archived</a> October 16, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>aviation.technomuses.ca</i>, 1996. Retrieved: October 29, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sikorskyarchives.com/S-5.php">"Sikorsky Archives | S-5"</a>. <i>SikorskyArchives.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180718015128/http://www.sikorskyarchives.com/S-5.php">Archived</a> from the original on July 18, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SikorskyArchives.com&rft.atitle=Sikorsky+Archives+%7C+S-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sikorskyarchives.com%2FS-5.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgor+Sikorsky" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sikorskyarchives_his2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sikorskyarchives_his2_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sikorskyarchives_his2_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sikorskyarchives.com/History_2.php">"History"</a>. <i>SikorskyArchives.com</i>. Part 2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200808194703/https://www.sikorskyarchives.com/History_2.php">Archived</a> from the original on August 8, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 27,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SikorskyArchives.com&rft.atitle=History&rft.pages=Part+2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sikorskyarchives.com%2FHistory_2.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgor+Sikorsky" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sik_history-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sik_history_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sikorsky.com/vgn-ext-templating-SIK/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=208ae39d40a78110VgnVCM1000001382000aRCRD">"About Sikorsky."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091103014902/http://www.sikorsky.com/vgn-ext-templating-SIK/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=208ae39d40a78110VgnVCM1000001382000aRCRD">Archived</a> November 3, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Sikorsky Aircraft</i>. Retrieved: December 11, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Spenser 1998, p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Woods_1979,_p._262-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Woods_1979,_p._262_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Woods_1979,_p._262_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Woods 1979, p. 262.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sikorskyarchives.com/History.php">"Igor Sikorsky | Historical Archives | History"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190601030517/https://www.sikorskyarchives.com/History.php">Archived</a> June 1, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. sikorskyarchives.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSergei_I._Sikorsky2007" class="citation book cs1">Sergei I. Sikorsky (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eE-trX3XZawC&q=Sikorsky"><i>The Sikorsky Legacy</i></a>. Arcadia Publishing. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780738549958" title="Special:BookSources/9780738549958"><bdi>9780738549958</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sikorsky+Legacy&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Arcadia+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780738549958&rft.au=Sergei+I.+Sikorsky&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeE-trX3XZawC%26q%3DSikorsky&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgor+Sikorsky" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-books.google.com-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TvqM0Fbjlb0C&pg=PA72"><i>Homo Imperii A History of Physical Anthropology in Russia</i></a>, Marina Mogilner 2013, p. 72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TvqM0Fbjlb0C&pg=PA167"><i>Homo Imperii A History of Physical Anthropology in Russia</i></a>, Marina Mogilner 2013, p. 167.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TvqM0Fbjlb0C&pg=PA177"><i>Homo Imperii A History of Physical Anthropology in Russia</i></a>, Marina Mogilner 2013, p. 177.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hillis, Faith. <i>Children of Rus': Right-Bank Ukraine and the Invention of a Russian Nation 2013</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0801452198" title="Special:BookSources/0801452198">0801452198</a>, p. 259.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sikorskyarchives.com/His_Philosophy.php">"Sikorskyarchives.com"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150118172353/http://www.sikorskyarchives.com/His_Philosophy.php">Archived</a> from the original on January 18, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 18,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sikorskyarchives.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sikorskyarchives.com%2FHis_Philosophy.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgor+Sikorsky" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mikheev, V. R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravmir.ru%2Farticle_2402.html&sl=ru&tl=en&hl=en&ie=UTF-8">"Sikorsky: Hero, Exile, the Father of Aviation" (English translation).</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151209000121/http://translate.google.com/translate?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravmir.ru%2Farticle_2402.html&sl=ru&tl=en&hl=en&ie=UTF-8">Archived</a> December 9, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Pravmir.ru,</i> October 31, 2011. Retrieved: May 16, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Woods 1979, p. 254.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-franklin2-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-franklin2_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fi.edu/case-files/igor-sikorsky">"The Case Files: Igor Sikorsky"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170825021051/https://www.fi.edu/case-files/igor-sikorsky">Archived</a> August 25, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Franklin Institute</i>. Retrieved: August 24, 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristiano2005" class="citation web cs1">Christiano, Marilyn (July 5, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080803192622/http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/archive/2005-07/2005-07-05-voa1.cfm">"Igor Sikorsky: Aircraft and Helicopter Designer"</a>. <i>Voice of America News</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/archive/2005-07/2005-07-05-voa1.cfm">the original</a> on August 3, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 17,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Voice+of+America+News&rft.atitle=Igor+Sikorsky%3A+Aircraft+and+Helicopter+Designer&rft.date=2005-07-05&rft.aulast=Christiano&rft.aufirst=Marilyn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fspecialenglish%2Farchive%2F2005-07%2F2005-07-05-voa1.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgor+Sikorsky" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-300.years.spb.ru-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-300.years.spb.ru_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-300.years.spb.ru_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.300.years.spb.ru/eng/3_spb_3.html?id=24">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121206034113/http://www.300.years.spb.ru/eng/3_spb_3.html?id=24">Archived</a> December 6, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "Sergei Sikorsky: My father's fate (English translation version of an interview published in Russian by pravmir.ru)"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravmir.ru/igor-ivanovich-sikorskij-otec-aviacii-i-xramostroitel/">"Игорь Иванович Сикорский: отец авиации и храмостроитель"</a>. <i>Pravmir</i> (in Russian). June 7, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160815092752/http://www.pravmir.ru/igor-ivanovich-sikorskij-otec-aviacii-i-xramostroitel/">Archived</a> from the original on August 15, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 28,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pravmir&rft.atitle=%D0%98%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C+%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%3A+%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%86+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C&rft.date=2009-06-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravmir.ru%2Figor-ivanovich-sikorskij-otec-aviacii-i-xramostroitel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgor+Sikorsky" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kutuzov, Mikhail. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archipelag.ru%2Fauthors%2Fkutuzov%2F%3Flibrary%3D2140&sl=ru&tl=en&hl=en&ie=UTF-8">"The Genius of Flight" (English translation).</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151018025852/http://translate.google.com/translate?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archipelag.ru%2Fauthors%2Fkutuzov%2F%3Flibrary%3D2140&sl=ru&tl=en&hl=en&ie=UTF-8">Archived</a> October 18, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Russian Archipelago,</i> 2012. Retrieved: May 16, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ukrainian_Congress_Committee_of_America_p._187-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ukrainian_Congress_Committee_of_America_p._187_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUkrainian_Congress_Committee_of_America1978">Ukrainian Congress Committee of America 1978</a>, p. 187</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Woods_255-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Woods_255_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Woods 1979, p. 255.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-is-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-is_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-is_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-is_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-is_26-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-is_26-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-is_26-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-is_26-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSikorsky1952" class="citation book cs1">Sikorsky, Igor (1952). <i>The Story of the Winged-S</i>. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company. pp. 25–37.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+the+Winged-S&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=25-37&rft.pub=Dodd%2C+Mead+%26+Company&rft.date=1952&rft.aulast=Sikorsky&rft.aufirst=Igor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgor+Sikorsky" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/543984/Igor-Ivan-Sikorsky">"Igor Sikorsky."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100305071241/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/543984/Igor-Ivan-Sikorsky">Archived</a> March 5, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica, 2009</i> via <i>britannica.com</i>. Retrieved: October 14, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-winged-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-winged_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSikorsky1944" class="citation book cs1">Sikorsky, Igor (1944). <i>The Story of the Winged-S</i>. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company. p. 48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781258163556" title="Special:BookSources/9781258163556"><bdi>9781258163556</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+the+Winged-S&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Dodd%2C+Mead+%26+Company&rft.date=1944&rft.isbn=9781258163556&rft.aulast=Sikorsky&rft.aufirst=Igor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgor+Sikorsky" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Sikorsky Celebrates." <i>Popular Aviation</i> September 1930, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Woods_1979,_p._256-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Woods_1979,_p._256_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Woods_1979,_p._256_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Woods 1979, p. 256.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Current Biography 1940</i>, pp. 734–736.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Murphy 2005, p. 180.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bomber-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bomber_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lake 2002, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HaddrickTaylor-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HaddrickTaylor_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HaddrickTaylor_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaddrick_Taylor1986" class="citation book cs1">Haddrick Taylor, Michael John (May 1, 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tdCa_zplDycC"><i>The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Helicopters</i></a>. Exeter Books. p. 34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780671071493" title="Special:BookSources/9780671071493"><bdi>9780671071493</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Illustrated+Encyclopedia+of+Helicopters&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=Exeter+Books&rft.date=1986-05-01&rft.isbn=9780671071493&rft.aulast=Haddrick+Taylor&rft.aufirst=Michael+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtdCa_zplDycC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgor+Sikorsky" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1918/06/25/102714001.pdf">"Airmen leave Russia."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220121194103/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1918/06/25/102714001.pdf">Archived</a> January 21, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>The New York Times</i>, June 25, 1918. Retrieved May 23, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Woods 1979, p. 257.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1919/04/20/118146835.pdf">"Russian airplane will be made here."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220121194016/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1919/04/20/118146835.pdf">Archived</a> January 21, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>The New York Times</i>, April 20, 1919. Retrieved: July 17, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121114131905/http://www.uri.edu/home/about/history_timeline.html">"URI History and Timeline"</a>. University of Rhode Island. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uri.edu/home/about/history_timeline.html">the original</a> on November 14, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 17,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=URI+History+and+Timeline&rft.pub=University+of+Rhode+Island&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uri.edu%2Fhome%2Fabout%2Fhistory_timeline.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgor+Sikorsky" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Spenser 1998, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Prokhorov, Vadim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airspacemag.com/history-of-flight/Piano_Man.html">"Oldies & Oddities: Sikorsky's Piano Man" (History of Flight).</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120724143639/http://www.airspacemag.com/history-of-flight/Piano_Man.html">Archived</a> July 24, 2012, at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a> <i>Air & Space Magazine/Smithsonian</i>, Volume 17, Issue 4, November 1, 2002. Retrieved: July 17, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Current Biography 1940</i>, p. 735.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Spenser 1998, pp. 15–17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130217232108/http://www.google.com/patents/about?id=j4hOAAAAEBAJ&dq=igor+sikorsky+nichols+ct">"Patent number: 1848389"</a>. <i>Google.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/patents/about?id=j4hOAAAAEBAJ&dq=igor+sikorsky+nichols+ct">the original</a> on February 17, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 25,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google.com&rft.atitle=Patent+number%3A+1848389&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fpatents%2Fabout%3Fid%3Dj4hOAAAAEBAJ%26dq%3Digor%2Bsikorsky%2Bnichols%2Bct&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgor+Sikorsky" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/patents/about?id=Nqd4AAAAEBAJ&dq=1,994,488">"Patent number: 1994488."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130217232254/http://www.google.com/patents/about?id=Nqd4AAAAEBAJ&dq=1,994,488">Archived</a> February 17, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>google.com.</i> Retrieved: November 25, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fi.edu/learn/case-files/sikorsky/mission.html">"Military Mission."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080906102920/http://www.fi.edu/learn/case-files/sikorsky/mission.html">Archived</a> September 6, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>The Case Files: Igor Sikorsky</i>, <i>Franklin Institute</i>. Retrieved: October 29, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hacker and Vining 2007, p. 116.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Skyways</i> July 1995, p. 71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legacy.com/Fosters/Obituaries.asp?Page=LifeStory&PersonId=117985032">"Tania Sikorsky Von York."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231453/http://www.legacy.com/Fosters/Obituaries.asp?Page=LifeStory&PersonId=117985032">Archived</a> March 3, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Foster's Daily Democrat</i>, September 26, 2008. Retrieved: October 16, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sikorskyarchives.com/first.html">"First Helicopter Civilian Rescue November 29, 1945."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081210120525/http://www.sikorskyarchives.com/first.html">Archived</a> December 10, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Sikorskyarchives.com.</i> Retrieved: July 17, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zenobia, Keith. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pmlaa.org/newsletters/2004-06.pdf">"Sergei Sikorsky: Recollections of a Pioneer, The Legacy of Igor Sikorsky."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801184221/http://www.pmlaa.org/newsletters/2004-06.pdf">Archived</a> August 1, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>PMLAA News Newsletter (Pine Mountain Lake Aviation Association)</i>, 19:6, 2004. Retrieved: December 2, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Church, Diane. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120729023436/http://www.bristolpress.com/articles/2012/03/20/news/doc4f67f1f1a7d6f704888394.txt">"Sikorsky to speak in Plainville tonight."</a> <i>Bristol Press,</i> March 19, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bradfordcamps.com/1%20AVIATION%20DIGEST.htm">"Igor Sikorsky Seminar."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140304061152/http://www.bradfordcamps.com/1%20AVIATION%20DIGEST.htm">Archived</a> March 4, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Aviation Digest: Bradford Camps</i>, June 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.angelfire.com/endymion77/st_john.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"St. John the Baptist Russian Orthodox Cemetery"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150116110654/http://www.angelfire.com/endymion77/st_john.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 16, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 16,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22St.+John+the+Baptist+Russian+Orthodox+Cemetery%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.angelfire.com%2Fendymion77%2Fst_john.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgor+Sikorsky" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sprekelmeyer, Linda, editor. <i>These We Honor: The International Aerospace Hall of Fame</i>. Donning Co. Publishers, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57864-397-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57864-397-4">978-1-57864-397-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFСушинова2018" class="citation news cs1">Сушинова, Яна (May 28, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aif.ru/society/army/samolet_s-22_ilya_muromec_infografika">"Самолет С-22 "Илья Муромец". Инфографика"</a>. "Аргументы и факты". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181104050313/http://www.aif.ru/society/army/samolet_s-22_ilya_muromec_infografika">Archived</a> from the original on November 4, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 3,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%A1-22+%22%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F+%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%22.+%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft.date=2018-05-28&rft.aulast=%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aif.ru%2Fsociety%2Farmy%2Fsamolet_s-22_ilya_muromec_infografika&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgor+Sikorsky" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ja.org/hof/viewLaureate.asp?id=163&alpha=S">"Igor I. 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Sikorsky."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091211221335/http://www.invent.org/hall_of_fame/135.html">Archived</a> December 11, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>National Inventors Hall of Fame Foundation, Inc.</i> via <i>invent.org.</i> Retrieved: October 12, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/news/city/detail/115805/">"Kyiv changes street name at Washington's request"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111122083118/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/city/detail/115805/">Archived</a> November 22, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Post" title="Kyiv Post">Kyiv Post</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 26,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flyingmag.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flyingmag.com%2Fphoto-gallery%2Fphotos%2F51-heroes-aviation%3Fpnid%3D41843&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgor+Sikorsky" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kpi.ua/en/almamater">"The history of KPI | Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200418163521/https://kpi.ua/en/almamater">Archived</a> from the original on April 18, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+history+of+KPI+%26%23124%3B+Igor+Sikorsky+Kyiv+Polytechnic+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkpi.ua%2Fen%2Falmamater&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgor+Sikorsky" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2018/03/22/7175492">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180323030533/https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2018/03/22/7175492/">Archived</a> March 23, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Pravda.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kyiv-airport.com/kyiv-zhuliany/">"Kyiv Zhuliany Airport (IEV)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200213103003/https://www.kyiv-airport.com/kyiv-zhuliany/">Archived</a> from the original on February 13, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kyiv+Zhuliany+Airport+%28IEV%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyiv-airport.com%2Fkyiv-zhuliany%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgor+Sikorsky" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1994/04/10/nyregion/faith-of-the-orthodox-born-in-russia.html">"Faith Of the Orthodox Born in Russia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211226141921/https://www.nytimes.com/1994/04/10/nyregion/faith-of-the-orthodox-born-in-russia.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 26, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Faith+Of+the+Orthodox+Born+in+Russia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1994%2F04%2F10%2Fnyregion%2Ffaith-of-the-orthodox-born-in-russia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgor+Sikorsky" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f93mAAAAMAAJ&q=%22a+potential+child+of+God+which+is+destined+%22">"The Invisible Encounter".</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230404115408/https://books.google.com/books?id=f93mAAAAMAAJ&q=%22a+potential+child+of+God+which+is+destined+%22">Archived</a> April 4, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>The Universalist Leader,</i> Volume 130, Issue 5, 1948, p. 115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://avstop.com/history/aroundtheworld/russia/sikorsky.html">"Igor I. Sikorsky."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707202231/http://avstop.com/history/aroundtheworld/russia/sikorsky.html">Archived</a> July 7, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>AvStop Online Magazine</i>. Retrieved: July 17, 2010.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Delear, Frank J. <i>Igor Sikorsky: His Three Careers in Aviation</i>. New York: Dodd Mead, 1969, Revised edition, 1976. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-396-07282-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-396-07282-9">978-0-396-07282-9</a>.</li> <li>Hacker, Barton C. and Margaret Vining. <i>American Military Technology: The Life Story of a Technology.</i> Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8772-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8772-7">978-0-8018-8772-7</a>.</li> <li>Ikenson, Ben. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/patentsingenious0000iken/page/24"><i>Patents: Ingenious Inventions, How They Work and How They Came to Be</i>.</a> New York: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57912-367-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57912-367-3">978-1-57912-367-3</a>.</li> <li>Lake, Jon. <i>The Great Book of Bombers: The World's Most Important Bombers from World War I to the Present Day.</i> St. Paul, Minnesota: MBI Publishing Company, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7603-1347-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7603-1347-4">0-7603-1347-4</a>.</li> <li>Leishman, J. Gordon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140713201846/http://terpconnect.umd.edu/~leishman/Aero/history.html#The_Dream_of_True_Flight">"The Dream of True Flight."</a> Online summary: <i>Principles of Helicopter Aerodynamics</i>. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-85860-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-85860-7">0-521-85860-7</a>.</li> <li>Murphy, Justin D. <i>Military Aircraft, Origins to 1918: An Illustrated History of Their Impact</i> (Weapons and warfare series). Santa Barbara, California, USA: ABC-CLIO, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85109-488-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-85109-488-1">1-85109-488-1</a>.</li> <li>Sikorsky, Igor Ivan. <i>The Story of the Winged-S: Late Developments and Recent Photographs of the Helicopter, an Autobiography</i>. New York: Dodd, Mead, originally published 1938 (updated editions, various years up to 1948), Revised edition, 1967.</li> <li>Spenser, Jay P. <i>Whirlybirds, A History of the U.S. Helicopter Pioneers</i>. Seattle, Washington, USA: University of Washington Press, 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-295-97699-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-295-97699-3">0-295-97699-3</a>.</li> <li>Woods, Carlos C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kz4rAAAAYAAJ">"Memorial Tributes", pp. 253–266.</a> <i>Igor Ivan Sikorsky</i>. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Engineering (The Academy), 1979.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUkrainian_Congress_Committee_of_America1978" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Congress_Committee_of_America" title="Ukrainian Congress Committee of America">Ukrainian Congress Committee of America</a> (1978). "Sikorsky". <i>The Ukrainian Quarterly</i>. 34–35 (1). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0041-6010">0041-6010</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Ukrainian+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Sikorsky&rft.volume=34-35&rft.issue=1&rft.date=1978&rft.issn=0041-6010&rft.au=Ukrainian+Congress+Committee+of+America&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgor+Sikorsky" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US2318259">U.S. patent 2,318,259</a></span></li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US2318260">U.S. patent 2,318,260</a></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Igor_Sikorsky" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Igor Sikorsky">Igor Sikorsky</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sikorskyarchives.com">Official Sikorsky historical archives</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0797756/">Igor Sikorsky</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alexanderpalace.org/aerialrussia/">Igor Sikorsky</a> Aerial Russia – the Romance of the Giant Aeroplane – early days of Igor Sikorsky online book</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ctheritage.org/encyclopedia/ctsince1929/sikorsky.htm">Igor Sikorsky article on ctheritage.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050113054609/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/archive/covers/0,16641,1101531116,00.html">Igor Sikorsky</a>. Time magazine, November 16, 1953. (Cover)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.neam.org/exhibits.php">The New England Air Museum</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171116032847/https://www.neam.org/exhibits.php">Archived</a> November 16, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in Windsor Locks, Connecticut, has extensive Sikorsky exhibits</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vdkDAAAAMBAJ&dq=defiant&pg=PA380">Wingless Helicopter Flies Straight Up</a> September 1940 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Mechanics" title="Popular Mechanics">Popular Mechanics</a> article showing Sikorsky flying his first helicopter and introducing him to the general public</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PZL_Mielec" title="PZL Mielec">PZL Mielec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schweizer_Aircraft" title="Schweizer Aircraft">Schweizer Aircraft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Igor Sikorsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schweizer_brothers" title="Schweizer brothers">Schweizer brothers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UAC_TurboTrain" title="UAC TurboTrain">UAC TurboTrain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin" title="Lockheed Martin">Lockheed Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Technologies" title="United Technologies">United Technologies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_National_Medal_of_Science_laureates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Science" title="Template:National Medal of Science"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Medal_of_Science" title="Template talk:National Medal of Science"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Medal_of_Science" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Medal of Science"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_National_Medal_of_Science_laureates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">United States National Medal of Science</a> <a href="/wiki/Laureate" title="Laureate">laureates</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Behavioral_and_social_science" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Behavioral and social science</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1964</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Neal_E._Miller" title="Neal E. Miller">Neal Elgar Miller</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1986</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Simon" title="Herbert A. Simon">Herbert A. Simon</a></dd> <dt>1987</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anne_Anastasi" title="Anne Anastasi">Anne Anastasi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Stigler" title="George Stigler">George J. Stigler</a></dd> <dt>1988</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1990</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Hurwicz" title="Leonid Hurwicz">Leonid Hurwicz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Suppes" title="Patrick Suppes">Patrick Suppes</a></dd> <dt>1991</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Armitage_Miller" title="George Armitage Miller">George A. Miller</a></dd> <dt>1992</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_J._Gibson" title="Eleanor J. Gibson">Eleanor J. Gibson</a></dd> <dt>1994</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_K._Merton" title="Robert K. Merton">Robert K. Merton</a></dd> <dt>1995</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Roger_Shepard" title="Roger Shepard">Roger N. Shepard</a></dd> <dt>1996</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_Samuelson" title="Paul Samuelson">Paul Samuelson</a></dd> <dt>1997</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_Kaye_Estes" title="William Kaye Estes">William K. Estes</a></dd> <dt>1998</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_Julius_Wilson" title="William Julius Wilson">William Julius Wilson</a></dd> <dt>1999</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Solow" title="Robert Solow">Robert M. Solow</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2000</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gary_Becker" title="Gary Becker">Gary Becker</a></dd> <dt>2003</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/R._Duncan_Luce" title="R. Duncan Luce">R. Duncan Luce</a></dd> <dt>2004</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Kenneth Arrow</a></dd> <dt>2005</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gordon_H._Bower" title="Gordon H. Bower">Gordon H. Bower</a></dd> <dt>2008</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_Posner_(psychologist)" title="Michael Posner (psychologist)">Michael I. Posner</a></dd> <dt>2009</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mortimer_Mishkin" title="Mortimer Mishkin">Mortimer Mishkin</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2011</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anne_Treisman" title="Anne Treisman">Anne Treisman</a></dd> <dt>2014</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Axelrod_(political_scientist)" title="Robert Axelrod (political scientist)">Robert Axelrod</a></dd> <dt>2015</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Albert_Bandura" title="Albert Bandura">Albert Bandura</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Biological_sciences" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Biological sciences</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1963</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/C._B._van_Niel" title="C. B. van Niel">C. B. van Niel</a></dd> <dt>1964</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Theodosius_Dobzhansky" title="Theodosius Dobzhansky">Theodosius Dobzhansky</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Warren_Nirenberg" title="Marshall Warren Nirenberg">Marshall W. Nirenberg</a></dd> <dt>1965</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Francis_Peyton_Rous" title="Francis Peyton Rous">Francis P. Rous</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Gaylord_Simpson" title="George Gaylord Simpson">George G. Simpson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Donald_Van_Slyke" title="Donald Van Slyke">Donald D. Van Slyke</a></dd> <dt>1966</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edward_F._Knipling" title="Edward F. Knipling">Edward F. Knipling</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Albert_Lipmann" title="Fritz Albert Lipmann">Fritz Albert Lipmann</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_Cumming_Rose" title="William Cumming Rose">William C. Rose</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sewall_Wright" title="Sewall Wright">Sewall Wright</a></dd> <dt>1967</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Stewart_Cole" title="Kenneth Stewart Cole">Kenneth S. Cole</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harry_Harlow" title="Harry Harlow">Harry F. Harlow</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_Heidelberger" title="Michael Heidelberger">Michael Heidelberger</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Sturtevant" title="Alfred Sturtevant">Alfred H. Sturtevant</a></dd> <dt>1968</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Horace_Barker" title="Horace Barker">Horace Barker</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Brodie_(biochemist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard Brodie (biochemist)">Bernard B. Brodie</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Detlev_Bronk" title="Detlev Bronk">Detlev W. Bronk</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jay_Laurence_Lush" title="Jay Laurence Lush">Jay Lush</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/B._F._Skinner" title="B. F. Skinner">Burrhus Frederic Skinner</a></dd> <dt>1969</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Huebner" title="Robert Huebner">Robert Huebner</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Mayr" title="Ernst Mayr">Ernst Mayr</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1970</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">Barbara McClintock</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Albert_Sabin" title="Albert Sabin">Albert B. Sabin</a></dd> <dt>1973</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Daniel_I._Arnon" title="Daniel I. Arnon">Daniel I. Arnon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Earl_W._Sutherland_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Earl W. Sutherland Jr.">Earl W. Sutherland Jr.</a></dd> <dt>1974</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Britton_Chance" title="Britton Chance">Britton Chance</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Chargaff" title="Erwin Chargaff">Erwin Chargaff</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_V._Neel" title="James V. Neel">James V. Neel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_Augustine_Shannon" class="mw-redirect" title="James Augustine Shannon">James Augustine Shannon</a></dd> <dt>1975</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hallowell_Davis" title="Hallowell Davis">Hallowell Davis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gyorgy" title="Paul Gyorgy">Paul Gyorgy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sterling_B._Hendricks" title="Sterling B. Hendricks">Sterling B. Hendricks</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Orville_Vogel" title="Orville Vogel">Orville Alvin Vogel</a></dd> <dt>1976</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Roger_Guillemin" title="Roger Guillemin">Roger Guillemin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Keith_Roberts_Porter" class="mw-redirect" title="Keith Roberts Porter">Keith Roberts Porter</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Efraim_Racker" title="Efraim Racker">Efraim Racker</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/E._O._Wilson" title="E. O. Wilson">E. O. Wilson</a></dd> <dt>1979</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Burris" title="Robert H. Burris">Robert H. Burris</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_C._Crosby" title="Elizabeth C. Crosby">Elizabeth C. Crosby</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kornberg" title="Arthur Kornberg">Arthur Kornberg</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Severo_Ochoa" title="Severo Ochoa">Severo Ochoa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Earl_Reece_Stadtman" title="Earl Reece Stadtman">Earl Reece Stadtman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/G._Ledyard_Stebbins" title="G. Ledyard Stebbins">George Ledyard Stebbins</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_Alfred_Weiss" title="Paul Alfred Weiss">Paul Alfred Weiss</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1981</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Philip_Handler" title="Philip Handler">Philip Handler</a></dd> <dt>1982</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Seymour_Benzer" title="Seymour Benzer">Seymour Benzer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Glenn_W._Burton" title="Glenn W. Burton">Glenn W. Burton</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Cohn" title="Mildred Cohn">Mildred Cohn</a></dd> <dt>1983</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Howard_Bachrach" title="Howard Bachrach">Howard L. Bachrach</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg" title="Paul Berg">Paul Berg</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wendell_L._Roelofs" title="Wendell L. Roelofs">Wendell L. Roelofs</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Berta_Scharrer" title="Berta Scharrer">Berta Scharrer</a></dd> <dt>1986</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cohen_(biochemist)" title="Stanley Cohen (biochemist)">Stanley Cohen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Donald_Henderson" title="Donald Henderson">Donald A. Henderson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Mountcastle" class="mw-redirect" title="Vernon Mountcastle">Vernon B. Mountcastle</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Emil_Palade" title="George Emil Palade">George Emil Palade</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joan_A._Steitz" title="Joan A. Steitz">Joan A. Steitz</a></dd> <dt>1987</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_E._DeBakey" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael E. DeBakey">Michael E. DeBakey</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Theodor_O._Diener" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodor O. Diener">Theodor O. Diener</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harry_Eagle" title="Harry Eagle">Harry Eagle</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana">Har Gobind Khorana</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rita_Levi-Montalcini" title="Rita Levi-Montalcini">Rita Levi-Montalcini</a></dd> <dt>1988</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_S._Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael S. Brown">Michael S. Brown</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Norman_Cohen" title="Stanley Norman Cohen">Stanley Norman Cohen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Goldstein" title="Joseph L. Goldstein">Joseph L. Goldstein</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Hilleman" title="Maurice Hilleman">Maurice R. Hilleman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eric_Kandel" title="Eric Kandel">Eric R. Kandel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Sussman_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Sussman Yalow">Rosalyn Sussman Yalow</a></dd> <dt>1989</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Esau" title="Katherine Esau">Katherine Esau</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Hamburger" title="Viktor Hamburger">Viktor Hamburger</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Philip_Leder" title="Philip Leder">Philip Leder</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Joshua Lederberg</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Roger_W._Sperry" class="mw-redirect" title="Roger W. Sperry">Roger W. Sperry</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harland_G._Wood" title="Harland G. Wood">Harland G. Wood</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1990</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Baruj_Benacerraf" title="Baruj Benacerraf">Baruj Benacerraf</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herbert_W._Boyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert W. Boyer">Herbert W. Boyer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Daniel_E._Koshland_Jr." title="Daniel E. Koshland Jr.">Daniel E. Koshland Jr.</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edward_B._Lewis" title="Edward B. Lewis">Edward B. Lewis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/David_G._Nathan" title="David G. Nathan">David G. Nathan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/E._Donnall_Thomas" title="E. Donnall Thomas">E. Donnall Thomas</a></dd> <dt>1991</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ellen_Avery" title="Mary Ellen Avery">Mary Ellen Avery</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/G._Evelyn_Hutchinson" title="G. Evelyn Hutchinson">G. Evelyn Hutchinson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elvin_A._Kabat" title="Elvin A. Kabat">Elvin A. Kabat</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kates" title="Robert Kates">Robert W. Kates</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Luria" title="Salvador Luria">Salvador Luria</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_Marks_(scientist)" title="Paul Marks (scientist)">Paul A. Marks</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Folke_K._Skoog" title="Folke K. Skoog">Folke K. Skoog</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_C._Zamecnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul C. Zamecnik">Paul C. Zamecnik</a></dd> <dt>1992</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maxine_Singer" title="Maxine Singer">Maxine Singer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Howard_Martin_Temin" title="Howard Martin Temin">Howard Martin Temin</a></dd> <dt>1993</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Nathans" title="Daniel Nathans">Daniel Nathans</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Salome_G._Waelsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Salome G. Waelsch">Salome G. Waelsch</a></dd> <dt>1994</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Eisner" title="Thomas Eisner">Thomas Eisner</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_F._Neufeld" title="Elizabeth F. Neufeld">Elizabeth F. Neufeld</a></dd> <dt>1995</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Rich" title="Alexander Rich">Alexander Rich</a></dd> <dt>1996</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Patrick" title="Ruth Patrick">Ruth Patrick</a></dd> <dt>1997</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson">James Watson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Weinberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert A. Weinberg">Robert A. Weinberg</a></dd> <dt>1998</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Ames" title="Bruce Ames">Bruce Ames</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Janet_Rowley" title="Janet Rowley">Janet Rowley</a></dd> <dt>1999</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/David_Baltimore" title="David Baltimore">David Baltimore</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jared_Diamond" title="Jared Diamond">Jared Diamond</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Margulis" title="Lynn Margulis">Lynn Margulis</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2000</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nancy_C._Andreasen" class="mw-redirect" title="Nancy C. Andreasen">Nancy C. Andreasen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peter_H._Raven" title="Peter H. Raven">Peter H. Raven</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Carl_Woese" title="Carl Woese">Carl Woese</a></dd> <dt>2001</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Francisco_J._Ayala" title="Francisco J. Ayala">Francisco J. Ayala</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Bass_(archaeologist)" title="George Bass (archaeologist)">George F. Bass</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mario_R._Capecchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mario R. Capecchi">Mario R. Capecchi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ann_Graybiel" title="Ann Graybiel">Ann Graybiel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gene_Likens" title="Gene Likens">Gene E. Likens</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Victor_A._McKusick" title="Victor A. McKusick">Victor A. McKusick</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harold_Varmus" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold Varmus">Harold Varmus</a></dd> <dt>2002</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_E._Darnell" title="James E. Darnell">James E. Darnell</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_M._Witkin" title="Evelyn M. Witkin">Evelyn M. Witkin</a></dd> <dt>2003</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Bishop" title="J. Michael Bishop">J. Michael Bishop</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Solomon_H._Snyder" title="Solomon H. Snyder">Solomon H. Snyder</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Charles_Yanofsky" title="Charles Yanofsky">Charles Yanofsky</a></dd> <dt>2004</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Norman_Borlaug" title="Norman Borlaug">Norman E. Borlaug</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Phillip_A._Sharp" class="mw-redirect" title="Phillip A. Sharp">Phillip A. Sharp</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Starzl" title="Thomas Starzl">Thomas E. Starzl</a></dd> <dt>2005</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Fauci" title="Anthony Fauci">Anthony Fauci</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Torsten_N._Wiesel" class="mw-redirect" title="Torsten N. Wiesel">Torsten N. Wiesel</a></dd> <dt>2006</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rita_R._Colwell" title="Rita R. Colwell">Rita R. Colwell</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nina_Fedoroff" title="Nina Fedoroff">Nina Fedoroff</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lubert_Stryer" title="Lubert Stryer">Lubert Stryer</a></dd> <dt>2007</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Robert J. Lefkowitz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bert_W._O%27Malley" title="Bert W. O'Malley">Bert W. O'Malley</a></dd> <dt>2008</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Francis_Collins" title="Francis Collins">Francis S. Collins</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Fuchs" title="Elaine Fuchs">Elaine Fuchs</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Craig_Venter" title="Craig Venter">J. Craig Venter</a></dd> <dt>2009</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Susan_L._Lindquist" class="mw-redirect" title="Susan L. Lindquist">Susan L. Lindquist</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stanley_B._Prusiner" title="Stanley B. Prusiner">Stanley B. Prusiner</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2010</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ralph_L._Brinster" title="Ralph L. Brinster">Ralph L. Brinster</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Jaenisch" title="Rudolf Jaenisch">Rudolf Jaenisch</a></dd> <dt>2011</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Shapiro" title="Lucy Shapiro">Lucy Shapiro</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leroy_Hood" title="Leroy Hood">Leroy Hood</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sallie_Chisholm" class="mw-redirect" title="Sallie Chisholm">Sallie Chisholm</a></dd> <dt>2012</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/May_Berenbaum" title="May Berenbaum">May Berenbaum</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Alberts" title="Bruce Alberts">Bruce Alberts</a></dd> <dt>2013</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rakesh_K._Jain" class="mw-redirect" title="Rakesh K. Jain">Rakesh K. Jain</a></dd> <dt>2014</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Falkow" title="Stanley Falkow">Stanley Falkow</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mary-Claire_King" title="Mary-Claire King">Mary-Claire King</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Simon_Levin" class="mw-redirect" title="Simon Levin">Simon Levin</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Chemistry" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chemistry</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1964</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Roger_Adams" title="Roger Adams">Roger Adams</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1982</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/F._Albert_Cotton" title="F. Albert Cotton">F. Albert Cotton</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Stork" title="Gilbert Stork">Gilbert Stork</a></dd> <dt>1983</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Roald Hoffmann</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_C._Pimentel" title="George C. Pimentel">George C. Pimentel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_N._Zare" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard N. Zare">Richard N. Zare</a></dd> <dt>1986</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harry_B._Gray" title="Harry B. Gray">Harry B. Gray</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yuan_Tseh_Lee" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuan Tseh Lee">Yuan Tseh Lee</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Carl_S._Marvel" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl S. Marvel">Carl S. Marvel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Frank_H._Westheimer" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank H. Westheimer">Frank H. Westheimer</a></dd> <dt>1987</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_Summer_Johnson" title="William Summer Johnson">William S. Johnson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Walter_H._Stockmayer" title="Walter H. Stockmayer">Walter H. Stockmayer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Max_Tishler" title="Max Tishler">Max Tishler</a></dd> <dt>1988</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_O._Baker" title="William O. Baker">William O. Baker</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Konrad_E._Bloch" class="mw-redirect" title="Konrad E. Bloch">Konrad E. Bloch</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elias_J._Corey" class="mw-redirect" title="Elias J. Corey">Elias J. Corey</a></dd> <dt>1989</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_Barry_Bernstein" title="Richard Barry Bernstein">Richard B. Bernstein</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Melvin Calvin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rudolph_A._Marcus" title="Rudolph A. Marcus">Rudolph A. Marcus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harden_M._McConnell" title="Harden M. McConnell">Harden M. McConnell</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1990</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elkan_Blout" title="Elkan Blout">Elkan Blout</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Karl_August_Folkers" title="Karl August Folkers">Karl Folkers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_D._Roberts" title="John D. Roberts">John D. Roberts</a></dd> <dt>1991</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Breslow" title="Ronald Breslow">Ronald Breslow</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_B._Elion" title="Gertrude B. Elion">Gertrude B. Elion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dudley_R._Herschbach" title="Dudley R. Herschbach">Dudley R. Herschbach</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Glenn T. Seaborg</a></dd> <dt>1992</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Howard_Ensign_Simmons_Jr." title="Howard Ensign Simmons Jr.">Howard E. Simmons Jr.</a></dd> <dt>1993</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Cram" title="Donald J. Cram">Donald J. Cram</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Norman_Hackerman" title="Norman Hackerman">Norman Hackerman</a></dd> <dt>1994</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_S._Hammond" title="George S. Hammond">George S. Hammond</a></dd> <dt>1995</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cech" title="Thomas Cech">Thomas Cech</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Isabella_L._Karle" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabella L. Karle">Isabella L. Karle</a></dd> <dt>1996</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Norman_Davidson_(biologist)" title="Norman Davidson (biologist)">Norman Davidson</a></dd> <dt>1997</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Darleane_C._Hoffman" title="Darleane C. Hoffman">Darleane C. Hoffman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harold_S._Johnston" title="Harold S. Johnston">Harold S. Johnston</a></dd> <dt>1998</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_W._Cahn" title="John W. Cahn">John W. Cahn</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_M._Whitesides" title="George M. Whitesides">George M. Whitesides</a></dd> <dt>1999</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stuart_A._Rice" title="Stuart A. Rice">Stuart A. Rice</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Ross_(chemist)" title="John Ross (chemist)">John Ross</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Susan_Solomon" title="Susan Solomon">Susan Solomon</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2000</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_D._Baldeschwieler" title="John D. Baldeschwieler">John D. Baldeschwieler</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ralph_F._Hirschmann" title="Ralph F. Hirschmann">Ralph F. Hirschmann</a></dd> <dt>2001</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ernest_R._Davidson" title="Ernest R. Davidson">Ernest R. Davidson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1bor_A._Somorjai" title="Gábor A. Somorjai">Gábor A. Somorjai</a></dd> <dt>2002</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_I._Brauman" class="mw-redirect" title="John I. Brauman">John I. Brauman</a></dd> <dt>2004</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stephen_J._Lippard" title="Stephen J. Lippard">Stephen J. Lippard</a></dd> <dt>2005</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tobin_J._Marks" title="Tobin J. Marks">Tobin J. Marks</a></dd> <dt>2006</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marvin_H._Caruthers" title="Marvin H. Caruthers">Marvin H. Caruthers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peter_Dervan" title="Peter Dervan">Peter B. Dervan</a></dd> <dt>2007</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mostafa_El-Sayed" title="Mostafa El-Sayed">Mostafa A. El-Sayed</a></dd> <dt>2008</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joanna_Fowler" title="Joanna Fowler">Joanna Fowler</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/JoAnne_Stubbe" title="JoAnne Stubbe">JoAnne Stubbe</a></dd> <dt>2009</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stephen_J._Benkovic" title="Stephen J. Benkovic">Stephen J. Benkovic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marye_Anne_Fox" title="Marye Anne Fox">Marye Anne Fox</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2010</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_K._Barton" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacqueline K. Barton">Jacqueline K. Barton</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Stang" title="Peter J. Stang">Peter J. Stang</a></dd> <dt>2011</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Allen_J._Bard" title="Allen J. Bard">Allen J. Bard</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/M._Frederick_Hawthorne" title="M. Frederick Hawthorne">M. Frederick Hawthorne</a></dd> <dt>2012</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Judith_P._Klinman" class="mw-redirect" title="Judith P. Klinman">Judith P. Klinman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jerrold_Meinwald" title="Jerrold Meinwald">Jerrold Meinwald</a></dd> <dt>2013</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Geraldine_L._Richmond" title="Geraldine L. Richmond">Geraldine L. Richmond</a></dd> <dt>2014</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/A._Paul_Alivisatos" class="mw-redirect" title="A. Paul Alivisatos">A. Paul Alivisatos</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Engineering_sciences" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Engineering sciences</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1962</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" title="Theodore von Kármán">Theodore von Kármán</a></dd> <dt>1963</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vannevar_Bush" title="Vannevar Bush">Vannevar Bush</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Robinson_Pierce" class="mw-redirect" title="John Robinson Pierce">John Robinson Pierce</a></dd> <dt>1964</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Charles_S._Draper" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles S. Draper">Charles S. Draper</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Othmar_Ammann" title="Othmar Ammann">Othmar H. Ammann</a></dd> <dt>1965</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hugh_L._Dryden" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh L. Dryden">Hugh L. Dryden</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Clarence_L._Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarence L. Johnson">Clarence L. Johnson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Warren_K._Lewis" title="Warren K. Lewis">Warren K. Lewis</a></dd> <dt>1966</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Claude_E._Shannon" class="mw-redirect" title="Claude E. Shannon">Claude E. Shannon</a></dd> <dt>1967</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edwin_H._Land" title="Edwin H. Land">Edwin H. Land</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Igor_I._Sikorsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Igor I. Sikorsky">Igor I. Sikorsky</a></dd> <dt>1968</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/J._Presper_Eckert" title="J. Presper Eckert">J. Presper Eckert</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nathan_M._Newmark" title="Nathan M. Newmark">Nathan M. Newmark</a></dd> <dt>1969</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jack_St._Clair_Kilby" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack St. Clair Kilby">Jack St. Clair Kilby</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1970</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_E._Mueller" class="mw-redirect" title="George E. Mueller">George E. Mueller</a></dd> <dt>1973</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harold_E._Edgerton" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold E. Edgerton">Harold E. Edgerton</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_T._Whitcomb" title="Richard T. Whitcomb">Richard T. Whitcomb</a></dd> <dt>1974</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Kompfner" title="Rudolf Kompfner">Rudolf Kompfner</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Brazelton_Peck" title="Ralph Brazelton Peck">Ralph Brazelton Peck</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Abel_Wolman" title="Abel Wolman">Abel Wolman</a></dd> <dt>1975</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Manson_Benedict" title="Manson Benedict">Manson Benedict</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_Hayward_Pickering" class="mw-redirect" title="William Hayward Pickering">William Hayward Pickering</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Terman" title="Frederick Terman">Frederick E. Terman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wernher_von_Braun" title="Wernher von Braun">Wernher von Braun</a></dd> <dt>1976</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Morris_Cohen_(scientist)" title="Morris Cohen (scientist)">Morris Cohen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peter_C._Goldmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter C. Goldmark">Peter C. Goldmark</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Wilhelm_M%C3%BCller" title="Erwin Wilhelm Müller">Erwin Wilhelm Müller</a></dd> <dt>1979</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Emmett_N._Leith" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmett N. Leith">Emmett N. Leith</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Raymond_D._Mindlin" title="Raymond D. Mindlin">Raymond D. Mindlin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_N._Noyce" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert N. Noyce">Robert N. Noyce</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Earl_R._Parker" title="Earl R. Parker">Earl R. Parker</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Simon_Ramo" title="Simon Ramo">Simon Ramo</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1982</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edward_H._Heinemann" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward H. Heinemann">Edward H. Heinemann</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Donald_L._Katz" title="Donald L. Katz">Donald L. Katz</a></dd> <dt>1983</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bill_Hewlett" title="Bill Hewlett">Bill Hewlett</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Low" title="George Low">George Low</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_G._Trump" title="John G. Trump">John G. Trump</a></dd> <dt>1986</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hans_Wolfgang_Liepmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans Wolfgang Liepmann">Hans Wolfgang Liepmann</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tung-Yen_Lin" title="Tung-Yen Lin">Tung-Yen Lin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bernard_M._Oliver" title="Bernard M. Oliver">Bernard M. Oliver</a></dd> <dt>1987</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Byron_Bird" title="Robert Byron Bird">Robert Byron Bird</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/H._Bolton_Seed" class="mw-redirect" title="H. Bolton Seed">H. Bolton Seed</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Weber_(engineer)" title="Ernst Weber (engineer)">Ernst Weber</a></dd> <dt>1988</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Daniel_C._Drucker" title="Daniel C. Drucker">Daniel C. Drucker</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Willis_M._Hawkins" class="mw-redirect" title="Willis M. Hawkins">Willis M. Hawkins</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_W._Housner" title="George W. Housner">George W. Housner</a></dd> <dt>1989</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harry_George_Drickamer" title="Harry George Drickamer">Harry George Drickamer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herbert_E._Grier" title="Herbert E. Grier">Herbert E. Grier</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1990</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Dresselhaus" title="Mildred Dresselhaus">Mildred Dresselhaus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nick_Holonyak_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Nick Holonyak Jr.">Nick Holonyak Jr.</a></dd> <dt>1991</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_H._Heilmeier" title="George H. Heilmeier">George H. Heilmeier</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Luna_B._Leopold" class="mw-redirect" title="Luna B. Leopold">Luna B. Leopold</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/H._Guyford_Stever" class="mw-redirect" title="H. Guyford Stever">H. Guyford Stever</a></dd> <dt>1992</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Calvin_F._Quate" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvin F. Quate">Calvin F. Quate</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Roy_Whinnery" title="John Roy Whinnery">John Roy Whinnery</a></dd> <dt>1993</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Y._Cho" title="Alfred Y. Cho">Alfred Y. Cho</a></dd> <dt>1994</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ray_W._Clough" class="mw-redirect" title="Ray W. Clough">Ray W. Clough</a></dd> <dt>1995</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hermann_A._Haus" title="Hermann A. Haus">Hermann A. Haus</a></dd> <dt>1996</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_L._Flanagan" title="James L. Flanagan">James L. Flanagan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/C._Kumar_N._Patel" title="C. Kumar N. Patel">C. Kumar N. Patel</a></dd> <dt>1998</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eli_Ruckenstein" title="Eli Ruckenstein">Eli Ruckenstein</a></dd> <dt>1999</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_N._Stevens" title="Kenneth N. Stevens">Kenneth N. Stevens</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2000</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yuan-Cheng_Fung" title="Yuan-Cheng Fung">Yuan-Cheng B. Fung</a></dd> <dt>2001</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Acrivos" title="Andreas Acrivos">Andreas Acrivos</a></dd> <dt>2002</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leo_Beranek" title="Leo Beranek">Leo Beranek</a></dd> <dt>2003</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Prausnitz" title="John Prausnitz">John M. Prausnitz</a></dd> <dt>2004</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edwin_N._Lightfoot" title="Edwin N. Lightfoot">Edwin N. Lightfoot</a></dd> <dt>2005</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jan_D._Achenbach" title="Jan D. Achenbach">Jan D. Achenbach</a></dd> <dt>2006</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Langer" title="Robert S. Langer">Robert S. Langer</a></dd> <dt>2007</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/David_J._Wineland" title="David J. Wineland">David J. Wineland</a></dd> <dt>2008</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_E._K%C3%A1lm%C3%A1n" title="Rudolf E. Kálmán">Rudolf E. Kálmán</a></dd> <dt>2009</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Amnon_Yariv" title="Amnon Yariv">Amnon Yariv</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2010</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Shu_Chien" title="Shu Chien">Shu Chien</a></dd> <dt>2011</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_B._Goodenough" title="John B. Goodenough">John B. Goodenough</a></dd> <dt>2012</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kailath" title="Thomas Kailath">Thomas Kailath</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Mathematical,_statistical,_and_computer_sciences" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Mathematical, statistical, and computer sciences</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1963</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Norbert_Wiener" title="Norbert Wiener">Norbert Wiener</a></dd> <dt>1964</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Lefschetz" title="Solomon Lefschetz">Solomon Lefschetz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marston_Morse" title="Marston Morse">H. Marston Morse</a></dd> <dt>1965</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Zariski" title="Oscar Zariski">Oscar Zariski</a></dd> <dt>1966</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Milnor" title="John Milnor">John Milnor</a></dd> <dt>1967</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_Cohen" title="Paul Cohen">Paul Cohen</a></dd> <dt>1968</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Neyman" title="Jerzy Neyman">Jerzy Neyman</a></dd> <dt>1969</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_Feller" title="William Feller">William Feller</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1970</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_Brauer" title="Richard Brauer">Richard Brauer</a></dd> <dt>1973</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Tukey" title="John Tukey">John Tukey</a></dd> <dt>1974</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kurt_G%C3%B6del" title="Kurt Gödel">Kurt Gödel</a></dd> <dt>1975</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_W._Backus" class="mw-redirect" title="John W. Backus">John W. Backus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Shiing-Shen_Chern" title="Shiing-Shen Chern">Shiing-Shen Chern</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Dantzig" title="George Dantzig">George Dantzig</a></dd> <dt>1976</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kurt_O._Friedrichs" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurt O. Friedrichs">Kurt Otto Friedrichs</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hassler_Whitney" title="Hassler Whitney">Hassler Whitney</a></dd> <dt>1979</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Doob" title="Joseph L. Doob">Joseph L. Doob</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth">Donald E. Knuth</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1982</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marshall_H._Stone" title="Marshall H. Stone">Marshall H. Stone</a></dd> <dt>1983</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herman_Goldstine" title="Herman Goldstine">Herman Goldstine</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Isadore_Singer" title="Isadore Singer">Isadore Singer</a></dd> <dt>1986</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lax" title="Peter Lax">Peter Lax</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Zygmund" title="Antoni Zygmund">Antoni Zygmund</a></dd> <dt>1987</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Bott" title="Raoul Bott">Raoul Bott</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_Freedman" title="Michael Freedman">Michael Freedman</a></dd> <dt>1988</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ralph_E._Gomory" title="Ralph E. Gomory">Ralph E. Gomory</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joseph_B._Keller" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph B. Keller">Joseph B. Keller</a></dd> <dt>1989</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Karlin" title="Samuel Karlin">Samuel Karlin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Saunders_Mac_Lane" title="Saunders Mac Lane">Saunders Mac Lane</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Donald_C._Spencer" title="Donald C. Spencer">Donald C. Spencer</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1990</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_F._Carrier" title="George F. Carrier">George F. Carrier</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Cole_Kleene" title="Stephen Cole Kleene">Stephen Cole Kleene</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_McCarthy_(computer_scientist)" title="John McCarthy (computer scientist)">John McCarthy</a></dd> <dt>1991</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Calder%C3%B3n" title="Alberto Calderón">Alberto Calderón</a></dd> <dt>1992</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Allen_Newell" title="Allen Newell">Allen Newell</a></dd> <dt>1993</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Martin_David_Kruskal" title="Martin David Kruskal">Martin David Kruskal</a></dd> <dt>1994</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Cocke_(computer_scientist)" title="John Cocke (computer scientist)">John Cocke</a></dd> <dt>1995</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Louis_Nirenberg" title="Louis Nirenberg">Louis Nirenberg</a></dd> <dt>1996</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_Karp" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Karp">Richard Karp</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Smale" title="Stephen Smale">Stephen Smale</a></dd> <dt>1997</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Shing-Tung_Yau" title="Shing-Tung Yau">Shing-Tung Yau</a></dd> <dt>1998</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cathleen_Synge_Morawetz" title="Cathleen Synge Morawetz">Cathleen Synge Morawetz</a></dd> <dt>1999</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Felix_Browder" title="Felix Browder">Felix Browder</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Coifman" title="Ronald Coifman">Ronald R. Coifman</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2000</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Griggs_Thompson" class="mw-redirect" title="John Griggs Thompson">John Griggs Thompson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Karen_Uhlenbeck" title="Karen Uhlenbeck">Karen Uhlenbeck</a></dd> <dt>2001</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Calyampudi_Radhakrishna_Rao" class="mw-redirect" title="Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao">Calyampudi R. Rao</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elias_M._Stein" title="Elias M. Stein">Elias M. Stein</a></dd> <dt>2002</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_Glimm" title="James Glimm">James G. Glimm</a></dd> <dt>2003</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Carl_R._de_Boor" title="Carl R. de Boor">Carl R. de Boor</a></dd> <dt>2004</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Sullivan" title="Dennis Sullivan">Dennis P. Sullivan</a></dd> <dt>2005</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bradley_Efron" title="Bradley Efron">Bradley Efron</a></dd> <dt>2006</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hyman_Bass" title="Hyman Bass">Hyman Bass</a></dd> <dt>2007</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Kleinrock" title="Leonard Kleinrock">Leonard Kleinrock</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Viterbi" title="Andrew Viterbi">Andrew J. Viterbi</a></dd> <dt>2009</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/David_B._Mumford" class="mw-redirect" title="David B. Mumford">David B. Mumford</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2010</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Tapia" title="Richard A. Tapia">Richard A. Tapia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/S._R._Srinivasa_Varadhan" title="S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan">S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan</a></dd> <dt>2011</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Solomon_W._Golomb" title="Solomon W. Golomb">Solomon W. Golomb</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Barry_Mazur" title="Barry Mazur">Barry Mazur</a></dd> <dt>2012</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Chorin" title="Alexandre Chorin">Alexandre Chorin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/David_Blackwell" title="David Blackwell">David Blackwell</a></dd> <dt>2013</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_Artin" title="Michael Artin">Michael Artin</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Physical_sciences" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Physical sciences</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1963</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez" title="Luis Walter Alvarez">Luis W. Alvarez</a></dd> <dt>1964</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Julian_Schwinger" title="Julian Schwinger">Julian Schwinger</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harold_Urey" title="Harold Urey">Harold Urey</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Robert Burns Woodward</a></dd> <dt>1965</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Peter Debye</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leon_M._Lederman" title="Leon M. Lederman">Leon M. Lederman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_Rubey" class="mw-redirect" title="William Rubey">William Rubey</a></dd> <dt>1966</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Bjerknes" title="Jacob Bjerknes">Jacob Bjerknes</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Henry_Eyring_(chemist)" title="Henry Eyring (chemist)">Henry Eyring</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_H._Van_Vleck" class="mw-redirect" title="John H. Van Vleck">John H. Van Vleck</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_K._Zworykin" title="Vladimir K. Zworykin">Vladimir K. Zworykin</a></dd> <dt>1967</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Beams" title="Jesse Beams">Jesse Beams</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Francis_Birch_(geophysicist)" title="Francis Birch (geophysicist)">Francis Birch</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Breit" title="Gregory Breit">Gregory Breit</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Louis_Hammett" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Hammett">Louis Hammett</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Kistiakowsky" title="George Kistiakowsky">George Kistiakowsky</a></dd> <dt>1968</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_Doughty_Bartlett" title="Paul Doughty Bartlett">Paul Bartlett</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Friedman" title="Herbert Friedman">Herbert Friedman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Lars Onsager</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wigner" title="Eugene Wigner">Eugene Wigner</a></dd> <dt>1969</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herbert_C._Brown" title="Herbert C. Brown">Herbert C. Brown</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Panofsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolfgang Panofsky">Wolfgang Panofsky</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1970</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Dicke" title="Robert H. Dicke">Robert H. Dicke</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Allan_R._Sandage" class="mw-redirect" title="Allan R. Sandage">Allan R. Sandage</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_C._Slater" title="John C. Slater">John C. Slater</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_A._Wheeler" class="mw-redirect" title="John A. Wheeler">John A. Wheeler</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Saul_Winstein" title="Saul Winstein">Saul Winstein</a></dd> <dt>1973</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Carl_Djerassi" title="Carl Djerassi">Carl Djerassi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Ewing" title="Maurice Ewing">Maurice Ewing</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arie_Jan_Haagen-Smit" title="Arie Jan Haagen-Smit">Arie Jan Haagen-Smit</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Haensel" title="Vladimir Haensel">Vladimir Haensel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Seitz" title="Frederick Seitz">Frederick Seitz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rathbun_Wilson" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Rathbun Wilson">Robert Rathbun Wilson</a></dd> <dt>1974</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen">Nicolaas Bloembergen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_Flory" title="Paul Flory">Paul Flory</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_Alfred_Fowler" title="William Alfred Fowler">William Alfred Fowler</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Linus_Carl_Pauling" class="mw-redirect" title="Linus Carl Pauling">Linus Carl Pauling</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Sanborn_Pitzer" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer">Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer</a></dd> <dt>1975</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hans_A._Bethe" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans A. Bethe">Hans A. Bethe</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joseph_O._Hirschfelder" title="Joseph O. Hirschfelder">Joseph O. Hirschfelder</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Sarett" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis Sarett">Lewis Sarett</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Bright_Wilson" title="Edgar Bright Wilson">Edgar Bright Wilson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chien-Shiung_Wu" title="Chien-Shiung Wu">Chien-Shiung Wu</a></dd> <dt>1976</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Goudsmit" title="Samuel Goudsmit">Samuel Goudsmit</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herbert_S._Gutowsky" title="Herbert S. Gutowsky">Herbert S. Gutowsky</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Rossini" title="Frederick Rossini">Frederick Rossini</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Verner_Suomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Verner Suomi">Verner Suomi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Henry_Taube" title="Henry Taube">Henry Taube</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Uhlenbeck" title="George Uhlenbeck">George Uhlenbeck</a></dd> <dt>1979</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_P._Feynman" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard P. Feynman">Richard P. Feynman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herman_Mark" class="mw-redirect" title="Herman Mark">Herman Mark</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edward_M._Purcell" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward M. Purcell">Edward M. Purcell</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Sinfelt" class="mw-redirect" title="John Sinfelt">John Sinfelt</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lyman_Spitzer" title="Lyman Spitzer">Lyman Spitzer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Victor_F._Weisskopf" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor F. Weisskopf">Victor F. Weisskopf</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1982</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Philip_Warren_Anderson" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip Warren Anderson">Philip W. Anderson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Yoichiro Nambu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edward_Teller" title="Edward Teller">Edward Teller</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Townes" title="Charles H. Townes">Charles H. Townes</a></dd> <dt>1983</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/E._Margaret_Burbidge" class="mw-redirect" title="E. Margaret Burbidge">E. Margaret Burbidge</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Goldhaber" title="Maurice Goldhaber">Maurice Goldhaber</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Landsberg" title="Helmut Landsberg">Helmut Landsberg</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Walter_Munk" title="Walter Munk">Walter Munk</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Frederick Reines</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bruno_B._Rossi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruno B. Rossi">Bruno B. Rossi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/J._Robert_Schrieffer" class="mw-redirect" title="J. Robert Schrieffer">J. Robert Schrieffer</a></dd> <dt>1986</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Solomon_J._Buchsbaum" title="Solomon J. Buchsbaum">Solomon J. Buchsbaum</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/H._Richard_Crane" title="H. Richard Crane">H. Richard Crane</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herman_Feshbach" title="Herman Feshbach">Herman Feshbach</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter" title="Robert Hofstadter">Robert Hofstadter</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yang_Chen-Ning" title="Yang Chen-Ning">Chen-Ning Yang</a></dd> <dt>1987</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Philip_Abelson" title="Philip Abelson">Philip Abelson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Walter_Elsasser" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Elsasser">Walter Elsasser</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_C._Lauterbur" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul C. Lauterbur">Paul C. Lauterbur</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Pake" title="George Pake">George Pake</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_A._Van_Allen" class="mw-redirect" title="James A. Van Allen">James A. Van Allen</a></dd> <dt>1988</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/D._Allan_Bromley" title="D. Allan Bromley">D. Allan Bromley</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chu_Ching-wu" class="mw-redirect" title="Chu Ching-wu">Paul Ching-Wu Chu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Walter_Kohn" title="Walter Kohn">Walter Kohn</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Norman_Foster_Ramsey_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.">Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jack_Steinberger" title="Jack Steinberger">Jack Steinberger</a></dd> <dt>1989</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arnold_O._Beckman" class="mw-redirect" title="Arnold O. Beckman">Arnold O. Beckman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Parker" title="Eugene Parker">Eugene Parker</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_P._Sharp" title="Robert P. Sharp">Robert Sharp</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Henry_Stommel" title="Henry Stommel">Henry Stommel</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1990</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Allan_McLeod_Cormack" class="mw-redirect" title="Allan McLeod Cormack">Allan M. Cormack</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edwin_M._McMillan" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin M. McMillan">Edwin M. McMillan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Pound" title="Robert Pound">Robert Pound</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Roger_Revelle" title="Roger Revelle">Roger Revelle</a></dd> <dt>1991</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arthur_L._Schawlow" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur L. Schawlow">Arthur L. Schawlow</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Stone" title="Edward C. Stone">Ed Stone</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Steven Weinberg</a></dd> <dt>1992</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eugene_M._Shoemaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene M. Shoemaker">Eugene M. Shoemaker</a></dd> <dt>1993</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Val_Logsdon_Fitch" title="Val Logsdon Fitch">Val Fitch</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vera_Rubin" title="Vera Rubin">Vera Rubin</a></dd> <dt>1994</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Albert_Overhauser" title="Albert Overhauser">Albert Overhauser</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Frank_Press" title="Frank Press">Frank Press</a></dd> <dt>1995</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hans_Dehmelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans Dehmelt">Hans Dehmelt</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peter_Goldreich" title="Peter Goldreich">Peter Goldreich</a></dd> <dt>1996</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wallace_S._Broecker" class="mw-redirect" title="Wallace S. Broecker">Wallace S. Broecker</a></dd> <dt>1997</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Rosenbluth" title="Marshall Rosenbluth">Marshall Rosenbluth</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Martin_Schwarzschild" title="Martin Schwarzschild">Martin Schwarzschild</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Wetherill" title="George Wetherill">George Wetherill</a></dd> <dt>1998</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Don_L._Anderson" title="Don L. Anderson">Don L. Anderson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_N._Bahcall" title="John N. Bahcall">John N. Bahcall</a></dd> <dt>1999</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_Cronin" title="James Cronin">James Cronin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leo_Kadanoff" title="Leo Kadanoff">Leo Kadanoff</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2000</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Willis_E._Lamb" class="mw-redirect" title="Willis E. Lamb">Willis E. Lamb</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_P._Ostriker" title="Jeremiah P. Ostriker">Jeremiah P. Ostriker</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_F._White" title="Gilbert F. White">Gilbert F. White</a></dd> <dt>2001</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marvin_L._Cohen" title="Marvin L. Cohen">Marvin L. Cohen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis_Jr." title="Raymond Davis Jr.">Raymond Davis Jr.</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Charles_Keeling" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Keeling">Charles Keeling</a></dd> <dt>2002</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_Garwin" title="Richard Garwin">Richard Garwin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/W._Jason_Morgan" title="W. Jason Morgan">W. Jason Morgan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edward_Witten" title="Edward Witten">Edward Witten</a></dd> <dt>2003</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/G._Brent_Dalrymple" class="mw-redirect" title="G. Brent Dalrymple">G. Brent Dalrymple</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Riccardo Giacconi</a></dd> <dt>2004</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_N._Clayton" title="Robert N. Clayton">Robert N. Clayton</a></dd> <dt>2005</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ralph_A._Alpher" class="mw-redirect" title="Ralph A. Alpher">Ralph A. Alpher</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lonnie_Thompson" title="Lonnie Thompson">Lonnie Thompson</a></dd> <dt>2006</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kleppner" title="Daniel Kleppner">Daniel Kleppner</a></dd> <dt>2007</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fay_Ajzenberg-Selove" title="Fay Ajzenberg-Selove">Fay Ajzenberg-Selove</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Charles_Pence_Slichter" title="Charles Pence Slichter">Charles P. Slichter</a></dd> <dt>2008</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Berni_Alder" title="Berni Alder">Berni Alder</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_E._Gunn_(astronomer)" class="mw-redirect" title="James E. Gunn (astronomer)">James E. Gunn</a></dd> <dt>2009</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yakir_Aharonov" title="Yakir Aharonov">Yakir Aharonov</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Esther_M._Conwell" title="Esther M. Conwell">Esther M. Conwell</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Warren_M._Washington" title="Warren M. Washington">Warren M. Washington</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2011</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Drell" title="Sidney Drell">Sidney Drell</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Faber" title="Sandra Faber">Sandra Faber</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sylvester_James_Gates" title="Sylvester James Gates">Sylvester James Gates</a></dd> <dt>2012</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Burton Richter</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sean_Solomon" title="Sean Solomon">Sean C. Solomon</a></dd> <dt>2014</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Ann_Jackson" title="Shirley Ann Jackson">Shirley Ann Jackson</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Recipients_of_the_ASME_Medal" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:ASME_Medal" title="Template:ASME Medal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:ASME_Medal" title="Template talk:ASME Medal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:ASME_Medal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:ASME Medal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Recipients_of_the_ASME_Medal" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Recipients of the <a href="/wiki/ASME_Medal" title="ASME Medal">ASME Medal</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1921–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1921: <a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_G._Carlson" title="Hjalmar G. Carlson">Hjalmar G. Carlson</a></li> <li>1922: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_A._Halsey" title="Frederick A. Halsey">Frederick A. Halsey</a></li> <li>1923: <a href="/wiki/John_R._Freeman" class="mw-redirect" title="John R. Freeman">John R. Freeman</a></li> <li>1926: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan" title="Robert Andrews Millikan">Robert Andrews Millikan</a></li> <li>1927: <a href="/wiki/Wilfred_Lewis" title="Wilfred Lewis">Wilfred Lewis</a></li> <li>1928: <a href="/wiki/Julian_Kennedy" title="Julian Kennedy">Julian Kennedy</a></li> <li>1930: <a href="/wiki/W._L._R._Emmet" class="mw-redirect" title="W. L. R. Emmet">W. L. R. Emmet</a></li> <li>1931: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Kingsbury" title="Albert Kingsbury">Albert Kingsbury</a></li> <li>1933: <a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Swasey" title="Ambrose Swasey">Ambrose Swasey</a></li> <li>1934: <a href="/wiki/Willis_Carrier" title="Willis Carrier">Willis Carrier</a></li> <li>1935: <a href="/wiki/Charles_T._Main" title="Charles T. Main">Charles T. Main</a></li> <li>1936: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Bausch" title="Edward Bausch">Edward Bausch</a></li> <li>1937: <a href="/wiki/Edward_P._Bullard_Jr." title="Edward P. Bullard Jr.">Edward P. Bullard Jr.</a></li> <li>1938: <a href="/wiki/Stephen_J._Pigott" title="Stephen J. Pigott">Stephen J. Pigott</a></li> <li>1939: <a href="/wiki/James_E._Gleason" title="James E. Gleason">James E. Gleason</a></li> <li>1940: <a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Kettering" title="Charles F. Kettering">Charles F. Kettering</a></li> <li>1941: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" title="Theodore von Kármán">Theodore von Kármán</a></li> <li>1942: <a href="/wiki/Ervin_G._Bailey" title="Ervin G. Bailey">Ervin G. Bailey</a></li> <li>1943: <a href="/wiki/Lewis_K._Sillcox" title="Lewis K. Sillcox">Lewis K. Sillcox</a></li> <li>1944: <a href="/wiki/Edward_G._Budd" title="Edward G. Budd">Edward G. Budd</a></li> <li>1945: <a href="/wiki/William_F._Durand" title="William F. Durand">William F. Durand</a></li> <li>1946: <a href="/wiki/Morris_E._Leeds" title="Morris E. Leeds">Morris E. Leeds</a></li> <li>1947: <a href="/wiki/Paul_W._Kiefer" title="Paul W. Kiefer">Paul W. Kiefer</a></li> <li>1948: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_G._Keyes" title="Frederick G. Keyes">Frederick G. Keyes</a></li> <li>1949: <a href="/wiki/Fred_L._Dornbrook" title="Fred L. Dornbrook">Fred L. Dornbrook</a></li> <li>1950: <a href="/wiki/Harvey_C._Knowles" title="Harvey C. Knowles">Harvey C. Knowles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1951: <a href="/wiki/Glenn_B._Warren" title="Glenn B. Warren">Glenn B. Warren</a></li> <li>1952: <a href="/wiki/Nevin_E._Funk" title="Nevin E. Funk">Nevin E. Funk</a></li> <li>1953: <a href="/wiki/Crosby_Field" title="Crosby Field">Crosby Field</a></li> <li>1954: <a href="/wiki/E._Burnley_Powell" title="E. Burnley Powell">E. Burnley Powell</a></li> <li>1955: <a href="/wiki/Granville_M._Read" title="Granville M. Read">Granville M. Read</a></li> <li>1956: <a href="/wiki/Harry_F._Vickers" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry F. Vickers">Harry F. Vickers</a></li> <li>1957: <a href="/wiki/Llewellyn_M._K._Boelter" title="Llewellyn M. K. Boelter">Llewellyn M. K. Boelter</a></li> <li>1958: <a href="/wiki/Wilbur_H._Armacost" title="Wilbur H. Armacost">Wilbur H. Armacost</a></li> <li>1959: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Frisch" title="Martin Frisch">Martin Frisch</a></li> <li>1960: <a href="/wiki/C._Richard_Soderberg" class="mw-redirect" title="C. Richard Soderberg">C. Richard Soderberg</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/wiki/Philip_Sporn" title="Philip Sporn">Philip Sporn</a></li> <li>1963: <a href="/wiki/Igor_I._Sikorsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Igor I. Sikorsky">Igor I. Sikorsky</a></li> <li>1964: <a href="/wiki/Alan_Howard_(engineer)" title="Alan Howard (engineer)">Alan Howard</a></li> <li>1965: <a href="/wiki/Jan_Burgers" title="Jan Burgers">Jan Burgers</a></li> <li>1967: <a href="/wiki/Mayo_D._Hersey" title="Mayo D. Hersey">Mayo D. Hersey</a></li> <li>1968: <a href="/wiki/Samuel_C._Collins" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel C. Collins">Samuel C. Collins</a></li> <li>1969: <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_H._Donnell" title="Lloyd H. Donnell">Lloyd H. Donnell</a></li> <li>1970: <a href="/wiki/Robert_R._Gilruth" title="Robert R. Gilruth">Robert R. Gilruth</a></li> <li>1971: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Horace_Smart_Beattie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horace Smart Beattie (page does not exist)">Horace Smart Beattie</a></li> <li>1972: <a href="/wiki/Waloddi_Weibull" title="Waloddi Weibull">Waloddi Weibull</a></li> <li>1973: <a href="/wiki/Christopher_C._Kraft_Jr." title="Christopher C. Kraft Jr.">Christopher C. Kraft Jr.</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_J._Hoff" title="Nicholas J. Hoff">Nicholas J. Hoff</a></li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/Maxime_A._Faget" class="mw-redirect" title="Maxime A. Faget">Maxime A. Faget</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1976: <a href="/wiki/Raymond_D._Mindlin" title="Raymond D. Mindlin">Raymond D. Mindlin</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_W._Mann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert W. Mann (page does not exist)">Robert W. Mann</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Pieter_Den_Hartog" title="Jacob Pieter Den Hartog">Jacob P. Den Hartog</a></li> <li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Soichiro_Honda" title="Soichiro Honda">Soichiro Honda</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_S._Hahn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert S. Hahn (page does not exist)">Robert S. Hahn</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_N._Binns_Sr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jack N. Binns Sr. (page does not exist)">Jack N. Binns Sr.</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Cohen_(Deputy_NASA_administrator)" title="Aaron Cohen (Deputy NASA administrator)">Aaron Cohen</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Milton_C._Shaw&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milton C. Shaw (page does not exist)">Milton C. Shaw</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orlan_W._Boston&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orlan W. Boston (page does not exist)">Orlan W. Boston</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Philip_G._Hodge" title="Philip G. Hodge">Philip G. Hodge</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Reissner" title="Eric Reissner">Eric Reissner</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/William_R._Sears" title="William R. Sears">William R. Sears</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Harley_A._Wilhelm" title="Harley A. Wilhelm">Harley A. Wilhelm</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_C._Drucker" title="Daniel C. Drucker">Daniel C. Drucker</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Richard_H._Gallagher" title="Richard H. Gallagher">Richard H. Gallagher</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_C._Dean_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert C. Dean Jr. (page does not exist)">Robert C. Dean Jr.</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Budiansky" title="Bernard Budiansky">Bernard Budiansky</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Kreith" title="Frank Kreith">Frank Kreith</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/H._Norman_Abramson" title="H. Norman Abramson">H. Norman Abramson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2000: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_E._Bergles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur E. Bergles (page does not exist)">Arthur E. Bergles</a></li> <li>2001: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warren_M._Rohsenow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warren M. Rohsenow (page does not exist)">Warren M. Rohsenow</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Leroy_S._Fletcher" title="Leroy S. Fletcher">Leroy S. Fletcher</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Norman_R._Augustine" title="Norman R. Augustine">Norman R. Augustine</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Bradford_W._Parkinson" class="mw-redirect" title="Bradford W. Parkinson">Bradford W. Parkinson</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_E._Uhrig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert E. Uhrig (page does not exist)">Robert E. Uhrig</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_J._Goldstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard J. Goldstein (page does not exist)">Richard J. Goldstein</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Dean_L._Kamen" class="mw-redirect" title="Dean L. Kamen">Dean L. Kamen</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_E._Talke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank E. Talke (page does not exist)">Frank E. Talke</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Suh_Nam-pyo" title="Suh Nam-pyo">Nam-pyo Suh</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/John_Abele" title="John Abele">John Abele</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/C._Daniel_Mote,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="C. Daniel Mote, Jr.">C. Daniel Mote, Jr.</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Jan_D._Achenbach" title="Jan D. Achenbach">Jan D. Achenbach</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siavouche_Nemat-Nasser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siavouche Nemat-Nasser (page does not exist)">Siavouche Nemat-Nasser</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Van_C._Mow" title="Van C. Mow">Van C. Mow</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/James_R._Rice" title="James R. Rice">James R. Rice</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/J._N._Reddy_(engineer)" title="J. N. Reddy (engineer)">J. N. Reddy</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zd%C4%9Bnek_P._Ba%C5%BEant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zděnek P. Bažant (page does not exist)">Zděnek P. Bažant</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_J.R._Hughes" title="Thomas J.R. Hughes">Thomas J.R. Hughes</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Reginald_I._Vachon" title="Reginald I. Vachon">Reginald I. Vachon</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Subra_Suresh" title="Subra Suresh">Subra Suresh</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pol_D._Spanos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pol D. Spanos (page does not exist)">Pol D. Spanos</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Katepalli_R._Sreenivasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Katepalli R. Sreenivasan">Katepalli R. Sreenivasan</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/Huajian_Gao" title="Huajian Gao">Huajian Gao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212446#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212446#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212446#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119015315">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n86150872">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb10981542x">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb10981542x">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35499123">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=js20020925167&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1504510">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p072866454">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/3082323">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000255838&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810638712405606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007319856905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/975312">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119015315">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/147785197">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10571687">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6d81800">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Igor_Sikorsky&oldid=1257820932">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Igor_Sikorsky&oldid=1257820932</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1889_births" title="Category:1889 births">1889 births</a></li><li><a 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inventors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Russian_Orthodox_Christians_from_the_United_States" title="Category:Russian Orthodox Christians from the United States">Russian Orthodox Christians from the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:University_of_Bridgeport_faculty" title="Category:University of Bridgeport faculty">University of Bridgeport faculty</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:University_of_Rhode_Island_faculty" title="Category:University of Rhode Island faculty">University of Rhode Island faculty</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Russian_engineers" title="Category:20th-century Russian engineers">20th-century Russian engineers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_engineers" title="Category:20th-century American engineers">20th-century American engineers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Russian_businesspeople" title="Category:20th-century Russian businesspeople">20th-century Russian businesspeople</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Businesspeople_from_the_Russian_Empire" title="Category:Businesspeople from the Russian Empire">Businesspeople from the Russian Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_businesspeople" title="Category:20th-century American businesspeople">20th-century American businesspeople</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Russian_scientists" title="Category:Russian scientists">Russian scientists</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Russian-language_sources_(ru)" title="Category:CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)">CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_archiveis_links" title="Category:Webarchive template 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