CINXE.COM
United In Sound | Across America, US Patch
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en" dir="ltr" class=""><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta name="viewport" content="viewport-fit=cover, width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"/><link as="font" crossorigin="" href="https://cdn.patchcdn.com/assets/layout/fonts/merriweather/merriweather-regular-webfont.woff2" rel="preload" type="font/woff2"/><style data-href="https://cdn.patchcdn.com/assets/layout/fonts/merriweather/merriweather-regular-webfont.woff2">@font-face{ font-family: 'Merriweather'; src: url(https://cdn.patchcdn.com/assets/layout/fonts/merriweather/merriweather-regular-webfont.woff2) format('woff2'), url(https://cdn.patchcdn.com/assets/layout/fonts/merriweather/merriweather-regular-webfont.woff) format('woff'); font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-display: swap;}</style><link as="font" crossorigin="" href="https://cdn.patchcdn.com/assets/layout/fonts/merriweather/merriweather-bold-webfont.woff2" rel="preload" type="font/woff2"/><style data-href="https://cdn.patchcdn.com/assets/layout/fonts/merriweather/merriweather-bold-webfont.woff2">@font-face { font-family: 'Merriweather'; src: url('https://cdn.patchcdn.com/assets/layout/fonts/merriweather/merriweather-bold-webfont.woff2') format('woff2'), url('https://cdn.patchcdn.com/assets/layout/fonts/merriweather/merriweather-bold-webfont.woff') format('woff'); font-weight: 700; font-style: normal; font-display: swap; }</style><link as="font" crossorigin="" href="https://cdn.patchcdn.com/assets/layout/fonts/merriweather/merriweather-italic-webfont.woff2" rel="preload" type="font/woff2"/><style data-href="https://cdn.patchcdn.com/assets/layout/fonts/merriweather/merriweather-italic-webfont.woff2">@font-face{font-family: 'Merriweather';src:url(https://cdn.patchcdn.com/assets/layout/fonts/merriweather/merriweather-italic-webfont.woff2) format('woff2'),url(https://cdn.patchcdn.com/assets/layout/fonts/merriweather/merriweather-italic-webfont.woff) format('woff'); font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-display: swap;}</style><link as="font" crossorigin="" href="https://cdn.patchcdn.com/assets/layout/fonts/merriweather/merriweather-bolditalic-webfont.woff2) format('woff2'),url(https://cdn.patchcdn.com/assets/layout/fonts/merriweather/merriweather-bolditalic-webfont.woff)" rel="preload" type="font/woff2"/><style data-href="https://cdn.patchcdn.com/assets/layout/fonts/merriweather/merriweather-bolditalic-webfont.woff2) format('woff2'),url(https://cdn.patchcdn.com/assets/layout/fonts/merriweather/merriweather-bolditalic-webfont.woff)">@font-face { font-family: 'Merriweather'; src: url(https://cdn.patchcdn.com/assets/layout/fonts/merriweather/merriweather-bolditalic-webfont.woff2) format('woff2'), url(https://cdn.patchcdn.com/assets/layout/fonts/merriweather/merriweather-bolditalic-webfont.woff) format('woff'); font-weight: 700; font-style: italic; font-display: swap;}</style><title>United In Sound | Across America, US Patch</title><meta name="description" content="United In Sound - Across America, US - When dogs bark, are they using words to communicate?"/><meta name="author_id" content="22908971"/><meta name="article_id" content="29264967"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://patch.com/editorial-feed"/><meta name="robots" content="MAX-IMAGE-PREVIEW:LARGE"/><link rel="canonical" href="https://theconversation.com/when-dogs-bark-are-they-using-words-to-communicate-153345"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://patch.com/img/cdn20/shutterstock/22908971/20210209/053803/styles/patch_image/public/shutterstock-652155388___09173655667.jpg"/><meta property="og:title" content="United In Sound"/><meta property="og:description" content="When dogs bark, are they using words to communicate?"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://patch.com/img/cdn20/shutterstock/22908971/20210209/053803/styles/patch_image/public/shutterstock-652155388___09173655667.jpg"/><meta property="og:image:width" content="800"/><meta property="og:image:height" content="600"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Across America, US Patch"/><meta property="og:updated_time" content="2021-02-09T22:38:04Z"/><meta property="og:type" content="article"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://patch.com/us/across-america/united-sound"/><meta property="article:section" content="Pets"/><meta property="article:modified_time" content="2021-02-09T22:38:04Z"/><meta property="article:published_time" content="2021-02-09T22:38:04Z"/><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","url":"https://patch.com/us/across-america/united-sound","headline":"United In Sound","description":"When dogs bark, are they using words to communicate?","datePublished":"2021-02-09T22:38:04Z","dateModified":"2021-02-09T22:38:04Z","articleSection":"Pets","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"The Conversation","url":"https://patch.com/users/conversation"},"image":["https://patch.com/img/cdn20/shutterstock/22908971/20210209/053803/styles/patch_image/public/shutterstock-652155388___09173655667.jpg"],"mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://patch.com/us/across-america/united-sound"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Patch","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://patch.com/img/cdn/assets/layout/icons/logo/android-chrome-192x192.png?width=48","width":"48","height":"48"}}}</script><meta name="next-head-count" content="27"/><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="x-dns-prefetch-control" content="on"/><meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=430049632"/><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"/><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="default"/><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="Patch"/><meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"/><meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta name="twitter:widgets:theme" content="light"/><meta name="twitter:widgets:border-color" content="#e9e9e9"/><meta property="fb:app_id" content="521361477908471"/><meta property="fb:pages" content="57421062540"/><meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"/><link crossorigin="" href="https://cdn.patchcdn.com" rel="preconnect"/><link href="https://d31qbv1cthcecs.cloudfront.net" rel="preconnect" crossorigin="true"/><link href="//scorecardresearch.com" rel="preconnect" crossorigin="true"/><link href="//sb.scorecardresearch.com" rel="preconnect" crossorigin="true"/><link href="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net" rel="preconnect" crossorigin="true"/><link href="https://c.amazon-adsystem.com" rel="preconnect" crossorigin="true"/><link href="https://ak.sail-horizon.com" rel="preconnect" crossorigin="true"/><link href="https://static.chartbeat.com" rel="preconnect" crossorigin="true"/><link href="https://ping.chartbeat.com" rel="preconnect" crossorigin="true"/><link href="https://www.google-analytics.com" rel="preconnect" crossorigin="true"/><link href="https://cdn.cookielaw.org" rel="preconnect" crossorigin="true"/><link rel="icon" href="https://cdn.patchcdn.com/assets/layout/icons/logo/favicon.ico"/><link rel="icon" href="https://cdn.patchcdn.com/assets/layout/icons/logo/icon.svg" type="image/svg+xml"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://cdn.patchcdn.com/assets/layout/icons/logo/apple-touch-icon.png"/><link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.webmanifest"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link as="font" crossorigin="" href="https://cdn.patchcdn.com/assets/layout/fonts/patch-icons/1.0.12/icons.woff2" rel="preload" type="font/woff2"/><style data-href="https://cdn.patchcdn.com/assets/layout/fonts/patch-icons/1.0.12/icons.woff2">@font-face { font-family: 'Patch'; src: url('https://cdn.patchcdn.com/assets/layout/fonts/patch-icons/1.0.12/icons.eot'); src: url('https://cdn.patchcdn.com/assets/layout/fonts/patch-icons/1.0.12/icons.eot?#iefix') format('embedded-opentype'), url('https://cdn.patchcdn.com/assets/layout/fonts/patch-icons/1.0.12/icons.woff2') format('woff2'), url('https://cdn.patchcdn.com/assets/layout/fonts/patch-icons/1.0.12/icons.woff') format('woff'), url('https://cdn.patchcdn.com/assets/layout/fonts/patch-icons/1.0.12/icons.ttf') format('truetype'), url('https://cdn.patchcdn.com/assets/layout/fonts/patch-icons/1.0.12/icons.otf') format('opentype'); font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; font-display: auto; }</style><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin /><link rel="preload" href="/_next/static/css/15bdc43ebc3163a2.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_next/static/css/15bdc43ebc3163a2.css" data-n-g=""/><link rel="preload" href="/_next/static/css/d39fd6f5c5043e26.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_next/static/css/d39fd6f5c5043e26.css" data-n-p=""/><link rel="preload" href="/_next/static/css/6e4bb33b2caa6869.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_next/static/css/6e4bb33b2caa6869.css" data-n-p=""/><noscript data-n-css=""></noscript><script defer="" nomodule="" src="/_next/static/chunks/polyfills-c67a75d1b6f99dc8.js"></script><script async="" src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js" data-nscript="beforeInteractive"></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/webpack-f99995959339573f.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/framework-f44ba79936f400b5.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/main-1853f357b6d810dd.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/pages/_app-68e1ba9c97ab5406.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/a79515f9-a09568c1e15c2f62.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/6822-b31b17ccb7ff73bb.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/3775-814d6b24058392eb.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/4707-bac62f5d1cf4c8ee.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/1036-bd5e463035bf9b2d.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/6466-0ae50a05695eea1f.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/7701-3e0359fec602d7aa.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/7493-350403067ac7b880.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/4413-fdc7c631a76cce02.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/6646-f49e596e094578a5.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/9162-591fb029b3af57a1.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/2515-6f2ab2838417c60e.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/5515-48854c645bfde798.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/2743-7456110fed7afcdb.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/1511-9a110250ba4452ff.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/9294-5c81fdf1280e365c.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/5040-1b3baa595a944659.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/173-07dcab8d1ed4d1bd.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/1149-753137611c630c47.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/7682-166065ee7fc1f639.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/6927-7c3be63e09b76eef.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/8530-1af2fa1db005c817.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/9304-c2bf7535ca45f6cf.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/1899-7594e2b8b7adf7aa.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/pages/%5BregionSlug%5D/%5BpatchSlug%5D/%5BarticleSlug%5D-dce78250c3916be5.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/oyymbOv6qt-jCaJFsNwAJ/_buildManifest.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/oyymbOv6qt-jCaJFsNwAJ/_ssgManifest.js" defer=""></script><style data-href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Roboto:ital,wght@0,400;0,500;1,400;1,500&display=swap">@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-stretch:normal;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v47/KFOKCnqEu92Fr1Mu53ZEC9_Vu3r1gIhOszmOClHrs6ljXfMMLoHQiAw.woff) format('woff')}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:500;font-stretch:normal;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v47/KFOKCnqEu92Fr1Mu53ZEC9_Vu3r1gIhOszmOClHrs6ljXfMMLrPQiAw.woff) format('woff')}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-stretch:normal;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v47/KFOMCnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMQXC89YmC2DPNWubEbWmQ.woff) format('woff')}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;font-stretch:normal;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v47/KFOMCnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMQXC89YmC2DPNWub2bWmQ.woff) format('woff')}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v47/KFO5CnqEu92Fr1Mu53ZEC9_Vu3r1gIhOszmkC3kaSTbQWt4N.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0460-052F,U+1C80-1C8A,U+20B4,U+2DE0-2DFF,U+A640-A69F,U+FE2E-FE2F}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v47/KFO5CnqEu92Fr1Mu53ZEC9_Vu3r1gIhOszmkAnkaSTbQWt4N.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0301,U+0400-045F,U+0490-0491,U+04B0-04B1,U+2116}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v47/KFO5CnqEu92Fr1Mu53ZEC9_Vu3r1gIhOszmkCnkaSTbQWt4N.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+1F00-1FFF}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v47/KFO5CnqEu92Fr1Mu53ZEC9_Vu3r1gIhOszmkBXkaSTbQWt4N.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0370-0377,U+037A-037F,U+0384-038A,U+038C,U+038E-03A1,U+03A3-03FF}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v47/KFO5CnqEu92Fr1Mu53ZEC9_Vu3r1gIhOszmkenkaSTbQWt4N.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0302-0303,U+0305,U+0307-0308,U+0310,U+0312,U+0315,U+031A,U+0326-0327,U+032C,U+032F-0330,U+0332-0333,U+0338,U+033A,U+0346,U+034D,U+0391-03A1,U+03A3-03A9,U+03B1-03C9,U+03D1,U+03D5-03D6,U+03F0-03F1,U+03F4-03F5,U+2016-2017,U+2034-2038,U+203C,U+2040,U+2043,U+2047,U+2050,U+2057,U+205F,U+2070-2071,U+2074-208E,U+2090-209C,U+20D0-20DC,U+20E1,U+20E5-20EF,U+2100-2112,U+2114-2115,U+2117-2121,U+2123-214F,U+2190,U+2192,U+2194-21AE,U+21B0-21E5,U+21F1-21F2,U+21F4-2211,U+2213-2214,U+2216-22FF,U+2308-230B,U+2310,U+2319,U+231C-2321,U+2336-237A,U+237C,U+2395,U+239B-23B7,U+23D0,U+23DC-23E1,U+2474-2475,U+25AF,U+25B3,U+25B7,U+25BD,U+25C1,U+25CA,U+25CC,U+25FB,U+266D-266F,U+27C0-27FF,U+2900-2AFF,U+2B0E-2B11,U+2B30-2B4C,U+2BFE,U+3030,U+FF5B,U+FF5D,U+1D400-1D7FF,U+1EE00-1EEFF}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v47/KFO5CnqEu92Fr1Mu53ZEC9_Vu3r1gIhOszmkaHkaSTbQWt4N.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0001-000C,U+000E-001F,U+007F-009F,U+20DD-20E0,U+20E2-20E4,U+2150-218F,U+2190,U+2192,U+2194-2199,U+21AF,U+21E6-21F0,U+21F3,U+2218-2219,U+2299,U+22C4-22C6,U+2300-243F,U+2440-244A,U+2460-24FF,U+25A0-27BF,U+2800-28FF,U+2921-2922,U+2981,U+29BF,U+29EB,U+2B00-2BFF,U+4DC0-4DFF,U+FFF9-FFFB,U+10140-1018E,U+10190-1019C,U+101A0,U+101D0-101FD,U+102E0-102FB,U+10E60-10E7E,U+1D2C0-1D2D3,U+1D2E0-1D37F,U+1F000-1F0FF,U+1F100-1F1AD,U+1F1E6-1F1FF,U+1F30D-1F30F,U+1F315,U+1F31C,U+1F31E,U+1F320-1F32C,U+1F336,U+1F378,U+1F37D,U+1F382,U+1F393-1F39F,U+1F3A7-1F3A8,U+1F3AC-1F3AF,U+1F3C2,U+1F3C4-1F3C6,U+1F3CA-1F3CE,U+1F3D4-1F3E0,U+1F3ED,U+1F3F1-1F3F3,U+1F3F5-1F3F7,U+1F408,U+1F415,U+1F41F,U+1F426,U+1F43F,U+1F441-1F442,U+1F444,U+1F446-1F449,U+1F44C-1F44E,U+1F453,U+1F46A,U+1F47D,U+1F4A3,U+1F4B0,U+1F4B3,U+1F4B9,U+1F4BB,U+1F4BF,U+1F4C8-1F4CB,U+1F4D6,U+1F4DA,U+1F4DF,U+1F4E3-1F4E6,U+1F4EA-1F4ED,U+1F4F7,U+1F4F9-1F4FB,U+1F4FD-1F4FE,U+1F503,U+1F507-1F50B,U+1F50D,U+1F512-1F513,U+1F53E-1F54A,U+1F54F-1F5FA,U+1F610,U+1F650-1F67F,U+1F687,U+1F68D,U+1F691,U+1F694,U+1F698,U+1F6AD,U+1F6B2,U+1F6B9-1F6BA,U+1F6BC,U+1F6C6-1F6CF,U+1F6D3-1F6D7,U+1F6E0-1F6EA,U+1F6F0-1F6F3,U+1F6F7-1F6FC,U+1F700-1F7FF,U+1F800-1F80B,U+1F810-1F847,U+1F850-1F859,U+1F860-1F887,U+1F890-1F8AD,U+1F8B0-1F8BB,U+1F8C0-1F8C1,U+1F900-1F90B,U+1F93B,U+1F946,U+1F984,U+1F996,U+1F9E9,U+1FA00-1FA6F,U+1FA70-1FA7C,U+1FA80-1FA89,U+1FA8F-1FAC6,U+1FACE-1FADC,U+1FADF-1FAE9,U+1FAF0-1FAF8,U+1FB00-1FBFF}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v47/KFO5CnqEu92Fr1Mu53ZEC9_Vu3r1gIhOszmkCXkaSTbQWt4N.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+0128-0129,U+0168-0169,U+01A0-01A1,U+01AF-01B0,U+0300-0301,U+0303-0304,U+0308-0309,U+0323,U+0329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v47/KFO5CnqEu92Fr1Mu53ZEC9_Vu3r1gIhOszmkCHkaSTbQWt4N.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02BA,U+02BD-02C5,U+02C7-02CC,U+02CE-02D7,U+02DD-02FF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v47/KFO5CnqEu92Fr1Mu53ZEC9_Vu3r1gIhOszmkBnkaSTbQWg.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:500;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v47/KFO5CnqEu92Fr1Mu53ZEC9_Vu3r1gIhOszmkC3kaSTbQWt4N.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0460-052F,U+1C80-1C8A,U+20B4,U+2DE0-2DFF,U+A640-A69F,U+FE2E-FE2F}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:500;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v47/KFO5CnqEu92Fr1Mu53ZEC9_Vu3r1gIhOszmkAnkaSTbQWt4N.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0301,U+0400-045F,U+0490-0491,U+04B0-04B1,U+2116}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:500;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v47/KFO5CnqEu92Fr1Mu53ZEC9_Vu3r1gIhOszmkCnkaSTbQWt4N.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+1F00-1FFF}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:500;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v47/KFO5CnqEu92Fr1Mu53ZEC9_Vu3r1gIhOszmkBXkaSTbQWt4N.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0370-0377,U+037A-037F,U+0384-038A,U+038C,U+038E-03A1,U+03A3-03FF}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:500;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v47/KFO5CnqEu92Fr1Mu53ZEC9_Vu3r1gIhOszmkenkaSTbQWt4N.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0302-0303,U+0305,U+0307-0308,U+0310,U+0312,U+0315,U+031A,U+0326-0327,U+032C,U+032F-0330,U+0332-0333,U+0338,U+033A,U+0346,U+034D,U+0391-03A1,U+03A3-03A9,U+03B1-03C9,U+03D1,U+03D5-03D6,U+03F0-03F1,U+03F4-03F5,U+2016-2017,U+2034-2038,U+203C,U+2040,U+2043,U+2047,U+2050,U+2057,U+205F,U+2070-2071,U+2074-208E,U+2090-209C,U+20D0-20DC,U+20E1,U+20E5-20EF,U+2100-2112,U+2114-2115,U+2117-2121,U+2123-214F,U+2190,U+2192,U+2194-21AE,U+21B0-21E5,U+21F1-21F2,U+21F4-2211,U+2213-2214,U+2216-22FF,U+2308-230B,U+2310,U+2319,U+231C-2321,U+2336-237A,U+237C,U+2395,U+239B-23B7,U+23D0,U+23DC-23E1,U+2474-2475,U+25AF,U+25B3,U+25B7,U+25BD,U+25C1,U+25CA,U+25CC,U+25FB,U+266D-266F,U+27C0-27FF,U+2900-2AFF,U+2B0E-2B11,U+2B30-2B4C,U+2BFE,U+3030,U+FF5B,U+FF5D,U+1D400-1D7FF,U+1EE00-1EEFF}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:500;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v47/KFO5CnqEu92Fr1Mu53ZEC9_Vu3r1gIhOszmkaHkaSTbQWt4N.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0001-000C,U+000E-001F,U+007F-009F,U+20DD-20E0,U+20E2-20E4,U+2150-218F,U+2190,U+2192,U+2194-2199,U+21AF,U+21E6-21F0,U+21F3,U+2218-2219,U+2299,U+22C4-22C6,U+2300-243F,U+2440-244A,U+2460-24FF,U+25A0-27BF,U+2800-28FF,U+2921-2922,U+2981,U+29BF,U+29EB,U+2B00-2BFF,U+4DC0-4DFF,U+FFF9-FFFB,U+10140-1018E,U+10190-1019C,U+101A0,U+101D0-101FD,U+102E0-102FB,U+10E60-10E7E,U+1D2C0-1D2D3,U+1D2E0-1D37F,U+1F000-1F0FF,U+1F100-1F1AD,U+1F1E6-1F1FF,U+1F30D-1F30F,U+1F315,U+1F31C,U+1F31E,U+1F320-1F32C,U+1F336,U+1F378,U+1F37D,U+1F382,U+1F393-1F39F,U+1F3A7-1F3A8,U+1F3AC-1F3AF,U+1F3C2,U+1F3C4-1F3C6,U+1F3CA-1F3CE,U+1F3D4-1F3E0,U+1F3ED,U+1F3F1-1F3F3,U+1F3F5-1F3F7,U+1F408,U+1F415,U+1F41F,U+1F426,U+1F43F,U+1F441-1F442,U+1F444,U+1F446-1F449,U+1F44C-1F44E,U+1F453,U+1F46A,U+1F47D,U+1F4A3,U+1F4B0,U+1F4B3,U+1F4B9,U+1F4BB,U+1F4BF,U+1F4C8-1F4CB,U+1F4D6,U+1F4DA,U+1F4DF,U+1F4E3-1F4E6,U+1F4EA-1F4ED,U+1F4F7,U+1F4F9-1F4FB,U+1F4FD-1F4FE,U+1F503,U+1F507-1F50B,U+1F50D,U+1F512-1F513,U+1F53E-1F54A,U+1F54F-1F5FA,U+1F610,U+1F650-1F67F,U+1F687,U+1F68D,U+1F691,U+1F694,U+1F698,U+1F6AD,U+1F6B2,U+1F6B9-1F6BA,U+1F6BC,U+1F6C6-1F6CF,U+1F6D3-1F6D7,U+1F6E0-1F6EA,U+1F6F0-1F6F3,U+1F6F7-1F6FC,U+1F700-1F7FF,U+1F800-1F80B,U+1F810-1F847,U+1F850-1F859,U+1F860-1F887,U+1F890-1F8AD,U+1F8B0-1F8BB,U+1F8C0-1F8C1,U+1F900-1F90B,U+1F93B,U+1F946,U+1F984,U+1F996,U+1F9E9,U+1FA00-1FA6F,U+1FA70-1FA7C,U+1FA80-1FA89,U+1FA8F-1FAC6,U+1FACE-1FADC,U+1FADF-1FAE9,U+1FAF0-1FAF8,U+1FB00-1FBFF}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:500;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v47/KFO5CnqEu92Fr1Mu53ZEC9_Vu3r1gIhOszmkCXkaSTbQWt4N.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+0128-0129,U+0168-0169,U+01A0-01A1,U+01AF-01B0,U+0300-0301,U+0303-0304,U+0308-0309,U+0323,U+0329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:500;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v47/KFO5CnqEu92Fr1Mu53ZEC9_Vu3r1gIhOszmkCHkaSTbQWt4N.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02BA,U+02BD-02C5,U+02C7-02CC,U+02CE-02D7,U+02DD-02FF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:500;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v47/KFO5CnqEu92Fr1Mu53ZEC9_Vu3r1gIhOszmkBnkaSTbQWg.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v47/KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMa3GUBHMdazTgWw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0460-052F,U+1C80-1C8A,U+20B4,U+2DE0-2DFF,U+A640-A69F,U+FE2E-FE2F}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v47/KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMa3iUBHMdazTgWw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0301,U+0400-045F,U+0490-0491,U+04B0-04B1,U+2116}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v47/KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMa3CUBHMdazTgWw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+1F00-1FFF}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v47/KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMa3-UBHMdazTgWw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0370-0377,U+037A-037F,U+0384-038A,U+038C,U+038E-03A1,U+03A3-03FF}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v47/KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMawCUBHMdazTgWw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0302-0303,U+0305,U+0307-0308,U+0310,U+0312,U+0315,U+031A,U+0326-0327,U+032C,U+032F-0330,U+0332-0333,U+0338,U+033A,U+0346,U+034D,U+0391-03A1,U+03A3-03A9,U+03B1-03C9,U+03D1,U+03D5-03D6,U+03F0-03F1,U+03F4-03F5,U+2016-2017,U+2034-2038,U+203C,U+2040,U+2043,U+2047,U+2050,U+2057,U+205F,U+2070-2071,U+2074-208E,U+2090-209C,U+20D0-20DC,U+20E1,U+20E5-20EF,U+2100-2112,U+2114-2115,U+2117-2121,U+2123-214F,U+2190,U+2192,U+2194-21AE,U+21B0-21E5,U+21F1-21F2,U+21F4-2211,U+2213-2214,U+2216-22FF,U+2308-230B,U+2310,U+2319,U+231C-2321,U+2336-237A,U+237C,U+2395,U+239B-23B7,U+23D0,U+23DC-23E1,U+2474-2475,U+25AF,U+25B3,U+25B7,U+25BD,U+25C1,U+25CA,U+25CC,U+25FB,U+266D-266F,U+27C0-27FF,U+2900-2AFF,U+2B0E-2B11,U+2B30-2B4C,U+2BFE,U+3030,U+FF5B,U+FF5D,U+1D400-1D7FF,U+1EE00-1EEFF}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v47/KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMaxKUBHMdazTgWw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0001-000C,U+000E-001F,U+007F-009F,U+20DD-20E0,U+20E2-20E4,U+2150-218F,U+2190,U+2192,U+2194-2199,U+21AF,U+21E6-21F0,U+21F3,U+2218-2219,U+2299,U+22C4-22C6,U+2300-243F,U+2440-244A,U+2460-24FF,U+25A0-27BF,U+2800-28FF,U+2921-2922,U+2981,U+29BF,U+29EB,U+2B00-2BFF,U+4DC0-4DFF,U+FFF9-FFFB,U+10140-1018E,U+10190-1019C,U+101A0,U+101D0-101FD,U+102E0-102FB,U+10E60-10E7E,U+1D2C0-1D2D3,U+1D2E0-1D37F,U+1F000-1F0FF,U+1F100-1F1AD,U+1F1E6-1F1FF,U+1F30D-1F30F,U+1F315,U+1F31C,U+1F31E,U+1F320-1F32C,U+1F336,U+1F378,U+1F37D,U+1F382,U+1F393-1F39F,U+1F3A7-1F3A8,U+1F3AC-1F3AF,U+1F3C2,U+1F3C4-1F3C6,U+1F3CA-1F3CE,U+1F3D4-1F3E0,U+1F3ED,U+1F3F1-1F3F3,U+1F3F5-1F3F7,U+1F408,U+1F415,U+1F41F,U+1F426,U+1F43F,U+1F441-1F442,U+1F444,U+1F446-1F449,U+1F44C-1F44E,U+1F453,U+1F46A,U+1F47D,U+1F4A3,U+1F4B0,U+1F4B3,U+1F4B9,U+1F4BB,U+1F4BF,U+1F4C8-1F4CB,U+1F4D6,U+1F4DA,U+1F4DF,U+1F4E3-1F4E6,U+1F4EA-1F4ED,U+1F4F7,U+1F4F9-1F4FB,U+1F4FD-1F4FE,U+1F503,U+1F507-1F50B,U+1F50D,U+1F512-1F513,U+1F53E-1F54A,U+1F54F-1F5FA,U+1F610,U+1F650-1F67F,U+1F687,U+1F68D,U+1F691,U+1F694,U+1F698,U+1F6AD,U+1F6B2,U+1F6B9-1F6BA,U+1F6BC,U+1F6C6-1F6CF,U+1F6D3-1F6D7,U+1F6E0-1F6EA,U+1F6F0-1F6F3,U+1F6F7-1F6FC,U+1F700-1F7FF,U+1F800-1F80B,U+1F810-1F847,U+1F850-1F859,U+1F860-1F887,U+1F890-1F8AD,U+1F8B0-1F8BB,U+1F8C0-1F8C1,U+1F900-1F90B,U+1F93B,U+1F946,U+1F984,U+1F996,U+1F9E9,U+1FA00-1FA6F,U+1FA70-1FA7C,U+1FA80-1FA89,U+1FA8F-1FAC6,U+1FACE-1FADC,U+1FADF-1FAE9,U+1FAF0-1FAF8,U+1FB00-1FBFF}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v47/KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMa3OUBHMdazTgWw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+0128-0129,U+0168-0169,U+01A0-01A1,U+01AF-01B0,U+0300-0301,U+0303-0304,U+0308-0309,U+0323,U+0329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v47/KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMa3KUBHMdazTgWw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02BA,U+02BD-02C5,U+02C7-02CC,U+02CE-02D7,U+02DD-02FF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v47/KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMa3yUBHMdazQ.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v47/KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMa3GUBHMdazTgWw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0460-052F,U+1C80-1C8A,U+20B4,U+2DE0-2DFF,U+A640-A69F,U+FE2E-FE2F}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v47/KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMa3iUBHMdazTgWw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0301,U+0400-045F,U+0490-0491,U+04B0-04B1,U+2116}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v47/KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMa3CUBHMdazTgWw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+1F00-1FFF}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v47/KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMa3-UBHMdazTgWw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0370-0377,U+037A-037F,U+0384-038A,U+038C,U+038E-03A1,U+03A3-03FF}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v47/KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMawCUBHMdazTgWw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0302-0303,U+0305,U+0307-0308,U+0310,U+0312,U+0315,U+031A,U+0326-0327,U+032C,U+032F-0330,U+0332-0333,U+0338,U+033A,U+0346,U+034D,U+0391-03A1,U+03A3-03A9,U+03B1-03C9,U+03D1,U+03D5-03D6,U+03F0-03F1,U+03F4-03F5,U+2016-2017,U+2034-2038,U+203C,U+2040,U+2043,U+2047,U+2050,U+2057,U+205F,U+2070-2071,U+2074-208E,U+2090-209C,U+20D0-20DC,U+20E1,U+20E5-20EF,U+2100-2112,U+2114-2115,U+2117-2121,U+2123-214F,U+2190,U+2192,U+2194-21AE,U+21B0-21E5,U+21F1-21F2,U+21F4-2211,U+2213-2214,U+2216-22FF,U+2308-230B,U+2310,U+2319,U+231C-2321,U+2336-237A,U+237C,U+2395,U+239B-23B7,U+23D0,U+23DC-23E1,U+2474-2475,U+25AF,U+25B3,U+25B7,U+25BD,U+25C1,U+25CA,U+25CC,U+25FB,U+266D-266F,U+27C0-27FF,U+2900-2AFF,U+2B0E-2B11,U+2B30-2B4C,U+2BFE,U+3030,U+FF5B,U+FF5D,U+1D400-1D7FF,U+1EE00-1EEFF}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v47/KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMaxKUBHMdazTgWw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0001-000C,U+000E-001F,U+007F-009F,U+20DD-20E0,U+20E2-20E4,U+2150-218F,U+2190,U+2192,U+2194-2199,U+21AF,U+21E6-21F0,U+21F3,U+2218-2219,U+2299,U+22C4-22C6,U+2300-243F,U+2440-244A,U+2460-24FF,U+25A0-27BF,U+2800-28FF,U+2921-2922,U+2981,U+29BF,U+29EB,U+2B00-2BFF,U+4DC0-4DFF,U+FFF9-FFFB,U+10140-1018E,U+10190-1019C,U+101A0,U+101D0-101FD,U+102E0-102FB,U+10E60-10E7E,U+1D2C0-1D2D3,U+1D2E0-1D37F,U+1F000-1F0FF,U+1F100-1F1AD,U+1F1E6-1F1FF,U+1F30D-1F30F,U+1F315,U+1F31C,U+1F31E,U+1F320-1F32C,U+1F336,U+1F378,U+1F37D,U+1F382,U+1F393-1F39F,U+1F3A7-1F3A8,U+1F3AC-1F3AF,U+1F3C2,U+1F3C4-1F3C6,U+1F3CA-1F3CE,U+1F3D4-1F3E0,U+1F3ED,U+1F3F1-1F3F3,U+1F3F5-1F3F7,U+1F408,U+1F415,U+1F41F,U+1F426,U+1F43F,U+1F441-1F442,U+1F444,U+1F446-1F449,U+1F44C-1F44E,U+1F453,U+1F46A,U+1F47D,U+1F4A3,U+1F4B0,U+1F4B3,U+1F4B9,U+1F4BB,U+1F4BF,U+1F4C8-1F4CB,U+1F4D6,U+1F4DA,U+1F4DF,U+1F4E3-1F4E6,U+1F4EA-1F4ED,U+1F4F7,U+1F4F9-1F4FB,U+1F4FD-1F4FE,U+1F503,U+1F507-1F50B,U+1F50D,U+1F512-1F513,U+1F53E-1F54A,U+1F54F-1F5FA,U+1F610,U+1F650-1F67F,U+1F687,U+1F68D,U+1F691,U+1F694,U+1F698,U+1F6AD,U+1F6B2,U+1F6B9-1F6BA,U+1F6BC,U+1F6C6-1F6CF,U+1F6D3-1F6D7,U+1F6E0-1F6EA,U+1F6F0-1F6F3,U+1F6F7-1F6FC,U+1F700-1F7FF,U+1F800-1F80B,U+1F810-1F847,U+1F850-1F859,U+1F860-1F887,U+1F890-1F8AD,U+1F8B0-1F8BB,U+1F8C0-1F8C1,U+1F900-1F90B,U+1F93B,U+1F946,U+1F984,U+1F996,U+1F9E9,U+1FA00-1FA6F,U+1FA70-1FA7C,U+1FA80-1FA89,U+1FA8F-1FAC6,U+1FACE-1FADC,U+1FADF-1FAE9,U+1FAF0-1FAF8,U+1FB00-1FBFF}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v47/KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMa3OUBHMdazTgWw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+0128-0129,U+0168-0169,U+01A0-01A1,U+01AF-01B0,U+0300-0301,U+0303-0304,U+0308-0309,U+0323,U+0329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v47/KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMa3KUBHMdazTgWw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02BA,U+02BD-02C5,U+02C7-02CC,U+02CE-02D7,U+02DD-02FF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v47/KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMa3yUBHMdazQ.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}</style></head><body class="page"><div id="__next" data-reactroot=""><div class="notifications-component "><div class="notification-container--top-full"></div><div class="notification-container--bottom-full"></div><div class="notification-container--top-left"></div><div class="notification-container--top-right"></div><div class="notification-container--bottom-left"></div><div class="notification-container--bottom-right"></div><div class="notification-container--top-center"></div><div class="notification-container--center"><div class="flex-center"></div></div><div class="notification-container--bottom-center"></div></div><a href="#main" class="styles_SkipToMainContentLink__I1lKT">Skip to main content</a><div class="js-ad sticky-leaderboard-ad"><div id="client_ad_dfp_lb" class="ad ad--leaderboard ad--styled-margin ad--preview"></div></div><header class="header"><nav class="nav"><div class="nav__item nav__hamburger-btn"><button aria-label="Toggle navigation" class="hamburger" type="button"><span class="hamburger__item"><span class="hamburger__line"></span></span></button></div><div class="nav__item nav__patch-logo"><a href="/" class="nav__logo-link"><img alt="Patch News" class="nav__logo" src="https://cdn.patchcdn.com/assets/layout/icons/logo/logo.svg" title="Patch News"/></a><div class="nav__search-field"><div class="autocomplete autocomplete--small" role="search"><label class="text-field text-field--is-outlined"><div class="text-field__prepend"><style data-emotion="css 1bvgy92">.css-1bvgy92{-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;width:1em;height:1em;display:inline-block;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;fill:currentColor;font-size:1.25rem;color:#00000099;display:block;}</style><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeSmall css-1bvgy92" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="LocationOnOutlinedIcon"><path d="M12 2C8.13 2 5 5.13 5 9c0 5.25 7 13 7 13s7-7.75 7-13c0-3.87-3.13-7-7-7M7 9c0-2.76 2.24-5 5-5s5 2.24 5 5c0 2.88-2.88 7.19-5 9.88C9.92 16.21 7 11.85 7 9"></path><circle cx="12" cy="9" r="2.5"></circle></svg></div><input type="text" aria-label="Find a community on Patch by entering a town name or ZIP code" autoComplete="off" class="text-field__input" name="community" placeholder="Your town or ZIP code" value=""/></label></div></div></div><div class="nav__item nav__auth-menu"></div><div class="nav__item nav__patch-title-container"><a title="Patch" href="/us/across-america" class="nav__patch-title">Across America</a><button class="btn btn--small btn--primary btn--follow" type="button"><i class="fa icon icon--space-right-sm fa-envelope"></i>Subscribe</button></div></nav><nav class="secondary-nav secondary-nav--is-displayed"><ul class="secondary-nav__list"><li class="secondary-nav__list-item secondary-nav__list-item--mobile-only"><div class="secondary-nav__list-row secondary-nav__list-row--space-around"><div class="autocomplete" role="search"><label class="text-field text-field--is-outlined"><div class="text-field__prepend"><style data-emotion="css 1bvgy92">.css-1bvgy92{-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;width:1em;height:1em;display:inline-block;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;fill:currentColor;font-size:1.25rem;color:#00000099;display:block;}</style><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeSmall css-1bvgy92" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="LocationOnOutlinedIcon"><path d="M12 2C8.13 2 5 5.13 5 9c0 5.25 7 13 7 13s7-7.75 7-13c0-3.87-3.13-7-7-7M7 9c0-2.76 2.24-5 5-5s5 2.24 5 5c0 2.88-2.88 7.19-5 9.88C9.92 16.21 7 11.85 7 9"></path><circle cx="12" cy="9" r="2.5"></circle></svg></div><input type="search" aria-label="Find a community on Patch by entering a town name or ZIP code" autoComplete="off" class="text-field__input" name="community" placeholder="Your town or ZIP code" value=""/></label></div></div></li><li class="secondary-nav__list-item secondary-nav__list-item--mobile-only"><a href="/us/across-america/compose" rel="nofollow" class="secondary-nav__link secondary-nav__link--primary">Post</a></li><li class="secondary-nav__list-item secondary-nav__list-item--mobile-only"><a href="/us/across-america/advertise-with-us" class="secondary-nav__link secondary-nav__link--primary">Advertise</a></li><li class="secondary-nav__list-item"><button class="secondary-nav__menu-toggle" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" id="js-secondary-nav-news-toggle">National News<i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-caret-down icon icon--space-left-sm"></i></button><ul data-column-items="7" x-placement="bottom-start" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;opacity:0;pointer-events:none" class="secondary-nav__menu"><li class="secondary-nav__menu-item"><a href="/us/across-america/around-town" class="secondary-nav__link">Community Corner</a></li><li class="secondary-nav__menu-item"><a href="/us/across-america/police-fire" class="secondary-nav__link">Crime & Safety</a></li><li class="secondary-nav__menu-item"><a href="/us/across-america/politics" class="secondary-nav__link">Politics & Government</a></li><li class="secondary-nav__menu-item"><a href="/us/across-america/schools" class="secondary-nav__link">Schools</a></li><li class="secondary-nav__menu-item"><a href="/us/across-america/traffic-transit" class="secondary-nav__link">Traffic & Transit</a></li><li class="secondary-nav__menu-item"><a href="/us/across-america/obituaries" class="secondary-nav__link">Obituaries</a></li><li class="secondary-nav__menu-item"><a href="/us/across-america/personal-finance" class="secondary-nav__link">Personal Finance</a></li><li class="secondary-nav__menu-item"><a href="/us/across-america/best-of" class="secondary-nav__link">Best Of</a></li><li class="secondary-nav__menu-item"><a href="/us/across-america/arts-entertainment" class="secondary-nav__link">Arts & Entertainment</a></li><li class="secondary-nav__menu-item"><a href="/us/across-america/business" class="secondary-nav__link">Business & Tech</a></li><li class="secondary-nav__menu-item"><a href="/us/across-america/lifestyle" class="secondary-nav__link">Health & Wellness</a></li><li class="secondary-nav__menu-item"><a href="/us/across-america/going-green" class="secondary-nav__link">Home & Garden</a></li><li class="secondary-nav__menu-item"><a href="/us/across-america/sports" class="secondary-nav__link">Sports</a></li><li class="secondary-nav__menu-item"><a href="/us/across-america/travel" class="secondary-nav__link">Travel</a></li><li class="secondary-nav__menu-item"><a href="/us/across-america/kids-family" class="secondary-nav__link">Kids & Family</a></li><li class="secondary-nav__menu-item"><a href="/us/across-america/pets" class="secondary-nav__link">Pets</a></li><li class="secondary-nav__menu-item"><a href="/us/across-america/restaurants-bars" class="secondary-nav__link">Restaurants & Bars</a></li></ul></li><li class="secondary-nav__list-item secondary-nav__list-item--mobile-only"><a href="/map" class="secondary-nav__link">See all communities</a></li><li class="secondary-nav__list-item secondary-nav__list-item--desktop-only"><a title="Advertise" href="/us/across-america/advertise-with-us" class="secondary-nav__link">Advertise</a></li></ul></nav></header><div class="fyp-helper__wrapper fyp-helper--closed"><div class="fyp-helper"><section class=""><h3 class="fyp-helper__header">State Edition</h3><ul class="list--unstyled"><li class="list-item__lg list-item--columned"><a href="/us/across-america" class="list-item__link list-item__link--xs"><i class="fa fa-map-marker-alt fa-fw fyp-icon"></i>US</a></li></ul><h3 class="fyp-helper__header">National Edition</h3><ul class="list--unstyled"><li class="list-item__lg list-item--columned"><a href="/us/across-america" class="list-item__link list-item__link--xs"><i class="fa fa-star fa-fw fyp-icon"></i>Top National News</a></li><li class="list-item__lg list-item--columned"><a href="/map" class="list-item__link list-item__link--xs"><i class="fa fa-star fa-fw fyp-icon"></i>See All Communities</a></li></ul></section></div></div><div id="interstitial" class="ad ad--styled-margin"></div><div id="client_ad_dfp_mobile_lb" class="ad ad--styled-margin ad--preview ad--mobile-adhesion"></div><section class="page__content"><main id="main" role="main" class="page__main"><section class="styles_Section__qMdG9"><article class="styles_Section__card__4Uoov"><div class="styles_CardDetail__Header__GQxrS"><h6><a href="/us/across-america/pets" class="Label_CardDetail__topicLabel__Pdhoj Link_Link__pj9SR">Pets</a></h6><h1 class="Title_CardDetail__Title__gl_p8">United In Sound</h1><h2 class="styles_CardDetail__Description__KnSxe">When dogs bark, are they using words to communicate?</h2><div class="styles_BylineSection__GMjy9"><div class="styles_BylineSummary__AvatarContainer__X63OE"><div class="styles_BylineSummary__Avatar__LGydx" style="z-index:10"><img alt="The Conversation's profile picture" class="avatar-img avatar-img--base is-lazy-loaded" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mP8/x8AAwMCAO+ip1sAAAAASUVORK5CYII="/><noscript><img alt="The Conversation's profile picture" class="avatar-img avatar-img--base" src="https://patch.com/img/cdn20/users/22908971/profile_pics/styles/t300x300/public/article_images/theconversation-1480706048-2590.jpg?width=64"/></noscript></div></div><h6 class="styles_BylineSection__bylines__C2clA"><div class="styles_BylineSummary__1Gl_U"><a href="/users/conversation" class="styles_BylineSummary__Link__5UiLW"><strong>The Conversation</strong>, </a><span>News Partner</span></div></h6></div><div class="styles_Dateline__Yahhb"><time dateTime="2021-02-09T22:38:04Z">Posted <!-- -->Tue, Feb 9, 2021 at 5:38 pm ET</time></div><div class="Row_CardDetail__Row__BYg88"></div></div><div class="styles_FeaturedMedia__rAu_E"><figure><style data-emotion="css 79elbk">.css-79elbk{position:relative;}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-79elbk"><img alt="‘Hey everybody, there’s big news happening over here!’ " class="styles_CardDetail__FeaturedImage__MlywD" src="https://patch.com/img/cdn20/shutterstock/22908971/20210209/053803/styles/patch_image/public/shutterstock-652155388___09173655667.jpg" srcSet="https://patch.com/img/cdn20/shutterstock/22908971/20210209/053803/styles/patch_image/public/shutterstock-652155388___09173655667.jpg?width=640 640w, https://patch.com/img/cdn20/shutterstock/22908971/20210209/053803/styles/patch_image/public/shutterstock-652155388___09173655667.jpg?width=1200 1200w" sizes="(min-width: 780px) 726px, 100vw" width="700" height="525"/></div><figcaption class="styles_CardDetail__FeaturedImageCaption__Ym_J8">‘Hey everybody, there’s big news happening over here!’ <!-- -->(Image via Shutterstock)</figcaption></figure></div><div class="styles_HTMLContent__LDG2k"><p><strong>By Clive Wynne, <a href="https://theconversation.com/when-dogs-bark-are-they-using-words-to-communicate-153345" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">The Conversation</a></strong></p></div><div class="js-ad ContentBlocks_CardDetail__AdBlock__GpVT1"><div id="client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_1" class="ad ad--styled-margin ad--preview ad--mobile"></div></div><div class="styles_HTMLContent__LDG2k"><p><strong>February 8, 2021 </strong></p> <p><img alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" data-src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/153345/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-advanced" data-sizes data-srcset /> <em><a href="https://theconversation.com/us/topics/curious-kids-us-74795" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Curious Kids</a> is a series for children of all ages. If you have a question you’d like an expert to answer, send it to <a href="https://theconversation.commailto:curiouskidsus@theconversation.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CuriousKidsUS@theconversation.com</a>.</em></p></div><div class="ContentBlocks_CardDetail__SubscribeBlock__4zBcQ ContentBlocks_CardDetail__SubscribeBlock--mobile__18tT_"><section class="styles_SubscribeForm__0dj5n"><h2 class="styles_SubscribeForm__title__F_olP">Find out what's happening in Across America<span class="styles_SubscribeForm__title--nextLine__FTO3K">for free with the latest updates from Patch.</span></h2><div class="styles_SubscribeForm__body__3Usxf"><form class="styles_Card__Form__XLoCT"><div class="styles_Card__FormInner__EMDdU"><input type="email" value="" class="styles_SubscribeForm__input__3JKNM" aria-label="Enter your email address" autoComplete="email" placeholder="Your email address" required=""/><button class="styles_SubscribeForm__submit__Tl0Kv" type="submit">Subscribe<i class="fa fa-spinner icon icon--space-left spin styles_SubscribeForm__spinner__1dpYf"></i></button></div></form></div></section></div><div class="js-ad ContentBlocks_CardDetail__AdBlock__GpVT1 ContentBlocks_CardDetail__AdBlock--native__M_lBb ContentBlocks_CardDetail__AdBlock--desktop__70SV6"><div id="artcl_1" class="ad ad--native ad--styled-margin"></div></div><div class="styles_HTMLContent__LDG2k"><hr /> <blockquote><strong>When dogs bark, do they have words? – Sarah W., age 9, Clinton, New York</strong></blockquote> <hr /> <p>Does your dog bark a lot? Or is he one of those quiet pooches who barks only when things get really exciting? Most dogs bark at least a little. </p> <p>Dog barks are not words. But although your dog will never tell you about his parents or the weather or the amazing bone he had yesterday, his barks still communicate important information.</p></div><div class="js-ad ContentBlocks_CardDetail__AdBlock__GpVT1"><div id="client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_2" class="ad ad--styled-margin ad--preview ad--mobile"></div></div><div class="ContentBlocks_CardDetail__SubscribeBlock__4zBcQ ContentBlocks_CardDetail__SubscribeBlock--desktop__oN6vv"><section class="styles_SubscribeForm__0dj5n"><h2 class="styles_SubscribeForm__title__F_olP">Find out what's happening in Across America<span class="styles_SubscribeForm__title--nextLine__FTO3K">for free with the latest updates from Patch.</span></h2><div class="styles_SubscribeForm__body__3Usxf"><form class="styles_Card__Form__XLoCT"><div class="styles_Card__FormInner__EMDdU"><input type="email" value="" class="styles_SubscribeForm__input__3JKNM" aria-label="Enter your email address" autoComplete="email" placeholder="Your email address" required=""/><button class="styles_SubscribeForm__submit__Tl0Kv" type="submit">Subscribe<i class="fa fa-spinner icon icon--space-left spin styles_SubscribeForm__spinner__1dpYf"></i></button></div></form></div></section></div><div class="styles_HTMLContent__LDG2k"><p>Dog barks are much closer to the noises people make when they accidentally hit their thumb with a hammer – “Ow!” – or open a fantastic present – “Wow!” These sounds convey how someone feels, but not why they feel that way. When other people hear these kinds of sounds, they often come over to see what has happened: How did you hurt yourself? What is this wonderful gift you received?</p> <p>All dogs, even the tiniest chihuahua, are <a href="https://www.sleddogsocietyofwales.co.uk/evolution-of-dogs.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">descended from great grey wolves</a>. <a href="https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/lifestyle/dog-sounds-meaning/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Wolves almost never bark</a>. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BCPlnvVkZ-I" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">They howl</a>. Sometimes <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lfux0vEcsjM" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">dogs howl too</a> – but <a href="https://www.thelabradorsite.com/do-wolves-bark/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">howling is rarer in dogs</a>. Understanding why wolves howl and dogs bark helps explain what barking is for.</p></div><div class="js-ad ContentBlocks_CardDetail__AdBlock__GpVT1"><div id="client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_3" class="ad ad--styled-margin ad--preview ad--mobile"></div></div><div class="styles_HTMLContent__LDG2k"><p>A howl can be a beautiful sound – almost like a kind of music. And, just as group singing brings people together, so too does <a href="https://animalogic.ca/blog/wolf-pups-practice-pack-behavior-by-howling-together" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">group howling help a pack of wolves feel united</a>. </p> <p>Dog barking also brings groups together – but it’s not a beautiful sound. It is a much more urgent noise, just like the sounds you make when you are hurt or very pleased. Many smaller animals, like scrub jays, meerkats and California ground squirrels, make such noisy sounds. They do this <a href="https://www.bl.uk/the-language-of-birds/articles/alarm-and-mobbing-calls#" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">when they feel frightened by something</a>. In dogs, barking can bring a group together to defend against a danger that can’t be coped with alone. </p></div><div class="js-ad ContentBlocks_CardDetail__AdBlock__GpVT1 ContentBlocks_CardDetail__AdBlock--native__M_lBb"><div id="artcl_m1" class="ad ad--styled-margin"></div></div><div class="styles_HTMLContent__LDG2k"><p>Wolves don’t need to make sounds like this because they are big and fearsome and don’t often feel threatened. Dogs, on the other hand, are much smaller and weaker than their wolf ancestors – and often need to call the group together.</p> <p>This is why dogs bark. They are calling their group to get help with something they are not confident they can handle on their own. This doesn’t mean a barking dog is always frightened. He may just be very excited. He badly needs the family to know that there is a stranger coming to the door, or another dog coming close to the house. </p> <p>Your dog’s barks may not be words, but he probably <a href="https://drsophiayin.com/blog/entry/barking-in-dogs-noise-or-communication/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">barks a little differently</a> depending on what kind of thing has got him excited. If you listen closely, you may find you can tell the difference between a bark directed at a package deliverer and one directed toward a friend at the door. The bark to a passing dog may be different than the bark at a passing car. </p> <p>Your dog doesn’t understand much of what you say, but he listens hard to <a href="https://thebark.com/content/do-dogs-understand-our-words" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">try to make sense of human language</a>. If you return the compliment and listen hard to his sounds, you may find you can also understand him better, and the two of you will have a richer life together.</p> <hr /> <p><em>Hello, curious kids! Do you have a question you’d like an expert to answer? Ask an adult to send your question to <a href="https://theconversation.commailto:curiouskidsus@theconversation.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CuriousKidsUS@theconversation.com</a>. Please tell us your name, age and the city where you live.</em></p></div><div class="js-ad ContentBlocks_CardDetail__AdBlock__GpVT1"><div id="client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_4" class="ad ad--styled-margin ad--preview"></div></div><div class="styles_HTMLContent__LDG2k"><p><em>And since curiosity has no age limit – adults, let us know what you’re wondering, too. We won’t be able to answer every question, but we will do our best.</em></p> <hr /> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="http://theconversation.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license.</em></p></div><div class="ContentBlocks_CardDetail__ContentBlock__xN30Y"><div></div></div><div class="styles_CardDetail__Footer__6KH1g"><div class="styles_ActionBar__X7IpK"><div class="styles_ActionBar__BarLeft__tNiSc"><div class="styles_ShareDropdown__TzLvU"><button id="article_card_detail:29264967__share-toggle" class="Button_ActionBar__Button__bPA9K Button_ActionBar__Button--share__kqabD"><span class="Button_ActionBar__Icon__QkOaK"><i class="fa fa-share-all-light"></i></span><span class="Button_ActionBar__Label__INNWl" aria-label="New! Share on Nextdoor">Share</span><style data-emotion="css 148agmb">.css-148agmb{z-index:1500;pointer-events:none;pointer-events:auto;pointer-events:none;}.css-148agmb[data-popper-placement*="bottom"] .MuiTooltip-arrow{top:0;margin-top:-0.71em;}.css-148agmb[data-popper-placement*="bottom"] .MuiTooltip-arrow::before{transform-origin:0 100%;}.css-148agmb[data-popper-placement*="top"] .MuiTooltip-arrow{bottom:0;margin-bottom:-0.71em;}.css-148agmb[data-popper-placement*="top"] .MuiTooltip-arrow::before{transform-origin:100% 0;}.css-148agmb[data-popper-placement*="right"] .MuiTooltip-arrow{height:1em;width:0.71em;}.css-148agmb[data-popper-placement*="right"] .MuiTooltip-arrow::before{transform-origin:100% 100%;}.css-148agmb[data-popper-placement*="left"] .MuiTooltip-arrow{height:1em;width:0.71em;}.css-148agmb[data-popper-placement*="left"] .MuiTooltip-arrow::before{transform-origin:0 0;}.css-148agmb[data-popper-placement*="right"] .MuiTooltip-arrow{left:0;margin-left:-0.71em;}.css-148agmb[data-popper-placement*="left"] .MuiTooltip-arrow{right:0;margin-right:-0.71em;}</style><style data-emotion="css 1w0uwdk">.css-1w0uwdk{z-index:1500;pointer-events:none;pointer-events:auto;pointer-events:none;}.css-1w0uwdk[data-popper-placement*="bottom"] .MuiTooltip-arrow{top:0;margin-top:-0.71em;}.css-1w0uwdk[data-popper-placement*="bottom"] .MuiTooltip-arrow::before{transform-origin:0 100%;}.css-1w0uwdk[data-popper-placement*="top"] .MuiTooltip-arrow{bottom:0;margin-bottom:-0.71em;}.css-1w0uwdk[data-popper-placement*="top"] .MuiTooltip-arrow::before{transform-origin:100% 0;}.css-1w0uwdk[data-popper-placement*="right"] .MuiTooltip-arrow{height:1em;width:0.71em;}.css-1w0uwdk[data-popper-placement*="right"] .MuiTooltip-arrow::before{transform-origin:100% 100%;}.css-1w0uwdk[data-popper-placement*="left"] .MuiTooltip-arrow{height:1em;width:0.71em;}.css-1w0uwdk[data-popper-placement*="left"] .MuiTooltip-arrow::before{transform-origin:0 0;}.css-1w0uwdk[data-popper-placement*="right"] .MuiTooltip-arrow{left:0;margin-left:-0.71em;}.css-1w0uwdk[data-popper-placement*="left"] .MuiTooltip-arrow{right:0;margin-right:-0.71em;}</style></button></div></div><div class="styles_ActionBar__BarRight__v3SGT"><div class="styles_FlagMenu___BiEu"><div aria-label="flags" class="dropdown"><div class="dropdown-toggle" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" id="js-content-flag-menu-article-29264967"><button aria-label="flag" class="styles_Button__Button__hKDnK styles_Button__Button--flag__gGdHa" type="button"><span class="styles_Button__Icon__yYi50 styles_Button__Icon--Is-Inactive__1pTDu"><i class="fa fa-flag-fal"></i></span></button></div></div></div></div></div></div></article></section><section class="block"><div id="rc-widget-a4d18d" data-widget-host="habitat" data-disable-demand="true"></div><div class="styles_LatestArticles__Pn_c_"><section class="styles_Section__tyZ33" data-nosnippet="true"><header class="styles_Section__header__h5lbT"><h2 class="styles_Section__title__t5jg_">More from <!-- -->Across America</h2></header><article class="styles_CardCondensed__hIkr4"><div class="styles_CardCondensed__Content__3Nt_9"><section class="styles_CardCondensed__TextContentWrapper___9sXQ undefined"><div><div class="Label_CardCondensed__Label__D0mOM">Health & Fitness<span class="styles_Card__LabelDivider__wRVKo">|</span><time>1d</time></div><h2 class="styles_CardCondensed__Title__RotnV"><a title="Children Grieve, just Like Adults." href="/us/across-america/children-grieve-just-adults" class="styles_CardCondensed__TitleLink__a_1Oq">Children Grieve, just Like Adults.</a></h2></div></section><a title="Children Grieve, just Like Adults." href="/us/across-america/children-grieve-just-adults" class="styles_CardCondensed__ImageLink__8k3tW"><img alt="Children Grieve, just Like Adults." class="styles_CardCondensed__Image__nKRIj is-lazy-loaded" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mP8/x8AAwMCAO+ip1sAAAAASUVORK5CYII="/><noscript><img alt="Children Grieve, just Like Adults." class="styles_CardCondensed__Image__nKRIj" src="https://patch.com/img/cdn20/users/23858844/20250211/051738/styles/patch_image/public/children-and-grief___11171500486.jpg"/></noscript></a></div></article><article class="styles_CardCondensed__hIkr4"><div class="styles_CardCondensed__Content__3Nt_9"><section class="styles_CardCondensed__TextContentWrapper___9sXQ undefined"><div><div class="Label_CardCondensed__Label__D0mOM">Community Corner<span class="styles_Card__LabelDivider__wRVKo">|</span><time>2d</time></div><h2 class="styles_CardCondensed__Title__RotnV"><a title="Yes, We Have Rat Lungworm, But Don’t Freak Out [Weird News & Oddities]" href="/us/across-america/yes-we-have-rat-lungworm-don-t-freak-out-weird-news-oddities" class="styles_CardCondensed__TitleLink__a_1Oq">Yes, We Have Rat Lungworm, But Don’t Freak Out [Weird News & Oddities]</a></h2></div></section><a title="Yes, We Have Rat Lungworm, But Don’t Freak Out [Weird News & Oddities]" href="/us/across-america/yes-we-have-rat-lungworm-don-t-freak-out-weird-news-oddities" class="styles_CardCondensed__ImageLink__8k3tW"><img alt="Yes, We Have Rat Lungworm, But Don’t Freak Out [Weird News & Oddities]" class="styles_CardCondensed__Image__nKRIj is-lazy-loaded" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mP8/x8AAwMCAO+ip1sAAAAASUVORK5CYII="/><noscript><img alt="Yes, We Have Rat Lungworm, But Don’t Freak Out [Weird News & Oddities]" class="styles_CardCondensed__Image__nKRIj" src="https://patch.com/img/cdn20/shutterstock/790386/20250214/045923/styles/patch_image/public/shutterstock-2013486803___14165612176.jpg"/></noscript></a></div></article><article class="styles_CardCondensed__hIkr4"><div class="styles_CardCondensed__Content__3Nt_9"><section class="styles_CardCondensed__TextContentWrapper___9sXQ undefined"><div><div class="Label_CardCondensed__Label__D0mOM">Community Corner<span class="styles_Card__LabelDivider__wRVKo">|</span><time>2d</time></div><h2 class="styles_CardCondensed__Title__RotnV"><a title="$50 Picker’s Find May Be Van Gogh Worth $15M: 5 Good News Stories" href="/us/across-america/50-picker-s-find-may-be-van-gogh-worth-15m-5-good-news-stories" class="styles_CardCondensed__TitleLink__a_1Oq">$50 Picker’s Find May Be Van Gogh Worth $15M: 5 Good News Stories</a></h2></div></section><a title="$50 Picker’s Find May Be Van Gogh Worth $15M: 5 Good News Stories" href="/us/across-america/50-picker-s-find-may-be-van-gogh-worth-15m-5-good-news-stories" class="styles_CardCondensed__ImageLink__8k3tW"><img alt="$50 Picker’s Find May Be Van Gogh Worth $15M: 5 Good News Stories" class="styles_CardCondensed__Image__nKRIj is-lazy-loaded" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mP8/x8AAwMCAO+ip1sAAAAASUVORK5CYII="/><noscript><img alt="$50 Picker’s Find May Be Van Gogh Worth $15M: 5 Good News Stories" class="styles_CardCondensed__Image__nKRIj" src="https://patch.com/img/cdn20/users/790386/20250214/015056/styles/patch_image/public/ancher-2___14134233326.jpg"/></noscript></a></div></article></section></div><div id="postartcl_m1" class="ad ad--below-article ad--styled-margin ad--preview ad--mobile"></div><div id="postartcl_1" class="ad ad--below-article ad--desktop ad--styled-margin ad--preview"></div><div></div></section></main><aside class="page__side"><div class="styles_rightRail__gK_72"><div class="js-ad sticky-ad" style="margin-top:0"><div id="client_ad_dfp_slot_1" class="ad ad--desktop ad--styled-margin ad--preview"></div></div><section class="styles_FeaturedModule__ModuleLabel__gzu1O"><h4 class="styles_FeaturedModule__Title__LaRng">Trending Now Across Patch</h4></section><section class="styles_Wrapper__0Osz5" data-nosnippet="true"><ol class="styles_List__HDQHu"><li class="styles_CardMini__PspCu"><a title="Across America, US" href="/us/across-america" class="styles_CardMini__Location__B_bcL Link_Link__pj9SR"><i class="fa fa-map-marker-alt styles_CardMini__LocationIcon__0tCoL"></i><span>Across America, US<!-- --> News</span></a><h5 class="styles_CardMini__Title__15Kxq"><a title="Yes, We Have Rat Lungworm, But Don’t Freak Out [Weird News & Oddities]" href="/us/across-america/yes-we-have-rat-lungworm-don-t-freak-out-weird-news-oddities" class="styles_CardMini__TitleLink__D8X01">Yes, We Have Rat Lungworm, But Don’t Freak Out [Weird News & Oddities]</a></h5></li><li class="styles_CardMini__PspCu"><a title="Across America, US" href="/us/across-america" class="styles_CardMini__Location__B_bcL Link_Link__pj9SR"><i class="fa fa-map-marker-alt styles_CardMini__LocationIcon__0tCoL"></i><span>Across America, US<!-- --> News</span></a><h5 class="styles_CardMini__Title__15Kxq"><a title="‘Poop Cleanup In Aisle 9’: Hard Pass On Dogs In Stores [Block Talk]" href="/us/across-america/poop-cleanup-aisle-9-hard-pass-dogs-stores-block-talk" class="styles_CardMini__TitleLink__D8X01">‘Poop Cleanup In Aisle 9’: Hard Pass On Dogs In Stores [Block Talk]</a></h5></li><li class="styles_CardMini__PspCu"><a title="Temecula, CA" href="/california/temecula" class="styles_CardMini__Location__B_bcL Link_Link__pj9SR"><i class="fa fa-map-marker-alt styles_CardMini__LocationIcon__0tCoL"></i><span>Temecula, CA<!-- --> News</span></a><h5 class="styles_CardMini__Title__15Kxq"><a title="Egg-Cellent Egg Substitutes Amid Soaring Prices: CA Bakers Talk" href="/california/temecula/egg-cellent-egg-substitutes-amid-soaring-prices-ca-bakers-talk" class="styles_CardMini__TitleLink__D8X01">Egg-Cellent Egg Substitutes Amid Soaring Prices: CA Bakers Talk</a></h5></li><li class="styles_CardMini__PspCu"><a title="Arlington, VA" href="/virginia/arlington-va" class="styles_CardMini__Location__B_bcL Link_Link__pj9SR"><i class="fa fa-map-marker-alt styles_CardMini__LocationIcon__0tCoL"></i><span>Arlington, VA<!-- --> News</span></a><h5 class="styles_CardMini__Title__15Kxq"><a title="Helicopter Crew May Have Missed Instruction Before DC Plane Crash" href="/virginia/arlington-va/helicopter-crew-may-have-missed-instruction-dc-plane-crash" class="styles_CardMini__TitleLink__D8X01">Helicopter Crew May Have Missed Instruction Before DC Plane Crash</a></h5></li><li class="styles_CardMini__PspCu"><a title="Across America, US" href="/us/across-america" class="styles_CardMini__Location__B_bcL Link_Link__pj9SR"><i class="fa fa-map-marker-alt styles_CardMini__LocationIcon__0tCoL"></i><span>Across America, US<!-- --> News</span></a><h5 class="styles_CardMini__Title__15Kxq"><a title="Write A Note To Your Younger Self For Women’s History Month [Survey]" href="/us/across-america/write-note-your-younger-self-women-s-history-month-survey" class="styles_CardMini__TitleLink__D8X01">Write A Note To Your Younger Self For Women’s History Month [Survey]</a></h5></li></ol></section><div class="js-ad sticky-ad" style="margin-top:0"><div id="client_ad_dfp_slot_2" class="ad ad--desktop ad--styled-margin ad--preview"></div></div><section class="styles_FeaturedModule__ModuleLabel__gzu1O"><h4 class="styles_FeaturedModule__Title__LaRng">Best of Across America</h4></section><section class="styles_Wrapper__0Osz5" data-nosnippet="true"><article class="styles_CardListWrapper__PmeD6"><span class="styles_CardListLocation__jJz11">Across America<!-- --> | <!-- -->Community Corner</span><h2 class="styles_CardListTitle__WOuIx"><a title="‘Poop Cleanup In Aisle 9’: Hard Pass On Dogs In Stores [Block Talk]" href="/us/across-america/poop-cleanup-aisle-9-hard-pass-dogs-stores-block-talk" class="styles_CardListTitle__Link__koyv2">‘Poop Cleanup In Aisle 9’: Hard Pass On Dogs In Stores [Block Talk]</a></h2></article><article class="styles_CardListWrapper__PmeD6"><span class="styles_CardListLocation__jJz11">Across America<!-- --> | <!-- -->Seasonal & Holidays</span><h2 class="styles_CardListTitle__WOuIx"><a title="These ‘How We Met’ Love Stories Are An Early Valentine’s Day Gift" href="/us/across-america/these-how-we-met-love-stories-are-early-valentine-s-day-gift" class="styles_CardListTitle__Link__koyv2">These ‘How We Met’ Love Stories Are An Early Valentine’s Day Gift</a></h2></article><article class="styles_CardListWrapper__PmeD6"><span class="styles_CardListLocation__jJz11">Across America<!-- --> | <!-- -->Community Corner</span><h2 class="styles_CardListTitle__WOuIx"><a title="Residential Streets Aren’t Racetracks: Slowing Speeders [Block Talk]" href="/us/across-america/residential-streets-aren-t-racetracks-slowing-speeders-block-talk" class="styles_CardListTitle__Link__koyv2">Residential Streets Aren’t Racetracks: Slowing Speeders [Block Talk]</a></h2></article><article class="styles_CardListWrapper__PmeD6"><span class="styles_CardListLocation__jJz11">Across America<!-- --> | <!-- -->Community Corner</span><h2 class="styles_CardListTitle__WOuIx"><a title="Urban Coyotes: Why We Should Value Rather Than Freak Out Over Them" href="/us/across-america/urban-coyotes-why-we-should-value-rather-freak-out-over-them" class="styles_CardListTitle__Link__koyv2">Urban Coyotes: Why We Should Value Rather Than Freak Out Over Them</a></h2></article><article class="styles_CardListWrapper__PmeD6"><span class="styles_CardListLocation__jJz11">Across America<!-- --> | <!-- -->Community Corner</span><h2 class="styles_CardListTitle__WOuIx"><a title="You Are Probably Trash If You Toss Litter Out The Window [Block Talk]" href="/us/across-america/you-are-probably-trash-if-you-toss-litter-out-window-block-talk" class="styles_CardListTitle__Link__koyv2">You Are Probably Trash If You Toss Litter Out The Window [Block Talk]</a></h2></article></section><div class="js-ad sticky-ad" style="margin-top:0"><div id="client_ad_dfp_slot_3" class="ad ad--desktop ad--styled-margin ad--preview"></div></div><div class="js-ad sticky-ad sticky-ad--full" style="margin-top:0"><div id="client_ad_dfp_slot_4" class="ad ad--desktop ad--styled-margin ad--preview"></div></div></div> </aside></section><div class="styles_Tracker__AYxw4"></div><footer class="page__footer"><div class="footer footer__section--centered"><section class="footer__section-vertical--full footer__centered footer__ring"><div><img alt="Patch app" class="is-lazy-loaded" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mP8/x8AAwMCAO+ip1sAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" height="40" width="40" title="Patch app"/><noscript><img alt="Patch app" src="https://patch.com/img/cdn/assets/layout/footer_patch_logo.png" height="40" width="40" title="Patch app"/></noscript></div><h2 class="footer__header--ring">Find out what’s happening in your<br/>community on the Patch app</h2><div><a title="Patch App iOS" href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/patch-local-news/id430049632" class=""><img alt="Apple App Store" class="is-lazy-loaded" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mP8/x8AAwMCAO+ip1sAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" height="40" width="135" title="Apple App Store"/><noscript><img alt="Apple App Store" src="https://patch.com/img/cdn/assets/layout/apple_appstore.png" height="40" width="135" title="Apple App Store"/></noscript></a><a title="Patch App Google Play" href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.patchmedia.android&hl=en_US" class=""><img alt="Google Play" class="is-lazy-loaded" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mP8/x8AAwMCAO+ip1sAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" height="40" width="135" title="Google Play"/><noscript><img alt="Google Play" src="https://patch.com/img/cdn/assets/layout/google_play.png" height="40" width="135" title="Google Play"/></noscript></a></div></section><section class="footer__section"><h3 class="footer__header">Corporate Info</h3><ul class="list--unstyled"><li class="list-item"><a title="About Patch" href="/about" class="list-item__link list-item__link--xs">About Patch</a></li><li class="list-item"><a target="_blank" title="Careers at Patch" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/patch-com" rel="nofollow noopener" class="list-item__link list-item__link--xs">Careers</a></li></ul></section><section class="footer__section"><h3 class="footer__header">Partnerships</h3><ul class="list--unstyled"><li class="list-item"><a target="_blank" title="Advertise on Patch" href="/us/across-america/advertise-with-us" rel="nofollow noopener" class="list-item__link list-item__link--xs">Advertise on Patch</a></li></ul></section><section class="footer__section"><h3 class="footer__header">Support</h3><ul class="list--unstyled"><li class="list-item"><a title="Frequently Asked Questions and How-Tos" href="/contact-us" rel="nofollow noopener" class="list-item__link list-item__link--xs">FAQs</a></li><li class="list-item"><a title="Contact Patch" href="/contact-us#contact-methods" class="list-item__link list-item__link--xs">Contact Patch</a></li><li class="list-item"><a title="Community Guidelines" href="/info/community-guidelines" class="list-item__link list-item__link--xs">Community Guidelines</a></li><li class="list-item"><a title="Posting Instructions" href="/info/posting-instructions" class="list-item__link list-item__link--xs">Posting Instructions</a></li></ul></section><div class="footer__section--full"><ul class="footer__social-list"><li><a title="Contact Patch at national@patch.com" href="mailto:national@patch.com" class="list-item__link footer__item--spacing list-item__link--xs"><span class="fa-stack fa-lg"><span class="fal fa fa-circle-fal fa-stack-2x"></span><span class="fa fa fa-envelope fa-stack-1x"></span></span></a></li><li><a target="_blank" title=" Patch On Facebook" href="https://facebook.com/57421062540" rel="nofollow noopener" class="list-item__link footer__item--spacing list-item__link--xs"><span class="fa-stack fa-lg"><span class="fal fa fa-circle-fal fa-stack-2x"></span><span class="fab fa fa-facebook-f fa-stack-1x"></span></span></a></li><li><a target="_blank" title="Follow Patch On Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/PatchTweet" rel="nofollow noopener" class="list-item__link footer__item--spacing list-item__link--xs"><span class="fa-stack fa-lg"><span class="fal fa fa-circle-fal fa-stack-2x"></span><style data-emotion="css 1jb13ur">.css-1jb13ur{-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;width:1em;height:1em;display:inline-block;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;fill:currentColor;font-size:1.5rem;position:absolute;left:0;right:0;top:0;bottom:0;margin:auto;}</style><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium css-1jb13ur" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="XIcon"><path d="M18.244 2.25h3.308l-7.227 8.26 8.502 11.24H16.17l-5.214-6.817L4.99 21.75H1.68l7.73-8.835L1.254 2.25H8.08l4.713 6.231zm-1.161 17.52h1.833L7.084 4.126H5.117z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li><a target="_blank" title="Follow Patch On LinkedIn" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/patch-com" rel="nofollow noopener" class="list-item__link footer__item--spacing list-item__link--xs"><span class="fa-stack fa-lg"><span class="fal fa fa-circle-fal fa-stack-2x"></span><span class="fa fa fa-linkedin-in fa-stack-1x"></span></span></a></li><li><a target="_blank" title="Follow Patch On Instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/patch" rel="nofollow noopener" class="list-item__link footer__item--spacing list-item__link--xs"><span class="fa-stack fa-lg"><span class="fal fa fa-circle-fal fa-stack-2x"></span><span class="fa fa fa-instagram fa-stack-1x"></span></span></a></li></ul></div><div class="footer__section--full"><a title="Patch Terms of Use" href="/terms" class="list-item__link list-item__link--no-margin footer__item--spacing list-item__link--xs">Terms of Use</a><a title="Patch Privacy Policy" href="/privacy" class="list-item__link list-item__link--no-margin footer__item--spacing list-item__link--xs">Privacy Policy</a></div><div class="footer__copyright">© <!-- -->2025<!-- --> <a title="Patch" href="/" class="list-item__link">Patch</a> <!-- -->Media. All Rights Reserved.</div><div class="footer__personalinfo"><button class="btn btn--link list-item__link ot-sdk-show-settings" id="ot-sdk-btn"> </button></div></div></footer><noscript><iframe title="googletagmanager" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5SJ8RNT&gtm_auth=Il6fAOwgZ0EGHJLGRwtJfA&gtm_preview=env-75&gtm_cookies_win=x" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript></div><script id="js-critical-inline-page-script" type="text/javascript"> window.patchAds = window.patchAds || {}; window.googletag = window.googletag || { cmd: [] }; window.pbjs = window.pbjs || { que: [] }; window.tude = window.tude || { cmd: [] }; /** Google Global Site Tag (for GA and GTM, not GAM) **/ window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; (function () { window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; let configCounter = 0; function gtmLoad() { const started = window.dataLayer.filter(function(item) { return Boolean(item['gtm.start']); }); return configCounter && started.length === configCounter; } const gtmLoadObserver = new Promise(function(resolve) { let counter = 0; if (gtmLoad()) { return resolve(); } const timer = setInterval(function () { if (gtmLoad()) { clearInterval(timer); resolve(); } else if (counter > 100) { clearInterval(timer); console.warn('GTM not loaded'); resolve(); } else { counter++; } }, 200); }); window.gtag = function() { const args = arguments; if(arguments[0] === 'config') { configCounter += 1; } if (arguments[0] === 'event') { gtmLoadObserver.then(function () { window.dataLayer.push(args); }).catch(console.error); } else { window.dataLayer.push(args); } } })(); var sendGaAnalytics = function() {(sendGaAnalytics.q=sendGaAnalytics.q||[]).push(arguments)}; /** OneTrust **/ function OptanonWrapper() { if (OnetrustActiveGroups.indexOf('C0002') !== -1) { gtag('consent', 'update', { analytics_storage: 'granted' }); } if (OnetrustActiveGroups.indexOf('C0004') !== -1) { gtag('consent', 'update', { ad_storage: 'granted' }); } } function loadUnsupportedFeatures(){var t=[];if([{feat:"IntersectionObserver",condition:function(){return!("IntersectionObserver"in window)}},{feat:"ResizeObserver",condition:function(){return!("ResizeObserver"in window)}},{feat:"NodeList.prototype.forEach",condition:function(){return!NodeList.prototype.forEach}},{feat:"String.prototype.repeat",condition:function(){return!String.prototype.repeat}}].forEach(function(e){e.condition()&&t.push(e.feat)}),!!window.MSInputMethodContext&&!!document.documentMode){var e=document.createElement("script");e.src="https://patch.com/img/cdn/assets/scripts/tz-ny-polyfill.min.js",document.head.appendChild(e)}if(t.length){var n=document.createElement("script");n.src="https://polyfill.io/v3/polyfill.min.js?features="+t.join("%2C"),document.head.appendChild(n)}}loadUnsupportedFeatures(); (function() { /** CONFIGURATION START **/ var _sf_async_config = window._sf_async_config = (window._sf_async_config || {}); _sf_async_config.uid = '12406'; _sf_async_config.domain = 'patch.com'; _sf_async_config.useCanonical = true; _sf_async_config.useCanonicalDomain = true; _sf_async_config.flickerControl = true; /** CONFIGURATION END **/ })();</script><script id="__NEXT_DATA__" type="application/json">{"props":{"pageProps":{"header":{"forcedArticle":null},"layoutProps":{"showLeaderboardAd":true,"headerProps":{"displayThumbtackSponsorship":false,"tMobileGaLabel":"","isSchoolsTopicOrTag":false,"isBusinessAndTechTopic":false,"isHolidaysTopic":false,"thumbtackGaLabel":"home_garden_article"}},"mainContent":{"item":{"id":29264967,"title":"United In Sound","summary":"When dogs bark, are they using words to communicate?","created":"2021-02-09T22:38:04Z","updated":"2021-02-09T22:38:04Z","author":{"id":22908971,"name":"The Conversation","profilePicture":"https://patch.com/img/cdn20/users/22908971/profile_pics/styles/t300x300/public/article_images/theconversation-1480706048-2590.jpg","alias":"/users/conversation","userTags":["NOTIFY EDITOR"],"neighborPoints":0,"rid":9},"patch":{"email":"national@patch.com","twitterUrl":"https://twitter.com/PatchTweet","categoryMenuEnabled":true,"dma":"patchusa","homePageType":"tiles","pinningEnabled":true,"model":"mature","facebookUrl":"https://facebook.com/57421062540","shortName":"Across America","grade":"A","wbs":"US_US_ACROSSAMERICA","slug":"across-america","siteMapEnabled":true,"covered":"no","timezone":"America/New_York","editor":{"id":"25951560","name":"Patch Team Manager","email":"sproutteammanager@patch.com","alias":"/users/sprout-team-manager"},"alias":"/us/across-america","id":10934,"name":"Across America","region":{"id":2751,"name":"US","alias":"/us/across-america","abbreviation":"US"},"type":"national"},"shortTitle":"United In Sound","contentSource":"import","evergreen":false,"originalContent":false,"canonicalUrl":"/us/across-america/united-sound","replyCount":0,"totalReplies":0,"repliesEnabled":true,"tags":[],"additionalBylines":[],"titleEmail":"United In Sound","titleSocial":"United In Sound","images":[{"url":"https://patch.com/img/cdn20/shutterstock/22908971/20210209/053803/styles/patch_image/public/shutterstock-652155388___09173655667.jpg","caption":"‘Hey everybody, there’s big news happening over here!’ ","credit":"Image via Shutterstock"}],"imageThumbnail":"https://patch.com/img/cdn20/shutterstock/22908971/20210209/053803/styles/patch_image/public/shutterstock-652155388___09173655667.jpg","contentKeywords":["curiouskidsus@theconversation","dog barks","dogs bark","\u0026ndash","make","\u0026rsquo","bark","dogs","barking","sounds"],"contentIABCategories":[],"type":"article","flags":{"thankCount":0,"spamCount":0,"offensiveCount":0,"notLocalCount":0,"disagreeCount":0,"promotionalCount":0,"unverifiedCount":0},"itemAlias":"/us/across-america/united-sound","topic":{"id":11268,"name":"Pets","alias":"/us/across-america/pets"},"category":"news","ampAlias":"/us/across-america/amp/29264967/united-in-sound","isShared":false,"relCanonicalUrl":"https://theconversation.com/when-dogs-bark-are-they-using-words-to-communicate-153345","shouldRenderAmpLink":false,"indexArticle":true,"enableAds":true,"preHeader":"By Clive Wynne, The Conversation February 8, 2021 Curious Kids is a series for children of all ages. If you have a question you\u0026rsquo;d like an expert to answer, send it to CuriousKidsUS@theconvers","statusFlags":{"isSpecialPin":false,"isTopStories":false,"isMostRecent":true,"isBreakingNews":false,"isExternal":false,"isDailyDigest":false,"isRobot":false,"isPressRelease":false,"isSponsoredContent":false,"isStaffContent":false,"isNewsPartnerContent":true,"isNeighborContent":false},"body":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBy Clive Wynne, \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/when-dogs-bark-are-they-using-words-to-communicate-153345\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eThe Conversation\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFebruary 8, 2021 \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" data-src=\"https://counter.theconversation.com/content/153345/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-advanced\" data-sizes data-srcset /\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/us/topics/curious-kids-us-74795\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eCurious Kids\u003c/a\u003e is a series for children of all ages. If you have a question you'd like an expert to answer, send it to \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.commailto:curiouskidsus@theconversation.com\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eCuriousKidsUS@theconversation.com\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003chr /\u003e \u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhen dogs bark, do they have words? – Sarah W., age 9, Clinton, New York\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e \u003chr /\u003e \u003cp\u003eDoes your dog bark a lot? Or is he one of those quiet pooches who barks only when things get really exciting? Most dogs bark at least a little. \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDog barks are not words. But although your dog will never tell you about his parents or the weather or the amazing bone he had yesterday, his barks still communicate important information.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDog barks are much closer to the noises people make when they accidentally hit their thumb with a hammer – \"Ow!\" – or open a fantastic present – \"Wow!\" These sounds convey how someone feels, but not why they feel that way. When other people hear these kinds of sounds, they often come over to see what has happened: How did you hurt yourself? What is this wonderful gift you received?\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAll dogs, even the tiniest chihuahua, are \u003ca href=\"https://www.sleddogsocietyofwales.co.uk/evolution-of-dogs.html\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003edescended from great grey wolves\u003c/a\u003e. \u003ca href=\"https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/lifestyle/dog-sounds-meaning/\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWolves almost never bark\u003c/a\u003e. \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BCPlnvVkZ-I\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eThey howl\u003c/a\u003e. Sometimes \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lfux0vEcsjM\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003edogs howl too\u003c/a\u003e – but \u003ca href=\"https://www.thelabradorsite.com/do-wolves-bark/\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehowling is rarer in dogs\u003c/a\u003e. Understanding why wolves howl and dogs bark helps explain what barking is for.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA howl can be a beautiful sound – almost like a kind of music. And, just as group singing brings people together, so too does \u003ca href=\"https://animalogic.ca/blog/wolf-pups-practice-pack-behavior-by-howling-together\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003egroup howling help a pack of wolves feel united\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDog barking also brings groups together – but it's not a beautiful sound. It is a much more urgent noise, just like the sounds you make when you are hurt or very pleased. Many smaller animals, like scrub jays, meerkats and California ground squirrels, make such noisy sounds. They do this \u003ca href=\"https://www.bl.uk/the-language-of-birds/articles/alarm-and-mobbing-calls#\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ewhen they feel frightened by something\u003c/a\u003e. In dogs, barking can bring a group together to defend against a danger that can't be coped with alone. \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWolves don't need to make sounds like this because they are big and fearsome and don't often feel threatened. Dogs, on the other hand, are much smaller and weaker than their wolf ancestors – and often need to call the group together.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis is why dogs bark. They are calling their group to get help with something they are not confident they can handle on their own. This doesn't mean a barking dog is always frightened. He may just be very excited. He badly needs the family to know that there is a stranger coming to the door, or another dog coming close to the house. \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eYour dog's barks may not be words, but he probably \u003ca href=\"https://drsophiayin.com/blog/entry/barking-in-dogs-noise-or-communication/\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ebarks a little differently\u003c/a\u003e depending on what kind of thing has got him excited. If you listen closely, you may find you can tell the difference between a bark directed at a package deliverer and one directed toward a friend at the door. The bark to a passing dog may be different than the bark at a passing car. \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eYour dog doesn't understand much of what you say, but he listens hard to \u003ca href=\"https://thebark.com/content/do-dogs-understand-our-words\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003etry to make sense of human language\u003c/a\u003e. If you return the compliment and listen hard to his sounds, you may find you can also understand him better, and the two of you will have a richer life together.\u003c/p\u003e \u003chr /\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHello, curious kids! Do you have a question you'd like an expert to answer? Ask an adult to send your question to \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.commailto:curiouskidsus@theconversation.com\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eCuriousKidsUS@theconversation.com\u003c/a\u003e. Please tell us your name, age and the city where you live.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAnd since curiosity has no age limit – adults, let us know what you're wondering, too. We won't be able to answer every question, but we will do our best.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003chr /\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThis article is republished from \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eThe Conversation\u003c/a\u003e under a Creative Commons license.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","contentBlocks":[{"content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBy Clive Wynne, \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/when-dogs-bark-are-they-using-words-to-communicate-153345\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eThe Conversation\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","key":"html:0","type":"html"},{"content":"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_1","key":"advertisement:client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_1","type":"advertisement"},{"content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFebruary 8, 2021 \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" data-src=\"https://counter.theconversation.com/content/153345/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-advanced\" data-sizes data-srcset /\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/us/topics/curious-kids-us-74795\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eCurious Kids\u003c/a\u003e is a series for children of all ages. If you have a question you’d like an expert to answer, send it to \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.commailto:curiouskidsus@theconversation.com\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eCuriousKidsUS@theconversation.com\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","key":"html:2","type":"html"},{"device":"mobile","key":"subscribe:mobile","type":"subscribe"},{"content":"artcl_1","key":"advertisement:artcl_1","type":"advertisement"},{"content":"\u003chr /\u003e \u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhen dogs bark, do they have words? – Sarah W., age 9, Clinton, New York\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e \u003chr /\u003e \u003cp\u003eDoes your dog bark a lot? Or is he one of those quiet pooches who barks only when things get really exciting? Most dogs bark at least a little. \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDog barks are not words. But although your dog will never tell you about his parents or the weather or the amazing bone he had yesterday, his barks still communicate important information.\u003c/p\u003e","key":"html:5","type":"html"},{"content":"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_2","key":"advertisement:client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_2","type":"advertisement"},{"device":"desktop","key":"subscribe:desktop","type":"subscribe"},{"content":"\u003cp\u003eDog barks are much closer to the noises people make when they accidentally hit their thumb with a hammer – “Ow!” – or open a fantastic present – “Wow!” These sounds convey how someone feels, but not why they feel that way. When other people hear these kinds of sounds, they often come over to see what has happened: How did you hurt yourself? What is this wonderful gift you received?\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAll dogs, even the tiniest chihuahua, are \u003ca href=\"https://www.sleddogsocietyofwales.co.uk/evolution-of-dogs.html\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003edescended from great grey wolves\u003c/a\u003e. \u003ca href=\"https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/lifestyle/dog-sounds-meaning/\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWolves almost never bark\u003c/a\u003e. \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BCPlnvVkZ-I\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eThey howl\u003c/a\u003e. Sometimes \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lfux0vEcsjM\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003edogs howl too\u003c/a\u003e – but \u003ca href=\"https://www.thelabradorsite.com/do-wolves-bark/\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehowling is rarer in dogs\u003c/a\u003e. Understanding why wolves howl and dogs bark helps explain what barking is for.\u003c/p\u003e","key":"html:8","type":"html"},{"content":"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_3","key":"advertisement:client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_3","type":"advertisement"},{"content":"\u003cp\u003eA howl can be a beautiful sound – almost like a kind of music. And, just as group singing brings people together, so too does \u003ca href=\"https://animalogic.ca/blog/wolf-pups-practice-pack-behavior-by-howling-together\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003egroup howling help a pack of wolves feel united\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDog barking also brings groups together – but it’s not a beautiful sound. It is a much more urgent noise, just like the sounds you make when you are hurt or very pleased. Many smaller animals, like scrub jays, meerkats and California ground squirrels, make such noisy sounds. They do this \u003ca href=\"https://www.bl.uk/the-language-of-birds/articles/alarm-and-mobbing-calls#\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ewhen they feel frightened by something\u003c/a\u003e. In dogs, barking can bring a group together to defend against a danger that can’t be coped with alone. \u003c/p\u003e","key":"html:10","type":"html"},{"content":"artcl_m1","key":"advertisement:artcl_m1","type":"advertisement"},{"content":"\u003cp\u003eWolves don’t need to make sounds like this because they are big and fearsome and don’t often feel threatened. Dogs, on the other hand, are much smaller and weaker than their wolf ancestors – and often need to call the group together.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis is why dogs bark. They are calling their group to get help with something they are not confident they can handle on their own. This doesn’t mean a barking dog is always frightened. He may just be very excited. He badly needs the family to know that there is a stranger coming to the door, or another dog coming close to the house. \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eYour dog’s barks may not be words, but he probably \u003ca href=\"https://drsophiayin.com/blog/entry/barking-in-dogs-noise-or-communication/\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ebarks a little differently\u003c/a\u003e depending on what kind of thing has got him excited. If you listen closely, you may find you can tell the difference between a bark directed at a package deliverer and one directed toward a friend at the door. The bark to a passing dog may be different than the bark at a passing car. \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eYour dog doesn’t understand much of what you say, but he listens hard to \u003ca href=\"https://thebark.com/content/do-dogs-understand-our-words\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003etry to make sense of human language\u003c/a\u003e. If you return the compliment and listen hard to his sounds, you may find you can also understand him better, and the two of you will have a richer life together.\u003c/p\u003e \u003chr /\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHello, curious kids! Do you have a question you’d like an expert to answer? Ask an adult to send your question to \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.commailto:curiouskidsus@theconversation.com\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eCuriousKidsUS@theconversation.com\u003c/a\u003e. Please tell us your name, age and the city where you live.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","key":"html:12","type":"html"},{"content":"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_4","key":"advertisement:client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_4","type":"advertisement"},{"content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAnd since curiosity has no age limit – adults, let us know what you’re wondering, too. We won’t be able to answer every question, but we will do our best.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003chr /\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThis article is republished from \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eThe Conversation\u003c/a\u003e under a Creative Commons license.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","key":"html:14","type":"html"},{"key":"forced_recirc","type":"recirc"}],"video":null}},"metadata":{"shouldIndex":true,"latestArticles":[{"type":"article","id":32175607,"title":"Children Grieve, just Like Adults.","created":"2025-02-16T12:00:38Z","updated":"2025-02-16T12:00:38Z","shortTitle":"Children Grieve, just Like Adults.","summary":"Children grieve, just like adults. While children can suffer from loss before the age of two, they usually do get death's finality till six.","images":[{"url":"https://patch.com/img/cdn20/users/23858844/20250211/051738/styles/patch_image/public/children-and-grief___11171500486.jpg"}],"imageThumbnail":"https://patch.com/img/cdn20/users/23858844/20250211/051738/styles/patch_image/public/children-and-grief___11171500486.jpg","promoted":0,"itemAlias":"/us/across-america/children-grieve-just-adults","canonicalUrl":"/us/across-america/children-grieve-just-adults","patch":{"id":10934,"name":"Across America","alias":"/us/across-america","region":{"id":2751,"name":"US","abbreviation":"US","alias":"/us"},"type":"national","model":"mature"},"author":{"id":23858844,"name":"Hal Green, Ph.D.","alias":"/users/hal-green","rid":6,"profilePicture":"https://patch.com/img/cdn20/users/23858844/profile_pics/styles/large/public/img-0943___03144046728.jpg","userTags":[],"neighborPoints":277},"pinStatus":"default","repliesEnabled":true,"totalReplies":0,"replyCount":0,"contentSource":"patch_user","evergreen":false,"originalContent":false,"flags":{"thankCount":0,"spamCount":0,"offensiveCount":0,"notLocalCount":0,"disagreeCount":0,"promotionalCount":0,"unverifiedCount":0},"topic":{"id":3025,"name":"Health \u0026 Fitness","alias":"/us/across-america/lifestyle"},"pinnedStatus":"latest_articles","category":"ugc","statusFlags":{"isSpecialPin":false,"isTopStories":false,"isMostRecent":false,"isBreakingNews":false,"isExternal":false,"isDailyDigest":false,"isRobot":false,"isPressRelease":false,"isSponsoredContent":false,"isStaffContent":false,"isNewsPartnerContent":false,"isNeighborContent":true}},{"type":"article","id":32174569,"title":"Yes, We Have Rat Lungworm, But Don’t Freak Out [Weird News \u0026 Oddities]","created":"2025-02-14T21:59:24Z","updated":"2025-02-14T22:14:51Z","shortTitle":"Yes, We Have Rat Lungworm, But Don’t Freak Out ...","summary":"“Mile high club” is full of hot air; how a tenant-friendly law helped a “serial squatter”; cops try to crack “egg-flation” case.","images":[{"url":"https://patch.com/img/cdn20/shutterstock/790386/20250214/045923/styles/patch_image/public/shutterstock-2013486803___14165612176.jpg"}],"imageThumbnail":"https://patch.com/img/cdn20/shutterstock/790386/20250214/045923/styles/patch_image/public/shutterstock-2013486803___14165612176.jpg","promoted":0,"itemAlias":"/us/across-america/yes-we-have-rat-lungworm-don-t-freak-out-weird-news-oddities","canonicalUrl":"/us/across-america/yes-we-have-rat-lungworm-don-t-freak-out-weird-news-oddities","patch":{"id":10934,"name":"Across America","alias":"/us/across-america","region":{"id":2751,"name":"US","abbreviation":"US","alias":"/us"},"type":"national","model":"mature"},"author":{"id":790386,"name":"Beth Dalbey","alias":"/users/beth-dalbey","rid":4,"profilePicture":"https://patch.com/img/cdn/users/790386/T300x300/4ed756fcc6075df18a2882e5aa6920cd.jpg","userTags":[],"neighborPoints":0},"pinStatus":"default","repliesEnabled":true,"totalReplies":0,"replyCount":0,"contentSource":"patch_user","evergreen":false,"originalContent":false,"flags":{"thankCount":0,"spamCount":0,"offensiveCount":0,"notLocalCount":0,"disagreeCount":0,"promotionalCount":0,"unverifiedCount":0},"topic":{"id":3026,"name":"Community Corner","alias":"/us/across-america/around-town"},"pinnedStatus":"latest_articles","category":"news","statusFlags":{"isSpecialPin":false,"isTopStories":false,"isMostRecent":false,"isBreakingNews":false,"isExternal":false,"isDailyDigest":false,"isRobot":false,"isPressRelease":false,"isSponsoredContent":false,"isStaffContent":true,"isNewsPartnerContent":false,"isNeighborContent":false}},{"type":"article","id":32174360,"title":"$50 Picker’s Find May Be Van Gogh Worth $15M: 5 Good News Stories","created":"2025-02-14T18:50:58Z","updated":"2025-02-14T19:28:36Z","shortTitle":"$50 Picker’s Find May Be Van Gogh Worth $15M: 5...","summary":"He said yes. It’s not what you think. But now that you’re thinking it, these couples who said yes decades ago are still madly in love.","images":[{"url":"https://patch.com/img/cdn20/users/790386/20250214/015056/styles/patch_image/public/ancher-2___14134233326.jpg"}],"imageThumbnail":"https://patch.com/img/cdn20/users/790386/20250214/015056/styles/patch_image/public/ancher-2___14134233326.jpg","promoted":0,"itemAlias":"/us/across-america/50-picker-s-find-may-be-van-gogh-worth-15m-5-good-news-stories","canonicalUrl":"/us/across-america/50-picker-s-find-may-be-van-gogh-worth-15m-5-good-news-stories","patch":{"id":10934,"name":"Across America","alias":"/us/across-america","region":{"id":2751,"name":"US","abbreviation":"US","alias":"/us"},"type":"national","model":"mature"},"author":{"id":790386,"name":"Beth Dalbey","alias":"/users/beth-dalbey","rid":4,"profilePicture":"https://patch.com/img/cdn/users/790386/T300x300/4ed756fcc6075df18a2882e5aa6920cd.jpg","userTags":[],"neighborPoints":0},"pinStatus":"default","repliesEnabled":true,"totalReplies":0,"replyCount":0,"contentSource":"patch_user","evergreen":false,"originalContent":false,"flags":{"thankCount":0,"spamCount":0,"offensiveCount":0,"notLocalCount":0,"disagreeCount":0,"promotionalCount":0,"unverifiedCount":0},"topic":{"id":3026,"name":"Community Corner","alias":"/us/across-america/around-town"},"pinnedStatus":"latest_articles","category":"news","statusFlags":{"isSpecialPin":false,"isTopStories":false,"isMostRecent":false,"isBreakingNews":false,"isExternal":false,"isDailyDigest":false,"isRobot":false,"isPressRelease":false,"isSponsoredContent":false,"isStaffContent":true,"isNewsPartnerContent":false,"isNeighborContent":false}}],"isNewArticleCookieExp":false,"authorExtended":null},"pageMetadata":{"adtech":{"adConfig":{"adRequestTimeout":2000,"amazon":{"clientId":3267,"timeout":1000},"analytics":{"sampling":0.2},"dfp":{"collapseEmptyDivs":true,"disableInitialLoad":true,"enableSingleRequest":true},"prebid":{"adder":0,"multiplier":1,"timeout":800}},"allAdUnits":{"client_ad_dfp_lb":{"bidId":"lb_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"296928","size":[728,90]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"296928","size":[970,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"296928","size":[970,90]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"348952330"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"Desktop_Leaderboard@728x90","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"atf","siteId":"242960","sizes":[57],"zoneId":"1200896"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_desktop_leaderboard_header"}}],"code":"client_ad_dfp_lb","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[728,90],[970,250],[970,90]]}},"slotTarget":"bb","targetDevice":"desktop"},"client_ad_dfp_mobile_lb":{"bidId":"mobile_lb_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"296933","size":[1,1]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"296933","size":[300,50]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"296933","size":[320,50]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"473866137"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"Mobile_Adhesion@320x50","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"atf","siteId":"242962","sizes":[43],"zoneId":"1200916"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_320x50_HDX"}}],"code":"client_ad_dfp_mobile_lb","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[1,1],[300,50],[320,50]]}},"slotTarget":"mbb","targetDevice":"mobile"},"client_ad_dfp_slot_1":{"bidId":"slot1_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"296929","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"296929","size":[300,600]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"296929","size":[300,1050]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"296929","size":[160,600]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"337469198"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"Desktop_Slot_1@300x250","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"atf","siteId":"242960","sizes":[10],"zoneId":"1200898"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_desktop_300x600_header_1"}}],"code":"client_ad_dfp_slot_1","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,600],[300,1050],[160,600]]}},"slotTarget":"1","targetDevice":"desktop"},"client_ad_dfp_slot_2":{"bidId":"slot2_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"296930","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"296930","size":[300,600]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"296930","size":[160,600]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"356232838"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"Desktop_Slot_2@300x250","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242960","sizes":[10],"zoneId":"1200900"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_desktop_300x600_header_2"}}],"code":"client_ad_dfp_slot_2","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,600],[160,600]]}},"slotTarget":"2","targetDevice":"desktop"},"client_ad_dfp_slot_3":{"bidId":"slot3_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"296931","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"296931","size":[300,600]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"296931","size":[160,600]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"194478851"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"Desktop_Slot_3@300x250","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242960","sizes":[10],"zoneId":"1200902"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_desktop_300x600_header_3"}}],"code":"client_ad_dfp_slot_3","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,600],[160,600]]}},"slotTarget":"3","targetDevice":"desktop"},"client_ad_dfp_slot_4":{"bidId":"slot4_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"296932","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"296932","size":[300,600]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"296932","size":[160,600]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"231827252"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"Desktop_Slot_4@300x250","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242960","sizes":[10],"zoneId":"1200908"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_desktop_300x600_header_4"}}],"code":"client_ad_dfp_slot_4","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,600],[160,600]]}},"slotTarget":"4","targetDevice":"desktop"},"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_1":{"bidId":"mobile_slot1_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"296934","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"296934","size":[300,75]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"296934","size":[300,50]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"296934","size":[1,1]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"538323184"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"Mobile_Slot_1@300x250","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242962","sizes":[15],"zoneId":"1200918"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_mobile_300x250_header_1"}}],"code":"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_1","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,75],[300,50],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"m1","targetDevice":"mobile"},"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_2":{"bidId":"mobile_slot2_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"296935","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"296935","size":[300,75]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"296935","size":[300,50]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"296935","size":[1,1]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"470651177"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"Mobile_Slot_2@300x250","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242962","sizes":[15],"zoneId":"1200920"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_mobile_300x250_header_2"}}],"code":"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_2","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,75],[300,50],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"m2","targetDevice":"mobile"},"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_3":{"bidId":"mobile_slot3_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"296936","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"296936","size":[300,75]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"296936","size":[300,50]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"296936","size":[1,1]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"569472044"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"Mobile_Slot_3@300x250","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242962","sizes":[15],"zoneId":"1200922"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_mobile_300x250_header_3"}}],"code":"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_3","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,75],[300,50],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"m3","targetDevice":"mobile"},"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_4":{"bidId":"mobile_slot4_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745488","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745488","size":[300,75]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745488","size":[300,50]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745488","size":[1,1]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"155549443"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"Mobile_Slot_4@300x250","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242962","sizes":[15],"zoneId":"2223794"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_mobile_300x250_header_4"}}],"code":"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_4","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,75],[300,50],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"m4","targetDevice":"mobile"},"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_5":{"bidId":"mobile_slot5_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745489","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745489","size":[300,75]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745489","size":[300,50]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745489","size":[1,1]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"155549443"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"Mobile_Slot_5@300x250","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242962","sizes":[15],"zoneId":"2223796"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_mobile_300x250_header_5"}}],"code":"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_5","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,75],[300,50],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"m5","targetDevice":"mobile"},"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_6":{"bidId":"mobile_slot6_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745490","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745490","size":[300,75]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745490","size":[300,50]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745490","size":[1,1]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"155549443"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"Mobile_Slot_6@300x250","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242962","sizes":[15],"zoneId":"2223798"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_mobile_300x250_header_6"}}],"code":"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_6","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,75],[300,50],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"m6","targetDevice":"mobile"},"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_7":{"bidId":"mobile_slot7_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745491","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745491","size":[300,75]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745491","size":[300,50]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745491","size":[1,1]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"155549443"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"Mobile_Slot_7@300x250","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242962","sizes":[15],"zoneId":"2223800"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_mobile_300x250_header_7"}}],"code":"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_7","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,75],[300,50],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"m7","targetDevice":"mobile"},"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_8":{"bidId":"mobile_slot8_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745492","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745492","size":[300,75]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745492","size":[300,50]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745492","size":[1,1]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"155549443"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"Mobile_Slot_8@300x250","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242962","sizes":[15],"zoneId":"2223802"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_mobile_300x250_header_8"}}],"code":"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_8","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,75],[300,50],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"m8","targetDevice":"mobile"},"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_9":{"bidId":"mobile_slot9_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745493","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745493","size":[300,75]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745493","size":[300,50]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745493","size":[1,1]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"155549443"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"Mobile_Slot_9@300x250","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242962","sizes":[15],"zoneId":"2223804"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_mobile_300x250_header_9"}}],"code":"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_9","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,75],[300,50],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"m9","targetDevice":"mobile"},"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_10":{"bidId":"mobile_slot10_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745494","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745494","size":[300,75]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745494","size":[300,50]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745494","size":[1,1]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"147283308"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"Mobile_Slot_10@300x250","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242962","sizes":[15],"zoneId":"2223806"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_mobile_300x250_header_10"}}],"code":"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_10","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,75],[300,50],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"m10","targetDevice":"mobile"},"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_11":{"bidId":"mobile_slot11_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745495","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745495","size":[300,75]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745495","size":[300,50]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745495","size":[1,1]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"147283308"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"Mobile_Slot_11@300x250","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242962","sizes":[15],"zoneId":"2223808"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_mobile_300x250_header_11"}}],"code":"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_11","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,75],[300,50],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"m11","targetDevice":"mobile"},"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_12":{"bidId":"mobile_slot12_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745496","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745496","size":[300,75]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745496","size":[300,50]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745496","size":[1,1]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"147283308"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"Mobile_Slot_12@300x250","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242962","sizes":[15],"zoneId":"2223810"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_mobile_300x250_header_12"}}],"code":"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_12","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,75],[300,50],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"m12","targetDevice":"mobile"},"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_13":{"bidId":"mobile_slot13_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745497","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745497","size":[300,75]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745497","size":[300,50]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745497","size":[1,1]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"147283308"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"Mobile_Slot_13@300x250","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242962","sizes":[15],"zoneId":"2223812"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_mobile_300x250_header_13"}}],"code":"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_13","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,75],[300,50],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"m13","targetDevice":"mobile"},"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_14":{"bidId":"mobile_slot14_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745498","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745498","size":[300,75]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745498","size":[300,50]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745498","size":[1,1]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"147283308"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"Mobile_Slot_14@300x250","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242962","sizes":[15],"zoneId":"2223814"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_mobile_300x250_header_14"}}],"code":"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_14","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,75],[300,50],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"m14","targetDevice":"mobile"},"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_15":{"bidId":"mobile_slot15_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745499","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745499","size":[300,75]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745499","size":[300,50]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745499","size":[1,1]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"147283308"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"Mobile_Slot_15@300x250","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242962","sizes":[15],"zoneId":"2223816"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_mobile_300x250_header_15"}}],"code":"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_15","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,75],[300,50],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"m15","targetDevice":"mobile"},"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_16":{"bidId":"mobile_slot16_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745500","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745500","size":[300,75]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745500","size":[300,50]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745500","size":[1,1]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"197616983"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"Mobile_Slot_16@300x250","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242962","sizes":[15],"zoneId":"2223818"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_mobile_300x250_header_16"}}],"code":"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_16","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,75],[300,50],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"m16","targetDevice":"mobile"},"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_17":{"bidId":"mobile_slot17_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745501","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745501","size":[300,75]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745501","size":[300,50]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745501","size":[1,1]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"197616983"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"Mobile_Slot_17@300x250","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242962","sizes":[15],"zoneId":"2223820"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_mobile_300x250_header_17"}}],"code":"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_17","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,75],[300,50],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"m17","targetDevice":"mobile"},"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_18":{"bidId":"mobile_slot18_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745502","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745502","size":[300,75]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745502","size":[300,50]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745502","size":[1,1]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"197616983"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"Mobile_Slot_18@300x250","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242962","sizes":[15],"zoneId":"2223822"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_mobile_300x250_header_18"}}],"code":"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_18","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,75],[300,50],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"m18","targetDevice":"mobile"},"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_19":{"bidId":"mobile_slot19_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745503","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745503","size":[300,75]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745503","size":[300,50]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745503","size":[1,1]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"197616983"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"Mobile_Slot_19@300x250","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242962","sizes":[15],"zoneId":"2223824"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_mobile_300x250_header_19"}}],"code":"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_19","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,75],[300,50],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"m19","targetDevice":"mobile"},"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_20":{"bidId":"mobile_slot20_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745504","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745504","size":[300,75]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745504","size":[300,50]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745504","size":[1,1]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"197616983"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"Mobile_Slot_20@300x250","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242962","sizes":[15],"zoneId":"2223826"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_mobile_300x250_header_20"}}],"code":"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_20","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,75],[300,50],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"m20","targetDevice":"mobile"},"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_21":{"bidId":"mobile_slot21_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745505","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745505","size":[300,75]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745505","size":[300,50]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745505","size":[1,1]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"197616983"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"Mobile_Slot_21@300x250","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242962","sizes":[15],"zoneId":"2223828"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_mobile_300x250_header_21"}}],"code":"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_21","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,75],[300,50],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"m21","targetDevice":"mobile"},"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_22":{"bidId":"mobile_slot22_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745506","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745506","size":[300,75]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745506","size":[300,50]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745506","size":[1,1]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"871737384"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"Mobile_Slot_22@300x250","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242962","sizes":[15],"zoneId":"2223830"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_mobile_300x250_header_22"}}],"code":"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_22","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,75],[300,50],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"m22","targetDevice":"mobile"},"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_23":{"bidId":"mobile_slot23_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745507","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745507","size":[300,75]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745507","size":[300,50]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745507","size":[1,1]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"871737384"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"Mobile_Slot_23@300x250","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242962","sizes":[15],"zoneId":"2223832"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_mobile_300x250_header_23"}}],"code":"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_23","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,75],[300,50],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"m23","targetDevice":"mobile"},"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_24":{"bidId":"mobile_slot24_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745508","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745508","size":[300,75]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745508","size":[300,50]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745508","size":[1,1]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"871737384"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"Mobile_Slot_24@300x250","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242962","sizes":[15],"zoneId":"2223834"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_mobile_300x250_header_24"}}],"code":"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_24","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,75],[300,50],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"m24","targetDevice":"mobile"},"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_25":{"bidId":"mobile_slot25_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745509","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745509","size":[300,75]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745509","size":[300,50]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745509","size":[1,1]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"871737384"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"Mobile_Slot_25@300x250","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242962","sizes":[15],"zoneId":"2223836"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_mobile_300x250_header_25"}}],"code":"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_25","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,75],[300,50],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"m25","targetDevice":"mobile"},"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_26":{"bidId":"mobile_slot26_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745510","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745510","size":[300,75]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745510","size":[300,50]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745510","size":[1,1]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"871737384"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"Mobile_Slot_26@300x250","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242962","sizes":[15],"zoneId":"2223838"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_mobile_300x250_header_26"}}],"code":"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_26","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,75],[300,50],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"m26","targetDevice":"mobile"},"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_27":{"bidId":"mobile_slot27_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745511","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745511","size":[300,75]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745511","size":[300,50]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745511","size":[1,1]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"871737384"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"Mobile_Slot_27@300x250","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242962","sizes":[15],"zoneId":"2223840"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_mobile_300x250_header_27"}}],"code":"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_27","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,75],[300,50],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"m27","targetDevice":"mobile"},"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_28":{"bidId":"mobile_slot28_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745512","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745512","size":[300,75]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745512","size":[300,50]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745512","size":[1,1]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"122836315"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"Mobile_Slot_28@300x250","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242962","sizes":[15],"zoneId":"2223842"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_mobile_300x250_header_28"}}],"code":"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_28","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,75],[300,50],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"m28","targetDevice":"mobile"},"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_29":{"bidId":"mobile_slot29_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745513","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745513","size":[300,75]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745513","size":[300,50]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745513","size":[1,1]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"122836315"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"Mobile_Slot_29@300x250","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242962","sizes":[15],"zoneId":"2223844"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_mobile_300x250_header_29"}}],"code":"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_29","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,75],[300,50],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"m29","targetDevice":"mobile"},"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_30":{"bidId":"mobile_slot30_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745514","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745514","size":[300,75]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745514","size":[300,50]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"745514","size":[1,1]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"122836315"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"Mobile_Slot_30@300x250","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242962","sizes":[15],"zoneId":"2223846"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_mobile_300x250_header_30"}}],"code":"client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_30","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,75],[300,50],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"m30","targetDevice":"mobile"},"home_1":{"bidId":"home_1_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"113662921"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_desktop_homepage"}}],"code":"home_1","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[696,183],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"home_1","targetDevice":"desktop"},"home_m1":{"bidId":"home_m1_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"287432535"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_mobile_homepage"}}],"code":"home_m1","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[310,172],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"home_m1","targetDevice":"mobile"},"front_1":{"bidId":"front_1_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"113662921"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_desktop_sectionfront"}}],"code":"front_1","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[696,183],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"front_1","targetDevice":"desktop"},"front_m1":{"bidId":"front_m1_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"287432535"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_mobile_sectionfront"}}],"code":"front_m1","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[310,172],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"front_m1","targetDevice":"mobile"},"relisting_1":{"code":"relisting_1","bidId":"relisting_1_id","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"relisting_1","targetDevice":"desktop","bids":[]},"relisting_m1":{"code":"relisting_m1","bidId":"relisting_m1_id","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"relisting_m1","targetDevice":"mobile","bids":[]},"artcl_1":{"bidId":"artcl_1_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"855247626"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_desktop_article"}}],"code":"artcl_1","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[600,150],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"artcl_1","targetDevice":"desktop"},"artcl_m1":{"bidId":"artcl_m1_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"135243747"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_mobile_inarticle"}}],"code":"artcl_m1","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,75],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"artcl_m1","targetDevice":"mobile"},"postartcl_1":{"bidId":"postartcl_1_id","bids":[],"code":"postartcl_1","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[696,320],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"postartcl_1","targetDevice":"desktop"},"postartcl_m1":{"code":"postartcl_m1","bidId":"postartcl_m1_id","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[360,400],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"postartcl_m1","targetDevice":"mobile","bids":[]},"feed_1":{"bidId":"feed_1_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019751","size":[728,90]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019751","size":[600,150]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019751","size":[1,1]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"122375459"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"5320074","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"atf","siteId":"242960","sizes":[15],"zoneId":"2985212"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_desktop_728x90_feed_1"}}],"code":"feed_1","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[728,90],[600,150],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"feed_1","targetDevice":"desktop"},"feed_2":{"bidId":"feed_2_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019752","size":[728,90]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019752","size":[600,150]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019752","size":[1,1]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"122375459"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"5320075","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242960","sizes":[15],"zoneId":"2985214"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_desktop_728x90_feed_2"}}],"code":"feed_2","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[728,90],[600,150],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"feed_2","targetDevice":"desktop"},"feed_3":{"bidId":"feed_3_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019753","size":[728,90]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019753","size":[600,150]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019753","size":[1,1]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"122375459"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"5320076","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242960","sizes":[15],"zoneId":"2985216"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_desktop_728x90_feed_3"}}],"code":"feed_3","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[728,90],[600,150],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"feed_3","targetDevice":"desktop"},"feed_4":{"bidId":"feed_4_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019754","size":[728,90]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019754","size":[600,150]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019754","size":[1,1]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"122375459"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"5320077","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242960","sizes":[15],"zoneId":"2985218"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_desktop_728x90_feed_4"}}],"code":"feed_4","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[728,90],[600,150],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"feed_4","targetDevice":"desktop"},"feed_5":{"bidId":"feed_5_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019755","size":[728,90]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019755","size":[600,150]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019755","size":[1,1]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"122375459"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"5320078","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242960","sizes":[15],"zoneId":"2985220"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_desktop_728x90_feed_5"}}],"code":"feed_5","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[728,90],[600,150],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"feed_5","targetDevice":"desktop"},"feed_6":{"bidId":"feed_6_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019756","size":[728,90]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019756","size":[600,150]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019756","size":[1,1]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"122375459"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"5320079","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242960","sizes":[15],"zoneId":"2985222"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_desktop_728x90_feed_6"}}],"code":"feed_6","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[728,90],[600,150],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"feed_6","targetDevice":"desktop"},"feed_m1":{"bidId":"feed_m1_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019757","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019757","size":[300,75]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019757","size":[300,50]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019757","size":[1,1]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"265767055"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"5320068","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242962","sizes":[15],"zoneId":"2985200"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_mobile_300x250_feed_1"}}],"code":"feed_m1","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,75],[300,50],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"feed_m1","targetDevice":"mobile"},"feed_m2":{"bidId":"feed_m2_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019758","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019758","size":[300,75]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019758","size":[300,50]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019758","size":[1,1]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"265767055"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"5320069","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242962","sizes":[15],"zoneId":"2985202"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_mobile_300x250_feed_2"}}],"code":"feed_m2","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,75],[300,50],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"feed_m2","targetDevice":"mobile"},"feed_m3":{"bidId":"feed_m3_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019759","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019759","size":[300,75]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019759","size":[300,50]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019759","size":[1,1]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"265767055"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"5320070","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242962","sizes":[15],"zoneId":"2985204"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_mobile_300x250_feed_3"}}],"code":"feed_m3","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,75],[300,50],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"feed_m3","targetDevice":"mobile"},"feed_m4":{"bidId":"feed_m4_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019760","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019760","size":[300,75]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019760","size":[300,50]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019760","size":[1,1]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"265767055"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"5320071","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242962","sizes":[15],"zoneId":"2985206"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_mobile_300x250_feed_4"}}],"code":"feed_m4","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,75],[300,50],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"feed_m4","targetDevice":"mobile"},"feed_m5":{"bidId":"feed_m5_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019761","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019761","size":[300,75]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019761","size":[300,50]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019761","size":[1,1]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"265767055"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"5320072","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242962","sizes":[15],"zoneId":"2985208"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_mobile_300x250_feed_5"}}],"code":"feed_m5","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,75],[300,50],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"feed_m5","targetDevice":"mobile"},"feed_m6":{"bidId":"feed_m6_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019762","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019762","size":[300,75]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019762","size":[300,50]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019762","size":[1,1]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"265767055"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"5320073","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242962","sizes":[15],"zoneId":"2985210"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_mobile_300x250_feed_6"}}],"code":"feed_m6","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,75],[300,50],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"feed_m6","targetDevice":"mobile"},"feed_rr_1":{"bidId":"feed_rr_1_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019763","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019763","size":[300,600]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019763","size":[160,600]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"704494572"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"5320080","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":"12538","position":"btf","siteId":"242960","sizes":[15],"zoneId":"2985224"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_desktop_300x600_national_1"}}],"code":"feed_rr_1","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,600],[160,600]]}},"slotTarget":"feed_rr_1","targetDevice":"desktop"},"feed_rr_m1":{"bidId":"feed_rr_m1_id","bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":"4956"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019764","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019764","size":[300,75]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019764","size":[300,50]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1019764","size":[1,1]}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"cid":"8CU182P5I","crid":"901462647"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"5320080","publisherId":"157338"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"patch_mobile_300x250_national_1"}}],"code":"feed_rr_m1","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,75],[300,50],[1,1],["fluid"]]}},"slotTarget":"feed_rr_m1","targetDevice":"mobile"},"interstitial":{"bidId":"interstitial_id","bids":[],"code":"interstitial","mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[1,1]]}},"slotTarget":"interstitial","targetDevice":"all"}}},"patchMetadata":{"nearbyCommunities":[],"patch":{"alias":"/us/across-america","id":10934,"model":"mature","name":"Across America","region":{"abbreviation":"US","alias":"/us/across-america","id":2751,"name":"US"},"type":"national","covered":"no","dma":"patchusa","email":"national@patch.com","grade":"A","shortName":"Across America","slug":"across-america","timezone":"America/New_York","wbs":"US_US_ACROSSAMERICA","zipcodes":[],"categoryMenuEnabled":true,"siteMapEnabled":true,"pinningEnabled":true,"homePageType":"tiles","allowedNewsletterFormats":{"eventsRoundup":false,"breakingNews":true,"nearbyNews":false,"curated":false,"daily":true},"editor":{"alias":"/users/sprout-team-manager","email":"sproutteammanager@patch.com","id":"25951560","name":"Patch Team Manager"},"facebookUrl":"https://facebook.com/57421062540","twitterUrl":"https://twitter.com/PatchTweet","patchAmLink":"washington-dc","platformPricing":{"event":200,"bizpost":7900,"classified":200},"weeklyViews":21818},"weather":null},"pageName":"ArticleDetails"},"rightRail":[{"type":"ad","items":[{"adUnit":"client_ad_dfp_slot_1"}]},{"type":"latestNewsNearbyOrTrendingNowAcrossPatch","items":[{"type":"article","id":32174569,"title":"Yes, We Have Rat Lungworm, But Don’t Freak Out [Weird News \u0026 Oddities]","created":"2025-02-14T21:59:24Z","updated":"2025-02-14T22:14:51Z","shortTitle":"Yes, We Have Rat Lungworm, But Don’t Freak Out ...","summary":"“Mile high club” is full of hot air; how a tenant-friendly law helped a “serial squatter”; cops try to crack “egg-flation” case.","images":[{"url":"https://patch.com/img/cdn20/shutterstock/790386/20250214/045923/styles/patch_image/public/shutterstock-2013486803___14165612176.jpg"}],"imageThumbnail":"https://patch.com/img/cdn20/shutterstock/790386/20250214/045923/styles/patch_image/public/shutterstock-2013486803___14165612176.jpg","promoted":0,"itemAlias":"/us/across-america/yes-we-have-rat-lungworm-don-t-freak-out-weird-news-oddities","canonicalUrl":"/us/across-america/yes-we-have-rat-lungworm-don-t-freak-out-weird-news-oddities","patch":{"id":10934,"name":"Across America","alias":"/us/across-america","region":{"id":2751,"name":"US","abbreviation":"US","alias":"/us/across-america"},"type":"national","model":"mature"},"author":{"id":790386,"name":"Beth Dalbey","alias":"/users/beth-dalbey","profilePicture":"https://patch.com/img/cdn/users/790386/T300x300/4ed756fcc6075df18a2882e5aa6920cd.jpg","userTags":[],"neighborPoints":0,"rid":0},"flags":{"thankCount":0,"spamCount":0,"offensiveCount":0,"notLocalCount":0,"disagreeCount":0,"promotionalCount":0,"unverifiedCount":0},"pinStatus":"default","replyCount":0,"totalReplies":0,"repliesEnabled":true,"contentSource":"patch_user","evergreen":false,"originalContent":false,"topic":{"id":3026,"name":"Community Corner","alias":"/us/across-america/around-town"},"pinnedStatus":"trending","category":"ugc"},{"type":"article","id":32173612,"title":"‘Poop Cleanup In Aisle 9’: Hard Pass On Dogs In Stores [Block Talk]","created":"2025-02-14T03:53:12Z","updated":"2025-02-15T05:09:13Z","shortTitle":"‘Poop Cleanup In Aisle 9’: Hard Pass On Dogs In...","summary":"It’s fine for service dogs to be in stores, but most survey respondents said pets shouldn’t. Poop and slobber were big sticking points.","images":[{"url":"https://patch.com/img/cdn20/shutterstock/790386/20250213/105310/styles/patch_image/public/shutterstock-2494729659___13222320353.jpg"}],"imageThumbnail":"https://patch.com/img/cdn20/shutterstock/790386/20250213/105310/styles/patch_image/public/shutterstock-2494729659___13222320353.jpg","promoted":0,"itemAlias":"/us/across-america/poop-cleanup-aisle-9-hard-pass-dogs-stores-block-talk","canonicalUrl":"/us/across-america/poop-cleanup-aisle-9-hard-pass-dogs-stores-block-talk","patch":{"id":10934,"name":"Across America","alias":"/us/across-america","region":{"id":2751,"name":"US","abbreviation":"US","alias":"/us/across-america"},"type":"national","model":"mature"},"author":{"id":790386,"name":"Beth Dalbey","alias":"/users/beth-dalbey","profilePicture":"https://patch.com/img/cdn/users/790386/T300x300/4ed756fcc6075df18a2882e5aa6920cd.jpg","userTags":[],"neighborPoints":0,"rid":0},"flags":{"thankCount":0,"spamCount":0,"offensiveCount":0,"notLocalCount":0,"disagreeCount":0,"promotionalCount":0,"unverifiedCount":0},"pinStatus":"default","replyCount":0,"totalReplies":0,"repliesEnabled":true,"contentSource":"patch_user","evergreen":false,"originalContent":false,"topic":{"id":3026,"name":"Community Corner","alias":"/us/across-america/around-town"},"pinnedStatus":"trending","category":"ugc"},{"type":"article","id":32174598,"title":"Egg-Cellent Egg Substitutes Amid Soaring Prices: CA Bakers Talk","created":"2025-02-14T22:42:19Z","updated":"2025-02-14T22:48:51Z","shortTitle":"Egg-Cellent Egg Substitutes Amid Soaring Prices...","summary":"How are restaurants handling the uptick in egg prices? Here's when to substitute and when it's worth it to crack open real eggs for recipes.","images":[{"url":"https://patch.com/img/cdn20/users/22887534/20250214/054217/styles/patch_image/public/20201207-121942___14173010864.jpg"}],"imageThumbnail":"https://patch.com/img/cdn20/users/22887534/20250214/054217/styles/patch_image/public/20201207-121942___14173010864.jpg","promoted":0,"itemAlias":"/california/temecula/egg-cellent-egg-substitutes-amid-soaring-prices-ca-bakers-talk","canonicalUrl":"/california/temecula/egg-cellent-egg-substitutes-amid-soaring-prices-ca-bakers-talk","patch":{"id":1077,"name":"Temecula","alias":"/california/temecula","region":{"id":2704,"name":"California","abbreviation":"CA","alias":"/california/across-ca"},"type":"community","model":"mature"},"author":{"id":22887534,"name":"Ashley Ludwig","alias":"/users/ashley-ludwig","profilePicture":"https://patch.com/img/cdn20/users/22887534/profile_pics/styles/t300x300/public/1947708_10152248406547347_1075221716_n.jpg","userTags":[],"neighborPoints":0,"rid":0},"flags":{"thankCount":0,"spamCount":0,"offensiveCount":0,"notLocalCount":0,"disagreeCount":0,"promotionalCount":0,"unverifiedCount":0},"pinStatus":"default","replyCount":0,"totalReplies":0,"repliesEnabled":true,"contentSource":"patch_user","evergreen":false,"originalContent":false,"topic":{"id":3026,"name":"Community Corner","alias":"/california/temecula/around-town"},"pinnedStatus":"trending","category":"ugc"},{"type":"article","id":32174458,"title":"Helicopter Crew May Have Missed Instruction Before DC Plane Crash","created":"2025-02-14T20:12:36Z","updated":"2025-02-14T20:31:31Z","shortTitle":"Helicopter Crew May Have Missed Instruction...","summary":"Officials are still determining what caused an Army helicopter to collide with a plane. The DC crash near Reagan Airport killed 67 people.","images":[{"url":"https://patch.com/img/cdn20/ap/566479/20250214/031235/styles/patch_image/public/ap25037781609891___14151153962.jpg"}],"imageThumbnail":"https://patch.com/img/cdn20/ap/566479/20250214/031235/styles/patch_image/public/ap25037781609891___14151153962.jpg","promoted":0,"itemAlias":"/virginia/arlington-va/helicopter-crew-may-have-missed-instruction-dc-plane-crash","canonicalUrl":"/virginia/arlington-va/helicopter-crew-may-have-missed-instruction-dc-plane-crash","patch":{"id":214,"name":"Arlington","alias":"/virginia/arlington-va","region":{"id":2746,"name":"Virginia","abbreviation":"VA","alias":"/virginia/across-va"},"type":"community","model":"mature"},"author":{"id":566479,"name":"Megan VerHelst","alias":"/users/megan-verhelst","profilePicture":"https://patch.com/img/cdn20/users/566479/profile_pics/styles/large/public/img-2035-facetune-24-05-2018-18-04-55___10130527077.JPG","userTags":[],"neighborPoints":0,"rid":0},"flags":{"thankCount":0,"spamCount":0,"offensiveCount":0,"notLocalCount":0,"disagreeCount":0,"promotionalCount":0,"unverifiedCount":0},"pinStatus":"default","replyCount":0,"totalReplies":0,"repliesEnabled":true,"contentSource":"patch_user","evergreen":false,"originalContent":false,"topic":{"id":3015,"name":"Crime \u0026 Safety","alias":"/virginia/arlington-va/police-fire"},"pinnedStatus":"trending","category":"ugc"},{"type":"article","id":32174064,"title":"Write A Note To Your Younger Self For Women’s History Month [Survey]","created":"2025-02-14T15:00:24Z","updated":"2025-02-14T19:18:41Z","shortTitle":"Write A Note To Your Younger Self For Women’s...","summary":"We’re asking readers to write notes to their younger selves for Women’s History Month. What do you know now that you wish you’d known then? ","images":[{"url":"https://patch.com/img/cdn20/shutterstock/790386/20250214/100023/styles/patch_image/public/shutterstock-1937340406___14095538099.jpg"}],"imageThumbnail":"https://patch.com/img/cdn20/shutterstock/790386/20250214/100023/styles/patch_image/public/shutterstock-1937340406___14095538099.jpg","promoted":0,"itemAlias":"/us/across-america/write-note-your-younger-self-women-s-history-month-survey","canonicalUrl":"/us/across-america/write-note-your-younger-self-women-s-history-month-survey","patch":{"id":10934,"name":"Across America","alias":"/us/across-america","region":{"id":2751,"name":"US","abbreviation":"US","alias":"/us/across-america"},"type":"national","model":"mature"},"author":{"id":790386,"name":"Beth Dalbey","alias":"/users/beth-dalbey","profilePicture":"https://patch.com/img/cdn/users/790386/T300x300/4ed756fcc6075df18a2882e5aa6920cd.jpg","userTags":[],"neighborPoints":0,"rid":0},"flags":{"thankCount":0,"spamCount":0,"offensiveCount":0,"notLocalCount":0,"disagreeCount":0,"promotionalCount":0,"unverifiedCount":0},"pinStatus":"default","replyCount":0,"totalReplies":0,"repliesEnabled":true,"contentSource":"patch_user","evergreen":false,"originalContent":false,"topic":{"id":3026,"name":"Community Corner","alias":"/us/across-america/around-town"},"pinnedStatus":"trending","category":"ugc"}]},{"type":"ad","items":[{"adUnit":"client_ad_dfp_slot_2"}]},{"type":"bestOfCommunity","items":[{"type":"article","id":32173612,"title":"‘Poop Cleanup In Aisle 9’: Hard Pass On Dogs In Stores [Block Talk]","created":"2025-02-14T03:53:12Z","updated":"2025-02-15T05:09:13Z","shortTitle":"‘Poop Cleanup In Aisle 9’: Hard Pass On Dogs In...","summary":"It’s fine for service dogs to be in stores, but most survey respondents said pets shouldn’t. Poop and slobber were big sticking points.","images":[{"url":"https://patch.com/img/cdn20/shutterstock/790386/20250213/105310/styles/patch_image/public/shutterstock-2494729659___13222320353.jpg"}],"imageThumbnail":"https://patch.com/img/cdn20/shutterstock/790386/20250213/105310/styles/patch_image/public/shutterstock-2494729659___13222320353.jpg","promoted":0,"itemAlias":"/us/across-america/poop-cleanup-aisle-9-hard-pass-dogs-stores-block-talk","canonicalUrl":"/us/across-america/poop-cleanup-aisle-9-hard-pass-dogs-stores-block-talk","patch":{"id":10934,"name":"Across America","alias":"/us/across-america","region":{"id":2751,"name":"US","abbreviation":"US","alias":"/us"},"type":"national","model":"mature"},"author":{"id":790386,"name":"Beth Dalbey","alias":"/users/beth-dalbey","rid":4,"profilePicture":"https://patch.com/img/cdn/users/790386/T300x300/4ed756fcc6075df18a2882e5aa6920cd.jpg","userTags":[],"neighborPoints":0},"flags":{"thankCount":0,"spamCount":0,"offensiveCount":0,"notLocalCount":0,"disagreeCount":0,"promotionalCount":0,"unverifiedCount":0},"pinStatus":"default","replyCount":0,"totalReplies":0,"repliesEnabled":true,"contentSource":"patch_user","additionalBylines":[],"titleEmail":"‘Poop Cleanup In Aisle 9’: Hard Pass On Dogs In Stores [Block Talk]","titleSocial":"‘Poop Cleanup In Aisle 9’: Hard Pass On Dogs In Stores [Block Talk]","evergreen":true,"originalContent":false,"topic":{"id":3026,"name":"Community Corner","alias":"/us/across-america/around-town"},"pinnedStatus":"article_mostrecent","category":"news"},{"type":"article","id":32153754,"title":"These ‘How We Met’ Love Stories Are An Early Valentine’s Day Gift","created":"2025-02-07T00:43:19Z","updated":"2025-02-07T00:43:19Z","shortTitle":"These ‘How We Met’ Love Stories Are An Early...","summary":"Trust, honesty and recognizing each other’s need for space were common themes in Patch readers’ advice for long and healthy relationships.","images":[{"url":"https://patch.com/img/cdn20/shutterstock/790386/20250206/074318/styles/patch_image/public/shutterstock-178191263___06193543643.jpg"}],"imageThumbnail":"https://patch.com/img/cdn20/shutterstock/790386/20250206/074318/styles/patch_image/public/shutterstock-178191263___06193543643.jpg","promoted":0,"itemAlias":"/us/across-america/these-how-we-met-love-stories-are-early-valentine-s-day-gift","canonicalUrl":"/us/across-america/these-how-we-met-love-stories-are-early-valentine-s-day-gift","patch":{"id":10934,"name":"Across America","alias":"/us/across-america","region":{"id":2751,"name":"US","abbreviation":"US","alias":"/us"},"type":"national","model":"mature"},"author":{"id":790386,"name":"Beth Dalbey","alias":"/users/beth-dalbey","rid":4,"profilePicture":"https://patch.com/img/cdn/users/790386/T300x300/4ed756fcc6075df18a2882e5aa6920cd.jpg","userTags":[],"neighborPoints":0},"flags":{"thankCount":0,"spamCount":0,"offensiveCount":0,"notLocalCount":0,"disagreeCount":0,"promotionalCount":0,"unverifiedCount":0},"pinStatus":"default","replyCount":0,"totalReplies":0,"repliesEnabled":true,"contentSource":"patch_user","additionalBylines":[],"titleEmail":"These ‘How We Met’ Love Stories Are An Early Valentine’s Day Gift","titleSocial":"These ‘How We Met’ Love Stories Are An Early Valentine’s Day Gift","evergreen":true,"originalContent":false,"topic":{"id":3035,"name":"Seasonal \u0026 Holidays","alias":"/us/across-america/holidays"},"pinnedStatus":"article_mostrecent","category":"news"},{"type":"article","id":32135608,"title":"Residential Streets Aren’t Racetracks: Slowing Speeders [Block Talk]","created":"2025-01-31T22:01:32Z","updated":"2025-01-31T22:22:42Z","shortTitle":"Residential Streets Aren’t Racetracks: Slowing...","summary":"Rethinking street designs, speed traps, speed bumps and traffic enforcement cameras all got votes from readers. So did common sense.","images":[{"url":"https://patch.com/img/cdn20/shutterstock/790386/20250131/050130/styles/patch_image/public/shutterstock-216959035___31165951043.jpg"}],"imageThumbnail":"https://patch.com/img/cdn20/shutterstock/790386/20250131/050130/styles/patch_image/public/shutterstock-216959035___31165951043.jpg","promoted":0,"itemAlias":"/us/across-america/residential-streets-aren-t-racetracks-slowing-speeders-block-talk","canonicalUrl":"/us/across-america/residential-streets-aren-t-racetracks-slowing-speeders-block-talk","patch":{"id":10934,"name":"Across America","alias":"/us/across-america","region":{"id":2751,"name":"US","abbreviation":"US","alias":"/us"},"type":"national","model":"mature"},"author":{"id":790386,"name":"Beth Dalbey","alias":"/users/beth-dalbey","rid":4,"profilePicture":"https://patch.com/img/cdn/users/790386/T300x300/4ed756fcc6075df18a2882e5aa6920cd.jpg","userTags":[],"neighborPoints":0},"flags":{"thankCount":0,"spamCount":0,"offensiveCount":0,"notLocalCount":0,"disagreeCount":0,"promotionalCount":0,"unverifiedCount":0},"pinStatus":"default","replyCount":0,"totalReplies":0,"repliesEnabled":true,"contentSource":"patch_user","additionalBylines":[],"titleEmail":"Residential Streets Aren’t Racetracks: Slowing Speeders [Block Talk]","titleSocial":"Residential Streets Aren’t Racetracks: Slowing Speeders [Block Talk]","evergreen":true,"originalContent":false,"topic":{"id":3026,"name":"Community Corner","alias":"/us/across-america/around-town"},"pinnedStatus":"article_mostrecent","category":"news"},{"type":"article","id":32108704,"title":"Urban Coyotes: Why We Should Value Rather Than Freak Out Over Them","created":"2025-01-23T00:41:07Z","updated":"2025-01-23T00:42:40Z","shortTitle":"Urban Coyotes: Why We Should Value Rather Than...","summary":"Alpha coyotes, the 20 percent of the species who reproduce, are more visible now that it’s mating season. But don’t fret if you see them.","images":[{"url":"https://patch.com/img/cdn20/shutterstock/790386/20250122/074103/styles/patch_image/public/shutterstock-771152878___22191119651.jpg"}],"imageThumbnail":"https://patch.com/img/cdn20/shutterstock/790386/20250122/074103/styles/patch_image/public/shutterstock-771152878___22191119651.jpg","promoted":0,"itemAlias":"/us/across-america/urban-coyotes-why-we-should-value-rather-freak-out-over-them","canonicalUrl":"/us/across-america/urban-coyotes-why-we-should-value-rather-freak-out-over-them","patch":{"id":10934,"name":"Across America","alias":"/us/across-america","region":{"id":2751,"name":"US","abbreviation":"US","alias":"/us"},"type":"national","model":"mature"},"author":{"id":790386,"name":"Beth Dalbey","alias":"/users/beth-dalbey","rid":4,"profilePicture":"https://patch.com/img/cdn/users/790386/T300x300/4ed756fcc6075df18a2882e5aa6920cd.jpg","userTags":[],"neighborPoints":0},"flags":{"thankCount":0,"spamCount":0,"offensiveCount":0,"notLocalCount":0,"disagreeCount":0,"promotionalCount":0,"unverifiedCount":0},"pinStatus":"default","replyCount":0,"totalReplies":0,"repliesEnabled":true,"contentSource":"patch_user","additionalBylines":[],"titleEmail":"Urban Coyotes: Why We Should Value Rather Than Freak Out Over Them","titleSocial":"Urban Coyotes: Why We Should Value Rather Than Freak Out Over Them","evergreen":true,"originalContent":false,"topic":{"id":3026,"name":"Community Corner","alias":"/us/across-america/around-town"},"pinnedStatus":"article_mostrecent","category":"news"},{"type":"article","id":32080812,"title":"You Are Probably Trash If You Toss Litter Out The Window [Block Talk]","created":"2025-01-10T22:01:45Z","updated":"2025-01-10T22:17:04Z","shortTitle":"You Are Probably Trash If You Toss Litter Out...","summary":"Confronting litterers is a bad idea, readers say. Instead, do your bit, pick up trash and before you know it, you may inspire a movement.","images":[{"url":"https://patch.com/img/cdn20/shutterstock/790386/20250110/050144/styles/patch_image/public/shutterstock-2298357409___10165920648.jpg"}],"imageThumbnail":"https://patch.com/img/cdn20/shutterstock/790386/20250110/050144/styles/patch_image/public/shutterstock-2298357409___10165920648.jpg","promoted":0,"itemAlias":"/us/across-america/you-are-probably-trash-if-you-toss-litter-out-window-block-talk","canonicalUrl":"/us/across-america/you-are-probably-trash-if-you-toss-litter-out-window-block-talk","patch":{"id":10934,"name":"Across America","alias":"/us/across-america","region":{"id":2751,"name":"US","abbreviation":"US","alias":"/us"},"type":"national","model":"mature"},"author":{"id":790386,"name":"Beth Dalbey","alias":"/users/beth-dalbey","rid":4,"profilePicture":"https://patch.com/img/cdn/users/790386/T300x300/4ed756fcc6075df18a2882e5aa6920cd.jpg","userTags":[],"neighborPoints":0},"flags":{"thankCount":0,"spamCount":0,"offensiveCount":0,"notLocalCount":0,"disagreeCount":0,"promotionalCount":0,"unverifiedCount":0},"pinStatus":"default","replyCount":0,"totalReplies":0,"repliesEnabled":true,"contentSource":"patch_user","additionalBylines":[],"titleEmail":"You Are Probably Trash If You Toss Litter Out The Window [Block Talk]","titleSocial":"You Are Probably Trash If You Toss Litter Out The Window [Block Talk]","evergreen":true,"originalContent":false,"topic":{"id":3026,"name":"Community Corner","alias":"/us/across-america/around-town"},"pinnedStatus":"article_mostrecent","category":"news"}]},{"type":"ad","items":[{"adUnit":"client_ad_dfp_slot_3"}]},{"type":"ad","items":[{"adUnit":"client_ad_dfp_slot_4"}]}],"articlePageRecircFeed":[]},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/[regionSlug]/[patchSlug]/[articleSlug]","query":{"regionSlug":"us","patchSlug":"across-america","articleSlug":"united-sound"},"buildId":"oyymbOv6qt-jCaJFsNwAJ","runtimeConfig":{"ADTECH":{"ADITUDE_COOKIE_NAME":"EKTLO30_95","AD_NETWORK_ID":270360483,"AD_LAZY_LOAD_PIXEL_OFFSETS_ARTICLE":["artcl_1:1450","client_ad_dfp_slot_2:1250","client_ad_dfp_slot_3:500","client_ad_dfp_slot_4:100","postartcl_1:0","artcl_m1:1100","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_1:1650","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_2:1100","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_3:1100","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_4:1000","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_5:1000","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_6:900","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_7:800","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_8:700","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_9:900","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_10:800","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_11:800","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_12:800","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_13:1000","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_14:1000","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_15:1200","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_16:1300","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_17:1300","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_18:1300","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_19:1300","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_20:1100","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_21:800","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_22:800","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_23:900","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_24:500","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_25:500","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_26:500","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_27:500","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_28:300","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_29:100","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_30:100","postartcl_m1:-50"],"AD_LAZY_LOAD_PIXEL_OFFSETS_FEED":["home_1:0","front_1:0","client_ad_dfp_slot_2:-50","client_ad_dfp_slot_3:-50","client_ad_dfp_slot_4:-50","home_m1:-50","front_m1:0","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_1:-50","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_2:0","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_3:-50","feed_1:-50","feed_2:-50","feed_3:-50","feed_4:-50","feed_5:-50","feed_6:-50","feed_rr_1:-50","feed_m1:-50","feed_m2:-50","feed_m3:-50","feed_m4:-50","feed_m5:-50","feed_m6:-50","feed_rr_1:-50","feed_rr_m1:-50"],"AD_LAZY_LOAD_PIXEL_OFFSETS_VARIANTS_ARTICLE":{},"AD_LAZY_LOAD_PIXEL_OFFSETS_VARIANTS_FEED":{},"AD_LAZY_LOAD_NATIVE_TIMEOUT":99999999999,"AD_LOAD_SCRIPTS_DELAY":0,"AD_LOAD_SCRIPTS_TIMEOUT":2000,"AD_UNITS_TO_LAZY_LOAD":["home_m1","artcl_m1","front_m1","postartcl_m1","home_1","artcl_1","front_1","postartcl_1","client_ad_dfp_slot_2","client_ad_dfp_slot_3","client_ad_dfp_slot_4","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_1","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_2","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_3","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_4","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_5","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_6","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_7","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_8","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_9","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_10","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_11","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_12","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_13","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_14","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_15","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_16","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_17","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_18","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_19","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_20","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_21","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_22","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_23","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_24","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_25","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_26","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_27","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_28","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_29","client_ad_dfp_mobile_slot_30","feed_1","feed_2","feed_3","feed_4","feed_5","feed_6","feed_rr_1","feed_m1","feed_m2","feed_m3","feed_m4","feed_m5","feed_m6","feed_rr_1","feed_rr_m1"],"DISABLE_ADUNIT_TOWNS":[],"DISABLE_ADUNIT_UNITS":[],"EX_DOT_CO_SUPPLY_ID":"947156728","INTERSTITIAL_ADUNIT_PATH":"/270360483/interstitial","PATCH_CONFIG_ADTECH":["ae999:v1@50","ae1009:v1@0.1"],"PREBID_UPDATE_VERSION_NUMBER":"8.26.0","PREBID_UPDATE_ENABLED":true,"PREBID_USERSYNC_AUCTION_DELAY":200,"PUBMATIC_ID_HUB_ENABLED":false,"REVCONTENT_DELAY":0,"REVCONTENT_ENABLED":true,"REVCONTENT_LAZY_LOAD_DISTANCE":2500,"SELLWILD_DELAY":0,"SELLWILD_ENABLED":false,"SELLWILD_LAZY_LOAD_DISTANCE":0,"SHOULD_LOAD_GPT_OURSELVES":true,"NATIONAL_HOME_RR_AD_MARGIN_TOP":400,"MGID_ENABLED":true},"CONFIG":{"ONETRUST_DATA_DOMAIN":"dcfe95d1-36e5-4ab3-9c32-5b450dc237e4","DEFAULT_COOKIE_DOMAIN":".patch.com","SITE_WIDE_BANNER_MESSAGE":"","PERFORMANCE_METRICS_TO_TRACK":["FID"],"SCRIPT_LOAD_DELAY":2000,"SUBSCRIBE_MODAL_POPUP_DELAY_MOBILE":5000,"SUBSCRIBE_MODAL_POPUP_DELAY_DESKTOP":5000,"THUMBTACK_PAGES_CACHE_TTL":3600,"THUMBTACK_NAV_CATEGORIES":["Window Installation","Gutter Repair","Tile Repair","House Cleaning","Junk Removal","Swimming Pool Repair"],"HOME_PAGE_TTL":300,"PATCH_AM_TEXT_HOME_PAGE_TTL":3600},"FEATURES":{"CLIENT_SIDE_ROUTING":false,"CODECS_TO_VALIDATE":["ArticleCodec","BusinessCodec","CalendarEventCodec","CalendarEventDetailCodec","ClassifiedCodec","ClassifiedDetailCodec","ChartbeatItemCodec","InContentArticleCodec","PostCodec","PostDetailCodec","RealEstateCodec","ReplyCodec","RSSCodec","SocialPostCodec","ArticlePageRecircFeedCodec"],"SHOW_TMOBILE_HOLIDAYS_SPONSORSHIP":false,"CUSTOM_ARTICLE_LINK":false,"NEW_BUSINESS_LISTING_FLOW":false,"BUSINESS_PROMOTION_FEATURES_ENABLED":false,"RTE3871_BUSINESS_DETAILS_PAGE_EXPERIMENT":false,"THUMBTACK_REDESIGN_ENABLED":true,"SALESFORCE_ON_BUSINESS_SIGN_UP_ENABLED":true,"USE_AUTH0_UNIVERSAL_LOGIN":false,"USE_PATCH_BUSINESS_PRO_FLOW":true,"ARTICLE_SCROLL_KILL_SWITCH":true,"USE_NLH_COMMUNITY_DROPDOWN":true,"JOBCASE_INTEGRATION_ENABLED":true,"BUSINESS_SECTION_RENAME_ENABLED":true,"PROMOTED_BUSINESSES_REPLACES_INLINE_SUBSCRIBE":false,"GEOLOCATION_REQUEST_ENABLED":true,"HEADLINE_TEST_ENABLED":false},"KEYS":{"AD_NETWORK_ID":270360483,"APPLE_AUTH_CLIENT_ID":"com.patch.www.signin","APPLE_AUTH_REDIRECT_URI":"https://patch.com","FACEBOOK_APP_ID":521361477908471,"FACEBOOK_AUTH_CLIENT_ID":"521361477908471","FACEBOOK_PAGES":57421062540,"GOOGLE_ANALYTICS_4_MEASUREMENT_ID":"G-R7P12PW6FE","GOOGLE_AUTH_CLIENT_ID":"970621496472-q1qlmhsl2n2dmqhjpndua3l1cck70a82.apps.googleusercontent.com","GOOGLE_EMBED_API_KEY":"AIzaSyCRPD5LV_iTdto-dDH-Fjv4M5gm99WX68E","GOOGLE_OPTIMIZE_ID":"GTM-5CC6FGJ","GOOGLE_PLACES_API_KEY":"AIzaSyCsIVTOd-qIRbQ68lkprrsCwYO34zFC8fc","GOOGLE_TAG_MANAGER_ID":"GTM-5SJ8RNT","GOOGLE_UNIVERSAL_ANALYTICS_PROPERTY_ID":"UA-51909201-1","GTM_ENVIRONMENT":"\u0026gtm_auth=Il6fAOwgZ0EGHJLGRwtJfA\u0026gtm_preview=env-75","NEWRELIC_APPLICATION_ID":"763355162","RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY":"6Lf9WI0UAAAAAIWSgY0R8GBW7nJmHh1f7OM9KY1w","STRIPE_PUBLISHABLE_KEY":"pk_live_2y1e1H4Lljvr8sNGO23u368R"},"STRIPE_COMMUNITY_DONATION":{"MONTHLY_5_PRICE_ID":"price_1Gwp6CB4zdVQeb6KHWb96PUc","MONTHLY_10_PRICE_ID":"price_1Gwp6BB4zdVQeb6KBfLnbatf","YEARLY_50_PRICE_ID":"price_1Gwp6CB4zdVQeb6KwktsGSvS","YEARLY_100_PRICE_ID":"price_1Gwp6DB4zdVQeb6K3N2aNTRL"},"NATIVE_APP":{"DYNAMIC_LINK_BASE":"https://patchapp.page.link","IBI":"com.patch.iphoneapp","ISI":"430049632","APN":"com.patchmedia.android"},"LOG":{"LOG_LEVEL":"warn","LOG_PIXELS":false,"LOG_REDUCER":false},"URLS":{"BUSINESS_URL":"https://business.patch.com","MYPATCH_API_URL":"https://pep.patchapi.io/api/mypatch","AUTH_USERS_API_URL":"https://pep.patchapi.io/api/auth-users","AUTH_N_API_URL":"https://pep.patchapi.io/api/authn","VALIDATION_EMAIL_API_URL":"https://pep.patchapi.io/api/validation/email","MYPATCH_URL":"https://my.patch.com","PATCH_CALENDAR_API_URL":"https://patch.com/api_v2/calendar_r","PATCH_CALENDAR_WRITE_API_URL":"https://api.patch.com/calendar/write-api","PATCH_EDIT_URL":"https://edit.patch.com","PATCH_FE_API_URL":"https://patch.com","PATCH_FE_URL":"https://patch.com","PATCH_CONTENT_URL":"https://patch.com/api_v2/content/","PATCH_REACTIONS_URL":"https://pep.patchapi.io/api/reactions","PIXEL_ENGAGEMENTS_URL":"https://engagements.pixel.patch.com","PIXEL_IMPRESSIONS_URL":"https://pixel.patch.com","THUMBTACK_API_URL":"https://ao28drudsa.execute-api.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/prod","REAL_ESTATE_URL":"https://realestate.patch.com","PATCH_WEATHER_API_URL":"https://patch.com/api_v2/buffer/weather","PATCH_METADATA_URL":"https://patch.com/api_v2/metadata","ORIGIN":"https://patch.com","PATCH_GEO_LOCATION_API_URL":"https://api.patch.com/geolocation"}},"isFallback":false,"gssp":true,"customServer":true,"scriptLoader":[{"strategy":"afterInteractive","defer":true,"async":false,"src":"https://dn0qt3r0xannq.cloudfront.net/patch-PN1j7qIXuE/patch-longform/prebid-load.js"}]}</script></body></html>