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Disponibil în 106 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-106" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">106 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromagnetisme" title="Elektromagnetisme – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Elektromagnetisme" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetismo" title="Electromagnetismo – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Electromagnetismo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5" title="विद्युत्चुम्बकत्व – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="विद्युत्चुम्बकत्व" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="كهرطيسية – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كهرطيسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC" title="বিদ্যুত চুম্বকত্ব – asameză" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বিদ্যুত চুম্বকত্ব" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetismu" title="Electromagnetismu – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Electromagnetismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%BA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B7%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="الکترومغناطیس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="الکترومغناطیس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8strik_besi_berani" title="Lèstrik besi berani – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Lèstrik besi berani" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Електромагнетизъм – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Електромагнетизъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5" title="विद्युत्चुम्बकत्व – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="विद्युत्चुम्बकत्व" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC" title="তড়িৎচুম্বকত্ব – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তড়িৎচুম্বকত্ব" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B3%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A1%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8B" title="གློག་སྡུད་རིག་པ་ – tibetană" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="གློག་སྡུད་རིག་པ་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromagnetizam" title="Elektromagnetizam – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Elektromagnetizam" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Сахилгаан суранзан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Сахилгаан суранзан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetisme" title="Electromagnetisme – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Electromagnetisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%86%D9%85%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="کارۆموگناتیسی – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کارۆموگناتیسی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromagnetismus" title="Elektromagnetismus – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Elektromagnetismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagneteg" title="Electromagneteg – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Electromagneteg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromagnetisme" title="Elektromagnetisme – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Elektromagnetisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromagnetismus" title="Elektromagnetismus – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Elektromagnetismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetism" title="Electromagnetism – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Electromagnetism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromagnetismo" title="Elektromagnetismo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Elektromagnetismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetismo" title="Electromagnetismo – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Electromagnetismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromagnetism" title="Elektromagnetism – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Elektromagnetism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromagnetismo" title="Elektromagnetismo – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Elektromagnetismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%BA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B7%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="الکترومغناطیس – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الکترومغناطیس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A4hk%C3%B6magnetismi" title="Sähkömagnetismi – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sähkömagnetismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lectromagn%C3%A9tisme" title="Électromagnétisme – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Électromagnétisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromagnetisme" title="Elektromagnetisme – frizonă occidentală" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Elektromagnetisme" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizonă occidentală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leictreamaighn%C3%A9adas" title="Leictreamaighnéadas – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Leictreamaighnéadas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lektomagn%C3%A9tism" title="Élektomagnétism – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Élektomagnétism" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetismo" title="Electromagnetismo – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Electromagnetismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromagnetisme" title="Elektromagnetisme – gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Elektromagnetisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="אלקטרומגנטיות – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלקטרומגנטיות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5" title="विद्युत्चुम्बकत्व – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विद्युत्चुम्बकत्व" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetism" title="Electromagnetism – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Electromagnetism" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromagnetizam" title="Elektromagnetizam – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Elektromagnetizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektwomayetis" title="Elektwomayetis – haitiană" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Elektwomayetis" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrom%C3%A1gness%C3%A9g" title="Elektromágnesség – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Elektromágnesség" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Էլեկտրամագնիսականություն – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էլեկտրամագնիսականություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetismo" title="Electromagnetismo – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Electromagnetismo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromagnetisme" title="Elektromagnetisme – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Elektromagnetisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetism" title="Electromagnetism – igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Electromagnetism" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromagnetismo" title="Elektromagnetismo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Elektromagnetismo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafsegulfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Rafsegulfræði – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rafsegulfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E7%A3%81%E6%B0%97%E5%AD%A6" title="電磁気学 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="電磁気学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilekchomagnetizim" title="Ilekchomagnetizim – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Ilekchomagnetizim" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ელექტრომაგნეტიზმი – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ელექტრომაგნეტიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromagnetizm" title="Elektromagnetizm – karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Elektromagnetizm" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%89%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%85" title="អេឡិចត្រូម៉ាញ៉េទិច – khmeră" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អេឡិចត្រូម៉ាញ៉េទិច" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%86" title="ವಿದ್ಯುತ್ಕಾಂತತೆ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿದ್ಯುತ್ಕಾಂತತೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90%EA%B8%B0%ED%95%99" title="전자기학 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전자기학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Электромагнитизм – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Электромагнитизм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physica_electromagnetica" title="Physica electromagnetica – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Physica electromagnetica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromagnetismus" title="Elektromagnetismus – luxemburgheză" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Elektromagnetismus" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lektromagnetisme" title="Lektromagnetisme – limburgheză" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Lektromagnetisme" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromagn%C4%93tisms" title="Elektromagnētisms – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Elektromagnētisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Електромагнетизам – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Електромагнетизам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A4" title="വൈദ്യുതകാന്തികത – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വൈദ്യുതകാന്തികത" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Цахилгаан соронзон – mongolă" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Цахилгаан соронзон" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5" title="विद्युतचुंबकत्व – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="विद्युतचुंबकत्व" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keelektromagnetan" title="Keelektromagnetan – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Keelektromagnetan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BE%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B6%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%93%E1%80%AC%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="လျှပ်စစ်သံလိုက်ဓာတ် – birmană" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လျှပ်စစ်သံလိုက်ဓာတ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5" title="विद्युतचुम्बकत्व – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="विद्युतचुम्बकत्व" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromagnetisme" title="Elektromagnetisme – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Elektromagnetisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromagnetisme" title="Elektromagnetisme – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Elektromagnetisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromagnetisme" title="Elektromagnetisme – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Elektromagnetisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetisme" title="Electromagnetisme – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Electromagnetisme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektiroomaagneetiizimii" title="Elektiroomaagneetiizimii – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Elektiroomaagneetiizimii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%8D-%E0%AC%9A%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%80%E0%AD%9F_%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AC" title="ବିଦ୍ୟୁତ୍-ଚୁମ୍ବକୀୟ ପ୍ରଭାବ – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ବିଦ୍ୟୁତ୍-ଚୁମ୍ବକୀୟ ପ୍ରଭାବ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE" title="ਬਿਜਲਚੁੰਬਕਤਾ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਿਜਲਚੁੰਬਕਤਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrodynamika" title="Elektrodynamika – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Elektrodynamika" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%B2%D9%85" title="الیکٹرومیگنیٹزم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="الیکٹرومیگنیٹزم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eletromagnetismo" title="Eletromagnetismo – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Eletromagnetismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illari-llut%27ariy" title="Illari-llut'ariy – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Illari-llut'ariy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Электромагнетизм – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Электромагнетизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%91%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Електромаґнетізм – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Електромаґнетізм" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elettrumagnetismu" title="Elettrumagnetismu – siciliană" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Elettrumagnetismu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="برقناطيسيت – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="برقناطيسيت" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromagnetizam" title="Elektromagnetizam – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Elektromagnetizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talikt%E1%B9%9Bama%C9%A3ni%E1%B9%ADit" title="Taliktṛamaɣniṭit – tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Taliktṛamaɣniṭit" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B7%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA" title="විද්‍යූත් චුම්භක බලය – singhaleză" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="විද්‍යූත් චුම්භක බලය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singhaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetism" title="Electromagnetism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Electromagnetism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromagnetizmus" title="Elektromagnetizmus – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Elektromagnetizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrika_in_magnetizem" title="Elektrika in magnetizem – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Elektrika in magnetizem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromagnetizmi" title="Elektromagnetizmi – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Elektromagnetizmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Електромагнетизам – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Електромагнетизам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89l%C3%A9ktromagn%C3%A9tisme" title="Éléktromagnétisme – sundaneză" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Éléktromagnétisme" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromagnetism" title="Elektromagnetism – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Elektromagnetism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="மின்காந்தவியல் – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மின்காந்தவியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%8E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2" title="ทฤษฎีแม่เหล็กไฟฟ้า – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทฤษฎีแม่เหล็กไฟฟ้า" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromagnetismo" title="Elektromagnetismo – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Elektromagnetismo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromanyetizma" title="Elektromanyetizma – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Elektromanyetizma" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromagnetizm" title="Elektromagnetizm – tătară" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Elektromagnetizm" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tătară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Електромагнетизм – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Електромагнетизм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B7%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="برقناطیسیت – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="برقناطیسیت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromagnetizm" title="Elektromagnetizm – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Elektromagnetizm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_t%E1%BB%AB_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Điện từ học – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Điện từ học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromagnetismo" title="Elektromagnetismo – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Elektromagnetismo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mb%C3%ABjbijjaakon" title="Mbëjbijjaakon – wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Mbëjbijjaakon" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A3%81%E5%AD%A6" title="电磁学 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="电磁学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ელექტრომაგნეტიზმი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ელექტრომაგნეტიზმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A3%81%E5%AD%A6" title="电磁学 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="电磁学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C4%81n-ch%C3%BB-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Tiān-chû-ha̍k – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tiān-chû-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E7%A3%81%E5%AD%B8" title="電磁學 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="電磁學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubunzubawonga" title="Ubunzubawonga – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ubunzubawonga" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11406#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Electromagnetism" title="Vedeți conținutul paginii [a]" accesskey="a"><span>Articol</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon 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alternativ</a></li></ul></div></div> <div class="hlist" style="margin-left:0em;"><div class="plainlist"><ul style=""><li style=""><a href="/wiki/For%C8%9B%C4%83_electromotoare" title="Forță electromotoare">Forță electromotoare</a> </li><li style=""><a href="/wiki/Capacitan%C8%9B%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Capacitanță">Capacitanță</a></li></ul></div></div> <div class="hlist" style="margin-left:0em;"><div class="plainlist"><ul style=""><li style=""><a href="/wiki/Inductan%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Inductanță">Inductanță</a> </li><li style=""><a href="/wiki/Impedan%C8%9B%C4%83_electric%C4%83" title="Impedanță electrică">Impedanță</a></li></ul></div></div> <div class="hlist" style="margin-left:0em;"><div class="plainlist"><ul style=""><li style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rezonator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rezonator — pagină inexistentă">Cavități rezonante</a> </li><li style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghid_de_und%C4%83_(electromagnetism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghid de undă (electromagnetism) — pagină inexistentă">Ghidurile de undă</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:inherit;color:var(--color-base, #000) !important;text-align:left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Formularea_covarian%C8%9Bei_electromagnetismului_clasic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Formularea covarianței electromagnetismului clasic — pagină inexistentă">Formularea covarianței</a></div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"><div style="padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tensorul_electromagnetic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tensorul electromagnetic — pagină inexistentă">Tensorul electromagnetic</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Tensorul_energie-impuls" title="Tensorul energie-impuls">Tensorul energie-impuls</a>)</div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuadricurent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cuadricurent — pagină inexistentă">Cuadricurent</a> </p> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuadripoten%C8%9Bial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cuadripotențial — pagină inexistentă">Cuadripotențial</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:inherit;color:var(--color-base, #000) !important;text-align:left">Oameni de știință</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left:0em;"><div class="plainlist"><ul style=""><li style=""><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9-Marie_Amp%C3%A8re" title="André-Marie Ampère">Ampère</a> </li><li style=""><a href="/wiki/Charles-Augustin_de_Coulomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles-Augustin de Coulomb">Coulomb</a> </li><li style=""><a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Faraday</a></li></ul></div></div> <div class="hlist" style="margin-left:0em;"><div class="plainlist"><ul style=""><li style=""><a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss">Gauss</a> </li><li style=""><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Heaviside" title="Oliver Heaviside">Heaviside</a> </li><li style=""><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Henry" title="Joseph Henry">Henry</a></li></ul></div></div> <div class="hlist" style="margin-left:0em;"><div class="plainlist"><ul style=""><li style=""><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Hertz" title="Heinrich Hertz">Hertz</a> </li><li style=""><a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Lorentz</a> </li><li style=""><a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">Maxwell</a> </li><li style=""><a href="/wiki/Nikola_Tesla" title="Nikola Tesla">Tesla</a></li></ul></div></div> <div class="hlist" style="margin-left:0em;"><div class="plainlist"><ul style=""><li style=""><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Volta" title="Alessandro Volta">Volta</a> </li><li style=""><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Eduard_Weber" title="Wilhelm Eduard Weber">Weber</a> </li><li style=""><a href="/wiki/Hans_Christian_%C3%98rsted" title="Hans Christian Ørsted">Ørsted</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td style="text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding-top: 0.6em;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Format:Electromagnetism" title="Format:Electromagnetism"><abbr title="Vizualizează acest format">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Electromagnetism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Electromagnetism — pagină inexistentă"><abbr title="Discută acest format">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Electromagnetism&action=edit"><abbr title="Modifică acest format">m</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Electromagnetismul</b> este acea ramură a <a href="/wiki/Fizic%C4%83" title="Fizică">fizicii</a> care studiază sarcinile magnetice și electrice, câmpurile create de acestea (electric și magnetic), legile care descriu interacțiunile dintre acestea. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Electromagnetism.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Electromagnetism.png/250px-Electromagnetism.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Electromagnetism.png/375px-Electromagnetism.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Electromagnetism.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="502" /></a><figcaption>Efectul magnetic al curentului electric</figcaption></figure> <p>Ramurile principale ale electromagnetismului sunt: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electrostatic%C4%83" title="Electrostatică">Electrostatica</a>, care se ocupă cu studiul sarcinilor electrice aflate în repaus și al câmpurilor generate de acestea.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrodinamic%C4%83" title="Electrodinamică">Electrodinamica</a>, care se ocupă cu studiul sarcinilor aflate în mișcare, precum și al câmpurilor generate de acestea.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetism" title="Magnetism">Magnetismul</a>, care se ocupă cu studiul <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A2mp_magnetic" title="Câmp magnetic">câmpului magnetic</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istoric">Istoric</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electromagnetism&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Istoric" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electromagnetism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Istoric"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Deși grecii antici cunoșteau proprietățile electrostatice ale chihlimbarului, iar chinezii puteau face magneți bruți din pietre magnetice (cca <a href="/w/index.php?title=Secolul_XXVIII_%C3%AE.Hr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secolul XXVIII î.Hr. — pagină inexistentă">2700 î.Hr.</a>), până la sfârșitul <a href="/wiki/Secolul_XVIII" class="mw-redirect" title="Secolul XVIII">secolului al XVIII-lea</a> nu s-au realizat experimente asupra fenomenelor electrice și magnetice documentate. În <a href="/wiki/1785" title="1785">1785</a> fizicianul francez <a href="/wiki/Charles-Augustin_de_Coulomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles-Augustin de Coulomb">Charles-Augustin de Coulomb</a> a fost primul care a confirmat pe cale experimentală faptul că sarcinile electrice se atrag sau se resping pe baza unei legi similare cu cea a gravitației. Matematicienii <a href="/wiki/Simeon_Denis_Poisson" class="mw-redirect" title="Simeon Denis Poisson">Simeon Denis Poisson</a> și <a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss">Carl Friedrich Gauss</a> au dezvoltat o teorie cu privire la distribuirea arbitrară a sarcinilor electrice. </p><p>O particulă încărcată cu o sarcină pozitivă atrage o particulă încărcată negativ, tinzând să accelereze spre aceasta. Dacă aceasta întâmpină rezistență din partea mediului prin care trece, viteza sa se micșorează iar mediul suferă o încălzire. Posibilitatea de a menține un <a href="/wiki/Flux_electric" title="Flux electric">flux electric</a> ce ar continua să conducă particulele încărcate cu sarcini a fost observată de fizicianul italian <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Volta" title="Alessandro Volta">Alessandro Volta</a> în <a href="/wiki/1800" title="1800">1800</a>. Clasica teorie a unui circuit simplu presupune ca cele două borne ale unei baterii să fie încărcate cu sarcini diferite, ca o consecință a proprietăților interne ale acesteia. Când cele două borne sunt conectate printr-un conductor, particulele încărcate negativ vor fi "împinse" spre borna pozitivă iar acest proces va încălzi firul, acesta opunând rezistență mișcării. Când particulele ajung la borna pozitivă, bateria le va forța în interior spre borna negativă, învingând forțele de rezistență formulate în <a href="/wiki/Legea_lui_Coulomb" title="Legea lui Coulomb">legea lui Coulomb</a>. Fizicianul german <a href="/wiki/Georg_Simon_Ohm" title="Georg Simon Ohm">Georg Simon Ohm</a> a descoperit existența unei constante a conductorului, ca proporție între intensitatea și rezistența acestuia. <a href="/wiki/Legea_lui_Ohm" title="Legea lui Ohm">Legea lui Ohm</a> nu este universal valabilă în fizică, ci mai degrabă descrie caracteristicile unel clase limitate de materiale solide. </p> <table class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks" style="float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;color:var(--color-base, #000) !important;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fizica_modern%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fizica modernă — pagină inexistentă">Fizica modernă</a></th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0.2em 0 0.4em"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\hat {H}}|\psi _{n}(t)\rangle =i\hbar {\frac {\partial }{\partial t}}|\psi _{n}(t)\rangle }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>H</mi> <mo stretchy="false">^</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>ψ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mi class="MJX-variant">ℏ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>ψ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\hat {H}}|\psi _{n}(t)\rangle =i\hbar {\frac {\partial }{\partial t}}|\psi _{n}(t)\rangle }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/03b24b7ca95f4810737a9b44ce50173911b134e0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:24.129ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\hat {H}}|\psi _{n}(t)\rangle =i\hbar {\frac {\partial }{\partial t}}|\psi _{n}(t)\rangle }"></span> <br /><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{{c}^{2}}}{\frac {{\partial }^{2}{\phi }_{n}}{{\partial t}^{2}}}-{{\nabla }^{2}{\phi }_{n}}+{\left({\frac {mc}{\hbar }}\right)}^{2}{\phi }_{n}=0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>ϕ</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>ϕ</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> <mi class="MJX-variant">ℏ</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>ϕ</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{{c}^{2}}}{\frac {{\partial }^{2}{\phi }_{n}}{{\partial t}^{2}}}-{{\nabla }^{2}{\phi }_{n}}+{\left({\frac {mc}{\hbar }}\right)}^{2}{\phi }_{n}=0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c29e013d0d1fe7ad93e0ae91cac4c0a4121b406b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:34.587ex; height:6.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{{c}^{2}}}{\frac {{\partial }^{2}{\phi }_{n}}{{\partial t}^{2}}}-{{\nabla }^{2}{\phi }_{n}}+{\left({\frac {mc}{\hbar }}\right)}^{2}{\phi }_{n}=0}"></span><div style="padding-top:0.2em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:90%;padding-top:0.4em;font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Ecua%C8%9Bia_lui_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Ecuația lui Schrödinger">Ecuația lui Schrödinger</a> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecua%C8%9Bia_Klein%E2%80%93Gordon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ecuația Klein–Gordon — pagină inexistentă">Ecuația Klein–Gordon</a></div></td></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:inherit;color:var(--color-base, #000) !important;text-align:left;background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;">Fondatori</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Max Planck</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Max Born</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Werner Heisenberg</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Erwin Schrödinger</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pascual_Jordan" title="Pascual Jordan">Pascual Jordan</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Wolfgang Pauli</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">Louis de Broglie</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Satyendra_Nath_Bose" title="Satyendra Nath Bose">Satyendra Nath Bose</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:inherit;color:var(--color-base, #000) !important;text-align:left;background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;">Concepte</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Spa%C8%9Biu" title="Spațiu">Spațiu</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Timp" title="Timp">Timp</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Energie" title="Energie">Energie</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Materie" title="Materie">Materie</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Lucru_mecanic" title="Lucru mecanic">Lucru mecanic</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Aleatoriu" title="Aleatoriu">Aleatoriu</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Informa%C8%9Bie" title="Informație">Informație</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Entropie" title="Entropie">Entropie</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Minte" title="Minte">Minte</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Lumin%C4%83" title="Lumină">Lumină</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Particul%C4%83" title="Particulă">Particulă</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Und%C4%83" title="Undă">Undă</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:inherit;color:var(--color-base, #000) !important;text-align:left;background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;">Ramuri</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Fizic%C4%83_aplicat%C4%83" title="Fizică aplicată">Aplicată</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Fizic%C4%83_experimental%C4%83" title="Fizică experimentală">Experimentală</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Fizic%C4%83_teoretic%C4%83" title="Fizică teoretică">Teoretică</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Filosofia_%C8%99tiin%C8%9Bei" class="mw-redirect" title="Filosofia științei">Filosofia științei</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Filosofia_fizicii" class="mw-redirect" title="Filosofia fizicii">Filosofia fizicii</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Logic%C4%83_matematic%C4%83" title="Logică matematică">Logică matematică</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Fizic%C4%83_matematic%C4%83" title="Fizică matematică">Fizică matematică</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Supersimetrie" title="Supersimetrie">Supersimetrie</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Teoria_coardelor" title="Teoria coardelor">Teoria coardelor</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Teoria_M" title="Teoria M">Teoria M</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marea_teorie_unificat%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marea teorie unificată — pagină inexistentă">Marea teorie unificată</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Modelul_standard" title="Modelul standard">Modelul standard</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Mecanic%C4%83_cuantic%C4%83" title="Mecanică cuantică">Mecanică cuantică</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Teoria_cuantic%C4%83_a_c%C3%A2mpurilor" title="Teoria cuantică a câmpurilor">Teoria cuantică a câmpurilor</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Antiparticul%C4%83" title="Antiparticulă">Antiparticulă</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Antimaterie" title="Antimaterie">Antimaterie</a> <br /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Electromagnetism</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Electrodinamic%C4%83_cuantic%C4%83" title="Electrodinamică cuantică">Electrodinamică cuantică</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Interac%C8%9Biune_slab%C4%83" title="Interacțiune slabă">Interacțiune slabă</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Interac%C8%9Biune_electroslab%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interacțiune electroslabă — pagină inexistentă">Interacțiune electroslabă</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Interac%C8%9Biune_tare" title="Interacțiune tare">Interacțiune tare</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Cromodinamic%C4%83_cuantic%C4%83" title="Cromodinamică cuantică">Cromodinamică cuantică</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Fizic%C4%83_atomic%C4%83" title="Fizică atomică">Fizică atomică</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Fizica_particulelor_elementare" title="Fizica particulelor elementare">Fizica particulelor elementare</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Fizic%C4%83_nuclear%C4%83" title="Fizică nucleară">Fizică nucleară</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Materie_exotic%C4%83" title="Materie exotică">Materie exotică</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bosonul_Higgs" title="Bosonul Higgs">Bosonul Higgs</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Fizic%C4%83_atomic%C4%83_%C8%99i_molecular%C4%83" title="Fizică atomică și moleculară">Fizică atomică și moleculară</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Fizica_materiei_condensate" title="Fizica materiei condensate">Fizica materiei condensate</a> <br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Informa%C8%9Bie_cuantic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Informație cuantică — pagină inexistentă">Informație cuantică</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Calculator_cuantic" title="Calculator cuantic">Calculator cuantic</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spintronic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spintronică — pagină inexistentă">Spintronică</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Superconductivitate" class="mw-redirect" title="Superconductivitate">Superconductivitate</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Sistem_dinamic" title="Sistem dinamic">Sistem dinamic</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotonic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fotonică — pagină inexistentă">Fotonică</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biofizic%C4%83" title="Biofizică">Biofizică</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neurofizic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neurofizică — pagină inexistentă">Neurofizică</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minte_cuantic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minte cuantică — pagină inexistentă">Minte cuantică</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Plasm%C4%83" title="Plasmă">Plasmă</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Teoria_relativit%C4%83%C8%9Bii_restr%C3%A2nse" title="Teoria relativității restrânse">Relativitate restrânsă</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Teoria_relativit%C4%83%C8%9Bii_generale" title="Teoria relativității generale">Relaivitate generală</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Materie_%C3%AEntunecat%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Materie întunecată">Materie întunecată</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Energie_%C3%AEntunecat%C4%83" title="Energie întunecată">Energie întunecată</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haos_cuantic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haos cuantic — pagină inexistentă">Haos cuantic</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emergen%C8%9B%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emergență — pagină inexistentă">Emergență</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistem_complex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistem complex — pagină inexistentă">Sistem complex</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Gaur%C4%83_neagr%C4%83" title="Gaură neagră">Gaură neagră</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Principiul_holografic" title="Principiul holografic">Principiul holografic</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Astrofizic%C4%83" title="Astrofizică">Astrofizică</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Univers_observabil" title="Univers observabil">Univers observabil</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang">Big Bang</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Cosmologie" title="Cosmologie">Cosmologie</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Gravita%C8%9Bie" title="Gravitație">Gravitație</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gravita%C8%9Bie_cuantic%C4%83" title="Gravitație cuantică">Gravitație cuantică</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Teoria_%C3%AEntregului" title="Teoria întregului">Teoria întregului</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Multivers" title="Multivers">Multivers</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:inherit;color:var(--color-base, #000) !important;text-align:left;background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;">Oameni de știință</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Witten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Witten — pagină inexistentă">Witten</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6ntgen" title="Wilhelm Röntgen">Röntgen</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Henri_Becquerel" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri Becquerel">Becquerel</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Lorentz</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Planck</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">Curie</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wien" title="Wilhelm Wien">Wien</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Skłodowska-Curie</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Sommerfeld" title="Arnold Sommerfeld">Sommerfeld</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Rutherford</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Soddy" title="Frederick Soddy">Soddy</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes">Onnes</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wilczek" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Wilczek">Wilczek</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Born</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermann_Weyl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermann Weyl — pagină inexistentă">Weyl</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Bohr</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Schrödinger</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">de Broglie</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Max_von_Laue" title="Max von Laue">Laue</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Satyendra_Nath_Bose" title="Satyendra Nath Bose">Bose</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Compton" title="Arthur Compton">Compton</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Pauli</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Walton" title="Ernest Walton">Walton</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Fermi</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals">van der Waals</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Heisenberg</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Freeman_Dyson" class="mw-redirect" title="Freeman Dyson">Dyson</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman">Zeeman</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Moseley" title="Henry Moseley">Moseley</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/David_Hilbert" title="David Hilbert">Hilbert</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Kurt_G%C3%B6del" title="Kurt Gödel">Gödel</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Pascual_Jordan" title="Pascual Jordan">Jordan</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Dirac</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wigner" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene Wigner">Wigner</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hawking" title="Stephen Hawking">Hawking</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Philip_Warren_Anderson" title="Philip Warren Anderson">P. W. Anderson</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Georges_Lema%C3%AEtre" title="Georges Lemaître">Lemaître</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir_George_Paget_Thomson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sir George Paget Thomson — pagină inexistentă">Thomson</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Henri_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Henri Poincaré">Poincaré</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Archibald_Wheeler" title="John Archibald Wheeler">Wheeler</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Penrose</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_A._Millikan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert A. Millikan — pagină inexistentă">Millikan</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Nambu</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/John_von_Neumann" title="John von Neumann">von Neumann</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Higgs</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Hahn</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Feynman</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yang_Chen-Ning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yang Chen-Ning — pagină inexistentă">Yang</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tsung-Dao_Lee" title="Tsung-Dao Lee">Lee</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Lenard" title="Philipp Lenard">Lenard</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Salam</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerard_%27t_Hooft&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerard 't Hooft — pagină inexistentă">'t Hooft</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/John_Stewart_Bell" title="John Stewart Bell">Bell</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Gell-Mann</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/J._J._Thomson" class="mw-redirect" title="J. J. Thomson">J. J. Thomson</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/C._V._Raman" class="mw-redirect" title="C. V. Raman">Raman</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Bragg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lawrence Bragg — pagină inexistentă">Bragg</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/William_Shockley" class="mw-redirect" title="William Shockley">Shockley</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">Chadwick</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ernest_O._Lawrence" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest O. Lawrence">Lawrence</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Anton_Zeilinger" title="Anton Zeilinger">Zeilinger</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Goudsmit" title="Samuel Goudsmit">Goudsmit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/George_Uhlenbeck" title="George Uhlenbeck">Uhlenbeck</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:inherit;color:var(--color-base, #000) !important;text-align:left;background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;">Categorii</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"><div class="CategoryTreeTag" data-ct-options="{"mode":0,"hideprefix":20,"showcount":false,"namespaces":false,"notranslations":false}"><span class="CategoryTreeNotice">Categoria <i>Fizică modernă</i> nu a fost găsită</span></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td style="text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding-top: 0.6em;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Format:Fizica_modern%C4%83" title="Format:Fizica modernă"><abbr title="Vizualizează acest format">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Fizica_modern%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Fizica modernă — pagină inexistentă"><abbr title="Discută acest format">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Fizica_modern%C4%83&action=edit"><abbr title="Modifică acest format">m</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Primele concepte asupra magnetismlui bazate pe existența a doi poli magnetici au apărut în <a href="/wiki/Secolul_XVII" class="mw-redirect" title="Secolul XVII">secolul XVII</a> și în mare parte datorită experimentelor lui Coulomb. </p><p>Prima legătură între magnetism și electricitate a fost făcuta prin intermediul experimentelor fizicianului danez <a href="/wiki/Hans_Christian_Oersted" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans Christian Oersted">Hans Christian Oersted</a>, care în <a href="/wiki/1819" title="1819">1819</a> a descoperit că un ac magnetic poate fi deviat cu ajutorul unui conductor sub tensiune electrică. La o săptâmană de la aflarea acestei descoperiri, cercetătorul francez <a href="/wiki/Andre_Marie_Ampere" class="mw-redirect" title="Andre Marie Ampere">Andre Marie Ampere</a> va demonstra că doi conductori purtători de curent electric se vor comporta ca și cei doi poli ai unui <a href="/wiki/Magnet" title="Magnet">magnet</a>. </p><p>În <a href="/wiki/1831" title="1831">1831</a> fizicianul și chimistul englez <a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Michael Faraday</a> a descoperit că un curent electric poate fi indus într-un fir și fără conectarea acestuia la o baterie, fie prin mișcarea unui magnet, fie prin plasarea altui conductor cu un curent variabil în vecinătatea conductorului în care se dorește generat curentul. Legătura dintre electricitate și magnetism poate fi cel mai bine redată în termeni asociați câmpului magnetic sau forței ce acționează într-un anume punct asupra unei sarcini electrice. </p><p>Sarcinile electrice staționare produc câmpuri electrice; curenții – sarcini electrice mobile – produc câmpuri magnetice. Aceste descoperiri au fost redate într-o formă precisă de către fizicianul englez <a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">James Clerk Maxwell</a> care în formularea ecuațiilor diferențiale care îi poartă numele a găsit relația dintre locul și perioada schimbării câmpurilor electrice și magnetice într-un anumit punct și respectiv sarcina și densitatea curentului în acel punct. În principiu, aceste ecuații permit determinarea intensității câmpului oriunde și în orice moment printr-o cunoaștere a sarcinilor electrice și a curenților. </p><p>Intervalul 1840-1850 este caracterizat printr-o succesiune densă de descoperiri experimentale în acest sector științific<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Un rezultat neașteptat obținut prin descoperirea acestor ecuații a fost intuirea unui nou tip de câmp magnetic, care se propagă cu viteza luminii sub forma <a href="/wiki/Unde_electromagnetice" class="mw-redirect" title="Unde electromagnetice">undelor electromagnetice</a>. În <a href="/wiki/1887" title="1887">1887</a> fizicianul german <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rudolf_Hertz" class="mw-redirect" title="Heinrich Rudolf Hertz">Heinrich Rudolf Hertz</a> a reușit să genereze asemenea unde, punând astfel bazele transmisiilor de radio, radar, televiziune și altor forme de telecomunicații. </p><p>Proprietățile câmpurilor magnetice și electrice ale acestor unde sunt similare cu cele ale unei sfori lungi, întinse, al carei capăt este mișcat foarte repede în sus și în jos. </p><p>În orice punct ales, sfoara va fi observată ca oscilând cu aceeași frecvență și respectiv cu aceeași perioadă ca și sursa. Punctele alese de-a lungul sforii la diferite distanțe de sursă vor ajunge în punctul maxim pe axa verticală într-un sistem cartezian la momente diferite în timp. </p><p>Viteza cu care se propagă mișcarea verticală de-a lungul sforii din analogia precedentă se numește <i>viteza undei electromagnetice</i> în cazul acesteia, ea fiind o funcție de spațiu, masă și tensiune electrică. Un instantaneu asupra sforii (după ce a fost în mișcare) va arăta puncte având aceeași dispunere și mișcare, separate de o distanță numită <i>lungimea de unda</i>. Aceasta este egală cu viteza undei raportată la frecvență. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mărimi_și_unități"><span id="M.C4.83rimi_.C8.99i_unit.C4.83.C8.9Bi"></span>Mărimi și unități</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electromagnetism&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Mărimi și unități" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electromagnetism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Mărimi și unități"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5">Unități <a href="/wiki/Sistemul_interna%C8%9Bional_de_unit%C4%83%C8%9Bi" title="Sistemul internațional de unități">SI</a> în <a class="mw-selflink selflink">electromagnetism</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Simbol mărime </th> <th>Mărime electrică </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Unitate_de_m%C4%83sur%C4%83" title="Unitate de măsură">Unitate de măsură</a> (UM) </th> <th>Simbol UM </th> <th>Transformare în UM fundamentale </th></tr> <tr> <td>I </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Intensitatea_curentului_electric" title="Intensitatea curentului electric">Intensitatea curentului electric</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amper" title="Amper">amper</a> </td> <td>A </td> <td>A = W/V = C/s </td></tr> <tr> <td>q </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cantitate_de_electricitate" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantitate de electricitate">Cantitate de electricitate</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Coulomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Coulomb">coulomb</a> </td> <td>C </td> <td>A·s </td></tr> <tr> <td>U </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tensiune_electric%C4%83" title="Tensiune electrică">Diferență de potențial</a>; <a href="/wiki/For%C8%9B%C4%83_electromotoare" title="Forță electromotoare">Forță electromotoare</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">volt</a> </td> <td>V </td> <td>J/C = kg·m<sup>2</sup>·s<sup>−3</sup>·A<sup>−1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>R, Z, X </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rezisten%C8%9B%C4%83_electric%C4%83" title="Rezistență electrică">Rezistență</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Impedan%C8%9B%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Impedanță — pagină inexistentă">Impedanță</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reactan%C8%9B%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reactanță — pagină inexistentă">Reactanță</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ohm_(unitate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohm (unitate)">ohm</a> </td> <td>Ω </td> <td>V/A = kg·m<sup>2</sup>·s<sup>−3</sup>·A<sup>−2</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ρ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rezistivitate_electric%C4%83" title="Rezistivitate electrică">Rezistivitate</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ohm_(unitate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohm (unitate)">ohm</a> <a href="/wiki/Metru" title="Metru">metru</a> </td> <td>Ω·m </td> <td>kg·m<sup>3</sup>·s<sup>−3</sup>·A<sup>−2</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>P </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Putere_electric%C4%83" title="Putere electrică">Putere electrică</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">watt</a> </td> <td>W </td> <td>V·A = kg·m<sup>2</sup>·s<sup>−3</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>C </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Capacitate_electric%C4%83" title="Capacitate electrică">Capacitate electrică</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Farad" title="Farad">farad</a> </td> <td>F </td> <td>C/V = kg<sup>−1</sup>·m<sup>−2</sup>·A<sup>2</sup>·s<sup>4</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elastan%C8%9B%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elastanță — pagină inexistentă">Elastanță</a> </td> <td>1 / <a href="/wiki/Farad" title="Farad">farad</a> </td> <td>F<sup>−1</sup> </td> <td>V/C = kg·m<sup>2</sup>·A<sup>−2</sup>·s<sup>−4</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ε </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permitivitate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Permitivitate — pagină inexistentă">Permitivitate</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Farad" title="Farad">farad</a> pe <a href="/wiki/Metru" title="Metru">metru</a> </td> <td>F/m </td> <td>kg<sup>−1</sup>·m<sup>−3</sup>·A<sup>2</sup>·s<sup>4</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>χ<sub>e</sub> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Susceptibilitate_electric%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susceptibilitate electrică — pagină inexistentă">Susceptibilitate electrică</a> </td> <td>(adimensional) </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>G, Y, B </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductan%C8%9B%C4%83_electric%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conductanță electrică — pagină inexistentă">Conductanță</a>, <a href="/wiki/Admitan%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Admitanță">Admitanță</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Susceptan%C8%9B%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susceptanță — pagină inexistentă">Susceptanță</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Siemens_(unitate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siemens (unitate)">siemens</a> </td> <td>S </td> <td>Ω<sup>−1</sup> = kg<sup>−1</sup>·m<sup>−2</sup>·s<sup>3</sup>·A<sup>2</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>σ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conductivitate_electric%C4%83" title="Conductivitate electrică">Conductivitate</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Siemens_(unitate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siemens (unitate)">siemens</a> pe <a href="/wiki/Metru" title="Metru">metru</a> </td> <td>S/m </td> <td>kg<sup>−1</sup>·m<sup>−3</sup>·s<sup>3</sup>·A<sup>2</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>H </td> <td><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A2mp_magnetic" title="Câmp magnetic">Câmp magnetic, Intensitatea câmpului magnetic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amper" title="Amper">amper</a> pe <a href="/wiki/Metru" title="Metru">metru</a> </td> <td>A/m </td> <td>A·m<sup>−1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Φ<sub>m</sub> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flux_magnetic" title="Flux magnetic">Flux magnetic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Weber_(unitate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Weber (unitate)"> weber</a> </td> <td>Wb </td> <td>V·s = kg·m<sup>2</sup>·s<sup>−2</sup>·A<sup>−1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>B </td> <td><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A2mp_magnetic" title="Câmp magnetic">Densitatea fluxului magnetic, Inducție magnetică, Forța câmpului magnetic</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tesla_(unit)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tesla (unit) — pagină inexistentă">tesla</a> </td> <td>T </td> <td>Wb/m<sup>2</sup> = kg·s<sup>−2</sup>·A<sup>−1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reluctan%C8%9B%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reluctanță — pagină inexistentă">Reluctanță</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amper" title="Amper">amper</a> pe <a href="/wiki/Weber_(unitate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Weber (unitate)">weber</a> </td> <td>A/Wb </td> <td>kg<sup>−1</sup>·m<sup>−2</sup>·s<sup>2</sup>·A<sup>2</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>L </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inductan%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Inductanță">Inductanță</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Henry_(inductan%C8%9B%C4%83)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry (inductanță)">henry</a> </td> <td>H </td> <td>Wb/A = V·s/A = kg·m<sup>2</sup>·s<sup>−2</sup>·A<sup>−2</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>μ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Permeabilitate_(electromagnetism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Permeabilitate (electromagnetism)">Permeabilitate</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Henry_(inductan%C8%9B%C4%83)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry (inductanță)">henry</a> pe <a href="/wiki/Metru" title="Metru">metru</a> </td> <td>H/m </td> <td>kg·m<sup></sup>·s<sup>−2</sup>·A<sup>−2</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>χ<sub>m</sub> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Susceptibilitate_magnetic%C4%83" title="Susceptibilitate magnetică">Susceptibilitate magnetică</a> </td> <td>(adimensional) </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><span style=";;border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Electromagnetism" title="Format:Electromagnetism"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Electromagnetism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Electromagnetism — pagină inexistentă"><span title="Discuție format" style=";;border:none;;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Electromagnetism&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";;border:none;;">m</span></a></span></div></div><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Electromagnetism</a></span> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Electrostatic%C4%83" title="Electrostatică">Electrostatică</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A2mp_electric" title="Câmp electric">Câmp electric</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Electret" title="Electret">Electret</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flux_electric" title="Flux electric">Flux electric</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Generator_electrostatic" title="Generator electrostatic">Generator electrostatic</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Izolator_(electricitate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Izolator (electricitate)">Izolator (electricitate)</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Legea_lui_Coulomb" title="Legea lui Coulomb">Legea lui Coulomb</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Moment_electric_dipolar" title="Moment electric dipolar">Moment electric dipolar</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Poten%C8%9Bial_electric" title="Potențial electric">Potențial electric</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sarcin%C4%83_electric%C4%83" title="Sarcină electrică">Sarcină electrică</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Teorema_lui_Earnshaw" title="Teorema lui Earnshaw">Teorema lui Earnshaw</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Triboelectricitate" title="Triboelectricitate">Triboelectricitate</a></span> </p> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Magnetostatic%C4%83" title="Magnetostatică">Magnetostatică</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A2mp_magnetic" title="Câmp magnetic">Câmp magnetic</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A2mp_electromagnetic" title="Câmp electromagnetic">Câmp electromagnetic</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Curent_electric" title="Curent electric">Curent electric</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flux_magnetic" title="Flux magnetic">Flux magnetic</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Legea_Biot-Savart" title="Legea Biot-Savart">Legea Biot-Savart</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legea_lui_Amp%C3%A8re_(circuit)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legea lui Ampère (circuit) — pagină inexistentă">Legea lui Ampère (circuit)</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legea_lui_Amp%C3%A8re_(for%C8%9B%C4%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legea lui Ampère (forță) — pagină inexistentă">Legea lui Ampère (forță)</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Magnet" title="Magnet">Magnet</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Magnetism" title="Magnetism">Magnetism</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Moment_magnetic" title="Moment magnetic">Moment magnetic</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Intensitate_a_c%C3%A2mpului_magnetic" title="Intensitate a câmpului magnetic">Intensitate a câmpului magnetic</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Permeabilitate_magnetic%C4%83" title="Permeabilitate magnetică">Permeabilitate magnetică</a></span> </p> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Electrodinamic%C4%83" title="Electrodinamică">Electrodinamică</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ecua%C8%9Biile_lui_Maxwell" title="Ecuațiile lui Maxwell">Ecuațiile lui Maxwell</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">Electron</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/For%C8%9B%C4%83_Lorentz" title="Forță Lorentz">Forță Lorentz</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Induc%C8%9Bie_electromagnetic%C4%83" title="Inducție electromagnetică">Inducție electromagnetică</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Legea_induc%C8%9Biei_electromagnetice" title="Legea inducției electromagnetice">Legea inducției electromagnetice</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Optic%C4%83_ondulatorie" title="Optică ondulatorie">Optică ondulatorie</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sistemul_de_unit%C4%83%C8%9Bi_CGS_%C3%AEn_electromagnetism" title="Sistemul de unități CGS în electromagnetism">Sistemul de unități CGS în electromagnetism</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teorema_lui_Poynting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teorema lui Poynting — pagină inexistentă">Teorema lui Poynting</a></span> </p> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Circuite electrice<br /><a href="/wiki/Electrotehnic%C4%83" title="Electrotehnică">Electrotehnică</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Bobin%C4%83" title="Bobină">Bobină</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Electromagnet" title="Electromagnet">Electromagnet</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Transformator" title="Transformator">‎Transformator</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Condensator_electric" title="Condensator electric">Condensator electric</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Bobin%C4%83_Helmholtz" title="Bobină Helmholtz">Bobină Helmholtz</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Inductan%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Inductanță">Inductanță</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Legea_lui_Lenz" title="Legea lui Lenz">Legea lui Lenz</a></span> </p> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Unde electromagnetice<br /><a href="/wiki/Radiotehnic%C4%83" title="Radiotehnică">Radiotehnică</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Dispersia_undelor_electromagnetice" title="Dispersia undelor electromagnetice">Dispersia undelor electromagnetice</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Radia%C8%9Bie" title="Radiație">Radiație</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Radia%C8%9Bie_electromagnetic%C4%83" title="Radiație electromagnetică">Radiație electromagnetică</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Radia%C8%9Bie_gamma" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiație gamma">Radiație gamma</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Radiodifuziune" title="Radiodifuziune">Radiodifuziune</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Radioloca%C8%9Bie" title="Radiolocație">Radiolocație</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> </span> </p> </div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16513826">.mw-parser-output .navbox{margin:0 auto 0}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output 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style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><span style=";;border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Ramurile_fizicii" title="Format:Ramurile fizicii"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Ramurile_fizicii" title="Discuție Format:Ramurile fizicii"><span title="Discuție format" style=";;border:none;;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Ramurile_fizicii&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";;border:none;;">m</span></a></span></div></div><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;"><a href="/wiki/Fizic%C4%83" title="Fizică">Ramurile fizicii</a></span> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Diviziuni generale </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Fizic%C4%83_aplicat%C4%83" title="Fizică aplicată">Fizică aplicată</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Fizic%C4%83_experimental%C4%83" title="Fizică experimentală">Fizică experimentală</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Fizic%C4%83_teoretic%C4%83" title="Fizică teoretică">Fizică teoretică</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Energie" title="Energie">Energie</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mi%C8%99care_(fizic%C4%83)" title="Mișcare (fizică)">Mișcare</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Termodinamic%C4%83" title="Termodinamică">Termodinamică</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Calorimetrie" title="Calorimetrie">Calorimetrie</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mecanic%C4%83" title="Mecanică">Mecanică</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mecanic%C4%83_clasic%C4%83" title="Mecanică clasică">Mecanică clasică</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mecanica_mediilor_continue" title="Mecanica mediilor continue">Mecanica mediilor continue</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mecanic%C4%83_cereasc%C4%83" title="Mecanică cerească">Mecanică cerească</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mecanic%C4%83_statistic%C4%83" title="Mecanică statistică">Mecanică statistică</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mecanica_fluidelor" title="Mecanica fluidelor">Mecanica fluidelor</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mecanic%C4%83_cuantic%C4%83" title="Mecanică cuantică">Mecanică cuantică</a>)</div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Und%C4%83" title="Undă">Unde</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A2mp_(fizic%C4%83)" title="Câmp (fizică)">Câmpuri</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Gravita%C8%9Bie" title="Gravitație">Gravitație</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Electromagnetism</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Teoria_cuantic%C4%83_a_c%C3%A2mpurilor" title="Teoria cuantică a câmpurilor">Teoria cuantică a câmpurilor</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Teoria_relativit%C4%83%C8%9Bii" title="Teoria relativității">Relativitate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Teoria_relativit%C4%83%C8%9Bii_restr%C3%A2nse" title="Teoria relativității restrânse">restrânsă</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Teoria_relativit%C4%83%C8%9Bii_generale" title="Teoria relativității generale">generală</a>)</div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">După specialitate </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Accelerator_(tehnic%C4%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Accelerator (tehnică) — pagină inexistentă">Accelerator</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Acustic%C4%83" title="Acustică">Acustică</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Astrofizic%C4%83" title="Astrofizică">Astrofizică</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fizic%C4%83_spa%C8%9Bial%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fizică spațială — pagină inexistentă">Fizică spațială</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Chimie_fizic%C4%83" title="Chimie fizică">Fizică chimică</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fizic%C4%83_computa%C8%9Bional%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fizică computațională — pagină inexistentă">Fizică computațională</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Fizica_materiei_condensate" title="Fizica materiei condensate">Fizica materiei condensate</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Inginerie_fizic%C4%83" title="Inginerie fizică">Inginerie fizică</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Fizic%C4%83_matematic%C4%83" title="Fizică matematică">Fizică matematică</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Fizic%C4%83_nuclear%C4%83" title="Fizică nucleară">Fizică nucleară</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Optic%C4%83" title="Optică">Optică</a> (<a href="/wiki/Optic%C4%83_geometric%C4%83" title="Optică geometrică">geometrică</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Optic%C4%83_cuantic%C4%83" title="Optică cuantică">cuantică</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Optic%C4%83_ondulatorie" title="Optică ondulatorie">ondulatorie</a>)  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Fizica_particulelor_elementare" title="Fizica particulelor elementare">Fizica particulelor elementare</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Plasm%C4%83" title="Plasmă">Fizica plasmei</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Fizic%C4%83_statistic%C4%83" title="Fizică statistică">Fizică statistică</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Spectroscopie" title="Spectroscopie">Spectroscopie</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Combinate cu<br />alte științe </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Biofizic%C4%83" title="Biofizică">Biofizică</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bioelectronic%C4%83" title="Bioelectronică">Bioelectronică</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Biomagnetism" title="Biomagnetism">Biomagnetism</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Biomecanic%C4%83" title="Biomecanică">Biomecanică</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Fizic%C4%83_medical%C4%83" title="Fizică medicală">medicală</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Neurobiofizic%C4%83" title="Neurobiofizică">Neurofizică</a>)  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Chimie_biofizic%C4%83" title="Chimie biofizică">Chimie biofizică</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Econofizic%C4%83" title="Econofizică">Econofizică</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Chimie_fizic%C4%83" title="Chimie fizică">Chimie fizică</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Geofizic%C4%83" title="Geofizică">Geofizică</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Psihofizic%C4%83" title="Psihofizică">Psihofizică</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826"> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" 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