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id="toc-Public_opinion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_reasons_for_opposition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_reasons_for_opposition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Religious reasons for opposition</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Religious_reasons_for_opposition-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Religious reasons for opposition subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Religious_reasons_for_opposition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Christian_opposition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christian_opposition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Christian opposition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christian_opposition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islamic_opposition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islamic_opposition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Islamic opposition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islamic_opposition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asian_religious_opposition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asian_religious_opposition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Asian religious opposition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asian_religious_opposition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scientology_opposition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scientology_opposition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Scientology opposition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scientology_opposition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opposition_in_different_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opposition_in_different_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Opposition in different countries</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Opposition_in_different_countries-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Opposition in different countries subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Opposition_in_different_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Belarus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belarus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Belarus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belarus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malaysia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malaysia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Malaysia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malaysia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indonesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indonesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Indonesia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indonesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Poland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Russia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Georgia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Georgia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Georgia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Georgia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9.1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1950s_and_1960s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1950s_and_1960s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9.1.1</span> <span>1950s and 1960s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1950s_and_1960s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1970s_and_1980s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1970s_and_1980s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9.1.2</span> <span>1970s and 1980s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1970s_and_1980s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1990s_and_2000s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1990s_and_2000s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9.1.3</span> <span>1990s and 2000s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1990s_and_2000s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010s_and_2020s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010s_and_2020s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9.1.4</span> <span>2010s and 2020s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010s_and_2020s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._public_opinion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._public_opinion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9.2</span> <span>U.S. public opinion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._public_opinion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States_Armed_Forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States_Armed_Forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9.3</span> <span>United States Armed Forces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States_Armed_Forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boy_Scouts_of_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boy_Scouts_of_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9.4</span> <span>Boy Scouts of America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boy_Scouts_of_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">LGBTQ rights opposition</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Антихомосексуално движение – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Антихомосексуално движение" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposizione_ai_diritti_LGBT" title="Opposizione ai diritti LGBT – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Opposizione ai diritti LGBT" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%96%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%98%22%D7%91" title="התנגדות לזכויות להט"ב – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="התנגדות לזכויות להט"ב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oposi%C3%A7%C3%A3o_aos_direitos_LGBT" title="Oposição aos direitos LGBT – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Oposição aos direitos LGBT" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%B0%8DLGBT%E6%AC%8A%E7%9B%8A" title="反對LGBT權益 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="反對LGBT權益" data-language-autonym="中文" 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style="background:#ffdd99;p">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Discrimination" title="Category:Discrimination">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%; line-height:1.0em; background:#ffdd99;"><a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">Discrimination</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.5em 0"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emojione_1F6AB.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Emojione_1F6AB.svg/70px-Emojione_1F6AB.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Emojione_1F6AB.svg/105px-Emojione_1F6AB.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Emojione_1F6AB.svg/140px-Emojione_1F6AB.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Forms</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_discrimination" title="Institutional discrimination">Institutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_discrimination" title="Structural discrimination">Structural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_discrimination_(economics)" title="Statistical discrimination (economics)">Statistical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taste-based_discrimination" title="Taste-based discrimination">Taste-based</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Attributes</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ageism" title="Ageism">Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">Caste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_discrimination" title="Class discrimination">Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialect_discrimination" title="Dialect discrimination">Dialect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ableism" title="Ableism">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_discrimination" title="Genetic discrimination">Genetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_hair_texture" title="Discrimination based on hair texture">Hair texture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Height_discrimination" title="Height discrimination">Height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_discrimination" title="Linguistic discrimination">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lookism" title="Lookism">Looks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanism" title="Sanism">Mental disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Race / Ethnicity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_skin_tone" title="Discrimination based on skin tone">Skin color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific racism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankism" title="Rankism">Rank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexism" title="Sexism">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_discrimination" title="Sexual orientation discrimination">Sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sizeism" title="Sizeism">Size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viewpoint_discrimination" title="Viewpoint discrimination">Viewpoint</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Social</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arophobia">Arophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_asexual_people" title="Discrimination against asexual people">Acephobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adultism" title="Adultism">Adultism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_people_with_albinism" title="Persecution of people with albinism">Anti-albinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_autistic_people" title="Discrimination against autistic people">Anti-autism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_homeless_people" title="Discrimination against homeless people">Anti-homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_drug_addicts" title="Discrimination against drug addicts">Anti-drug addicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-intellectualism" title="Anti-intellectualism">Anti-intellectualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_intersex_people" title="Discrimination against intersex people">Anti-intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias_against_left-handed_people" title="Bias against left-handed people">Anti-left handedness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonry" title="Anti-Masonry">Anti-Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aporophobia" title="Aporophobia">Aporophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audism" title="Audism">Audism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biphobia" title="Biphobia">Biphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clannism" class="mw-redirect" title="Clannism">Clannism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephebiphobia" title="Ephebiphobia">Ephebiphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health" title="Social determinants of health">Social determinants of health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health_in_poverty" title="Social determinants of health in poverty">Social determinants of health in poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_mental_health" title="Social determinants of mental health">Social determinants of mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma_of_obesity" title="Social stigma of obesity">Fatphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_gay_men" title="Discrimination against gay men">Gayphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontophobia" title="Gerontophobia">Gerontophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterosexism" title="Heterosexism">Heterosexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_people_with_HIV/AIDS" title="Discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">Homophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leprosy_stigma" title="Leprosy stigma">Leprosy stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesbophobia">Lesbophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_men" title="Discrimination against men">Discrimination against men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misandry" title="Misandry">Misandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misogyny" title="Misogyny">Misogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepotism" title="Nepotism">Nepotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fear_of_children" title="Fear of children">Pedophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_foreigner" title="Perpetual foreigner">Perpetual foreigner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_discrimination" title="Pregnancy discrimination">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarianism" title="Sectarianism">Sectarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supremacism" title="Supremacism">Supremacism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">Male</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">Transphobia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_non-binary_people" title="Discrimination against non-binary people">Non-binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Transmisogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_transgender_men" title="Discrimination against transgender men">Trans men</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegaphobia" title="Vegaphobia">Vegaphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">Xenophobia</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination" title="Religious discrimination">Religious</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_atheists" title="Discrimination against atheists">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusivism#Religious_exclusivism" title="Exclusivism">Exclusivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Persecution of Baháʼís">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Buddhists" title="Persecution of Buddhists">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Eastern_Orthodox_Christians" title="Persecution of Eastern Orthodox Christians">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mormonism" title="Anti-Mormonism">LDS or Mormon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Christianity" title="Persecution of Orthodox Tewahedo Christianity">Tewahedo Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_post%E2%80%93Cold_War_era" title="Persecution of Christians in the post–Cold War era">post–Cold War era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong" title="Persecution of Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hindu_sentiment" title="Anti-Hindu sentiment">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untouchability" title="Untouchability">Untouchability</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Muslims" title="Persecution of Muslims">Persecution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Ahmadis" title="Persecution of Ahmadis">Ahmadiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Shi%27ism" title="Anti-Shi'ism">Shi'ism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Sufis" title="Persecution of Sufis">Sufism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sunnism" title="Anti-Sunnism">Sunnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_minority_Muslim_groups" title="Persecution of minority Muslim groups">minority Muslim</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_antisemitism" title="Religious antisemitism">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">Persecution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination_against_modern_pagans" title="Religious discrimination against modern pagans">Neopaganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Protestantism" title="Anti-Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Rastafari" title="Persecution of Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sikh_sentiment" title="Anti-Sikh sentiment">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Yazidis" title="Persecution of Yazidis">Yazidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Zoroastrians" title="Persecution of Zoroastrians">Zoroastrianism</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Ethnic/<a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_nationality" title="Discrimination based on nationality">national</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Afghan_sentiment" title="Anti-Afghan sentiment">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-African_sentiment" title="Anti-African sentiment">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Albanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Albanian sentiment">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Arab_racism" title="Anti-Arab racism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Armenian_sentiment" title="Anti-Armenian sentiment">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_Asians" title="Racism against Asians">Asian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_France" title="Anti-Asian racism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_post-Apartheid_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Asian racism in post-Apartheid South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Asian racism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Assyrian_sentiment" title="Anti-Assyrian sentiment">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Azerbaijani_sentiment" title="Anti-Azerbaijani sentiment">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negrophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Negrophobia">Black people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_African_Americans" title="Racism against African Americans">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-black_discrimination_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-black discrimination in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-black_racism_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-black racism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Bengali_sentiment_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Bengali sentiment in India">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_for_the_Protection_of_Macedonian_National_Honor" class="mw-redirect" title="Law for the Protection of Macedonian National Honor">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catalan_sentiment" title="Anti-Catalan sentiment">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chechen_sentiment" title="Anti-Chechen sentiment">Chechen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Colombian_sentiment" title="Anti-Colombian sentiment">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Croat_sentiment" title="Anti-Croat sentiment">Croat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Filipino_sentiment" title="Anti-Filipino sentiment">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Fulani_sentiment" title="Anti-Fulani sentiment">Fulani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Finnish_sentiment" title="Anti-Finnish sentiment">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Georgian_sentiment" title="Anti-Georgian sentiment">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Greek_sentiment" title="Anti-Greek sentiment">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antihaitianismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Antihaitianismo">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hazaras" title="Persecution of Hazaras">Hazara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hungarian_sentiment" title="Anti-Hungarian sentiment">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Igbo_sentiment" title="Anti-Igbo sentiment">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Indian_sentiment" title="Anti-Indian sentiment">Indian</a></li> <li>Indigenous people <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Irish_sentiment" title="Anti-Irish sentiment">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Italianism" title="Anti-Italianism">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment" title="Anti-Japanese sentiment">Japanese</a></li> <li>Jewish <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_antisemitism" title="New antisemitism">New</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Korean_sentiment" title="Anti-Korean sentiment">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Kurdish_sentiment" title="Anti-Kurdish sentiment">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Lithuanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Lithuanian sentiment">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Malay_sentiment" title="Anti-Malay sentiment">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-M%C4%81ori_sentiment" title="Anti-Māori sentiment">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mexican_sentiment" title="Anti-Mexican sentiment">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti%E2%80%93Middle_Eastern_sentiment" title="Anti–Middle Eastern sentiment">Middle Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mongolianism" title="Anti-Mongolianism">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Nigerian_sentiment" title="Anti-Nigerian sentiment">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pakistan_sentiment" title="Anti-Pakistan sentiment">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism" title="Anti-Palestinianism">Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pashtun_sentiment" title="Anti-Pashtun sentiment">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Polish_sentiment" title="Anti-Polish sentiment">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Quebec_sentiment" title="Anti-Quebec sentiment">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romani_sentiment" title="Anti-Romani sentiment">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Romanian sentiment">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Scottish_sentiment" title="Anti-Scottish sentiment">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Serb_sentiment" title="Anti-Serb sentiment">Serb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Slavic_sentiment" title="Anti-Slavic sentiment">Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Somali_sentiment" title="Anti-Somali sentiment">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatarophobia" title="Tatarophobia">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Thai_sentiment" title="Anti-Thai sentiment">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Turkish_sentiment" title="Anti-Turkish sentiment">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Ukrainian_sentiment" title="Anti-Ukrainian sentiment">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Uyghur_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Uyghur sentiment">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_incidents_of_xenophobia_during_the_Venezuelan_refugee_crisis" title="List of incidents of xenophobia during the Venezuelan refugee crisis">Venezuelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Vietnamese_sentiment" title="Anti-Vietnamese sentiment">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Welsh_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Welsh sentiment">Welsh</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Manifestations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-LGBTQ_rhetoric" title="Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric">Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_organizations_designated_by_the_Southern_Poverty_Law_Center_as_anti-LGBTQ_hate_groups" title="List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as anti-LGBTQ hate groups">SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_anti-LGBTQ_movement_in_the_United_States" title="2020s anti-LGBTQ movement in the United States">Anti-LGBTQ movemenet in the US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">Anti-trans movement in the UK</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_libel" title="Blood libel">Blood libel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullying" title="Bullying">Bullying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancel_culture" title="Cancel culture">Cancel culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_for_homosexuality" title="Capital punishment for homosexuality">Capital punishment for homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_sterilization" title="Compulsory sterilization">Compulsory sterilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_rape" title="Corrective rape">Corrective rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-jihad" title="Counter-jihad">Counter-jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_genocide" title="Cultural genocide">Cultural genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">Defamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democide" title="Democide">Democide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_hate_crime" title="Disability hate crime">Disability hate crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_whistle_(politics)" title="Dog whistle (politics)">Dog whistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domicide" title="Domicide">Domicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_discrimination" title="Economic discrimination">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_in_education" title="Discrimination in education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_discrimination" title="Employment discrimination">Employment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliminationism" title="Eliminationism">Eliminationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enemy_of_the_people" title="Enemy of the people">Enemy of the people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">Ethnic cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_conflict" title="Ethnic conflict">Ethnic conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_hatred" title="Ethnic hatred">Ethnic hatred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_joke" title="Ethnic joke">Ethnic joke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocide" title="Ethnocide">Ethnocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_of_excellence" title="Discrimination of excellence">Excellence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-based_dress_codes" title="Gender-based dress codes">Gender-based dress codes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosmetics_policy" title="Cosmetics policy">Cosmetics policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_heel_policy" title="High heel policy">High heel policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_conversion" title="Forced conversion">Forced conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freak_show" title="Freak show">Freak show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_bashing" title="Gay bashing">Gay bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendercide" title="Gendercide">Gendercide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genital_modification_and_mutilation" title="Genital modification and mutilation">Genital modification and mutilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">Genocide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genocides_in_history" title="Genocides in history">examples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_ceiling" title="Glass ceiling">Glass ceiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">Hate crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_LGBTQ_people" title="Violence against LGBTQ people">LGBTQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_group" title="Hate group">Hate group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">Hate speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patient_dumping" title="Patient dumping">Homeless dumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_discrimination" title="Housing discrimination">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rolling" title="Indian rolling">Indian rolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kill_Haole_Day" title="Kill Haole Day">Kill Haole Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavender_scare" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavender scare">Lavender scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_grooming_conspiracy_theory" title="LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory">LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_killed_for_being_transgender" title="List of people killed for being transgender">List of people killed for being transgender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">Lynching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortgage_discrimination" title="Mortgage discrimination">Mortgage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Murder_Music" title="Stop Murder Music">Murder music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_mascot_controversy" title="Native American mascot controversy">Native American mascots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_segregation" title="Occupational segregation">Occupational segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration" title="Opposition to immigration">Opposition to immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_genocide" title="Paper genocide">Paper genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution" title="Persecution">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">Pogrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_repression" title="Political repression">Political repression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purge" title="Purge">Purge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racialization" title="Racialization">Racialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">Religious persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_terrorism" title="Religious terrorism">Religious terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence" title="Religious violence">Religious violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_war" title="Religious war">Religious war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scapegoating" title="Scapegoating">Scapegoating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segregation_academy" title="Segregation academy">Segregation academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">Sexual harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-selective_abortion" title="Sex-selective abortion">Sex-selective abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slut-shaming" title="Slut-shaming">Slut-shaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_transgender_people" title="Violence against transgender people">Trans bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victimisation" title="Victimisation">Victimisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_women" title="Violence against women">Violence against women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_flight" title="White flight">White flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">White genocide conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wife_selling" title="Wife selling">Wife selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_hunt" title="Witch hunt">Witch hunt</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Policies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_candidacy" title="Age of candidacy">Age of candidacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limpieza_de_sangre" title="Limpieza de sangre">Blood purity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_quantum_laws" title="Blood quantum laws">Blood quantum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_of_apartheid" title="Crime of apartheid">Crime of apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability" title="Disability">Disabilities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disabilities_(Catholics)" title="Disabilities (Catholics)">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_disabilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish disabilities">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_pay_gap" title="Gender pay gap">Gender pay gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_role" title="Gender role">Gender roles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontocracy" title="Gerontocracy">Gerontocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrymandering" title="Gerrymandering">Gerrymandering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_benches" title="Ghetto benches">Ghetto benches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internment" title="Internment">Internment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_quota" title="Jewish quota">Jewish quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_for_Protection_of_the_Nation" title="Law for Protection of the Nation">Law for Protection of the Nation</a></li> <li>LGBTQ rights opposition</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_donation_restrictions_on_men_who_have_sex_with_men" title="Blood donation restrictions on men who have sex with men">MSM blood donation restrictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_kid_zone" title="No kid zone">No kid zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerus_clausus" title="Numerus clausus"><i>Numerus clausus</i> (as religious or racial quota)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-drop_rule" title="One-drop rule">One-drop rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_quota" title="Racial quota">Racial quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">Racial segregation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_steering" title="Racial steering">Racial steering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redlining" title="Redlining">Redlining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_segregation" title="Geographical segregation">Segregation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_segregation" title="Age segregation">age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">racial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_segregation" title="Religious segregation">religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_segregation" title="Sex segregation">sexual</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodomy_law" title="Sodomy law">Sodomy law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_atheism" title="State atheism">State atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugly_law" title="Ugly law">Ugly law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voter_suppression" title="Voter suppression">Voter suppression</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Countermeasures</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action" title="Affirmative action">Affirmative action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-discrimination_law" title="Anti-discrimination law">Anti-discrimination law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-racism" title="Anti-racism">Anti-racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_colorblindness" title="Constitutional colorblindness">Constitutional colorblindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_assimilation" title="Cultural assimilation">Cultural assimilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_pluralism" title="Cultural pluralism">Cultural pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity,_equity,_and_inclusion" title="Diversity, equity, and inclusion">Diversity, equity, and inclusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_training" title="Diversity training">Diversity training</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empowerment" title="Empowerment">Empowerment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fat_acceptance_movement" title="Fat acceptance movement">Fat acceptance movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighting_Discrimination" title="Fighting Discrimination">Fighting Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech_laws_by_country" title="Hate speech laws by country">Hate speech laws by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_human_rights" title="Intersex human rights">Intersex human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights by country or territory">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_integration" title="Racial integration">Racial integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reappropriation" title="Reappropriation">Reappropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">Self-determination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_integration" title="Social integration">Social integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toleration" title="Toleration">Toleration</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allophilia" title="Allophilia">Allophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amatonormativity" title="Amatonormativity">Amatonormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias" title="Bias">Bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisnormativity" title="Cisnormativity">Cisnormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">Civil liberties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehumanization" title="Dehumanization">Dehumanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_(politics)" title="Diversity (politics)">Diversity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurodiversity" title="Neurodiversity">Neurodiversity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_penalty" title="Ethnic penalty">Ethnic penalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figleaf_(linguistics)" title="Figleaf (linguistics)">Figleaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-blind" title="Gender-blind">Gender-blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heteronormativity" title="Heteronormativity">Heteronormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_eugenics" title="History of eugenics">Historical eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internalized_oppression" title="Internalized oppression">Internalized oppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersectionality" title="Intersectionality">Intersectionality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masculism" title="Masculism">Masculism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_model_of_disability" title="Medical model of disability">Medical model of disability</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medical_model_of_autism" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical model of autism">autism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_bias" title="Net bias">Net bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oikophobia" title="Oikophobia">Oikophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppression" title="Oppression">Oppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_brutality" title="Police brutality">Police brutality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_correctness" title="Political correctness">Political correctness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyculturalism" title="Polyculturalism">Polyculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_distance" title="Power distance">Power distance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prejudice" title="Prejudice">Prejudice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_abuse" title="Prisoner abuse">Prisoner abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_bias_in_criminal_news_in_the_United_States" title="Racial bias in criminal news in the United States">Racial bias in criminal news in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_by_country" title="Racism by country">Racism by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_color_blindness" title="Racial color blindness">Racial color blindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_intolerance" title="Religious intolerance">Religious intolerance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_discrimination" title="Reverse discrimination">Reverse discrimination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_racism" title="Reverse racism">Reverse racism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-generation_gender_bias" title="Second-generation gender bias">Second-generation gender bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snob" title="Snob">Snobbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_identity_threat" title="Social identity threat">Social identity threat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_model_of_disability" title="Social model of disability">Social model of disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_privilege" title="Social privilege">Social privilege</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_privilege" title="Christian privilege">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_privilege" title="Male privilege">male</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_privilege" title="White privilege">white</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma" title="Social stigma">Social stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Speciesism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotype" title="Stereotype">Stereotype</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stereotype_threat" title="Stereotype threat">threat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_talk_(racism_in_the_United_States)" title="The talk (racism in the United States)">The talk</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Discrimination_sidebar" title="Template:Discrimination sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Discrimination_sidebar" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Discrimination sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Discrimination_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Discrimination sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:LGBTQ_rights" title="Category:LGBTQ rights">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding-bottom:0; background:#9d4d98;"><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_by_country_or_territory" title="LGBTQ rights by country or territory"><span style="color:white;">LGBTQ rights</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lambda-letter-lowercase-symbol-Garamond.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Greek letter "lambda""><img alt="The Greek letter "lambda"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Lambda-letter-lowercase-symbol-Garamond.svg/60px-Lambda-letter-lowercase-symbol-Garamond.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Lambda-letter-lowercase-symbol-Garamond.svg/90px-Lambda-letter-lowercase-symbol-Garamond.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Lambda-letter-lowercase-symbol-Garamond.svg/120px-Lambda-letter-lowercase-symbol-Garamond.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="698" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="border: none; padding-bottom: 3px;"> <a href="/wiki/Lesbian" title="Lesbian">Lesbian</a> ∙ <a href="/wiki/Gay_men" title="Gay men">Gay</a> ∙ <a href="/wiki/Bisexuality" title="Bisexuality">Bisexual</a> ∙ <a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">Transgender</a> ∙ <a href="/wiki/Queer" title="Queer">Queer</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#f2c9e2; padding-left: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)">Overview</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_by_country_or_territory" title="LGBTQ rights by country or territory">Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_movements" title="LGBTQ movements">Movements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_student_movement" title="LGBTQ student movement">Student</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_homosexual_movement" title="First homosexual movement">Germany (pre-1933)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_movements_in_the_United_States" title="LGBTQ movements in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_human_rights" title="Intersex human rights">Intersex rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Societal_attitudes_toward_homosexuality" title="Societal attitudes toward homosexuality">Social attitudes</a></li> <li>Transgender rights <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_transgender_people" title="Legal status of transgender people">Legal status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_movement" title="Transgender rights movement">Movement</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#f2c9e2; padding-left: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)">Aspects</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decriminalization_of_homosexuality" title="Decriminalization of homosexuality">Decriminalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">Marriage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_same-sex_marriage" title="Legal status of same-sex marriage">Legal status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_same-sex_marriage" title="Timeline of same-sex marriage">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_migration" title="LGBT migration">Migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_people_and_military_service" title="LGBT people and military service">Military service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_organization" title="LGBTQ rights organization">Organizations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ-related_organizations_and_conferences" title="List of LGBTQ-related organizations and conferences">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_parenting" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT parenting">Parenting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_adoption" title="Same-sex adoption">Adoption</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinkwashing_(LGBTQ)" title="Pinkwashing (LGBTQ)">Pinkwashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_relationship" title="Same-sex relationship">Relationship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_relationship#State_recognition_of_same-sex_couples" title="Same-sex relationship">Recognition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_union" title="Civil union">Union</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#f2c9e2; padding-left: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)">Opposition</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_LGBTQ_issues" title="Censorship of LGBTQ issues">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_therapy" title="Conversion therapy">Conversion therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_rape" title="Corrective rape">Corrective rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_discrimination" title="Sexual orientation discrimination">Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminalization_of_homosexuality" title="Criminalization of homosexuality">Criminalization of homosexuality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_for_homosexuality" title="Capital punishment for homosexuality">Execution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homophobic_propaganda" title="Homophobic propaganda">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-LGBTQ_rhetoric" title="Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric">Rhetoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_LGBT_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Violence against LGBT people">Violence</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#f2c9e2; padding-left: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_rights_organizations" title="List of LGBTQ rights organizations">LGBTQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bisexuality-related_organizations_and_conferences" title="List of bisexuality-related organizations and conferences">Bisexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_civil_society_organizations" title="Intersex civil society organizations">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_community_centre" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT community centre">Community centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_medical_organizations" title="List of LGBTQ medical organizations">Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBT_military_and_veteran_organizations" title="List of LGBT military and veteran organizations">Military and Veteran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_rights_organizations" title="List of LGBTQ rights organizations">Rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_transgender-rights_organizations" title="List of transgender-rights organizations">Transgender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_rights_organizations_in_the_United_States" title="List of LGBTQ rights organizations in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li>Religious <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:LGBTQ_Christian_organizations" title="Category:LGBTQ Christian organizations">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:LGBTQ_Jewish_organizations" title="Category:LGBTQ Jewish organizations">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:LGBTQ_Muslim_organizations" title="Category:LGBTQ Muslim organizations">Muslim</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#f2c9e2; padding-left: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)">Politics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queer_anarchism" title="Queer anarchism">Anarchist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisexual_politics" title="Bisexual politics">Bisexual politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism_and_LGBTQ_rights" title="Communism and LGBTQ rights">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_conservatism" title="LGBTQ conservatism">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_ecology" title="Queer ecology">Ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homonationalism" title="Homonationalism">Homonationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_liberation" title="Gay liberation">Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_LGBT_rights" title="Libertarian perspectives on LGBT rights">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_nationalism" title="Queer nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_radicalism" title="Queer radicalism">Radicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_revolution" title="Sexual revolution">Sexual revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_and_LGBT_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialism and LGBT rights">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfeminism" title="Transfeminism">Transfeminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_wing" title="LGBTQ wing">Political parties affiliates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies#LGBTQ_social_movements" title="List of political ideologies">Political ideologies regarding LGBTQ</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#f2c9e2; padding-left: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)">Timeline</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Table_of_years_in_LGBTQ_rights" title="Table of years in LGBTQ rights">Years</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_LGBTQ_rights" title="List of years in LGBTQ rights">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:LGBTQ_rights_by_year" title="Category:LGBTQ rights by year">Category</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#f2c9e2; padding-left: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Freedom_in_the_World" title="Index of Freedom in the World">Freedom Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minority_rights" title="Minority rights">Minority rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_people_in_prison" title="LGBTQ people in prison">LGBTQ people in prison</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top: none;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portal_LGBT.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Portal_LGBT.svg/25px-Portal_LGBT.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Portal_LGBT.svg/38px-Portal_LGBT.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Portal_LGBT.svg/50px-Portal_LGBT.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="442" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:LGBTQ" title="Portal:LGBTQ">LGBTQ portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:LGBTQ_rights_sidebar" title="Template:LGBTQ rights sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:LGBTQ_rights_sidebar" title="Template talk:LGBTQ rights sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:LGBTQ_rights_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:LGBTQ rights sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Opposition to <a href="/wiki/Legal_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal rights">legal rights</a> for <a href="/wiki/Lesbian" title="Lesbian">lesbian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gay" title="Gay">gay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bisexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Bisexual">bisexual</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">transgender</a> and <a href="/wiki/Queer" title="Queer">queer</a> (<a href="/wiki/LGBTQ" title="LGBTQ">LGBTQ</a>) people exists throughout the world. LGBTQ rights opponents may be opposed to the <a href="/wiki/Decriminalization_of_homosexuality" title="Decriminalization of homosexuality">decriminalization of homosexuality</a>; laws permitting <a href="/wiki/Civil_unions" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil unions">civil unions or partnerships</a> or supporting <a href="/wiki/LGBT_parenting" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT parenting">LGBT parenting</a> and <a href="/wiki/LGBT_adoption" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT adoption">adoption</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_military_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual orientation and military service">LGBT military members</a>, access to <a href="/wiki/Assisted_reproductive_technology" title="Assisted reproductive technology">assisted reproductive technology</a>, and access to <a href="/wiki/Gender-affirming_surgery" title="Gender-affirming surgery">gender-affirming surgery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gender-affirming_hormone_therapy" title="Gender-affirming hormone therapy">gender-affirming hormone therapy</a> for <a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">transgender</a> individuals. </p><p>Organizations influential in <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBTQ rights">LGBTQ rights</a> opposition frequently oppose the enactment of laws making <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a> legal, the passage of anti-discrimination laws aimed at curtailing <a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_LGBTQ_people" title="Discrimination against LGBTQ people">anti-LGBTQ discrimination</a>, including in employment and housing, the passage of anti-bullying laws to protect LGBTQ minors, laws decriminalizing same-gender relationships, and other LGBTQ rights-related laws.<sup id="cite_ref-Fetner_2001_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fetner_2001-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These groups are often <a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Religious_conservatism" title="Conservatism">religious</a> or <a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">socially conservative</a> in nature.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such opposition can be motivated by <a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">homophobia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Fetner_2001_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fetner_2001-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ibrahim_2016_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ibrahim_2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">transphobia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Fetner_2001_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fetner_2001-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ibrahim_2016_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ibrahim_2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bigotry" class="mw-redirect" title="Bigotry">bigotry</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> animosity,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religion</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Morality" title="Morality">moral beliefs</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Political_ideologies" class="mw-redirect" title="Political ideologies">political ideologies</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or other reasons. </p><p>According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy" title="Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy">Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a></i>, "<a href="/wiki/Natural_law_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural law theory">natural law theory</a> offers the most common intellectual defense for differential treatment of gays and lesbians".<sup id="cite_ref-Stanford_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stanford-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dag_%C3%98istein_Endsj%C3%B8" title="Dag Øistein Endsjø">Dag Øistein Endsjø</a>, Norwegian scholar and professor of <a href="/wiki/Religious_studies" title="Religious studies">Religious studies</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Special_Rapporteur_on_Freedom_of_Religion_or_Belief" title="United Nations Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief">United Nations Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief</a> have stated that religious belief underlies most forms of <b>LGBTQ rights opposition</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_opposition&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Institut_f%C3%BCr_Sexualwissenschaft_-_Bibliothek_1933.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Institut_f%C3%BCr_Sexualwissenschaft_-_Bibliothek_1933.jpg/220px-Institut_f%C3%BCr_Sexualwissenschaft_-_Bibliothek_1933.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Institut_f%C3%BCr_Sexualwissenschaft_-_Bibliothek_1933.jpg/330px-Institut_f%C3%BCr_Sexualwissenschaft_-_Bibliothek_1933.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Institut_f%C3%BCr_Sexualwissenschaft_-_Bibliothek_1933.jpg/440px-Institut_f%C3%BCr_Sexualwissenschaft_-_Bibliothek_1933.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1651" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/German_Student_Union" title="German Student Union">German Student Union</a> members plunder the <a href="/wiki/Institut_f%C3%BCr_Sexualwissenschaft" title="Institut für Sexualwissenschaft">Institut für Sexualwissenschaft</a> in preparation to <a href="/wiki/Nazi_book_burning" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi book burning">burn its books</a>, May 1933</figcaption></figure> <p>The first organized <a href="/wiki/Gay_rights_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay rights movement">gay rights movement</a> arose in the late nineteenth century in Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-chron_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chron-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1920s and into the early 1930s, there were <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_communities" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBTQ communities">LGBTQ communities</a> in cities like Berlin; German-Jewish sexologist <a href="/wiki/Magnus_Hirschfeld" title="Magnus Hirschfeld">Magnus Hirschfeld</a> was one of the most notable spokespeople for LGBTQ rights at this time. When the Nazi party came to power in 1933, one of the party's first acts was to burn down Hirschfeld's <i><a href="/wiki/Institut_f%C3%BCr_Sexualwissenschaft" title="Institut für Sexualwissenschaft">Institut für Sexualwissenschaft</a></i>, where many prominent Nazis had been treated for perceived sexual problems.<sup id="cite_ref-Lenz_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lenz-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially tolerant to the homosexuality of <a href="/wiki/Ernst_R%C3%B6hm" title="Ernst Röhm">Ernst Röhm</a> and his followers, many <a href="/wiki/Gay_men" title="Gay men">gay men</a> were purged from the Nazi Party following the <a href="/wiki/Night_of_the_Long_Knives" title="Night of the Long Knives">Night of the Long Knives</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Paragraph_175" title="Paragraph 175">Section 175 Laws</a> began to be enforced again, with gay men interned in <a href="/wiki/Concentration_camp" title="Concentration camp">concentration camps</a> by 1938.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the <a href="/wiki/Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi">Nazi</a> rule in Germany, the dismantling of rights for LGBTQ individuals was approached in two ways. By strengthening and re-enforcing existing laws that had fallen into disuse, male homosexuality was effectively re-criminalised; homosexuality was treated as a medical disorder, but at a social level rather than individual level intended to reduce the incidence of homosexuality. The treatment was a program of <a href="/wiki/Nazi_eugenics" title="Nazi eugenics">eugenics</a>, starting with <a href="/wiki/Sterilization_(medicine)" title="Sterilization (medicine)">sterilisation</a>, then a system of working people to death in forced labour camps, and eventually refined by medical scientists to include <a href="/wiki/Euthanasia" title="Euthanasia">euthanasia</a>. The driving force was the elimination of perceived <a href="/wiki/Racial_hygiene" title="Racial hygiene">degeneracy</a> at various levels – genetic, social, identity and practice, and the elimination of such genetic material in society. Lifton wrote about this in his book <i>The Nazi Doctors</i>:<sup id="cite_ref-LIFTON_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LIFTON-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C2%A7175_chart_of_convictions.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/%C2%A7175_chart_of_convictions.png/350px-%C2%A7175_chart_of_convictions.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/%C2%A7175_chart_of_convictions.png/525px-%C2%A7175_chart_of_convictions.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/%C2%A7175_chart_of_convictions.png/700px-%C2%A7175_chart_of_convictions.png 2x" data-file-width="996" data-file-height="490" /></a><figcaption>Graph of convictions under Germany's <a href="/wiki/Paragraph_175" title="Paragraph 175">Paragraph 175</a>. Spike occurs during <a href="/wiki/Zeit_des_Nationalsozialismus" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeit des Nationalsozialismus">Nazi era</a>, and dropoff after partial repeal in 1969.</figcaption></figure> <blockquote><p>[...] sexology and defense of homosexuality [...] were aspects of "sexual degeneration, a breakdown of the family and loss of all that is decent," and ultimately the destruction of the German Folk. [...] medicine was to join in the great national healing mission, and the advance image of what Nazi doctors were actually to become: the healer turned killer. [...] Sterilization policies were always associated with the therapeutic and regenerative principles of the biomedical vision: with the "purification of the national body" and the "eradication of morbid hereditary dispositions." Sterilization was considered part of "negative eugenics" [...]<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>It is argued that the number of gay people who perished in the Holocaust was quite low in comparison to other <a href="/wiki/Holocaust_victims" title="Holocaust victims">Holocaust victims</a>, and confined to Germany itself, based on estimates that of 50,000 gay people who came before the courts, between 5,000 and 15,000<sup id="cite_ref-ushm_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ushm-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ended up in concentration camps. However, many of those who came before the courts were directed (or volunteered) to undergo sterilisation/castration; they would be included with others who, in line with the historic shift in German society (that started with <a href="/wiki/Karl_Friedrich_Otto_Westphal" title="Karl Friedrich Otto Westphal">Westphal</a>, and developed through <a href="/wiki/Krafft-Ebing" class="mw-redirect" title="Krafft-Ebing">Krafft-Ebing</a> to <a href="/wiki/Magnus_Hirschfeld" title="Magnus Hirschfeld">Magnus Hirschfeld</a>, of homosexuality being seen as having a neurological, endocrinological or genetic basis), were treated for homosexuality as a medical rather than criminal matter. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> became more intolerant of homosexuality,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but many gay men and lesbians decided to reveal their gay identities after meeting others in the military.<sup id="cite_ref-infoplease_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-infoplease-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many gay bars and villages were created, and a whole gay <a href="/wiki/Subculture" title="Subculture">subculture</a> formed.<sup id="cite_ref-infoplease_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-infoplease-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Campaigns for gay rights began to develop, initially in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Towards the end of the 1960s homosexuality began to be decriminalised and de-medicalised in areas such as the UK, New Zealand, Australia, North America and Europe, in the context of the <a href="/wiki/Sexual_revolution" title="Sexual revolution">sexual revolution</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-psychiatry" title="Anti-psychiatry">anti-psychiatry</a> movements. Organized opposition to gay and lesbian rights began in the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-Himmelstein_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Himmelstein-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_opinion">Public opinion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_opposition&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Public opinion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Societal_attitudes_toward_homosexuality" title="Societal attitudes toward homosexuality">Societal attitudes toward homosexuality</a></div> <p>Societal attitudes towards homosexuality vary greatly in different cultures and different historical periods, as do attitudes toward sexual desire, activity and relationships in general. All cultures have their own <a href="/wiki/Sexual_norm" title="Sexual norm">norms regarding appropriate and inappropriate sexuality</a>; some sanction same-sex love and sexuality, while others disapprove of such activities.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to The 2007 Pew Global Attitudes Project, "Throughout Western Europe and much of the Americas, there is widespread tolerance towards homosexuality. However, the United States, Japan, South Korea, and Israel stand apart from other wealthy nations on this issue; in each of these countries, fewer than half of those surveyed say homosexuality should be accepted by society. Meanwhile, in most of Africa, Asia and the Middle East, there is less tolerance toward homosexuality."<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, a 2012 <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> poll showed that a majority number of Americans are in favor of gay rights, such as same-sex marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late 2015, a poll of Japanese people also found that a majority supported same-sex marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_reasons_for_opposition">Religious reasons for opposition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_opposition&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Religious reasons for opposition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Essay-like plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-essay-like" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>is written like a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_publisher_of_original_thought" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay</a></b> that states a Wikipedia editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_opposition&action=edit">help improve it</a> by rewriting it in an <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Information_style_and_tone" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">encyclopedic style</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_and_homosexuality" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and homosexuality">Religion and homosexuality</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Human_sexuality#Religious_sexual_morality" title="Human sexuality">Human sexuality § Religious sexual morality</a></div> <p>Many religions, including ones within the Eastern faiths and <a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic faiths</a>, do not support homosexual sex. <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelical Christianity</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mormonism" title="Mormonism">Mormonism</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox Judaism</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> view homosexual sex as a <a href="/wiki/Sin" title="Sin">sin</a> and hold that its practice and acceptance in society weakens moral standards. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christian_opposition">Christian opposition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_opposition&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Christian opposition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gay_marriage_warning_(19083064780).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Gay_marriage_warning_%2819083064780%29.jpg/220px-Gay_marriage_warning_%2819083064780%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="455" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Gay_marriage_warning_%2819083064780%29.jpg/330px-Gay_marriage_warning_%2819083064780%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Gay_marriage_warning_%2819083064780%29.jpg/440px-Gay_marriage_warning_%2819083064780%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1950" data-file-height="4031" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Conservative Christian</a> protesters against <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a> after <i><a href="/wiki/Obergefell_v._Hodges" title="Obergefell v. Hodges">Obergefell v. Hodges</a></i> (June 2015)</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_homosexuality" title="Christianity and homosexuality">Christianity and homosexuality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_transgender_people" title="Christianity and transgender people">Christianity and transgender people</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominational_positions_on_homosexuality" title="List of Christian denominational positions on homosexuality">List of Christian denominational positions on homosexuality</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Bible_and_homosexuality" title="The Bible and homosexuality">The Bible and homosexuality</a></div> <p>Passages in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> that prohibit man to "lie with mankind as with womankind"<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the story of <a href="/wiki/Sodom_and_Gomorrah" title="Sodom and Gomorrah">Sodom and Gomorrah</a> have historically been interpreted as condemning <a href="/wiki/Sodomy" title="Sodomy">sodomy</a>. Several <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Pauline</a> passages have also been cited against male and female homosexuality.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christians who take a conservative position on homosexuality endorse this reading of these passages in the belief that God is against same-sex sexual activity, while Christians who take a liberal position believe that these same passages refer to more specific situations, such as pedophilia,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> rape or abuse, and not homosexuality.<sup id="cite_ref-TolerancerefA_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TolerancerefA-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest Christian body, the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>, condemns homosexual acts as "gravely sinful" and "intrinsically disordered".<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second-largest Christian body, the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a>, also condemns homosexual behaviour, as do many denominations of <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_homosexuality" title="Catholic Church and homosexuality">Within the Catholic Church</a>, the theory of <a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">natural law</a> has been employed by philosophers and theologians to justify its condemnation of homosexual behaviour.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The theologian <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a> maintained that homosexual practice was contrary to natural law, arguing that the primary natural end of the sexual act was procreation, and since said procreation is carried out from a process of sexual fertilization between a man and a woman, homosexual sex is contrary to the very end of said act.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islamic_opposition">Islamic opposition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_opposition&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Islamic opposition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT in Islam">LGBT in Islam</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Sodomy" title="Sodomy">Sodomy</a> is regarded as criminal and forbidden in most <a href="/wiki/Islamic_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic countries">Islamic countries</a>, according to <a href="/wiki/Sharia_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharia law"><i>Sharia</i> law</a>, and officially carries the <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Islam" title="Capital punishment in Islam">death penalty</a> in <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It carries the death penalty in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, openly gay men have been prosecuted under general public morality laws.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hand, homosexuality has been legal in Turkey since 1858.<sup id="cite_ref-History_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Saudi Arabia, the maximum punishment for homosexuality is public execution, but the government will use other punishments – e.g., fines, jail time, and <a href="/wiki/Flagellation" title="Flagellation">flagellation</a> – as alternatives, unless it feels that LGBT individuals are challenging state authority by engaging in <a href="/wiki/LGBT_social_movements" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT social movements">LGBT social movements</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Iran is perhaps the nation to execute the largest number of its citizens for homosexuality. Since the 1979 <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Islamic revolution</a> in Iran, the Iranian government has executed more than 4,000 people charged with homosexual acts.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even though homosexuality is widespread amongst the <a href="/wiki/Pashtun_ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashtun ethnic group">Pashtun ethnic group</a> in southern Afghanistan,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after the fall of the Taliban, homosexuality went from a capital crime to one that is punished with fines, prison sentences, and <a href="/wiki/Vigilante" class="mw-redirect" title="Vigilante">vigilante</a> violence.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Most international human rights organizations, such as <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>, condemn laws that make homosexual relations between consenting adults a crime. Muslim nations insist that such laws are necessary to preserve Islamic morality and virtue. Of the nations with a majority of Muslim inhabitants where homosexuality is criminalized, only Lebanon and Tunisia have organizations which are trying to get homosexuality legalized.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asian_religious_opposition">Asian religious opposition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_opposition&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Asian religious opposition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosexuality and Hinduism">Homosexuality and Hinduism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_sexual_orientation" title="Buddhism and sexual orientation">Buddhism and sexual orientation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_in_China" title="Homosexuality in China">Homosexuality in China</a></div> <p>Among the <a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">religions that originated in India</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a>, teachings regarding homosexuality are less clear than among the Abrahamic traditions. Unlike the Abrahamic religions, homosexuality is not a 'sin' in Hindu philosophy,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while in Buddhism, the Dalai Lama has stated that male-female relationships are intended by nature, though without condemning same-sex relationships.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gender-specific Temples like Aravan worship are dedicated to celebrate the non-heteronormative diverse Indigenous gender & sexuality in Hinduism.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2005, the Head Cleric of the <a href="/wiki/Akal_Takht" title="Akal Takht">Akal Takht</a> condemned same-sex marriages.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hinduism is diverse, with no supreme governing body which allows people of diverse SOGIESC communities to marry under Hindu Marriage Law 1951.<sup id="cite_ref-Live_Law_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Live_Law-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scientology_opposition">Scientology opposition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_opposition&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Scientology opposition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Scientology_and_sexual_orientation" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientology and sexual orientation">Scientology and sexual orientation</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Scientology" title="Scientology">Scientology</a> founder <a href="/wiki/L._Ron_Hubbard" title="L. Ron Hubbard">L. Ron Hubbard</a> classified homosexuality as a mental illness and <a href="/wiki/Paraphilia" title="Paraphilia">paraphilia</a> (then known as "sexual perversion"), citing contemporary psychiatric and psychological textbooks to support his view.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gay people are designated a 1.1. on Hubbard's <a href="/wiki/Emotional_tone_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Emotional tone scale">emotional tone scale</a>, and Hubbard urged society to tackle the issue of "sexual perversion" (including homosexuality), calling it "of vital importance, if one wishes to stop immorality, and the abuse of children." In his book <i><a href="/wiki/Science_of_Survival" title="Science of Survival">Science of Survival</a></i>, Hubbard called for drastic action to be taken, saying that: "Such people should be taken from the society as rapidly as possible and uniformly institutionalized; for here is the level of the contagion of immorality, and the destruction of ethics; here is the fodder which secret police organizations use for their filthy operations."<sup id="cite_ref-sos1_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sos1-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2004 article in the <i><a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Petersburg Times">St. Petersburg Times</a></i> reported that the Scientology defines marriage as the union between a man and a woman.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After 35 years of being a Scientologist, film producer and director <a href="/wiki/Paul_Haggis" title="Paul Haggis">Paul Haggis</a> publicly quit the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scientology" title="Church of Scientology">Church of Scientology</a> over the organization's position on gay rights and a showdown with the Church's spokesperson over the <a href="/wiki/2008_California_Proposition_8" title="2008 California Proposition 8">2008 California Proposition 8</a> on same-sex marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-wright-apostate_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wright-apostate-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opposition_in_different_countries">Opposition in different countries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_opposition&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Opposition in different countries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Essay-like plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-essay-like" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>is written like a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_publisher_of_original_thought" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay</a></b> that states a Wikipedia editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_opposition&action=edit">help improve it</a> by rewriting it in an <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Information_style_and_tone" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">encyclopedic style</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belarus">Belarus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_opposition&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Belarus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Belarus">LGBT rights in Belarus</a></div> <p>A 2014 report prepared by the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, under the Conservative and Liberal Democrat coalition government of 2010–2015, raised concerns about LGBT treatment in <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The LGBT community suffered increased harassment from the [Belarusian] regime in 2013. The Ministry of Justice denied registration to LGBT groups, and members of the LGBT community were regularly targeted by the security forces and brought in for questioning. The authorities threatened to stigmatise them by informing their colleagues, families, or friends of their sexual orientation. Gay clubs in Minsk and Vitebsk were raided, and those present were filmed and had their details collected. The clubs were then closed down. Gay Pride week in Minsk was disrupted by the authorities who forced owners of venues, where events were due to be held, to withdraw at the last minute. Those events that did take place were raided by the police, and a request for a march through the city was turned down by the authorities.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>"LGBT rights", <i>Corporate Report: Belarus – Country of Concern</i>, (UK <a href="/wiki/Foreign_and_Commonwealth_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign and Commonwealth Office">Foreign and Commonwealth Office</a>, October 2014)<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malaysia">Malaysia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_opposition&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Malaysia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Same-sex relationships in Malaysia are <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Malaysia">criminalised</a>. In 2018, Malaysian LGBT people faced government-enforced clampdowns.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_opposition&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Section_377_of_the_Indian_Penal_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code">Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code</a></div> <p>On October 6, 1860, sodomy was legally forbidden in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> according to Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was ruled unconstitutional in 2009 by the Delhi High Court, but reaffirmed on 11 December 2013 by a Supreme Court ruling.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was again legalised by the Supreme Court on 6 September 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indonesia">Indonesia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_opposition&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Indonesia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Traditionally, Indonesians are <a href="/wiki/Liberal_homophobia" title="Liberal homophobia">quite tolerant towards LGBT people who keep quiet and stay discreet about their private lives</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DW_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DW-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this level of tolerance is not extended towards the LGBT rights movements, which has faced fierce condemnation in the public sphere from Indonesian authorities. A wave of anti-LGBT rhetoric began in January 2016 when Higher Education Minister <a href="/wiki/Mohamad_Nasir" title="Mohamad Nasir">Mohamad Nasir</a> said LGBT people should be barred from university campuses.<sup id="cite_ref-Reuters_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reuters-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Minister called for a ban on gay groups on university campuses after a group of <a href="/wiki/University_of_Indonesia" title="University of Indonesia">University of Indonesia</a> (UI) students established a counselling and support group called the Support Group and Resource Center on Sexuality Studies (SGRC).<sup id="cite_ref-Tempo_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tempo-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group was meant as a counselling service, resource centre and support group on sexuality and gender issues, especially for LGBT youth and students, who often suffer from abuses, harassment, violence and discrimination regarding their gender and sexuality. SGRC sees LGBT people as human beings who need a friend and protection. The group, which sought to advocate for those who suffer from gender-based violence, explained that they do not "turn" or "encourage" people to be <a href="/wiki/Gay" title="Gay">gay</a>, nor had they tried to "cure" gay people.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amid the heat of the issue, the University of Indonesia refused to be held responsible for SGRC's actions and announced the group was not an officially registered student organisation.<sup id="cite_ref-Tempo_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tempo-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another official pressured smartphone instant-messaging services to drop gay and lesbian-themed emoji, prompting one company to comply.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-1_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-1-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Muhammadiyah" title="Muhammadiyah">Muhammadiyah</a>, said it would not issue any edict condemning members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) community, Muhammadiyah's secretary-general, Abdul Mukti said. Muhammadiyah considered LGBT expression immoral, but that publicly condemning people affiliated with those identities and orientations would not help them return to normalcy.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other religious groups, such as <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> and specifically <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a>, have expressed their rejection of LGBT rights in Indonesia. Indonesian Catholic authorities have reiterated that Catholicism does not recognise <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a> but assured that, despite their perceived transgressions, LGBT people should be protected and not harmed.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Indonesia Psychiatric Association (PDSKJI) classifies homosexuality, bisexuality and transgenderism as <a href="/wiki/Mental_disorders" class="mw-redirect" title="Mental disorders">mental disorders</a>. Referring to <i>Law No.18/2014 on Mental Health</i> and the association's Mental Health and Mental Disorder Diagnostic Guidelines, the PDSKJI categorises homosexual and bisexual Indonesians as "people with psychiatric problems" and transgender people as having "mental disorders".<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some military figures have used conspiracy theory rhetoric. Defense Minister <a href="/wiki/Ryamizard_Ryacudu" title="Ryamizard Ryacudu">Ryamizard Ryacudu</a> called the LGBT movement a "<a href="/wiki/Proxy_war" title="Proxy war">proxy war</a>" to <a href="/wiki/Brainwash" class="mw-redirect" title="Brainwash">brainwash</a> Indonesians, and claimed that it received "foreign funding",<sup id="cite_ref-Reuters_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reuters-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pointing to funds from <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> organisations like <a href="/wiki/UNAIDS" class="mw-redirect" title="UNAIDS">UNAIDS</a> or Western governments and foundations. </p><p>There have been a few incidents of LGBT people being harassed. LGBT groups are now working on setting up safe houses and draw up evacuation plans in case of need. In <a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta" title="Yogyakarta">Yogyakarta</a>, in February 2016, 23 LGBT activists were roughed up by police, who told local media they stopped them from holding a rally to avoid a clash with a hardline Muslim group holding an anti-LGBT protest nearby.<sup id="cite_ref-Reuters_70-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reuters-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The chair of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Consultative_Assembly" title="People's Consultative Assembly">People's Consultative Assembly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zulkifli_Hasan" title="Zulkifli Hasan">Zulkifli Hasan</a> mentioned in a statement that, "As a movement, the existence of LGBT must be opposed. We must limit its room to move. However, as individual people, they must be protected like any other citizen.”<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anthropologist Sharyn Graham Davies commented that the main focus of this opposition was that sexual and gender diversity may be tolerated but as long as LGBT people remain invisible in the Indonesian society and did not form a visible movement.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hand, amid fierce hostilities, some officials – including former <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Jakarta" title="Governor of Jakarta">Governor of Jakarta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basuki_Tjahaja_Purnama" title="Basuki Tjahaja Purnama">Basuki Tjahaja Purnama</a> and former Political, Legal, and Security Affairs Minister <a href="/wiki/Luhut_Binsar_Panjaitan" class="mw-redirect" title="Luhut Binsar Panjaitan">Luhut Binsar Panjaitan</a> — have defended the LGBT community. "Whoever they are, wherever they work, he or she continues to be an Indonesian citizen. They have the right to be protected as well," Panjaitan said.<sup id="cite_ref-Reuters_70-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reuters-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> President <a href="/wiki/Joko_Widodo" title="Joko Widodo">Joko Widodo</a> has also expressed support for LGBT rights and has called on an end to discrimination.<sup id="cite_ref-joko_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-joko-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poland">Poland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_opposition&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Poland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/LGBT-free_zone" title="LGBT-free zone">LGBT-free zone</a></div> <p>Opposition to <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Poland">LGBT rights in Poland</a> comes mainly from right-wing politics, such as the ruling in 2015-2023 <a href="/wiki/Law_and_Justice_(Poland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Law and Justice (Poland)">Law and Justice</a> party, and from the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Poland" title="Catholic Church in Poland">Catholic Church in Poland</a>, in which a majority of Poles are members. According to <a href="/wiki/ILGA-Europe" title="ILGA-Europe">ILGA-Europe</a>'s 2020 report, Poland ranks the lowest of European Union countries for LGBT rights. According to some opinion polls, opposition to LGBT rights has been diminishing, with support for <a href="/wiki/Civil_partnerships" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil partnerships">civil partnerships</a> rising from 52% in 2017 to 60% in 2019. The number of Poles who say that homosexuality should not be accepted in society dropped from 41% in 2001 to 24% in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russia">Russia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_opposition&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Russia">LGBT rights in Russia</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moscow_opposition_rally_2_March_2013,_LGBT_activists.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Moscow_opposition_rally_2_March_2013%2C_LGBT_activists.JPG/190px-Moscow_opposition_rally_2_March_2013%2C_LGBT_activists.JPG" decoding="async" width="190" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Moscow_opposition_rally_2_March_2013%2C_LGBT_activists.JPG/285px-Moscow_opposition_rally_2_March_2013%2C_LGBT_activists.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Moscow_opposition_rally_2_March_2013%2C_LGBT_activists.JPG/380px-Moscow_opposition_rally_2_March_2013%2C_LGBT_activists.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2811" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>LGBT activists in Moscow, 2 March 2013</figcaption></figure> <p>Opposition to the LGBT rights movement is very prevalent in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, including within the <a href="/wiki/Kremlin" title="Kremlin">Kremlin</a>. President <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> enacted laws in 2012 which criminalised education about LGBT issues, calling it "<a href="/wiki/Gay_propaganda" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay propaganda">gay propaganda</a>". It banned telling minors that homosexuality was normal or natural.<sup id="cite_ref-Vice_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vice-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was opposed by some nations with many members of the public in the U.S. and Western Europe calling for a <a href="/wiki/Boycott" title="Boycott">boycott</a> of the <a href="/wiki/2014_Winter_Olympics" title="2014 Winter Olympics">2014 Winter Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sochi" title="Sochi">Sochi</a>. However, President Putin assured that all athletes would be respected, regardless of their sexuality<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the event, no boycott occurred.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The law passed has been described as taking Russia's LGBT community "from being a stigmatized fringe group to full-blown <a href="/wiki/Enemy_of_the_people#Soviet_Union" title="Enemy of the people">enemies of the state</a>", and has been described as a major contributor to a wave of anti-gay violence by several <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Nazi">neo-Nazi</a> organisations (such as <i><a href="/wiki/Occupy_Paedophilia" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupy Paedophilia">Occupy Paedophilia</a></i>), which target gay teens online and meet up with them, posting on YouTube their acts of assault against the LGBT teens, which have even resulted in the death of several LGBT teens in Russia, which are rarely investigated by the authorities, defining them as "civil movements fighting the sins of society".<sup id="cite_ref-Vice_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vice-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Georgia">Georgia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_opposition&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Georgia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On July 8, 2023, over 2,000 anti-LGBTQ+ protesters violently disrupted the LGBTQ+ Pride festival in the Georgian capital of Tbilisi. Homophobia remains widespread in Georgia, and several journalists were attacked during similar protests in Tbilisi two years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_opposition&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="LGBTQ rights in the United Kingdom">LGBTQ rights in the United Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Scotland" title="LGBTQ rights in Scotland">LGBTQ rights in Scotland</a></div> <p>In 1988, the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a>, who were <a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="Premiership of Margaret Thatcher">in government at the time</a>, enacted <a href="/wiki/Section_28" title="Section 28">Section 28</a> which stated that <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Local government in the United Kingdom">local authorities</a> must not "intentionally promote homosexuality or publish material with the intention of promoting homosexuality" and that <a href="/wiki/Maintained_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Maintained school">maintained schools</a> should not "promote the teaching [...] of the acceptability of homosexuality", describing families with gay parents as being in a "pretended family relationship".<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Research on the effect of suppressing information about sexuality awareness in schools showed a correspondence with increases in the level of homophobic bullying by peers, as well as increased incidence in depression and suicide amongst LGBT people trying to come to terms with their sexuality.<sup id="cite_ref-EPSTEIN_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPSTEIN-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1987, Thatcher also declared that "hard left education authorities and extremist teachers" were indoctrinating the nation by teaching the younger generation "political slogans", "anti-racist mathematics" and telling their pupils that they have an "inalienable right to be gay", rather than "taught to respect traditional moral values".<sup id="cite_ref-MTFoundation_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MTFoundation-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She then went on to say that "all of those children are being cheated of a sound start in life—yes cheated!"<sup id="cite_ref-MTFoundation_89-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MTFoundation-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2003, despite opposition from socially liberal Conservatives such as later prime minister <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Section 28 was repealed by the <a href="/wiki/Second_Blair_ministry" title="Second Blair ministry">Labour government</a> under <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2009, Cameron, whilst campaigning for the 2010 general election, formally apologised for his party introducing the law, stating that it was a mistake and had been offensive to gay people.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013, <a href="/wiki/Marriage_(Same_Sex_Couples)_Act_2013" title="Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013">same-sex marriage</a> was legalised under Cameron's premiership (despite his government voting against it)<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which Cameron described as "an important step forward" and said that he thought that "it is right that gay people should be able to get married too".<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2010, the largest voice against LGBT equality in the UK came from the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> over the issue of same-sex marriage. Labour passed into law in 2005 the ability for same-sex couples to enter civil partnerships, but they could not take place in a church or be called a "marriage". The Church of England opposed the-then coalition Government's plans (this government came to an end in May 2015) to extend this to "full marriage rights."<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/British_National_Party" title="British National Party">British National Party</a> has shifted its platform from recriminalisation to an extension of <a href="/wiki/Section_28" title="Section 28">section 28</a>-style legislation, i.e. making it illegal to portray homosexuality positively in the media.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1999, the <a href="/wiki/Admiral_Duncan_pub" class="mw-redirect" title="Admiral Duncan pub">Admiral Duncan pub</a>, a gay bar in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Soho" title="Soho">Soho</a>, was targeted up as part of a terrorist campaign by a former <a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Socialist Movement (United Kingdom)">National Socialist Movement</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_National_Party" title="British National Party">British National Party</a> (BNP) member, <a href="/wiki/David_Copeland" class="mw-redirect" title="David Copeland">David Copeland</a>; three people were killed, and seventy maimed or injured by a nail bomb detonated in the pub.<sup id="cite_ref-DUNCAN_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DUNCAN-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_opposition&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="History_2">History</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_opposition&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_history_in_the_United_States" title="LGBTQ history in the United States">LGBTQ history in the United States</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="1950s_and_1960s">1950s and 1960s</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_opposition&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: 1950s and 1960s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Stonewall_riots#Background" title="Stonewall riots">Stonewall riots § Background</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:McCarthy_Cohn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/McCarthy_Cohn.jpg/220px-McCarthy_Cohn.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/McCarthy_Cohn.jpg/330px-McCarthy_Cohn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/McCarthy_Cohn.jpg/440px-McCarthy_Cohn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="438" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy" title="Joseph McCarthy">Joseph McCarthy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roy_Cohn" title="Roy Cohn">Roy Cohn</a>, leaders of the <a href="/wiki/Lavender_scare" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavender scare">Lavender scare</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the 1950s in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, open homosexuality was taboo. Legislatures in every state had passed laws against homosexual behavior well before this, most notably <a href="/wiki/Sodomy_laws_in_the_United_States" title="Sodomy laws in the United States">anti-sodomy laws</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> politicians frequently described homosexuals as "subversives" who undermined national security and patriotism, and described them as <a href="/wiki/Fellow_traveller" title="Fellow traveller">Communist sympathisers</a> or a Communist <a href="/wiki/Fifth_column" title="Fifth column">Fifth column</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Lavender_Scare" title="Lavender Scare">Lavender Scare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy" title="Joseph McCarthy">Joseph McCarthy</a> used accusations of homosexuality as a <a href="/wiki/Smear_tactic" class="mw-redirect" title="Smear tactic">smear tactic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Senator <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_S._Wherry" title="Kenneth S. Wherry">Kenneth Wherry</a> publicized fears that <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> had obtained a list of closeted homosexuals in positions of power from <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>, which he believed Stalin intended to use to blackmail these men into working against the U.S. for the Soviet regime.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoey_Report&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hoey Report (page does not exist)">1950 report</a> produced by a Senate subcommittee titled "Employment of Homosexuals and Other Sex Perverts in Government" said that "the pervert is easy prey to the blackmailer... It is an accepted fact among intelligence agencies that espionage organizations the world over consider sex perverts who are in possession of or have access to confidential material to be prime targets where pressure can be exerted." Along with that security-based concern, the report found homosexuals unsuitable for government employment because "those who engage in overt acts of perversion lack the emotional stability of normal persons. In addition, there is an abundance of evidence to sustain the conclusion that indulgence in acts of sex perversion weakens the moral fiber of an individual to a degree that he is not suitable for a position of responsibility."<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> McCarthy and <a href="/wiki/Roy_Cohn" title="Roy Cohn">Roy Cohn</a> more often used the secrets of closeted gay American politicians as tools for blackmail than did foreign powers.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The modern roots of the <a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian right</a>'s views on sexual matters were evident in the years 1950s–1960s, a period in which many <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">conservative</a> <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_United_States" title="Christianity in the United States">Christians in the United States</a> viewed sexual promiscuity as not only excessive, but in fact as a threat to their ideal vision of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-Herman_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herman-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 30">: 30 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="1970s_and_1980s">1970s and 1980s</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_opposition&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: 1970s and 1980s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Save_Our_Children_From_Homosexuality_Brochure.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Save_Our_Children_From_Homosexuality_Brochure.jpg/170px-Save_Our_Children_From_Homosexuality_Brochure.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="424" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Save_Our_Children_From_Homosexuality_Brochure.jpg/255px-Save_Our_Children_From_Homosexuality_Brochure.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Save_Our_Children_From_Homosexuality_Brochure.jpg 2x" data-file-width="308" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Brochure used by Save Our Children in 1977</figcaption></figure> <p>Beginning in the 1970s, conservative Christian protests against promiscuity began to surface, largely as a reaction to the "<a href="/wiki/Sexual_revolution_in_1960s_United_States" title="Sexual revolution in 1960s United States">permissive Sixties</a>" and an emerging prominence of sexual rights arising from <i><a href="/wiki/Roe_v._Wade" title="Roe v. Wade">Roe v. Wade</a></i> and the <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights movement">LGBT rights movement</a>. The Christian right proceeded to make sexuality issues a priority political cause.<sup id="cite_ref-Herman_103-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herman-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 28">: 28 </span></sup> <a href="/wiki/Anita_Bryant" title="Anita Bryant">Anita Bryant</a> organized <a href="/wiki/Save_Our_Children" title="Save Our Children">Save Our Children</a>, a widespread campaign to oppose legislation prohibiting discrimination on the basis of <a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">sexual orientation</a> in <a href="/wiki/Miami-Dade_County,_Florida" title="Miami-Dade County, Florida">Miami-Dade County, Florida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fetner_2001_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fetner_2001-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group argued that gay people were "<a href="/wiki/Homosexual_recruitment" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosexual recruitment">recruiting</a>" or "<a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_pedophilia" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosexuality and pedophilia">molesting children</a>" in order to make them gay.<sup id="cite_ref-Fetner_2001_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fetner_2001-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bryant infamously claimed that "As a mother, I know that homosexuals cannot biologically reproduce children; therefore, they must recruit our children," and also claimed that "If gays are granted rights, next we'll have to give rights to prostitutes and to people who sleep with St. Bernards and to nail biters."<sup id="cite_ref-At_Any_Cost_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-At_Any_Cost-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bryant campaign achieved success in repealing some city anti-discrimination laws, and proposed other citizen initiatives such as a <a href="/wiki/Briggs_Initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Briggs Initiative">failed California ballot question</a> designed to ban gay people or those who supported LGBT rights from holding public teaching jobs. Bryant's campaign attracted widespread opposition and <a href="/wiki/Boycott" title="Boycott">boycotts</a> which put her out of business and destroyed her reputation. </p><p>From the late 1970s onwards, some <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">conservative</a> <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_United_States" title="Christianity in the United States">Christian organizations</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Broadcasting_Network" title="Christian Broadcasting Network">Christian Broadcasting Network</a>, <a href="/wiki/Focus_on_the_Family" title="Focus on the Family">Focus on the Family</a>, <a href="/wiki/Concerned_Women_for_America" title="Concerned Women for America">Concerned Women for America</a>, the <a href="/wiki/American_Family_Association" title="American Family Association">American Family Association</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Coalition_of_America" title="Christian Coalition of America">Christian Coalition of America</a>, along with right-wing Christian hate groups such as the <a href="/wiki/Westboro_Baptist_Church" title="Westboro Baptist Church">Westboro Baptist Church</a>, have been outspoken against LGBT rights.<sup id="cite_ref-Gannon_1981_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gannon_1981-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McKeegan_1993_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKeegan_1993-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Miller_2014_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller_2014-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Durham_2000_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Durham_2000-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Late in 1979, a <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Great_Awakening" title="Fourth Great Awakening">new religious revival</a> among conservative <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism_in_the_United_States" title="Evangelicalism in the United States">Evangelical Protestants</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States" title="Catholic Church in the United States">Roman Catholics</a> ushered in the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican coalition</a> politically aligned with the <a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian right</a> that would reign in the United States between the years 1970s and 1980s, becoming another obstacle for the progress of the <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBTQ rights movement">LGBTQ rights movement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gannon_1981_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gannon_1981-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McKeegan_1993_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKeegan_1993-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Miller_2014_105-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller_2014-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Durham_2000_106-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Durham_2000-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_epidemic_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="HIV/AIDS epidemic in the United States">HIV/AIDS epidemic of the 1980s</a>, LGBTQ communities were further <a href="/wiki/Stigmatization" class="mw-redirect" title="Stigmatization">stigmatized</a> as they became the focus of <a href="/wiki/Mass_hysteria" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass hysteria">mass hysteria</a>, suffered <a href="/wiki/Social_isolation" title="Social isolation">isolation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">marginalization</a>, and were targeted with <a href="/wiki/Violence_against_LGBT_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Violence against LGBT people">extreme acts of violence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Christian right champions itself as the "self-appointed conscience of American society". During the 1980s, the movement was largely dismissed by political pundits and mainstream religious leaders as "a collection of buffoonish has-beens". Later, it re-emerged, better organized and more focused, taking firm positions against abortion, pornography, sexual deviancy, and extreme feminism.<sup id="cite_ref-Kaplan_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaplan-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Green_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Green-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 4">: 4 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="1990s_and_2000s">1990s and 2000s</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_opposition&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: 1990s and 2000s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WBC_protest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/WBC_protest.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="244" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="187" data-file-height="244" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Westboro_Baptist_Church" title="Westboro Baptist Church">Westboro Baptist Church</a> protest in 2005</figcaption></figure> <p>Influential Christian right organizations were at the forefront of the anti-gay rights movement in the United States in the 1990s and 2000s, including Focus on the Family, Family Research Council, and the <a href="/wiki/Family_Research_Institute" title="Family Research Institute">Family Research Institute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Herman_103-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herman-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 15–16">: 15–16 </span></sup> An important stratagem in Christian right anti-gay politics is in its rejection of "the edicts of a Big Brother" state, allowing it to profit from "a general feeling of discontent and demoralization with government". As a result, the Christian right has endorsed smaller government, restricting its ability to arbitrate in disputes regarding values and traditions. In this context, gay rights laws have come to symbolize the government's allegedly unconstitutional "[interference] with individual freedom".<sup id="cite_ref-Herman_103-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herman-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 170–171">: 170–171 </span></sup> </p><p>The central tenets of Focus on the Family and similar organizations, such as the Family Research Council, emphasise issues such as abortion and the necessity of gender roles. A number of organizations, including the New Christian Right, "have in various ways rejected liberal America in favor of the regulation of pornography, anti-abortion legislation, the criminalization of homosexuality, and the virtues of faithfulness and loyalty in sexual partnerships", according to sociologist <a href="/wiki/Bryan_S._Turner" class="mw-redirect" title="Bryan S. Turner">Bryan Turner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Petersen_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Petersen-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="2010s_and_2020s">2010s and 2020s</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_opposition&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: 2010s and 2020s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20-11-2019._500.000%2B_signatures_against_LGTB_in_Disney._Orlando.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/20-11-2019._500.000%2B_signatures_against_LGTB_in_Disney._Orlando.jpg/220px-20-11-2019._500.000%2B_signatures_against_LGTB_in_Disney._Orlando.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/20-11-2019._500.000%2B_signatures_against_LGTB_in_Disney._Orlando.jpg/330px-20-11-2019._500.000%2B_signatures_against_LGTB_in_Disney._Orlando.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/20-11-2019._500.000%2B_signatures_against_LGTB_in_Disney._Orlando.jpg/440px-20-11-2019._500.000%2B_signatures_against_LGTB_in_Disney._Orlando.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6720" data-file-height="4480" /></a><figcaption>Men protesting outside <a href="/wiki/Disney_World" class="mw-redirect" title="Disney World">Disney World</a> in 2020 with a sign reading, "Save Our Kids from LGBT Indoctrination."</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">presidency of Donald Trump</a>, some Christian conservatives refrained from engaging in debates about sexual morality.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, beginning in the early-2020s, an <a href="/wiki/2020s_anti-LGBT_movement_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="2020s anti-LGBT movement in the United States">anti-LGBT movement</a> occurred in the United States. This <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">conservative</a> <a href="/wiki/Backlash_(sociology)" title="Backlash (sociology)">political backlash</a> against <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the United States">LGBT rights</a> included <a href="/wiki/Bathroom_bill" title="Bathroom bill">bathroom use restrictions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Transgender rights in the United States">bans on gender transition</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anti-LGBT_curriculum_laws_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-LGBT curriculum laws in the United States">“don't say gay” laws</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drag_panic" title="Drag panic">laws against drag performances</a>, <a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_book_banning_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="2021–2022 book banning in the United States">book bans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boycott" title="Boycott">boycotts</a>, and <a href="/wiki/LGBT_grooming_conspiracy_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT grooming conspiracy theory">conspiracy theories around grooming</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="U.S._public_opinion">U.S. public opinion</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_opposition&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: U.S. public opinion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Public_opinion_of_same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Public opinion of same-sex marriage in the United States">Public opinion of same-sex marriage in the United States</a></div> <p>Public opinion has shifted towards increased acceptance of homosexuality and equal rights for gays and lesbians since the late 1970s. According to the Gallup poll, the percentage of Americans who think that same-sex relations between consenting adults should be legal increased from 43% in 1977 to 59% in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-gallup07_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gallup07-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1977, 56% of Americans thought that gay people should have equal rights in terms of job opportunities. As of 2007<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_opposition&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, that number has risen to 89%.<sup id="cite_ref-gallup07_114-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gallup07-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1982, 34% thought that homosexuality should be considered "an acceptable alternative lifestyle". As of 2007<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_opposition&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, that number is 54%.<sup id="cite_ref-gallup07_114-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gallup07-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1997, 27% of Americans thought that <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriages</a> should be legally valid. That number is 46% as of 2007<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_opposition&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>. In 1977, 13% of Americans thought that sexual orientation is "something a person is born with"; as of 2007<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_opposition&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, that percentage increased to 42%.<sup id="cite_ref-gallup07_114-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gallup07-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A poll conducted in 2013 showed a record high of 58% of the Americans supporting legal recognition for same-sex marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2015, a Washington Post-ABC News poll showed that 61% of Americans supported same-sex marriage and a similar share were against state-by-state legalization.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Numerous studies have investigated the prevalence of acceptance and disapproval of homosexuality and have consistently found correlations with various demographic, psychological, and social variables. For example, studies (mainly conducted in the United States) have found that heterosexuals with positive attitudes towards homosexuality are more likely to be non-religious, politically liberal or moderate, young, female and have close personal contact with <a href="/wiki/Coming_out" title="Coming out">openly</a> gay men and lesbians.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are also more likely to have positive attitudes towards other minority groups<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and are less likely to support traditional gender roles.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States_Armed_Forces">United States Armed Forces</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_opposition&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: United States Armed Forces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Don%27t_ask,_don%27t_tell" title="Don't ask, don't tell">Don't ask, don't tell</a></div> <p>Homosexual activity was a reason for expulsion from the United States Armed Forces from their very beginning, although that was not codified until 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_ask,_don%27t_tell" title="Don't ask, don't tell">Don't ask, don't tell</a>" (DADT) policy that began in 1994 barred the military from questioning people about their sexual orientation, but maintained the barring of service members who had <a href="/wiki/Coming_out" title="Coming out">come out</a>. The barring of homosexuals was removed altogether in December 2010 by President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Even before <a href="/wiki/Don%27t_ask,_don%27t_tell#History" title="Don't ask, don't tell">DADT was established</a>, advocates for allowing gay people to <a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_military_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual orientation and military service">openly serve</a> pointed out that neither <a href="/wiki/Unit_cohesion" title="Unit cohesion">unit cohesion</a> nor morale were affected when the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a> admitted gay people into the military. A similar comparison has been made to the lack of negative consequences when African-Americans and women were admitted into the military.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Boy_Scouts_of_America">Boy Scouts of America</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_opposition&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Boy Scouts of America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Boy_Scouts_of_America" title="Boy Scouts of America">Boy Scouts of America</a> now accepts gay and bisexual people in its organizations. Previously, there was an exclusion enforced commonly for Scoutmasters, but also for scouts in leadership positions. Their rationale was that homosexuality is immoral and that Scouts are expected to have certain <a href="/wiki/Moral" title="Moral">moral</a> standards and values, as the <a href="/wiki/Scout_Oath" class="mw-redirect" title="Scout Oath">Scout Oath</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scout_Law" title="Scout Law">Scout Law</a> requires boys to be "morally straight".<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Boy Scout organization did not view their policy as unjustly <a href="/wiki/Discriminatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Discriminatory">discriminatory</a>, but instead defends their policy saying that, "Tolerance for diversity of values does not require abdication of one's own values".<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2000 the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">United States Supreme Court</a> ruled in <a href="/wiki/Boy_Scouts_of_America_v._Dale" title="Boy Scouts of America v. Dale">Boy Scouts of America v. Dale</a> that the Boy Scouts of America is a <a href="/wiki/Club_(organization)" title="Club (organization)">private organization</a>, and as such can decide its own membership rules.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is still a movement to try to persuade the organization to change its policy or allow local chapters to decide for themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2005, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Congress">U.S. Congress</a> passed the <a href="/wiki/Support_Our_Scouts_Act" title="Support Our Scouts Act">Support Our Scouts Act</a> of 2005 to exempt the BSA from anti-discrimination laws, to require the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a> to support scouting <a href="/wiki/National_Scout_jamboree_(Boy_Scouts_of_America)" title="National Scout jamboree (Boy Scouts of America)">Jamborees</a> (thus rendering ineffective a Federal Court injunction prohibiting this as an <a href="/wiki/Unconstitutional" class="mw-redirect" title="Unconstitutional">unconstitutional</a> <a href="/wiki/Establishment_of_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Establishment of religion">establishment of religion</a> in violation of the <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution">First Amendment</a>) and to require <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">state</a> or local governments that receive Community Development Block Grant money from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Department of Housing and Urban Development">Department of Housing and Urban Development</a> to allow BSA to have meetings in their facilities or on their property.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The BSA historically has received much of its funding and support from religious groups noted for their opposition to the <a href="/wiki/Gay_rights_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay rights movement">gay rights movement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some BSA local councils found that <a href="/wiki/United_Way_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United Way of America">United Way</a>'s, municipalities', school districts' and businesses' support and funding was reduced because of their adherence to the BSA's policy on sexual orientation.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In order to continue receiving funding, local councils like New Jersey signed nondiscrimination agreements contrary to BSA National Council policy.<sup id="cite_ref-jersey_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jersey-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other outdoor-focused, youth-based organizations such as the <a href="/wiki/4-H" title="4-H">4-H</a> club and <a href="/wiki/Girl_Scouts_of_the_USA" title="Girl Scouts of the USA">Girl Scouts of the USA</a> do not discriminate on the basis of sexual orientation. </p><p>In most countries where Boy Scouts organizations exist homosexuality is not regarded as incompatible with scout values, and gay members are not excluded from activities;<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this includes the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, where scouting was founded by <a href="/wiki/Baden-Powell" class="mw-redirect" title="Baden-Powell">Baden-Powell</a>. </p><p>In July 2015, the Boy Scouts' executive board voted to end the ban on adult leaders who are openly gay.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_opposition&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/28px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/42px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/56px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:LGBTQ" title="Portal:LGBTQ">LGBTQ portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Social_sciences.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/32px-Social_sciences.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/48px-Social_sciences.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/64px-Social_sciences.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="122" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Society" title="Portal:Society">Society portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-LGBTQ_rhetoric" title="Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric">Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antifeminism" title="Antifeminism">Antifeminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-gender_movement" title="Anti-gender movement">Anti-gender movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biphobia" title="Biphobia">Biphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_therapy" title="Conversion therapy">Conversion therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_war" title="Culture war">Culture war</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Down-low_(sexual_slang)" title="Down-low (sexual slang)">Down-low</a>", sexual subculture of <a href="/wiki/Black_people" title="Black people">Black men</a> who identify as heterosexual but secretly <a href="/wiki/Men_who_have_sex_with_men" title="Men who have sex with men">have sex with other men</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Drop_the_T" class="mw-redirect" title="Drop the T">Drop the T</a>", slogan coined to encourage <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights organization">LGBT organizations</a> to stop support of <a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">transgender</a> people</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_agenda" title="Gay agenda">Gay agenda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_concentration_camps_in_Chechnya" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay concentration camps in Chechnya">Gay concentration camps in Chechnya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay%E2%80%93straight_alliance" title="Gay–straight alliance">Gay–straight alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Rekers" title="George Rekers">George Rekers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_crimes_against_LGBT_persons_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hate crimes against LGBT persons in Russia">Hate crimes against LGBT persons in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heteronormativity" title="Heteronormativity">Heteronormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterosexism" title="Heterosexism">Heterosexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homophile_movement" title="Homophile movement">Homophile movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homophobic_propaganda" title="Homophobic propaganda">Homophobic propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexual_recruitment" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosexual recruitment">Homosexual recruitment</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">conspiracy theory</a> alleging conversion efforts targeting heterosexuals</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivar_Lovaas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivar Lovaas">Ivar Lovaas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesbophobia">Lesbophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT in Islam">LGBT in Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_retirement_issues" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT retirement issues">LGBT retirement issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_organizations_designated_by_the_Southern_Poverty_Law_Center_as_anti-LGBTQ_hate_groups" title="List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as anti-LGBTQ hate groups">List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as anti-LGBTQ hate groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._ballot_initiatives_to_repeal_LGBT_anti-discrimination_laws" title="List of U.S. ballot initiatives to repeal LGBT anti-discrimination laws">List of U.S. ballot initiatives to repeal LGBT anti-discrimination laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_gay_and_bisexual_men_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Persecution of gay and bisexual men by the Islamic State">Persecution of gay and bisexual men by the Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_pride" title="Straight pride">Straight pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straightwashing" title="Straightwashing">Straightwashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">Transphobia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_transgender_men" title="Discrimination against transgender men">Discrimination against transgender men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmisandry" class="mw-redirect" title="Transmisandry">Transmisandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmisogynoir" class="mw-redirect" title="Transmisogynoir">Transmisogynoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transphobic_misogyny" class="mw-redirect" title="Transphobic misogyny">Transphobic misogyny</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Heinrich_Ulrichs" title="Karl Heinrich Ulrichs">Karl Heinrich Ulrichs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_LGBT_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Violence against LGBT people">Violence against LGBT people</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_opposition&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_homosexuals_in_Nazi_Germany_and_the_Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust">Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblehub.com/kjv/leviticus/18.htm">Leviticus 18:22</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150908032117/http://biblehub.com/kjv/leviticus/18.htm">Archived</a> 2015-09-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblehub.com/kjv/leviticus/20.htm">Leviticus 20:13</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150901183407/http://biblehub.com/kjv/leviticus/20.htm">Archived</a> 2015-09-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (KJV).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblehub.com/kjv/romans/1.htm">Romans 1:25–28</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150821235011/http://biblehub.com/kjv/romans/1.htm">Archived</a> 2015-08-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – these are often considered the only explicit references in the Bible discussing female homosexuality.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See: <a href="/wiki/Cairo_52" title="Cairo 52">Cairo 52</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_opposition&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Fetner_2001-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fetner_2001_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fetner_2001_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fetner_2001_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fetner_2001_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fetner_2001_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fetner_2001_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fetner_2001_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFetner2001" class="citation journal cs1">Fetner, Tina (August 2001). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2022</span>. <q>That religious beliefs lie at the heart of most of the opposition to LGBT rights is a generally known fact. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=helem.net&rft.atitle=Helem+English+%E2%80%93+%21EXIST&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.helem.net%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hqgRb_Thd_QC&pg=PA199">Wise Teacher, Wise Student: Tibetan Approaches to a Healthy Relationship</a>, Alexander Berzin</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanada_Tibet_Committee1993" class="citation web cs1">Canada Tibet Committee (1 July 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040804014757/http://www.tibet.ca/en/wtnarchive/1993/7/1_7.html">"A Lesson on Life, Happiness; Anyone Can Achieve It, Says Dalai Lama to Seattle Crowd"</a>. <i>World Tibet Network News</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tibet.ca/en/wtnarchive/1993/7/1_7.html">the original</a> on 4 August 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Tibet+Network+News&rft.atitle=A+Lesson+on+Life%2C+Happiness%3B+Anyone+Can+Achieve+It%2C+Says+Dalai+Lama+to+Seattle+Crowd&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.au=Canada+Tibet+Committee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tibet.ca%2Fen%2Fwtnarchive%2F1993%2F7%2F1_7.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/rs/relationships/sikhloveandsexrev2.shtml">"Sikhism: beliefs about love and sex"</a>. <i>BBC.co.uk</i>. BBC GCSE Bitesize. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323013057/http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/rs/relationships/sikhloveandsexrev2.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC.co.uk&rft.atitle=Sikhism%3A+beliefs+about+love+and+sex&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fschools%2Fgcsebitesize%2Frs%2Frelationships%2Fsikhloveandsexrev2.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gaylaxymag.com/articles/queer-voices/homosexuality-and-sikhism/">"Homosexuality and Sikhism"</a>. <i>gaylaxymag.com</i>. GayLaxy. 26 May 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150705135733/http://www.gaylaxymag.com/articles/queer-voices/homosexuality-and-sikhism/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gaylaxymag.com&rft.atitle=Homosexuality+and+Sikhism&rft.date=2011-05-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaylaxymag.com%2Farticles%2Fqueer-voices%2Fhomosexuality-and-sikhism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/world-sikh-group-against-gay-marriage-bill-1.536239">World Sikh group against gay marriage bill</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150807122801/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/world-sikh-group-against-gay-marriage-bill-1.536239">Archived</a> 2015-08-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/CBC_Newsworld" class="mw-redirect" title="CBC Newsworld">CBC News</a>, Tuesday, 29 March 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Live_Law-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Live_Law_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/transwoman-regarded-as-bride-madras-hc-bans-sex-re-assignment-surgeries-intersex-children-144467">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Transwoman A 'Bride' Under Hindu Marriage Act": Madras HC; Also Bans Sex Re-Assignment Surgeries On Intersex Children [Read Judgment]"</a>. 23 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190712083504/https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/transwoman-regarded-as-bride-madras-hc-bans-sex-re-assignment-surgeries-intersex-children-144467">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-07-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-08-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Transwoman+A+%27Bride%27+Under+Hindu+Marriage+Act%22%3A+Madras+HC%3B+Also+Bans+Sex+Re-Assignment+Surgeries+On+Intersex+Children+%5BRead+Judgment%5D&rft.date=2019-04-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livelaw.in%2Fnews-updates%2Ftranswoman-regarded-as-bride-madras-hc-bans-sex-re-assignment-surgeries-intersex-children-144467&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110929021150/http://www.faithandthecity.org/issues/social/articles/Discussions_on_Dharma%20.shtml">"Discussions on Dharma"</a>. Hinduism Today. October 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faithandthecity.org/issues/social/articles/Discussions_on_Dharma%20.shtml">the original</a> on 29 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Discussions+on+Dharma&rft.pub=Hinduism+Today&rft.date=2004-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.faithandthecity.org%2Fissues%2Fsocial%2Farticles%2FDiscussions_on_Dharma%2520.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/rs/relationships/hiloveandsexrev1.shtml">"Hinduism: beliefs about love and sex"</a>. <i>BBC.co.uk</i>. BBC GCSE Bitesize. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140131225017/http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/rs/relationships/hiloveandsexrev1.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC.co.uk&rft.atitle=Hinduism%3A+beliefs+about+love+and+sex&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fschools%2Fgcsebitesize%2Frs%2Frelationships%2Fhiloveandsexrev1.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The sexual pervert (and by this term Dianetics, to be brief, includes any and all forms of deviation in Dynamic II [i.e. sexuality] such as homosexuality, lesbianism, sexual sadism, etc., and all down the catalog of <a href="/wiki/Havelock_Ellis" title="Havelock Ellis">Ellis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Freiherr_von_Krafft-Ebing" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Freiherr von Krafft-Ebing">Krafft-Ebing</a>) is actually quite ill physically...he is very far from culpable for his condition, but he is also far from normal and extremely dangerous to society..." <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHubbard1978" class="citation book cs1">Hubbard (1978). <i>Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health</i>. Church of Scientology of California. pp. 122–123. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88404-000-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-88404-000-3"><bdi>0-88404-000-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dianetics%3A+The+Modern+Science+of+Mental+Health&rft.pages=122-123&rft.pub=Church+of+Scientology+of+California&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0-88404-000-3&rft.au=Hubbard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sos1-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sos1_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHubbard1975" class="citation book cs1">Hubbard (1975). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scienceofsurviva00lron_0/page/88"><i>Science of Survival</i></a></span>. Church of Scientology of California. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scienceofsurviva00lron_0/page/88">88–90</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88404-001-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-88404-001-1"><bdi>0-88404-001-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+of+Survival&rft.pages=88-90&rft.pub=Church+of+Scientology+of+California&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0-88404-001-1&rft.au=Hubbard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fscienceofsurviva00lron_0%2Fpage%2F88&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+opposition" class="Z3988"></span> "Such people should be taken from the society as rapidly as possible and uniformly institutionalized; for here is the level of the contagion of immorality, and the destruction of ethics; here is the fodder which secret police organizations use for their filthy operations. One of the most effective measures of security that a nation threatened by war could take would be rounding up and placing in a <a href="/wiki/Cantonment" title="Cantonment">cantonment</a>, away from society, any 1.1 individual who might be connected with government, the military, or essential industry; since here are people who, regardless of any record of their family's loyalty, are potential traitors, the very mode of operation of their insanity being betrayal. In this level is the slime of society, the sex criminals, the political subversives, the people whose apparently rational activities are yet but the devious writhings of secret hate."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150708072837/http://www.sptimes.com/2004/07/18/Tampabay/About_Scientology.shtml">"About Scientology"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Petersburg Times">St. Petersburg Times</a></i>. 2004-07-18. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sptimes.com/2004/07/18/Tampabay/About_Scientology.shtml">the original</a> on 2015-07-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-07-06</span></span>. <q>Scientology Positions: Gay marriage - Scientologists recognize marriage as a part of the second of eight dynamics of existence. The second dynamic includes all creative activity, including sex, procreation and child rearing. The Scientology marriage ceremony is traditional and addresses a union between a man and a woman.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=St.+Petersburg+Times&rft.atitle=About+Scientology&rft.date=2004-07-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sptimes.com%2F2004%2F07%2F18%2FTampabay%2FAbout_Scientology.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wright-apostate-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wright-apostate_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright2011" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Wright" title="Lawrence Wright">Wright, Lawrence</a> (February 14, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2011/02/14/the-apostate-lawrence-wright">"The Apostate : Paul Haggis vs. the Church of Scientology"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=The+Apostate+%3A+Paul+Haggis+vs.+the+Church+of+Scientology&rft.date=2011-02-14&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F2011%2F02%2F14%2Fthe-apostate-lawrence-wright&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/belarus-country-of-concern/belarus-country-of-concerndate=16">"Corporate Report: Belarus – Country of Concern"</a>. <i>Gov.uk</i>. <a href="/wiki/Foreign_and_Commonwealth_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign and Commonwealth Office">Foreign and Commonwealth Office</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2015</span>. <q>Section 28 was later removed from the statute book by Tony Blair's Labour government in 2003.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pinknews.co.uk&rft.atitle=Ian+McKellen%3A+%27Margaret+Thatcher+misjudged+the+future+with+Section+28%27&rft.date=2013-04-16&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinknews.co.uk%2F2013%2F04%2F16%2Fian-mckellen-margaret-thatcher-misjudged-the-future-with-section-28%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/cameron-sorry-for-section-28-1728003.html">"Cameron sorry for Section 28"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. 22 October 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110812040934/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/cameron-sorry-for-section-28-1728003.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bbc.co.uk&rft.atitle=Gay+marriage+an+important+step+forward%2C+says+PM&rft.date=2013-02-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-21325702&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoss2010" class="citation news cs1">Ross, Tim (24 December 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101226234838/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/religion/8221964/Coalition-ministers-consider-gay-marriage-plans.html">"Coalition ministers consider gay marriage plans"</a>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/religion/8221964/Coalition-ministers-consider-gay-marriage-plans.html">the original</a> on 26 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Coalition+ministers+consider+gay+marriage+plans&rft.date=2010-12-24&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fnewstopics%2Freligion%2F8221964%2FCoalition-ministers-consider-gay-marriage-plans.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_Anthony2002" class="citation web cs1">Andrew Anthony (September 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://observer.guardian.co.uk/magazine/story/0,11913,783675,00.html">"Andrew Anthony meets Nick Griffin – From the Observer – The Observer"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071015165934/http://observer.guardian.co.uk/magazine/story/0,11913,783675,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2007-10-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-04-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Andrew+Anthony+meets+Nick+Griffin+%E2%80%93+From+the+Observer+%E2%80%93+The+Observer&rft.date=2002-09&rft.au=Andrew+Anthony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fobserver.guardian.co.uk%2Fmagazine%2Fstory%2F0%2C11913%2C783675%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DUNCAN-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DUNCAN_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/30/newsid_2499000/2499249.stm">"1999: Dozens injured in Soho nail bomb"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 30 April 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210211204018/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/30/newsid_2499000/2499249.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 11 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=1999%3A+Dozens+injured+in+Soho+nail+bomb&rft.date=1999-04-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fapril%2F30%2Fnewsid_2499000%2F2499249.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cuordileone, K. A. "'Politics in an Age of Anxiety': Cold War Political Culture and the Crisis in American Masculinity, 1949–1960" <i>The Journal of American History</i> 87 (2) (2000): 515–545</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Von Hoffman, Nicholas, <i>Citizen Cohn</i> Doubleday, 1988, pp 130</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/assault/context/employment.html">"Who's Gay? What's Straight? – Employment Of Homosexuals And Other Sex Perverts In Government (1950) – Assault On Gay America – FRONTLINE – PBS"</a>. <i>pbs.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170616210211/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/assault/context/employment.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-06-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-09-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pbs.org&rft.atitle=Who%27s+Gay%3F+What%27s+Straight%3F+%E2%80%93+Employment+Of+Homosexuals+And+Other+Sex+Perverts+In+Government+%281950%29+%E2%80%93+Assault+On+Gay+America+%E2%80%93+FRONTLINE+%E2%80%93+PBS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Fpages%2Ffrontline%2Fshows%2Fassault%2Fcontext%2Femployment.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Von Hoffman, Nicholas, <i>Citizen Cohn</i> Doubleday, 1988</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Herman-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Herman_103-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Herman_103-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Herman_103-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Herman_103-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerman1997" class="citation book cs1">Herman, Didi (1997). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/antigayagendaort00herm"><i>The Antigay Agenda: Orthodox Vision and the Christian Right</i></a></span>. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-32764-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-32764-8"><bdi>978-0-226-32764-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 20,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Antigay+Agenda%3A+Orthodox+Vision+and+the+Christian+Right&rft.place=Chicago%2C+IL&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-226-32764-8&rft.aulast=Herman&rft.aufirst=Didi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fantigayagendaort00herm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-At_Any_Cost-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-At_Any_Cost_104-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBryantGreen,_Bob1978" class="citation book cs1">Bryant, Anita; Green, Bob (1978). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/atanycost0000brya"><i>At Any Cost</i></a></span>. Grand Rapids, Michigan, US: Fleming H. Revell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780800709402" title="Special:BookSources/9780800709402"><bdi>9780800709402</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=At+Any+Cost&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+Michigan%2C+US&rft.pub=Fleming+H.+Revell&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=9780800709402&rft.aulast=Bryant&rft.aufirst=Anita&rft.au=Green%2C+Bob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fatanycost0000brya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Miller_2014-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Miller_2014_105-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miller_2014_105-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2014" class="citation book cs1">Miller, Steven P. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cWLwAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA32">"Left, Right, Born Again"</a>. <i>The Age of Evangelicalism: America's Born-Again Years</i>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. 32–59. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780199777952.003.0003">10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199777952.003.0003</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199777952" title="Special:BookSources/9780199777952"><bdi>9780199777952</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2013037929">2013037929</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/881502753">881502753</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230416153432/https://books.google.com/books?id=cWLwAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA32">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-04-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Left%2C+Right%2C+Born+Again&rft.btitle=The+Age+of+Evangelicalism%3A+America%27s+Born-Again+Years&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=32-59&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F881502753&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2013037929&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780199777952.003.0003&rft.isbn=9780199777952&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Steven+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcWLwAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Durham_2000-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Durham_2000_106-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Durham_2000_106-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDurham2000" class="citation book cs1">Durham, Martin (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ual1NR2WPasC&pg=PA1">"The rise of the right"</a>. <i>The Christian Right, the Far Right, and the Boundaries of American Conservatism</i>. <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/Manchester_University_Press" title="Manchester University Press">Manchester University Press</a>. pp. 1–23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780719054860" title="Special:BookSources/9780719054860"><bdi>9780719054860</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230416153442/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ual1NR2WPasC&pg=PA1">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-04-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+rise+of+the+right&rft.btitle=The+Christian+Right%2C+the+Far+Right%2C+and+the+Boundaries+of+American+Conservatism&rft.place=Manchester+and+New+York&rft.pages=1-23&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780719054860&rft.aulast=Durham&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUal1NR2WPasC%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWestengard2019" class="citation book cs1">Westengard, Laura (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b5unDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA99">"Monstrosity: Melancholia, Cannibalism, and HIV/AIDS"</a>. <i>Gothic Queer Culture: Marginalized Communities and the Ghosts of Insidious Trauma</i>. <a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Nebraska" title="Lincoln, Nebraska">Lincoln, Nebraska</a>: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nebraska_Press" title="University of Nebraska Press">University of Nebraska Press</a>. pp. 99–103. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4962-0204-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4962-0204-8"><bdi>978-1-4962-0204-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2018057900">2018057900</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230416153435/https://books.google.com/books?id=b5unDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA99">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-04-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Monstrosity%3A+Melancholia%2C+Cannibalism%2C+and+HIV%2FAIDS&rft.btitle=Gothic+Queer+Culture%3A+Marginalized+Communities+and+the+Ghosts+of+Insidious+Trauma&rft.place=Lincoln%2C+Nebraska&rft.pages=99-103&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2018057900&rft.isbn=978-1-4962-0204-8&rft.aulast=Westengard&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Db5unDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA99&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kaplan-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kaplan_108-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaplan1994" class="citation journal cs1">Kaplan, George R. (May 1994). "Shotgun Wedding: Notes on Public Education's Encounter with the New Christian Right". <i>Phi Delta Kappan</i>. <b>75</b> (9).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phi+Delta+Kappan&rft.atitle=Shotgun+Wedding%3A+Notes+on+Public+Education%27s+Encounter+with+the+New+Christian+Right&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=9&rft.date=1994-05&rft.aulast=Kaplan&rft.aufirst=George+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Green-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Green_109-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreen2006" class="citation book cs1">Green, Hohn (2006). Green, John C.; Rozell, Mark J.; Wilcox, Clyde (eds.). <i>THE VALUES CAMPAIGN? The Christian Right and the 2004 Elections</i>. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1589011083" title="Special:BookSources/978-1589011083"><bdi>978-1589011083</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=THE+VALUES+CAMPAIGN%3F+The+Christian+Right+and+the+2004+Elections&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Georgetown+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1589011083&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Hohn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDraper2008" class="citation web cs1">Draper, Electa (22 October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.denverpost.com/2008/10/22/focus-on-the-family-focuses-on-homosexuals/">"Focus on the Family focuses on homosexuals"</a>. <i>Denver Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Denver+Post&rft.atitle=Focus+on+the+Family+focuses+on+homosexuals&rft.date=2008-10-22&rft.aulast=Draper&rft.aufirst=Electa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.denverpost.com%2F2008%2F10%2F22%2Ffocus-on-the-family-focuses-on-homosexuals%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Petersen-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Petersen_111-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetersen2005" class="citation journal cs1">Petersen, David L. (2005). "Genesis and Family Values". <i>Journal of Biblical Literature</i>. <b>124</b> (1): 5–23. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F30040988">10.2307/30040988</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/30040988">30040988</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biblical+Literature&rft.atitle=Genesis+and+Family+Values&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=5-23&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F30040988&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F30040988%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Petersen&rft.aufirst=David+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Douthat, Ross, et al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/articles/podcasts/gabfest/2018/02/the_florida_shooting_white_house_job_shake_ups_and_porn_on_the_political.html">"The 'Let's Just Ban Everything' Edition"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181230000556/http://www.slate.com/articles/podcasts/gabfest/2018/02/the_florida_shooting_white_house_job_shake_ups_and_porn_on_the_political.html">Archived</a> 2018-12-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Political Gabfest</i>. Slate, February 15, 2018. <i>Slate</i>. Start listening at 37:00.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2023/01/13/americas-far-right-is-increasingly-protesting-against-lgbt-people">"America's far right is increasingly protesting against LGBT people"</a>. <i>The Economist</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230524065520/https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2023/01/13/americas-far-right-is-increasingly-protesting-against-lgbt-people">Archived</a> from the original on 24 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=America%27s+far+right+is+increasingly+protesting+against+LGBT+people&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fgraphic-detail%2F2023%2F01%2F13%2Famericas-far-right-is-increasingly-protesting-against-lgbt-people&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gallup07-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gallup07_114-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gallup07_114-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gallup07_114-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gallup07_114-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallup,_Inc.2007" class="citation web cs1">Gallup, Inc. (29 May 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gallup.com/poll/27694/Tolerance-Gay-Rights-HighWater-Mark.aspx">"Tolerance for Gay Rights at High-Water Mark"</a>. <i>Gallup.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081109102649/http://www.gallup.com/poll/27694/Tolerance-Gay-Rights-HighWater-Mark.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gallup.com&rft.atitle=Tolerance+for+Gay+Rights+at+High-Water+Mark&rft.date=2007-05-29&rft.au=Gallup%2C+Inc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gallup.com%2Fpoll%2F27694%2FTolerance-Gay-Rights-HighWater-Mark.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKludt,_Tom2013" class="citation web cs1">Kludt, Tom (18 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://livewire.talkingpointsmemo.com/entry/poll-new-high-of-58-percent-support-same">"Poll:New High Of 58 Percent Support Same-Sex Marriage"</a>. livewire.talkingpointsmemo.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130321022813/http://livewire.talkingpointsmemo.com/entry/poll-new-high-of-58-percent-support-same">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Poll%3ANew+High+Of+58+Percent+Support+Same-Sex+Marriage&rft.pub=livewire.talkingpointsmemo.com&rft.date=2013-03-18&rft.au=Kludt%2C+Tom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flivewire.talkingpointsmemo.com%2Fentry%2Fpoll-new-high-of-58-percent-support-same&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/wp/2013/03/18/gay-marriage-support-hits-new-high-in-post-abc-poll/">"Gay marriage support hits new high in Post-ABC poll"</a>. <i>washingtonpost.com</i>. 18 March 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130327233137/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/wp/2013/03/18/gay-marriage-support-hits-new-high-in-post-abc-poll/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=washingtonpost.com&rft.atitle=Gay+marriage+support+hits+new+high+in+Post-ABC+poll&rft.date=2013-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fblogs%2Fthe-fix%2Fwp%2F2013%2F03%2F18%2Fgay-marriage-support-hits-new-high-in-post-abc-poll%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/courts_law/poll-gay-marriage-support-at-record-high/2015/04/22/f6548332-e92a-11e4-aae1-d642717d8afa_story.html">"Poll: Gay-marriage support at record high"</a>. <i>washingtonpost.com</i>. 23 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150526171438/http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/courts_law/poll-gay-marriage-support-at-record-high/2015/04/22/f6548332-e92a-11e4-aae1-d642717d8afa_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=washingtonpost.com&rft.atitle=Poll%3A+Gay-marriage+support+at+record+high&rft.date=2015-04-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2Fcourts_law%2Fpoll-gay-marriage-support-at-record-high%2F2015%2F04%2F22%2Ff6548332-e92a-11e4-aae1-d642717d8afa_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Studies finding that heterosexual men usually exhibit more hostile attitudes toward gay men and lesbians than heterosexual women: <ul><li>Herek, G. M. (1994). <i>Assessing heterosexuals' attitudes toward lesbians and gay men.</i> In "B. Greene and G.M. Herek (Eds.) Psychological perspectives on lesbian and gay issues: Vol. 1 Lesbian and gay psychology: Theory, research, and clinical applications." Thousands Oaks, Ca: Sage.</li> <li>Kite, M.E. (1984). <i>Sex differences in attitudes toward homosexuals: A meta-analytic review.</i> Journal of Homosexuality, 10 (1–2), 69–81.</li> <li>Morin, S., & Garfinkle, E. (1978). <i>Male homophobia.</i> Journal of Social Issues, 34 (1), 29–47.</li> <li>Thompson, E., Grisanti, C., & Pleck, J. (1985). <i>Attitudes toward the male role and their correlates.</i> Sex Roles, 13 (7/8), 413–427.</li></ul> For other correlates, see: <ul><li>Larson et al. (1980) <i>Heterosexuals' Attitudes Toward Homosexuality</i>, The Journal of Sex Research, 16, 245–257</li> <li>Herek, G. (1988), <i>Heterosexuals' Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Sex_Research" title="Journal of Sex Research">Journal of Sex Research</a></i>, 25, 451–477</li> <li>Kite, M.E., & Deaux, K., 1986. <i>Attitudes toward homosexuality: Assessment and behavioral consequences. Basic and Applied Social Psychology,</i> 7, 137–162</li> <li>Haddock, G., Zanna, M. P., & Esses, V. M. (1993). <i>Assessing the structure of prejudicial attitudes: The case of attitudes toward homosexuals.</i> Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1105–1118.</li></ul> See also: Lewis, Gregory B., <i>Black-White Differences in Attitudes toward Homosexuality and Gay Rights,</i> Public Opinion Quarterly, Volume 67, Number 1, Pp. 59–78</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Herek, G.M. (1991). <i>Stigma, prejudice, and violence against lesbians and gay men.</i> In: J. Gonsiorek & J. Weinrich (Eds.), "Homosexuality: Research implications for public policy" (pp. 60–80). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kyes, K.B. & Tumbelaka, L. (1994). <i>Comparison of Indonesian and American college students' attitudes toward homosexuality.</i> Psychological Reports, 74, 227–237.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/USA0103.pdf">"Uniform Discrimination: The "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" Policy of the U.S. Military"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Uniform+Discrimination%3A+The+%22Don%27t+Ask%2C+Don%27t+Tell%22+Policy+of+the+U.S.+Military&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Freports%2FUSA0103.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna25575198">"Study: Military gays don't undermine unit"</a>. <i>NBC News</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Study%3A+Military+gays+don%27t+undermine+unit&rft.date=2008-07-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fid%2Fwbna25575198&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://psychology.ucdavis.edu/rainbow/html/out_in_force.html">"Out In Force"</a>. <i>ucdavis.edu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081012215147/http://psychology.ucdavis.edu/Rainbow/html/out_in_force.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2008-10-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-11-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ucdavis.edu&rft.atitle=Out+In+Force&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpsychology.ucdavis.edu%2Frainbow%2Fhtml%2Fout_in_force.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090524194043/http://www.scouting.org/BoyScouts.aspx">"Boy Scouts"</a>. Scouting.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scouting.org/BoyScouts.aspx">the original</a> on 24 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Working to end discrimination against gays, atheists, agnostics, other non-theists, and all other groups in the Boy Scouts of America"</a>. <i>scoutingforall.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090315042258/http://www.scoutingforall.org/data/layer02/mission.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2009-03-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-03-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=scoutingforall.org&rft.atitle=Scouting+for+All%3A+Committed+to+Scouting%2C+Open+to+Diversity.+Working+to+end+discrimination+against+gays%2C+atheists%2C+agnostics%2C+other+non-theists%2C+and+all+other+groups+in+the+Boy+Scouts+of+America.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scoutingforall.org%2Fdata%2Flayer02%2Fmission.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130112130516/http://www.bsalegal.org/support-our-scouts-act-of-2005-261.asp">"Support our scouts act of 2005"</a>. BSALegal.org. 30 December 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bsalegal.org/support-our-scouts-act-of-2005-261.asp">the original</a> on 12 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Support+our+scouts+act+of+2005&rft.pub=BSALegal.org&rft.date=2005-12-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bsalegal.org%2Fsupport-our-scouts-act-of-2005-261.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090416213806/http://www.religionlink.org/tip_020624b.php">"Two-year anniversary of Supreme Court case"</a>. <i>religionlink.org</i>. 24 June 2002. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=religionlink.org&rft.atitle=Two-year+anniversary+of+Supreme+Court+case&rft.date=2002-06-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.religionlink.org%2Ftip_020624b.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050207120637/http://ffrf.org/timely/bsa.php">"Boy Scouts Of America Practices Discrimination"</a>. Freedom From Religion Foundation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ffrf.org/timely/bsa.php">the original</a> on 7 February 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Boy+Scouts+Of+America+Practices+Discrimination&rft.pub=Freedom+From+Religion+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fffrf.org%2Ftimely%2Fbsa.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jersey-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jersey_131-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070926235709/http://www.bsa-discrimination.org/html/njcouncil.html">"United Way to Continue Aid to Central Jersey Scouts"</a>. <i>NY Times</i>. 31 August 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bsa-discrimination.org/html/njcouncil.html">the original</a> on 26 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NY+Times&rft.atitle=United+Way+to+Continue+Aid+to+Central+Jersey+Scouts&rft.date=2001-08-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bsa-discrimination.org%2Fhtml%2Fnjcouncil.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060626123129/http://www.lambdalegal.org/cgi-bin/iowa/news/fact.html?record=1325">"The Impact of the Boy Scouts of America's Anti-Gay Discrimination"</a>. <i>lambdalegal.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lambdalegal.org/cgi-bin/iowa/news/fact.html?record=1325">the original</a> on 26 June 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lambdalegal.org&rft.atitle=The+Impact+of+the+Boy+Scouts+of+America%27s+Anti-Gay+Discrimination&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lambdalegal.org%2Fcgi-bin%2Fiowa%2Fnews%2Ffact.html%3Frecord%3D1325&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scoutingforall.org/data/layer02/international.html">"Scouting for All: Committed to Scouting, Open to Diversity. Working to end discrimination against gays, atheists, agnostics, other non-theists, and all other groups in the Boy Scouts of America"</a>. <i>scoutingforall.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110728005932/http://www.scoutingforall.org/data/layer02/international.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-07-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-03-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=scoutingforall.org&rft.atitle=Scouting+for+All%3A+Committed+to+Scouting%2C+Open+to+Diversity.+Working+to+end+discrimination+against+gays%2C+atheists%2C+agnostics%2C+other+non-theists%2C+and+all+other+groups+in+the+Boy+Scouts+of+America.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scoutingforall.org%2Fdata%2Flayer02%2Finternational.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTodd_Leopold,_CNN2015" class="citation web cs1">Todd Leopold, CNN (27 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2015/07/27/us/boy-scouts-gay-leaders-feat/">"Boy Scouts change policy on gay leaders"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150818080621/http://www.cnn.com/2015/07/27/us/boy-scouts-gay-leaders-feat">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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title="Bisexual rights">Bisexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender rights">Transgender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_human_rights" title="Intersex human rights">Intersex</a> rights</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_for_homosexuality" title="Capital punishment for homosexuality">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_LGBTQ_issues" title="Censorship of LGBTQ issues">Censorship of LGBTQ issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminalization_of_homosexuality" title="Criminalization of homosexuality">Criminalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decriminalization_of_homosexuality" title="Decriminalization of homosexuality">Decriminalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_transgender_people" title="Legal status of transgender people">Legal status of transgender people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_conversion_therapy" title="Legality of conversion therapy">Legality of conversion therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQI%2B_rights_at_the_United_Nations" title="LGBTQI+ rights at the United Nations">LGBTQI+ rights at the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_rights_activists" title="List of LGBTQ rights activists">Activists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_movements" title="LGBTQ movements">Movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_rights_organizations" title="List of LGBTQ rights organizations">Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Societal_attitudes_toward_homosexuality" title="Societal attitudes toward homosexuality">Societal attitudes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_student_movement" title="LGBTQ student movement">Student movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_LGBTQ_history" title="Timeline of LGBTQ history">Timeline of LGBTQ history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_movement" title="Transgender rights movement">Transgender rights movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_by_country_or_territory" title="LGBTQ rights by country or territory">By regions</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_rights_articles_by_region" title="List of LGBTQ rights articles by region">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_the_Americas" title="LGBTQ rights in the Americas">Americas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBTQ rights in North America">North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_South_America" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBTQ rights in South America">South America</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Europe">Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the European Union">European Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Oceania" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Oceania">Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Middle_East" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the Middle East">Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_La_Francophonie" title="LGBT rights in La Francophonie">La Francophonie</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_post-Soviet_states" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the post-Soviet states">Post-Soviet states</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Table_of_years_in_LGBTQ_rights" title="Table of years in LGBTQ rights">By years</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_LGBTQ_rights" title="List of years in LGBTQ rights">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/18th_century_in_LGBT_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="18th century in LGBT rights">1700s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_century_in_LGBT_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="19th century in LGBT rights">1800s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900%E2%80%931949_in_LGBT_rights" title="1900–1949 in LGBT rights">1900–1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950s_in_LGBT_rights" title="1950s in LGBT rights">1950s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960s_in_LGBT_rights" title="1960s in LGBT rights">1960s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/1970s_in_LGBT_rights" title="1970s in LGBT rights">1970s</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1970_in_LGBT_rights" title="1970 in LGBT rights">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_in_LGBT_rights" title="1971 in LGBT rights">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_in_LGBT_rights" title="1972 in LGBT rights">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_in_LGBT_rights" title="1973 in LGBT rights">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_in_LGBT_rights" title="1974 in LGBT rights">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_in_LGBT_rights" title="1975 in LGBT rights">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_in_LGBT_rights" title="1976 in LGBT rights">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_in_LGBT_rights" title="1977 in LGBT rights">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_in_LGBT_rights" title="1978 in LGBT rights">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_in_LGBT_rights" title="1979 in LGBT rights">1979</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1980s_in_LGBT_rights&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1980s in LGBT rights (page does not exist)">1980s</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_LGBT_rights" title="1980 in LGBT rights">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_in_LGBT_rights" title="1981 in LGBT rights">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_in_LGBT_rights" title="1982 in LGBT rights">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_LGBT_rights" title="1983 in LGBT rights">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_in_LGBT_rights" title="1984 in LGBT rights">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_in_LGBT_rights" title="1985 in LGBT rights">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_in_LGBT_rights" title="1986 in LGBT rights">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_in_LGBT_rights" title="1987 in LGBT rights">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_in_LGBT_rights" title="1988 in LGBT rights">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_in_LGBT_rights" title="1989 in LGBT rights">1989</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_LGBT_rights&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1990s in LGBT rights (page does not exist)">1990s</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_LGBT_rights" title="1990 in LGBT rights">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_LGBT_rights" title="1991 in LGBT rights">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_in_LGBT_rights" title="1992 in LGBT rights">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_in_LGBT_rights" title="1993 in LGBT rights">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_in_LGBT_rights" title="1994 in LGBT rights">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_in_LGBT_rights" title="1995 in LGBT rights">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_in_LGBT_rights" title="1996 in LGBT rights">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_in_LGBT_rights" title="1997 in LGBT rights">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_in_LGBT_rights" title="1998 in LGBT rights">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_in_LGBT_rights" title="1999 in LGBT rights">1999</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000s_in_LGBTQ_rights&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2000s in LGBTQ rights (page does not exist)">2000s</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_in_LGBTQ_rights" title="2000 in LGBTQ rights">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_in_LGBTQ_rights" title="2001 in LGBTQ rights">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_in_LGBTQ_rights" title="2002 in LGBTQ rights">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_in_LGBTQ_rights" title="2003 in LGBTQ rights">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_in_LGBTQ_rights" title="2004 in LGBTQ rights">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_in_LGBTQ_rights" title="2005 in LGBTQ rights">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_in_LGBTQ_rights" title="2006 in LGBTQ rights">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_in_LGBTQ_rights" title="2007 in LGBTQ rights">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_in_LGBTQ_rights" title="2008 in LGBTQ rights">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_in_LGBTQ_rights" title="2009 in LGBTQ rights">2009</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/2010s_in_LGBTQ_rights" title="2010s in LGBTQ rights">2010s</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_in_LGBTQ_rights" title="2010 in LGBTQ rights">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_in_LGBTQ_rights" title="2011 in LGBTQ rights">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_in_LGBTQ_rights" title="2012 in LGBTQ rights">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_in_LGBTQ_rights" title="2013 in LGBTQ rights">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_in_LGBTQ_rights" title="2014 in LGBTQ rights">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_in_LGBTQ_rights" title="2015 in LGBTQ rights">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_in_LGBTQ_rights" title="2016 in LGBTQ rights">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_in_LGBTQ_rights" title="2017 in LGBTQ rights">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_in_LGBTQ_rights" title="2018 in LGBTQ rights">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_LGBTQ_rights" title="2019 in LGBTQ rights">2019</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2020s_in_LGBTQ_rights&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2020s in LGBTQ rights (page does not exist)">2020s</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_in_LGBTQ_rights" title="2020 in LGBTQ rights">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_in_LGBTQ_rights" title="2021 in LGBTQ rights">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_in_LGBTQ_rights" title="2022 in LGBTQ rights">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_in_LGBTQ_rights" title="2023 in LGBTQ rights">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_in_LGBTQ_rights" title="2024 in LGBTQ rights">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communism_and_LGBT_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Communism and LGBT rights">Communism and LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_conservatism" title="LGBTQ conservatism">LGBTQ conservatism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">LGBTQ rights opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_LGBT_rights" title="Libertarian perspectives on LGBT rights">Libertarian perspectives on LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_anarchism" title="Queer anarchism">Queer anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_radicalism" title="Queer radicalism">Queer radicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_and_LGBT_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialism and LGBT rights">Socialism and LGBT rights</a></li></ul> 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