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Bibliographie </a> </li> </ul> <button class="btn btn-sm btn-universalis" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#free-toc" aria-expanded="false" title="Afficher / masquer le sommaire"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-fw fa-eye"></i> Sommaire </button> </div> <h1 class="mb-1"> <strong>MÉSOLITHIQUE</strong> </h1> <ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><div class="content paged type-article" ><div class="block_1" data-ucode="yL113221_0"><i class="anchor" id="yL113221_0"></i><p> Lorsque John Lubbock créa en 1865 les termes <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le Paléolithique (« la pierre ancienne ») est la période au cours de laquelle l'espèce humaine s'est transformée physiquement, passant du stade de l'Australopithèque à celui de l' Homo sapiens moderne. Cette transformation paléontologique s'est accompagnée d'une mutation technologique, sociale et psychologique. Elle a duré un temps considérable, débutant il y a environ 3 millions d..." title="Article : PALÉOLITHIQUE" href="/encyclopedie/paleolithique/">Paléolithique</a> (pierre ancienne) et <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le Néolithique correspond à une époque des temps préhistoriques que l'on situe aujourd'hui pour l'Europe entre — 6 000 et — 3 000 mais qui a des chronologies variables dans les autres régions du monde. Pour les premiers préhistoriens comme John Lubbock, qui a créé le terme en 1865, le Néolithique correspondait à l'Âge de la pierre polie et on le plaçait alors entre le Pa..." title="Article : NÉOLITHIQUE" href="/encyclopedie/neolithique/">Néolithique</a> (pierre nouvelle) pour désigner les principales étapes de la préhistoire de l'humanité, il semblait qu'un abîme séparait l'âge du renne de celui de la pierre polie. À partir de 1870, E. Cartailhac et plusieurs autres savants défendirent opiniâtrement la théorie d'un « hiatus » dans l'occupation de l'Europe entre ces deux périodes ; cette interruption se manifestait clairement, croyait-on, par une discontinuité dans l'évolution des hommes et des techniques : remplacement d'un type humain dolichocéphale, chasseur de rennes, par un autre, brachycéphale, pasteur et agriculteur, connaissant la céramique et le polissage de la pierre. Les vestiges abandonnés par ces populations si différentes étaient séparés par le « Diluvium rouge » ou par d'épais planchers stalagmitiques, dépôts d'un cataclysme dans lequel certains continuaient à voir le Déluge. Mais, en 1883, dans son ouvrage <em>Le Préhistorique</em>, G. de Mortillet, écrivait : « Cet hiatus n'est pas réel, il n'existe que dans le résultat de nos études et nos recherches actuelles. » En effet, cette lacune sera comblée, dans son tableau de l'évolution des industries préhistoriques, par l'adoption du Campignien, créé par P. Salmon en 1891, puis par la création du Tourassien (= Azilien) en 1894 et enfin par celle du <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le Tardenoisien est une culture mésolithique caractérisée par des armatures de flèche en forme de triangle dans les stades anciens et de trapèze dans les stades récents ; leur dimension est en général inférieure à 2,5 centimètres. Le Tardenoisien s'étend de 7000 à 4000 avant J.-C., il couvre le Bassin parisien et le centre de la France...." title="Article : TARDENOISIEN" href="/encyclopedie/tardenoisien/">Tardenoisien</a> en 1897 ; ces industries seront ensuite rassemblées pour former la période mésolithique.</p><p>En 1909, J. de Morgan donna au terme Mésolithique le contenu admis aujourd'hui par la plupart des préhistoriens, en y regroupant les industries placées entre le Magdalénien, dernière culture du Paléolithique supérieur, et le Néolithique. En 1931, G. Goury distingua dans le Mésolithique une phase ancienne, l' <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="On a d'abord désigné sous ce terme les civilisations à l'outillage largement composé de microlithes apparues après la dernière glaciation, et précédant le Néolithique . On tend aujourd'hui, surtout au Proche-Orient, à qualifier d'Épipaléolithique toute industrie à dominante microlithique de la fin du Paléolithique supérieur, même si elle se situe avant la fin du dernier glaciair..." title="Article : ÉPIPALÉOLITHIQUE" href="/encyclopedie/epipaleolithique/">Épipaléolithique</a> (comportant l'<a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="L’Azilien est une culture épipaléolithique , mise en évidence en 1889 par Édouard Piette dans la grotte du Mas-d'Azil. Ce faciès succède directement au Magdalénien final dans de nombreux sites français et espagnols et correspond aux premiers temps postglaciaires. Il se situe autour de 8 000 ans avant notre ère. Il est caractérisé par des pointes aziliennes, lames courtes à bord re..." title="Article : AZILIEN" href="/encyclopedie/azilien/">Azilien</a> et le Sauveterrien), et une phase récente, le Prénéolithique (le Tardenoisien). J.-G. Rozoy rejette le terme Mésolithique, qui impliquerait l'idée de transition entre l'économie des chasseurs et celle des agriculteurs, c'est-à-dire une orientation vers la production des aliments ; cela ne correspond pas, selon lui, aux données archéologiques ; cependant, les caractères de l'outillage nécessitent l'emploi d'un terme soulignant la continuité avec le Paléolithique ; aussi cet auteur préfère-t-il utiliser le terme Épipaléolithique.</p><p>En Europe centrale et méridionale, il n'existe pas, à proprement parler, de Mésolithique ; en effet, la transition est insensible entre les cultures de la fin de la dernière glaciation et celles du Postglaciaire, nommées cultures du Tardigravettien et de l'Épitardigravettien.</p><div class="clearfix"></div></div><div class="block_1" data-ucode="yL113221_1"><i class="anchor" id="yL113221_1"></i><h2>Les grands groupes culturels du Mésolithique européen</h2><div class="clearfix"></div><div class="media-container float-md-start me-2 col-md-3 text-center"><figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"><a data-ucode="V141030" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Environnement et cultures" href="/media/environnement-et-cultures-v141030/"><img id="V141030" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/f/b/csm_v141030_18288933ba.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Environnement et cultures - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Environnement et cultures au Mésolithique." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="1717" height="800" /></a><figcaption class="figure-caption"><p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Environnement et cultures </p><p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p></figcaption></figure></div><p>Le Mésolithique européen a été divisé par S. K. Kozłowski en trois grandes entités, les techno-complexes nord-oriental, septentrional et occidental. Le premier de ces ensembles se serait développé à partir du Paléolithique sibérien (culture d'Angara), le deuxième serait issu de divers faciès de l'Ahrensbourgien (Paléolithique final) de l'Europe moyenne et du Nord-Ouest, et le troisième proviendrait du Paléolithique final des côtes occidentales de la Méditerranée.</p><p>Le <em>complexe nord-oriental</em> comprend les cultures du Niemen, de la Volga-Oka, de Kunda, de Kama et de Yangelka ; il couvre un territoire qui s'étend du nord-ouest de la Pologne à l'Oural et du nord de l'Ukraine à la mer de Barents. Le <em>complexe septentrional</em> englobe les cultures du <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le Maglemosien est une culture mésolithique caractérisée par des haches en pierre, des armatures triangulaires en silex et un outillage en os et en bois de cerf abondant, varié et souvent décoré. Il s'étend de 7600 à 5800 avant J.-C. et couvre les pays du nord et du nord-ouest de l'Europe...." title="Article : MAGLEMOSIEN" href="/encyclopedie/maglemosien/">Maglemosien</a>, celle de Duvensee, les cultures de Kongemose, d'Ertebølle et de Janislawice. Il couvre l'Angleterre, les <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Deux fils conducteurs particuliers marquent l'histoire des Pays-Bas. D'une part, outre les changements des frontières politiques à l'est et au sud, qui constituent toujours une bonne partie de l'histoire d'un peuple, les Pays-Bas connaissent un problème spécifique : les invasions et les reconquêtes sur la mer qui, depuis deux mille ans, n'ont cessé de remodeler profondément les contours �..." title="Article : PAYS-BAS" href="/encyclopedie/pays-bas/">Pays-Bas</a>, le <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le Danemark proprement dit se situe entre 54 0 et 58 0 de latitude nord et entre 8 0 et 15 0 de longitude est. Deux territoires autonomes font toutefois partie intégrante du royaume : les îles Féroé , en plein océan Atlantique, au nord de l' Écosse , et le Groenland ( Grønland ), la plus grande île du monde, le long de la côte est du continent nord-américain.. Le pays est ento..." title="Article : DANEMARK" href="/encyclopedie/danemark/">Danemark</a>, le sud de la Suède, le nord de l'Allemagne, la Pologne, la Lituanie et la Biélorussie. Le <em>complexe occidental</em>, comprenant<a href="javascript:" title="Lire la suite" class="read-more ms-1">[...]</a></p></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div><ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><div class="folio-block"><p class="folio-block-title text-center text-uc"><strong>La suite de cet article est accessible aux abonnés</strong></p><ul class="list-unstyled"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Des contenus variés, complets et fiables</li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Accessible sur tous les écrans</li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Pas de publicité</li></ul><p class="text-center"><a href="/abonnement/" class="btn btn-cta text-uc" id="folio-button" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="Block bottom">Découvrez nos offres </a></p><p class="text-center text-sm"> Déjà abonné ? <a href="/identification/" id="folio-login">Se connecter</a></p></div><div id="ad_mpuslot" class="pub-container text-center"><div class="pub-placeholder"></div></div><section class="mt-3 mb-5"><i class="anchor" id="L113221_AUTHORS"></i><p class="title-minor">Écrit par</p><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item" data-dc-author="ORLIAC, Michel"><a title="Auteur : Michel ORLIAC" rel="author" href="/auteurs/michel-orliac/"><strong>Michel ORLIAC</strong></a> : chercheur au C.N.R.S. </li></ul></section><section class="mb-5"><div class="text-center mb-3 d-print-none"><a class="d-inline-flex flex-row justify-content-center align-items-center btn btn-light btn-large text-start" title="Carte mentale : MÉSOLITHIQUE" href="/carte-mentale/mesolithique/"><i class="fa fa-sitemap fa-rotate-270 me-1 fs-1 text-universalis"></i><p class="m-0"><strong class="fs-4">Carte mentale</strong><br /> Élargissez votre recherche dans Universalis </p></a></div></section> <section class="mb-5 article-classification" data-print-label="la classification" data-print-target=".article-classification"> <i class="anchor" id="yL113221_ROOT_LINES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Classification</p> <nav aria-label="Classification 1"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Histoire" href="/classification/histoire/"> Histoire </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Histoire : chronologie" href="/classification/histoire/histoire-chronologie/"> Histoire : chronologie </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Préhistoire" href="/classification/histoire/histoire-chronologie/prehistoire/"> Préhistoire </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" data-dc-subject="Mésolithique"> <a title="Classification : Mésolithique" href="/classification/histoire/histoire-chronologie/prehistoire/mesolithique/"> Mésolithique </a> </li> </ol> </nav> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none"> <i class="anchor" id="yL113221_MEDIAS"></i> <p class="title-minor">Médias</p> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-md-4 text-center p-1"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V141030" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Environnement et cultures" href="/media/environnement-et-cultures-v141030/"> <img id="V141030" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/f/b/csm_v141030_18288933ba.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Environnement et cultures - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Environnement et cultures au Mésolithique." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="1717" height="800" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Environnement et cultures </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-4 text-center p-1"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V141034B" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Armatures de flèches" href="/media/armatures-de-fleches-v141034b/"> <img id="V141034B" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/6/2/csm_v141034b_ee4bc168e8.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Armatures de flèches - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Armes de chasse et outils pour le travail du bois." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="768" height="481" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Armatures de flèches </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-4 text-center p-1"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V141034C" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Arcs et flèches" href="/media/arcs-et-fleches-v141034c/"> <img id="V141034C" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/5/7/csm_v141034c_49ab88bc46.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Arcs et flèches - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Armes de chasse et outils pour le travail du bois." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="768" height="481" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Arcs et flèches </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="text-center"> <a class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" rel="related" href="/medias/mesolithique/"> Afficher les 20 médias de l'article <span class="rg">MÉSOLITHIQUE</span> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </div> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none learn-more"> <i class="anchor" id="yL113221_REFERENCES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Autres références</p> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/asie-centrale/#c32513"> <span class="rg">ASIE CENTRALE</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Henri-Paul FRANCFORT</span> et <span rel="author">Frantz GRENET</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">9 700 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">4 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : ASIE CENTRALE" href="/encyclopedie/asie-centrale/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Asie centrale : principaux sites - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/c/c/csm_v030180_387c9f0544.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> L'industrie lithique comprend désormais des microlithes géométriques à l'époque du <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Lorsque John Lubbock créa en 1865 les termes Paléolithique (pierre ancienne) et Néolithique (pierre nouvelle) pour désigner les principales étapes de la préhistoire de l'humanité, il semblait qu'un abîme séparait l'âge du renne de celui de la pierre polie. À partir de 1870, E. Cartailhac et plusieurs autres savants défendirent opiniâtrement la théorie d'un « hiatus » dans l'..." title="Article : MÉSOLITHIQUE" href="/encyclopedie/mesolithique/">Mésolithique</a>, mais pas dans l'<a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="On a d'abord désigné sous ce terme les civilisations à l'outillage largement composé de microlithes apparues après la dernière glaciation, et précédant le Néolithique . On tend aujourd'hui, surtout au Proche-Orient, à qualifier d'Épipaléolithique toute industrie à dominante microlithique de la fin du Paléolithique supérieur, même si elle se situe avant la fin du dernier glaciair..." title="Article : ÉPIPALÉOLITHIQUE" href="/encyclopedie/epipaleolithique/">Épipaléolithique</a> qui voit se prolonger l'ancienne industrie locale sur galets. Dans les parages de la <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="La mer Caspienne (appelée en russe Kaspiïskoïe More , en persan Darya-ye Khazar ou Darya-ye Mazandaran ), plus grande étendue d'eau continentale au monde, est située à l'est du Caucase et à l'ouest de l'immense steppe d' Asie centrale . Son nom proviendrait des Caspi, anciennes populations scythes de la Transcaucasie, région située à l'ouest de ses côtes. Parmi ses autres a..." title="Article : MER CASPIENNE" href="/encyclopedie/mer-caspienne/">mer Caspienne</a>, les grottes de Djebel ont abrité des chasseurs... </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/chinoise-civilisation-les-arts/#c32513"> <span class="rg">CHINOISE CIVILISATION - </span><span class="rm">Les arts</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Corinne DEBAINE-FRANCFORT</span> , <span rel="author">Daisy LION-GOLDSCHMIDT</span> , <span rel="author">Michel NURIDSANY</span> , <span rel="author">Madeleine PAUL-DAVID</span> , <span rel="author">Michèle PIRAZZOLI-t'SERSTEVENS</span> , <span rel="author">Pierre RYCKMANS</span> et <span rel="author">Alain THOTE</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">54 368 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">37 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : CHINOISE CIVILISATION - Les arts" href="/encyclopedie/chinoise-civilisation-les-arts/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="La Cité interdite - crédits : pinholeimaging/ Shutterstock" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/5/9/csm_ph99i425_0ce30dc8da.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> Les cultures autrefois attribuées au <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Lorsque John Lubbock créa en 1865 les termes Paléolithique (pierre ancienne) et Néolithique (pierre nouvelle) pour désigner les principales étapes de la préhistoire de l'humanité, il semblait qu'un abîme séparait l'âge du renne de celui de la pierre polie. À partir de 1870, E. Cartailhac et plusieurs autres savants défendirent opiniâtrement la théorie d'un « hiatus » dans l'..." title="Article : MÉSOLITHIQUE" href="/encyclopedie/mesolithique/">Mésolithique</a> en Chine du Sud étant actuellement plutôt rattachées au Néolithique, la plupart des vestiges de cette période encore mal connue proviennent de Chine du Nord. Le concept de culture microlithique, qui a longtemps défini le Mésolithique, est aujourd'hui... </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/europe-prehistoire-et-protohistoire/#c32513"> <span class="rg">EUROPE, </span><em class="it">préhistoire et protohistoire</em> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Gérard BAILLOUD</span> , <span rel="author"> Encyclopædia Universalis</span> , <span rel="author">Jean GUILAINE</span> , <span rel="author">Michèle JULIEN</span> , <span rel="author">Bruno MAUREILLE</span> , <span rel="author">Michel ORLIAC</span> et <span rel="author">Alain TURQ</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">21 406 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">22 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : EUROPE, pr&eacute;histoire et protohistoire" href="/encyclopedie/europe-prehistoire-et-protohistoire/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Éclats en silex, Orce, Andalousie - crédits : A.Turq" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/1/2/csm_pa081344_44939f1592.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> Si la fin des temps glaciaires en Europe n'entraîne pas de notables transformations dans la nature des habitats des hommes du Mésolithique, on assiste au Moyen-Orient à une évolution plus rapide. Dès 10 000 ans avant notre ère, les maisons-fosses du Natoufien (dont l'agencement n'est pas sans rappeler... </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/figuration-paleolithique-et-neolithique/#c32513"> <span class="rg">FIGURATION, </span><em class="it">paléolithique et néolithique</em> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Jean-Paul DEMOULE</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">4 571 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">6 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : FIGURATION, pal&eacute;olithique et n&eacute;olithique" href="/encyclopedie/figuration-paleolithique-et-neolithique/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Aurochs et chevaux, Lascaux - crédits : Fine Art Images/ Heritage Images/ Getty Images" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/4/e/csm_ph992008_d831198107.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> ...et rennes remontent vers le nord. L’art du Paléolithique supérieur se dissout et se fragmente entre des communautés isolées, dans des sociétés appelées mésolithiques. Dans les Pyrénées, ce sont des galets peints de motifs géométriques élémentaires, galets que l’on retrouve gravés dans le Jura. 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