Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice

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this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,R.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[he,w,N,Ne,_e,_,D,ot,ct,je,nt],loaderType:"spa"})})()})();</script><meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /><meta http-equiv="Expires" content="0" /><meta name="DCSext.FullHTMLview" content="1" /><meta name="WT.cg_n" content="njcp" /><meta name="WT.cg_s" content="Articles,Open Access Articles" /><meta name="wkhealth_journal_title" content="Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice" /><meta name="wkhealth_journal_title_legacy" content="Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice" /><meta name="wkhealth_issue" content="12" /><meta name="wkhealth_article_publication_date" content="December 29, 2023" /><meta name="wkhealth_volume" content="26" /><meta name="wkhealth_ovid_accession_number" content="01253091-202326120-00011" /><meta name="wkhealth_issn" content="1119-3077" /><meta name="wkhealth_title" content="Percutaneous Radiofrequency Disc Decompression: A Study of 27 Patients" /><meta name="wkhealth_authors" content="Živković, N;Ruetten, S;Tasić, G;Janicijević, A;Jelena, K;Nikola, J;Andjelković, I;Jovanović, S" /><meta name="wkhealth_doi" content="10.4103/njcp.njcp_375_23" /><meta name="wkhealth_abstract_html_url" content="https://journals.lww.com/njcp/abstract/2023/26120/percutaneous_radiofrequency_disc_decompression__a.11.aspx" /><meta name="wkhealth_fulltext_html_url" content="https://journals.lww.com/njcp/fulltext/2023/26120/percutaneous_radiofrequency_disc_decompression__a.11.aspx" /><meta name="wkhealth_toc_section" content="Original Article" /><meta name="wkhealth_toc_sub_section" /><meta name="wkhealth_eJpId" content="njcp:2023:26120:00011" /><meta name="wkhealth_firstpage" content="1850" /><meta name="wkhealth_date" content="December 2023" /><meta name="wkhealth_pdf_url" content="https://journals.lww.com/njcp/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/downloadpdf.aspx?trckng_src_pg=Other&an=01253091-202326120-00011" /><meta name="Description" content="Background: Percutaneous radiofrequency nucleoplasty is a true minimally invasive technique for t" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="LWW" /><meta property="og:type" content="article" /><meta property="og:title" content="Percutaneous Radiofrequency Disc Decompression: A Study of... : Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice" /><meta property="og:description" content="erve root. Material and Methods: Our study is a prospective analysis of 27 patients aged from 30 to 64 years with lumbar disc protrusion who were treated with percutaneous radiofrequency disc decompression (PRFD) between May 2018 and May 2019. Clinical follow-up was reported at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. The outcomes were assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) and MacNab score. Results: Of the 27 patients, 14 were female and 13 were male. Their mean age was 53 ± 2 years. In all 27 patients, percutaneous radiofrequency nucleotomy was performed. An excellent outcome as reflected by MacNab score was observed in 17 patients (63%), a good outcome in 8 patients (29.7%), and a poor outcome in 2 patients (7.3%). Prior to treatment, the average back and leg VAS scores were 7.95 and 7.82, respectively. At sixth month follow-up, the back and leg VAS scores were reduced to 3.17 and 3.04, respectively. Patients with a poor outcome developed early recurrent disc prolapse and required endoscopic discectomy. Conclusion: PRFD is a safe and effective treatment of contained disc protrusion. PRFD is a good alternative to surgery. These procedures significantly increase quality of life in patients with lumbar radiculopathy...." /><meta property="og:image" content="https://images.journals.lww.com/njcp/SocialThumb.01253091-202326120-00011.T1.jpeg" /><meta property="og:image:width" content="507" /><meta property="og:image:height" content="208" /><meta property="og:url" content="https://journals.lww.com/njcp/fulltext/2023/26120/percutaneous_radiofrequency_disc_decompression__a.11.aspx" /><meta property="twitter:card" content="summary" /><meta name="robots" content="index, follow, noarchive" /><meta name="WT.sv" content="ZUSE1PEJPWEB04" /><meta name="Title" content="Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice" /><style id="SPThemeHideForms" type="text/css">body {opacity:0 !important}</style>  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Arvo:400,400i,700|Fira+Sans:300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,600,600i,700,700i&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /> <script> // temporary workaround for Bug 316328:[Stage][Registration][Regression 05.04] - Omniture events are not displayed for article viewer page // prevents JS exception in Adobe launch.js caused by situation when wkhealth_institution_type meta tag is present while wkhealth_institution_name tag is not in the page head // see this check in Adobe launch.js: null != document.querySelector("meta[name='wkhealth_institution_name']") ... // TODO: implement proper code fix after release 05.04.00 deployment var wkhealth_institution_type = document.querySelector("meta[name='wkhealth_institution_type']"); var wkhealth_institution_name = document.querySelector("meta[name='wkhealth_institution_name']"); console.warn(wkhealth_institution_type); console.warn(wkhealth_institution_name); if (wkhealth_institution_type && !wkhealth_institution_name) { console.warn('Workaround in release 05.04.00 - removing wkhealth_institution_type meta tag if wkhealth_institution_name is not present'); wkhealth_institution_type.remove(); } </script> <link 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WRkZAUmZ19jMjZkYmRmNV81NTVlXzQxNDNfOTkwZV85ZDA1MzUxNjkwMzUPZBYCZg9kFgICAg8WBB8DBS1lai1hZHZlcnRpc2VtZW50IGVqLWFkdmVydGlzZW1lbnQtYmFubmVyY29tYm8fAGcWAgIBDxYEHwIF4AM8ZGl2IGlkPSJnYV82NTNiNjJjZC05YWNjLTRiZGYtOWU5MS1iOWIyOGQyZTRlMTUiIGNsYXNzPSJhZC1zbG90LWNvbnRhaW5lciBhZC1zbG90LWNvbnRhaW5lci1nYV82NTNiNjJjZC05YWNjLTRiZGYtOWU5MS1iOWIyOGQyZTRlMTUiIGRhdGEtc2l6ZW1hcD0iW1tbMTA1MCwgMjAwXSwgW1szMDAsIDYwMF0sIFszMDAsIDI1MF0sIFsxNjAsIDYwMF1dXSwgW1s3MzAsIDYwMF0sIFtbMzAwLCA2MDBdLCBbMzAwLCAyNTBdXV0sIFsgWyAwLCAwIF0sIFsgWzMwMCwgMjUwXSBdIF0gXSIgZGF0YS1hZHBhdGg9Ii8xNTcyNjcwMjc2MS9EZXNrdG9wL25qY3AvQXJ0aWNsZS9SaWdodDEiIGRhdGEtYXV0b2xvYWQ9Im5vIiBkYXRhLW91dG9mcGFnZT0ibm8iIGRhdGEtc3RpY2t5PSJubyIgZGF0YS1zbG90dGFyZ2V0aW5nPScnIGRhdGEtZGlzcGxheXNsdWc9InllcyIgZGF0YS1zdGlja3ktZHVyYXRpb249IjAiIGRhdGEtbmFtZT0iUmlnaHQxIj48L2Rpdj4fAGdkAgkPFgIfAGgWAgIFD2QWAgIDDxYCHwBoFgJmD2QWBAICD2QWBgIBDxYCHwBoZAIDDxYCHwBoZAIFDxYCHwBoZAIDDw8WAh4JQWNjZXNzS2V5BQEvZGQCCw9kFgICAQ8PFgIfAGhkZAIND2QWAgIBD2QWAmYPZBYCZg8PFgIfAGhkZAITD2QWAgIBD2QWAmYPZBYCAgIPFgQfAwUqZWotYWR2ZXJ0aXNlbWVudCBlai1hZHZlcnRpc2VtZW50LXRvcGNvbWJvHwBnFgICAQ8WBB8CBZEDPGRpdiBpZD0iZ2FfMjMxNmNiMWUtODRjYS00MDQ0LThhMGMtOGJkOWI2M2U0MTE3IiBjbGFzcz0iYWQtc2xvdC1jb250YWluZXIgYWQtc2xvdC1jb250YWluZXItZ2FfMjMxNmNiMWUtODRjYS00MDQ0LThhMGMtOGJkOWI2M2U0MTE3IiBkYXRhLXNpemVtYXA9IltbWzczMCwgNTAwXSwgW1s3MjgsIDkwXV1dLCBbWzAsIDBdLCBbWzMwMCwgNTBdXV1dIiBkYXRhLWFkcGF0aD0iLzE1NzI2NzAyNzYxL0Rlc2t0b3AvbmpjcC9BcnRpY2xlL1RvcCIgZGF0YS1hdXRvbG9hZD0ieWVzIiBkYXRhLW91dG9mcGFnZT0ibm8iIGRhdGEtc3RpY2t5PSJubyIgZGF0YS1zbG90dGFyZ2V0aW5nPScnIGRhdGEtZGlzcGxheXNsdWc9InllcyIgZGF0YS1zdGlja3ktZHVyYXRpb249IjUiIGRhdGEtbmFtZT0iVG9wIj48L2Rpdj4fAGdkAhUPZBYCZg9kFhBmD2QWBGYPZBYKAgEPFgIfAGgWBAIDD2QWEAIBDxYCHwBoFgICAQ8PFgIeC05hdmlnYXRlVXJsBaIBaHR0cHM6Ly9qb3VybmFscy5sd3cuY29tL25qY3Avc2VjdXJlL3BhZ2VzL215YWNjb3VudC5hc3B4P0NvbnRleHRVcmw9JTJmbmpjcCUyZmZ1bGx0ZXh0JTJmMjAyMyUyZjI2MTIwJTJmcGVyY3V0YW5lb3VzX3JhZGlvZnJlcXVlbmN5X2Rpc2NfZGVjb21wcmVzc2lvbl9fYS4xMS5hc3B4ZGQCAw8WAh8AaBYCAgEPDxYCHysFwwFodHRwczovL2pvdXJuYWxzLmx3dy5jb20vbmpjcC9zZWN1cmUvcGFnZXMvbXlhY2NvdW50LmFzcHg/Q29udGV4dFVybD0lMmZuamNwJTJmZnVsbHRleHQlMmYyMDIzJTJmMjYxMjAlMmZwZXJjdXRhbmVvdXNfcmFkaW9mcmVxdWVuY3lfZGlzY19kZWNvbXByZXNzaW9uX19hLjExLmFzcHgmZWRpdFdlYlBhcnQ9ZWRpdENoYW5nZVBhc3N3b3JkV1BkZAIFDxYCHwBoFgICAQ8PFgIfKwWkAWh0dHBzOi8vam91cm5hbHMubHd3LmNvbS9uamNwL3NlY3VyZS9wYWdlcy9teWZhdm9yaXRlcy5hc3B4P0NvbnRleHRVcmw9JTJmbmpjcCUyZmZ1bGx0ZXh0JTJmMjAyMyUyZjI2MTIwJTJmcGVyY3V0YW5lb3VzX3JhZGlvZnJlcXVlbmN5X2Rpc2NfZGVjb21wcmVzc2lvbl9fYS4xMS5hc3B4ZGQCBw9kFgICAQ8PFgIfKwW9AWh0dHBzOi8vam91cm5hbHMubHd3LmNvbS9uamNwL3NlY3VyZS9wYWdlcy9teWZhdm9yaXRlcy5hc3B4P0NvbnRleHRVcmw9JTJmbmpjcCUyZmZ1bGx0ZXh0JTJmMjAyMyUyZjI2MTIwJTJmcGVyY3V0YW5lb3VzX3JhZGlvZnJlcXVlbmN5X2Rpc2NfZGVjb21wcmVzc2lvbl9fYS4xMS5hc3B4JmNvbGxlY3Rpb249U2F2ZWRTZWFyY2hlc2RkAgsPZBYCAgEPDxYCHysFmgFodHRwczovL2pvdXJuYWxzLmx3dy5jb20vbmpjcC9wYWdlcy9yZWdpc3Rlci5hc3B4P0NvbnRleHRVcmw9JTJmbmpjcCUyZmZ1bGx0ZXh0JTJmMjAyMyUyZjI2MTIwJTJmcGVyY3V0YW5lb3VzX3JhZGlvZnJlcXVlbmN5X2Rpc2NfZGVjb21wcmVzc2lvbl9fYS4xMS5hc3B4ZGQCDQ9kFgICAQ8WAh8BBRlodHRwOi8vaGVhbHRoam9ic3BsdXMuY29tZAIPDxYCHwBnFgICAQ8PFgYfKwW3AWh0dHBzOi8vam91cm5hbHMubHd3LmNvbS9uamNwL3BhZ2VzL2xvZ2luLmFzcHg/Q29udGV4dFVybD0lMmZuamNwJTJmZnVsbHRleHQlMmYyMDIzJTJmMjYxMjAlMmZwZXJjdXRhbmVvdXNfcmFkaW9mcmVxdWVuY3lfZGlzY19kZWNvbXByZXNzaW9uX19hLjExLmFzcHgmUmVxdWVzdEZvcj1BY3RpdmF0ZVN1YnNjcmlwdGlvbh4HRW5hYmxlZGcfAGdkZAITDxYCHwBoFgICAQ8PFgIfKwWLAWh0dHBzOi8vam91cm5hbHMubHd3LmNvbS9uamNwL19sYXlvdXRzLzE1L29ha3Muam91cm5hbHMvbG9nb3V0LmFzcHg/Q29udGV4dFVybD1odHRwcyUzYSUyZiUyZmpvdXJuYWxzLmx3dy5jb20lMmZuamNwJTJmcGFnZXMlMmZkZWZhdWx0LmFzcHhkZAIFDxYCHwBoFgICAQ8UKwACZGRkAgMPFgIfAGdkAgQPZBYCAgEPDxYIHyQFIHVzZXItbWVudV9fbGluayBqcy1yZWdpc3Rlci1saW5rHysFmgFodHRwczovL2pvdXJuYWxzLmx3dy5jb20vbmpjcC9wYWdlcy9yZWdpc3Rlci5hc3B4P0NvbnRleHRVcmw9JTJmbmpjcCUyZmZ1bGx0ZXh0JTJmMjAyMyUyZjI2MTIwJTJmcGVyY3V0YW5lb3VzX3JhZGlvZnJlcXVlbmN5X2Rpc2NfZGVjb21wcmVzc2lvbl9fYS4xMS5hc3B4HyUCAh8AZxYCHycFVHsiZXZlbnROYW1lIjoiUmVnaXN0ZXIiLCJldmVudERldGFpbCI6eyJzb3VyY2UiOiJNYXN0aGVhZCBEcm9wZG93biJ9LCJpc051bGwiOmZhbHNlfWQCCA9kFgICAQ8PFgQfAgUTU3VibWl0IGEgTWFudXNjcmlwdB8rBTxodHRwczovL3ByZWZsaWdodC5wYXBlcnBhbC5jb20vcGFydG5lci93a21lZGtub3cvbmpjcC9zdWJtaXRkZAILD2QWAgIGD2QWAgIBD2QWAgIFDw8WBB8rBUFodHRwczovL2pvdXJuYWxzLmx3dy5jb20vbmpjcC9fbGF5b3V0cy9vYWtzLmpvdXJuYWxzL3ByaXZhY3kuYXNweB8CBQ5Qcml2YWN5IFBvbGljeWRkAgEPZBYGZg8QDxYGHg1EYXRhVGV4dEZpZWxkBQRUZXh0Hg5EYXRhVmFsdWVGaWVsZAUEVGV4dB8oZ2QQFQYDQWxsCEFydGljbGVzBkltYWdlcwZWaWRlb3MIUG9kY2FzdHMFQmxvZ3MVBgNBbGwIQXJ0aWNsZXMGSW1hZ2VzBlZpZGVvcwhQb2RjYXN0cwVCbG9ncxQrAwZnZ2dnZ2dkZAIFDw8WAh8rBTdodHRwczovL2pvdXJuYWxzLmx3dy5jb20vbmpjcC9wYWdlcy9hZHZhbmNlZHNlYXJjaC5hc3B4ZGQCBg8PFgIfLGhkZAIBDw8WAh8AaGRkAgIPDxYCHysFmgFodHRwczovL2pvdXJuYWxzLmx3dy5jb20vbmpjcC9wYWdlcy9yZWdpc3Rlci5hc3B4P0NvbnRleHRVcmw9JTJmbmpjcCUyZmZ1bGx0ZXh0JTJmMjAyMyUyZjI2MTIwJTJmcGVyY3V0YW5lb3VzX3JhZGlvZnJlcXVlbmN5X2Rpc2NfZGVjb21wcmVzc2lvbl9fYS4xMS5hc3B4ZGQCAw8PFgQfKwWiAWh0dHBzOi8vam91cm5hbHMubHd3LmNvbS9uamNwL3NlY3VyZS9wYWdlcy9teWFjY291bnQuYXNweD9Db250ZXh0VXJsPSUyZm5qY3AlMmZmdWxsdGV4dCUyZjIwMjMlMmYyNjEyMCUyZnBlcmN1d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alerts</span><span id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToAlertsActionToolLink_stickyText" class="showOnFixed">Get alerts</span></a> </li> <li id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_liDynamicItem" class="user-menu__item dib"> <i class="fa fa-stop user-menu__dynamic-item-icon"></i> <a id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_lnkDynamicItem" class="user-menu__link" href="https://preflight.paperpal.com/partner/wkmedknow/njcp/submit">Submit a Manuscript</a> </li> </ul> </section> <span id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_dummyTargetControl"></span> <div id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_pnlunSubscribeToAlerts" style="display: none;"> <div tabindex="-1" role="dialog" class="wk-modal horizontally-centered small wk-modal-with-overlay wk-modal-small ejp-modal"> <div id="ej-box-modal-style-1"> <div id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_pnlMain"> <div id="tocUnsubscribeModal" > <section class="wk-modal-content"> <header class="wk-modal-header ejp-modal-header"> <div class="wk-modal-title ejp-modal-title"></div> <button aria-label="close dialog" class="js-close primary-button wk-button-icon wk-modal-close ejp-modal-close "><i class="fa fa-times"></i></button> </header> <div class="wk-modal-body"> <div class="wk-field-item"> <p> <span id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_lblUnsubscribeMessage"></span> </p> <div class="wk-button-bar"> <div class="wk-button-group-left"> <p id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_pUnsubscribeButtons" Style="display: none;"> <input type="submit" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl$btnContinue" value="Yes" onclick="javascript:WebForm_DoPostBackWithOptions(new WebForm_PostBackOptions("ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl$btnContinue", "", true, "", "", false, false))" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_btnContinue" class="primary-button" /> <input type="button" value="No" id="btnCancel" aria-label="close dialog" class="js-close secondary-button" /> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="ej-clear-float"> </div> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl$hiddenUnSubscribeAlertType" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnSubscribeAlertType" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl$hiddenUnsubscribeJournalId" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnsubscribeJournalId" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl$hiddenUnsubscribeMessage" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnsubscribeMessage" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl$hiddenTopicalCollectionId" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenTopicalCollectionId" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl$hiddenOvidId" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenOvidId" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl$hiddenJournalId" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenJournalId" /> <script type="text/javascript"> function alerts_ShowUnSubscribeeTOCPopup(title, alertType, journalId) { var unSubscribeeTocPopup = $find('unSubscribeToAlerts'); var lblUnsubscribeMessage = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_lblUnsubscribeMessage'); lblUnsubscribeMessage.innerHTML = title; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnSubscribeAlertType').value = alertType; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnsubscribeMessage').value = title; $('#' + 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_pUnsubscribeButtons').show(); if (document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenJournalId').value == null || document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenJournalId').value == '') { document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenJournalId').value = journalId; } if (unSubscribeeTocPopup != null) { unSubscribeeTocPopup.show(); } } function alerts_ShowUnSubscribeeTOCPopup_Root(title, journalId, alertType) { var unSubscribeeTocPopup = $find('unSubscribeToAlerts'); var lblUnsubscribeMessage = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_lblUnsubscribeMessage'); lblUnsubscribeMessage.innerHTML = title; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnsubscribeMessage').value = title; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnSubscribeAlertType').value = alertType; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnsubscribeJournalId').value = journalId; $('#' + 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_pUnsubscribeButtons').show(); if (unSubscribeeTocPopup != null) { unSubscribeeTocPopup.show(); } } function alerts_ShowUnSubscribeeTOCPopup_Citation(title, journalId, ovidId) { var unSubscribeeTocPopup = $find('unSubscribeToAlerts'); var lblUnsubscribeMessage = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_lblUnsubscribeMessage'); lblUnsubscribeMessage.innerHTML = title; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnsubscribeMessage').value = title; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnSubscribeAlertType').value = 'Citation'; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnsubscribeJournalId').value = journalId; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenOvidId').value = ovidId; $('#' + 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_pUnsubscribeButtons').show(); if (unSubscribeeTocPopup != null) { unSubscribeeTocPopup.show(); } } function alerts_ShowUnSubscribeeTOCPopup_Topical(title, journalId, topicalCollectionId) { var unSubscribeeTocPopup = $find('unSubscribeToAlerts'); var lblUnsubscribeMessage = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_lblUnsubscribeMessage'); lblUnsubscribeMessage.innerHTML = title; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnsubscribeMessage').value = title; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnSubscribeAlertType').value = 'Topical'; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnsubscribeJournalId').value = journalId; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenTopicalCollectionId').value = topicalCollectionId; $('#' + 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_pUnsubscribeButtons').show(); if (document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenJournalId').value == null || document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenJournalId').value == '') { document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenJournalId').value = journalId; } if (unSubscribeeTocPopup != null) { unSubscribeeTocPopup.show(); } } function alerts_ShowUnSubscribeeTOCSuccessPopup() { var unSubscribeeTocPopup = $find('unSubscribeToAlerts'); if (unSubscribeeTocPopup != null) { unSubscribeeTocPopup.show(); } } $('.js-close').on('click', function() { var unSubscribeeTocPopup = $find('unSubscribeToAlerts'); if (unSubscribeeTocPopup != null) { unSubscribeeTocPopup.hide(); } return false; }); </script> <span id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_dummyTargetControl"></span> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$SubscribeToEtocPopupControl$hiddenSubscribeToEtocPopupState" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenSubscribeToEtocPopupState" value="showemail" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$SubscribeToEtocPopupControl$hiddenConfirmSubscriptionPageUrl" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenConfirmSubscriptionPageUrl" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$SubscribeToEtocPopupControl$hiddenJournalId" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenJournalId" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$SubscribeToEtocPopupControl$hiddenSubscriptionType" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenSubscriptionType" /> <div id="divPopupOverLay" class="Popup-Overlay" style="display: none; position: fixed; left: 0; top: 0; z-index: 3800; width: 1920px; height: 4517px;"></div> <div id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_pnlSubscribeToEtoc" class="etoc-popup ej-box-modal-drop-shadow" style="display: none;"> <div tabindex="-1" role="dialog" class="wk-modal horizontally-centered small wk-modal-with-overlay wk-modal-small ejp-modal"> <div id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_pnlMain" onkeypress="javascript:return WebForm_FireDefaultButton(event, 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_btnContinue')"> <section class="wk-modal-content"> <header class="wk-modal-header ejp-modal-header"> <div class="wk-modal-title ejp-modal-title"> <span id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_lblTitle"></span> </div> <button aria-label="close dialog" class="js-close primary-button wk-button-icon wk-modal-close ejp-modal-close "> <i class="fa fa-times"></i> </button> </header> <div class="wk-modal-body"> <div class="wk-field-item"> <div class="wk-field-body"> <strong> <span id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_lblThankYouMessage"></span></strong> </div> <div class="wk-field-body"> <span id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_cvEmailError" style="color:Black;display:none;"> <div class="ej-error-message"> <p class="ej-error-message-icon error-red"> </p> </div> </span> <label for="Email input">Enter your Email address:</label> <div class="wk-field-body"> <input name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$SubscribeToEtocPopupControl$txtEmailAddress" type="text" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_txtEmailAddress" class="ej-box-modal-style-1-input" /> </div> </div> <div class="wk-button-bar"> <div class="wk-button-group-left"> <input type="submit" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$SubscribeToEtocPopupControl$btnContinue" value="Continue" onclick="javascript:WebForm_DoPostBackWithOptions(new WebForm_PostBackOptions("ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$SubscribeToEtocPopupControl$btnContinue", "", true, "", "", false, false))" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_btnContinue" class="primary-button" /> <input type="button" value="Cancel" id="btnCancel" class="js-close secondary-button" /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wk-field-item"> <div class="wk-field-body"> <a id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hypPrivacy" href="https://journals.lww.com/njcp/_layouts/oaks.journals/privacy.aspx" target="_blank">Privacy Policy</a> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_pnlAuthenticatedUser" style="display: none;"> <section class="wk-modal-content"> <header class="wk-modal-header ejp-modal-header"> <div class="wk-modal-title ejp-modal-title"></div> <button aria-label="close dialog" class="js-close primary-button wk-button-icon wk-modal-close ejp-modal-close "><i class="fa fa-times"></i></button> </header> <div class="wk-modal-body"> <div class="wk-field-item"> <p> <strong> <span id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_lblAuthenticatedUserTitle"></span> </strong> </p> </div> <p id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_pAuthenticatedUserMessage"> </p> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div id="ej-clear-float"> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> function alerts_SaveSubscriptionTypeInHiddenField(url, subscriptionType, journalId, yearId, issueId, articleId) { if (journalId && yearId && issueId && articleId) { logCounterDataAlertWhenCitedSynchronously(journalId, yearId, issueId, articleId); } $('#' + 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenSubscriptionType').val(subscriptionType); $('#' + 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenJournalId').val(journalId); if (url) window.location = url; else __doPostBack('hypSubscribeToAlerts'); return false; } function alerts_ShowSubscribeeTOCPopup(journalTitle, journalId, subscriptionType, displaySubscriptionType) { $('#' + 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenSubscriptionType').val(subscriptionType); var subscribeToEtocPopup = $find('subscribeToEtoc'); subscribeToEtocPopup.show(); document.getElementsByTagName( 'html' )[0].classList.add('no-scroll'); var modelPopupState = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenSubscribeToEtocPopupState'); var emailTextBox = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_txtEmailAddress'); var thanksPanel = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_pnlAuthenticatedUser'); var mainPanel = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_pnlMain'); var thankYouMessageUnAuthenticated = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_lblThankYouMessage'); var thankYouMessageAuthenticated = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_lblAuthenticatedUserTitle'); if (!displaySubscriptionType) { displaySubscriptionType = subscriptionType; } if (modelPopupState.value == 'showthanksmessage') { thanksPanel.style.display = "block"; mainPanel.style.display = "none"; thankYouMessageAuthenticated.innerHTML = "Thank you for subscribing to the " + displaySubscriptionType + " for " + journalTitle + "."; } if (modelPopupState.value == 'showemail') { thanksPanel.style.display = "none"; mainPanel.style.display = "block"; thankYouMessageUnAuthenticated.innerHTML = "Thank you for choosing to subscribe to the " + displaySubscriptionType + " for " + journalTitle + "."; } if ($('.etoc-popup') != null) { document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenJournalId').value = journalId; if (modelPopupState.value == 'showemail') emailTextBox.focus(); } } $('.js-close').on('click', function () { document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_txtEmailAddress').value = ""; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_cvEmailError').style.display = "none"; var pageUrl = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenConfirmSubscriptionPageUrl'); var subscribeeTocPopup = $find('subscribeToEtoc'); if (subscribeeTocPopup != null) { subscribeeTocPopup.hide(); document.getElementsByTagName( 'html' )[0].classList.remove('no-scroll'); if (pageUrl.value !== '' && pageUrl.value !== window.location.pathname) window.location = pageUrl.value; } return false; }); </script> <div id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_eTocTopContainer"> <div id="eTocTop" style="display: none;"> <a rel="nofollow" title href="javascript:javascript: alerts_ShowSubscribeeTOCPopup('Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice','njcp','eTOC', 'eTOC');;" onclick="javascript: alerts_ShowSubscribeeTOCPopup('Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice','njcp','eTOC', 'eTOC');"><span id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_alertLinkControlTop_defaultText" class="hideOnFixed">Subscribe to eTOC</span></a> </div> </div> <script> $(function () { //find recent searches link and move container var recentSearchesControl = $("a[id$='RecentSearches']"); if (recentSearchesControl.length) { recentSearchesControl.click(function (e) { e.stopPropagation(); if ($("#ResentSearchContainer").is(":hidden")) { $("#ResentSearchContainer").slideDown("slow"); recentSearchesControl.addClass('open'); } else { $("#ResentSearchContainer").hide(); recentSearchesControl.removeClass('open'); } }); } var eTocAccountLink = $("ul.js-user-action-toolbar__dropdown>li>a[id='SubscribeToEToc']"); if (eTocAccountLink.length) { eTocAccountLink.parent().html($("#eTocTop>a")); } }); </script> <a class="logo-secondary white" href="http://wolterskluwer.com/" target="_blank"> <h3 class="logo-secondary-text">Secondary Logo</h3> </a> <a href="#" class="sticky-search"><i class="fa fa-search"></i></a> </div> <div class="header__layout-bottom wk-grid-page-container"> <a id="hypJournals" class="logo-main" href="https://journals.lww.com/njcp/pages/default.aspx"> <h3 class="logo-main-text">Journal Logo </h3> </a> <div class="search-v2"> <div class="search-wrapper"> <select name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$SearchTopBoxControl$ddlContentScope" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_ddlContentScope"> <option value="All">All</option> <option selected="selected" value="Articles">Articles</option> <option value="Images">Images</option> <option value="Videos">Videos</option> <option value="Podcasts">Podcasts</option> <option value="Blogs">Blogs</option> </select> <div class="input-group" id="globalSearch"> <input name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$SearchTopBoxControl$txtKeywords" type="text" value="Search" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_txtKeywords" class="form-control searchText" /> <span class="input-group-btn"> <button id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_btnGlobalSearchMagnifier" type="submit" class="btn btn-default"><i class="fa fa-search"></i></button> </span> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$SearchTopBoxControl$IsAutoCompleteEnabled" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_IsAutoCompleteEnabled" value="false" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$SearchTopBoxControl$AutocompleteApiUrl" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_AutocompleteApiUrl" value="https://platformservices.wolterskluwerhealth.com/autocomplete/njcp/shingle/" /> </div> </div> <div class="advance-search" style=""> <a id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_lnkAdvanceSearch" href="https://journals.lww.com/njcp/pages/advancedsearch.aspx">Advanced Search</a> <input type="submit" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$SearchTopBoxControl$btnGlobalSearch" value="" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_btnGlobalSearch" disabled="disabled" class="aspNetDisabled btnGlobalSearch" style="display: none;" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$SearchTopBoxControl$hfldKeywords" type="hidden" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_hfldKeywords" class="hfldKeywords" value="disableButton" /> </div> </div> <script> $(function() { try { var objSearchBox = { btnGlobalSearchMagnifierId: 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_btnGlobalSearchMagnifier', searchButtonId: 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_btnGlobalSearch', txtKeywordsId: 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_txtKeywords', hfldKeywordsHiddenId: 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_hfldKeywords', defaultSearchText: 'Search' }; new Searchbox(objSearchBox).Init(); } catch (e) { console.error(e); } }); //autocomplete functionality for basic search //this functionality will call the SBA url and start suggesting after typing 3rd character var textKeywords = null; var hiddenAutocompleteApiUrl = null; var buttonGlobalSearch = null; $(function () { try { var objAutocomplete = { hiddenIsAutoCompleteEnabled: $('#ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_IsAutoCompleteEnabled'), textKeywords: $('#ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_txtKeywords'), hiddenAutocompleteApiUrl: $('#ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_AutocompleteApiUrl'), buttonGlobalSearch: $('#ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_btnGlobalSearch'), enableNewAutoComplete: true, newAutoCompleteUrl: 'https://dxg-search-na-prd.wkgposvc.cloud/Query.svc/Query_Expand', newAutoCompleteMaxSuggestions: '10', newAutoCompleteDictionaryIds: 'ovid_sted28_mesh22' }; autoComplete(objAutocomplete); } catch (e) { console.error(e); } }); $(function () { let searchSelect = $('select[id$="ddlContentScope"]');; if (searchSelect.length){ searchSelect.selectize(); } }); </script> </div> <div id="main-nav-container-v2"> <nav id="main-nav" class="navbar navbar-default yamm wk-grid-page-container"> <div class="navbar-header"> <button id="fatJuicy" type="button" class="navbar-hamburger-button navbar-toggle collapsed pull-left" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#zz1_TopNavigationMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="navbar"> <span class="visually-hidden">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="navbar-hamburger-button__text"></span> </button> </div> <div id="navActionButtons" class="btn-group navbar-hover-color" role="group" aria-label="..."> <a id="ctl00_ctl51_lnkRegister" class="btn btn-default navbar-button" href="https://journals.lww.com/njcp/pages/register.aspx?ContextUrl=%2fnjcp%2ffulltext%2f2023%2f26120%2fpercutaneous_radiofrequency_disc_decompression__a.11.aspx">Register</a> <button class="user-menu__link user-menu__link--login js-ejp-login-btn btn btn-default navbar-button" type="button" 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Radiofrequency Disc Decompression: A Study of 27 Patients', '12292023', 'N Živković, S Ruetten, G Tasić, et al', '26', '12', 'Copyright: \u00A9 2023 Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice', '01253091-202326120-00011', '', true, ''); } </script> <div id="ArticleContainer"> <article id="ej-article-view" class="js-article-view ej-article-view" xmlns:ssr="http://ssr-eus-go-csi.cloudapp.net/v1/assets" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><section class="ejp-r-article-subsection"><div class="ejp-r-article-subsection__text">Original Article</div></section><header class="ejp-article-header"><h1 class="ejp-article-title">Percutaneous Radiofrequency Disc Decompression: A Study of 27 Patients</h1></header><section id="ejp-article-authors"><p id="P7">Živković, N<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">1,2</sup>; Ruetten, S<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">3</sup>; Tasić, G<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">4,5</sup>; Janicijević, A<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">4,5</sup>; Jelena, K<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">4,5</sup>; Nikola, J<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">4,5</sup>; Andjelković, I<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">5,6</sup>; Jovanović, S<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">7</sup></p><section><a href="#" id="ejp-article-authors-link"> Author Information <i class="wk-icon-arrow-down-r"></i></a></section></section><section id="ejp-article-authors-info" class="ejp-article-authors-info ejp-article-authors-info--hidden"><div class="ejp-article-authors-info-holder"> <p id=""><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">1</sup>Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem Bel Medic Hospital, Belgrade, Serbia</p> <p id=""><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">2</sup>High Medical School of Applied Sciences Visan, Belgrade, Serbia</p> <p id=""><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">3</sup>Center for Spine Surgery and Pain Therapy, Center for Orthopedics and Traumatology of the St. Elisabeth Group – Catholic Hospital Rhein-Ruhr, St. Anna Hospital Herne/Marien Hospital Herne University Hospital/Marien Hospital Witten, Germany</p> <p id=""><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">4</sup>Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Clinic for Neurosurgery, Belgrade, Serbia</p> <p id=""><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">5</sup>Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia</p> <p id=""><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">6</sup>Department for Radiology and MRI, Clinical Center of Serbia, Centre for Radiology and MRI, Belgrade, Serbia</p> <p id=""><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">7</sup>Department of Radiology, Acibadem Bel Medic Hospital, Belgrade, Serbia</p> <p id="cor1"><strong xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">Address for correspondence:</strong> Dr. N Živković, Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem Bel Medic Hospital, Koste Jovanovića 87, Belgrade, Serbia. E-mail: <span><a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#5d303c3431293267392f3327342b36322b343e1d243c353232733e3230" onclick="javascript:window.open('mailto:mailto:drnzivkovic@yahoo.com');return false"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="3f5b4d51455649545049565c7f465e575050115c5052">[email protected]</span></a></span></p> <p id="">This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.</p> </div></section><section id="article-journal-info"><div class="ej-journal-info"><span class="ej-journal-name">Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice </span><span id="ej-journal-date-volume-issue-pg"><a href="/njcp/toc/2023/26120">26(12):p 1850-1853, December 2023.</a></span><span> | </span><span class="ej-journal-doi">DOI: </span>10.4103/njcp.njcp_375_23<a id="ej-article-indicators-ccl" onmouseover="javascript:Tooltip_CCL('Creative Commons License Information')" onmouseout="javascript:Tooltip_MouseOut()" href="" target="_blank"><span class="ejp-article-indicators__ccl"></span></a></div></section><section id="ejp-article-indicators" class="ejp-article-indicators"><ul class="ejp-article-indicators__list"> <li id="ej-article-indicators-open" class="ejp-article-indicators__list-item" onmouseover="javascript:Tooltip_Open()" onmouseout="javascript:Tooltip_MouseOut()"><span class="ejp-indicator">Open</span></li> </ul><button id="openArticleMetricsPopupButton" type="button" class="wk-button wk-button-ghost wk-button-icon-left ejp-article-metrics-btn" data-articleMetricsEndpoint="//services.journals.lww.com/IntegrationServices/ArticleMetricsService.svc" data-articleMetricsDetailsUrl="https://wolterskluwer.altmetric.com/details/" data-doi="10.4103/njcp.njcp_375_23" data-suiteId="vrs_woltere_journalsglobalvrs" data-articlePublicationDate="2023-12-29" data-articlePublicationDateString="December 29, 2023" data-receivedDate="2023-05-17" data-revisionReceivedDate="2023-08-22" data-acceptedDate="2023-09-29" data-crossrefRefLinkRoot="https://doi.org/" data-medlineRefLinkRoot="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/" data-pubMedId="38158352"><i class="wk-icon-filled-chart-r"></i><i class="wk-icon-filled-chart-white-r"></i> Metrics </button></section><section class="ejp-article-tabs" id="abstractWrap"><h2 class="ejp-article-tabs-heading">Abstract</h2> <div class="ejp-article-tabs__tabpanel" id="panel1" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab1"> <div id="article-abstract-content1"> <div class="ejp-article-text-abstract"> <h3>Background: </h3> <p>Percutaneous radiofrequency nucleoplasty is a true minimally invasive technique for treatment for radiculopathy caused by contained disc protrusions. This minimally invasive procedure uses controlled thermoablation for reducing the intervertebral disc and decompressing the lumbar nerve root. Material and Methods: Our study is a prospective analysis of 27 patients aged from 30 to 64 years with lumbar disc protrusion who were treated with percutaneous radiofrequency disc decompression (PRFD) between May 2018 and May 2019. Clinical follow-up was reported at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. The outcomes were assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) and MacNab score.</p> <h3>Results: </h3> <p>Of the 27 patients, 14 were female and 13 were male. Their mean age was 53 ± 2 years. In all 27 patients, percutaneous radiofrequency nucleotomy was performed. An excellent outcome as reflected by MacNab score was observed in 17 patients (63%), a good outcome in 8 patients (29.7%), and a poor outcome in 2 patients (7.3%). Prior to treatment, the average back and leg VAS scores were 7.95 and 7.82, respectively. At sixth month follow-up, the back and leg VAS scores were reduced to 3.17 and 3.04, respectively. Patients with a poor outcome developed early recurrent disc prolapse and required endoscopic discectomy.</p> <h3>Conclusion: </h3> <p>PRFD is a safe and effective treatment of contained disc protrusion. PRFD is a good alternative to surgery. These procedures significantly increase quality of life in patients with lumbar radiculopathy.</p> </div> </div> </div></section><div class="ejp-fulltext-content js-ejp-fulltext-content"><section id="ArticleBody"><h2 class="ejp-article-outline-heading" data-level="1" id="sec1-1">I<span style="font-variant: small-caps;" xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">NTRODUCTION</span></h2> <p id="JCL-P-3">Lumbar back pain has a significant adverse socio-economic impact. The most common cause of lumbar back pain and radiculopathy is disc herniation.<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R1">1</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup> Patients may also develop neurological deficits of the lower limbs and/or cauda equina syndrome.<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R2">2</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">,</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R3">3</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup> Protrusions of the intervertebral disc as contained disc herniation can be confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine.</p> <p id="JCL-P-4">Management of patients with contained disc protrusions is mostly conservative. This includes analgesics, physical therapy, and psychotherapy.</p> <p id="JCL-P-5">Percutaneous radiofrequency disc decompression (PRFD) is a minimally invasive technique for treatment of radiculopathy caused by contained disc protrusion.<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R4">4</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">,</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R5">5</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup> This minimally invasive procedure uses controlled thermoablation (coblation) for coagulating and reducing the intervertebral disc and decompressing the inflamed lumbar nerve root. The effect is that intradiscal pressure and nerve root pressure are significantly reduced.</p> <h2 class="ejp-article-outline-heading" data-level="1" id="sec1-2">M<span style="font-variant: small-caps;" xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">ETHODS AND</span> M<span style="font-variant: small-caps;" xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">ATERIALS</span></h2> <p id="JCL-P-6">Data was collected to note – Ethics Committee approval (date: April 5th 2018 /number 175/9) and written informed consent. Twenty-seven patients with lumbar disc herniation who underwent PRFD from May 2018 to May 2019 were prospectively analyzed in this report. All participants reviewed and signed an informed consent. Prospective participants had undergone comprehensive neurosurgical examination along with MRI verification of contained lumbar disc protrusion. Once considered to be candidates for the study, they offered the options of PRFD. A detailed explanation of the procedure was given, and they were given the options to decline and accept alternative treatments. There were 13 male and 14 female patients from 30 to 64 years of age. All patients presented with clinically symptomatic disc herniations and significant radicular symptoms. The mean pre-treatment Lasegu sign in the cohort was 40 degrees. The indication for PRFD was based on the accepted neurosurgical standards of existing radicular symptoms with or without neurological deficit. Three PRFD procedures were performed at the level of L5/S, and another 24 at the L4/5 disc level in local anesthesia [<a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="javascript:showSlideShowByImageID('T1', '01253091-202326120-00011');">Table 1</a>].</p><section class="ejp-r-article-images"><figure class="ejp-r-article-images__figure"><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="ejp-r-article-images__image-link" onclick="showSlideShowByImageID('T1', '01253091-202326120-00011')"><img class="ejp-r-article-images__img js-lazy-load lazy-load" src="javascript:void(0);" data-src="https://images.journals.lww.com/njcp/ArticleViewerPreview.01253091-202326120-00011.T1.jpeg" data-srcset="https://images.journals.lww.com/njcp/ArticleViewerPreview@2.01253091-202326120-00011.T1.jpeg 2x" srcset="" alt="T1"></a><figcaption class="ejp-r-article-images__figcaption"><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="ejp-r-article-images__figcaption-link" onclick="showSlideShowByImageID('T1', '01253091-202326120-00011')">Table 1: </a><div class="ejp-r-article-images__figcaption-text">Descriptive variables</div></figcaption></figure></section><p id="JCL-P-7">Clinical follow-up was done at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. The outcomes were assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) and the MacNab scale score. MacNab score is derived from a four-point table used to subjectively query patient outcomes after RF nucleoplasty. Factors which determine the outcome include pain, mobility, and ability to return to normal activities.<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R6">6</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup></p> <h3 class="ejp-article-outline-heading" data-level="2" id="sec2-1">Inclusion criteria</h3> <p id="JCL-P-8"> <ul id="-1" class="wk-article__list wk-article__list--bullet"> <li class="wk-article__list-item wk-article__list-item--bullet">The diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation (LDH) confirmed by MRI and clinical examination,</li> <li class="wk-article__list-item wk-article__list-item--bullet">Patients aged from 30 to 64 years,</li> <li class="wk-article__list-item wk-article__list-item--bullet">Unilateral radiculopathy unresponsive to conservative therapy for a minimum of 3 months, and</li> <li class="wk-article__list-item wk-article__list-item--bullet">Willingness of the patient to participate in the study.</li> </ul> </p> <h3 class="ejp-article-outline-heading" data-level="2" id="sec2-2">Exclusion criteria</h3> <p id="JCL-P-13"> <ul id="-1" class="wk-article__list wk-article__list--bullet"> <li class="wk-article__list-item wk-article__list-item--bullet">Spinal mechanical instability, spondylolisthesis, or congenital deformity,</li> <li class="wk-article__list-item wk-article__list-item--bullet">Infection, trauma, hemorrhagic disorders, a current diagnosis of psychiatric illness, and</li> <li class="wk-article__list-item wk-article__list-item--bullet">Patient preference for alternative treatment options.</li> </ul> </p> <h3 class="ejp-article-outline-heading" data-level="2" id="sec2-3">Procedure</h3> <p id="JCL-P-17">The PRFD procedure was performed under local anesthesia. All patients received Cepfazolin 2 grams for antibiotic prophylaxis. After being positioned on the operating table, the level of lesion was determined using intra-operative fluoroscopy. Under fluoroscopic guidance, a small tube needle is then placed transforaminally into the inter-vertebral space and the center of bulged disc. The intervention is then performed using a radiofrequency thermocoblator. A specialized curved wand was inserted through the needle and heated to shrink inter-vertebral space. By reducing the amount of tissue within the disc, the pressure inside the disc was diminished. This reduced pressure allows for a reduction in the size of the contained protrusion, thereby decompressing the adjacent nerves. The wand was then slowly withdrawn.</p> <h2 class="ejp-article-outline-heading" data-level="1" id="sec1-3">R<span style="font-variant: small-caps;" xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">ESULTS</span></h2> <p id="JCL-P-18">Twenty-seven patients were included in the study based on the criteria outlined. There were 14 females and 13 males. Their mean age was 53 ± 2 years. PRFD was performed in all 27 patients. The 6-months follow-up after intervention was evaluated by the MacNab scaled score. An excellent outcome was observed in 17 patients (63%), a good outcome in 8 patients (29.7%), and a poor outcome in 2 patients (7.3%) [<a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="javascript:showSlideShowByImageID('T2', '01253091-202326120-00011');">Table 2</a>]. The patients with a poor outcome both developed early recurrent disc prolapse revision surgery.</p><section class="ejp-r-article-images"><figure class="ejp-r-article-images__figure"><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="ejp-r-article-images__image-link" onclick="showSlideShowByImageID('T2', '01253091-202326120-00011')"><img class="ejp-r-article-images__img js-lazy-load lazy-load" src="javascript:void(0);" data-src="https://images.journals.lww.com/njcp/ArticleViewerPreview.01253091-202326120-00011.T2.jpeg" data-srcset="https://images.journals.lww.com/njcp/ArticleViewerPreview@2.01253091-202326120-00011.T2.jpeg 2x" srcset="" alt="T2"></a><figcaption class="ejp-r-article-images__figcaption"><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="ejp-r-article-images__figcaption-link" onclick="showSlideShowByImageID('T2', '01253091-202326120-00011')">Table 2: </a><div class="ejp-r-article-images__figcaption-text">MacNab outcome</div></figcaption></figure></section><p id="JCL-P-19">Prior to PRFD, the average back and leg VAS scores were 7.95 and 7.82, respectively. After PRFD, the VAS scores for the back and leg decreased significantly in both groups. At follow-up, the back and leg VAS scores were 4.1 and 3.43 at one month, 3.21 and 3.21 at 3 months, and 3.17 and 3.04 at 6 months, respectively [<a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="javascript:showSlideShowByImageID('T3', '01253091-202326120-00011');">Table 3</a>].</p><section class="ejp-r-article-images"><figure class="ejp-r-article-images__figure"><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="ejp-r-article-images__image-link" onclick="showSlideShowByImageID('T3', '01253091-202326120-00011')"><img class="ejp-r-article-images__img js-lazy-load lazy-load" src="javascript:void(0);" data-src="https://images.journals.lww.com/njcp/ArticleViewerPreview.01253091-202326120-00011.T3.jpeg" data-srcset="https://images.journals.lww.com/njcp/ArticleViewerPreview@2.01253091-202326120-00011.T3.jpeg 2x" srcset="" alt="T3"></a><figcaption class="ejp-r-article-images__figcaption"><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="ejp-r-article-images__figcaption-link" onclick="showSlideShowByImageID('T3', '01253091-202326120-00011')">Table 3: </a><div class="ejp-r-article-images__figcaption-text">Mean values of VAS leg and back post-procedure</div></figcaption></figure></section><p id="JCL-P-20">Six patients complained of dysesthesia on the posterolateral thigh, which spontaneously improved around 1 month after PRFD. There were no complications of nerve injury or spondylodiscitis There were no serious complications such as cauda equine syndrome or post-operative thrombosis in our group of patients. The two patients with a poor outcome from PRFD developed early recurrent disc prolapse and required endoscopic discectomy [<a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="javascript:showSlideShowByImageID('F1', '01253091-202326120-00011');">Figures 1</a>-<a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="javascript:showSlideShowByImageID('F3', '01253091-202326120-00011');">3</a>].</p><section class="ejp-r-article-images"><figure class="ejp-r-article-images__figure"><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="ejp-r-article-images__image-link" onclick="showSlideShowByImageID('F1', '01253091-202326120-00011')"><img class="ejp-r-article-images__img js-lazy-load lazy-load" src="javascript:void(0);" data-src="https://images.journals.lww.com/njcp/ArticleViewerPreview.01253091-202326120-00011.F1.jpeg" data-srcset="https://images.journals.lww.com/njcp/ArticleViewerPreview@2.01253091-202326120-00011.F1.jpeg 2x" srcset="" alt="F1"></a><figcaption class="ejp-r-article-images__figcaption"><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="ejp-r-article-images__figcaption-link" onclick="showSlideShowByImageID('F1', '01253091-202326120-00011')">Figure 1: </a><div class="ejp-r-article-images__figcaption-text">Under fluoroscopic guidance, a needle is placed into the intervertebral space</div></figcaption></figure><figure class="ejp-r-article-images__figure"><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="ejp-r-article-images__image-link" onclick="showSlideShowByImageID('F2', '01253091-202326120-00011')"><img class="ejp-r-article-images__img js-lazy-load lazy-load" src="javascript:void(0);" data-src="https://images.journals.lww.com/njcp/ArticleViewerPreview.01253091-202326120-00011.F2.jpeg" data-srcset="https://images.journals.lww.com/njcp/ArticleViewerPreview@2.01253091-202326120-00011.F2.jpeg 2x" srcset="" alt="F2"></a><figcaption class="ejp-r-article-images__figcaption"><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="ejp-r-article-images__figcaption-link" onclick="showSlideShowByImageID('F2', '01253091-202326120-00011')">Figure 2: </a><div class="ejp-r-article-images__figcaption-text">Fluoroscopy of the lumbar spine. A radiofrequency ablator is placed into the intervertebral space</div></figcaption></figure><figure class="ejp-r-article-images__figure"><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="ejp-r-article-images__image-link" onclick="showSlideShowByImageID('F3', '01253091-202326120-00011')"><img class="ejp-r-article-images__img js-lazy-load lazy-load" src="javascript:void(0);" data-src="https://images.journals.lww.com/njcp/ArticleViewerPreview.01253091-202326120-00011.F3.jpeg" data-srcset="https://images.journals.lww.com/njcp/ArticleViewerPreview@2.01253091-202326120-00011.F3.jpeg 2x" srcset="" alt="F3"></a><figcaption class="ejp-r-article-images__figcaption"><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="ejp-r-article-images__figcaption-link" onclick="showSlideShowByImageID('F3', '01253091-202326120-00011')">Figure 3: </a><div class="ejp-r-article-images__figcaption-text">PRFD performed under fluoroscopic guidance and local anesthesia: The ABRO thermoablation system is used to perform the radiofrequency ablation</div></figcaption></figure></section><h2 class="ejp-article-outline-heading" data-level="1" id="sec1-4">D<span style="font-variant: small-caps;" xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">ISCUSSION</span></h2> <p id="JCL-P-21">The most common causes of low back pain and radiculopathy are contained disc protrusions of the lumbosacral spine.<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R1 R2 R3">1-3</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup> These contained herniations apply pressure to the nerve root and cause back pain or sciatic pain. Protrusion of the inter-vertebral disc can be diagnosed with MRI of lumbar spine.</p> <p id="JCL-P-22">Over the last decade, there has been a tendency to shift from formal operative treatment of disc herniations to more minimally invasive procedures which have the advantage of being done under local anesthesia.<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R4">4</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup> If conservative treatment fails after 6 weeks, the neurosurgeon should consider performing a minimally invasive intra-discal procedure. PRFD is a minimally invasive technique to reduce the volume of protrusion of the herniated disc.<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R5">5</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup> Worldwide, more than 200,000 patients have been treated with nucleoplasty, with an overall success rate greater than 80%.<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R5">5</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup></p> <p id="JCL-P-23">Gerges <em xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">et al</em>.<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R7">7</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup> reported VAS scores in published nucleoplasty studies and found the highest recovery rate in a study by Mirzai <em xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">et al</em>. of 72%. Mirzai <em xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">et al</em>.<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R8">8</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup> presented nucleoplasty results of 52 patients and found a decrease in VAS score from 7.5 to 2.1 at 1 year follow-up. In our prospective analysis of 27 patients who underwent PRFD nucleoplasty, there were significant decreases in VAS and MacNab pre- and post-treatment scores.</p> <p id="JCL-P-24">Our prospective study of 27 patients showed a decrease in VAS score after 1, 3, and 6 months. Pre-treatment, the back and leg VAS scores were 7.95 and 7.82, respectively. They dropped to 3.17 and 3.04, respectively, at 6 months.</p> <p id="JCL-P-25">The results in our prospective study are very similar to results obtained in Germany and the United States by Ruetten <em xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">et al</em>.,<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R9">9</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup> Chiu <em xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">et al</em>.,<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R10">10</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup> and Tsou <em xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">et al</em>.<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">[</sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0"><sup><a class="ejp-citation-link js-ejp-citation-link" data-reference-links="R11">11</a></sup></sup><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">]</sup></p> <p id="JCL-P-26">This study also demonstrated rapid reduction of radicular or low back pain, good clinical response, absence of intra-operative bleeding, and short hospital stay.</p> <p id="JCL-P-27">While the study is limited by the small sample size, these preliminary data will serve as the basis of larger series for future investigation of PRFD effectiveness.</p> <h2 class="ejp-article-outline-heading" data-level="1" id="sec1-5">C<span style="font-variant: small-caps;" xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">ONCLUSION</span></h2> <p id="JCL-P-28">PRFD is a safe and effective method to treat contained disc protrusion accompanied by lower back pain and radiculopathy. PRFD is a good alternative to endoscopic or microsurgical methods. PRFD significantly improves quality of life. The complication rate of PRFD is low.</p> <h3 class="ejp-article-outline-heading" data-level="2" id="sec2-4">Declaration of patient consent</h3> <p id="JCL-P-29">The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent forms. In the form the patient(s) has/have given his/her/their consent for his/her/their images and other clinical information to be reported in the journal. The patients understand that their names and initials will not be published and due efforts will be made to conceal their identity, but anonymity cannot be guaranteed.</p> <h3 class="ejp-article-outline-heading" data-level="2" id="sec2-5">Financial support and sponsorship</h3> <p id="JCL-P-30">Nil.</p> <h3 class="ejp-article-outline-heading" data-level="2" id="sec2-6">Conflicts of interest</h3> <p id="JCL-P-31">There are no conflicts of interest.</p></section><section id="article-references" class="article-references js-article-references"><h2 class="ejp-article-outline-heading" data-level="1" id="JCL-L-2">R<span style="font-variant: small-caps;" xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">EFERENCES</span></h2> <div id="R1" class="article-references__item js-article-reference">1. Wu PH, Kim HS, Jang IT. Intervertebral disc diseases PART 2: A review of the current diagnostic and treatment strategies for intervertebral disc disease. 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Spine J 2004;4:564–73.<div> <ul class="article-references__item-links"> <li class="internal-links"><a href="#JCL-P-25"> Cited Here</a> | </li> <li><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15363430" onclick="javascript:window.open('http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15363430');return false">PubMed</a> | <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.spinee.2004.01.014" onclick="javascript:window.open('https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.spinee.2004.01.014');return false">CrossRef</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="article-references__button-container"></div></section><div><strong>Keywords:</strong><p id="">Laser disc decompression; nucleotomy; percutaneous disc decompression</p> </div><section class="ej-article-copyright">Copyright: © 2023 Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice</section></div><button class="ejp-toggle-fulltext-button js-ejp-toggle-fulltext-button">View full article text</button></article> </div> </div> <div id="article-metrics"> <div id="article-metrics-container"> </div> </div> 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