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class="vheadingv">Verse<a href="/bsb/2_kings/23.htm" class="clickchap" style="color:#001320" title="Click any translation name for full chapter">  (Click for Chapter)</a></div><div id="par"><a href="/niv/2_kings/23.htm">New International Version</a> He desecrated Topheth, which was in the Valley of Ben Hinnom, so no one could use it to sacrifice their son or daughter in the fire to Molek. <a href="/nlt/2_kings/23.htm">New Living Translation</a> Then the king defiled the altar of Topheth in the valley of Ben-Hinnom, so no one could ever again use it to sacrifice a son or daughter in the fire as an offering to Molech. <a href="/esv/2_kings/23.htm">English Standard Version</a> And he defiled Topheth, which is in the Valley of the Son of Hinnom, that no one might burn his son or his daughter as an offering to Molech. <a href="/bsb/2_kings/23.htm">Berean Standard Bible</a> He also desecrated Topheth in the Valley of Ben-hinnom so that no one could sacrifice his son or daughter in the fire to Molech. <a href="/kjv/2_kings/23.htm">King James Bible</a> And he defiled Topheth, which is in the valley of the children of Hinnom, that no man might make his son or his daughter to pass through the fire to Molech. <a href="/nkjv/2_kings/23.htm">New King James Version</a> And he defiled Topheth, which is in the Valley of the Son of Hinnom, that no man might make his son or his daughter pass through the fire to Molech. <a href="/nasb_/2_kings/23.htm">New American Standard Bible</a> He also defiled Topheth, which is in the Valley of the Son of Hinnom, so that no one would make his son or his daughter pass through the fire for Molech. <a href="/nasb/2_kings/23.htm">NASB 1995</a> He also defiled Topheth, which is in the valley of the son of Hinnom, that no man might make his son or his daughter pass through the fire for Molech. <a href="/nasb77/2_kings/23.htm">NASB 1977 </a> He also defiled Topheth, which is in the valley of the son of Hinnom, that no man might make his son or his daughter pass through the fire for Molech. <a href="/lsb/2_kings/23.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a> He also defiled Topheth, which is in the valley of the son of Hinnom, that no man might make his son or his daughter pass through the fire for Molech. <a href="/amp/2_kings/23.htm">Amplified Bible</a> Josiah also defiled Topheth, which is in the Valley of Ben-hinnom (son of Hinnom), so that no man could make his son or his daughter pass through the fire [as a burnt offering] for Molech. <a href="/csb/2_kings/23.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a> He defiled Topheth, which is in Ben Hinnom Valley, so that no one could sacrifice his son or daughter in the fire to Molech. <a href="/hcsb/2_kings/23.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a> He defiled Topheth, which is in the Valley of Hinnom, so that no one could make his son or daughter pass through the fire to Molech. <a href="/asv/2_kings/23.htm">American Standard Version</a> And he defiled Topheth, which is in the valley of the children of Hinnom, that no man might make his son or his daughter to pass through the fire to Molech. <a href="/cev/2_kings/23.htm">Contemporary English Version</a> Josiah sent some men to Hinnom Valley just outside Jerusalem with orders to make the altar there unfit for worship. That way, people could no longer use it for sacrificing their children to the god Molech. <a href="/erv/2_kings/23.htm">English Revised Version</a> And he defiled Topheth, which is in the valley of the children of Hinnom, that no man might make his son or his daughter to pass through the fire to Molech. <a href="/gwt/2_kings/23.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a> Josiah also made Topheth in the valley of Ben Hinnom unclean so that people would never again sacrifice their sons or daughters by burning them to the god Molech. <a href="/gnt/2_kings/23.htm">Good News Translation</a> King Josiah also desecrated Topheth, the pagan place of worship in Hinnom Valley, so that no one could sacrifice his son or daughter as a burnt offering to the god Molech. <a href="/isv/2_kings/23.htm">International Standard Version</a> He also defiled Topheth, which is located in the Ben-hinnom Valley, so that no one would force his son or daughter to pass through the fire in dedication to Molech. <a href="/msb/2_kings/23.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a> He also desecrated Topheth in the Valley of Ben-hinnom so that no one could sacrifice his son or daughter in the fire to Molech. <a href="/net/2_kings/23.htm">NET Bible</a> The king ruined Topheth in the Valley of Ben Hinnom so that no one could pass his son or his daughter through the fire to Molech. <a href="/nheb/2_kings/23.htm">New Heart English Bible</a> He defiled Topheth, which is in the Valley of Ben Hinnom, that no man might make his son or his daughter to pass through the fire to Moloch. <a href="/wbt/2_kings/23.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a> And he defiled Topheth, which is in the valley of the children of Hinnom, that no man might make his son or his daughter to pass through the fire to Molech. <a href="/web/2_kings/23.htm">World English Bible</a> He defiled Topheth, which is in the valley of the children of Hinnom, that no man might make his son or his daughter to pass through the fire to Molech. <div class="vheading2">Literal Translations</div><a href="/lsv/2_kings/23.htm">Literal Standard Version</a> And he has defiled Topheth that [is] in the Valley of the Son of Hinnom, so that no man causes his son and his daughter to pass over through fire to Molech. <a href="/ylt/2_kings/23.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a> And he hath defiled Topheth, that is in the valley of the son of Hinnom, so that no man doth cause his son and his daughter to pass over through fire to Molech. <a href="/slt/2_kings/23.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a> And he defiled Topheth in the valley of the sons of Hinnom, for a man not to cause his son and his daughter to pass through in fire to the king.<div class="vheading2">Catholic Translations</div><a href="/drb/2_kings/23.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a> And he defiled Topheth, which is in the valley of the son of Ennom: that no man should consecrate there his son or his daughter through fire to Moloch. <a href="/cpdv/2_kings/23.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a> Also, he defiled Topheth, which is in the steep valley of the son of Hinnom, so that no one would consecrate his son or his daughter, through fire, to Molech. <a href="/nabre/2_kings/23.htm">New American Bible</a> The king also defiled Topheth in the Valley of Ben-hinnom, so that there would no longer be any immolation of sons or daughters by fire in honor of Molech. <a href="/nrsvce/2_kings/23.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a> He defiled Topheth, which is in the valley of Ben-hinnom, so that no one would make a son or a daughter pass through fire as an offering to Molech.<div class="vheading2">Translations from Aramaic</div><a href="/lamsa/2_kings/23.htm">Lamsa Bible</a> And he destroyed the high places which the kings of Judah had made in Taphath, which is in the valley of Bar-hannom, that no man might make his son or his daughter to pass through the fire to Amlech. <a href="/hpbt/2_kings/23.htm">Peshitta Holy Bible Translated</a> And he tore down the high places that the Kings of Yehuda had made in Taphat that is in the Valley in BarHennum, because the Kings of Yehuda had made a man to pass his son or his daughter into fire for Amlek.<div class="vheading2">OT Translations</div><a href="/jps/2_kings/23.htm">JPS Tanakh 1917</a> And he defiled Topheth, which is in the valley of the son of Hinnom, that no man might make his son or his daughter to pass through the fire to Molech. <a href="/sep/2_kings/23.htm">Brenton Septuagint Translation</a> And he defiled Tapheth which is in the valley of the son of Ennom, constructed for a man to cause his son or his daughter to pass through fire to Moloch. <a href="/parallel/2_kings/23-10.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="audio" id="audio"></a><div class="vheadingv">Audio Bible</div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/FiLs3w_mMFQ?start=7988" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="vheadingv">Context</div><a href="/bsb/2_kings/23.htm">Josiah Destroys Idolatry</a> …9Although the priests of the high places did not come up to the altar of the LORD in Jerusalem, they ate unleavened bread with their fellow priests. 10<a href="/hebrew/2930.htm" title="2930: wə·ṭim·mê (Conj-w:: V-Piel-ConjPerf-3ms) -- To be or become unclean. A primitive root; to be foul, especially in a ceremial or moral sense.">He also desecrated</a> <a href="/hebrew/853.htm" title="853: ’eṯ- (DirObjM) -- Apparent contracted from 'owth in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self."></a> <a href="/hebrew/8612.htm" title="8612: hat·tō·p̄eṯ (Art:: N-proper-fs) -- A place S. of Jer. The same as topheth; Topheth, a place near Jerusalem.">Topheth</a> <a href="/hebrew/834.htm" title="834: ’ă·šer (Pro-r) -- Who, which, that. A primitive relative pronoun; who, which, what, that; also when, where, how, because, in order that, etc."></a> <a href="/hebrew/1516.htm" title="1516: bə·ḡê (Prep-b:: N-proper-fs) -- A valley. Or gay; probably from the same root as gevah; a gorge.">in the Valley of Ben-hinnom</a> <a href="/hebrew/1121.htm" title="1121: ḇə·nē (N-mpc) -- Son. From banah; a son, in the widest sense (like 'ab, 'ach, etc.)."></a> <a href="/hebrew/2011.htm" title="2011: hin·nōm (N-proper) -- A valley S.W. of Jer. Probably of foreign origin; Hinnom, apparently a Jebusite."></a> <a href="/hebrew/1115.htm" title="1115: lə·ḇil·tî (Prep-l) -- Constructive feminine of balah; properly, a failure of, i.e. not, except, without, unless, besides, because not, until, etc.">so that no</a> <a href="/hebrew/376.htm" title="376: ’îš (N-ms) -- Man. Contracted for 'enowsh; a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term.">one</a> <a href="/hebrew/853.htm" title="853: ’eṯ- (DirObjM) -- Apparent contracted from 'owth in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self."></a> <a href="/hebrew/5674.htm" title="5674: lə·ha·‘ă·ḇîr (Prep-l:: V-Hifil-Inf) -- To pass over, through, or by, pass on. A primitive root; to cross over; used very widely of any transition; specifically, to cover.">could sacrifice</a> <a href="/hebrew/1121.htm" title="1121: bə·nōw (N-msc:: 3ms) -- Son. From banah; a son, in the widest sense (like 'ab, 'ach, etc.).">his son</a> <a href="/hebrew/853.htm" title="853: wə·’eṯ- (Conj-w:: DirObjM) -- Apparent contracted from 'owth in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self."></a> <a href="/hebrew/1323.htm" title="1323: bit·tōw (N-fsc:: 3ms) -- Daughter. From banah; a daughter.">or daughter</a> <a href="/hebrew/784.htm" title="784: bā·’êš (Prep-b, Art:: N-cs) -- A fire. A primitive word; fire.">in the fire</a> <a href="/hebrew/4432.htm" title="4432: lam·mō·leḵ (Prep-l, Art:: N-proper-ms) -- A heathen god to whom Isr. sacrificed children. From malak; Molek, the chief deity of the Ammonites.">to Molech.</a> 11And he removed from the entrance to the house of the LORD the horses that the kings of Judah had dedicated to the sun. They were in the court near the chamber of an official named Nathan-melech. And Josiah burned up the chariots of the sun.…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div> <a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><a href="/leviticus/18-21.htm">Leviticus 18:21</a> You must not give any of your children to be sacrificed to Molech, for you must not profane the name of your God. I am the LORD. <a href="/jeremiah/32-35.htm">Jeremiah 32:35</a> They have built the high places of Baal in the Valley of Ben-hinnom to make their sons and daughters pass through the fire to Molech—something I never commanded them, nor had it ever entered My mind, that they should commit such an abomination and cause Judah to sin. <a href="/deuteronomy/18-10.htm">Deuteronomy 18:10</a> Let no one be found among you who sacrifices his son or daughter in the fire, practices divination or conjury, interprets omens, practices sorcery, <a href="/ezekiel/16-20.htm">Ezekiel 16:20-21</a> You even took the sons and daughters you bore to Me and sacrificed them as food to idols. Was your prostitution not enough? / You slaughtered My children and delivered them up through the fire to idols. <a href="/2_chronicles/28-3.htm">2 Chronicles 28:3</a> Moreover, Ahaz burned incense in the Valley of Ben-hinnom and sacrificed his sons in the fire, according to the abominations of the nations that the LORD had driven out before the Israelites. <a href="/2_chronicles/33-6.htm">2 Chronicles 33:6</a> He sacrificed his sons in the fire in the Valley of Ben-hinnom. He practiced sorcery, divination, and witchcraft, and consulted mediums and spiritists. He did great evil in the sight of the LORD, provoking Him to anger. <a href="/psalms/106-37.htm">Psalm 106:37-38</a> They sacrificed their sons and their daughters to demons. / They shed innocent blood—the blood of their sons and daughters, whom they sacrificed to the idols of Canaan, and the land was polluted with blood. <a href="/isaiah/57-5.htm">Isaiah 57:5</a> who burn with lust among the oaks, under every luxuriant tree, who slaughter your children in the valleys, under the clefts of the rocks? <a href="/jeremiah/7-31.htm">Jeremiah 7:31</a> They have built the high places of Topheth in the Valley of Ben-hinnom so they could burn their sons and daughters in the fire—something I never commanded, nor did it even enter My mind. <a href="/jeremiah/19-5.htm">Jeremiah 19:5-6</a> They have built high places to Baal on which to burn their children in the fire as offerings to Baal—something I never commanded or mentioned, nor did it even enter My mind. / So behold, the days are coming, declares the LORD, when this place will no longer be called Topheth or the Valley of Ben-hinnom, but the Valley of Slaughter. <a href="/ezekiel/20-31.htm">Ezekiel 20:31</a> When you offer your gifts, sacrificing your sons in the fire, you continue to defile yourselves with all your idols to this day. So should I be consulted by you, O house of Israel? As surely as I live, declares the Lord GOD, I will not be consulted by you! <a href="/ezekiel/23-37.htm">Ezekiel 23:37</a> For they have committed adultery, and blood is on their hands. They have committed adultery with their idols. They have even sacrificed their children, whom they bore to Me, in the fire as food for their idols. <a href="/micah/6-7.htm">Micah 6:7</a> Would the LORD be pleased with thousands of rams, with ten thousand rivers of oil? Shall I present my firstborn for my transgression, the fruit of my body for the sin of my soul? <a href="/acts/7-43.htm">Acts 7:43</a> You have taken along the tabernacle of Molech and the star of your god Rephan, the idols you made to worship. Therefore I will send you into exile beyond Babylon.’ <a href="/romans/12-1.htm">Romans 12:1-2</a> Therefore I urge you, brothers, on account of God’s mercy, to offer your bodies as living sacrifices, holy and pleasing to God, which is your spiritual service of worship. / Do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind. Then you will be able to test and approve what is the good, pleasing, and perfect will of God.</div> <a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div>And he defiled Topheth, which is in the valley of the children of Hinnom, that no man might make his son or his daughter to pass through the fire to Molech.Topheth.<a href="/isaiah/30-33.htm">Isaiah 30:33</a> For Tophet is ordained of old; yea, for the king it is prepared; he hath made it deep and large: the pile thereof is fire and much wood; the breath of the LORD, like a stream of brimstone, doth kindle it.<a href="/jeremiah/7-31.htm">Jeremiah 7:31,32</a> And they have built the high places of Tophet, which is in the valley of the son of Hinnom, to burn their sons and their daughters in the fire; which I commanded them not, neither came it into my heart… <a href="/jeremiah/19-6.htm">Jeremiah 19:6,11-13</a> Therefore, behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that this place shall no more be called Tophet, nor The valley of the son of Hinnom, but The valley of slaughter… Tophet.<a href="/joshua/15-8.htm">Joshua 15:8</a> And the border went up by the valley of the son of Hinnom unto the south side of the Jebusite; the same is Jerusalem: and the border went up to the top of the mountain that lieth before the valley of Hinnom westward, which is at the end of the valley of the giants northward:<a href="/2_chronicles/28-3.htm">2 Chronicles 28:3</a> Moreover he burnt incense in the valley of the son of Hinnom, and burnt his children in the fire, after the abominations of the heathen whom the LORD had cast out before the children of Israel.<a href="/2_chronicles/33-6.htm">2 Chronicles 33:6</a> And he caused his children to pass through the fire in the valley of the son of Hinnom: also he observed times, and used enchantments, and used witchcraft, and dealt with a familiar spirit, and with wizards: he wrought much evil in the sight of the LORD, to provoke him to anger.might make.<a href="/2_kings/16-3.htm">2 Kings 16:3</a> But he walked in the way of the kings of Israel, yea, and made his son to pass through the fire, according to the abominations of the heathen, whom the LORD cast out from before the children of Israel.<a href="/2_kings/17-17.htm">2 Kings 17:17</a> And they caused their sons and their daughters to pass through the fire, and used divination and enchantments, and sold themselves to do evil in the sight of the LORD, to provoke him to anger.<a href="/2_kings/21-6.htm">2 Kings 21:6</a> And he made his son pass through the fire, and observed times, and used enchantments, and dealt with familiar spirits and wizards: he wrought much wickedness in the sight of the LORD, to provoke him to anger.<div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/1_kings/20-34.htm">Ben</a> <a href="/2_kings/23-5.htm">Burn</a> <a href="/2_kings/23-6.htm">Children</a> <a href="/2_kings/22-1.htm">Daughter</a> <a href="/2_kings/23-8.htm">Defiled</a> <a href="/leviticus/19-8.htm">Desecrated</a> <a href="/2_kings/22-17.htm">Fire</a> <a href="/joshua/18-16.htm">Hinnom</a> <a href="/1_kings/11-7.htm">Molech</a> <a href="/2_kings/20-12.htm">Offering</a> <a href="/2_kings/17-36.htm">Sacrifice</a> <a href="/jeremiah/19-14.htm">Topheth</a> <a href="/1_samuel/20-26.htm">Unclean</a> <a href="/2_kings/22-7.htm">Use</a> <a href="/2_kings/23-6.htm">Valley</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/1_chronicles/4-20.htm">Ben</a> <a href="/1_chronicles/14-12.htm">Burn</a> <a href="/2_kings/23-13.htm">Children</a> <a href="/2_kings/23-31.htm">Daughter</a> <a href="/2_kings/23-16.htm">Defiled</a> <a href="/psalms/74-7.htm">Desecrated</a> <a href="/2_kings/23-11.htm">Fire</a> <a href="/2_chronicles/28-3.htm">Hinnom</a> <a href="/jeremiah/32-35.htm">Molech</a> <a href="/1_chronicles/6-49.htm">Offering</a> <a href="/1_chronicles/15-26.htm">Sacrifice</a> <a href="/isaiah/30-33.htm">Topheth</a> <a href="/2_chronicles/23-19.htm">Unclean</a> <a href="/1_chronicles/12-2.htm">Use</a> <a href="/1_chronicles/4-14.htm">Valley</a><div class="vheading2">2 Kings 23</div>1. <a href="/2_kings/23-1.htm">Josiah causes the book to be read in a solemn assembly.</a> 3. <a href="/2_kings/23-3.htm">He renews the covenant of the Lord.</a> 4. <a href="/2_kings/23-4.htm">He destroys idolatry.</a> 15. <a href="/2_kings/23-15.htm">He burns dead men's bones upon the altar of Bethel, as was prophesied.</a> 21. <a href="/2_kings/23-21.htm">He keeps a most solemn Passover.</a> 24. <a href="/2_kings/23-24.htm">He puts away witches and all abomination.</a> 26. <a href="/2_kings/23-26.htm">God's final wrath against Judah.</a> 29. <a href="/2_kings/23-29.htm">Josiah, provoking Pharaoh Neco, is slain at Megiddo.</a> 31. <a href="/2_kings/23-31.htm">Jehoahaz, succeeding him,</a> 33. <a href="/2_kings/23-33.htm">is imprisoned by Pharaoh Neco, who makes Jehoiakim king.</a> 36. <a href="/2_kings/23-36.htm">Jehoiakim's wicked reign.</a> </div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> </td></tr></table></div></div></div><div id="combox"><div class="padcom"><a name="study" id="study"></a><div class="vheading"><table width="100%"><tr><td width="99%" valign="top"><a href="/study/2_kings/23.htm">Study Bible</a></td><td width="1%" valign="top"><a href="/study/2_kings/" title="Book Summary and Study">Book ◦</a> <a href="/study/chapters/2_kings/23.htm" title="Chapter summary and Study">Chapter </a></tr></table></div>He also desecrated Topheth Topheth was a site in the Valley of Ben-hinnom, associated with child sacrifice. The term "desecrated" indicates King Josiah's actions to defile and render the site unusable for its previous idolatrous purposes. This act was part of Josiah's religious reforms to purify Judah from pagan practices. The desecration of Topheth was a direct challenge to the syncretism that had crept into Israelite worship, aligning with the Deuteronomic law that prohibited such practices (<a href="/deuteronomy/12-31.htm">Deuteronomy 12:31</a>).in the Valley of Ben-hinnom The Valley of Ben-hinnom, located south of Jerusalem, was notorious for its association with idolatrous practices, particularly child sacrifice. This valley later became synonymous with Gehenna, a term used in the New Testament to describe hell or a place of eternal punishment (<a href="/mark/9-43.htm">Mark 9:43</a>). The transformation of this valley from a place of abomination to a symbol of divine judgment underscores the severity of the practices that occurred there.so that no one could sacrifice his son or daughter Child sacrifice was a detestable practice condemned by God (<a href="/leviticus/18-21.htm">Leviticus 18:21</a>). The prohibition against sacrificing children highlights the sanctity of life and the abhorrence of such acts in the eyes of God. Josiah's reforms aimed to eradicate these practices, emphasizing a return to the worship of Yahweh alone. This aligns with the broader biblical narrative that values children as a blessing from God (<a href="/psalms/127-3.htm">Psalm 127:3</a>).in the fire to Molech Molech was a Canaanite deity associated with child sacrifice. The worship of Molech involved passing children through fire, a practice explicitly forbidden in the Mosaic Law (<a href="/leviticus/20-2.htm">Leviticus 20:2-5</a>). The mention of Molech serves as a reminder of the cultural and religious influences that Israel was warned against. Josiah's actions to stop these sacrifices were a fulfillment of the covenantal call to be distinct from surrounding nations (<a href="/exodus/23-24.htm">Exodus 23:24</a>).<div class="vheading2">Persons / Places / Events</div>1. <a href="/topical/j/josiah.htm">Josiah</a> The king of Judah who initiated religious reforms to restore the worship of Yahweh and eliminate idolatry. 2. <a href="/topical/t/topheth.htm">Topheth</a> A site in the Valley of Ben Hinnom associated with child sacrifice, particularly to the god Molech. 3. <a href="/topical/v/valley_of_ben_hinnom.htm">Valley of Ben Hinnom</a> A location near Jerusalem notorious for idolatrous practices, later associated with the concept of Gehenna or hell. 4. <a href="/topical/m/molech.htm">Molech</a> A pagan deity to whom child sacrifices were offered, representing a significant departure from the worship of Yahweh. 5. <a href="/topical/r/religious_reforms.htm">Religious Reforms</a> The actions taken by Josiah to purify Judah from idolatry and restore the covenant with God.<div class="vheading2">Teaching Points</div><a href="/topical/t/the_importance_of_righteous_leadership.htm">The Importance of Righteous Leadership</a> Josiah's actions demonstrate the impact a godly leader can have in turning a nation back to God. Leaders today should strive to uphold and promote biblical values. <a href="/topical/t/the_abomination_of_idolatry.htm">The Abomination of Idolatry</a> The desecration of Topheth underscores the severity of idolatry and its destructive consequences. Believers must guard against modern forms of idolatry that can lead them away from God. <a href="/topical/t/the_sanctity_of_life.htm">The Sanctity of Life</a> The prohibition against child sacrifice highlights the value God places on human life. Christians are called to protect and cherish life at all stages. <a href="/topical/r/repentance_and_reform.htm">Repentance and Reform</a> Josiah's reforms illustrate the power of repentance and the need for continual reformation in our spiritual lives. Believers should regularly examine their hearts and practices to align with God's will. <a href="/topical/t/the_consequences_of_sin.htm">The Consequences of Sin</a> The association of the Valley of Ben Hinnom with judgment serves as a reminder of the consequences of sin. Christians are encouraged to live in obedience to avoid spiritual downfall.<div class="vheading2">Lists and Questions</div><a href="/top10/lessons_from_2_kings_23.htm">Top 10 Lessons from 2 Kings 23</a> <a href="/q/what_is_topheth_in_the_bible.htm">What is Topheth in the Bible?</a> <a href="/q/what_are_the_main_trinitarian_heresies.htm">What is Topheth in the Bible?</a> <a href="/q/who_is_molech_historically_religiously.htm">Who is Molech in historical and religious contexts?</a> <a href="/q/jeremiah_7_30-31__why_no_historical_proof.htm">Jeremiah 7:30–31: How does the practice of child sacrifice in this passage reconcile with the lack of supporting historical records outside the Bible?</a><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/2_kings/23.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(10) Topheth.--Heb. the Topheth; i.e., the burning place, or hearth, if the word be rightly derived from the Persian t?ften, "to burn." The Hebrew word, however, has been so modified as to suggest a derivation from t?ph, "to spit;" so that the epithet would mean "the abomination." (Comp. <a href="/2_kings/23-13.htm" title="And the high places that were before Jerusalem, which were on the right hand of the mount of corruption, which Solomon the king of Israel had built for Ashtoreth the abomination of the Zidonians, and for Chemosh the abomination of the Moabites, and for Milcom the abomination of the children of Ammon, did the king defile.">2Kings 23:13</a>.) (Comp. also <a href="/job/17-6.htm" title="He has made me also a byword of the people; and aforetime I was as a tabret.">Job 17:6</a>; <a href="/isaiah/30-33.htm" title="For Tophet is ordained of old; yes, for the king it is prepared; he has made it deep and large: the pile thereof is fire and much wood; the breath of the LORD, like a stream of brimstone, does kindle it.">Isaiah 30:33</a>; and the Coptic t?f, "spittle.")The valley of the children of Hinnom.--Elsewhere called "the valley of the son of Hinnom," and "the valley of Hinnom (<a href="/joshua/15-8.htm" title="And the border went up by the valley of the son of Hinnom to the south side of the Jebusite; the same is Jerusalem: and the border went up to the top of the mountain that lies before the valley of Hinnom westward, which is at the end of the valley of the giants northward:">Joshua 15:8</a>; <a href="/context/jeremiah/7-31.htm" title="And they have built the high places of Tophet, which is in the valley of the son of Hinnom, to burn their sons and their daughters in the fire; which I commanded them not, neither came it into my heart.">Jeremiah 7:31-32</a>). Simonis plausibly explained the word Hinnom as meaning shrieking or moaning (from the Arabic hanna, arguta voce gemuit, flevit). "The valley of the sons of shrieking" would be a good name for the accursed spot. (Thenius suggests Wimmer-Kinds-Thal.) . . . <div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/2_kings/23.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div>Verse 10. - And he defiled Topheth. "To-pheth" or "Tophet" was the name given to the place in the valley of Hinnom where the sacrifices were offered to Moloch. The root of the word is thought by some to be taph (תַּף), "a drum," because the cries of the children burnt there were drowned by the beating of drums. Others suggest as the root, tuph (תּוּף), "to spit," because the place was "spat at" by the orthodox. But Gesenius and Bottcher derive it from an Aryan root, taph, or tap, "to burn," whence Greek θάπτειν τέφρα, Latin tepidus, Mod. Persian taftan, Sanskrit tap, etc., and regard the meaning as simply "the place of burning" (see the comment on Isaiah 30:33). Which is in the valley of the children of Hinnom. The valley of Hinnom, or of the sons of Hinnom, is generally allowed to be that which sweeps round the more western of the two hills whereon Jerusalem was built, in a direction at first south and then east, uniting itself with the Kidron valley a little to the south of Ophel. The origin of the name is uncertain; but it is most likely that the Beni-Hinnom were a tribe of Canaanites, settled on this side of Jerusalem in the time of Joshua (<a href="/joshua/15-8.htm">Joshua 15:8</a>). The "valley" is a ravine, deep and narrow, with steep, rocky sides. When the Moloch-worship first began in it we cannot say; but it was probably before the time of Solomon, who built a high place for Moloch (<a href="/1_kings/11-11.htm">1 Kings 11:11</a>), on one of the heights by which the valley is enclosed. (On the horrible profanations of the Moloch-worship, see <a href="/jeremiah/7-31.htm">Jeremiah 7:31, 32</a>; <a href="/jeremiah/19-4.htm">Jeremiah 19:4-13</a>; <a href="/jeremiah/32-35.htm">Jeremiah 32:35</a>.) After the Captivity, the valley of Hinnom - Ge-Hinnom - was reckoned an accursed and abominable place, a sort of earthly counterpart of the place of final punishment, which. thence derived its name of "Geheuna" (Γέεννα); (see <a href="/matthew/5-22.htm">Matthew 5:22, 29</a>, etc.). That no man might make his son or his daughter to pass through the fire to Moloch (see the comment on 2 Kings 16:3). <a href="/commentaries/2_kings/23-10.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a> <a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Hebrew</div>He also desecrated וְטִמֵּ֣א (wə·ṭim·mê) Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_2930.htm">Strong's 2930: </a> To be or become unclean Topheth הַתֹּ֔פֶת (hat·tō·p̄eṯ) Article | Noun - proper - feminine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_8612.htm">Strong's 8612: </a> Topheth -- a place South of Jerusalem in the Valley of Ben-hinnom בְּגֵ֣י (bə·ḡê) Preposition-b | Noun - proper - feminine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_1516.htm">Strong's 1516: </a> A valley so that no לְבִלְתִּ֗י (lə·ḇil·tî) Preposition-l <a href="/hebrew/strongs_1115.htm">Strong's 1115: </a> A failure of, not, except, without, unless, besides, because not, until one אִ֜ישׁ (’îš) Noun - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_376.htm">Strong's 376: </a> A man as an individual, a male person could sacrifice לְהַעֲבִ֨יר (lə·ha·‘ă·ḇîr) Preposition-l | Verb - Hifil - Infinitive construct <a href="/hebrew/strongs_5674.htm">Strong's 5674: </a> To pass over, through, or by, pass on his son בְּנ֧וֹ (bə·nōw) Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_1121.htm">Strong's 1121: </a> A son or daughter בִּתּ֛וֹ (bit·tōw) Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_1323.htm">Strong's 1323: </a> A daughter in the fire בָּאֵ֖שׁ (bā·’êš) Preposition-b, Article | Noun - common singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_784.htm">Strong's 784: </a> A fire to Molech. לַמֹּֽלֶךְ׃ (lam·mō·leḵ) Preposition-l, Article | Noun - proper - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_4432.htm">Strong's 4432: </a> Molech -- a heathen god to whom Israelites sacrificed children <div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/2_kings/23-10.htm">2 Kings 23:10 NIV</a> <a href="/nlt/2_kings/23-10.htm">2 Kings 23:10 NLT</a> <a href="/esv/2_kings/23-10.htm">2 Kings 23:10 ESV</a> <a href="/nasb/2_kings/23-10.htm">2 Kings 23:10 NASB</a> <a href="/kjv/2_kings/23-10.htm">2 Kings 23:10 KJV</a> <a href="//bibleapps.com/2_kings/23-10.htm">2 Kings 23:10 BibleApps.com</a> <a href="//bibliaparalela.com/2_kings/23-10.htm">2 Kings 23:10 Biblia Paralela</a> <a href="//holybible.com.cn/2_kings/23-10.htm">2 Kings 23:10 Chinese Bible</a> <a href="//saintebible.com/2_kings/23-10.htm">2 Kings 23:10 French Bible</a> <a href="/catholic/2_kings/23-10.htm">2 Kings 23:10 Catholic Bible</a> <a href="/2_kings/23-10.htm">OT History: 2 Kings 23:10 He defiled Topheth which (2Ki iiKi ii ki 2 kg 2kg) </a></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="left"><a href="/2_kings/23-9.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="2 Kings 23:9"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="2 Kings 23:9" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/2_kings/23-11.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="2 Kings 23:11"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="2 Kings 23:11" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>