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</a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writing_style" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writing_style"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Writing style</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writing_style-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interpretations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interpretations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Interpretations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interpretations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Reception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Censorship_in_the_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Censorship_in_the_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Censorship in the United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Censorship_in_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Violent_reactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Violent_reactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Violent reactions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Violent_reactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attempted_adaptations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attempted_adaptations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Attempted adaptations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Attempted_adaptations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Attempted adaptations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Attempted_adaptations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>In film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Banned_fan_sequel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Banned_fan_sequel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Banned fan sequel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Banned_fan_sequel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy_and_use_in_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy_and_use_in_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Legacy and use in popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy_and_use_in_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>The Catcher in the Rye</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 64 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Catcher_in_the_Rye" title="The Catcher in the Rye – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="The Catcher in the Rye" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_F%C3%A4nger_im_Roggen" title="Der Fänger im Roggen – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Der Fänger im Roggen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86" title="الحارس في حقل الشوفان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الحارس في حقل الشوفان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Catcher_in_the_Rye" title="The Catcher in the Rye – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="The Catcher in the Rye" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ovdarl%C4%B1qda_u%C3%A7urumdan_qoruyan" title="Çovdarlıqda uçurumdan qoruyan – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çovdarlıqda uçurumdan qoruyan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86_%D1%83_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D1%86%D0%B5" title="Лавец у жыце – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лавец у жыце" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86_%D1%83_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D1%86%D0%B5" title="Лавец у жыце – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лавец у жыце" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Catcher_in_the_Rye" title="The Catcher in the Rye – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="The Catcher in the Rye" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%82_%D0%B2_%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B6%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Спасителят в ръжта – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Спасителят в ръжта" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovac_u_%C5%BEitu" title="Lovac u žitu – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Lovac u žitu" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_diwaller_er_segaleg" title="An diwaller er segaleg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="An diwaller er segaleg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_vigilant_en_el_camp_de_s%C3%A8gol" title="El vigilant en el camp de sègol – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="El vigilant en el camp de sègol" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kdo_chyt%C3%A1_v_%C5%BEit%C4%9B" title="Kdo chytá v žitě – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kdo chytá v žitě" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Catcher_in_the_Rye" title="The Catcher in the Rye – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="The Catcher in the Rye" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbandede_Ungdom" title="Forbandede Ungdom – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Forbandede Ungdom" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_F%C3%A4nger_im_Roggen" title="Der Fänger im Roggen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Der Fänger im Roggen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuristik_rukkis" title="Kuristik rukkis – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kuristik rukkis" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F_%CF%86%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%82_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7_%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B7" title="Ο φύλακας στη σίκαλη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ο φύλακας στη σίκαλη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Catcher_in_the_Rye" title="The Catcher in the Rye – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="The Catcher in the Rye" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Gardisto_en_la_Sekalo" title="La Gardisto en la Sekalo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="La Gardisto en la Sekalo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zekale_artean_harrapaka" title="Zekale artean harrapaka – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zekale artean harrapaka" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%AA" title="ناطور دشت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ناطور دشت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Attrape-c%C5%93urs" title="L'Attrape-cœurs – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="L'Attrape-cœurs" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_vix%C3%ADa_no_centeo" title="O vixía no centeo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="O vixía no centeo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%98%B8%EB%B0%80%EB%B0%AD%EC%9D%98_%ED%8C%8C%EC%88%98%EA%BE%BC" title="호밀밭의 파수꾼 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="호밀밭의 파수꾼" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%9D_%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB_%D5%A5%D5%A6%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Տարեկանի արտում՝ անդունդի եզրին – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տարեկանի արտում՝ անդունդի եզրին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovac_u_%C5%BEitu" title="Lovac u žitu – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Lovac u žitu" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Catcher_in_the_Rye" title="The Catcher in the Rye – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="The Catcher in the Rye" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Custode_inter_le_Secale" title="Le Custode inter le Secale – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Le Custode inter le Secale" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il_giovane_Holden" title="Il giovane Holden – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Il giovane Holden" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%9F_%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9F" title="התפסן בשדה השיפון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="התפסן בשדה השיפון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98_%E1%83%AD%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98" title="თამაში ჭვავის ყანაში – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თამაში ჭვავის ყანაში" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8B_%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D1%83%D1%87%D1%83" title="Кара буудайдагы тосуучу – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кара буудайдагы тосуучу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Catcher_in_the_Rye" title="The Catcher in the Rye – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="The Catcher in the Rye" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uz_kraujas_rudzu_lauk%C4%81" title="Uz kraujas rudzu laukā – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Uz kraujas rudzu laukā" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugiuose_prie_bedugn%C4%97s" title="Rugiuose prie bedugnės – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rugiuose prie bedugnės" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rozsban_a_fog%C3%B3" title="Rozsban a fogó – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rozsban a fogó" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%E2%80%99%D1%80%D0%B6%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Игра во ’ржта – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Игра во ’ржта" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%87%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%88" title="ദ് കാച്ചർ ഇൻ ദ് റൈ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ദ് കാച്ചർ ഇൻ ദ് റൈ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%DA%A9%DA%86%D8%B1_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="د کچر این د رای – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="د کچر این د رای" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Catcher_in_the_Rye" title="The Catcher in the Rye – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="The Catcher in the Rye" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E9%BA%A6%E7%95%91%E3%81%A7%E3%81%A4%E3%81%8B%E3%81%BE%E3%81%88%E3%81%A6" title="ライ麦畑でつかまえて – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ライ麦畑でつかまえて" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redderen_i_rugen" title="Redderen i rugen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Redderen i rugen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Agafa-c%C3%B2rs" title="L'Agafa-còrs – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="L'Agafa-còrs" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javdarzordagi_xaloskor" title="Javdarzordagi xaloskor – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Javdarzordagi xaloskor" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A6_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%A6_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88" title="ਦ ਕੈਚਰ ਇਨ ਦ ਰਾਈ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਦ ਕੈਚਰ ਇਨ ਦ ਰਾਈ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buszuj%C4%85cy_w_zbo%C5%BCu" title="Buszujący w zbożu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Buszujący w zbożu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Catcher_in_the_Rye" title="The Catcher in the Rye – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="The Catcher in the Rye" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_veghe_%C3%AEn_lanul_de_secar%C4%83" title="De veghe în lanul de secară – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="De veghe în lanul de secară" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8F_%D0%B2_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%A3" title="Охранця в жытѣ – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Охранця в жытѣ" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%8E_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B8" title="Над пропастью во ржи – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Над пропастью во ржи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Catcher_in_the_Rye" title="The Catcher in the Rye – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="The Catcher in the Rye" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kto_chyt%C3%A1_v_%C5%BEite" title="Kto chytá v žite – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kto chytá v žite" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%95%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8E%DA%A9_%D9%84%DB%95_%D9%85%DB%95%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="پاسەوانێک لە مەزرا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پاسەوانێک لە مەزرا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%86_%D1%83_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83" title="Ловац у житу – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ловац у житу" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieppari_ruispellossa" title="Sieppari ruispellossa – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sieppari ruispellossa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A4ddaren_i_n%C3%B6den" title="Räddaren i nöden – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Räddaren i nöden" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87avdar_Tarlas%C4%B1nda_%C3%87ocuklar" title="Çavdar Tarlasında Çocuklar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çavdar Tarlasında Çocuklar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C_%D1%83_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%96" title="Ловець у житі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ловець у житі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFt_tr%E1%BA%BB_%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng_xanh" title="Bắt trẻ đồng xanh – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bắt trẻ đồng xanh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Catcher_in_the_Rye" title="The Catcher in the Rye – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="The Catcher in the Rye" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%A6%E7%94%B0%E9%87%8C%E4%B8%AA%E5%AE%88%E6%9C%9B%E8%80%85" title="麦田里个守望者 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="麦田里个守望者" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E7%94%B0%E6%8D%95%E6%89%8B" title="麥田捕手 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="麥田捕手" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E7%94%B0%E6%8D%95%E6%89%8B" 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D. Salinger</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/The_Catcher_in_the_Rye_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="The Catcher in the Rye (disambiguation)">The Catcher in the Rye (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%; font-style:italic; padding-bottom:0.2em;">The Catcher in the Rye <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Catcher+in+the+Rye&rft.author=%5B%5BJ.+D.+Salinger%5D%5D&rft.pub=%5B%5BLittle%2C+Brown+and+Company%5D%5D&rft.place=United+States&rft.pages=234+%28may+vary%29&rft_id=info:oclcnum/287628"></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Catcher_in_the_Rye_(1951,_first_edition_cover).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cover features a drawing of a carousel horse (pole visible entering the neck and exiting below on the chest) with a city skyline visible in the distance under the hindquarters. The cover is two-toned: everything below the horse is whitish while the horse and everything above it is a reddish-orange. The title appears at the top in yellow letters against the reddish-orange background. It is split into two lines after "Catcher". At the bottom in the whitish background are the words "a novel by J. D. Salinger"."><img alt="Cover features a drawing of a carousel horse (pole visible entering the neck and exiting below on the chest) with a city skyline visible in the distance under the hindquarters. The cover is two-toned: everything below the horse is whitish while the horse and everything above it is a reddish-orange. The title appears at the top in yellow letters against the reddish-orange background. It is split into two lines after "Catcher". At the bottom in the whitish background are the words "a novel by J. D. Salinger"." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/The_Catcher_in_the_Rye_%281951%2C_first_edition_cover%29.jpg/220px-The_Catcher_in_the_Rye_%281951%2C_first_edition_cover%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/The_Catcher_in_the_Rye_%281951%2C_first_edition_cover%29.jpg/330px-The_Catcher_in_the_Rye_%281951%2C_first_edition_cover%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/The_Catcher_in_the_Rye_%281951%2C_first_edition_cover%29.jpg/440px-The_Catcher_in_the_Rye_%281951%2C_first_edition_cover%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1041" data-file-height="1210" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">First edition cover</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Author</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/J._D._Salinger" title="J. D. Salinger">J. D. Salinger</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cover artist</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/E._Michael_Mitchell" title="E. Michael Mitchell">E. Michael Mitchell</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Literary_realism" title="Literary realism">Realistic fiction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coming-of-age_story" title="Coming-of-age story">Coming-of-age fiction</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Published</th><td class="infobox-data">July 16, 1951<sup id="cite_ref-burgernyt_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-burgernyt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Little,_Brown_and_Company" title="Little, Brown and Company">Little, Brown and Company</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication place</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Media type</th><td class="infobox-data">Print</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pages</th><td class="infobox-data">234 (may vary)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)"><abbr title="Online Computer Library Center number">OCLC</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/287628">287628</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dewey_Decimal_Classification" title="Dewey Decimal Classification">Dewey Decimal</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">813.54</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>The Catcher in the Rye</b></i> is a novel by American author <a href="/wiki/J._D._Salinger" title="J. D. Salinger">J. D. Salinger</a> that was partially published in serial form in 1945–46 before being novelized in 1951. Originally intended for adults, it is often read by adolescents for its themes of <a href="/wiki/Angst" title="Angst">angst</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_alienation" title="Social alienation">alienation</a>, and as a critique of <a href="/wiki/Superficiality" title="Superficiality">superficiality</a> in society.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The novel also deals with themes of innocence, identity, belonging, loss, connection, sex, and depression. The main character, <a href="/wiki/Holden_Caulfield" title="Holden Caulfield">Holden Caulfield</a>, has become an icon for teenage rebellion.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Caulfield, <a href="/wiki/Coming-of-age_story" title="Coming-of-age story">nearly of age</a>, gives his opinion on a wide variety of topics as he narrates his recent life events. </p><p><i>The Catcher in the Rye</i> has been translated widely.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About one million copies are sold each year, with total sales of more than 65 million books.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The novel was included on <i>Time</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s 2005 list of the 100 best English-language novels written since 1923,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it was named by <a href="/wiki/Modern_Library" title="Modern Library">Modern Library</a> and its readers as one of the <a href="/wiki/Modern_Library_100_Best_Novels" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Library 100 Best Novels">100 best English-language novels of the 20th century</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ALA_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ALA-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2003, it was listed at number 15 on the BBC's survey "<a href="/wiki/The_Big_Read" title="The Big Read">The Big Read</a>". </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot">Plot</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Catcher_in_the_Rye&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Plot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Holden Caulfield recalls the events of a long weekend, shortly before the previous year's Christmas. The story begins at Pencey Preparatory Academy, a <a href="/wiki/Boarding_school" title="Boarding school">boarding school</a> in Pennsylvania, where he has been expelled after failing all his classes, except English. </p><p>Later, Holden agrees to write an English composition for his roommate, Ward Stradlater, who is heading out on a date. He is distressed when he learns that Stradlater's date is Jane Gallagher, with whom Holden has been infatuated. When Stradlater returns, hours later, he fails to appreciate the deeply personal composition Holden has written for him about the <a href="/wiki/Baseball_glove" title="Baseball glove">baseball glove</a> of Holden's late brother, Allie, who died from <a href="/wiki/Leukemia" title="Leukemia">leukemia</a> years earlier, and refuses to say whether he had sex with Jane. Enraged, Holden punches and insults him, but Stradlater easily wins the fight. Fed up with the "phonies" at Pencey Prep, Holden decides to catch a train to New York, planning to stay away from his home until Wednesday, when his parents will have received notification of his expulsion. </p><p>Throughout the night, Holden has unpleasant encounters with a prostitute, Sunny, and her pimp, Maurice, who ends up in a physical altercation with Holden; a familiar date, Sally Hayes, who Holden invites to run away with him but is rejected; and an old classmate Carl Luce, who Holden unrelentingly questions about his sex life. Holden eventually gets drunk, awkwardly flirts with several adults, calls Sally again, and runs out of money. </p><p>Nostalgic to see his younger sister Phoebe, Holden sneaks into his parents' apartment while they are out and wakes her. Though happy to see him, Phoebe quickly guesses he has been expelled and chastises him for his general aimlessness and disdain. When she asks if he cares about anything, Holden shares a fantasy (based on a <a href="/wiki/Mondegreen" title="Mondegreen">mishearing</a> of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns" title="Robert Burns">Robert Burns</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Comin%27_Thro%27_the_Rye" title="Comin' Thro' the Rye">Comin' Through the Rye</a></i>), in which he imagines himself saving children running through a field of rye by catching them before they fall off a nearby cliff. Phoebe points out that the actual poem says, "when a body meet a body, comin' through the rye." Holden breaks down in tears, and his sister tries to console him. </p><p>As his parents return home, he slips out and visits his former English teacher, Mr. Antolini, who expresses concern that Holden is headed for "a terrible fall". Mr. Antolini advises him to begin applying himself and provides him with a place to sleep. Holden awakens to find Mr. Antolini patting his head, which he interprets as a sexual advance. He leaves and spends the rest of the night in a train-waiting room at <a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Terminal" title="Grand Central Terminal">Grand Central Terminal</a>, sinking deeper into despair. </p><p>In the morning, having lost hope of ever finding meaningful connection in the city, he decides to head out <a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">West</a> to live as a deaf-mute gas station attendant in a log cabin. He arranges to see Phoebe at lunchtime to explain his plan and say goodbye. When they meet up at the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>, she arrives with a suitcase and asks to go with him. Holden refuses, which upsets Phoebe. He tries to cheer her by allowing her to skip school at the <a href="/wiki/Central_Park_Zoo" title="Central Park Zoo">Central Park Zoo</a>, but she remains angry. They eventually reach the carousel, where they reconcile after he buys her a ticket. The sight of her riding the carousel fills him with happiness. </p><p>He alludes to encountering his parents that night and "getting sick", mentioning that he will be attending another academy in September. The novel ends with Holden stating that he is reluctant to say more because talk of school has made him miss his former classmates. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Catcher_in_the_Rye&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Various older stories by Salinger contain characters similar to those in <i>The Catcher in the Rye</i>. While at <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>, Salinger wrote a <a href="/wiki/Short_story" title="Short story">short story</a> called "The Young Folks" in <a href="/wiki/Whit_Burnett" title="Whit Burnett">Whit Burnett</a>'s class; one character from this story has been described as a "thinly penciled prototype of Sally Hayes". In November 1941 he sold the story "<a href="/wiki/Slight_Rebellion_off_Madison" title="Slight Rebellion off Madison">Slight Rebellion off Madison</a>", which featured Holden Caulfield, to <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>, but it was not published until December 21, 1946, due to <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. The story "<a href="/wiki/I%27m_Crazy" title="I'm Crazy">I'm Crazy</a>", which was published in the December 22, 1945 issue of <i><a href="/wiki/Collier%27s" title="Collier's">Collier's</a></i>, contained material that was later used in <i>The Catcher in the Rye</i>. In 1946, <i>The New Yorker</i> accepted a 90-page <a href="/wiki/Manuscript" title="Manuscript">manuscript</a> about Holden Caulfield for publication, but Salinger later withdrew it.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The school Holden attends is Pencey Preparatory Academy, a <a href="/wiki/Boarding_school" title="Boarding school">boarding school</a> in Pennsylvania that Salinger may have based on the <a href="/wiki/Valley_Forge_Military_Academy_and_College" title="Valley Forge Military Academy and College">Valley Forge Military Academy and College</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writing_style">Writing style</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Catcher_in_the_Rye&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Writing style"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>The Catcher in the Rye</i> is narrated in a <a href="/wiki/First-person_narrative" title="First-person narrative">subjective</a> style from the point of view of Holden Caulfield, <a href="/wiki/Stream_of_consciousness" title="Stream of consciousness">following his exact thought processes</a>. There is flow in the seemingly disjointed ideas and episodes; for example, as Holden sits in a chair in his dorm, minor events, such as picking up a book or looking at a table, unfold into discussions about experiences. </p><p>Critical reviews affirm that the novel accurately reflected the teenage <a href="/wiki/Colloquialism" title="Colloquialism">colloquial</a> speech of the time.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Words and phrases that appear frequently include:<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>"Flitty" – <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">homosexual</a></li> <li>"Give her the time" – <a href="/wiki/Sexual_intercourse" title="Sexual intercourse">sexual intercourse</a></li> <li>"Necking" – kissing, hugging, and caressing passionately</li> <li>"Phony" – people who are dishonest or fake about who they really are<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"Prince" – a fine, generous, helpful fellow (often used in sarcastic fashion)</li> <li>"Rubbernecks" – people who turn their heads to gaze in curiosity</li> <li>"Snowing" – deceiving, misleading, or winning over by glib talk, flattery, etc.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interpretations">Interpretations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Catcher_in_the_Rye&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Interpretations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Brooks" title="Bruce Brooks">Bruce Brooks</a> held that Holden's attitude remains unchanged at story's end, implying no maturation, thus differentiating the novel from <a href="/wiki/Young_adult_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Young adult fiction">young adult fiction</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Menand" title="Louis Menand">Louis Menand</a> thought that teachers assign the novel because of the optimistic ending, to teach adolescent readers that "alienation is just a phase."<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Brooks maintained that Holden acts his age, Menand claimed that Holden thinks as an adult, given his ability to accurately perceive people and their motives. Others highlight the dilemma of Holden's state, in between adolescence and adulthood.<sup id="cite_ref-Onstad_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Onstad-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Holden is quick to become emotional. "I felt sorry as hell for..." is a phrase he often uses. It is often said that Holden changes at the end, when he watches Phoebe on the carousel, and he talks about the golden ring and how it's good for kids to try to grab it.<sup id="cite_ref-Onstad_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Onstad-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Peter Beidler in his <i>A Reader's Companion to J. D. Salinger's "The Catcher in the Rye"</i> identified the movie that the prostitute "Sunny" refers to. In chapter 13 she says that in the movie a boy who looked like Holden fell off a boat, and from this detail, Beidler deduced that the movie was <i><a href="/wiki/Captains_Courageous_(1937_film)" title="Captains Courageous (1937 film)">Captains Courageous</a></i> (1937), with the boy played by child-actor <a href="/wiki/Freddie_Bartholomew" title="Freddie Bartholomew">Freddie Bartholomew</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Each Caulfield child has literary talent. D.B. writes screenplays in Hollywood;<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Holden also reveres D.B. for his writing skill (Holden's own best subject), but he also despises Hollywood industry-based movies, considering them the ultimate in "phony" as the writer has no space for his own imagination and describes D.B.'s move to Hollywood to write for films as "prostituting himself"; Allie wrote poetry on his baseball glove;<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Phoebe is a diarist.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This "catcher in the rye" is an analogy for Holden, who admires in children attributes that he often struggles to find in adults, like innocence, kindness, spontaneity, and generosity. Falling off the cliff could be a progression into the adult world that surrounds him and that he strongly criticizes. Later, Phoebe and Holden exchange roles as the "catcher" and the "fallen"; he gives her his hunting hat, the catcher's symbol, and becomes the fallen as Phoebe becomes the catcher.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In their <a href="/wiki/Salinger_(book)" title="Salinger (book)">biography of Salinger</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Shields" title="David Shields">David Shields</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shane_Salerno" title="Shane Salerno">Shane Salerno</a> argue that: "<i>The Catcher in the Rye</i> can best be understood as a disguised <a href="/wiki/War_novel" title="War novel">war novel</a>." Salinger witnessed the horrors of World War II, but rather than writing a combat novel, Salinger, according to Shields and Salerno, "took the trauma of war and embedded it within what looked to the naked eye like a coming-of-age novel."<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Catcher_in_the_Rye&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>The Catcher in the Rye</i> has been consistently listed as one of the best novels of the twentieth century. Shortly after its publication, in an article for <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, Nash K. Burger called it "an unusually brilliant novel,"<sup id="cite_ref-burgernyt_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-burgernyt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while James Stern wrote an admiring review of the book in a voice imitating Holden's.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> called it a "marvelous book," listing it among the books that inspired him.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2009, the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>'s Finlo Rohrer wrote that, 58 years since publication, the book is still regarded "as the defining work on what it is like to be a teenager."<sup id="cite_ref-finlo_rohrer_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finlo_rohrer-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Adam_Gopnik" title="Adam Gopnik">Adam Gopnik</a> considers it one of the "three perfect books" in American literature, along with <i><a href="/wiki/Adventures_of_Huckleberry_Finn" title="Adventures of Huckleberry Finn">Adventures of Huckleberry Finn</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Gatsby" title="The Great Gatsby">The Great Gatsby</a></i>, and believes that "no book has ever captured a city better than <i>Catcher in the Rye</i> captured New York in the fifties."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an appraisal of <i>The Catcher in the Rye</i> written after the death of J. D. Salinger, Jeff Pruchnic says the novel has retained its appeal for many generations. Pruchnic describes Holden as a "teenage protagonist frozen midcentury but destined to be discovered by those of a similar age in every generation to come."<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a> said that <i>The Catcher in the Rye</i> is one of his favorite books,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as has <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Sorkin" title="Aaron Sorkin">Aaron Sorkin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Not all reception has been positive. The book has had its share of naysayers, including the longtime <i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a></i> book critic <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Yardley" title="Jonathan Yardley">Jonathan Yardley</a>, who, in 2004, wrote that the experience of rereading the novel after several decades proved to be "a painful experience: The combination of Salinger's <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/execrable#English" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:execrable">execrable</a> prose and Caulfield's <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/jejune#English" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:jejune">jejune</a> narcissism produced effects comparable to mainlining castor oil." Yardley described the novel as among the worst popular books in the annals of American literature. "Why," Yardley asked, "do English teachers, whose responsibility is to teach good writing, repeatedly and reflexively require students to read a book as badly written as this one?"<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Rohrer, many contemporary readers, as Yardley found, "just cannot understand what the fuss is about.... many of these readers are disappointed that the novel fails to meet the expectations generated by the mystique it is shrouded in. J. D. Salinger has done his part to enhance this mystique. That is to say, he has done nothing."<sup id="cite_ref-finlo_rohrer_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finlo_rohrer-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rohrer assessed the reasons behind both the popularity and criticism of the book, saying that it "captures existential teenage angst" and has a "complex central character" and "accessible conversational style"; while at the same time some readers may dislike the "use of 1940s New York vernacular" and the excessive "whining" of the "self-obsessed character". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Censorship_in_the_United_States">Censorship in the United States</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Catcher_in_the_Rye&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Censorship in the United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1960, a teacher in <a href="/wiki/Tulsa,_Oklahoma" title="Tulsa, Oklahoma">Tulsa, Oklahoma</a>, was fired for assigning the novel in class. She was later reinstated.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1961 and 1982, <i>The Catcher in the Rye</i> was the most <a href="/wiki/Censorship" title="Censorship">censored</a> book in high schools and libraries in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-In_Cold_Fear_review_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-In_Cold_Fear_review-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The book was briefly banned in the <a href="/wiki/Issaquah,_Washington" title="Issaquah, Washington">Issaquah, Washington</a>, high schools in 1978 when three members of the School Board alleged the book was part of an "overall communist plot".<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This ban did not last long, and the offended board members were immediately recalled and removed in a special election.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1981, it was both the most censored book and the second most taught book in public schools in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/American_Library_Association" title="American Library Association">American Library Association</a>, <i>The Catcher in the Rye</i> was the 10th most frequently <a href="/wiki/Challenge_(literature)" class="mw-redirect" title="Challenge (literature)">challenged</a> book from 1990 to 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-ALA_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ALA-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was one of the ten most challenged books of 2005,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and although it had been off the list for three years, it reappeared in the list of most challenged books of 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The challenges generally begin with Holden's frequent use of vulgar language;<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Boron_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boron-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> other reasons include sexual references,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Blasphemy" title="Blasphemy">blasphemy</a>, undermining of family values<sup id="cite_ref-Boron_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boron-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and moral codes,<sup id="cite_ref-Frangedis_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frangedis-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> encouragement of rebellion,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and promotion of drinking, smoking, lying, <a href="/wiki/Promiscuity" title="Promiscuity">promiscuity</a>, and sexual abuse.<sup id="cite_ref-Frangedis_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frangedis-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The book was written for an adult audience, which often forms the foundation of many challengers' arguments against it.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Often the challengers have been unfamiliar with the plot itself.<sup id="cite_ref-In_Cold_Fear_review_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-In_Cold_Fear_review-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shelley Keller-Gage, a high school teacher who faced objections after assigning the novel in her class, noted that "the challengers are being just like Holden... They are trying to be catchers in the rye."<sup id="cite_ref-Boron_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boron-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Censorship of the book often causes a <a href="/wiki/Streisand_effect" title="Streisand effect">Streisand effect</a>, as such incidents cause many to put themselves on the waiting list to borrow the novel, where there was no waiting list before.<sup id="cite_ref-Whitfield_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitfield-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Violent_reactions">Violent reactions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Catcher_in_the_Rye&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Violent reactions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/The_Catcher_in_the_Rye_in_popular_culture#Shootings" title="The Catcher in the Rye in popular culture">The Catcher in the Rye in popular culture § Shootings</a></div> <p>Several shootings have been <a href="/wiki/The_Catcher_in_the_Rye_in_popular_culture#Shootings" title="The Catcher in the Rye in popular culture">associated</a> with Salinger's novel, including <a href="/wiki/Robert_John_Bardo" title="Robert John Bardo">Robert John Bardo</a>'s murder of <a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Schaeffer" title="Rebecca Schaeffer">Rebecca Schaeffer</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Hinckley_Jr." title="John Hinckley Jr.">John Hinckley Jr.</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan">assassination attempt</a> on <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>. Additionally, after <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_John_Lennon" title="Murder of John Lennon">fatally shooting</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_David_Chapman" title="Mark David Chapman">Mark David Chapman</a> was arrested with a copy of the book that he had purchased that same day, inside of which he had written: "To Holden Caulfield, From Holden Caulfield, <i>This</i> is my statement".<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Commenting on the fascination of Hinckley and Chapman, Harvey Solomon-Brady wrote: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Compared to books lauded by other killers – <a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">George Orwell</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Nineteen_Eighty-Four" title="Nineteen Eighty-Four">1984</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>'s assassin <a href="/wiki/Lee_Harvey_Oswald" title="Lee Harvey Oswald">Lee Harvey Oswald</a>, <a href="/wiki/C._S._Lewis" title="C. S. Lewis">C.S. Lewis</a>'s meditations on Christianity by <a href="/wiki/Gianni_Versace" title="Gianni Versace">Gianni Versace</a>'s murderer <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Cunanan" title="Andrew Cunanan">Andrew Cunanan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Conrad" title="Joseph Conrad">Joseph Conrad</a>'s <i>The Secret Agent</i> by Unabomber <a href="/wiki/Ted_Kaczynski" title="Ted Kaczynski">Ted Kaczynski</a> – <i>The Catcher in the Rye</i> stands out in its devastating ability to influence without explicit instruction.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attempted_adaptations">Attempted adaptations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Catcher_in_the_Rye&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Attempted adaptations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_film">In film</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Catcher_in_the_Rye&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: In film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Early in his career, Salinger expressed a willingness to have his work adapted for the screen.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1949, a critically panned film version of his short story "<a href="/wiki/Uncle_Wiggily_in_Connecticut" title="Uncle Wiggily in Connecticut">Uncle Wiggily in Connecticut</a>" was released; renamed <i><a href="/wiki/My_Foolish_Heart_(1949_film)" title="My Foolish Heart (1949 film)">My Foolish Heart</a></i>, the film took great liberties with Salinger's plot and is widely considered to be among the reasons that Salinger refused to allow any subsequent film adaptations of his work.<sup id="cite_ref-Onstad_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Onstad-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-berg_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-berg-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The enduring success of <i>The Catcher in the Rye</i>, however, has resulted in repeated attempts to secure the novel's screen rights.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When <i>The Catcher in the Rye</i> was first released, many offers were made to adapt it for the screen, including one from <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Goldwyn" title="Samuel Goldwyn">Samuel Goldwyn</a>, producer of <i>My Foolish Heart</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-berg_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-berg-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a letter written in the early 1950s, Salinger spoke of mounting a play in which he would play the role of Holden Caulfield opposite <a href="/wiki/Margaret_O%27Brien" title="Margaret O'Brien">Margaret O'Brien</a>, and, if he couldn't play the part himself, to "forget about it." Almost 50 years later, the writer <a href="/wiki/Joyce_Maynard" title="Joyce Maynard">Joyce Maynard</a> definitively concluded, "The only person who might ever have played Holden Caulfield would have been J. D. Salinger."<sup id="cite_ref-mayn_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mayn-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Salinger told Maynard in the 1970s that <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lewis" title="Jerry Lewis">Jerry Lewis</a> "tried for years to get his hands on the part of Holden,"<sup id="cite_ref-mayn_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mayn-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the protagonist in the novel which Lewis had not read until he was in his thirties.<sup id="cite_ref-Whitfield_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitfield-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Film industry figures including <a href="/wiki/Marlon_Brando" title="Marlon Brando">Marlon Brando</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bakshi" title="Ralph Bakshi">Ralph Bakshi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tobey_Maguire" title="Tobey Maguire">Tobey Maguire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_DiCaprio" title="Leonardo DiCaprio">Leonardo DiCaprio</a> have tried to make a film adaptation.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an interview with <i><a href="/wiki/Premiere_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Premiere (magazine)">Premiere</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/John_Cusack" title="John Cusack">John Cusack</a> commented that his one regret about turning 21 was that he had become too old to play Holden Caulfield. Writer-director <a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> recounted his abortive attempts to snare the novel's rights: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Of course I read <i>The Catcher in the Rye</i>... Wonderful book. I loved it. I pursued it. I wanted to make a picture out of it. And then one day a young man came to the office of <a href="/wiki/Leland_Hayward" title="Leland Hayward">Leland Hayward</a>, my agent, in New York, and said, "Please tell Mr. Leland Hayward to lay off. He's very, very insensitive." And he walked out. That was the entire speech. I never saw him. That was J. D. Salinger and that was <i>Catcher in the Rye</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In 1961, Salinger denied <a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a> permission to direct a stage adaptation of <i>Catcher</i> for <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadway theater">Broadway</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-guard_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guard-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, Salinger's agents received bids for the <i>Catcher</i> film rights from <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Weinstein" title="Harvey Weinstein">Harvey Weinstein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a>, neither of which was even passed on to Salinger for consideration.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2003, the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> television program <i><a href="/wiki/Big_Read" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Read">The Big Read</a></i> featured <i>The Catcher in the Rye</i>, interspersing discussions of the novel with "a series of short films that featured an actor playing J. D. Salinger's adolescent antihero, Holden Caulfield."<sup id="cite_ref-guard_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guard-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The show defended its unlicensed adaptation of the novel by claiming to be a "literary review", and no major charges were filed. </p><p>In 2008, the rights of Salinger's works were placed in the JD Salinger Literary Trust where Salinger was the sole trustee. Phyllis Westberg, who was Salinger's agent at Harold Ober Associates in New York, declined to say who the trustees are now that the author is dead. After Salinger died in 2010, Westberg stated that nothing had changed in terms of licensing film, television, or stage rights of his works.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A letter written by Salinger in 1957 revealed that he was open to an adaptation of <i>The Catcher in the Rye</i> released after his death. He wrote: "Firstly, it is possible that one day the rights will be sold. Since there's an ever-looming possibility that I won't die rich, I toy very seriously with the idea of leaving the unsold rights to my wife and daughter as a kind of insurance policy. It pleasures me no end, though, I might quickly add, to know that I won't have to see the results of the transaction." Salinger also wrote that he believed his novel was not suitable for film treatment, and that translating Holden Caulfield's <a href="/wiki/First-person_narrative" title="First-person narrative">first-person narrative</a> into <a href="/wiki/Voice-over" title="Voice-over">voice-over</a> and dialogue would be contrived.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, <a href="/wiki/Don_Hahn" title="Don Hahn">Don Hahn</a> revealed that <a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">The Walt Disney Company</a> had almost made an animated film titled <i>Dufus</i> which would have been an adaptation of <i>The Catcher in the Rye</i> "with <a href="/wiki/German_Shepherd" title="German Shepherd">German shepherds</a>", most likely akin to <i><a href="/wiki/Oliver_%26_Company" title="Oliver & Company">Oliver & Company</a></i>. The idea came from then CEO <a href="/wiki/Michael_Eisner" title="Michael Eisner">Michael Eisner</a> who loved the book and wanted to do an adaptation. After being told that J. D. Salinger would not agree to sell the film rights, Eisner stated, "Well, let's just do that kind of story, that kind of growing up, coming of age story."<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Banned_fan_sequel">Banned fan sequel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Catcher_in_the_Rye&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Banned fan sequel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2009, the year before he died, Salinger successfully sued to stop the U.S. publication of a novel that presents Holden Caulfield as an old man.<sup id="cite_ref-finlo_rohrer_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finlo_rohrer-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The novel's author, <a href="/wiki/John_David_California" title="John David California">Fredrik Colting</a>, commented: "call me an ignorant Swede, but the last thing I thought possible in the U.S. was that you banned books".<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The issue is complicated by the nature of Colting's book, <i>60 Years Later: Coming Through the Rye</i>, which has been compared to <a href="/wiki/Fan_fiction" title="Fan fiction">fan fiction</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although commonly not authorized by writers, no legal action is usually taken against fan fiction, since it is rarely published commercially and thus involves no profit.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy_and_use_in_popular_culture">Legacy and use in popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Catcher_in_the_Rye&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Legacy and use in popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_Catcher_in_the_Rye_in_popular_culture" title="The Catcher in the Rye in popular culture">The Catcher in the Rye in popular culture</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Catcher_in_the_Rye&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_censorship_in_the_United_States" title="Book censorship in the United States">Book censorship in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Monde%27s_100_Books_of_the_Century" title="Le Monde's 100 Books of the Century"><i>Le Monde</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s 100 Books of the Century</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Catcher_in_the_Rye&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Catcher_in_the_Rye&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090928013312/http://calarts.edu/news/11-sep-2009/calartsremembersbelovedanimationinstructoremichaelmitchell">"CalArts Remembers Beloved Animation Instructor E. Michael Mitchell"</a>. Calarts.edu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://calarts.edu/news/11-sep-2009/calartsremembersbelovedanimationinstructoremichaelmitchell">the original</a> on September 28, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 30,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CalArts+Remembers+Beloved+Animation+Instructor+E.+Michael+Mitchell&rft.pub=Calarts.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcalarts.edu%2Fnews%2F11-sep-2009%2Fcalartsremembersbelovedanimationinstructoremichaelmitchell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.onlineuniversities.com/blog/2010/01/judging-the-book-50-most-captivating-covers-of-all-time/">"50 Most Captivating Covers"</a>. Onlineuniversities.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 30,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=50+Most+Captivating+Covers&rft.pub=Onlineuniversities.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.onlineuniversities.com%2Fblog%2F2010%2F01%2Fjudging-the-book-50-most-captivating-covers-of-all-time%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-burgernyt-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-burgernyt_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-burgernyt_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurger1951" class="citation news cs1">Burger, Nash K. (July 16, 1951). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/books/98/09/13/specials/salinger-rye02.html">"Books of The Times"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 18,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Books+of+The+Times&rft.date=1951-07-16&rft.aulast=Burger&rft.aufirst=Nash+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fbooks%2F98%2F09%2F13%2Fspecials%2Fsalinger-rye02.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Costello, Donald P., and <a href="/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom">Harold Bloom</a>. "The Language of 'The Catcher in the Rye:' Bloom's Modern Critical Interpretations: The Catcher in the Rye (2000): 11–20. Literary Reference Center. EBSCO. Web. December 1, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-28671475_ITM">"Carte Blanche: Famous Firsts"</a>. <i>Booklist</i>. November 15, 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 20,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Booklist&rft.atitle=Carte+Blanche%3A+Famous+Firsts&rft.date=2000-11-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.accessmylibrary.com%2Fcoms2%2Fsummary_0286-28671475_ITM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i> Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of Allusions</i> By Elizabeth Webber, Mike Feinsilber p. 105</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagill1991" class="citation book cs1">Magill, Frank N. (1991). "J. D. Salinger". <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/magillssurveyofa02magi"><i>Magill's Survey of American Literature</i></a></span>. New York: Marshall Cavendish Corporation. p. 1803. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85435-437-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-85435-437-X"><bdi>1-85435-437-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=J.+D.+Salinger&rft.btitle=Magill%27s+Survey+of+American+Literature&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=1803&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish+Corporation&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=1-85435-437-X&rft.aulast=Magill&rft.aufirst=Frank+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmagillssurveyofa02magi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to List of best-selling books. An earlier article says more than 20 million: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYardley2004" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Yardley" title="Jonathan Yardley">Yardley, Jonathan</a> (October 19, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A43680-2004Oct18.html">"J. D. Salinger's Holden Caulfield, Aging Gracelessly"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 21,</span> 2007</span>. <q>It isn't just a novel, it's a dispatch from an unknown, mysterious universe, which may help explain the phenomenal sales it enjoys to this day: about 250,000 copies a year, with total worldwide sales over – probably way over – 10 million.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=J.+D.+Salinger%27s+Holden+Caulfield%2C+Aging+Gracelessly&rft.date=2004-10-19&rft.aulast=Yardley&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Farticles%2FA43680-2004Oct18.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrossmanLacayo2005" class="citation magazine cs1">Grossman, Lev; Lacayo, Richard (October 16, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://entertainment.time.com/2005/10/16/all-time-100-novels/">"All-Time 100 Novels: The Complete List"</a>. <i>Time</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=All-Time+100+Novels%3A+The+Complete+List&rft.date=2005-10-16&rft.aulast=Grossman&rft.aufirst=Lev&rft.au=Lacayo%2C+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fentertainment.time.com%2F2005%2F10%2F16%2Fall-time-100-novels%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ALA-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ALA_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ALA_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ala.org/ala/issuesadvocacy/banned/frequentlychallenged/challengedbydecade/1990_1999/index.cfm">"The 100 most frequently challenged books: 1990–1999"</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Library_Association" title="American Library Association">American Library Association</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 13,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+100+most+frequently+challenged+books%3A+1990%E2%80%931999&rft.pub=American+Library+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ala.org%2Fala%2Fissuesadvocacy%2Fbanned%2Ffrequentlychallenged%2Fchallengedbydecade%2F1990_1999%2Findex.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">List of most commonly challenged books from the list of the one hundred most important books of the 20th century by Radcliffe Publishing Course</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuinn2001" class="citation news cs1">Guinn, Jeff (August 10, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=ET&p_theme=et&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EDCAD301800C85B&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Catcher in the Rye' still influences 50 years later"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(fee required)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Erie_Times-News" title="Erie Times-News">Erie Times-News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 18,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Erie+Times-News&rft.atitle=%27Catcher+in+the+Rye%27+still+influences+50+years+later&rft.date=2001-08-10&rft.aulast=Guinn&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnl.newsbank.com%2Fnl-search%2Fwe%2FArchives%3Fp_product%3DET%26p_theme%3Det%26p_action%3Dsearch%26p_maxdocs%3D200%26p_topdoc%3D1%26p_text_direct-0%3D0EDCAD301800C85B%26p_field_direct-0%3Ddocument_id%26p_perpage%3D10%26p_sort%3DYMD_date%3AD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-6739335_ITM">Alternate URL</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalzman1991" class="citation book cs1">Salzman, Jack (1991). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780521377980"><i>New essays on the Catcher in the Rye</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780521377980/page/3">3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521377980" title="Special:BookSources/9780521377980"><bdi>9780521377980</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+essays+on+the+Catcher+in+the+Rye&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9780521377980&rft.aulast=Salzman&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780521377980&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2022/04/valley-forge-military-academy-problems-hazing-sexual-assault-lawsuits/">"Hazing, Fighting, Sexual Assaults: How Valley Forge Military Academy Devolved Into "Lord of the Flies" – Mother Jones"</a>. Motherjones.com. October 30, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hazing%2C+Fighting%2C+Sexual+Assaults%3A+How+Valley+Forge+Military+Academy+Devolved+Into+%22Lord+of+the+Flies%22+%E2%80%93+Mother+Jones&rft.pub=Motherjones.com&rft.date=2005-10-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.motherjones.com%2Fpolitics%2F2022%2F04%2Fvalley-forge-military-academy-problems-hazing-sexual-assault-lawsuits%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCostello1959" class="citation journal cs1">Costello, Donald P. (October 1959). "The Language of 'The Catcher in the Rye'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>American Speech</i>. <b>34</b> (3): 172–182. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F454038">10.2307/454038</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-1283">0003-1283</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/454038">454038</a>. <q>Most critics who glared at <i>The Catcher in the Rye</i> at the time of its publication thought that its language was a true and authentic rendering of teenage colloquial speech.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Speech&rft.atitle=The+Language+of+%27The+Catcher+in+the+Rye%27&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=172-182&rft.date=1959-10&rft.issn=0003-1283&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F454038%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F454038&rft.aulast=Costello&rft.aufirst=Donald+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cliffsnotes.com/literature/c/the-catcher-in-the-rye/study-help/full-glossary">"Study Help Full Glossary"</a>. <i>CliffsNotes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 9,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CliffsNotes&rft.atitle=Study+Help+Full+Glossary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cliffsnotes.com%2Fliterature%2Fc%2Fthe-catcher-in-the-rye%2Fstudy-help%2Ffull-glossary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sparknotes.com/lit/catcher/key-questions-and-answers/#">"The Catcher in the Rye: Questions and Answers"</a>. <i>SparkNotes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 9,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SparkNotes&rft.atitle=The+Catcher+in+the+Rye%3A+Questions+and+Answers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sparknotes.com%2Flit%2Fcatcher%2Fkey-questions-and-answers%2F%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooks2004" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Brooks" title="Bruce Brooks">Brooks, Bruce</a> (May 1, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20071221100107/http://archive.hbook.com/magazine/articles/2004/may04_brooks.asp">"Holden at sixteen"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Horn_Book_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Horn Book Magazine">Horn Book Magazine</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.hbook.com/magazine/articles/2004/may04_brooks.asp">the original</a> on December 21, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 19,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Horn+Book+Magazine&rft.atitle=Holden+at+sixteen&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.hbook.com%2Fmagazine%2Farticles%2F2004%2Fmay04_brooks.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMenand2001" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Menand" title="Louis Menand">Menand, Louis</a> (September 27, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2001/10/01/011001fa_FACT3?currentPage=all">"Holden at fifty"</a>. <i>The New Yorker</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 19,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Holden+at+fifty&rft.date=2001-09-27&rft.aulast=Menand&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Farchive%2F2001%2F10%2F01%2F011001fa_FACT3%3FcurrentPage%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Onstad-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Onstad_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Onstad_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Onstad_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOnstad2008" class="citation news cs1">Onstad, Katrina (February 22, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080225165543/http://www.cbc.ca/arts/film/bartlett.html">"Beholden to Holden"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/arts/film/bartlett.html">the original</a> on February 25, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Beholden+to+Holden&rft.date=2008-02-22&rft.aulast=Onstad&rft.aufirst=Katrina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Farts%2Ffilm%2Fbartlett.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Graham, 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPress2011" class="citation web cs1">Press, Coffeetown (June 16, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coffeetownpress.com/2011/06/16/the-second-edition-of-peter-g-beidlers-a-readers-companion-to-j-d-salingers-the-catcher-in-the-rye/">"A Reader's Companion to J.D. Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye (Second Edition), by Peter G. Beidler"</a>. <i>Coffeetown Press</i>. p. 28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 3,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Coffeetown+Press&rft.atitle=A+Reader%27s+Companion+to+J.D.+Salinger%27s+The+Catcher+in+the+Rye+%28Second+Edition%29%2C+by+Peter+G.+Beidler&rft.pages=28&rft.date=2011-06-16&rft.aulast=Press&rft.aufirst=Coffeetown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcoffeetownpress.com%2F2011%2F06%2F16%2Fthe-second-edition-of-peter-g-beidlers-a-readers-companion-to-j-d-salingers-the-catcher-in-the-rye%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSalinger1969">Salinger (1969</a>, p. 67)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSalinger1969">Salinger (1969</a>, p. 38)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSalinger1969">Salinger (1969</a>, p. 160)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYasuhiro_Takeuchi2002" class="citation news cs1">Yasuhiro Takeuchi (Fall 2002). "The Burning Carousel and the Carnivalesque: Subversion and Transcendence at the Close of <i>The Catcher in the Rye</i>". <i>Studies in the Novel</i>. Vol. 34, no. 3. pp. 320–337.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studies+in+the+Novel&rft.atitle=The+Burning+Carousel+and+the+Carnivalesque%3A+Subversion+and+Transcendence+at+the+Close+of+The+Catcher+in+the+Rye&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=320-337&rft.date=2002&rft.au=Yasuhiro+Takeuchi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShieldsSalerno2013" class="citation book cs1">Shields, David; Salerno, Shane (2013). <i>Salinger</i> (Hardcover ed.). Simon & Schuster. p. xvi. <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Standard_Identification_Number" title="Amazon Standard Identification Number">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.ca/dp/1476744831">1476744831</a>. <q>The Catcher in the Rye can best be understood as a disguised war novel. Salinger emerged from the war incapable of believing in the heroic, noble ideals we like to think our cultural institutions uphold. Instead of producing a combat novel, like Norman Mailer, James Jones, and Joseph Heller did, Salinger took the trauma of war and embedded it within what looked to the naked eye like a coming-of-age novel.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Salinger&rft.pages=xvi&rft.edition=Hardcover&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Shields&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Salerno%2C+Shane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStern1951" class="citation news cs1">Stern, James (July 15, 1951). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/books/98/09/13/specials/salinger-rye01.html">"Aw, the World's a Crumby Place"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 18,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Aw%2C+the+World%27s+a+Crumby+Place&rft.date=1951-07-15&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fbooks%2F98%2F09%2F13%2Fspecials%2Fsalinger-rye01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19970213181840/http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/bus0int-1">"Academy of Achievement – George H. W. Bush"</a>. <i>The American Academy of Achievement</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/bus0int-1">the original</a> on February 13, 1997<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 5,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Academy+of+Achievement&rft.atitle=Academy+of+Achievement+%E2%80%93+George+H.+W.+Bush&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.achievement.org%2Fautodoc%2Fpage%2Fbus0int-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-finlo_rohrer-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-finlo_rohrer_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-finlo_rohrer_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-finlo_rohrer_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRohrer2009" class="citation news cs1">Rohrer, Finlo (June 5, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/8084931.stm">"The why of the Rye"</a>. <i>BBC News Magazine</i>. BBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 5,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+why+of+the+Rye&rft.date=2009-06-05&rft.aulast=Rohrer&rft.aufirst=Finlo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fmagazine%2F8084931.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gopnik, Adam. <i>The New Yorker</i>, February 8, 2010, p. 21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pruchnic, Jeff. "Holden at Sixty: Reading Catcher After the Age of Irony." Critical Insights: ------------The Catcher in The Rye (2011): 49–63. Literary Reference Center. Web. February 2, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGates" class="citation news cs1">Gates, Bill. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gatesnotes.com/About-Bill-Gates/Best-Books-2013">"The Best Books I Read in 2013"</a>. <i>gatesnotes.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 7,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=gatesnotes.com&rft.atitle=The+Best+Books+I+Read+in+2013&rft.aulast=Gates&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gatesnotes.com%2FAbout-Bill-Gates%2FBest-Books-2013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://parade.com/76929/parade/books-that-changed-celebrity-lives/">"Celebrities Share With PARADE: 'The Book That Changed My Life'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Parade: Entertainment, Recipes, Health, Life, Holidays</i>. June 8, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parade%3A+Entertainment%2C+Recipes%2C+Health%2C+Life%2C+Holidays&rft.atitle=Celebrities+Share+With+PARADE%3A+%27The+Book+That+Changed+My+Life%27&rft.date=2012-06-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fparade.com%2F76929%2Fparade%2Fbooks-that-changed-celebrity-lives%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYardley2004" class="citation news cs1">Yardley, Jonathan (October 19, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/jd-salingers-holden-caulfield-aging-gracelessly/2013/08/27/04127c00-0f5b-11e3-85b6-d27422650fd5_story.html">"J.D. Salinger's Holden Caulfield, Aging Gracelessly"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=J.D.+Salinger%27s+Holden+Caulfield%2C+Aging+Gracelessly&rft.date=2004-10-19&rft.aulast=Yardley&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flifestyle%2Fstyle%2Fjd-salingers-holden-caulfield-aging-gracelessly%2F2013%2F08%2F27%2F04127c00-0f5b-11e3-85b6-d27422650fd5_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDutra2006" class="citation news cs1">Dutra, Fernando (September 25, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130215192024/http://www.dailycampus.com/focus/banned-book-week-celebrates-freedom-1.1060005">"U. Connecticut: Banned Book Week celebrates freedom"</a>. The America's Intelligence Wire. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailycampus.com/focus/banned-book-week-celebrates-freedom-1.1060005">the original</a> on February 15, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 20,</span> 2007</span>. <q>In 1960 a teacher in Tulsa, Okla. was fired for assigning "The Catcher in the Rye". After appealing, the teacher was reinstated, but the book was removed from the itinerary in the school.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=U.+Connecticut%3A+Banned+Book+Week+celebrates+freedom&rft.date=2006-09-25&rft.aulast=Dutra&rft.aufirst=Fernando&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailycampus.com%2Ffocus%2Fbanned-book-week-celebrates-freedom-1.1060005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-In_Cold_Fear_review-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-In_Cold_Fear_review_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-In_Cold_Fear_review_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-4139523_ITM">"In Cold Fear: 'The Catcher in the Rye', Censorship, Controversies and Postwar American Character. (Book Review)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Modern_Language_Review" title="Modern Language Review">Modern Language Review</a></i>. April 1, 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 19,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modern+Language+Review&rft.atitle=In+Cold+Fear%3A+%27The+Catcher+in+the+Rye%27%2C+Censorship%2C+Controversies+and+Postwar+American+Character.+%28Book+Review%29&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.accessmylibrary.com%2Fcoms2%2Fsummary_0286-4139523_ITM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReiff2008" class="citation book cs1">Reiff, Raychel Haugrud (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oBPBiaBBF24C&pg=PA80"><i>J.D. Salinger: The Catcher in the Rye and Other Works</i></a>. Tarrytown, NY: Marshall Cavendish Corporation. p. 80. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-2594-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-2594-6"><bdi>978-0-7614-2594-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=J.D.+Salinger%3A+The+Catcher+in+the+Rye+and+Other+Works&rft.place=Tarrytown%2C+NY&rft.pages=80&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish+Corporation&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7614-2594-6&rft.aulast=Reiff&rft.aufirst=Raychel+Haugrud&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoBPBiaBBF24C%26pg%3DPA80&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenkinson1982" class="citation book cs1">Jenkinson, Edward (1982). <i>Censors in the Classroom</i>. Avon Books. p. 35. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0380597901" title="Special:BookSources/978-0380597901"><bdi>978-0380597901</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Censors+in+the+Classroom&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=Avon+Books&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0380597901&rft.aulast=Jenkinson&rft.aufirst=Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrychuk2004" class="citation web cs1">Andrychuk, Sylvia (February 17, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928072611/http://www.slais.ubc.ca/courses/libr559f/03-04-wt2/projects/S_Andrychuk/Content/history_book_catcher.pdf">"A History of J.D. Salinger's <i>The Catcher in the Rye</i>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 6. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slais.ubc.ca/courses/libr559f/03-04-wt2/projects/S_Andrychuk/Content/history_book_catcher.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on September 28, 2007. <q>During 1981, <i>The Catcher in the Rye</i> had the unusual distinction of being the most frequently censored book in the United States, and, at the same time, the second-most frequently taught novel in American public schools.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+History+of+J.D.+Salinger%27s+The+Catcher+in+the+Rye&rft.pages=6&rft.date=2004-02-17&rft.aulast=Andrychuk&rft.aufirst=Sylvia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slais.ubc.ca%2Fcourses%2Flibr559f%2F03-04-wt2%2Fprojects%2FS_Andrychuk%2FContent%2Fhistory_book_catcher.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ala.org/Template.cfm?Section=News&template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=119074">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"It's Perfectly Normal" tops ALA's 2005 list of most challenged books"</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Library_Association" title="American Library Association">American Library Association</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22It%27s+Perfectly+Normal%22+tops+ALA%27s+2005+list+of+most+challenged+books&rft.pub=American+Library+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ala.org%2FTemplate.cfm%3FSection%3DNews%26template%3D%2FContentManagement%2FContentDisplay.cfm%26ContentID%3D119074&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ala.org/bbooks/frequentlychallengedbooks/top10#2009">"Top ten most frequently challenged books of 2009"</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Library_Association" title="American Library Association">American Library Association</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 27,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+ten+most+frequently+challenged+books+of+2009&rft.pub=American+Library+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ala.org%2Fbbooks%2Ffrequentlychallengedbooks%2Ftop10%232009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080606032330/http://www.cjonline.com/stories/100697/snider.html">"Art or trash? It makes for endless, unwinnable debate"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Topeka_Capital-Journal" title="The Topeka Capital-Journal">The Topeka Capital-Journal</a></i>. October 6, 1997. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cjonline.com/stories/100697/snider.html">the original</a> on June 6, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 20,</span> 2007</span>. <q>Another perennial target, J.D. Salinger's "Catcher in the Rye," was challenged in Maine because of the "f" word.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Topeka+Capital-Journal&rft.atitle=Art+or+trash%3F+It+makes+for+endless%2C+unwinnable+debate&rft.date=1997-10-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cjonline.com%2Fstories%2F100697%2Fsnider.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boron-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Boron_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boron_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boron_44-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMydans1989" class="citation news cs1">Mydans, Seth (September 3, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE1D7103CF930A3575AC0A96F948260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=2">"In a Small Town, a Battle Over a Book"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. p. 2<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 20,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+a+Small+Town%2C+a+Battle+Over+a+Book&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1989-09-03&rft.aulast=Mydans&rft.aufirst=Seth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9C0CE1D7103CF930A3575AC0A96F948260%26sec%3D%26spon%3D%26pagewanted%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacIntyre2005" class="citation news cs1">MacIntyre, Ben (September 24, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080111104410/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,923-1792974,00.html">"The American banned list reveals a society with serious hang-ups"</a>. <i>The Times</i>. London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,923-1792974,00.html">the original</a> on January 11, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 20,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=The+American+banned+list+reveals+a+society+with+serious+hang-ups&rft.date=2005-09-24&rft.aulast=MacIntyre&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesonline.co.uk%2Farticle%2F0%2C%2C923-1792974%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frangedis-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Frangedis_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frangedis_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrangedis1988" class="citation journal cs1">Frangedis, Helen (November 1988). "Dealing with the Controversial Elements in <i>The Catcher in the Rye</i>". <i>The English Journal</i>. <b>77</b> (7): 72–75. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F818945">10.2307/818945</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/818945">818945</a>. <q>The foremost allegation made against <i>Catcher</i> is... that it teaches loose moral codes; that it glorifies... drinking, smoking, lying, promiscuity, and more.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+English+Journal&rft.atitle=Dealing+with+the+Controversial+Elements+in+The+Catcher+in+the+Rye&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=72-75&rft.date=1988-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F818945&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F818945%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Frangedis&rft.aufirst=Helen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYilu_Zhao2003" class="citation news cs1">Yilu Zhao (August 31, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B06E2DF1438F932A0575BC0A9659C8B63">"Banned, But Not Forgotten"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 20,</span> 2007</span>. <q><i>The Catcher in the Rye,</i> interpreted by some as encouraging rebellion against authority...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Banned%2C+But+Not+Forgotten&rft.date=2003-08-31&rft.au=Yilu+Zhao&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9B06E2DF1438F932A0575BC0A9659C8B63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.bl.uk/english-and-drama/2016/09/banned-from-the-classroom-censorship-and-the-catcher-in-the-rye.html">"Banned from the classroom: Censorship and The Catcher in the Rye – English and Drama blog"</a>. <i>blogs.bl.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 30,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=blogs.bl.uk&rft.atitle=Banned+from+the+classroom%3A+Censorship+and+The+Catcher+in+the+Rye+%E2%80%93+English+and+Drama+blog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.bl.uk%2Fenglish-and-drama%2F2016%2F09%2Fbanned-from-the-classroom-censorship-and-the-catcher-in-the-rye.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whitfield-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Whitfield_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whitfield_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitfield1997" class="citation journal cs1">Whitfield, Stephen (December 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120912144104/http://www.northeastern.edu/neq/pdfs/Whitfield%2C_Stephen_J.pdf">"Cherished and Cursed: Toward a Social History of The Catcher in the Rye"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The New England Quarterly</i>. <b>70</b> (4): 567–600. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F366646">10.2307/366646</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/366646">366646</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northeastern.edu/neq/pdfs/Whitfield%2C_Stephen_J.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on September 12, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 2,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+England+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Cherished+and+Cursed%3A+Toward+a+Social+History+of+The+Catcher+in+the+Rye&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=567-600&rft.date=1997-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F366646&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F366646%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Whitfield&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northeastern.edu%2Fneq%2Fpdfs%2FWhitfield%252C_Stephen_J.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>J.D. Salinger</i>. Philadelphia: <a href="/wiki/Chelsea_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Chelsea House">Chelsea House</a>. 2001. pp. 77–105. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7910-6175-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7910-6175-2"><bdi>0-7910-6175-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=J.D.+Salinger&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=77-105&rft.pub=Chelsea+House&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-7910-6175-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeeks2000" class="citation web cs1">Weeks, Linton (September 10, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604005125/http://amarillo.com/stories/091000/boo_tellingondad.shtml">"Telling on Dad"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Amarillo_Globe-News" title="Amarillo Globe-News">Amarillo Globe-News</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amarillo.com/stories/091000/boo_tellingondad.shtml">the original</a> on June 4, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Amarillo+Globe-News&rft.atitle=Telling+on+Dad&rft.date=2000-09-10&rft.aulast=Weeks&rft.aufirst=Linton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Famarillo.com%2Fstories%2F091000%2Fboo_tellingondad.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoyle2003" class="citation news cs1">Doyle, Aidan (December 15, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071105025510/http://dir.salon.com/story/books/feature/2003/12/15/books_kill/index1.html">"When books kill"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Salon.com" title="Salon.com">Salon.com</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dir.salon.com/story/books/feature/2003/12/15/books_kill/index1.html">the original</a> on November 5, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Salon.com&rft.atitle=When+books+kill&rft.date=2003-12-15&rft.aulast=Doyle&rft.aufirst=Aidan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdir.salon.com%2Fstory%2Fbooks%2Ffeature%2F2003%2F12%2F15%2Fbooks_kill%2Findex1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harvey Solomon-Brady, WhyNow, "Did The Catcher in the Rye kill John Lennon?," 8 December 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamilton1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Hamilton_(critic)" title="Ian Hamilton (critic)">Hamilton, Ian</a> (1988). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/insearchofjdsali0000hami"><i>In Search of J. D. Salinger</i></a></span>. New York: Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-53468-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-394-53468-9"><bdi>0-394-53468-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Search+of+J.+D.+Salinger&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-394-53468-9&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finsearchofjdsali0000hami&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span> p. 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-berg-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-berg_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-berg_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Berg, A. Scott. <i>Goldwyn: A Biography</i>. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1989. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57322-723-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-57322-723-4">1-57322-723-4</a>. p. 446.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Dr. Peter Beidler's A<i> Reader's Companion to J. D. Salinger's the Catcher in the Rye</i>, Chapter 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mayn-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mayn_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mayn_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaynard1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joyce_Maynard" title="Joyce Maynard">Maynard, Joyce</a> (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/athomeinworld00joyc"><i>At Home in the World</i></a></span>. New York: Picador. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/athomeinworld00joyc/page/93">93</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-19556-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-19556-7"><bdi>0-312-19556-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=At+Home+in+the+World&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=93&rft.pub=Picador&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-312-19556-7&rft.aulast=Maynard&rft.aufirst=Joyce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fathomeinworld00joyc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040906121952/http://vgn.ifilm.com/db/static_text/0,1699,5784,00.html">"News & Features"</a>. <i>IFILM: The Internet Movie Guide</i>. 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vgn.ifilm.com/db/static_text/0,1699,5784,00.html">the original</a> on September 6, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IFILM%3A+The+Internet+Movie+Guide&rft.atitle=News+%26+Features&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvgn.ifilm.com%2Fdb%2Fstatic_text%2F0%2C1699%2C5784%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Crowe, Cameron, ed. <i>Conversations with Wilder</i>. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-375-40660-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-375-40660-3">0-375-40660-3</a>. p. 299.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guard-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-guard_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-guard_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcAllister2003" class="citation news cs1">McAllister, David (November 11, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.guardian.co.uk/news/articles/0,6109,1082699,00.html">"Will J. D. Salinger sue?"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 12,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Will+J.+D.+Salinger+sue%3F&rft.date=2003-11-11&rft.aulast=McAllister&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.guardian.co.uk%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F0%2C6109%2C1082699%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/entertainment/film/spielberg-wanted-to-film-catcher-in-the-rye-124346.html">"Spielberg wanted to film Catcher In The Rye"</a>. <i>Irish Examiner</i>. December 5, 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 24,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Irish+Examiner&rft.atitle=Spielberg+wanted+to+film+Catcher+In+The+Rye&rft.date=2003-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishexaminer.com%2Fbreakingnews%2Fentertainment%2Ffilm%2Fspielberg-wanted-to-film-catcher-in-the-rye-124346.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/01/29/2805400.htm?section=justin">"Slim chance of Catcher in the Rye movie – ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. ABCnet.au. January 29, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 30,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Slim+chance+of+Catcher+in+the+Rye+movie+%E2%80%93+ABC+News+%28Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation%29&rft.date=2010-01-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2Fstories%2F2010%2F01%2F29%2F2805400.htm%3Fsection%3Djustin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConnelly2010" class="citation news cs1">Connelly, Sherryl (January 29, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/music/2010/01/30/2010-01-30_could_catcher_in_the_rye_finally_make_it_to_the_big_screen_salinger_letter_sugge.html">"Could 'Catcher in the Rye' finally make it to the big screen? Salinger letter suggests yes"</a>. <i>Daily News</i>. New York<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 30,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+News&rft.atitle=Could+%27Catcher+in+the+Rye%27+finally+make+it+to+the+big+screen%3F+Salinger+letter+suggests+yes&rft.date=2010-01-29&rft.aulast=Connelly&rft.aufirst=Sherryl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nydailynews.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmusic%2F2010%2F01%2F30%2F2010-01-30_could_catcher_in_the_rye_finally_make_it_to_the_big_screen_salinger_letter_sugge.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2020" class="citation web cs1">Taylor, Drew (August 3, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collider.com/disney-catcher-in-the-rye-animated-movie-explained/">"Disney Once Tried to Make an Animated 'Catcher in the Rye' — But Wait, There's More"</a>. <i>Collider</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 3,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collider&rft.atitle=Disney+Once+Tried+to+Make+an+Animated+%27Catcher+in+the+Rye%27+%E2%80%94+But+Wait%2C+There%27s+More&rft.date=2020-08-03&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Drew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollider.com%2Fdisney-catcher-in-the-rye-animated-movie-explained%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGross2009" class="citation news cs1">Gross, Doug (June 3, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/books/06/03/salinger.catcher.lawsuit/index.html">"Lawsuit targets 'rip-off' of 'Catcher in the Rye'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. CNN<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 3,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Lawsuit+targets+%27rip-off%27+of+%27Catcher+in+the+Rye%27&rft.date=2009-06-03&rft.aulast=Gross&rft.aufirst=Doug&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2009%2FSHOWBIZ%2Fbooks%2F06%2F03%2Fsalinger.catcher.lawsuit%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fogel, Karl. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://questioncopyright.org/salinger_censors">Looks like censorship, smells like censorship... maybe it IS censorship?</a>. <i>QuestionCopyright.org</i>. July 7, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sutherland, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130505075836/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/lifestyle/article-23704887-details/How+fanfic+took+over+the+web/article.do">How fanfic took over the web</a> <i><a href="/wiki/London_Evening_Standard" class="mw-redirect" title="London Evening Standard">London Evening Standard</a></i>. Retrieved July 22, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRebecca_Tushnet1997" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Tushnet" title="Rebecca Tushnet">Rebecca Tushnet</a> (1997). "Fan Fiction and a New Common Law". <i>Loyola of Los Angeles Entertainment Law Journal</i>. <b>17</b>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Loyola+of+Los+Angeles+Entertainment+Law+Journal&rft.atitle=Fan+Fiction+and+a+New+Common+Law&rft.volume=17&rft.date=1997&rft.au=Rebecca+Tushnet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Catcher_in_the_Rye&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham2007" class="citation book cs1">Graham, Sarah (2007). <i>J.D. Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye</i>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-34452-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-34452-4"><bdi>978-0-415-34452-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=J.D.+Salinger%27s+The+Catcher+in+the+Rye&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-415-34452-4&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRohrer2009" class="citation news cs1">Rohrer, Finlo (June 5, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/8084931.stm">"The why of the Rye"</a>. <i>BBC News Magazine</i>. BBC.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+why+of+the+Rye&rft.date=2009-06-05&rft.aulast=Rohrer&rft.aufirst=Finlo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fmagazine%2F8084931.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalinger1969" class="citation cs2">Salinger, J. D. (1969), <i>The Catcher in the Rye</i>, New York: <a href="/wiki/Bantam_Books" title="Bantam Books">Bantam</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Catcher+in+the+Rye&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Bantam&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Salinger&rft.aufirst=J.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWahlbrinck2021" class="citation book cs1">Wahlbrinck, Bernd (2021). <i>Looking Back after 70 Years: J.D. Salinger's Catcher in the Rye Revisited</i>. Tumbelweed. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-9821463-7-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-9821463-7-9"><bdi>978-3-9821463-7-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Looking+Back+after+70+Years%3A+J.D.+Salinger%27s+Catcher+in+the+Rye+Revisited&rft.pub=Tumbelweed&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-3-9821463-7-9&rft.aulast=Wahlbrinck&rft.aufirst=Bernd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Catcher_in_the_Rye&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteinle2000" class="citation book cs1">Steinle, Pamela Hunt (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160331042330/https://ohiostatepress.org/index.htm?%2Fbooks%2Fbook%2520pages%2Fsteinle%2520in.html"><i>In Cold Fear: </i>The Catcher in the Rye<i> Censorship Controversies and Postwar American Character</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_University_Press" title="Ohio State University Press">Ohio State University Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohiostatepress.org/index.htm?/books/book%20pages/steinle%20in.html">the original</a> on March 31, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 29,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Cold+Fear%3A+The+Catcher+in+the+Rye+Censorship+Controversies+and+Postwar+American+Character&rft.pub=Ohio+State+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Steinle&rft.aufirst=Pamela+Hunt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohiostatepress.org%2Findex.htm%3F%2Fbooks%2Fbook%2520pages%2Fsteinle%2520in.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Catcher+in+the+Rye" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Catcher_in_the_Rye&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox 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href="http://www.mansionbooks.com/BookDetail.php?bk=213">Photos of the first edition of <i>Catcher in the Rye</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/books/06/03/salinger.catcher.lawsuit/index.html">Lawsuit targets "rip-off" of "Catcher in the Rye"</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="J._D._Salinger" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:J._D._Salinger" title="Template:J. D. Salinger"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:J._D._Salinger" title="Template talk:J. D. Salinger"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:J._D._Salinger" title="Special:EditPage/Template:J. D. Salinger"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="J._D._Salinger" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/J._D._Salinger" title="J. D. Salinger">J. D. Salinger</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Catcher in the Rye</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short story collections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nine_Stories_(Salinger)" title="Nine Stories (Salinger)">Nine Stories</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Franny_and_Zooey" title="Franny and Zooey">Franny and Zooey</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Raise_High_the_Roof_Beam,_Carpenters_and_Seymour:_An_Introduction" title="Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters and Seymour: An Introduction">Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters and Seymour: An Introduction</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Early_Stories" title="Three Early Stories">Three Early Stories</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short stories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Blue_Melody" title="Blue Melody">Blue Melody</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Both_Parties_Concerned" title="Both Parties Concerned">Both Parties Concerned</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Boy_in_France" title="A Boy in France">A Boy in France</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/De_Daumier-Smith%27s_Blue_Period" title="De Daumier-Smith's Blue Period">De Daumier-Smith's Blue Period</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Down_at_the_Dinghy" title="Down at the Dinghy">Down at the Dinghy</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Elaine_(short_story)" title="Elaine (short story)">Elaine</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/For_Esm%C3%A9%E2%80%94with_Love_and_Squalor" title="For Esmé—with Love and Squalor">For Esmé—with Love and Squalor</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Girl_I_Knew" title="A Girl I Knew">A Girl I Knew</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Go_See_Eddie" title="Go See Eddie">Go See Eddie</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Hang_of_It" title="The Hang of It">The Hang of It</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hapworth_16,_1924" title="Hapworth 16, 1924">Hapworth 16, 1924</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Heart_of_a_Broken_Story" title="The Heart of a Broken Story">The Heart of a Broken Story</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27m_Crazy" title="I'm Crazy">I'm Crazy</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Inverted_Forest" title="The Inverted Forest">The Inverted Forest</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Just_Before_the_War_with_the_Eskimos" title="Just Before the War with the Eskimos">Just Before the War with the Eskimos</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Last_Day_of_the_Last_Furlough" title="Last Day of the Last Furlough">Last Day of the Last Furlough</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Laughing_Man_(short_story)" title="The Laughing Man (short story)">The Laughing Man</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Long_Debut_of_Lois_Taggett" title="The Long Debut of Lois Taggett">The Long Debut of Lois Taggett</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Once_a_Week_Won%27t_Kill_You" title="Once a Week Won't Kill You">Once a Week Won't Kill You</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Perfect_Day_for_Bananafish" title="A Perfect Day for Bananafish">A Perfect Day for Bananafish</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Personal_Notes_of_an_Infantryman" title="Personal Notes of an Infantryman">Personal Notes of an Infantryman</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Pretty_Mouth_and_Green_My_Eyes" title="Pretty Mouth and Green My Eyes">Pretty Mouth and Green My Eyes</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Slight_Rebellion_off_Madison" title="Slight Rebellion off Madison">Slight Rebellion off Madison</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Soft-Boiled_Sergeant" title="Soft-Boiled Sergeant">Soft-Boiled Sergeant</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Stranger_(Salinger_short_story)" title="The Stranger (Salinger short story)">The Stranger</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Teddy_(story)" title="Teddy (story)">Teddy</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/This_Sandwich_Has_No_Mayonnaise" title="This Sandwich Has No Mayonnaise">This Sandwich Has No Mayonnaise</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Uncle_Wiggily_in_Connecticut" title="Uncle Wiggily in Connecticut">Uncle Wiggily in Connecticut</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Varioni_Brothers" title="The Varioni Brothers">The Varioni Brothers</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Three_Early_Stories#The_Young_Folks" title="Three Early Stories">The Young Folks</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Young_Girl_in_1941_with_No_Waist_at_All" title="A Young Girl in 1941 with No Waist at All">A Young Girl in 1941 with No Waist at All</a>"</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Unpublished" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unpublished</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Birthday_Boy_(short_story)" title="Birthday Boy (short story)">Birthday Boy</a>"</li> <li>"The Boy in the People Shooting Hat"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Children%27s_Echelon" title="The Children's Echelon">The Children's Echelon</a>"</li> <li>"I Went to School with Adolf Hitler"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Last_and_Best_of_the_Peter_Pans" title="The Last and Best of the Peter Pans">The Last and Best of the Peter Pans</a>"</li> <li>"Lunch for Three"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Foxhole" title="The Magic Foxhole">The Magic Foxhole</a>"</li> <li>"Monologue for a Watery Highball"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mrs._Hincher" title="Mrs. Hincher">Mrs. Hincher</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Ocean_Full_of_Bowling_Balls" title="The Ocean Full of Bowling Balls">The Ocean Full of Bowling Balls</a>"</li> <li>"Paula"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Two_Lonely_Men" title="Two Lonely Men">Two Lonely Men</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Salinger" title="Matt Salinger">Matt Salinger</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holden_Caulfield" title="Holden Caulfield">Holden Caulfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_family" title="Glass family">Glass family</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salinger_v._Random_House,_Inc." title="Salinger v. Random House, Inc.">Salinger v. Random House, Inc.</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Foolish_Heart_(1949_film)" title="My Foolish Heart (1949 film)">My Foolish Heart</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pari_(1995_film)" title="Pari (1995 film)">Pari</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salinger_(film)" title="Salinger (film)">Salinger</a></i> (2013) (<a href="/wiki/Salinger_(book)" title="Salinger (book)">companion biography</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manhattan%27s_Babe" title="Manhattan's Babe">Manhattan's Babe</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coming_Through_the_Rye_(film)" title="Coming Through the Rye (film)">Coming Through the Rye</a></i> (2015 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rebel_in_the_Rye" title="Rebel in the Rye">Rebel in the Rye</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Salinger_Year" title="My Salinger Year">My Salinger Year</a></i> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Works_by_J._D._Salinger" title="Category:Works by J. D. Salinger">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183883#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183883#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183883#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/198915525">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4120008-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007451820305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Catcher_in_the_Rye&oldid=1262174028">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Catcher_in_the_Rye&oldid=1262174028</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fiction_set_in_1949" title="Category:Fiction set in 1949">Fiction set in 1949</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1951_American_novels" title="Category:1951 American novels">1951 American novels</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_bildungsromans" title="Category:American bildungsromans">American bildungsromans</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Book_censorship_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Category:Book censorship in the Republic of Ireland">Book censorship in the Republic of Ireland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English-language_novels" title="Category:English-language novels">English-language novels</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fiction_with_unreliable_narrators" title="Category:Fiction with unreliable narrators">Fiction with unreliable narrators</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Literary_realism" title="Category:Literary realism">Literary realism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Little,_Brown_and_Company_books" title="Category:Little, Brown and Company books">Little, Brown and Company books</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Novels_by_J._D._Salinger" title="Category:Novels by J. 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