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<li id="toc-Palais-Cardinal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palais-Cardinal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Palais-Cardinal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palais-Cardinal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orléans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orléans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Philippe I, Duke of Orléans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orléans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orléans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orléans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Philippe II, Duke of Orléans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orléans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Louis_d'Orléans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Louis_d'Orléans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Louis d'Orléans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Louis_d'Orléans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Louis_Philippe_I" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Louis_Philippe_I"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Louis Philippe I</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Louis_Philippe_I-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Louis_Philippe_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Louis_Philippe_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Louis Philippe II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Louis_Philippe_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Theatres_of_the_Palais-Royal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theatres_of_the_Palais-Royal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1</span> <span>Theatres of the Palais-Royal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theatres_of_the_Palais-Royal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shopping_arcades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shopping_arcades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.2</span> <span>Shopping arcades</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shopping_arcades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palais_de_l'Égalité_and_the_Revolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palais_de_l'Égalité_and_the_Revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Palais de l'Égalité and the Revolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palais_de_l'Égalité_and_the_Revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bourbon_restoration_to_Second_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bourbon_restoration_to_Second_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Bourbon restoration to Second Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bourbon_restoration_to_Second_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Palais-Royal_today" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Palais-Royal_today"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>The Palais-Royal today</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-The_Palais-Royal_today-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle The Palais-Royal today subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-The_Palais-Royal_today-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-South_façade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_façade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>South façade</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_façade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Council_of_State" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Council_of_State"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Council of State</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Council_of_State-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ministry_of_Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ministry_of_Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Ministry of Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ministry_of_Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Constitutional_Council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constitutional_Council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Constitutional Council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Constitutional_Council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Courtyard_of_Honor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Courtyard_of_Honor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Courtyard of Honor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Courtyard_of_Honor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gardens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gardens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Gardens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gardens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Town_houses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Town_houses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Town houses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Town_houses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Galleries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galleries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Galleries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Galleries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Restaurants_-_Le_Grand_Véfour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Restaurants_-_Le_Grand_Véfour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Restaurants - Le Grand Véfour</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Restaurants_-_Le_Grand_Véfour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theater_of_the_Comédie_Française" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theater_of_the_Comédie_Française"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Theater of the Comédie Française</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theater_of_the_Comédie_Française-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Théâtre_du_Palais-Royal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Théâtre_du_Palais-Royal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>Théâtre du Palais-Royal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Théâtre_du_Palais-Royal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Palais-Royal</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 45 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">45 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A" title="القصر الملكي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="القصر الملكي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais-Royal" title="Palais-Royal – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Palais-Royal" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5-%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Пале-Раяль – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пале-Раяль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palau_Reial_(Par%C3%ADs)" title="Palau Reial (París) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Palau Reial (París)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais_Royal" title="Palais Royal – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Palais Royal" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais-Royal" title="Palais-Royal – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Palais-Royal" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais-Royal" title="Palais-Royal – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Palais-Royal" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais_Royal" title="Palais Royal – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Palais Royal" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais-Royal" title="Palais-Royal – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Palais-Royal" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%AF_%CE%A1%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BB" title="Παλαί Ρουαγιάλ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παλαί Ρουαγιάλ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais-Royal" title="Palais-Royal – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Palais-Royal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Re%C4%9Da_Palaco_(Parizo)" title="Reĝa Palaco (Parizo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Reĝa Palaco (Parizo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parisko_Errege_Jauregia" title="Parisko Errege Jauregia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Parisko Errege Jauregia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84" title="پله رویال – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پله رویال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais-Royal" title="Palais-Royal – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Palais-Royal" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%94%EB%A0%88_%EB%A3%A8%EC%95%84%EC%96%84" title="팔레 루아얄 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="팔레 루아얄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A5-%D5%8C%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AC" title="Պալե-Ռոյալ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պալե-Ռոյալ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais-Royal" title="Palais-Royal – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Palais-Royal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais-Royal" title="Palais-Royal – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Palais-Royal" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C" title="פאלה רויאל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פאלה רויאל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatium_Regium_(Lutetia)" title="Palatium Regium (Lutetia) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Palatium Regium (Lutetia)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais-Royal" title="Palais-Royal – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Palais-Royal" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karali%C5%A1kieji_r%C5%ABmai_(Pary%C5%BEius)" title="Karališkieji rūmai (Paryžius) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Karališkieji rūmai (Paryžius)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais-Royal" title="Palais-Royal – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Palais-Royal" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais-Royal" title="Palais-Royal – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Palais-Royal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais-Royal" title="Palais-Royal – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Palais-Royal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AD%E3%83%AF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A4%E3%83%AB" title="パレ・ロワイヤル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パレ・ロワイヤル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais-Royal" title="Palais-Royal – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Palais-Royal" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais_Reiau_(Par%C3%ADs)" title="Palais Reiau (París) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Palais Reiau (París)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais-Royal" title="Palais-Royal – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Palais-Royal" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais_Royal" title="Palais Royal – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Palais Royal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais-Royal" title="Palais-Royal – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Palais-Royal" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5-%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Пале-Рояль – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пале-Рояль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais_Royal" title="Palais Royal – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Palais Royal" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais_Royal" title="Palais Royal – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Palais Royal" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraljeva_pala%C4%8Da,_Pariz" title="Kraljeva palača, Pariz – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kraljeva palača, Pariz" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%95%DB%8C%D8%B3_%DA%95%DB%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%B5" title="کۆشکی پالەیس ڕۆیاڵ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆشکی پالەیس ڕۆیاڵ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%99%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_(%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7)" title="Краљевска палата (Париз) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Краљевска палата (Париз)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais-Royal" title="Palais-Royal – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Palais-Royal" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais-Royal" title="Palais-Royal – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Palais-Royal" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5-%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5" title="ปาแล-รัวยาล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปาแล-รัวยาล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5-%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Пале-Рояль – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пале-Рояль" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%84" title="رویال محل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رویال محل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais-Royal" title="Palais-Royal – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Palais-Royal&params=48_51_48_N_2_20_13_E_region:FR-J_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°51′48″N</span> <span class="longitude">2°20′13″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.86333°N 2.33694°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.86333; 2.33694</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palais_Royal&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Palais Royal">Palais Royal</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Palace and an associated garden located in the 1st arrondissement of Paris</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Palais Royal" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Palais_Royal_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Palais Royal (disambiguation)">Palais Royal (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Palais-Royal</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Conseil_d%27Etat_Paris_WA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Conseil_d%27Etat_Paris_WA.jpg/250px-Conseil_d%27Etat_Paris_WA.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Conseil_d%27Etat_Paris_WA.jpg/375px-Conseil_d%27Etat_Paris_WA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Conseil_d%27Etat_Paris_WA.jpg/500px-Conseil_d%27Etat_Paris_WA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2900" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="text-align: center">Entrance front of the Palais-Royal</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="13" data-overlays="["_3e7dd6e73e6791c22fb983394c485fa1529f1200"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Palais-Royal&revid=1257975044&groups=_3e7dd6e73e6791c22fb983394c485fa1529f1200" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Palais-Royal&revid=1257975044&groups=_3e7dd6e73e6791c22fb983394c485fa1529f1200 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed;color:#000;">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Address</th><td class="infobox-data">204 <a href="/wiki/Rue_Saint-Honor%C3%A9" title="Rue Saint-Honoré">Rue Saint-Honoré</a>, <span class="nowrap">Place du Palais-Royal</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Current tenants</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Conseil_d%27%C3%89tat_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conseil d'État (France)">Conseil d'État</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(France)" title="Ministry of Culture (France)">Ministry of Culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Council_(France)" title="Constitutional Council (France)">Constitutional Council</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Construction started</th><td class="infobox-data">1633</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Completed</th><td class="infobox-data">1639</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Renovated</th><td class="infobox-data">1698–1700; 1719–1729; 1753–1779; 1782–1783; 1791–1793; 1828–1830</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Client</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Richelieu" title="Cardinal Richelieu">Cardinal Richelieu</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed;color:#000;">Design and construction</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Architect(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Lemercier" title="Jacques Lemercier">Jacques Lemercier</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jules_Hardouin-Mansart" title="Jules Hardouin-Mansart">Jules Hardouin-Mansart</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles-Marie_Oppenord" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilles-Marie Oppenord">Gilles-Marie Oppenord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Contant_d%27Ivry" title="Pierre Contant d'Ivry">Pierre Contant d'Ivry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Louis_Moreau-Desproux" title="Pierre-Louis Moreau-Desproux">Pierre-Louis Moreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Louis" title="Victor Louis">Victor Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Fran%C3%A7ois-L%C3%A9onard_Fontaine" title="Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine">Pierre Fontaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Percier" title="Charles Percier">Charles Percier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed;color:#000;">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domaine-palais-royal.fr/en/">domaine-palais-royal.fr</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Palais-Royal</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[pa.lɛ<span class="wrap"> </span>ʁwa.jal]</a></span>) is a former French royal palace located on <a href="/wiki/Rue_Saint-Honor%C3%A9" title="Rue Saint-Honoré">Rue Saint-Honoré</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1st_arrondissement_of_Paris" title="1st arrondissement of Paris">1st arrondissement of Paris</a>. The screened entrance court faces the Place du Palais-Royal, opposite the <a href="/wiki/Louvre_Palace" title="Louvre Palace">Louvre</a>. Originally called the <b>Palais-Cardinal</b>, it was built for <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Richelieu" title="Cardinal Richelieu">Cardinal Richelieu</a> from about 1633 to 1639 by architect <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Lemercier" title="Jacques Lemercier">Jacques Lemercier</a>. Richelieu bequeathed it to <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII" title="Louis XIII">Louis XIII</a>, before <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a> gave it to his younger brother, <a href="/wiki/Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippe I, Duke of Orléans">Philippe I, Duke of Orléans</a>. As the succeeding <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Duke of Orléans">Dukes of Orléans</a> made such extensive alterations over the years, almost nothing remains of Lemercier's original design. </p><p>The Palais-Royal is now the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(France)" title="Ministry of Culture (France)">Ministry of Culture</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Conseil_d%27%C3%89tat_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conseil d'État (France)">Conseil d'État</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Council_(France)" title="Constitutional Council (France)">Constitutional Council</a>. The central Palais-Royal Garden (Jardin du Palais-Royal) serves as a public park; its arcade houses shops. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palais-Royal&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palais-Cardinal">Palais-Cardinal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palais-Royal&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Palais-Cardinal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Palais_Cardinal_(future_Palais_Royal,_Paris)_by_an_unknown_artist_(adjusted).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/The_Palais_Cardinal_%28future_Palais_Royal%2C_Paris%29_by_an_unknown_artist_%28adjusted%29.jpg/220px-The_Palais_Cardinal_%28future_Palais_Royal%2C_Paris%29_by_an_unknown_artist_%28adjusted%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/The_Palais_Cardinal_%28future_Palais_Royal%2C_Paris%29_by_an_unknown_artist_%28adjusted%29.jpg/330px-The_Palais_Cardinal_%28future_Palais_Royal%2C_Paris%29_by_an_unknown_artist_%28adjusted%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/The_Palais_Cardinal_%28future_Palais_Royal%2C_Paris%29_by_an_unknown_artist_%28adjusted%29.jpg/440px-The_Palais_Cardinal_%28future_Palais_Royal%2C_Paris%29_by_an_unknown_artist_%28adjusted%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="653" data-file-height="468" /></a><figcaption>The Palais-Cardinal, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1641</span></figcaption></figure> <p>Originally called the Palais-Cardinal, the <a href="/wiki/Palace" title="Palace">palace</a> was the personal residence of <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Richelieu" title="Cardinal Richelieu">Cardinal Richelieu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Horne131_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Horne131-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The architect <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Lemercier" title="Jacques Lemercier">Jacques Lemercier</a> began his design in 1629;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Construction commenced in 1633 and was completed in 1639.<sup id="cite_ref-Horne131_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Horne131-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The gardens were begun in 1629 by Jean Le Nôtre (father of <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Le_N%C3%B4tre" title="André Le Nôtre">André Le Nôtre</a>), Simon Bouchard, and <a href="/wiki/Pierre_I_Desgots" title="Pierre I Desgots">Pierre I Desgots</a>, to a design created by <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Boyceau" title="Jacques Boyceau">Jacques Boyceau</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon Richelieu's death in 1642 the palace became the property of the King and acquired the new name <i>Palais-Royal</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Horne131_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Horne131-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII" title="Louis XIII">Louis XIII</a> died the following year, it became the home of the Queen Mother <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Austria" title="Anne of Austria">Anne of Austria</a> and her young sons <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippe I, Duke of Orléans">Philippe, duke of Anjou</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> along with her advisor <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Mazarin" title="Cardinal Mazarin">Cardinal Mazarin</a>. </p><p>From 1649, the palace was the residence of the exiled <a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Maria_of_France" title="Henrietta Maria of France">Henrietta Maria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Princess_Henrietta_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Henrietta of England">Henrietta Anne Stuart</a>, wife and daughter of the deposed King <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I of England</a>. The two had escaped England in the midst of the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a> and were sheltered by Henrietta Maria's nephew, King Louis XIV. </p><p>The Palais Brion, a separate section near the <a href="/wiki/Rue_de_Richelieu" title="Rue de Richelieu">rue de Richelieu</a> to the west of the Palais-Royal, was purchased by Louis XIV from the heirs of Cardinal Richelieu. Louis had it connected to the Palais-Royal. It was at the Palais Brion that Louis had his mistress <a href="/wiki/Louise_de_La_Valli%C3%A8re" title="Louise de La Vallière">Louise de La Vallière</a> stay while his affair with <a href="/wiki/Madame_de_Montespan" title="Madame de Montespan">Madame de Montespan</a> was still an <i>official</i> secret.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orléans"><span id="Philippe_I.2C_Duke_of_Orl.C3.A9ans"></span>Philippe I, Duke of Orléans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palais-Royal&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Philippe I, Duke of Orléans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Corneille_the_Elder_-_Philippe_of_France,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_-_Versailles,_MV2082.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Corneille_the_Elder_-_Philippe_of_France%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_-_Versailles%2C_MV2082.jpg/220px-Corneille_the_Elder_-_Philippe_of_France%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_-_Versailles%2C_MV2082.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Corneille_the_Elder_-_Philippe_of_France%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_-_Versailles%2C_MV2082.jpg/330px-Corneille_the_Elder_-_Philippe_of_France%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_-_Versailles%2C_MV2082.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Corneille_the_Elder_-_Philippe_of_France%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_-_Versailles%2C_MV2082.jpg/440px-Corneille_the_Elder_-_Philippe_of_France%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_-_Versailles%2C_MV2082.jpg 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="515" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippe I, Duke of Orléans">Philippe de France, duc d'Orléans</a> the younger brother of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Henrietta Anne was married to Louis' younger brother, <a href="/wiki/Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippe I, Duke of Orléans">Philippe I, Duke of Orléans</a> in the palace chapel on 31 March 1661. After their marriage, Louis XIV allowed his brother and wife to use the Palais-Royal as their main Paris residence. The following year the new duchess gave birth to a daughter, <a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans_(1662%E2%80%931689)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Louise d'Orléans (1662–1689)">Marie Louise d'Orléans</a>, inside the palace. She created the ornamental gardens of the palace, which were said to be among the most beautiful in Paris. Under the new ducal couple, the Palais-Royal would become the social center of the capital. </p><p>The palace was redecorated and new apartments were created for the Duchess's maids and staff. Several of the women who later came to be <a href="/wiki/Ma%C3%AEtresse-en-titre" title="Maîtresse-en-titre">favourites</a> to King Louis XIV were from her household: <a href="/wiki/Louise_de_La_Valli%C3%A8re" title="Louise de La Vallière">Louise de La Vallière</a>, who gave birth there to two sons of the King, in 1663 and 1665; <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise-Ath%C3%A9na%C3%AFs,_marquise_de_Montespan" class="mw-redirect" title="Françoise-Athénaïs, marquise de Montespan">Françoise-Athénaïs, marquise de Montespan</a>, who supplanted Louise; and <a href="/wiki/Ang%C3%A9lique_de_Fontanges" class="mw-redirect" title="Angélique de Fontanges">Angélique de Fontanges</a>, who was in service to the second Duchess of Orléans. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Ball_(dance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ball (dance)">court gatherings</a> at the Palais-Royal were famed all around the capital as well as all of France. It was at these parties that the <i>crème de la crème</i> of French society came to see and be seen. Guests included the main members of the royal family like the Queen Mother, <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Austria" title="Anne of Austria">Anne of Austria</a>; <a href="/wiki/Anne,_Duchess_of_Montpensier" class="mw-redirect" title="Anne, Duchess of Montpensier">Anne, Duchess of Montpensier</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Princes_of_Cond%C3%A9" title="Princes of Condé">Princes of Condé</a> and <a href="/wiki/Princes_of_Conti" title="Princes of Conti">of Conti</a>. Philippe's favourites were also frequent visitors. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plan_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_du_Palais-Royal_et_de_ses_environs_-_Orbay_1692_-_Gallica_(adjusted).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Plan_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_du_Palais-Royal_et_de_ses_environs_-_Orbay_1692_-_Gallica_%28adjusted%29.jpg/170px-Plan_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_du_Palais-Royal_et_de_ses_environs_-_Orbay_1692_-_Gallica_%28adjusted%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Plan_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_du_Palais-Royal_et_de_ses_environs_-_Orbay_1692_-_Gallica_%28adjusted%29.jpg/255px-Plan_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_du_Palais-Royal_et_de_ses_environs_-_Orbay_1692_-_Gallica_%28adjusted%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Plan_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_du_Palais-Royal_et_de_ses_environs_-_Orbay_1692_-_Gallica_%28adjusted%29.jpg/340px-Plan_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_du_Palais-Royal_et_de_ses_environs_-_Orbay_1692_-_Gallica_%28adjusted%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3904" data-file-height="6197" /></a><figcaption>General site plan (1692) by <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_d%27Orbay" title="François d'Orbay">François d'Orbay</a>, showing the gardens as redesigned by <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Le_N%C3%B4tre" title="André Le Nôtre">André Le Nôtre</a> around 1674</figcaption></figure> <p>After Henrietta Anne died in 1670 the Duke took a second wife, the <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Charlotte,_Princess_Palatine" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth Charlotte, Princess Palatine">Princess Palatine</a>, who preferred to live in the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Saint-Cloud" title="Château de Saint-Cloud">Château de Saint-Cloud</a>. Saint-Cloud thus became the main residence of her eldest son and the heir to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="House of Orléans">House of Orléans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippe II, Duke of Orléans">Philippe Charles d'Orléans</a> known as the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Chartres" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Chartres">Duke of Chartres</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palais_Brion_on_the_1739_Turgot_map_of_Paris_%E2%80%93_Rumsey_sheet_15.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Palais_Brion_on_the_1739_Turgot_map_of_Paris_%E2%80%93_Rumsey_sheet_15.jpg/180px-Palais_Brion_on_the_1739_Turgot_map_of_Paris_%E2%80%93_Rumsey_sheet_15.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Palais_Brion_on_the_1739_Turgot_map_of_Paris_%E2%80%93_Rumsey_sheet_15.jpg/270px-Palais_Brion_on_the_1739_Turgot_map_of_Paris_%E2%80%93_Rumsey_sheet_15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Palais_Brion_on_the_1739_Turgot_map_of_Paris_%E2%80%93_Rumsey_sheet_15.jpg/360px-Palais_Brion_on_the_1739_Turgot_map_of_Paris_%E2%80%93_Rumsey_sheet_15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2964" data-file-height="2888" /></a><figcaption>The Palais Brion on the 1739 <a href="/wiki/Turgot_map_of_Paris" title="Turgot map of Paris">Turgot map of Paris</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_Royale_de_Peinture_et_de_Sculpture" class="mw-redirect" title="Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture">Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture</a> occupied the Palais Brion from 1661 to 1691 and shared it with the <a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_Royale_d%27Architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Académie Royale d'Architecture">Académie Royale d'Architecture</a> from 1672.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The royal collection of antiquities was installed there under the care of the art critic and official court historian <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_F%C3%A9libien" title="André Félibien">André Félibien</a>, who was appointed in 1673. </p><p>About 1674 the Duke of Orléans had <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Le_N%C3%B4tre" title="André Le Nôtre">André Le Nôtre</a> redesign the gardens of the Palais-Royal.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the dismissal of <a href="/wiki/Madame_de_Montespan" title="Madame de Montespan">Madame de Montespan</a> and the arrival of her successor, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_d%27Aubign%C3%A9,_marquise_de_Maintenon" class="mw-redirect" title="Françoise d'Aubigné, marquise de Maintenon">Madame de Maintenon</a>, who forbade any lavish entertainment at <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Versailles</a>, the Palais-Royal was again a social highlight.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1692, on the occasion of the marriage of the duke of Chartres to <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Marie_de_Bourbon" title="Françoise Marie de Bourbon">Françoise Marie de Bourbon</a>, <i>Mademoiselle de Blois</i>, a legitimised daughter of Louis XIV and Madame de Montespan, the King deeded the Palais-Royal to his brother. The new couple did not occupy the northeast wing, where Anne of Austria had originally lived, but instead chose to reside in the Palais Brion. For the convenience of the bride, new apartments were built and furnished in the wing facing east on the <a href="/wiki/Rue_de_Richelieu" title="Rue de Richelieu">rue de Richelieu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was at this time that Philippe commissioned a Grande Galerie along the rue de Richelieu for his famous <a href="/wiki/Orleans_Collection" title="Orleans Collection">Orleans Collection</a> of paintings, which was easily accessible to the public. Designed by the architect <a href="/wiki/Jules_Hardouin-Mansart" title="Jules Hardouin-Mansart">Jules Hardouin-Mansart</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was constructed around 1698–1700 and painted with Virgilian subjects by <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Coypel" title="Antoine Coypel">Coypel</a>. The cost of this reconstruction totaled about 400,000 <a href="/wiki/Livre_tournois" title="Livre tournois"><i>livres</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hardouin-Mansart's assistant, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_d%27Orbay" title="François d'Orbay">François d'Orbay</a>, prepared a general site plan, showing the Palais-Royal before these alterations were made. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orléans"><span id="Philippe_II.2C_Duke_of_Orl.C3.A9ans"></span>Philippe II, Duke of Orléans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palais-Royal&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Philippe II, Duke of Orléans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When the Duke of Orléans died in 1701, his son became the head of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="House of Orléans">House of Orléans</a>. The new Duke and Duchess of Orléans took up residence at the Palais-Royal. Two of their daughters, <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Agla%C3%A9_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Charlotte Aglaé d'Orléans">Charlotte Aglaé d'Orléans</a>, later the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Modenese_consorts" title="List of Modenese consorts">Duchess of Modena</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Louise_Diane_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louise Diane d'Orléans">Louise Diane d'Orléans</a>, later the <a href="/wiki/Princess_of_Conti" title="Princess of Conti">Princess of Conti</a>, were born there. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:R%C3%A9gence_du_duc_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans,_Council_with_Cardinal_Fleury.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/R%C3%A9gence_du_duc_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_Council_with_Cardinal_Fleury.jpg/220px-R%C3%A9gence_du_duc_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_Council_with_Cardinal_Fleury.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/R%C3%A9gence_du_duc_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_Council_with_Cardinal_Fleury.jpg/330px-R%C3%A9gence_du_duc_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_Council_with_Cardinal_Fleury.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/R%C3%A9gence_du_duc_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_Council_with_Cardinal_Fleury.jpg/440px-R%C3%A9gence_du_duc_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_Council_with_Cardinal_Fleury.jpg 2x" data-file-width="758" data-file-height="552" /></a><figcaption>The duc d'Orléans' Council in 1716, with <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Fleury" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal Fleury">Cardinal Fleury</a> sitting at the Palais-Royal. <a href="/wiki/Gobelins_tapestry" class="mw-redirect" title="Gobelins tapestry">Gobelins tapestry</a> <a href="/wiki/Overdoor" title="Overdoor">overdoors</a> are woven with the Orléans arms.</figcaption></figure> <p>At the death of Louis XIV in 1715, his five-year-old great-grandson succeeded him. The Duke of Orléans became <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gence" title="Régence">Regent</a> for the young <a href="/wiki/Louis_XV" title="Louis XV">Louis XV</a>, setting up the country's government at the Palais-Royal, while the young king lived at the nearby <a href="/wiki/Tuileries_Palace" title="Tuileries Palace">Tuileries Palace</a>. The Palais-Royal housed the magnificent <a href="/wiki/Orleans_Collection" title="Orleans Collection">Orleans Collection</a> of some 500 paintings, which was arranged for public viewing until it was sold abroad in 1791. </p><p>He commissioned <a href="/wiki/Gilles-Marie_Oppenord" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilles-Marie Oppenord">Gilles-Marie Oppenord</a> to redesign the apartments of the Duchess on the ground floor in 1716 and to decorate the Grand Appartement of the Palais Brion in the light and lively <i>style Régence</i> that foreshadowed the <a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">Rococo</a>, as well as the Regent's more intimate <i>petits appartements</i>. Oppenord also made changes to the Grande Galerie of the Palais Brion and created a distinctive Salon d'Angle, which connected the Grand Appartement to the Grande Galerie along the rue de Richelieu (1719–20; visible on the 1739 <a href="/wiki/Turgot_map_of_Paris" title="Turgot map of Paris">Turgot map of Paris</a>). All of this work was lost, when the Palais Brion was demolished in 1784 for the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Salle_Richelieu" title="Salle Richelieu">Salle Richelieu</a>, now hosting the <a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A9die-Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Comédie-Française">Comédie-Française</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PalaisBrion_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PalaisBrion-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Louis_d'Orléans"><span id="Louis_d.27Orl.C3.A9ans"></span>Louis d'Orléans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palais-Royal&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Louis d'Orléans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palais-Royal_on_the_map_of_Turgot_1739_-_Kyoto_U.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Palais-Royal_on_the_map_of_Turgot_1739_-_Kyoto_U.jpg/220px-Palais-Royal_on_the_map_of_Turgot_1739_-_Kyoto_U.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Palais-Royal_on_the_map_of_Turgot_1739_-_Kyoto_U.jpg/330px-Palais-Royal_on_the_map_of_Turgot_1739_-_Kyoto_U.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Palais-Royal_on_the_map_of_Turgot_1739_-_Kyoto_U.jpg/440px-Palais-Royal_on_the_map_of_Turgot_1739_-_Kyoto_U.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1538" data-file-height="983" /></a><figcaption>Palais-Royal on the 1739 <a href="/wiki/Turgot_map_of_Paris" title="Turgot map of Paris">Turgot map of Paris</a> with the gardens as redesigned by <a href="/wiki/Claude_Desgots" title="Claude Desgots">Claude Desgots</a> in 1729. The palace itself fronts on its small square.</figcaption></figure> <p>After the Regency, the social life of the palace became much more subdued. Louis XV moved the court back to Versailles and Paris was again ignored. The same happened with the Palais-Royal. <a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_(1703%E2%80%931752)" title="Louis, Duke of Orléans (1703–1752)">Louis d'Orléans</a> succeeded his father as the new duke of Orléans in 1723. He and his son <a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louis Philippe I, Duke of Orléans">Louis Philippe</a> lived at the other family residence in Saint-Cloud, which had been empty since the death of the Princess Palatine in 1722. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Claude_Desgots" title="Claude Desgots">Claude Desgots</a> redesigned the gardens of the Palais-Royal in 1729.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Louis_Philippe_I">Louis Philippe I</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palais-Royal&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Louis Philippe I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1752 <a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louis Philippe I, Duke of Orléans">Louis Philippe I</a> succeeded his father as the duke of Orléans. The Palais-Royal was soon the scene of the notorious <a href="/wiki/Libertinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertinism">debaucheries</a> of <a href="/wiki/Louise_Henriette_de_Bourbon" title="Louise Henriette de Bourbon">Louise Henriette de Bourbon</a> who had married to Louis Philippe in 1743. New apartments (located in what is now the northern section of the Rue-de-Valois wing) were added for her in the early 1750s by the architect <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Contant_d%27Ivry" title="Pierre Contant d'Ivry">Pierre Contant d'Ivry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She died at the age of thirty-two in 1759. She was the mother of <a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans">Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans</a>, later known as <i>Philippe Égalité</i>. A few years after the death of Louise Henriette, her husband secretly married his mistress, the witty <a href="/wiki/Charlotte-Jeanne_B%C3%A9raud_de_la_Haye_de_Riou,_marquise_de_Montesson" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlotte-Jeanne Béraud de la Haye de Riou, marquise de Montesson">marquise de Montesson</a>, and the couple lived at the Château de Sainte-Assise where he died in 1785. Just before his death, he completed the sale of the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Saint-Cloud" title="Château de Saint-Cloud">Château de Saint-Cloud</a> to Queen <a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette" title="Marie Antoinette">Marie Antoinette</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Louis_Philippe_II">Louis Philippe II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palais-Royal&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Louis Philippe II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans">Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans</a> was born at Saint-Cloud and later moved to the Palais-Royal and lived there with his wife, the wealthy <a href="/wiki/Louise_Marie_Ad%C3%A9la%C3%AFde_de_Bourbon" class="mw-redirect" title="Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon">Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon</a> whom he had married in 1769. The duke controlled the Palais-Royal from 1780 onward. The couple's eldest son, <a href="/wiki/Louis-Philippe_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis-Philippe of France">Louis-Philippe III d'Orléans</a>, was born there in 1773. Louis Philippe II succeeded his father as the head of the House of Orléans in 1785. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Theatres_of_the_Palais-Royal">Theatres of the Palais-Royal</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palais-Royal&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Theatres of the Palais-Royal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palais-Royal_-_Plan_du_premier_%C3%A9tage_-_Architecture_fran%C3%A7oise_Tome3_Livre5_Ch9_Pl3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Palais-Royal_-_Plan_du_premier_%C3%A9tage_-_Architecture_fran%C3%A7oise_Tome3_Livre5_Ch9_Pl3.jpg/220px-Palais-Royal_-_Plan_du_premier_%C3%A9tage_-_Architecture_fran%C3%A7oise_Tome3_Livre5_Ch9_Pl3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Palais-Royal_-_Plan_du_premier_%C3%A9tage_-_Architecture_fran%C3%A7oise_Tome3_Livre5_Ch9_Pl3.jpg/330px-Palais-Royal_-_Plan_du_premier_%C3%A9tage_-_Architecture_fran%C3%A7oise_Tome3_Livre5_Ch9_Pl3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Palais-Royal_-_Plan_du_premier_%C3%A9tage_-_Architecture_fran%C3%A7oise_Tome3_Livre5_Ch9_Pl3.jpg/440px-Palais-Royal_-_Plan_du_premier_%C3%A9tage_-_Architecture_fran%C3%A7oise_Tome3_Livre5_Ch9_Pl3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="12316" data-file-height="7527" /></a><figcaption>Plan of the Palais-Royal with the <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_du_Palais-Royal_(rue_Saint-Honor%C3%A9)" title="Théâtre du Palais-Royal (rue Saint-Honoré)">theatre in the east wing</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jacques-Fran%C3%A7ois_Blondel" title="Jacques-François Blondel">Blondel</a>, <i>Architecture françoise</i>, 1754)</figcaption></figure> <p>The Palais-Royal had contained one of the most important public theatres in Paris, in the east wing on the <a href="/wiki/Rue_Saint-Honor%C3%A9" title="Rue Saint-Honoré">rue Saint-Honoré</a> (on a site just to the west of what is now the <a href="/wiki/Rue_de_Valois" title="Rue de Valois">rue de Valois</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was built from 1637 to 1641 to designs by Lemercier and was initially known as the <a href="/wiki/Great_Hall_of_the_Palais-Cardinal" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Hall of the Palais-Cardinal">Great Hall of the Palais-Cardinal</a>. This theatre was later used by the <a href="/wiki/Troupe_of_Moli%C3%A8re" class="mw-redirect" title="Troupe of Molière">troupe of Molière</a> beginning in 1660, by which time it had become known as the Théâtre du Palais-Royal. After <a href="/wiki/Moli%C3%A8re" title="Molière">Molière</a>'s death in 1673 the theatre was taken over by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully">Jean-Baptiste Lully</a>, who used it for his Académie Royale de Musique (the official name of the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Opera" title="Paris Opera">Paris Opera</a> at that time).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rez-de-chauss%C3%A9e_du_Palais-Royal_en_1780,_plan_reconstitu%C3%A9_par_Fontaine_1829_-_Espezel_1936_p121_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Rez-de-chauss%C3%A9e_du_Palais-Royal_en_1780%2C_plan_reconstitu%C3%A9_par_Fontaine_1829_-_Espezel_1936_p121_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Rez-de-chauss%C3%A9e_du_Palais-Royal_en_1780%2C_plan_reconstitu%C3%A9_par_Fontaine_1829_-_Espezel_1936_p121_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Rez-de-chauss%C3%A9e_du_Palais-Royal_en_1780%2C_plan_reconstitu%C3%A9_par_Fontaine_1829_-_Espezel_1936_p121_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Rez-de-chauss%C3%A9e_du_Palais-Royal_en_1780%2C_plan_reconstitu%C3%A9_par_Fontaine_1829_-_Espezel_1936_p121_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Rez-de-chauss%C3%A9e_du_Palais-Royal_en_1780%2C_plan_reconstitu%C3%A9_par_Fontaine_1829_-_Espezel_1936_p121_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Rez-de-chauss%C3%A9e_du_Palais-Royal_en_1780%2C_plan_reconstitu%C3%A9_par_Fontaine_1829_-_Espezel_1936_p121_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3495" data-file-height="2338" /></a><figcaption>1780 plan of the Palais-Royal with <a href="/wiki/Moreau%27s_opera_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Moreau's opera house">Moreau's opera house</a> (1770–1781)</figcaption></figure> <p>The Opera's theatre was destroyed by fire in 1763, but was rebuilt to the designs of architect <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Louis_Moreau_Desproux" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre-Louis Moreau Desproux">Pierre-Louis Moreau Desproux</a> on a site slightly further to the east (where the rue de Valois is located today) and reopened in 1770. This second theatre continued to be used by the Opera until 1781, when it was also destroyed by fire, but this time it was not rebuilt. Moreau Desproux also designed the adjacent surviving entrance façades of the Palais-Royal.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the request of Louis Philippe II two new theatres were constructed in the Palais-Royal complex shortly after the fire. Both of these new theatres were designed by <a href="/wiki/Victor_Louis" title="Victor Louis">Victor Louis</a>, the architect who also designed the shopping galleries facing the garden (see below). The first theatre, which opened on 23 October 1784, was a small puppet theatre in the northwest corner of the gardens at the intersection of the <a href="/wiki/Galerie_de_Montpensier" title="Galerie de Montpensier">Galerie de Montpensier</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galerie_de_Beaujolais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galerie de Beaujolais (page does not exist)">Galerie de Beaujolais</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially it was known as the Théâtre des Beaujolais, then as the Théâtre Montansier, after which Victor Louis enlarged it for the performance of plays and operas. Later, beginning with the political turmoil of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">Revolution</a>, this theatre was known by a variety of other names. It was converted to a café with shows in 1812, but reopened as a theatre in 1831, when it acquired the name <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_du_Palais-Royal" title="Théâtre du Palais-Royal">Théâtre du Palais-Royal</a>, by which it is still known today.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_Comedie-Francaise_exterior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Paris_Comedie-Francaise_exterior.jpg/220px-Paris_Comedie-Francaise_exterior.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Paris_Comedie-Francaise_exterior.jpg/330px-Paris_Comedie-Francaise_exterior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Paris_Comedie-Francaise_exterior.jpg/440px-Paris_Comedie-Francaise_exterior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4515" data-file-height="2985" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Salle_Richelieu" title="Salle Richelieu">Salle Richelieu</a>, designed and constructed 1786–1790 by <a href="/wiki/Victor_Louis" title="Victor Louis">Victor Louis</a>, became the theatre of the <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A9die-Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Comédie-Française">Comédie-Française</a></span> in 1799.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rez-de-chauss%C3%A9e_du_Palais-Royal_c1790,_plan_reconstitu%C3%A9_par_Fontaine_1829_-_Espezel_1936_p141.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Rez-de-chauss%C3%A9e_du_Palais-Royal_c1790%2C_plan_reconstitu%C3%A9_par_Fontaine_1829_-_Espezel_1936_p141.jpg/220px-Rez-de-chauss%C3%A9e_du_Palais-Royal_c1790%2C_plan_reconstitu%C3%A9_par_Fontaine_1829_-_Espezel_1936_p141.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Rez-de-chauss%C3%A9e_du_Palais-Royal_c1790%2C_plan_reconstitu%C3%A9_par_Fontaine_1829_-_Espezel_1936_p141.jpg/330px-Rez-de-chauss%C3%A9e_du_Palais-Royal_c1790%2C_plan_reconstitu%C3%A9_par_Fontaine_1829_-_Espezel_1936_p141.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Rez-de-chauss%C3%A9e_du_Palais-Royal_c1790%2C_plan_reconstitu%C3%A9_par_Fontaine_1829_-_Espezel_1936_p141.jpg/440px-Rez-de-chauss%C3%A9e_du_Palais-Royal_c1790%2C_plan_reconstitu%C3%A9_par_Fontaine_1829_-_Espezel_1936_p141.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2727" data-file-height="3668" /></a><figcaption>Palais-Royal (c. 1790) with Victor Louis' second theatre on the left and the rue de Valois replacing Moreau's opera on the right</figcaption></figure> <p>Louis Philippe II's <a href="/wiki/Salle_Richelieu" title="Salle Richelieu">second theatre</a> was larger and located near the southwest corner of the complex, on the <a href="/wiki/Rue_de_Richelieu" title="Rue de Richelieu">rue de Richelieu</a>. He originally intended it for the Opera, but that company refused to move into it. Instead he offered it to the <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Vari%C3%A9t%C3%A9s-Amusantes" title="Théâtre des Variétés-Amusantes">Théâtre des Variétés-Amusantes</a>, formerly on the <a href="/wiki/Boulevard_du_Temple" title="Boulevard du Temple">boulevard du Temple</a> but since 1 January 1785 playing in a temporary theatre in the gardens of the Palais-Royal. This company changed its name to Théâtre du Palais-Royal on 15 December 1789, and later moved into the new theatre upon its completion, where they opened on 15 May 1790. On 25 April 1791 the anti-royalist faction of the <a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A9die-Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Comédie-Française">Comédie-Française</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Joseph_Talma" title="François-Joseph Talma">Talma</a>, left that company's theatre on the left bank (at that time known as the Théâtre de la Nation, but today as the <a href="/wiki/Od%C3%A9on" class="mw-redirect" title="Odéon">Odéon</a>), and joined the company on the rue de Richelieu, which promptly changed its name to Théâtre Français de la rue de Richelieu. With the founding of the <a href="/wiki/First_French_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="First French Republic">French Republic</a> in September 1792 the theatre's name was changed again, to Théâtre de la République. In 1799 the players of the split company reunited at the Palais-Royal, and the theatre officially became the Comédie-Française, also commonly known as the Théâtre-Français, names which it retains to this day.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Shopping_arcades">Shopping arcades</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palais-Royal&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Shopping arcades"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jardin_du_Palais_Royal,_Galerie_de_Montpensier,_Paris,_18th_c..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Jardin_du_Palais_Royal%2C_Galerie_de_Montpensier%2C_Paris%2C_18th_c..jpg/220px-Jardin_du_Palais_Royal%2C_Galerie_de_Montpensier%2C_Paris%2C_18th_c..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Jardin_du_Palais_Royal%2C_Galerie_de_Montpensier%2C_Paris%2C_18th_c..jpg/330px-Jardin_du_Palais_Royal%2C_Galerie_de_Montpensier%2C_Paris%2C_18th_c..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Jardin_du_Palais_Royal%2C_Galerie_de_Montpensier%2C_Paris%2C_18th_c..jpg/440px-Jardin_du_Palais_Royal%2C_Galerie_de_Montpensier%2C_Paris%2C_18th_c..jpg 2x" data-file-width="691" data-file-height="498" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Galerie_de_Montpensier" title="Galerie de Montpensier">Galerie de Montpensier</a> in the 18th century</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gezicht_op_een_koninklijk_paleis_gezien_vanaf_de_tuin_Vue_perspective_du_palais_royal_du_cot%C3%A9_du_jardin_(titel_op_object),_RP-P-1925-1208.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Gezicht_op_een_koninklijk_paleis_gezien_vanaf_de_tuin_Vue_perspective_du_palais_royal_du_cot%C3%A9_du_jardin_%28titel_op_object%29%2C_RP-P-1925-1208.jpg/220px-Gezicht_op_een_koninklijk_paleis_gezien_vanaf_de_tuin_Vue_perspective_du_palais_royal_du_cot%C3%A9_du_jardin_%28titel_op_object%29%2C_RP-P-1925-1208.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Gezicht_op_een_koninklijk_paleis_gezien_vanaf_de_tuin_Vue_perspective_du_palais_royal_du_cot%C3%A9_du_jardin_%28titel_op_object%29%2C_RP-P-1925-1208.jpg/330px-Gezicht_op_een_koninklijk_paleis_gezien_vanaf_de_tuin_Vue_perspective_du_palais_royal_du_cot%C3%A9_du_jardin_%28titel_op_object%29%2C_RP-P-1925-1208.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Gezicht_op_een_koninklijk_paleis_gezien_vanaf_de_tuin_Vue_perspective_du_palais_royal_du_cot%C3%A9_du_jardin_%28titel_op_object%29%2C_RP-P-1925-1208.jpg/440px-Gezicht_op_een_koninklijk_paleis_gezien_vanaf_de_tuin_Vue_perspective_du_palais_royal_du_cot%C3%A9_du_jardin_%28titel_op_object%29%2C_RP-P-1925-1208.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7366" data-file-height="4850" /></a><figcaption>Perspective view of the royal palace from the garden side</figcaption></figure> <p>Louis Philippe II also had Victor Louis build six-story apartment buildings with ground-floor colonnades facing the three sides of the palace garden between 1781 and 1784. On the outside of these wings three new streets were constructed in front of the houses that had formerly overlooked the garden: the rue de Montpensier on the west, <a href="/wiki/Rue_de_Beaujolais" title="Rue de Beaujolais">rue de Beaujolais</a> to the north, and rue de Valois on the east.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He commercialised the new complex by letting out the area under the colonnades to retailers and service-providers and in 1784 the shopping and entertainment complex opened to the public. Over a decade or so, sections of the Palais were transformed into shopping arcades that became the centre of 18th-century Parisian economic and social life.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though the main part of the palace (<i><a href="/wiki/Corps_de_logis" title="Corps de logis">corps de logis</a></i>) remained the private Orléans seat, the arcades surrounding its public gardens had 145 boutiques, cafés, salons, hair salons, bookshops, museums, and countless refreshment kiosks. These retail outlets sold luxury goods such as fine jewelry, furs, paintings and furniture to the wealthy elite. Stores were fitted with long glass windows which allowed the emerging middle-classes to window shop and indulge in fantasies. Thus, the Palais-Royal became one of the first of the new style of shopping arcades and became a popular venue for the wealthy to congregate, socialise and enjoy their leisure time. The redesigned palace complex became one of the most important marketplaces in Paris. It was frequented by the aristocracy, the middle classes, and the lower orders. It had a reputation as being a site of sophisticated conversation (revolving around the salons, cafés, and bookshops), shameless debauchery (it was a favorite haunt of local prostitutes), as well as a hotbed of <a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Freemasonic activity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Designed to attract the genteel middle class, the Palais-Royal sold <a href="/wiki/Luxury_goods" title="Luxury goods">luxury goods</a> at relatively high prices. However, prices were never a deterrent, as these new arcades came to be the place to shop and to be seen. Arcades offered shoppers the promise of an enclosed space away from the chaos that characterised the noisy, dirty streets; a warm, dry space away from the elements; and a safe-haven where people could socialise and spend their leisure time. Promenading in the arcades became a popular eighteenth century pastime for the emerging middle classes.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the 1780s to 1837, the palace was once again the centre of Parisian political and social intrigue and the site of the most popular cafés. The historic restaurant "<a href="/wiki/Le_Grand_V%C3%A9four" title="Le Grand Véfour">Le Grand Véfour</a>", which opened in 1784, is still there. In 1786, a noon cannon was set up by a philosophical amateur, set on the <a href="/wiki/Paris_meridian" title="Paris meridian">Paris meridian</a>, in which the sun's noon rays, passing through a lens, lit the cannon's fuse. The noon cannon is still fired at the Palais-Royal, though most of the ladies for sale have disappeared, those who inspired the <a href="/wiki/Abb%C3%A9_Delille" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbé Delille">Abbé Delille</a>'s lines: </p> <blockquote><div class="poem"> <p>Dans ce jardin on ne rencontre<br /> Ni prés, ni bois, ni fruits, ni fleurs.<br /> Et si l'on y dérègle ses mœurs,<br /> Au moins on y règle sa montre.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div></blockquote> <p>("In this garden one encounters neither meadows, nor woods, nor fruits, nor flowers. And, if one upsets one's morality, at least one may reset one's watch.") </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 277.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 275.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Victor_Louis,_Design_for_the_Garden_Fa%C3%A7ade_of_the_Palais_Royal,_1781.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design of 1781 by Victor Louis for the garden façade"><img alt="Design of 1781 by Victor Louis for the garden façade" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Victor_Louis%2C_Design_for_the_Garden_Fa%C3%A7ade_of_the_Palais_Royal%2C_1781.jpg/413px-Victor_Louis%2C_Design_for_the_Garden_Fa%C3%A7ade_of_the_Palais_Royal%2C_1781.jpg" decoding="async" width="276" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Victor_Louis%2C_Design_for_the_Garden_Fa%C3%A7ade_of_the_Palais_Royal%2C_1781.jpg/619px-Victor_Louis%2C_Design_for_the_Garden_Fa%C3%A7ade_of_the_Palais_Royal%2C_1781.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Victor_Louis%2C_Design_for_the_Garden_Fa%C3%A7ade_of_the_Palais_Royal%2C_1781.jpg/825px-Victor_Louis%2C_Design_for_the_Garden_Fa%C3%A7ade_of_the_Palais_Royal%2C_1781.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3863" data-file-height="2809" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Design of 1781 by Victor Louis for the garden façade</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jardin_du_Palais-Royal,_18_July_2005_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The garden surrounded by the arcades in 2005"><img alt="The garden surrounded by the arcades in 2005" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Jardin_du_Palais-Royal%2C_18_July_2005_01.jpg/400px-Jardin_du_Palais-Royal%2C_18_July_2005_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Jardin_du_Palais-Royal%2C_18_July_2005_01.jpg/600px-Jardin_du_Palais-Royal%2C_18_July_2005_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Jardin_du_Palais-Royal%2C_18_July_2005_01.jpg/800px-Jardin_du_Palais-Royal%2C_18_July_2005_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The garden surrounded by the arcades in 2005</div> </li> </ul> <p><span class="anchor" id="Cirque_du_Palais-Royal"></span> The Cirque du Palais-Royal, constructed in the center of the garden, has been described as "a huge half-subterranean spectacle space of food, entertainments, boutiques, and gaming that ran the length of the park and was the talk of the capital."<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was destroyed by fire on 15 December 1798.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Souq" class="mw-redirect" title="Souq">souks</a> of Arabia, the Galerie de Bois, a series of wooden shops linking the ends of the Palais-Royal and enclosing the south end of the garden, was first opened in 1786.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For Parisians, who lived in the virtual absence of pavements, the streets were dangerous and dirty; the arcade was a welcome addition to the streetscape as it afforded a safe place where Parisians could window shop and socialise. Thus, the Palais-Royal began what architectural historian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertrand_Lemoine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bertrand Lemoine (page does not exist)">Bertrand Lemoine</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Lemoine" class="extiw" title="fr:Bertrand Lemoine">fr</a>]</span> describes as "l’Ère des passages couverts" (the Arcade Era), which transformed European shopping habits between 1786 and 1935.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 398.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 396.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palais_Royal_1788.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="View of the Palais-Royal garden looking north in 1788 with the Cirque du Palais-Royal in the center"><img alt="View of the Palais-Royal garden looking north in 1788 with the Cirque du Palais-Royal in the center" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Palais_Royal_1788.jpeg" decoding="async" width="397" height="240" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="431" data-file-height="261" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">View of the Palais-Royal garden looking north in 1788 with the Cirque du Palais-Royal in the center</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 171.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 169.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Le_Palais_Royal_et_ses_environs_1795.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Plan of the Palais-Royal in 1795"><img alt="Plan of the Palais-Royal in 1795" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Le_Palais_Royal_et_ses_environs_1795.jpg/254px-Le_Palais_Royal_et_ses_environs_1795.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Le_Palais_Royal_et_ses_environs_1795.jpg/381px-Le_Palais_Royal_et_ses_environs_1795.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Le_Palais_Royal_et_ses_environs_1795.jpg/508px-Le_Palais_Royal_et_ses_environs_1795.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1629" data-file-height="2308" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Plan of the Palais-Royal in 1795</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palais_de_l'Égalité_and_the_Revolution"><span id="Palais_de_l.27.C3.89galit.C3.A9_and_the_Revolution"></span>Palais de l'Égalité and the Revolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palais-Royal&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Palais de l'Égalité and the Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Galeries_de_bois_(ancien_camp_des_Tartares),_au_Palais-Royal,_1825.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Galeries_de_bois_%28ancien_camp_des_Tartares%29%2C_au_Palais-Royal%2C_1825.jpg/220px-Galeries_de_bois_%28ancien_camp_des_Tartares%29%2C_au_Palais-Royal%2C_1825.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Galeries_de_bois_%28ancien_camp_des_Tartares%29%2C_au_Palais-Royal%2C_1825.jpg/330px-Galeries_de_bois_%28ancien_camp_des_Tartares%29%2C_au_Palais-Royal%2C_1825.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Galeries_de_bois_%28ancien_camp_des_Tartares%29%2C_au_Palais-Royal%2C_1825.jpg/440px-Galeries_de_bois_%28ancien_camp_des_Tartares%29%2C_au_Palais-Royal%2C_1825.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5175" data-file-height="3058" /></a><figcaption>Galeries de bois at the Palais-Royal, by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodor_Josef_Hubert_Hoffbauer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodor Josef Hubert Hoffbauer (page does not exist)">Theodor Josef Hubert Hoffbauer</a>, lithograph, c. 1825</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palais-Royal1863.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Palais-Royal1863.jpg/220px-Palais-Royal1863.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Palais-Royal1863.jpg/330px-Palais-Royal1863.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Palais-Royal1863.jpg/440px-Palais-Royal1863.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1197" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Palais-Royal Gardens: Illustration from an 1863 guide to Paris. Modern planting maintains the lawn, fountains, and trees.</figcaption></figure> <p>During the revolutionary period, Philippe d'Orléans became known as Philippe Égalité and ruled at the Palais de l'Égalité, as it was known during the more radical phase of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">Revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Segard_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Segard-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had made himself popular in Paris when he opened the gardens of the palace to all Parisians. In one of the shops around the garden <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Corday" title="Charlotte Corday">Charlotte Corday</a> bought the knife she used to stab <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Marat" title="Jean-Paul Marat">Jean-Paul Marat</a>. Along the <i>galeries</i>, ladies of the night lingered, and smart gambling casinos were lodged in second-floor quarters. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Sade" title="Marquis de Sade">Marquis de Sade</a> referred to the grounds in front of the palace in his <i><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_in_the_Bedroom" title="Philosophy in the Bedroom">Philosophy in the Bedroom</a></i> (1795) as a place where progressive pamphlets were sold. </p><p>Upon the execution of the Duke, the palace's ownership lapsed to the state, whence it was called Palais du Tribunat.<sup id="cite_ref-Segard_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Segard-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A9die-Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Comédie-Française">Comédie-Française</a>, the state theatre company, was reorganised by <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> in the <i>décret de Moscou</i> on 15 October 1812, which contains 87 articles.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bourbon_restoration_to_Second_Empire">Bourbon restoration to Second Empire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palais-Royal&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bourbon restoration to Second Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vernet_-_31_juillet_1830_-_Louis-Philippe_quitte_le_Palais-Royal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Vernet_-_31_juillet_1830_-_Louis-Philippe_quitte_le_Palais-Royal.jpg/220px-Vernet_-_31_juillet_1830_-_Louis-Philippe_quitte_le_Palais-Royal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Vernet_-_31_juillet_1830_-_Louis-Philippe_quitte_le_Palais-Royal.jpg/330px-Vernet_-_31_juillet_1830_-_Louis-Philippe_quitte_le_Palais-Royal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Vernet_-_31_juillet_1830_-_Louis-Philippe_quitte_le_Palais-Royal.jpg/440px-Vernet_-_31_juillet_1830_-_Louis-Philippe_quitte_le_Palais-Royal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1396" data-file-height="1164" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I" title="Louis Philippe I">Duke of Orléans</a> leaving the Palais-Royal to go to the city hall, 31 July 1830, two days after the <a href="/wiki/July_Revolution" title="July Revolution">July Revolution</a></figcaption></figure> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Restoration of the Bourbons</a>, at the Palais-Royal the young <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Dumas" title="Alexandre Dumas">Alexandre Dumas</a> obtained employment in the office of the powerful <a href="/wiki/Louis-Philippe_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis-Philippe of France">Duke of Orléans</a>, who regained control of the palace during the Restoration. </p><p>The Duke had <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Fran%C3%A7ois-L%C3%A9onard_Fontaine" title="Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine">Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine</a> draw up plans to complete work left unfinished by the Duke's father. Fontaine's most significant work included the western wing of the Cour d'Honneur, the Aile Montpensier, and with <a href="/wiki/Charles_Percier" title="Charles Percier">Charles Percier</a>, what was probably the most famous of Paris's covered arcades, the Galerie d'Orléans, enclosing the Cour d'Honneur on its north side. Both were completed in 1830. The Galerie d'Orléans was demolished in the 1930s, but its flanking rows of columns still stand between the Cour d'Honneur and the Palais-Royal Garden.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/July_Revolution" title="July Revolution">July Revolution</a> of 1830 when the Duke of Orléans ascended the throne as Louis-Phillipe I, the palace remained the principal residence of the new monarch. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutions of 1848 in France">Revolution of 1848</a>, a Paris mob attacked and looted the royal residence Palais-Royal, particularly the art collection of King Louis-Philippe. During the <a href="/wiki/Second_French_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Second French Republic">Second French Republic</a>, the palace was briefly renamed the "Palais-National".<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">Second French Empire</a> of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a>, the Palais-Royal became home to the cadet branch of the Bonaparte family, represented by <a href="/wiki/Prince_Napol%C3%A9on-J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Bonaparte" title="Prince Napoléon-Jérôme Bonaparte">Prince Napoléon-Jérôme Bonaparte</a>, Napoleon III's cousin. A lavish dining room was constructed in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Empire_style" title="Second Empire style">Second Empire style</a>, and is now known as the Salle Napoleon of the Council of State.<sup id="cite_ref-Massounie_2006_p._30-31_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Massounie_2006_p._30-31-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the final days of <a href="/wiki/Paris_Commune" title="Paris Commune">Paris Commune</a>, on May 24, 1871, the palace, seen as a symbol of aristocracy, was set afire by the Communards, but suffered less damage than other government buildings. As a result, it became the temporary (and later permanent) home of several state institutions, including the <a href="/wiki/Conseil_d%27Etat_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conseil d'Etat (France)">Conseil d'Etat</a>, or State Council.<sup id="cite_ref-Massounie_2006_p._30-31_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Massounie_2006_p._30-31-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Palais-Royal_today">The Palais-Royal today</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palais-Royal&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: The Palais-Royal today"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palais-Royal_-_OSM_2021_01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Palais-Royal_-_OSM_2021_01.svg/600px-Palais-Royal_-_OSM_2021_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Palais-Royal_-_OSM_2021_01.svg/900px-Palais-Royal_-_OSM_2021_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Palais-Royal_-_OSM_2021_01.svg/1200px-Palais-Royal_-_OSM_2021_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1050" /></a><figcaption>Palais-Royal, Paris: 1. Ministère de la Culture - 2. Conseil constitutionnel - 3. Conseil d'État - 4. Comédie-Française - 5. Théâtre éphémère - 6. Colonnes de Buren - 7. Théâtre du Palais-Royal</figcaption></figure> <p>Today, the Palais-Royal is the home of the <a href="/wiki/Conseil_d%27%C3%89tat_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conseil d'État (France)">Conseil d'État</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Council_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional Council of France">Constitutional Council</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Culture_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Culture (France)">Ministry of Culture</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_façade"><span id="South_fa.C3.A7ade"></span>South façade</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palais-Royal&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: South façade"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 602px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 600px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris1ABanner1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The south front of the Palais-Royal, with the Conseil d'Etat (Council of State) in the center"><img alt="The south front of the Palais-Royal, with the Conseil d'Etat (Council of State) in the center" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Paris1ABanner1.jpg/900px-Paris1ABanner1.jpg" decoding="async" width="600" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Paris1ABanner1.jpg/1350px-Paris1ABanner1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Paris1ABanner1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1710" data-file-height="570" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The south front of the Palais-Royal, with the Conseil d'Etat (Council of State) in the center</div> </li> </ul> <p>The buildings of the Palais-Royal face south to the Place du Palais-Royal and the <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a> across the <a href="/wiki/Rue_de_Rivoli" title="Rue de Rivoli">Rue de Rivoli</a>. The central part of the palace is occupied by the Conseil-d'État, or State Council. It has three floors, and is topped by a low cupola and a rounded pediment filled with sculpture. Two arched passages under the central building lead to the Courtyard of Honor behind. In the east wing, to the right, are offices of the Ministry of Culture and Communication. The two wings of the building have triangular fronts filled with sculpture, inspired by classical architecture and typical of the <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_style" title="Louis XIV style">Louis XIV style</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palais_Royal_Paris_8.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sculpture of the Pediment of the Council of State"><img alt="Sculpture of the Pediment of the Council of State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Palais_Royal_Paris_8.jpg/450px-Palais_Royal_Paris_8.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Palais_Royal_Paris_8.jpg/675px-Palais_Royal_Paris_8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Palais_Royal_Paris_8.jpg/900px-Palais_Royal_Paris_8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sculpture of the Pediment of the Council of State</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 463.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 461.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pediment_COA_Palais-Royal_Pajou.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sculpture of the south front, by Augustin Pajou"><img alt="Sculpture of the south front, by Augustin Pajou" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Pediment_COA_Palais-Royal_Pajou.jpg/692px-Pediment_COA_Palais-Royal_Pajou.jpg" decoding="async" width="462" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Pediment_COA_Palais-Royal_Pajou.jpg/1037px-Pediment_COA_Palais-Royal_Pajou.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Pediment_COA_Palais-Royal_Pajou.jpg/1383px-Pediment_COA_Palais-Royal_Pajou.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3870" data-file-height="1680" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sculpture of the south front, by <a href="/wiki/Augustin_Pajou" title="Augustin Pajou">Augustin Pajou</a></div> </li> </ul> <p>On the west side of the Council building is <a href="/wiki/Place_Colette" title="Place Colette">Place Colette</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Salle_Richelieu" title="Salle Richelieu">Salle Richelieu</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A9die_Fran%C3%A7aise" class="mw-redirect" title="Comédie Française">Comédie Française</a>. Behind that are the offices of the Constitutional Council. On the left side of the Salle Richelieu is another small square, Place André Malraux.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Council_of_State">Council of State</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palais-Royal&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Council of State"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 154px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 152px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Napoleon_visiting_the_Tribunat_(Palais_Royal)_in_1807.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Napoleon on the Stairway of Honor (1807)"><img alt="Napoleon on the Stairway of Honor (1807)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Napoleon_visiting_the_Tribunat_%28Palais_Royal%29_in_1807.jpg/228px-Napoleon_visiting_the_Tribunat_%28Palais_Royal%29_in_1807.jpg" decoding="async" width="152" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Napoleon_visiting_the_Tribunat_%28Palais_Royal%29_in_1807.jpg/342px-Napoleon_visiting_the_Tribunat_%28Palais_Royal%29_in_1807.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Napoleon_visiting_the_Tribunat_%28Palais_Royal%29_in_1807.jpg 2x" data-file-width="435" data-file-height="573" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Napoleon on the Stairway of Honor (1807)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 146.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 144.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_-_Palais-Royal_-_Conseil_d%27Etat_-_Escalier_d%27honneur_-5.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Stairway of Honor of the Conseil d'Etat, with trompe l'oeil painting of an arch and statue on first floor"><img alt="Stairway of Honor of the Conseil d'Etat, with trompe l'oeil painting of an arch and statue on first floor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Paris_-_Palais-Royal_-_Conseil_d%27Etat_-_Escalier_d%27honneur_-5.JPG/217px-Paris_-_Palais-Royal_-_Conseil_d%27Etat_-_Escalier_d%27honneur_-5.JPG" decoding="async" width="145" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Paris_-_Palais-Royal_-_Conseil_d%27Etat_-_Escalier_d%27honneur_-5.JPG/325px-Paris_-_Palais-Royal_-_Conseil_d%27Etat_-_Escalier_d%27honneur_-5.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Paris_-_Palais-Royal_-_Conseil_d%27Etat_-_Escalier_d%27honneur_-5.JPG/434px-Paris_-_Palais-Royal_-_Conseil_d%27Etat_-_Escalier_d%27honneur_-5.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3212" data-file-height="4441" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stairway of Honor of the Conseil d'Etat, with trompe l'oeil painting of an arch and statue on first floor</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 282px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_-_Palais-Royal_-_Conseil_d%27Etat_-_Escalier_d%27honneur_-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dome over the Stairway of Honor with gilded bursting pomegranate emblems of Philippe d'Orléans"><img alt="Dome over the Stairway of Honor with gilded bursting pomegranate emblems of Philippe d'Orléans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Paris_-_Palais-Royal_-_Conseil_d%27Etat_-_Escalier_d%27honneur_-2.jpg/420px-Paris_-_Palais-Royal_-_Conseil_d%27Etat_-_Escalier_d%27honneur_-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Paris_-_Palais-Royal_-_Conseil_d%27Etat_-_Escalier_d%27honneur_-2.jpg/631px-Paris_-_Palais-Royal_-_Conseil_d%27Etat_-_Escalier_d%27honneur_-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Paris_-_Palais-Royal_-_Conseil_d%27Etat_-_Escalier_d%27honneur_-2.jpg/841px-Paris_-_Palais-Royal_-_Conseil_d%27Etat_-_Escalier_d%27honneur_-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4375" data-file-height="3123" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dome over the Stairway of Honor with gilded bursting <a href="/wiki/Pomegranate" title="Pomegranate">pomegranate</a> emblems of <a href="/wiki/Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippe I, Duke of Orléans">Philippe d'Orléans</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Conseil_d%27Etat_-_Salle_Napol%C3%A9on.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Salle Napoleon, decorated 1858-60 for Ministry of Colonies of Napoleon III"><img alt="Salle Napoleon, decorated 1858-60 for Ministry of Colonies of Napoleon III" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Conseil_d%27Etat_-_Salle_Napol%C3%A9on.JPG/450px-Conseil_d%27Etat_-_Salle_Napol%C3%A9on.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Conseil_d%27Etat_-_Salle_Napol%C3%A9on.JPG/675px-Conseil_d%27Etat_-_Salle_Napol%C3%A9on.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Conseil_d%27Etat_-_Salle_Napol%C3%A9on.JPG/900px-Conseil_d%27Etat_-_Salle_Napol%C3%A9on.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Salle Napoleon, decorated 1858-60 for Ministry of Colonies of Napoleon III</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Conseil_d%27Etat_-_salle_de_l%27assembl%C3%A9e_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="General Assembly Chamber of the Council of State"><img alt="General Assembly Chamber of the Council of State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Conseil_d%27Etat_-_salle_de_l%27assembl%C3%A9e_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_.jpg/450px-Conseil_d%27Etat_-_salle_de_l%27assembl%C3%A9e_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Conseil_d%27Etat_-_salle_de_l%27assembl%C3%A9e_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_.jpg/675px-Conseil_d%27Etat_-_salle_de_l%27assembl%C3%A9e_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Conseil_d%27Etat_-_salle_de_l%27assembl%C3%A9e_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_.jpg 2x" data-file-width="730" data-file-height="487" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">General Assembly Chamber of the Council of State</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Conseil_d%27Etat_-_Salle_d%27Assembl%C3%A9e_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Murals of the General Assembly Chamber, depicting France at work"><img alt="Murals of the General Assembly Chamber, depicting France at work" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Conseil_d%27Etat_-_Salle_d%27Assembl%C3%A9e_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_1.JPG/450px-Conseil_d%27Etat_-_Salle_d%27Assembl%C3%A9e_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Conseil_d%27Etat_-_Salle_d%27Assembl%C3%A9e_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_1.JPG/675px-Conseil_d%27Etat_-_Salle_d%27Assembl%C3%A9e_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Conseil_d%27Etat_-_Salle_d%27Assembl%C3%A9e_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_1.JPG/900px-Conseil_d%27Etat_-_Salle_d%27Assembl%C3%A9e_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Murals of the General Assembly Chamber, depicting France at work</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Salle_du_tribunal_des_conflits_du_Conseil_d%27%C3%89tat.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tribunal of Conflicts of the Council of State"><img alt="Tribunal of Conflicts of the Council of State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Salle_du_tribunal_des_conflits_du_Conseil_d%27%C3%89tat.jpg/400px-Salle_du_tribunal_des_conflits_du_Conseil_d%27%C3%89tat.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Salle_du_tribunal_des_conflits_du_Conseil_d%27%C3%89tat.jpg/600px-Salle_du_tribunal_des_conflits_du_Conseil_d%27%C3%89tat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Salle_du_tribunal_des_conflits_du_Conseil_d%27%C3%89tat.jpg/800px-Salle_du_tribunal_des_conflits_du_Conseil_d%27%C3%89tat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tribunal of Conflicts of the Council of State</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Conseil_d%27Etat_-_salle_du_Tribunal_des_Conflits_-_plafond_en_trompe_l%27oeil_par_Dieterle.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Trompe l'oeil ceiling of the Tribunal of Conflicts"><img alt="Trompe l'oeil ceiling of the Tribunal of Conflicts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Conseil_d%27Etat_-_salle_du_Tribunal_des_Conflits_-_plafond_en_trompe_l%27oeil_par_Dieterle.JPG/200px-Conseil_d%27Etat_-_salle_du_Tribunal_des_Conflits_-_plafond_en_trompe_l%27oeil_par_Dieterle.JPG" decoding="async" width="134" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Conseil_d%27Etat_-_salle_du_Tribunal_des_Conflits_-_plafond_en_trompe_l%27oeil_par_Dieterle.JPG/300px-Conseil_d%27Etat_-_salle_du_Tribunal_des_Conflits_-_plafond_en_trompe_l%27oeil_par_Dieterle.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Conseil_d%27Etat_-_salle_du_Tribunal_des_Conflits_-_plafond_en_trompe_l%27oeil_par_Dieterle.JPG/400px-Conseil_d%27Etat_-_salle_du_Tribunal_des_Conflits_-_plafond_en_trompe_l%27oeil_par_Dieterle.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="4752" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Trompe l'oeil ceiling of the Tribunal of Conflicts</div> </li> </ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Conseil_d%27%C3%89tat_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conseil d'État (France)">Council of State</a>, created by Napoleon in 1799, inherited many of the functions of the earlier <a href="/wiki/Conseil_du_Roi" title="Conseil du Roi">Royal Council</a>, acting both as a consultant to the government and a kind of Supreme Court. It was installed in the Palais-Royal in 1875.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Conseil has its own courtyard, facing out onto the Place du Palais-Royal and the Rue de Rivoli. Inside is the grand horseshoe stairway of honor, which curves upward along the walls to the landing on the first floor. It is decorated with theatrical effects, including ionic columns, and blind arches giving the illusion of bays. A trompe-l'oeil painting in an archway appears to give a view of a classical statue, above which <a href="/wiki/Putti" class="mw-redirect" title="Putti">putti</a> hold wreathes around a bust of <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Richelieu" title="Cardinal Richelieu">Cardinal Richelieu</a>. The stairway was made by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Contant_d%27Ivry" title="Pierre Contant d'Ivry">Pierre Contant d'Ivry</a> in 1765.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most lavish room of the Council is the Hall of the Tribunal of Conflicts, a kind of courtroom installed in the former dining room of Duchess of Orleans, built by the architect <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Contant_d%27Ivry" title="Pierre Contant d'Ivry">Pierre Contant d'Ivry</a> in 1753.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It still preserves much of its original decoration, with pilasters and columns, and decorative medallions of <a href="/wiki/Putti" class="mw-redirect" title="Putti">putti</a> representing the four seasons and the four elements. The ceiling has a trompe l'oeil painting from 1852 depicting a balustrade and a view of the sky.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The General Assembly chamber was first a chapel, then, under Price Napoleon, a gallery of paintings. It has been changed more than any of the other rooms in the Council. At one end is a long table, with a seat in the center for the Vice President of the Assembly, who chairs the meetings, and the six presidents of the sections of Council. The decoration of the room is particularly rich and varied, with medallions and cameos and allegorical paintings illustrating the various codes of law and the administrative departments. Below these are four more recent large murals, installed between 1916 and 1926, on the theme of France at Work. They depict agriculture (workers in the fields), commerce (the Port of Marseilles), urban labor (Paris workers maintaining the <a href="/wiki/Place_de_la_Concorde" title="Place de la Concorde">Place de la Concorde</a>), and intellectual labor.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ministry_of_Culture">Ministry of Culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palais-Royal&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Ministry of Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Minist%C3%A8re_de_la_culture_-_Paris_(50637331357).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wing occupied by the Ministry of Culture"><img alt="Wing occupied by the Ministry of Culture" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Minist%C3%A8re_de_la_culture_-_Paris_%2850637331357%29.jpg/400px-Minist%C3%A8re_de_la_culture_-_Paris_%2850637331357%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Minist%C3%A8re_de_la_culture_-_Paris_%2850637331357%29.jpg/600px-Minist%C3%A8re_de_la_culture_-_Paris_%2850637331357%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Minist%C3%A8re_de_la_culture_-_Paris_%2850637331357%29.jpg/800px-Minist%C3%A8re_de_la_culture_-_Paris_%2850637331357%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wing occupied by the Ministry of Culture</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Minist%C3%A8re_de_la_culture_-_Palais_Royal_-_Salon_J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Salon Jerome of the Ministry of Culture. named after Napoleon's brother"><img alt="Salon Jerome of the Ministry of Culture. named after Napoleon's brother" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Minist%C3%A8re_de_la_culture_-_Palais_Royal_-_Salon_J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me.JPG/450px-Minist%C3%A8re_de_la_culture_-_Palais_Royal_-_Salon_J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Minist%C3%A8re_de_la_culture_-_Palais_Royal_-_Salon_J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me.JPG/675px-Minist%C3%A8re_de_la_culture_-_Palais_Royal_-_Salon_J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Minist%C3%A8re_de_la_culture_-_Palais_Royal_-_Salon_J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me.JPG/900px-Minist%C3%A8re_de_la_culture_-_Palais_Royal_-_Salon_J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Salon Jerome of the Ministry of Culture. named after Napoleon's brother</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bureau_de_Fleur_Pellerin_au_minist%C3%A8re_de_la_Culture.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Office of the Minister of Culture"><img alt="Office of the Minister of Culture" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Bureau_de_Fleur_Pellerin_au_minist%C3%A8re_de_la_Culture.jpg/225px-Bureau_de_Fleur_Pellerin_au_minist%C3%A8re_de_la_Culture.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Bureau_de_Fleur_Pellerin_au_minist%C3%A8re_de_la_Culture.jpg/337px-Bureau_de_Fleur_Pellerin_au_minist%C3%A8re_de_la_Culture.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Bureau_de_Fleur_Pellerin_au_minist%C3%A8re_de_la_Culture.jpg/450px-Bureau_de_Fleur_Pellerin_au_minist%C3%A8re_de_la_Culture.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Office of the Minister of Culture</div> </li> </ul> <p>The office of the French Minister of Culture is located in the Palais-Royal, in an apartment originally built for the Duke and Duchess of Orleans in 1820, and later occupied by <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Bonaparte" title="Jérôme Bonaparte">Jérôme Bonaparte</a> in the 1850s. The gilded and highly decorated salon of Jérôme, the younger brother of Napoleon, features sculpture, torchieres and other decoration originally in the throne room of the <a href="/wiki/Tuileries_Palace" title="Tuileries Palace">Tuileries Palace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Constitutional_Council">Constitutional Council</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palais-Royal&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Constitutional Council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Conseil_Constitutionnel_-_Escalier_d%27honneur.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stairway to the Constitutional Council"><img alt="Stairway to the Constitutional Council" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Conseil_Constitutionnel_-_Escalier_d%27honneur.jpg/200px-Conseil_Constitutionnel_-_Escalier_d%27honneur.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Conseil_Constitutionnel_-_Escalier_d%27honneur.jpg/300px-Conseil_Constitutionnel_-_Escalier_d%27honneur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Conseil_Constitutionnel_-_Escalier_d%27honneur.jpg/400px-Conseil_Constitutionnel_-_Escalier_d%27honneur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4016" data-file-height="6016" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stairway to the Constitutional Council</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Conseil_Constitutionnel_-_Bureau_du_Pr%C3%A9sident.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Office of the President of the Constitutional Council"><img alt="Office of the President of the Constitutional Council" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Conseil_Constitutionnel_-_Bureau_du_Pr%C3%A9sident.JPG/450px-Conseil_Constitutionnel_-_Bureau_du_Pr%C3%A9sident.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Conseil_Constitutionnel_-_Bureau_du_Pr%C3%A9sident.JPG/675px-Conseil_Constitutionnel_-_Bureau_du_Pr%C3%A9sident.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Conseil_Constitutionnel_-_Bureau_du_Pr%C3%A9sident.JPG/900px-Conseil_Constitutionnel_-_Bureau_du_Pr%C3%A9sident.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Office of the President of the Constitutional Council</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Conseil_constitutionnel_fr_sallereunion.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Meeting room of the Constitutional Council"><img alt="Meeting room of the Constitutional Council" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Conseil_constitutionnel_fr_sallereunion.jpg/400px-Conseil_constitutionnel_fr_sallereunion.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Conseil_constitutionnel_fr_sallereunion.jpg/600px-Conseil_constitutionnel_fr_sallereunion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Conseil_constitutionnel_fr_sallereunion.jpg/800px-Conseil_constitutionnel_fr_sallereunion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Meeting room of the Constitutional Council</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Conseil_Constitutionnel_-_Petit_salon.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Petit Salon of the Constitutional Council"><img alt="Petit Salon of the Constitutional Council" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Conseil_Constitutionnel_-_Petit_salon.JPG/450px-Conseil_Constitutionnel_-_Petit_salon.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Conseil_Constitutionnel_-_Petit_salon.JPG/675px-Conseil_Constitutionnel_-_Petit_salon.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Conseil_Constitutionnel_-_Petit_salon.JPG/900px-Conseil_Constitutionnel_-_Petit_salon.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Petit Salon of the Constitutional Council</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oratoire_du_conseil_constitutionnel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Oratory, created by Princess Marie Clothilde"><img alt="The Oratory, created by Princess Marie Clothilde" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Oratoire_du_conseil_constitutionnel.jpg/225px-Oratoire_du_conseil_constitutionnel.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Oratoire_du_conseil_constitutionnel.jpg/337px-Oratoire_du_conseil_constitutionnel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Oratoire_du_conseil_constitutionnel.jpg/450px-Oratoire_du_conseil_constitutionnel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Oratory, created by Princess Marie Clothilde</div> </li> </ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Council_(France)" title="Constitutional Council (France)">Constitutional Council</a> occupies an apartment of the palace that was originally built between 1829 and 1831 for the <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Philippe,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans">Duke of Chartres</a>, the eldest son of King Louis-Philippe, though he chose to live instead in the Tuileries Palace. After 1859 it was the home of <a href="/wiki/Prince_Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Napoléon Bonaparte">Prince Napoléon Bonaparte</a> the second son of Jérôme Bonaparte, youngest brother of Napoleon I, and his wife, <a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Clotilde_of_Savoy" title="Princess Maria Clotilde of Savoy">Princess Maria Clotilde of Savoy</a>. The decor made by Fontaine comes from that period.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The grand stairway has two flights of stairs, each with a landing, while the first floor is surrounded by Ionic columns and topped with caisson vaults. Light comes from skylights in the vaults, reflected by rows of mirrors. A marble bust representing Rome, which originally was in the collection of Cardinal Richelieu, decorates the stairway landing. A modern addition is the chandelier made by <a href="/wiki/Claude_Lalanne" class="mw-redirect" title="Claude Lalanne">Claude Lalanne</a> and installed in 1999. The meeting room of the council, the dining room of Prince Napoleon and Marie Clotilde, was made after 1860 by the state architect Pierre Prosper Chabrol with murals in the style of ancient <a href="/wiki/Pompei" title="Pompei">Pompei</a>. One unusual feature of the apartment is the small, windowless oratory, a small place for prayer, with a statue of the Virgin, and walls covered with red and gold fabric, made for Marie Clotilde next to the bedroom. It was restored to its original appearance in 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Courtyard_of_Honor">Courtyard of Honor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palais-Royal&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Courtyard of Honor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 354.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 352.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palais_Royal.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Courtyard of Honor, with installation of columns by Daniel Buren"><img alt="Courtyard of Honor, with installation of columns by Daniel Buren" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Palais_Royal.jpeg/529px-Palais_Royal.jpeg" decoding="async" width="353" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Palais_Royal.jpeg/793px-Palais_Royal.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Palais_Royal.jpeg/1057px-Palais_Royal.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2086" data-file-height="1184" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Courtyard of Honor, with installation of columns by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Buren" title="Daniel Buren">Daniel Buren</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arago_medallion_Paris.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Homage to Arago plaque, making the Paris meridian"><img alt="Homage to Arago plaque, making the Paris meridian" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Arago_medallion_Paris.jpg/400px-Arago_medallion_Paris.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Arago_medallion_Paris.jpg/600px-Arago_medallion_Paris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Arago_medallion_Paris.jpg/800px-Arago_medallion_Paris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Homage to Arago plaque, making the Paris meridian</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 331.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 329.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_Palais_Royal_Cours_Montpensier_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Courtyard of Honor, with the spheres of the Palais-Royal fountain visible."><img alt="Courtyard of Honor, with the spheres of the Palais-Royal fountain visible." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Paris_Palais_Royal_Cours_Montpensier_3.jpg/494px-Paris_Palais_Royal_Cours_Montpensier_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Paris_Palais_Royal_Cours_Montpensier_3.jpg/740px-Paris_Palais_Royal_Cours_Montpensier_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Paris_Palais_Royal_Cours_Montpensier_3.jpg/987px-Paris_Palais_Royal_Cours_Montpensier_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4051" data-file-height="2464" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Courtyard of Honor, with the spheres of the Palais-Royal fountain visible.</div> </li> </ul> <p>Behind the Council of State, and separated from the gardens by two rows of columns, which once were part of the Gallery of Orleans, is another courtyard, the Courtyard of Honor, which was created in the 18th century on a foundation made by <a href="/wiki/Victor_Louis" title="Victor Louis">Victor Louis</a>. Three arcades in the center of the Council building mark the passageway to the front side of the building. The façade facing the courtyard has pairs of Ionic columns topped by a balustrade, decorated with four classical statues, each three meters high, representing Mars, Apollo, and allegorical figures of Prudence and Liberality by the sculptor <a href="/wiki/Augustin_Pajou" title="Augustin Pajou">Augustin Pajou</a>, which had been featured at the <a href="/wiki/Salon_(Paris)" title="Salon (Paris)">Paris Salon</a> of 1769. On the other side of the balustrade are later statues of Commerce and Navigation and figures of Science, Agriculture, by <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Gerard" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoine Gerard">Antoine Gerard</a>, made in about 1830.<sup id="cite_ref-Massounie_2006_p.50-51_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Massounie_2006_p.50-51-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1985-86 the Ministry of Culture sponsored two sculptural works in the courtyard; the first, called "Photo-Souvenir - Les Deux Plateaux", by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Buren" title="Daniel Buren">Daniel Buren</a>, consists of short columns of various sizes arranged across the courtyard. The idea is to create two virtual platforms, without floors; the columns vary in height because of differences in height of the illusionary platforms; some of the column rows are purely horizontal, aligned to the height of the column bases of the gallery of Orleans, while the smaller columns all rise to the elevation of a lower non-existent platform; their variation in height is caused by the difference of elevation in parts of the courtyard. Each column has vertical bands of black and white.<sup id="cite_ref-Massounie_2006_p.50-51_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Massounie_2006_p.50-51-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second work is composed of two fountains by sculptor <a href="/wiki/Pol_Bury" title="Pol Bury">Pol Bury</a>, located within the roofless Gallery of Orleans, which separates the courtyard from the gardens. It consists of two square basins each containing seventeen polished metal spheres of different sizes, with water flowing around them. The polished spheres reflect the architecture of the arcades around them. </p><p>A third work, commissioned in 1994 is by the Dutch artist <a href="/wiki/Jan_Dibbets" title="Jan Dibbets">Jan Dibbets</a>, passes through the courtyard of the Palais-Royal. It is called "Homage to Arago", and is a tribute to the French mathematician <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Arago" title="François Arago">François Arago</a>, who first conceived the <a href="/wiki/Paris_meridian" title="Paris meridian">Paris meridian</a>, the north–south line passing through the center of Paris which marked the prime meridian (rather than <a href="/wiki/Prime_meridian_(Greenwich)" title="Prime meridian (Greenwich)">Greenwich</a>) on French maps. The work consists of one hundred thirty-five brass small brass plaques with the name "Arago" fixed on the pavement on a line which passes through the Palais-Royal, and extends on the same axis to the north and south across Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gardens">Gardens</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palais-Royal&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Gardens"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Petit_canon_Palais_Royal.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The noon cannon in the bowling green, triggered by the noontime sun"><img alt="The noon cannon in the bowling green, triggered by the noontime sun" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Petit_canon_Palais_Royal.jpg/225px-Petit_canon_Palais_Royal.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Petit_canon_Palais_Royal.jpg/337px-Petit_canon_Palais_Royal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Petit_canon_Palais_Royal.jpg/450px-Petit_canon_Palais_Royal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The noon cannon in the bowling green, triggered by the noontime sun</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jardin_du_Palais-Royal_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fountain in the gardens"><img alt="Fountain in the gardens" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Jardin_du_Palais-Royal_02.jpg/225px-Jardin_du_Palais-Royal_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Jardin_du_Palais-Royal_02.jpg/337px-Jardin_du_Palais-Royal_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Jardin_du_Palais-Royal_02.jpg/450px-Jardin_du_Palais-Royal_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2489" data-file-height="3318" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fountain in the gardens</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul_Lemoyne,_Le_P%C3%A2tre_et_la_ch%C3%AAvre._1830._Marbre._Paris,_jardin_du_Palais-Royal._Photo,_Jamie_Mulherron.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Paul Lemoyne, The Shepherd and the Goat (1830), marble"><img alt="Paul Lemoyne, The Shepherd and the Goat (1830), marble" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Paul_Lemoyne%2C_Le_P%C3%A2tre_et_la_ch%C3%AAvre._1830._Marbre._Paris%2C_jardin_du_Palais-Royal._Photo%2C_Jamie_Mulherron.jpg/200px-Paul_Lemoyne%2C_Le_P%C3%A2tre_et_la_ch%C3%AAvre._1830._Marbre._Paris%2C_jardin_du_Palais-Royal._Photo%2C_Jamie_Mulherron.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Paul_Lemoyne%2C_Le_P%C3%A2tre_et_la_ch%C3%AAvre._1830._Marbre._Paris%2C_jardin_du_Palais-Royal._Photo%2C_Jamie_Mulherron.jpg/300px-Paul_Lemoyne%2C_Le_P%C3%A2tre_et_la_ch%C3%AAvre._1830._Marbre._Paris%2C_jardin_du_Palais-Royal._Photo%2C_Jamie_Mulherron.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Paul_Lemoyne%2C_Le_P%C3%A2tre_et_la_ch%C3%AAvre._1830._Marbre._Paris%2C_jardin_du_Palais-Royal._Photo%2C_Jamie_Mulherron.jpg/400px-Paul_Lemoyne%2C_Le_P%C3%A2tre_et_la_ch%C3%AAvre._1830._Marbre._Paris%2C_jardin_du_Palais-Royal._Photo%2C_Jamie_Mulherron.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="6000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Paul Lemoyne, <i>The Shepherd and the Goat</i> (1830), marble</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Park_in_Paris_(15051114540).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gardens of the Palais-Royal"><img alt="Gardens of the Palais-Royal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Park_in_Paris_%2815051114540%29.jpg/400px-Park_in_Paris_%2815051114540%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Park_in_Paris_%2815051114540%29.jpg/599px-Park_in_Paris_%2815051114540%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Park_in_Paris_%2815051114540%29.jpg/799px-Park_in_Paris_%2815051114540%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="3448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gardens of the Palais-Royal</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:All%C3%A9e_Colette_-_Paris_I_(FR75)_-_2021-06-14_-_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Alley of Colette"><img alt="The Alley of Colette" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/All%C3%A9e_Colette_-_Paris_I_%28FR75%29_-_2021-06-14_-_2.jpg/400px-All%C3%A9e_Colette_-_Paris_I_%28FR75%29_-_2021-06-14_-_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/All%C3%A9e_Colette_-_Paris_I_%28FR75%29_-_2021-06-14_-_2.jpg/600px-All%C3%A9e_Colette_-_Paris_I_%28FR75%29_-_2021-06-14_-_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/All%C3%A9e_Colette_-_Paris_I_%28FR75%29_-_2021-06-14_-_2.jpg/800px-All%C3%A9e_Colette_-_Paris_I_%28FR75%29_-_2021-06-14_-_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Alley of Colette</div> </li> </ul> <p>The first garden of the Palais was planted by Cardinal Richelieu in 1629, where the Court of Honor is today. In 1633, Richelieu obtained authorisation to extend the garden northeast into the land occupied by the obsolete medieval city walls of Paris. He also received permission to sell forty-five building sites around the garden. The new garden site was 170 meters by 400 meters, making it the third largest garden in Paris, after the <a href="/wiki/Tuileries_Garden" title="Tuileries Garden">Tuileries Garden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourg Garden">Luxembourg Garden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new garden featured long alleys shaded by trees, elaborate parterres and flower beds, a fountain in the centre, and a circular water basin at the north end. The master hydraulics engineer Jean-Baptiste Le Tellier designed the fountain, which, like the <a href="/wiki/Louvre_Palace" title="Louvre Palace">Louvre Palace</a>, took its water from the La Samaritaine pump on the <a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Seine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Massounie_2006_pp._78-84_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Massounie_2006_pp._78-84-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The garden was redesigned several times, notably in 1674 by <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Le_N%C3%B4tre" title="André Le Nôtre">André Le Nôtre</a>, and his nephew <a href="/wiki/Claude_Desgots" title="Claude Desgots">Claude Desgots</a> in 1730. In 1817, under <a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Charles X of France</a>, the main water basin was enlarged to twenty-five meters in diameter, and the longitudinal <a href="/wiki/Parterre" title="Parterre">parterres</a> were remade in 1824. In 1992 the landscape gardener Mark Rudkin created new lawns and flower beds, termed "Salons of greenery", with seasonal flowers enclosed by grills covered with climbing plants. The garden was classified as a French historical monument in 1920, followed by the rest of the Palais-Royal in 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A small cannon was installed in the middle of the bowling green at the north end of the garden in 1786. It fired a shot each day at noon, regulated by an ingenious mechanism that used a magnifying lens pointed at the sun's noontime position to light the match which fired the gunpowder. Between 1891 and 1911, the official noontime in France was defined by the cannon shot. It was stolen in 1998, but recovered and returned to its place in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-Massounie_2006_pp._78-84_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Massounie_2006_pp._78-84-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The two major alleys of the gardens are named for two of the famous 20th-century residents of the neighbouring buildings, the writers <a href="/wiki/Colette" title="Colette">Colette</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean_Cocteau" title="Jean Cocteau">Jean Cocteau</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Town_houses">Town houses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palais-Royal&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Town houses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 339.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 337.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jardin_du_Palais-Royal,_30_August_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Unified façade of town houses overlooking garden"><img alt="Unified façade of town houses overlooking garden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Jardin_du_Palais-Royal%2C_30_August_2013.jpg/506px-Jardin_du_Palais-Royal%2C_30_August_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="338" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Jardin_du_Palais-Royal%2C_30_August_2013.jpg/758px-Jardin_du_Palais-Royal%2C_30_August_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Jardin_du_Palais-Royal%2C_30_August_2013.jpg/1011px-Jardin_du_Palais-Royal%2C_30_August_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1216" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Unified façade of town houses overlooking garden</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 150.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 148.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P1100908_Paris_Ier_rue_de_Beaujolais_n%C2%B09_rwk.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Colette's town house entrance at 9 rue de Beaujolais"><img alt="Colette's town house entrance at 9 rue de Beaujolais" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/P1100908_Paris_Ier_rue_de_Beaujolais_n%C2%B09_rwk.JPG/223px-P1100908_Paris_Ier_rue_de_Beaujolais_n%C2%B09_rwk.JPG" decoding="async" width="149" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/P1100908_Paris_Ier_rue_de_Beaujolais_n%C2%B09_rwk.JPG/335px-P1100908_Paris_Ier_rue_de_Beaujolais_n%C2%B09_rwk.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/P1100908_Paris_Ier_rue_de_Beaujolais_n%C2%B09_rwk.JPG/447px-P1100908_Paris_Ier_rue_de_Beaujolais_n%C2%B09_rwk.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1490" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Colette's town house entrance at 9 rue de Beaujolais</div> </li> </ul> <p>Near the end of the 18th century the architect <a href="/wiki/Victor_Louis" title="Victor Louis">Victor Louis</a> designed rows of town houses on three sides of the garden, which extend 275 meters on the east and west and about one hundred meters on the north. Each has a gallery and boutiques on the ground floor, topped by an entresol, then residential floors. The entrances are on the streets outside the palace. Louis artfully merged the façades of the houses facing the garden together, giving each wing the appearance of a single long building. The unified sculptural decoration of the façades features classical pilasters, balustrades and bas-relief sculpture.<sup id="cite_ref-Massounie_2006_pp._88-89_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Massounie_2006_pp._88-89-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At first the town houses were rented, but between 1787 and 1790, as the Revolution began, their owner, the Duke of Chartres, sold sixty-seven houses. <a href="/wiki/Colette" title="Colette">Colette</a> occupied the entresol of the house at number 9 rue de Beaujolais in 1927, then moved to the first floor from 1938 until 1954. Her friend, the film-maker and writer <a href="/wiki/Jean_Cocteau" title="Jean Cocteau">Jean Cocteau</a> lived on the other side, at 36 rue de Montpensier. They regularly had breakfast together at the <a href="/wiki/Le_Grand_Vefour" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Grand Vefour">Le Grand Vefour</a> restaurant in the arcades. The two alleys in the garden are now named after them.<sup id="cite_ref-Massounie_2006_pp._88-89_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Massounie_2006_pp._88-89-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Galleries">Galleries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palais-Royal&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Galleries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 156px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 154px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Galerie_de_Montpensier_April_6,_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Galerie of Montpensier today"><img alt="Galerie of Montpensier today" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Galerie_de_Montpensier_April_6%2C_2012.jpg/231px-Galerie_de_Montpensier_April_6%2C_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="154" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Galerie_de_Montpensier_April_6%2C_2012.jpg/346px-Galerie_de_Montpensier_April_6%2C_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Galerie_de_Montpensier_April_6%2C_2012.jpg/462px-Galerie_de_Montpensier_April_6%2C_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1970" data-file-height="2560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Galerie of Montpensier today</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Galerie_Cour_Honneur_-_Paris_I_(FR75)_-_2021-06-14_-_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gallery of the Court of Honor, formerly part of Gallery d'Orleans"><img alt="Gallery of the Court of Honor, formerly part of Gallery d'Orleans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Galerie_Cour_Honneur_-_Paris_I_%28FR75%29_-_2021-06-14_-_1.jpg/400px-Galerie_Cour_Honneur_-_Paris_I_%28FR75%29_-_2021-06-14_-_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Galerie_Cour_Honneur_-_Paris_I_%28FR75%29_-_2021-06-14_-_1.jpg/600px-Galerie_Cour_Honneur_-_Paris_I_%28FR75%29_-_2021-06-14_-_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Galerie_Cour_Honneur_-_Paris_I_%28FR75%29_-_2021-06-14_-_1.jpg/800px-Galerie_Cour_Honneur_-_Paris_I_%28FR75%29_-_2021-06-14_-_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gallery of the Court of Honor, formerly part of Gallery d'Orleans</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Galerie_du_Beaujolais_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Gallery of Beaujolais"><img alt="Gallery of Beaujolais" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Galerie_du_Beaujolais_2.JPG/400px-Galerie_du_Beaujolais_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Galerie_du_Beaujolais_2.JPG/600px-Galerie_du_Beaujolais_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Galerie_du_Beaujolais_2.JPG/800px-Galerie_du_Beaujolais_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gallery of Beaujolais</div> </li> </ul> <p>The six-story buildings that surround the gardens on three sides have galleries on the ground floor containing shops and restaurants The garden galleries were constructed 1781–1784 to the designs of the <a href="/wiki/Victor_Louis" title="Victor Louis">Victor Louis</a>. On the west side is the Montpensier Gallery, on the north, the Beaujolais Gallery, and to the east, the Valois Gallery. Traversing the south side of the garden are two parallel colonnades, remnants of the former covered Galerie d'Orléans (demolished in 1930). They stand between the court of honor and the garden. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Restaurants_-_Le_Grand_Véfour"><span id="Restaurants_-_Le_Grand_V.C3.A9four"></span>Restaurants - Le Grand Véfour</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palais-Royal&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Restaurants - Le Grand Véfour"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_Palais_Royal_Restaurant_Grand_V%C3%A9four_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Restaurant Le Grand Véfour, opened in 1784 as the Café de Chartres"><img alt="The Restaurant Le Grand Véfour, opened in 1784 as the Café de Chartres" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Paris_Palais_Royal_Restaurant_Grand_V%C3%A9four_5.jpg/400px-Paris_Palais_Royal_Restaurant_Grand_V%C3%A9four_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Paris_Palais_Royal_Restaurant_Grand_V%C3%A9four_5.jpg/601px-Paris_Palais_Royal_Restaurant_Grand_V%C3%A9four_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Paris_Palais_Royal_Restaurant_Grand_V%C3%A9four_5.jpg/801px-Paris_Palais_Royal_Restaurant_Grand_V%C3%A9four_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4582" data-file-height="3434" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Restaurant <a href="/wiki/Le_Grand_V%C3%A9four" title="Le Grand Véfour">Le Grand Véfour</a>, opened in 1784 as the Café de Chartres</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 149.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 147.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_Palais_Royal_Restaurant_Grand_V%C3%A9four_Decke_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ceiling of the Restaurant Grand Véfour"><img alt="Ceiling of the Restaurant Grand Véfour" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Paris_Palais_Royal_Restaurant_Grand_V%C3%A9four_Decke_3.jpg/221px-Paris_Palais_Royal_Restaurant_Grand_V%C3%A9four_Decke_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="148" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Paris_Palais_Royal_Restaurant_Grand_V%C3%A9four_Decke_3.jpg/331px-Paris_Palais_Royal_Restaurant_Grand_V%C3%A9four_Decke_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Paris_Palais_Royal_Restaurant_Grand_V%C3%A9four_Decke_3.jpg/441px-Paris_Palais_Royal_Restaurant_Grand_V%C3%A9four_Decke_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3285" data-file-height="4466" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ceiling of the Restaurant Grand Véfour</div> </li> </ul> <p>The Palais-Royal was famous for its restaurants, particularly following the French Revolution, when chefs of aristocratic families who had fled France opened their own restaurants. One surviving restaurant from this period is <a href="/wiki/Le_Grand_V%C3%A9four" title="Le Grand Véfour">Le Grand Véfour</a>, It opened in 1784 as the Café de Chartres. In the 20th century it was a favorite dining spot for <a href="/wiki/Colette" title="Colette">Colette</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean_Cocteau" title="Jean Cocteau">Jean Cocteau</a>, and preserves much of its original decor.<sup id="cite_ref-Massounie_2006_pp._88-89_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Massounie_2006_pp._88-89-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theater_of_the_Comédie_Française"><span id="Theater_of_the_Com.C3.A9die_Fran.C3.A7aise"></span>Theater of the Comédie Française</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palais-Royal&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Theater of the Comédie Française"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 312.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 310.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CFfacadePlacedelOpera.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The Salle Richelieu, principal theater of the Comédie-Française"><img alt="The Salle Richelieu, principal theater of the Comédie-Française" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/CFfacadePlacedelOpera.png/466px-CFfacadePlacedelOpera.png" decoding="async" width="311" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/CFfacadePlacedelOpera.png/699px-CFfacadePlacedelOpera.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/CFfacadePlacedelOpera.png 2x" data-file-width="854" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Salle_Richelieu" title="Salle Richelieu">Salle Richelieu</a>, principal theater of the <a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A9die-Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Comédie-Française">Comédie-Française</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Salle_Richelieu_Grand_escalier1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The grand staircase"><img alt="The grand staircase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Salle_Richelieu_Grand_escalier1.JPG/400px-Salle_Richelieu_Grand_escalier1.JPG" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Salle_Richelieu_Grand_escalier1.JPG/600px-Salle_Richelieu_Grand_escalier1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Salle_Richelieu_Grand_escalier1.JPG/800px-Salle_Richelieu_Grand_escalier1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The grand staircase</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 303.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 301.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Balcons_de_la_salle_Richelieu.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Balconies of the Salle Richelieu"><img alt="Balconies of the Salle Richelieu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Balcons_de_la_salle_Richelieu.JPG/452px-Balcons_de_la_salle_Richelieu.JPG" decoding="async" width="302" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Balcons_de_la_salle_Richelieu.JPG/677px-Balcons_de_la_salle_Richelieu.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Balcons_de_la_salle_Richelieu.JPG/903px-Balcons_de_la_salle_Richelieu.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4912" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Balconies of the Salle Richelieu</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Salle_Richelieu_Foyer_Pierre_Dux.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Ceiling of the Pierre Dux salon of the foyer"><img alt="Ceiling of the Pierre Dux salon of the foyer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Salle_Richelieu_Foyer_Pierre_Dux.JPG/400px-Salle_Richelieu_Foyer_Pierre_Dux.JPG" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Salle_Richelieu_Foyer_Pierre_Dux.JPG/600px-Salle_Richelieu_Foyer_Pierre_Dux.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Salle_Richelieu_Foyer_Pierre_Dux.JPG/800px-Salle_Richelieu_Foyer_Pierre_Dux.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ceiling of the Pierre Dux salon of the foyer</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 216px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 214px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_miroirs.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mirrors of the foyer multiply the space"><img alt="Mirrors of the foyer multiply the space" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_miroirs.jpg/321px-Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_miroirs.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_miroirs.jpg/482px-Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_miroirs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_miroirs.jpg/643px-Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_miroirs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3213" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mirrors of the foyer multiply the space</div> </li> </ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Salle_Richelieu" title="Salle Richelieu">Salle Richelieu</a>, now the principal theater of the <a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A9die_Fran%C3%A7aise" class="mw-redirect" title="Comédie Française">Comédie Française</a>, was designed by Victor Louis and completed in 1786. It was inaugurated on 15 May 1790. The theater was extensively remodelled over the years; only the exterior walls and columns of the peristyle of the original theater survive, but the reconstructions have preserved the original plan and style.<sup id="cite_ref-Massounie_2006_pp._20-21_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Massounie_2006_pp._20-21-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The site was quite small for such a large theater, 44 by 32 metres, so Louis was compelled to stack the seven levels of the theater directly on top of the vestibule on the ground floor. The auditorium of the theater is in the form of an oval. Four stairways serve the seven levels. Balconies, loges and galleries fill the different levels. Four massive columns frame the stage. The hall is covered by a large cupola supported by pendentives and decorated with frescoes, The interior is lavishly decorated in blue and green ornamented with gold, colors traditionally associated in the 18th century with classical theatres. Louis built the cupola with a metallic framework, which saved the structure when a fire struck the theater in 1900. The theater today can hold 2,000 spectators.<sup id="cite_ref-Massounie_2006_pp._20-21_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Massounie_2006_pp._20-21-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Théâtre_du_Palais-Royal"><span id="Th.C3.A9.C3.A2tre_du_Palais-Royal"></span>Théâtre du Palais-Royal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palais-Royal&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Théâtre du Palais-Royal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_Theatre_Palais_Royal_Balcons_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Statues of cariatides decorate boxes next to the stage"><img alt="Statues of cariatides decorate boxes next to the stage" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Paris_Theatre_Palais_Royal_Balcons_-_panoramio.jpg/225px-Paris_Theatre_Palais_Royal_Balcons_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Paris_Theatre_Palais_Royal_Balcons_-_panoramio.jpg/338px-Paris_Theatre_Palais_Royal_Balcons_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Paris_Theatre_Palais_Royal_Balcons_-_panoramio.jpg/450px-Paris_Theatre_Palais_Royal_Balcons_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1192" data-file-height="1588" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Statues of cariatides decorate boxes next to the stage</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_du_Palais-Royal,_Paris_23_February_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Théâtre du Palais-Royal"><img alt="The Théâtre du Palais-Royal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_du_Palais-Royal%2C_Paris_23_February_2017.jpg/400px-Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_du_Palais-Royal%2C_Paris_23_February_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_du_Palais-Royal%2C_Paris_23_February_2017.jpg/600px-Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_du_Palais-Royal%2C_Paris_23_February_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_du_Palais-Royal%2C_Paris_23_February_2017.jpg/800px-Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_du_Palais-Royal%2C_Paris_23_February_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_du_Palais-Royal" title="Théâtre du Palais-Royal">Théâtre du Palais-Royal</a></div> </li> </ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_du_Palais-Royal" title="Théâtre du Palais-Royal">Théâtre du Palais-Royal</a> is located on the northwest corner of the Palais-Royal, in the <a href="/wiki/Galerie_de_Montpensier" title="Galerie de Montpensier">Galerie de Montpensier</a> at its intersection with the Galerie de Beaujolais.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has 750 seats. The first theatre was built in 1784 by Victor Louis for the <a href="/wiki/Marionette" title="Marionette">marionette</a> theater of the <a href="/wiki/Louis_Charles,_Count_of_Beaujolais" title="Louis Charles, Count of Beaujolais">Count of Beaujolais</a> on its first floor. This was purchased in 1789 by the theatrical producer <a href="/wiki/Mademoiselle_Montansier" title="Mademoiselle Montansier">Mademoiselle Montansier</a>, who had Louis rebuild it in 1791 into a larger variety theater, called the Montpensier-Variétés. The scandalous varieties of entertainment, and frequentation by prostitutes, who sought clients in the galleries of the Palais-Royal, led to the theater being closed down in 1806. In 1831, under the new regime of King <a href="/wiki/Louis-Philippe" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis-Philippe">Louis-Philippe</a>, it was rebuilt and reopened as a legitimate theater, staging the plays of <a href="/wiki/Victorien_Sardou" title="Victorien Sardou">Victorien Sardou</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Labiche" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene Labiche">Eugene Labiche</a> among others. Concerns about theater fires caused the reconstruction in 1887 of the façade, with elaborate tiers of cast-iron fire escapes and polychrome ceramics. The architect of the façade was <a href="/wiki/Paul_S%C3%A9dille" title="Paul Sédille">Paul Sédille</a>, who also designed the interior of the <a href="/wiki/Printemps" title="Printemps">Printemps</a> department store (1881–89).<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The theatre is now classified as a French historical monument.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palais-Royal&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 313.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 311.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P3260019_Paris_I_Palais_Royal_reduct.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Garden-side view with the columns of the former Galerie d'Orléans"><img alt="Garden-side view with the columns of the former Galerie d'Orléans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/P3260019_Paris_I_Palais_Royal_reduct.jpg/467px-P3260019_Paris_I_Palais_Royal_reduct.jpg" decoding="async" width="312" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/P3260019_Paris_I_Palais_Royal_reduct.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="613" data-file-height="394" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Garden-side view with the columns of the former Galerie d'Orléans</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 269.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 267.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dancers_in_the_Buren_installation.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dancers of the Nathalie Pernette company perform her dance piece La Figure du Baiser in May 2017 within the Columns of Buren at the Palais-Royal.[56]"><img alt="Dancers of the Nathalie Pernette company perform her dance piece La Figure du Baiser in May 2017 within the Columns of Buren at the Palais-Royal.[56]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Dancers_in_the_Buren_installation.jpg/401px-Dancers_in_the_Buren_installation.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Dancers_in_the_Buren_installation.jpg/601px-Dancers_in_the_Buren_installation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Dancers_in_the_Buren_installation.jpg/801px-Dancers_in_the_Buren_installation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="809" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dancers of the Nathalie Pernette company perform her dance piece <i>La Figure du Baiser</i> in May 2017 within the <a href="/wiki/Les_Deux_Plateaux" title="Les Deux Plateaux"><i>Columns of Buren</i></a> at the Palais-Royal.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palais-Royal&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_parks_and_gardens_of_Paris" title="History of parks and gardens of Paris">History of parks and gardens of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Rambouillet" title="Hôtel de Rambouillet">Hôtel de Rambouillet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Lagier" title="Suzanne Lagier">Suzanne Lagier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louvre_Palace" title="Louvre Palace">Louvre Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuileries_Palace" title="Tuileries Palace">Tuileries Palace</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palais-Royal&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Notes</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Horne131-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Horne131_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Horne131_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Horne131_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHorne2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alistair_Horne" title="Alistair Horne">Horne, Alistair</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SZ7tAAAAMAAJ"><i>La Belle France</i></a>. USA: Vintage. p. 131. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-3487-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-3487-1"><bdi>978-1-4000-3487-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-12-07</span></span>. <q>...between 1633 and 1639, Richelieu built a princely palace... which he bequeathed to the King. Known initially as the Palais-Cardinal, when the royal family moved in after Richelieu's death it gained the name it has held ever since, – Le Palais-Royal.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Belle+France&rft.place=USA&rft.pages=131&rft.pub=Vintage&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-4000-3487-1&rft.aulast=Horne&rft.aufirst=Alistair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSZ7tAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalais-Royal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Jacques Lemercier"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Jacques_Lemercier">"Jacques Lemercier" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company. <q> He (Lemercier) began the Palais-Cardinal at Paris in 1629, which, after its donation to the king, was known as the Palais Royal.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jacques+Lemercier&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalais-Royal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rostaing 2001, p. 72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParmele1906" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Platt_Parmele" title="Mary Platt Parmele">Parmele, Mary Platt</a> (1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryoffr01parm"><i>A Short History of France</i></a>. New York: C. Scribner's sons. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryoffr01parm/page/142">142</a>–143.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Short+History+of+France&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=142-143&rft.pub=C.+Scribner%27s+sons&rft.date=1906&rft.aulast=Parmele&rft.aufirst=Mary+Platt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fshorthistoryoffr01parm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalais-Royal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/louisedelavalli01lair/page/131/mode/1up">Lair 1908, pp. 131–134</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Brother to the Sun king:Philippe, Duke of Orléans</i> by <i>Nancy Nicholas Barker</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barker 1989, p. 168; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sRRQAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA33">Brice 1687, pp. 33–39 ("The Palais Brion")</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hazlehurst (1980). <i>Gardens of Illusion</i>, p. 189.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Sun King</i> by <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Mitford" title="Nancy Mitford">Nancy Mitford</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rudeck 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nancy Nicholas Barker, <i>Brother to the Sun King:Philippe, Duke of Orléans</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elaine Evans Dee (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T063652">"Oppenord"</a>, vol. 23, p. 457, in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dictionary_of_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="The Dictionary of Art">The Dictionary of Art</a></i>, 34 volumes, edited by Jane Turner. New York: Grove. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781884446009" title="Special:BookSources/9781884446009">9781884446009</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PalaisBrion-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PalaisBrion_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070707204742/http://www.conseil-etat.fr/ce/histoi/index_hp_1692b.shtml">"Le Palais-Royal des Orléans (1692-1793): Les travaux entrepris par le Régent"</a>. Archived from the original on July 7, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-05-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Le+Palais-Royal+des+Orl%C3%A9ans+%281692-1793%29%3A+Les+travaux+entrepris+par+le+R%C3%A9gent&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.conseil-etat.fr%2Fce%2Fhistoi%2Findex_hp_1692b.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalais-Royal" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Grammaire des jardins parisiens</i>, 2007, p. 71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ayers 2004, p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ayers 2004, pp. 47–48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clark 1998, pp. 1–2, 19–20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pitou 1983, vol. 1, pp. 13, 26–30; Ayers 2004, pp. 47–48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hemmings 1994, p. 37; Wild 2003; for the opening date see the entry "Beaujolais (théâtre des)" in Lecomte 1905, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TKk-AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA15">p. 15</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wild 2003; Ayers 2004, pp. 47–48; see also the first entry for "Variétés (théâtre des)" in Lecomte 1905, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TKk-AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA55">p. 55</a>, and the entry "Palais-Royal (2<sup>e</sup> théâtre du)" on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TKk-AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA47">p 47</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Netter 1996, pp. 69–70; Hemmings 1994, pp. 60–63; see also the entry "Variétés-Amusantes" in Lecomte 1905, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TKk-AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA55">p. 55</a>, and the entry "Français de la rue Richelieu" on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TKk-AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA29">p. 29</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ayers 2004, p. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell, I., <i>Tradition and Innovation in English Retailing, 1700 to 1850,</i> Routledge, Oxon, p. 140</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Byrne-Paquet, L., <i>The Urge to Splurge: A Social History of Shopping,</i> ECW Press, Toronto, Canada, pp 90-93</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Byrne-Paquet, L., <i>The Urge to Splurge: A Social History of Shopping,</i> ECW Press, Toronto, Canada, pp. 90–93; Mitchell, I., <i>Tradition and Innovation in English Retailing, 1700 to 1850,</i> Routledge, Oxon, p. 140</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quoted by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pYVPAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA114">Sandoz 1900, p. 114</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3xMsEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT87">P. 87</a> in Nina Rattner Gelbart (2021). <i>Minerva's French Sisters: Women of Science in Enlightenment France</i>. Yale University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300258431" title="Special:BookSources/9780300258431">9780300258431</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TKk-AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA18">"Cirque du Palais-Royal", pp. 18–19</a>, in Lecomte, Louis-Henry (1905). <i>Histoire des théâtres 1402–1904. Notice préliminaire</i>. Paris: Daragon.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Conlin, J., <i>Tales of Two Cities: Paris, London and the Birth of the Modern City,</i> Atlantic Books, 2013, Chapter 2; Willsher, K., "Paris's Galeries de Bois, Prototype of the Modern Shopping Centre," [A history of cities in 50 buildings, day 6], 30 March 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lemoine, B., <i>Les Passages Couverts</i>, Paris: Délégation à l'action artistique de la ville de Paris [AAVP], 1990. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782905118219" title="Special:BookSources/9782905118219">9782905118219</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Segard-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Segard_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Segard_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Segard; Testard (1814). <i>Picturesque Views of Public Edifices in Paris</i>, p. 9. London: Gale, Curtis, and Fenner. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UBZAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA9">View</a> at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bouchard, Alfred (1878). <i>La langue théâtrale: vocabulaire historique, descriptif et anecdotique des termes et des choses du théâtre</i>, p. 83 <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span>. Paris: Arnaud et Labat. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zjMGAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA83">View</a> at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ayers 2004, p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lambert and Massounie, "Le Palais-Royal" (2006), p. 105 (inside back cover)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Massounie_2006_p._30-31-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Massounie_2006_p._30-31_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Massounie_2006_p._30-31_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lambert and Massounie (2006), p. 30-31</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lambert and Massounie (2006), p.47-48</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lambert and Massounie (2006), p.47-48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lambert and Massounie, "Le Palais Royal" (2006), p. 60</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lambert and Massounie 2006, p. 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The date of 1753 is given by Hamon 1996, while Ayers 2004, p. 47, places it in the 1750s. <a href="/wiki/Jacques-Fran%C3%A7ois_Blondel" title="Jacques-François Blondel">Jacques-François Blondel</a> shows the room in his plan of the <i>premier étage</i> published in 1754 (<a href="/wiki/File:Palais-Royal_-_Plan_du_premier_%C3%A9tage_-_Architecture_fran%C3%A7oise_Tome3_Livre5_Ch9_Pl3.jpg" title="File:Palais-Royal - Plan du premier étage - Architecture françoise Tome3 Livre5 Ch9 Pl3.jpg">File:Palais-Royal - Plan du premier étage - Architecture françoise Tome3 Livre5 Ch9 Pl3.jpg</a>). The erroneous date 1765 is given by Lambert and Massounie 2006, p. 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lambert and Massounie 2006, p. 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lambert and Massounie (2006), p. 60</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lambert and Massounie, "Le Palais Royal" (2006), pp. 54-55</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lambert and Massounie, "Le Palais Royal" (2006), pp. 7884</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lambert and Massounie, "Le Palais Royal" (2006), pp. 78-84</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Massounie_2006_p.50-51-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Massounie_2006_p.50-51_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Massounie_2006_p.50-51_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lambert and Massounie (2006), p.50-51</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lambert and Massounie (2006), p.53</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lambert and Massounie (2006), p. 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Massounie_2006_pp._78-84-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Massounie_2006_pp._78-84_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Massounie_2006_pp._78-84_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lambert and Massounie (2006), pp. 78-84</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lambert and Massounie (2006), pp. 86-87</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Massounie_2006_pp._88-89-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Massounie_2006_pp._88-89_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Massounie_2006_pp._88-89_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Massounie_2006_pp._88-89_51-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lambert and Massounie (2006), pp. 88-89</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Massounie_2006_pp._20-21-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Massounie_2006_pp._20-21_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Massounie_2006_pp._20-21_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lambert and Massounie (2006), pp. 20-21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fauquet (2001). "Théâtre du Palais-Royal"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lambert and Massounie, "Le Palais Royal" (2006), pp. 92-93</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/merimee/PA00085916">Mérimée</a>|Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Typhenn Le Guyader, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170703000307/https://www.resmusica.com/2017/05/19/invitation-aux-rencontres-dans-la-figure-du-baiser-de-nathalie-pernette/">"Invitation aux recontres dans La Figure du Baiser de Nathalie Pernette"</a>, ResMusica, 19 May 2017.</span> </li> </ol></div> <p><b>Sources</b> </p> <ul><li>Ayers, Andrew (2004). <i>The Architecture of Paris</i>. Stuttgart: Axel Menges. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783930698967" title="Special:BookSources/9783930698967">9783930698967</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barker,_Nancy_Nichols" class="mw-redirect" title="Barker, Nancy Nichols">Barker, Nancy Nichols</a> (1989). <i>Brother to the Sund King: Philippe, Duke of Orléans</i>. Baltimore; London: The Johns Hopkins University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780801837913" title="Special:BookSources/9780801837913">9780801837913</a>.</li> <li>Brice, Germain (1687). <i>A New Description of Paris.... Translated out of French</i>. London: Henry Bonwicke. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sRRQAQAAIAAJ&pg=PP11">Copy</a> at Google Books.</li> <li>Clarke, Jan (1998). <i>The Guénégaud Theatre in Paris (1673–1680). Volume One: Founding, Design and Production</i>. Lewiston, New York: The Edwin Mellen Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780773483927" title="Special:BookSources/9780773483927">9780773483927</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%ABl-Marie_Fauquet" title="Joël-Marie Fauquet">Fauquet, Joël-Marie</a>, editor (2001). <i>Dictionnaire de la musique en France au XIX<sup>e</sup> siècle</i>. Paris: <a href="/wiki/Fayard" title="Fayard">Fayard</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782213593166" title="Special:BookSources/9782213593166">9782213593166</a>.</li> <li>Hamon, Françoise (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T019204">"Contant d'Ivry, Pierre"</a>, vol. 7, pp. 773–774, in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dictionary_of_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="The Dictionary of Art">The Dictionary of Art</a></i>, 34 volumes, edited by Jane Turner. New York: Grove. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781884446009" title="Special:BookSources/9781884446009">9781884446009</a>.</li> <li>Hemmings, F. W. J. (1994). <i>Theatre and State in France, 1760–1905</i>. New York: Cambridge University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-511-00042-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-511-00042-3">978-0-511-00042-3</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-03472-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-03472-2">978-0-521-03472-2</a> (2006 paperback reprint).</li> <li>Kennedy, Emmet; Netter, Marie-Laurence; McGregor, James P.; Olsen, Mark V. (1996). <i>Theatre, Opera, and Audiences in Revolutionary Paris</i>. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-28960-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-28960-6">978-0-313-28960-6</a>.</li> <li>Lair, Jules (1908). <i>Louise de La Vallière and the Early Life of Louis XIV</i>, translated from the fourth French edition by Ethel Colburn Mayne. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/louisedelavalli01lair">Copy</a> at Internet Archive.</li> <li>Lambert, Guy and Massounie, Dominique, <i>Le Palais Royal</i> (2006), Editions du Patrimoine, Centre des Monuments Historique (in French), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-7577-01041" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-7577-01041">978-2-7577-01041</a></li> <li>Lecomte, Louis-Henry (1905). <i>Histoire des théâtres 1402–1904. Notice préliminaire</i>. Paris: Daragon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TKk-AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP7">View</a> at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</li> <li>Netter, Marie-Laurence (1996). "Theatres and Their Directors" in Kennedy et al. 1996, pp. 65–73.</li> <li>Pitou, Spire (1983–1990). <i>The Paris Opéra: An Encyclopedia of Operas, Ballets, Composers, and Performers</i> (3 volumes). Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-686-46036-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-686-46036-7">978-0-686-46036-7</a>.</li> <li>Rostaing, Aurélia (2001). "Pierre II Desgots (1630–1688) et Claude Desgots (v. 1658 – 1732)", pp. 72–75, in <i>Créaturs de jardins et de paysages en France de la Renaissance au XXIe siècle. Tome I: de la Renaissance au début du XIXe siècle</i>, under the direction of Michel Racine. École nationale supérieure du paysage. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2742732802" title="Special:BookSources/2742732802">2742732802</a>.</li> <li>Rudeck, Claudia (2010). "Aile de la galerie du Palais-Royal", pp. 417–420, in <i>Jules Hardouin-Mansart 1646–1708</i>, edited by Alexandre Gady. Paris: Éditions de la Maison des sciences de l'homme. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782735111879" title="Special:BookSources/9782735111879">9782735111879</a>.</li> <li>Sandoz, G.-Roger (1900). <i>Le Palais-Royal d'après des documents inédits (1629-1900). Tome second: Depuis la révolution jusqu'à nos jours</i>. Paris: Société de Propagation des Livres d'Art. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/493348166">493348166</a>.</li> <li>Wild, Nicole (2003). "Palais-Royal, Théâtre du" in Fauquet 2003, p. 932.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palais-Royal&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Palais_Royal" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Palais Royal">Palais Royal</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.domaine-palais-royal.fr/en/">Official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maps.google.com/maps?q=paris,+france&ll=48.864461,2.337685&spn=0.006008,0.020548&t=h&hl=en">Satellite image from Google Maps</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paris1900.lartnouveau.com/paris01/quartier_palais_royal_louvre.htm">Palais Royal – Louvre district </a>- current photographs and of the years 1900</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061207210356/http://www.virtualparis.fr/en/guide/displayVisit/25">Virtual Paris </a>- Photos of Palais-Royal and VR views</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090919043709/http://www.placesofinterest.info/poi-advanced/placesofinterest.info/palaisroyal.panos.xml">Panoramic View of Palais Royal @ Places of Interest</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_d%27Amboise" title="Château d'Amboise">Château d'Amboise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_of_Blois" title="Château of Blois">Château of Blois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Chambord" title="Château de Chambord">Château de Chambord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Choisy" title="Château de Choisy">Château de Choisy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palais_de_la_Cit%C3%A9" title="Palais de la Cité">Palais de la Cité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Compi%C3%A8gne" title="Château de Compiègne">Château de Compiègne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Fontainebleau" title="Palace of Fontainebleau">Palace of Fontainebleau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louvre_Palace" title="Louvre Palace">Louvre Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Palace" title="Luxembourg Palace">Luxembourg Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Marly" title="Château de Marly">Château de Marly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Meudon" title="Château de Meudon">Château de Meudon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_la_Muette" title="Château de la Muette">Château de la Muette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Rambouillet" title="Château de Rambouillet">Château de Rambouillet</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Palais-Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Saint-Cloud" title="Château de Saint-Cloud">Château de Saint-Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Saint-Germain-en-Laye" title="Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye">Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuileries_Palace" title="Tuileries Palace">Tuileries Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Palace of Versailles</a> (including the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Trianon" title="Grand Trianon">Grand Trianon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Petit_Trianon" title="Petit Trianon">Petit Trianon</a>)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer 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<li><a href="/wiki/Catacombs_of_Paris" title="Catacombs of Paris">Catacombs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conciergerie" title="Conciergerie">Conciergerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eiffel_Tower" title="Eiffel Tower">Eiffel Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gare_d%27Austerlitz" title="Gare d'Austerlitz">Gare d'Austerlitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gare_de_l%27Est" title="Gare de l'Est">Gare de l'Est</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Lyon" title="Gare de Lyon">Gare de Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gare_du_Nord" title="Gare du Nord">Gare du Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gare_Montparnasse" title="Gare Montparnasse">Gare Montparnasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gare_Saint-Lazare" title="Gare Saint-Lazare">Gare Saint-Lazare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Palais" title="Grand Palais">Grand Palais</a> and <a href="/wiki/Petit_Palais" title="Petit Palais">Petit Palais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_de_France" title="Institut de France">Institut de France</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Arc_(Fr%C3%A9miet)" title="Jeanne d'Arc (Frémiet)">Jeanne d'Arc</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Invalides" title="Les Invalides">Les Invalides</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon%27s_tomb" title="Napoleon's tomb">Napoleon's tomb</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louvre_Pyramid" title="Louvre Pyramid">Louvre Pyramid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxor_Obelisks" title="Luxor Obelisks">Luxor Obelisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Od%C3%A9on-Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_l%27Europe" title="Odéon-Théâtre de l'Europe">Odéon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra_Bastille" title="Opéra Bastille">Opéra Bastille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palais_Garnier" title="Palais Garnier">Opéra Garnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panth%C3%A9on" title="Panthéon">Panthéon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philharmonie_de_Paris" title="Philharmonie de Paris">Philharmonie de Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_Diana" title="Place Diana">Place Diana</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Flame_of_Liberty" title="Flame of Liberty">Flame of Liberty</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porte_Saint-Denis" title="Porte Saint-Denis">Porte Saint-Denis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porte_Saint-Martin" title="Porte Saint-Martin">Porte Saint-Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorbonne_(building)" title="Sorbonne (building)">Sorbonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tour_Montparnasse" title="Tour Montparnasse">Tour Montparnasse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Museums_in_Paris" title="Museums in Paris">Museums</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Paris" title="List of museums in Paris">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_Museum_(Paris)" title="Army Museum (Paris)">Army Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet" title="Musée Carnavalet">Carnavalet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_Pompidou" title="Centre Pompidou">Centre Pompidou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_des_Sciences_et_de_l%27Industrie" title="Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie">Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galerie_nationale_du_Jeu_de_Paume" class="mw-redirect" title="Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume">Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Vuitton_Foundation" title="Louis Vuitton Foundation">Louis Vuitton Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Arts_d%C3%A9coratifs,_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Musée des Arts décoratifs, Paris">Musée des Arts décoratifs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Arts_et_M%C3%A9tiers" title="Musée des Arts et Métiers">Musée des Arts et Métiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Art_et_d%27Histoire_du_Juda%C3%AFsme" title="Musée d'Art et d'Histoire du Judaïsme">Musée d'Art et d'Histoire du Judaïsme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Art_Moderne_de_Paris" title="Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris">Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maison_de_Balzac" title="Maison de Balzac">Maison de Balzac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Bourdelle" title="Musée Bourdelle">Musée Bourdelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_Cin%C3%A9math%C3%A8que" title="Musée de la Cinémathèque">Musée de la Cinémathèque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Cognacq-Jay" title="Musée Cognacq-Jay">Musée Cognacq-Jay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Gr%C3%A9vin" title="Musée Grévin">Musée Grévin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guimet_Museum" title="Guimet Museum">Musée Guimet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maison_de_Victor_Hugo" title="Maison de Victor Hugo">Maison de Victor Hugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Jacquemart-Andr%C3%A9" title="Musée Jacquemart-André">Musée Jacquemart-André</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Musée du Louvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Marmottan_Monet" title="Musée Marmottan Monet">Musée Marmottan Monet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_Montmartre" title="Musée de Montmartre">Musée de Montmartre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_National_d%27Art_Moderne" title="Musée National d'Art Moderne">Musée National d'Art Moderne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_national_Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix" title="Musée national Eugène Delacroix">Musée national Eugène Delacroix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_national_Gustave_Moreau" title="Musée national Gustave Moreau">Musée national Gustave Moreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_national_des_Monuments_Fran%C3%A7ais" title="Musée national des Monuments Français">Musée national des Monuments Français</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Natural_History,_France" title="National Museum of Natural History, France">Muséum national d'histoire naturelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_Cluny" title="Musée de Cluny">Musée de Cluny – Musée national du Moyen Âge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_l%27Orangerie" title="Musée de l'Orangerie">Musée de l'Orangerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Orsay" title="Musée d'Orsay">Musée d'Orsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Pasteur" title="Musée Pasteur">Musée Pasteur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Picasso" title="Musée Picasso">Musée Picasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_du_Quai_Branly_%E2%80%93_Jacques_Chirac" title="Musée du Quai Branly – Jacques Chirac">Musée du Quai Branly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Rodin" title="Musée Rodin">Musée Rodin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palais_de_la_L%C3%A9gion_d%27Honneur" title="Palais de la Légion d'Honneur">Palais de la Légion d'Honneur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_L%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur" title="Musée de la Légion d'honneur">Musée de la Légion d'honneur</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_Vie_romantique" title="Musée de la Vie romantique">Musée de la Vie romantique</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_buildings_in_Paris" title="List of religious buildings in Paris">Religious buildings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Nevsky_Cathedral,_Paris" title="Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, Paris">Alexander Nevsky Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Cathedral_in_Paris" title="American Cathedral in Paris">American Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Church_in_Paris" title="American Church in Paris">American Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Cathedral_of_St._John_the_Baptist" title="Armenian Cathedral of St. John the Baptist">Armenian Cathedral of St. John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapelle_expiatoire" title="Chapelle expiatoire">Chapelle expiatoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Mosque_of_Paris" title="Grand Mosque of Paris">Grand Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Synagogue_of_Paris" title="Grand Synagogue of Paris">Grand Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synagogue_de_Nazareth" title="Synagogue de Nazareth">Synagogue de Nazareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Madeleine,_Paris" title="La Madeleine, Paris">La Madeleine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Notre-Dame de Paris">Notre-Dame de Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-de-Bonne-Nouvelle" title="Notre-Dame-de-Bonne-Nouvelle">Notre-Dame-de-Bonne-Nouvelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-de-Lorette,_Paris" title="Notre-Dame-de-Lorette, Paris">Notre-Dame-de-Lorette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-des-Victoires,_Paris" title="Notre-Dame-des-Victoires, Paris">Notre-Dame-des-Victoires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacr%C3%A9-C%C5%93ur,_Paris" title="Sacré-Cœur, Paris">Sacré-Cœur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Ambroise,_Paris" title="Saint-Ambroise, Paris">Saint Ambroise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Augustin,_Paris" title="Saint-Augustin, Paris">Saint-Augustin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne-du-Mont" title="Saint-Étienne-du-Mont">Saint-Étienne-du-Mont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Eustache,_Paris" title="Saint-Eustache, Paris">Saint-Eustache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Fran%C3%A7ois-Xavier,_Paris" title="Saint-François-Xavier, Paris">Saint-François-Xavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Germain-des-Pr%C3%A9s_(abbey)" title="Saint-Germain-des-Prés (abbey)">Saint-Germain-des-Prés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Germain_l%27Auxerrois" title="Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois">Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Gervais-Saint-Protais" title="Saint-Gervais-Saint-Protais">Saint-Gervais-Saint-Protais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tour_Saint-Jacques" title="Tour Saint-Jacques">Tour Saint-Jacques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean_de_Montmartre" title="Saint-Jean de Montmartre">Saint-Jean de Montmartre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis" title="Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis">Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre_de_Montmartre" title="Saint-Pierre de Montmartre">Saint-Pierre de Montmartre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Roch,_Paris" title="Saint-Roch, Paris">Saint-Roch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Sulpice,_Paris" title="Saint-Sulpice, Paris">Saint-Sulpice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Vincent-de-Paul,_Paris" title="Saint-Vincent-de-Paul, Paris">Saint-Vincent-de-Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Chapelle" title="Sainte-Chapelle">Sainte-Chapelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Clotilde,_Paris" title="Sainte-Clotilde, Paris">Sainte-Clotilde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Trinit%C3%A9,_Paris" title="Sainte-Trinité, Paris">Sainte-Trinité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_du_Marais" title="Temple du Marais">Temple du Marais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val-de-Gr%C3%A2ce_(church)" title="Val-de-Grâce (church)">Val-de-Grâce</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hôtels particuliers<br />and palaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lys%C3%A9e_Palace" title="Élysée Palace">Élysée Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Beauvais" title="Hôtel de Beauvais">Hôtel de Beauvais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Charost" title="Hôtel de Charost">Hôtel de Charost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Crillon" title="Hôtel de Crillon">Hôtel de Crillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_d%27Estr%C3%A9es" title="Hôtel d'Estrées">Hôtel d'Estrées</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_la_Pa%C3%AFva" title="Hôtel de la Païva">Hôtel de la Païva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Pontalba" title="Hôtel de Pontalba">Hôtel de Pontalba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Sens" title="Hôtel de Sens">Hôtel de Sens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Soubise" title="Hôtel de Soubise">Hôtel de Soubise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Sully" title="Hôtel de Sully">Hôtel de Sully</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville,_Paris" title="Hôtel de Ville, Paris">Hôtel de Ville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Lambert" title="Hôtel Lambert">Hôtel Lambert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Matignon" title="Hôtel Matignon">Hôtel Matignon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Palace" title="Luxembourg Palace">Luxembourg Palace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petit_Luxembourg" title="Petit Luxembourg">Petit Luxembourg</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palais_Bourbon" title="Palais Bourbon">Palais Bourbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palais_de_Justice,_Paris" title="Palais de Justice, Paris">Palais de Justice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palais_de_la_Cit%C3%A9" title="Palais de la Cité">Palais de la Cité</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Palais-Royal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bridges, streets,<br />areas, squares<br />and waterways</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avenue_de_l%27Op%C3%A9ra" title="Avenue de l'Opéra">Avenue de l'Opéra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenue_Foch" title="Avenue Foch">Avenue Foch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenue_George_V" title="Avenue George V">Avenue George V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulevard_de_la_Madeleine" title="Boulevard de la Madeleine">Boulevard de la Madeleine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulevard_de_S%C3%A9bastopol" title="Boulevard de Sébastopol">Boulevard de Sébastopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_de_l%27Ourcq" class="mw-redirect" title="Canal de l'Ourcq">Canal de l'Ourcq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_Saint-Martin" title="Canal Saint-Martin">Canal Saint-Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champ_de_Mars" title="Champ de Mars">Champ de Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es" title="Champs-Élysées">Champs-Élysées</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covered_passages_of_Paris" title="Covered passages of Paris">Covered passages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galerie_V%C3%A9ro-Dodat" title="Galerie Véro-Dodat">Galerie Véro-Dodat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_Choiseul" title="Passage Choiseul">Choiseul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_des_Panoramas" title="Passage des Panoramas">Panoramas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galerie_Vivienne" title="Galerie Vivienne">Galerie Vivienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_du_Havre" title="Passage du Havre">Havre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_Jouffroy" title="Passage Jouffroy">Jouffroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_Brady" title="Passage Brady">Brady</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Quarter,_Paris" title="Latin Quarter, Paris">Latin Quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Marais" title="The Marais">Le Marais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montmartre" title="Montmartre">Montmartre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montparnasse" title="Montparnasse">Montparnasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_Diana" title="Place Diana">Place Diana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_Dauphine" title="Place Dauphine">Place Dauphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_de_la_Bastille" title="Place de la Bastille">Place de la Bastille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_de_la_Concorde" title="Place de la Concorde">Place de la Concorde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_de_la_Nation" title="Place de la Nation">Place de la Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_de_la_R%C3%A9publique" title="Place de la République">Place de la République</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_des_%C3%89meutes-de-Stonewall" title="Place des Émeutes-de-Stonewall">Place des Émeutes-de-Stonewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_des_%C3%89tats-Unis" title="Place des États-Unis">Place des États-Unis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_des_Pyramides" title="Place des Pyramides">Place des Pyramides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_des_Victoires" title="Place des Victoires">Place des Victoires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_des_Vosges" title="Place des Vosges">Place des Vosges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_du_Carrousel" title="Place du Carrousel">Place du Carrousel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Place du Châtelet">Place du Châtelet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_du_Tertre" title="Place du Tertre">Place du Tertre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_Saint-Michel" title="Place Saint-Michel">Place Saint-Michel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_Vend%C3%B4me" title="Place Vendôme">Place Vendôme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont_Alexandre_III" title="Pont Alexandre III">Pont Alexandre III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont_d%27I%C3%A9na" title="Pont d'Iéna">Pont d'Iéna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont_de_Bir-Hakeim" title="Pont de Bir-Hakeim">Pont de Bir-Hakeim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont_des_Arts" title="Pont des Arts">Pont des Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont_Neuf" title="Pont Neuf">Pont Neuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_du_Louvre" title="Port du Louvre">Port du Louvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rive_Gauche" title="Rive Gauche">Rive Gauche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Basse" title="Rue Basse">Rue Basse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Bonaparte" title="Rue Bonaparte">Rue Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Charlemagne" title="Rue Charlemagne">Rue Charlemagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_d%27Argenteuil" title="Rue d'Argenteuil">Rue d'Argenteuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_de_la_Ferronnerie" title="Rue de la Ferronnerie">Rue de la Ferronnerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_de_la_Paix,_Paris" title="Rue de la Paix, Paris">Rue de la Paix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_de_la_Sourdi%C3%A8re" title="Rue de la Sourdière">Rue de la Sourdière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_de_Montmorency" title="Rue de Montmorency">Rue de Montmorency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_de_Richelieu" title="Rue de Richelieu">Rue de Richelieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_de_Rivoli" title="Rue de Rivoli">Rue de Rivoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_de_Vaugirard" title="Rue de Vaugirard">Rue de Vaugirard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_des_Francs-Bourgeois" title="Rue des Francs-Bourgeois">Rue des Francs-Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_des_Lombards" title="Rue des Lombards">Rue des Lombards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_du_Faubourg_Saint-Honor%C3%A9" title="Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré">Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Elz%C3%A9vir" title="Rue Elzévir">Rue Elzévir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Foyatier" title="Rue Foyatier">Rue Foyatier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Moli%C3%A8re" title="Rue Molière">Rue Molière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Montorgueil" title="Rue Montorgueil">Rue Montorgueil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Radziwill" title="Rue Radziwill">Rue Radziwill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Rambuteau" title="Rue Rambuteau">Rue Rambuteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Mond%C3%A9tour" title="Rue Mondétour">Rue Mondétour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Pastourelle" title="Rue Pastourelle">Rue Pastourelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_des_Rosiers" title="Rue des Rosiers">Rue des Rosiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Saint-Honor%C3%A9" title="Rue Saint-Honoré">Rue Saint-Honoré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Saint-Denis_(Paris)" title="Rue Saint-Denis (Paris)">Rue Saint-Denis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Sainte-Anne" title="Rue Sainte-Anne">Rue Sainte-Anne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Germain-des-Pr%C3%A9s" title="Saint-Germain-des-Prés">Saint-Germain-des-Prés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trocad%C3%A9ro,_Paris" title="Trocadéro, Paris">Trocadéro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viaduc_d%27Austerlitz" title="Viaduc d'Austerlitz">Viaduc d'Austerlitz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_parks_and_gardens_of_Paris" title="History of parks and gardens of Paris">Parks and gardens</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bois_de_Boulogne" title="Bois de Boulogne">Bois de Boulogne</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jardin_d%27Acclimatation" title="Jardin d'Acclimatation">Jardin d'Acclimatation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bois_de_Vincennes" title="Bois de Vincennes">Bois de Vincennes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parc_floral_de_Paris" title="Parc floral de Paris">Parc floral</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jardin_du_Luxembourg" title="Jardin du Luxembourg">Jardin du Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parc_Andr%C3%A9-Citro%C3%ABn" title="Parc André-Citroën">Parc André-Citroën</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parc_Clichy-Batignolles_%E2%80%93_Martin_Luther_King" title="Parc Clichy-Batignolles – Martin Luther King">Parc Clichy-Batignolles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parc_de_Belleville" title="Parc de Belleville">Parc de Belleville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parc_de_Bercy" title="Parc de Bercy">Parc de Bercy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parc_de_la_Butte-du-Chapeau-Rouge" title="Parc de la Butte-du-Chapeau-Rouge">Parc de la Butte-du-Chapeau-Rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parc_des_Buttes_Chaumont" title="Parc des Buttes Chaumont">Parc des Buttes Chaumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parc_Georges-Brassens" title="Parc Georges-Brassens">Parc Georges-Brassens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parc_Monceau" title="Parc Monceau">Parc Monceau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parc_Montsouris" title="Parc Montsouris">Parc Montsouris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuileries_Garden" title="Tuileries Garden">Tuileries Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coul%C3%A9e_verte_Ren%C3%A9-Dumont" title="Coulée verte René-Dumont">Coulée verte René-Dumont</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sport venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accor_Arena" title="Accor Arena">Accor Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auteuil_Hippodrome" title="Auteuil Hippodrome">Auteuil Hippodrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halle_Georges_Carpentier" title="Halle Georges Carpentier">Halle Georges Carpentier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longchamp_Racecourse" title="Longchamp Racecourse">Longchamp Hippodrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parc_des_Princes" title="Parc des Princes">Parc des Princes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piscine_Molitor" title="Piscine Molitor">Piscine Molitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porte_de_La_Chapelle_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Porte de La Chapelle Arena">Porte de La Chapelle Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stade_Jean-Bouin_(Paris)" title="Stade Jean-Bouin (Paris)">Stade Jean Bouin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stade_Pershing" title="Stade Pershing">Stade Pershing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stade_Pierre_de_Coubertin_(Paris)" title="Stade Pierre de Coubertin (Paris)">Stade Pierre de Coubertin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stade_Roland_Garros" title="Stade Roland Garros">Stade Roland Garros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stade_S%C3%A9bastien_Charl%C3%A9ty" title="Stade Sébastien Charléty">Stade Sébastien Charléty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9lodrome_de_Vincennes" title="Vélodrome de Vincennes">Vélodrome de Vincennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippodrome_de_Vincennes" title="Hippodrome de Vincennes">Vincennes Hippodrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cemeteries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montmartre_Cemetery" title="Montmartre Cemetery">Montmartre Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montparnasse_Cemetery" title="Montparnasse Cemetery">Montparnasse Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passy_Cemetery" title="Passy Cemetery">Passy Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8re_Lachaise_Cemetery" title="Père Lachaise Cemetery">Père Lachaise Cemetery</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde%27s_tomb" title="Oscar Wilde's tomb">Oscar Wilde's tomb</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picpus_Cemetery" title="Picpus Cemetery">Picpus Cemetery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Région parisienne</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint-Denis" title="Basilica of Saint-Denis">Basilica of Saint-Denis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_d%27%C3%89couen" title="Château d'Écouen">Château d'Écouen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Chantilly" title="Château de Chantilly">Château de Chantilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Fontainebleau" title="Palace of Fontainebleau">Château de Fontainebleau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Malmaison" title="Château de Malmaison">Château de Malmaison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Rambouillet" title="Château de Rambouillet">Château de Rambouillet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Saint-Germain-en-Laye" title="Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye">Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Sceaux" title="Château de Sceaux">Château de Sceaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Château</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gardens_of_Versailles" title="Gardens of Versailles">Gardens of Versailles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Grand_Trianon" title="Grand Trianon">Grand Trianon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Petit_Trianon" title="Petit Trianon">Petit Trianon</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Fresh_pavilion" title="Fresh pavilion">Fresh pavilion</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Vincennes" title="Château de Vincennes">Château de Vincennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_D%C3%A9fense" title="La Défense">La Défense</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grande_Arche" title="Grande Arche">Grande Arche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_La_D%C3%A9fense_Arena" title="Paris La Défense Arena">Paris La Défense Arena</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disneyland_Paris" title="Disneyland Paris">Disneyland Paris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disneyland_Park_(Paris)" title="Disneyland Park (Paris)">Disneyland Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Studios_Park" title="Walt Disney Studios Park">Walt Disney Studios Park</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorad%C3%B4me" title="Exploradôme">Exploradôme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Mont-Val%C3%A9rien" title="Fort Mont-Valérien">Fort Mont-Valérien</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9morial_de_la_France_combattante" title="Mémorial de la France combattante">Mémorial de la France combattante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suresnes_American_Cemetery_and_Memorial" title="Suresnes American Cemetery and Memorial">Suresnes American Cemetery and Memorial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_Miniature" title="France Miniature">France Miniature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_l%27air_et_de_l%27espace" title="Musée de l'air et de l'espace">Musée de l'air et de l'espace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Fragonard_d%27Alfort" title="Musée Fragonard d'Alfort">Musée Fragonard d'Alfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parc_Ast%C3%A9rix" title="Parc Astérix">Parc Astérix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parc_de_Saint-Cloud" title="Parc de Saint-Cloud">Parc de Saint-Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provins" title="Provins">Provins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Roche-Guyon" title="La Roche-Guyon">La Roche-Guyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8vres_%E2%80%93_Cit%C3%A9_de_la_c%C3%A9ramique" title="Sèvres – Cité de la céramique">Sèvres – Cité de la céramique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stade_de_France" title="Stade de France">Stade de France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaux-le-Vicomte" title="Vaux-le-Vicomte">Vaux-le-Vicomte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Paris" title="Culture of Paris">Culture and events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bastille_Day_military_parade" title="Bastille Day military parade">Bastille Day military parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%AEner_en_Blanc" title="Dîner en Blanc">Dîner en Blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%AAte_de_la_Musique" title="Fête de la Musique">Fête de la Musique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuit_Blanche" title="Nuit Blanche">Nuit Blanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Air_Show" title="Paris Air Show">Paris Air Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week" title="Paris Fashion Week">Paris Fashion Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris-Plages" title="Paris-Plages">Paris-Plages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Guard_(France)" title="Republican Guard (France)">Republican Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidays" title="Solidays">Solidays</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axe_historique" title="Axe historique">Axe historique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bateau-Lavoir" title="Bateau-Lavoir">Bateau-Lavoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bateaux_Mouches" title="Bateaux Mouches">Bateaux Mouches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_des_2_Moulins" title="Café des 2 Moulins">Café des 2 Moulins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_Procope" title="Café Procope">Café Procope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folies_Berg%C3%A8re" title="Folies Bergère">Folies Bergère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountains_in_Paris" title="Fountains in Paris">Fountains in Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Ruche_(residence)" title="La Ruche (residence)">La Ruche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Deux_Magots" title="Les Deux Magots">Les Deux Magots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxim%27s" title="Maxim's">Maxim's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulin_de_la_Galette" title="Moulin de la Galette">Moulin de la Galette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulin_Rouge" title="Moulin Rouge">Moulin Rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_M%C3%A9tro" title="Paris Métro">Paris Métro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paris_M%C3%A9tro_entrances_by_Hector_Guimard" title="Paris Métro entrances by Hector Guimard">entrances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montmartre_Funicular" title="Montmartre Funicular">Montmartre Funicular</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Mus%C3%A9es" title="Paris Musées">Paris Musées</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_syndrome" title="Paris syndrome">Paris syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Zoological_Park" title="Paris Zoological Park">Paris Zoological Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louvre_Inverted_Pyramid" title="Louvre Inverted Pyramid">Pyramide inversée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage Centre">World Heritage Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Paris" title="List of tourist attractions in Paris">List of tourist attractions in Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_Paris" title="Art in Paris">Art in Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_syndrome" title="Paris syndrome">Paris syndrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Palais-Royal&params=48_51_48_N_2_20_13_E_region:FR-J_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°51′48″N</span> <span class="longitude">2°20′13″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.86333°N 2.33694°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.86333; 2.33694</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q329948#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1420" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q329948#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1420" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q329948#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/127260118">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4258665-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50079445">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an49682288">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX220656">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/49035">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007605453805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/merimee/PA00085993">Mérimée</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/place/052dd208-59a3-4d8a-93c1-581ed09aaf2a">MusicBrainz place</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500310661">ULAN</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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