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class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>April</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-May" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#May"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>May</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-May-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-June" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#June"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-June-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>July</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-August" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#August"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>August</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-August-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-September" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#September"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-September-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>October</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-November" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#November"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.11</span> <span>November</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-November-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.12</span> <span>December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.13</span> <span>Date unknown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Births_and_deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births_and_deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Births and deaths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Births_and_deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nobel_Prizes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nobel_Prizes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Nobel Prizes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nobel_Prizes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1983</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 203 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-203" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">203 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1983 እ.ኤ.አ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1983 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="1983 թուական – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="1983 թուական" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="1983 сон – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="1983 сон" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B8%DB%B3_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۹۸۳ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۹۸۳ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%A9" title="১৯৮৩ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৯৮৩" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_n%C3%AE" title="1983 nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1983 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1983 йыл – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="1983 йыл" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BC%A1%E0%BC%A9%E0%BC%A8%E0%BC%A3%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8D" title="༡༩༨༣ལོ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="༡༩༨༣ལོ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983." title="1983. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1983." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="1983 ие – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1983 ие" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B8%DB%B3" title="۱۹۸۳ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۹۸۳" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_%D1%88%D1%83" title="1983 шу – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="1983 шу" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983%E5%B9%B4" title="1983年 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1983年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983-ngi%C3%A8n" title="1983-ngièn – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="1983-ngièn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983%EB%85%84" title="1983년 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1983년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A9" title="१९८३ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१९८३" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983." title="1983. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1983." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%A9" title="মারি ১৯৮৩ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১৯৮৩" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1983-æм аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1983-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B3%A7%E0%B3%AF%E0%B3%AE%E0%B3%A9" title="೧೯೮೩ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="೧೯೮೩" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1983 джыл – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="1983 джыл" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1983 жыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1983 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="1983-ӧд во – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1983-ӧд во" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_(almanak_gregoryen)" title="1983 (almanak gregoryen) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1983 (almanak gregoryen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_%D0%B8" title="1983 и – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1983 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983._gads" title="1983. gads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1983. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%81" title="1983 йис – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="1983 йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_m." title="1983 m. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1983 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983moi" title="1983moi – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="1983moi" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A9" title="१९८३ – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१९८३" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A9" title="इ.स. १९८३ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १९८३" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B8%DB%B3" title="۱۹۸۳ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۹۸۳" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1983 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1983 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="1983 он – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="1983 он" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%89%E1%81%88%E1%81%83" title="၁၉၈၃ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၉၈၃" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A9" title="सन् १९८३ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सन् १९८३" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983%E5%B9%B4" title="1983年 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1983年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_%D1%88%D0%BE" title="1983 шо – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="1983 шо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AF%E0%AD%AE%E0%AD%A9" title="୧୯୮୩ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୯୮୩" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A9" title="१९८३ – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१९८३" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joohr_1983" title="Joohr 1983 – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Joohr 1983" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1983 год – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1983 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1983 сыл – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1983 сыл" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983%D8%B9" title="1983ع – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1983ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A9%D9%A8%D9%A3" title="١٩٨٣ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٩٨٣" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1983 ел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1983 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2526" title="พ.ศ. 2526 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 2526" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1983" title="Соли 1983 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1983" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_%D0%B0%D1%80" title="1983 ар – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="1983 ар" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983%D8%A1" title="1983ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1983ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_-_%D9%8A%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="1983 - يىلى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="1983 - يىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_nienz" title="1983 nienz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="1983 nienz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E4%B9%9D%E5%85%AB%E4%B8%89%E5%B9%B4" title="一九八三年 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="一九八三年" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983%E5%B9%B4" title="1983年 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1983年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983%E5%B9%B4" title="1983年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1983年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983%E5%B9%B4" title="1983年 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1983年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" title="1983 – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1983" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2434#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1983" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the year 1983. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/1983_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="1983 (disambiguation)">1983 (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1255975824">.mw-parser-output .events-by-month{margin:0.5em 0;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;background-color:var(--background-color-base,white);font-size:88%;text-align:center;color:var(--color-emphasized,#101418)}</style><div class="events-by-month" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="1983-label"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><span id="1983-label"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1983</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/January_1983" class="mw-redirect" title="January 1983">January</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/February_1983" class="mw-redirect" title="February 1983">February</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/March_1983" class="mw-redirect" title="March 1983">March</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/April_1983" class="mw-redirect" title="April 1983">April</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/May_1983" class="mw-redirect" title="May 1983">May</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/June_1983" class="mw-redirect" title="June 1983">June</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/July_1983" class="mw-redirect" title="July 1983">July</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/August_1983" class="mw-redirect" title="August 1983">August</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/September_1983" class="mw-redirect" title="September 1983">September</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/October_1983" class="mw-redirect" title="October 1983">October</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/November_1983" class="mw-redirect" title="November 1983">November</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/December_1983" class="mw-redirect" title="December 1983">December</a></dd></dl> </div></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1983_Events_Collage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/1983_Events_Collage.jpg/300px-1983_Events_Collage.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/1983_Events_Collage.jpg/450px-1983_Events_Collage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/1983_Events_Collage.jpg/600px-1983_Events_Collage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="930" data-file-height="840" /></a><figcaption>Clockwise from top-left: the <a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday_bushfires" title="Ash Wednesday bushfires">Ash Wednesday bushfires</a> burned around 2,080 km<sup>2</sup> (510,000 acres), killing 75 people in <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(state)" title="Victoria (state)">Victoria</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a>; a <a href="/wiki/1983_United_States_embassy_bombing_in_Beirut" class="mw-redirect" title="1983 United States embassy bombing in Beirut">suicide bombing</a> in <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> killed 63 people (+1 suicide bomber) and injuring 120; Soviet <a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-15" title="Sukhoi Su-15">Sukhoi Su-15</a> shoots <a href="/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_007" title="Korean Air Lines Flight 007">Korean Air Lines Flight 007</a> killing all aboard; the <a href="/wiki/Video_game_crash_of_1983" title="Video game crash of 1983">video game crash of 1983</a> caused a large-scale recession in the North American video game industry; <a href="/wiki/Sally_Ride" title="Sally Ride">Sally Ride</a> became the first American woman in space during <a href="/wiki/STS-7" title="STS-7">STS-7</a> mission; a truck bomb <a href="/wiki/1983_Beirut_barracks_bombings" title="1983 Beirut barracks bombings">blew up</a> in Beirut, killing more than 307 people; the <a href="/wiki/Black_July" title="Black July">Black July anti-Tamil pogrom</a> occurs in <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>; the United States and a coalition of six Caribbean nations <a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Grenada" title="United States invasion of Grenada">invaded</a> the island nation of <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <table class="infobox" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Millennium</a>: </th> <td><a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Centuries</a>: </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st_century" title="21st century">21st century</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Decades</a>: </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960s" title="1960s">1960s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970s" title="1970s">1970s</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1980s" title="1980s">1980s</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990s" title="1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000s" title="2000s">2000s</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a>: </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1980" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1980">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1981" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1981">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1982" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1982">1982</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/AD_1983" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1983">1983</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1984" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1984">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1985" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1985">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1986" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1986">1986</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Category:1983" title="Category:1983">1983 by topic</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Subject</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_animation" title="1983 in animation">Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_archaeology" title="1983 in archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_architecture" title="1983 in architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_art" title="1983 in art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_aviation" title="1983 in aviation">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1983_awards" title="Category:1983 awards">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_comics" title="1983 in comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_film" title="1983 in film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_literature" title="1983 in literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_poetry" title="1983 in poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1983_meteorology" title="Category:1983 meteorology">Meteorology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_music" title="1983 in music">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_country_music" title="1983 in country music">Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_heavy_metal_music" title="1983 in heavy metal music">Heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_hip_hop_music" title="1983 in hip hop music">Hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_jazz" title="1983 in jazz">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_Latin_music" class="mw-redirect" title="1983 in Latin music">Latin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_rail_transport" title="1983 in rail transport">Rail transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_radio" title="1983 in radio">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_science" title="1983 in science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_spaceflight" title="1983 in spaceflight">Spaceflight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_sports" title="1983 in sports">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_association_football" title="1983 in association football">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_television" title="1983 in television">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_American_television" title="1983 in American television">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_Australian_television" title="1983 in Australian television">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_Belgian_television" title="1983 in Belgian television">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_Brazilian_television" title="1983 in Brazilian television">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_British_television" title="1983 in British television">British</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_Scottish_television" title="1983 in Scottish television">Scottish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_Canadian_television" title="1983 in Canadian television">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_Danish_television" title="1983 in Danish television">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_Irish_television" title="1983 in Irish television">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_Italian_television" title="1983 in Italian television">Italian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_video_games" title="1983 in video games">Video games</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> By country</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_Afghanistan" title="1983 in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_Australia" title="1983 in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_Bangladesh" title="1983 in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_Belgium" title="1983 in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_Brazil" title="1983 in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="1983 in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_Canada" title="1983 in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_China" title="1983 in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_Denmark" title="1983 in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_France" title="1983 in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_Germany" title="1983 in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_Greece" title="1983 in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_India" title="1983 in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_Ireland" title="1983 in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_Iran" title="1983 in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_Israel" title="1983 in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_Japan" title="1983 in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_Kuwait" title="1983 in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_Luxembourg" title="1983 in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_Malaysia" title="1983 in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_Mexico" title="1983 in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_New_Zealand" title="1983 in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_Norway" title="1983 in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_Pakistan" title="1983 in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_the_Philippines" title="1983 in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_Portugal" title="1983 in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_Singapore" title="1983 in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_South_Africa" title="1983 in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_South_Korea" title="1983 in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_Sweden" title="1983 in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_Switzerland" title="1983 in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_Thailand" title="1983 in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_Turkey" title="1983 in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1983 in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_the_United_States" title="1983 in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_Zimbabwe" class="mw-redirect" title="1983 in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Lists of leaders</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_1983" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states in 1983">Sovereign states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_1983" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state leaders in 1983">Sovereign state leaders</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_dependent_territories_in_the_20th_century" title="List of governors of dependent territories in the 20th century">Territorial governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_20th-century_religious_leaders" title="List of 20th-century religious leaders">Religious leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1983_in_law" title="Category:1983 in law">Law</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Birth and death categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1983_births" title="Category:1983 births">Births</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1983_deaths" title="Category:1983 deaths">Deaths</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Establishments and disestablishments categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1983_establishments" title="Category:1983 establishments">Establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1983_disestablishments" title="Category:1983 disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Works category</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1983_works" title="Category:1983 works">Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1983_introductions" title="Category:1983 introductions">Introductions</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C20_year_in_topic" title="Template:C20 year in topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C20_year_in_topic" title="Template talk:C20 year in topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C20_year_in_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:C20 year in topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption style="font-size:125%"><span class="summary dtstart">1983 in various <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendars</a></span></caption><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></td><td>1983<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MCMLXXXIII</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></td><td>2736</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td><td>1432<br />ԹՎ ՌՆԼԲ</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>6733</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_calendar" title="Baháʼí calendar">Baháʼí calendar</a></td><td>139–140</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td>1904–1905</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>1390</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>2933</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">British Regnal year</a></td><td>31 <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Eliz. 2</a> – 32 <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Eliz. 2</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>2527</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>1345</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>7491–7492</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">壬戌</a>年 (Water <a href="/wiki/Dog_(zodiac)" title="Dog (zodiac)">Dog</a>)<br />4680 or 4473<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />癸亥年 (Water <a href="/wiki/Pig_(zodiac)" title="Pig (zodiac)">Pig</a>)<br />4681 or 4474</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>1699–1700</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>3149</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>1975–1976</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>5743–5744</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></i></td><td>2039–2040</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></i></td><td>1904–1905</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i></td><td>5083–5084</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>11983</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td><td>983–984</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>1361–1362</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>1403–1404</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_(1926%E2%80%931989)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shōwa (1926–1989)">Shōwa</a> 58<br />(昭和５８年)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td>1915–1916</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Juche_calendar" title="Juche calendar">Juche calendar</a></td><td>72</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>Gregorian minus 13 days</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>4316</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">ROC</a> 72<br />民國72年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>515</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>2526</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阳水狗年<br />(male Water-<a href="/wiki/Dog_(zodiac)" title="Dog (zodiac)">Dog</a>)<br />2109 or 1728 or 956<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />阴水猪年<br />(female Water-<a href="/wiki/Pig_(zodiac)" title="Pig (zodiac)">Pig</a>)<br />2110 or 1729 or 957</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Unix_time" title="Unix time">Unix time</a></td><td>410227200 – 441763199</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1983" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:1983">1983</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <p><b>1983</b> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MCMLXXXIII</a>) was a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Saturday" title="Common year starting on Saturday">common year starting on Saturday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a>, the 1983rd year of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a> (CE) and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a></i></span> (AD) designations, the 983rd year of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a>, the 83rd year of the <a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a>, and the 4th year of the <a href="/wiki/1980s" title="1980s">1980s</a> decade. </p><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <p>1983 saw both the official beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the first mobile <a href="/wiki/Cellular_telephone" class="mw-redirect" title="Cellular telephone">cellular telephone</a> call. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1119456059">.mw-parser-output .tocnumber{display:none}.mw-parser-output #toc ul,.mw-parser-output .toc ul{line-height:1.5em;list-style:none;margin:.3em 0 0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist #toc ul ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist .toc ul ul{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1097603156">.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-align-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-align-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-align-center{clear:none}.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-align-center .toc{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-clear-right{clear:right}.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-clear-left{clear:left}.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-clear-both{clear:both}.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-clear-none{clear:none}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist horizontal-toc horizontal-toc-align-center toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1983&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January">January</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1983&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: January"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> – The migration of the <a href="/wiki/ARPANET" title="ARPANET">ARPANET</a> to <a href="/wiki/Internet_protocol_suite" title="Internet protocol suite">TCP/IP</a> is officially completed (this is considered to be the beginning of the true <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_24" title="January 24">January 24</a> – Twenty-five members of the <a href="/wiki/Red_Brigades" title="Red Brigades">Red Brigades</a> are sentenced to life imprisonment for the <a href="/wiki/1978" title="1978">1978</a> murder of Italian politician <a href="/wiki/Aldo_Moro" title="Aldo Moro">Aldo Moro</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_25" title="January 25">January 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/IRAS" title="IRAS">IRAS</a> is launched from <a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vandenberg AFB">Vandenberg AFB</a>, to conduct the world's first all-sky <a href="/wiki/Infrared" title="Infrared">infrared</a> survey from space.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_27" title="January 27">January 27</a> – The pilot shaft of the <a href="/wiki/Seikan_Tunnel" title="Seikan Tunnel">Seikan Tunnel</a>, the world's longest sub-aqueous tunnel (53.85 km) in Japan, breaks through.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="February">February</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1983&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: February"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Vigliotto" title="Giovanni Vigliotto">Giovanni Vigliotto</a> goes on trial on charges of <a href="/wiki/Polygamy" title="Polygamy">polygamy</a> involving 105 women.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_3" title="February 3">February 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Prime Minister of Australia</a> <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Fraser" title="Malcolm Fraser">Malcolm Fraser</a> is granted a <a href="/wiki/Double_dissolution" title="Double dissolution">double dissolution</a> of both houses of parliament, for <a href="/wiki/1983_Australian_federal_election" title="1983 Australian federal election">elections on March 5, 1983</a>. As Fraser is being granted the dissolution, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Hayden" title="Bill Hayden">Bill Hayden</a> resigns as leader of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Australian Labor Party</a>, and in the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_spill,_1983" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Labor Party leadership spill, 1983">leadership spill</a> <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hawke" title="Bob Hawke">Bob Hawke</a> is elected as Hayden's successor unopposed.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_5" title="February 5">February 5</a>–<a href="/wiki/February_6" title="February 6">6</a> – The team of <a href="/wiki/A._J._Foyt" title="A. J. Foyt">A. J. Foyt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Preston_Henn" title="Preston Henn">Preston Henn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Wollek" title="Bob Wollek">Bob Wollek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Claude_Ballot-L%C3%A9na" title="Claude Ballot-Léna">Claude Ballot-Léna</a> win the <a href="/wiki/24_Hours_of_Daytona" title="24 Hours of Daytona">24 Hours of Daytona</a> automobile race in a <a href="/wiki/Porsche_935" title="Porsche 935">Porsche 935</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">February 12</a> – 100 women protest in <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>, Pakistan, against military dictator <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq">Zia-ul-Haq</a>'s proposed Law of Evidence. The women are tear-gassed, baton-charged and thrown into lock-up but are successful in repealing the law.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_16" title="February 16">February 16</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday_bushfires" title="Ash Wednesday bushfires">Ash Wednesday bushfires</a> in <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a> claim the lives of 75 people, in one of Australia's worst bushfire disasters.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_18" title="February 18">February 18</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_bol%C3%ADvar" title="Venezuelan bolívar">Venezuelan bolívar</a> is devalued and exchange controls are established in an event now referred to as <i>Black Friday</i> by many Venezuelans (the Bolívar had been the most stable and internationally accepted currency).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (September 2018)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellie_massacre" title="Nellie massacre">Nellie massacre</a>: Over 2,000 people, mostly Bangladeshi Muslims, are massacred in <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a>, India, during the <a href="/wiki/Assam_agitation" class="mw-redirect" title="Assam agitation">Assam agitation</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wah_Mee_massacre" title="Wah Mee massacre">Wah Mee massacre</a>: 13 people are killed in an attempted robbery in the Chinatown area of <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, United States.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_28" title="February 28">February 28</a> – The final episode of the TV series <i><a href="/wiki/M*A*S*H_(TV_series)" title="M*A*S*H (TV series)">M*A*S*H</a></i>, entitled <a href="/wiki/Goodbye,_Farewell_and_Amen" title="Goodbye, Farewell and Amen">Goodbye, Farewell and Amen</a>, airs on <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>, to a total audience of 121.6 million.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="March">March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1983&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_1" title="March 1">March 1</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Balearic_Islands" title="Balearic Islands">Balearic Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid" title="Community of Madrid">Madrid</a> become <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Autonomous communities of Spain</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_5" title="March 5">March 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/1983_Australian_federal_election" title="1983 Australian federal election">Australian federal election</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Labor Party</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hawke" title="Bob Hawke">Bob Hawke</a> defeats the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Australia" title="Liberal Party of Australia">Liberal</a>/<a href="/wiki/National_Party_of_Australia" title="National Party of Australia">National</a> <a href="/wiki/Coalition_(Australia)" title="Coalition (Australia)">Coalition</a> <a href="/wiki/Fraser_government" title="Fraser government">government</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Fraser" title="Malcolm Fraser">Malcolm Fraser</a>. Hawke is to be sworn in on <a href="/wiki/March_11" title="March 11">March 11</a>. As soon as the results become clear, Fraser resigns from the Liberal leadership; he is <a href="/wiki/1983_Liberal_Party_of_Australia_leadership_election" title="1983 Liberal Party of Australia leadership election">replaced</a> by outgoing <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Industry_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for Industry (Australia)">Minister for Industry and Commerce</a> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Peacock" title="Andrew Peacock">Andrew Peacock</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_9" title="March 9">March 9</a> – The <a href="/wiki/3D_printer" class="mw-redirect" title="3D printer">3D printer</a> is invented by <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Hull" title="Chuck Hull">Chuck Hull</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_21" title="March 21">March 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Yamoussoukro" title="Yamoussoukro">Yamoussoukro</a> officially becomes the <a href="/wiki/Cote_d%E2%80%99Ivoire" class="mw-redirect" title="Cote d’Ivoire">Ivorian</a> political capital after transfer from <a href="/wiki/Abidjan" title="Abidjan">Abidjan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April">April</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1983&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: April"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_4" title="April 4">April 4</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger" title="Space Shuttle Challenger">Space Shuttle <i>Challenger</i></a> is launched on its maiden voyage: <a href="/wiki/STS-6" title="STS-6">STS-6</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_11" title="April 11">April 11</a> – Spain's <a href="/wiki/Seve_Ballesteros" title="Seve Ballesteros">Seve Ballesteros</a> won the 47th PGA <a href="/wiki/Masters_Tournament" title="Masters Tournament">Masters Tournament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_18" title="April 18">April 18</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/1983_United_States_embassy_bombing_in_Beirut" class="mw-redirect" title="1983 United States embassy bombing in Beirut">1983 United States embassy bombing in Beirut</a> kills 63 people.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Disney_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="The Disney Channel">The Disney Channel</a> launches in the United States.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_22" title="April 22">April 22</a> – A reactor shutdown due to failure of fuel rods occurs at <a href="/wiki/Kursk_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Kursk Nuclear Power Plant">Kursk Nuclear Power Plant</a>, Russia.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="May">May</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1983&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: May"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_6" title="May 6">May 6</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/Stern_(magazine)" title="Stern (magazine)">Stern</a></i> magazine publishes the "<a href="/wiki/Hitler_Diaries" title="Hitler Diaries">Hitler Diaries</a>" (which are later found to be forgeries).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_11" title="May 11">May 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen_F.C." title="Aberdeen F.C.">Aberdeen F.C.</a> beat <a href="/wiki/Real_Madrid_C.F." class="mw-redirect" title="Real Madrid C.F.">Real Madrid</a> 2–1 (after extra time) to win the <a href="/wiki/1982%E2%80%9383_European_Cup_Winners%27_Cup" title="1982–83 European Cup Winners' Cup">European Cup Winners' Cup in 1983</a> and become only the third <a href="/wiki/Football_in_Scotland" title="Football in Scotland">Scottish</a> side to win a European trophy.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_17" title="May 17">May 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, and the United States sign an <a href="/wiki/May_17_Agreement" title="May 17 Agreement">agreement</a> on Israeli withdrawal from Lebanon.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_20" title="May 20">May 20</a> <ul><li>Two separate research groups led by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gallo" title="Robert Gallo">Robert Gallo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luc_Montagnier" title="Luc Montagnier">Luc Montagnier</a> independently declare that a novel <a href="/wiki/Retrovirus" title="Retrovirus">retrovirus</a> may have been infecting people with <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a>, and publish their findings in the same issue of the journal <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gallo_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gallo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Montagnier_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Montagnier-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Street_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Church Street bombing">Church Street bombing</a>: A car bombing in <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a>, South Africa, kills 19 people. The bomb has been planted by members of <a href="/wiki/Umkhonto_we_Sizwe" class="mw-redirect" title="Umkhonto we Sizwe">Umkhonto we Sizwe</a>, a military wing of the <a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">African National Congress</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_25" title="May 25">May 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hamburger_SV" title="Hamburger SV">Hamburger SV</a> defeat <a href="/wiki/Juventus_FC" title="Juventus FC">Juventus</a> 1–0 in the final of the <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Champions_League" title="UEFA Champions League">European Cup</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_26" title="May 26">May 26</a> – The 7.8 M<sub>w</sub>  <a href="/wiki/1983_Sea_of_Japan_earthquake" title="1983 Sea of Japan earthquake">Sea of Japan earthquake</a> shakes northern <a href="/wiki/Honshu" title="Honshu">Honshu</a> with a maximum <a href="/wiki/Mercalli_intensity_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercalli intensity scale">Mercalli intensity</a> of VIII (<i>Severe</i>). A destructive tsunami is generated that leaves about 100 people dead.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_27" title="May 27">May 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Benton_fireworks_disaster" title="Benton fireworks disaster">Benton fireworks disaster</a>. An explosion at an unlicensed and illegal <a href="/wiki/Fireworks" title="Fireworks">fireworks</a> operation near <a href="/wiki/Benton,_Tennessee" title="Benton, Tennessee">Benton, Tennessee</a>, kills eleven and injures one. The blast is heard within a radius of 20 miles (32 km).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_28" title="May 28">May 28</a> – The <a href="/wiki/9th_G7_summit" title="9th G7 summit">9th G7 summit</a> begins at <a href="/wiki/Williamsburg,_Virginia" title="Williamsburg, Virginia">Williamsburg, Virginia</a>, United States.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="June">June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1983&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_5" title="June 5">June 5</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Second_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="Second Sudanese Civil War">Second Sudanese Civil War</a> begins in <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_9" title="June 9">June 9</a> – Britain's <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> government, led by <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a>, is <a href="/wiki/1983_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1983 United Kingdom general election">re-elected</a> by a landslide majority.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_9" title="June 9">June 9</a>–<a href="/wiki/June_25" title="June 25">25</a> – The <a href="/wiki/1983_Cricket_World_Cup" title="1983 Cricket World Cup">1983 Cricket World Cup</a> is held in England with India defeating West Indies in the final.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_13" title="June 13">June 13</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_10" title="Pioneer 10">Pioneer 10</a></i> passes the orbit of <a href="/wiki/Neptune" title="Neptune">Neptune</a>, becoming the first human-made object to leave the vicinity of the major planets of the <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a>.</li> <li>The first worldwide mobile telephone, the <a href="/wiki/Motorola_DynaTAC" title="Motorola DynaTAC">Motorola DynaTAC</a>, enters the market.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_18" title="June 18">June 18</a> – <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranian</a> teenager <a href="/wiki/Mona_Mahmudnizhad" title="Mona Mahmudnizhad">Mona Mahmudnizhad</a> and nine other women are hanged because they are members of the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a>.</li> <li>Sally Ride's place in history was assured, when she rocketed into space on Challenger's STS-7 mission with four male crewmates.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_18" title="June 18">June 18</a>–<a href="/wiki/June_19" title="June 19">19</a> – The team of <a href="/wiki/Vern_Schuppan" title="Vern Schuppan">Vern Schuppan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Holbert" title="Al Holbert">Al Holbert</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hurley_Haywood" title="Hurley Haywood">Hurley Haywood</a> wins the <a href="/wiki/24_Hours_of_Le_Mans" title="24 Hours of Le Mans">24 Hours of Le Mans</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_22" title="June 22">June 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Disappearance_of_Emanuela_Orlandi" title="Disappearance of Emanuela Orlandi">Emanuela Orlandi</a>, a 15-year-old <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican</a> girl, mysteriously disappears in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> while returning home from a music lesson. The disappearance of the girl led to many speculations involving international terrorism, Italian organized crime, and even a plot inside the Vatican to cover a sexual scandal inside the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>. Because of all these theories, the Orlandi case would later become <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>'s most famous mystery.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_25" title="June 25">June 25</a> – India wins the <a href="/wiki/Cricket_World_Cup" title="Cricket World Cup">Cricket World Cup</a>, defeating the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a> by 43 runs.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_30" title="June 30">June 30</a> – A total loss of <a href="/wiki/Coolant" title="Coolant">coolant</a> occurs at the <a href="/wiki/Embalse_Nuclear_Power_Station" title="Embalse Nuclear Power Station">Embalse Nuclear Power Station</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>. It is classified as an "Accident With Local Consequences" – level 4 on the <a href="/wiki/International_Nuclear_Event_Scale" title="International Nuclear Event Scale">International Nuclear Event Scale</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July">July</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1983&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: July"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> <ul><li>A <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korean</a> <a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-62" title="Ilyushin Il-62">Ilyushin Il-62</a>M jet, en route to Conakry Airport in <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a>, <a href="/wiki/1983_Chosonminhang_Ilyushin_Il-62_crash" title="1983 Chosonminhang Ilyushin Il-62 crash">crashes</a> into the Fouta Djall Mountains of <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a>, killing all 23 people on board.</li> <li>A technical failure causes the release of <a href="/wiki/Iodine-131" title="Iodine-131">iodine-131</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Philippsburg_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Philippsburg Nuclear Power Plant">Philippsburg Nuclear Power Plant</a>, Germany.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_7" title="July 7">July 7</a> – Ten-year-old American girl <a href="/wiki/Samantha_Smith" title="Samantha Smith">Samantha Smith</a> accepts her invitation from Soviet Premier <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Andropov" title="Yuri Andropov">Yuri Andropov</a> and begins her visit to the USSR with her parents.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_11" title="July 11">July 11</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/Reading_Rainbow" title="Reading Rainbow">Reading Rainbow</a></i> debuts on <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_15" title="July 15">July 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a>'s Family Computer, also known as the <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System">Famicom</a>, goes on sale in Japan.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/1983_Orly_Airport_attack" title="1983 Orly Airport attack">Orly Airport attack</a> in Paris leaves eight dead and 55 injured.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">July 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/1983_British_Airways_Sikorsky_S-61_crash" class="mw-redirect" title="1983 British Airways Sikorsky S-61 crash">Sikorsky S-61 disaster</a>: A helicopter crashes off the <a href="/wiki/Isles_of_Scilly" title="Isles of Scilly">Isles of Scilly</a>, causing 20 fatalities.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_20" title="July 20">July 20</a> – The government of Poland announces the end of <a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_Poland" title="Martial law in Poland">martial law</a> and amnesty for political prisoners.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_21" title="July 21">July 21</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Lowest_temperature_recorded_on_Earth" title="Lowest temperature recorded on Earth">lowest temperature on Earth</a> is recorded in <a href="/wiki/Vostok_Station" title="Vostok Station">Vostok Station</a>, Antarctica with −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_22" title="July 22">July 22</a> – Australian <a href="/wiki/Dick_Smith_(entrepreneur)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dick Smith (entrepreneur)">Dick Smith</a> completes his solo <a href="/wiki/Circumnavigation" title="Circumnavigation">circumnavigation</a> of the world in a helicopter.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_23" title="July 23">July 23</a> <ul><li>13 <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Army" title="Sri Lanka Army">Sri Lanka Army</a> soldiers are killed during a <a href="/wiki/Four_Four_Bravo" class="mw-redirect" title="Four Four Bravo">deadly ambush</a> by the militant <a href="/wiki/Liberation_Tigers_of_Tamil_Eelam" title="Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam">Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam</a>, thus beginning the <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="Sri Lankan civil war">Sri Lankan Civil War</a>, which would continue until <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a>.</li> <li>Heavy rain and mudslides in western <a href="/wiki/Shimane_Prefecture" title="Shimane Prefecture">Shimane Prefecture</a>, Japan, kill 117.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_24" title="July 24">July 24</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Black_July" title="Black July">Black July</a> anti-Tamil riots begin in <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>, killing between 400 and 3,000 <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Tamils" title="Sri Lankan Tamils">Sri Lankan Tamils</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hill-country_Tamils" class="mw-redirect" title="Hill-country Tamils">Hill-country Tamils</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="August">August</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1983&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: August"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_4" title="August 4">August 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sankara" title="Thomas Sankara">Thomas Sankara</a> becomes President of <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Upper_Volta" title="Republic of Upper Volta">Upper Volta</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_18" title="August 18">August 18</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Alicia" title="Hurricane Alicia">Hurricane Alicia</a> hits the <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> coast, killing 22 and causing over US $3.8 billion (<a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a> dollars) in damage.</li> <li>Five people are killed and 18 others injured when a road train is deliberately driven into a motel at <a href="/wiki/Uluru" title="Uluru">Ayers Rock</a> in the Northern Territory of Australia (the driver, Douglas Edward Crabbe, is convicted in <a href="/wiki/March" title="March">March</a> <a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984</a>).</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_21" title="August 21">August 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Benigno Aquino Jr.">Benigno Aquino Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> opposition leader, is <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Benigno_Aquino,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Assassination of Benigno Aquino, Jr.">assassinated</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> just as he returns from exile.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_26" title="August 26">August 26</a> – Heavy rain triggers flooding at <a href="/wiki/Bilbao" title="Bilbao">Bilbao</a>, Spain, and surrounding areas, killing 44 people and causing millions in damages.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="September">September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1983&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">September 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_007" title="Korean Air Lines Flight 007">Korean Air Lines Flight 007</a> is shot down by <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Air Force">Soviet Union Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-15" title="Sukhoi Su-15">Su-15 Flagon</a> pilot Major Gennadi Osipovich near <a href="/wiki/Moneron_Island" title="Moneron Island">Moneron Island</a> when the commercial aircraft enters Soviet airspace. All 269 on board are killed, including U.S. Congressman <a href="/wiki/Larry_McDonald" title="Larry McDonald">Larry McDonald</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_6" title="September 6">September 6</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> admits to shooting down <a href="/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_007" title="Korean Air Lines Flight 007">Korean Air Lines Flight 007</a>, stating that the pilots did not know it was a civilian aircraft when it violated Soviet airspace.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_19" title="September 19">September 19</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a> becomes an independent state.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Press_Your_Luck" title="Press Your Luck">Press Your Luck</a></i> premieres on <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_23" title="September 23">September 23</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Air_Flight_771" title="Gulf Air Flight 771">Gulf Air Flight 771</a> crashes in the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> after a bomb explodes in the baggage compartment, killing 117.</li> <li>Violence erupts in <a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a> between native <a href="/wiki/Kanak_people" title="Kanak people">Kanaks</a> and French expatriates. The French government withdraws the promise of <a href="/wiki/Independence" title="Independence">independence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_26" title="September 26">September 26</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1983_Soviet_nuclear_false_alarm_incident" title="1983 Soviet nuclear false alarm incident">1983 Soviet nuclear false alarm incident</a>: Soviet military officer <a href="/wiki/Stanislav_Petrov" title="Stanislav Petrov">Stanislav Petrov</a> averts a worldwide nuclear war by correctly identifying a warning of attack by U.S. missiles as a <a href="/wiki/False_alarm" title="False alarm">false alarm</a>.</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_T-10-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz T-10-1">Soyuz T-10-1</a></i> mission ends in a pad abort at the <a href="/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome" title="Baikonur Cosmodrome">Baikonur Cosmodrome</a>, when a pad fire occurs at the base of the <a href="/wiki/Soyuz_U" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz U">Soyuz U</a> rocket during the launch countdown. The escape tower system, attached to the top of the capsule containing the crew and <a href="/wiki/Soyuz_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz spacecraft">Soyuz spacecraft</a>, fires immediately, pulling the crew safe from the vehicle a few seconds before the rocket explodes, destroying the launch complex.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Atari_video_game_burial" title="Atari video game burial">mass burial</a> of around 700,000 unsold <a href="/wiki/Atari" title="Atari">Atari</a> video game cartridges, consoles, and computers occurs in <a href="/wiki/Alamogordo" class="mw-redirect" title="Alamogordo">Alamogordo</a>, New Mexico.</li> <li>The Australian <a href="/wiki/Yacht" title="Yacht">yacht</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Australia_II" title="Australia II">Australia II</a></i> wins the <a href="/wiki/1983_America%27s_Cup" title="1983 America's Cup">America's Cup</a>, the first successful challenge to the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Yacht_Club" title="New York Yacht Club">New York Yacht Club</a>'s 132-year defence of the <a href="/wiki/Sailing_(sport)" title="Sailing (sport)">sailing</a> trophy.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_27" title="September 27">September 27</a> – The <a href="/wiki/GNU_Project" title="GNU Project">GNU Project</a> is announced publicly on the net.unix-wizards and net.usoft <a href="/wiki/Newsgroup" class="mw-redirect" title="Newsgroup">newsgroups</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October">October</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1983&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_2" title="October 2">October 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Neil_Kinnock" title="Neil Kinnock">Neil Kinnock</a> is elected leader of the British <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_4" title="October 4">October 4</a> – British entrepreneur <a href="/wiki/Richard_Noble" title="Richard Noble">Richard Noble</a> sets a new <a href="/wiki/Land_speed_record" title="Land speed record">land speed record</a> of 633.468 mph (1,019.468 km/h), driving <a href="/wiki/Thrust2" title="Thrust2">Thrust2</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Black_Rock_Desert" title="Black Rock Desert">Black Rock Desert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_9" title="October 9">October 9</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Rangoon_bombing" title="Rangoon bombing">Rangoon bombing</a> kills South Korea's Foreign Minister, <a href="/wiki/Lee_Beom-seok_(foreign_minister)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lee Beom-seok (foreign minister)">Lee Bum Suk</a>, and 21 others. The perpetrators are believed to be <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Koreans</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_12" title="October 12">October 12</a> – Japan's former Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Kakuei_Tanaka" title="Kakuei Tanaka">Kakuei Tanaka</a> is found guilty of taking a $2 million bribe from <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Corporation" title="Lockheed Corporation">Lockheed</a>, and sentenced to 4 years in jail.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_13" title="October 13">October 13</a> – The world's first commercial mobile cellular telephone call is made, in Chicago, United States.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_19" title="October 19">October 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Bishop" title="Maurice Bishop">Maurice Bishop</a>, Prime Minister of <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a>, and 40 others are assassinated in a military coup.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_21" title="October 21">October 21</a> – At the 17th General Conference on Weights and Measures, the metre is defined in terms of the <a href="/wiki/Speed_of_light" title="Speed of light">speed of light</a> as the distance light travels in a <a href="/wiki/Vacuum" title="Vacuum">vacuum</a> in 1/299,792,458 of a second.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_23" title="October 23">October 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/1983_Beirut_barracks_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="1983 Beirut barracks bombing">Beirut barracks bombing</a>: Simultaneous suicide truck-bombings destroy both the French Army and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">United States Marine Corps</a> barracks in <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>, killing 241 U.S. servicemen, 58 French paratroopers and 6 Lebanese civilians.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_25" title="October 25">October 25</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Grenada" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Grenada">Invasion of Grenada</a> by United States troops at the behest of <a href="/wiki/Eugenia_Charles" title="Eugenia Charles">Eugenia Charles</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a>, a member of the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">Organization of American States</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Word_processor" title="Word processor">Word processor</a> software <i>Multi-Tool Word</i>, soon to become <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word" title="Microsoft Word">Microsoft Word</a>, is released<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the United States. It is primarily the work of programmers <a href="/wiki/Richard_Brodie_(programmer)" title="Richard Brodie (programmer)">Richard Brodie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Simonyi" title="Charles Simonyi">Charles Simonyi</a>. Free demonstration copies on disk are distributed with the November issue of <i><a href="/wiki/PC_World" title="PC World">PC World</a></i> magazine.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_30" title="October 30">October 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/1983_Argentine_general_election" title="1983 Argentine general election">Argentine general election</a>: The first democratic elections in <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> after seven years of <a href="/wiki/National_Reorganization_Process" title="National Reorganization Process">military rule</a> are held.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="November">November</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1983&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: November"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_2" title="November 2">November 2</a> – South Africa approves a <a href="/wiki/Tricameral_Parliament" title="Tricameral Parliament">new constitution</a> granting limited political rights to <a href="/wiki/Coloured" class="mw-redirect" title="Coloured">Coloureds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asian_South_African" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian South African">Asians</a> as part of a series of reforms to <a href="/wiki/South_Africa_under_apartheid" class="mw-redirect" title="South Africa under apartheid">apartheid</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_3" title="November 3">November 3</a> – Commencement of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tripoli_(1983)" title="Battle of Tripoli (1983)">battle of Tripoli</a> between <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Arafat</a> loyalists and <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">PLO</a> dissidents.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_5" title="November 5">November 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Byford_Dolphin" title="Byford Dolphin">Byford Dolphin</a> rig diving bell accident: Off the coast of Norway, 5 divers are killed and 1 is severely wounded in an <a href="/wiki/Uncontrolled_decompression" title="Uncontrolled decompression">explosive decompression</a> accident.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">November 7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Able_Archer_83" title="Able Archer 83">Able Archer 83</a>: Many Soviet officials misinterpret this <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> exercise as a nuclear <a href="/wiki/Pre-emptive_nuclear_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-emptive nuclear strike">first strike</a>, causing the last nuclear scare of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_U.S._Senate_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="1983 U.S. Senate bombing">1983 U.S. Senate bombing</a> A bomb explodes in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> with the intent to kill <a href="/wiki/United_States_Republican_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Republican Party">Republican</a> senators; no one is injured. The perpetrators are members of the <a href="/wiki/May_19th_Communist_Organization" title="May 19th Communist Organization">May 19th Communist Organization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_11" title="November 11">November 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> becomes the first U.S. president to address the <a href="/wiki/National_Diet" title="National Diet">National Diet</a>, Japan's national legislature.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_13" title="November 13">November 13</a> – The first United States <a href="/wiki/Cruise_missile" title="Cruise missile">cruise missiles</a> arrive at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Greenham_Common" title="RAF Greenham Common">RAF Greenham Common</a> in the UK amid protests from peace campaigners.<sup id="cite_ref-Nordheimer_1983_p154_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nordheimer_1983_p154-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_14" title="November 14">November 14</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Immunosuppressant" class="mw-redirect" title="Immunosuppressant">immunosuppressant</a> <a href="/wiki/Cyclosporine" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclosporine">cyclosporine</a> is approved by the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">FDA</a>, leading to a revolution in the field of transplantation.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_15" title="November 15">November 15</a> – The Turkish part of <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> declares independence.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_17" title="November 17">November 17</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Zapatista_Army_of_National_Liberation" title="Zapatista Army of National Liberation">Zapatista Army of National Liberation</a> is founded in Mexico.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_19" title="November 19">November 19</a> – An attempted <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_hijacking" title="Aircraft hijacking">hijacking</a> of <a href="/wiki/Aeroflot_Flight_6833" title="Aeroflot Flight 6833">Aeroflot Flight 6833</a> in <a href="/wiki/Georgian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian SSR">Soviet Georgia</a> results in several dead and wounded.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_20" title="November 20">November 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> aired the most watched and controversial TV movie, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Day_After" title="The Day After">The Day After</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_27" title="November 27">November 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombian</a> <a href="/wiki/Avianca_Flight_011" title="Avianca Flight 011">Avianca Flight 011</a> crashes near <a href="/wiki/Barajas_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Barajas Airport">Barajas Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, Spain, killing 181 of the 192 on board.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="December">December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1983&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_4" title="December 4">December 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1983_Venezuelan_general_election" title="1983 Venezuelan general election">General elections</a> are celebrated in <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> in which the opposition party, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Action_(Venezuela)" title="Democratic Action (Venezuela)">Democratic Action</a>, wins a majority in both chambers of the Venezuelan Congress and the presidency for the 1984–1989 period under <a href="/wiki/Jaime_Lusinchi" title="Jaime Lusinchi">Jaime Lusinchi</a>. Voter turnout is 87.3% and Lusinchi obtains 58.4% of the votes.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_eclipse_of_December_4,_1983" title="Solar eclipse of December 4, 1983">Solar eclipse of December 4, 1983</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_5" title="December 5">December 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/ICIMOD" class="mw-redirect" title="ICIMOD">ICIMOD</a> is established and inaugurated with its headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Kathmandu" title="Kathmandu">Kathmandu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, and legitimised through an Act of Parliament in Nepal this same year.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_7" title="December 7">December 7</a> – Two Spanish passenger planes collide on the foggy runway at a <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> airport, killing 90 people.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_9" title="December 9">December 9</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Australian_dollar" title="Australian dollar">Australian dollar</a> is floated by Federal treasurer <a href="/wiki/Paul_Keating" title="Paul Keating">Paul Keating</a>. Under the old flexible peg system, the Reserve Bank bought and sold all Australian dollars and cleared the market at the end of the day. This initiative is taken by the government of <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hawke" title="Bob Hawke">Bob Hawke</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_10" title="December 10">December 10</a> – Military rule ends and <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democracy</a> is restored in <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, with the beginning of <a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Alfons%C3%ADn" title="Raúl Alfonsín">Raúl Alfonsín</a>'s first term as <a href="/wiki/President_of_Argentina" title="President of Argentina">President of Argentina</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_13" title="December 13">December 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Turgut_%C3%96zal" title="Turgut Özal">Turgut Özal</a>, of <a href="/wiki/Motherland_Party_(Turkey)" title="Motherland Party (Turkey)">ANAP</a> forms the new government of <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> (45th government); beginning a new civilian regime.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_17" title="December 17">December 17</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Alcal%C3%A1_20_nightclub_fire" title="Alcalá 20 nightclub fire">Alcalá 20 nightclub fire</a> in <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, Spain, injuring 47 and killing 83 people.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrods_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="Harrods bombings">Harrods bombings</a>: a <a href="/wiki/Provisional_IRA" class="mw-redirect" title="Provisional IRA">Provisional IRA</a> car bomb kills 6 people and injures 90 outside <a href="/wiki/Harrods" title="Harrods">Harrods</a> department store in London.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_19" title="December 19">December 19</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Jules_Rimet_Trophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Jules Rimet Trophy">Jules Rimet Trophy</a> is stolen from the Brazilian Soccer Confederation building in <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>. As of 2022<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1983&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the trophy has not been recovered.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_27" title="December 27">December 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> visits <a href="/wiki/Rebibbia_prison" class="mw-redirect" title="Rebibbia prison">Rebibbia prison</a> to forgive his would-be assassin <a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Ali_A%C4%9Fca" title="Mehmet Ali Ağca">Mehmet Ali Ağca</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_31" title="December 31">December 31</a> – Two bombs explode in France: one on a Paris train kills three and injures 19; the other at Marseille station kills two and injures 34.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1983&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Kohr" title="Leopold Kohr">Leopold Kohr</a>, the people of <a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Belau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amory_Lovins" title="Amory Lovins">Amory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hunter_Lovins" title="Hunter Lovins">Hunter Lovins</a>/<a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Rocky Mountain Institute">Rocky Mountain Institute</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Max_Neef" class="mw-redirect" title="Manfred Max Neef">Manfred Max Neef</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=CEPAUR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CEPAUR (page does not exist)">CEPAUR</a> win the <a href="/wiki/Right_Livelihood_Award" title="Right Livelihood Award">Right Livelihood Award</a>.</li> <li>The meteorological <a href="/wiki/1982%E2%80%9383_El_Ni%C3%B1o_event" title="1982–83 El Niño event">1982–83 El Niño event</a> causes severe weather worldwide.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births_and_deaths">Births and deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1983&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Births and deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main pages: <a href="/wiki/Category:1983_births" title="Category:1983 births">Category:1983 births</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deaths_in_1983" title="Deaths in 1983">Deaths in 1983</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nobel_Prizes">Nobel Prizes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1983&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Nobel Prizes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nobel_medal.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Nobel_medal.png/100px-Nobel_medal.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Nobel_medal.png/150px-Nobel_medal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Nobel_medal.png/200px-Nobel_medal.png 2x" data-file-width="1013" data-file-height="1013" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a> – <a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Alfred_Fowler" title="William Alfred Fowler">William Alfred Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Taube" title="Henry Taube">Henry Taube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Medicine</a> – <a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">Barbara McClintock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Golding" title="William Golding">William Golding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Economics</a> – <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Debreu" title="Gérard Debreu">Gérard Debreu</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1983&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.circleid.com/posts/a_closer_look_at_the_controversy_over_the_internets_birthday_you_decide">"A Closer Look At The Controversy Over The Internet's Birthday! You Decide"</a>. circleid.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 23,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Closer+Look+At+The+Controversy+Over+The+Internet%27s+Birthday%21+You+Decide&rft.pub=circleid.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.circleid.com%2Fposts%2Fa_closer_look_at_the_controversy_over_the_internets_birthday_you_decide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1983" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParry2001" class="citation book cs1">Parry, Robert (2001). <i>The map library in the new millennium</i>. Chicago; London: American Library Association Library Association Pub. p. 90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780838935187" title="Special:BookSources/9780838935187"><bdi>9780838935187</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+map+library+in+the+new+millennium&rft.place=Chicago%3B+London&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=American+Library+Association+Library+Association+Pub&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780838935187&rft.aulast=Parry&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1983" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCholachat_RujikiatkamjornBuddhima_IndraratnaJian_Chu2005" class="citation book cs1">Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn; Buddhima Indraratna; Jian Chu (November 7, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_XI7PXtdQMEC&pg=PA354"><i>Ground Improvement: Case Histories</i></a>. Elsevier. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-08-045736-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-08-045736-9"><bdi>978-0-08-045736-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ground+Improvement%3A+Case+Histories&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2005-11-07&rft.isbn=978-0-08-045736-9&rft.au=Cholachat+Rujikiatkamjorn&rft.au=Buddhima+Indraratna&rft.au=Jian+Chu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_XI7PXtdQMEC%26pg%3DPA354&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1983" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Archives/1983/02/19/13-slain-in-Chinatown-gambling-club-robbery-2-suspects-in-custody/3467414478800/">"13 slain in Chinatown gambling club robbery; 2 suspects in custody"</a>. UPI. February 19, 1983<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 22,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=13+slain+in+Chinatown+gambling+club+robbery%3B+2+suspects+in+custody&rft.date=1983-02-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FArchives%2F1983%2F02%2F19%2F13-slain-in-Chinatown-gambling-club-robbery-2-suspects-in-custody%2F3467414478800%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1983" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://3dprint.com/72171/first-3d-printer-chuck-hull/">"You Can Now See the First Ever 3D Printer—Invented by Chuck Hull—In the National Inventors Hall of Fame"</a>. <i>3DPrint.com</i>. June 10, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=3DPrint.com&rft.atitle=You+Can+Now+See+the+First+Ever+3D+Printer%E2%80%94Invented+by+Chuck+Hull%E2%80%94In+the+National+Inventors+Hall+of+Fame&rft.date=2015-06-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F3dprint.com%2F72171%2Ffirst-3d-printer-chuck-hull%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1983" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlackburn1983" class="citation news cs1">Blackburn, Peter (May 28, 1983). "New capital grows in rural Africa: PETER BLACKBURN reports on Yamoussoukro's dramatic promotion from an obscure village buried in the bush to the capital of the Ivory Coast". <i>South China Morning Post</i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/1553829422">1553829422</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=New+capital+grows+in+rural+Africa%3A+PETER+BLACKBURN+reports+on+Yamoussoukro%27s+dramatic+promotion+from+an+obscure+village+buried+in+the+bush+to+the+capital+of+the+Ivory+Coast&rft.date=1983-05-28&rft.aulast=Blackburn&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1983" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gallo-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gallo_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRC_GalloPS_SarinEP_GelmannM_Robert-Guroff1983" class="citation journal cs1">RC Gallo; PS Sarin; EP Gelmann; M Robert-Guroff; E Richardson; VS Kalyanaraman; D Mann; GD Sidhu; RE Stahl; S Zolla-Pazner; J Leibowitch; M Popovic (1983). "Isolation of human T-cell leukemia virus in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)". <i>Science</i>. <b>220</b> (4599): 865–867. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983Sci...220..865G">1983Sci...220..865G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.6601823">10.1126/science.6601823</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6601823">6601823</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+human+T-cell+leukemia+virus+in+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndrome+%28AIDS%29&rft.volume=220&rft.issue=4599&rft.pages=865-867&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F6601823&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.6601823&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1983Sci...220..865G&rft.au=RC+Gallo&rft.au=PS+Sarin&rft.au=EP+Gelmann&rft.au=M+Robert-Guroff&rft.au=E+Richardson&rft.au=VS+Kalyanaraman&rft.au=D+Mann&rft.au=GD+Sidhu&rft.au=RE+Stahl&rft.au=S+Zolla-Pazner&rft.au=J+Leibowitch&rft.au=M+Popovic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1983" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Montagnier-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Montagnier_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarre-SinoussiChermannReyNugeyre1983" class="citation journal cs1">Barre-Sinoussi, F.; Chermann, J.; Rey, F.; Nugeyre, M.; Chamaret, S.; Gruest, J.; Dauguet, C.; Axler-Blin, C.; Vézinet-Brun, F.; Rouzioux, C.; Rozenbaum, W.; Montagnier, L. (1983). "Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)". <i>Science</i>. <b>220</b> (4599): 868–871. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983Sci...220..868B">1983Sci...220..868B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.6189183">10.1126/science.6189183</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6189183">6189183</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:390173">390173</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+a+T-lymphotropic+retrovirus+from+a+patient+at+risk+for+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndrome+%28AIDS%29&rft.volume=220&rft.issue=4599&rft.pages=868-871&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.6189183&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A390173%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F6189183&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1983Sci...220..868B&rft.aulast=Barre-Sinoussi&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Chermann%2C+J.&rft.au=Rey%2C+F.&rft.au=Nugeyre%2C+M.&rft.au=Chamaret%2C+S.&rft.au=Gruest%2C+J.&rft.au=Dauguet%2C+C.&rft.au=Axler-Blin%2C+C.&rft.au=V%C3%A9zinet-Brun%2C+F.&rft.au=Rouzioux%2C+C.&rft.au=Rozenbaum%2C+W.&rft.au=Montagnier%2C+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1983" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldfootball.net/report/champions-league-1982-1983-endspiel-hamburger-sv-juventus/">"Champions League 1982/1983 » Final » Hamburger SV - Juventus 1:0"</a>. <i>worldfootball.net</i>. May 25, 1983.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=worldfootball.net&rft.atitle=Champions+League+1982%2F1983+%C2%BB+Final+%C2%BB+Hamburger+SV+-+Juventus+1%3A0&rft.date=1983-05-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldfootball.net%2Freport%2Fchampions-league-1982-1983-endspiel-hamburger-sv-juventus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1983" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1314&dat=19830530&id=5O0vAAAAIBAJ&pg=6978,8211234">"Fireworks suspect charged with deaths"</a>. <i>ay 3news.google.com</i>. <a href="/wiki/The_Spokesman-Review" title="The Spokesman-Review">The Spokesman-Review</a>. May 30, 1983<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ay+3news.google.com&rft.atitle=Fireworks+suspect+charged+with+deaths&rft.date=1983-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1314%26dat%3D19830530%26id%3D5O0vAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6978%2C8211234&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1983" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/9/newsid_2500000/2500847.stm">"1983: Thatcher wins landslide victory"</a>. June 9, 1983 – via news.bbc.co.uk.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=1983%3A+Thatcher+wins+landslide+victory&rft.date=1983-06-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fjune%2F9%2Fnewsid_2500000%2F2500847.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1983" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KunY5Mu_zhMC&pg=PA277"><i>Treaties in Force: A List of Treaties and Other International Acts of the United States in Force on .</i></a> U.S. Government Printing Office. 2006. p. 277.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Treaties+in+Force%3A+A+List+of+Treaties+and+Other+International+Acts+of+the+United+States+in+Force+on+..&rft.pages=277&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKunY5Mu_zhMC%26pg%3DPA277&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1983" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAldrich1993" class="citation book cs1">Aldrich, Robert (1993). <i>The Crisis in New Caledonia in the 1980s. In: France and the South Pacific since 1940</i>. Palgrave Macmillan, London. p. 242. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-10830-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-10830-5"><bdi>978-1-349-10830-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crisis+in+New+Caledonia+in+the+1980s.+In%3A+France+and+the+South+Pacific+since+1940.&rft.pages=242&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan%2C+London&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-1-349-10830-5&rft.aulast=Aldrich&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1983" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoward1986" class="citation book cs1">Howard, Geoffrey (1986). <i>Automobile aerodynamics : theory and practice for road and track</i>. London Osceola, Wis., USA: Osprey for Motorbooks International. p. 53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780850456653" title="Special:BookSources/9780850456653"><bdi>9780850456653</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Automobile+aerodynamics+%3A+theory+and+practice+for+road+and+track&rft.place=London+Osceola%2C+Wis.%2C+USA&rft.pages=53&rft.pub=Osprey+for+Motorbooks+International&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=9780850456653&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1983" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thenextweb.com/news/call-history-witness-the-first-commercial-cellular-phone-call-being-made-in-1983">"Witness the First Commercial Cellular Call Being Made in 1983"</a>. April 17, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Witness+the+First+Commercial+Cellular+Call+Being+Made+in+1983&rft.date=2013-04-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthenextweb.com%2Fnews%2Fcall-history-witness-the-first-commercial-cellular-phone-call-being-made-in-1983&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1983" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen2001" class="citation book cs1">Allen, Roy A. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/download/A_History_of_the_Personal_Computer/eBook12.pdf">"Chapter 12: Microsoft in the 1980s"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/A_History_of_the_Personal_Computer"><i>A History of the Personal Computer: the People and the Technology</i></a>. Allan Publishing. pp. 12/25–12/26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9689108-0-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9689108-0-1"><bdi>978-0-9689108-0-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://archive.org/download/A_History_of_the_Personal_Computer/eBook12.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 7,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+12%3A+Microsoft+in+the+1980s&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Personal+Computer%3A+the+People+and+the+Technology&rft.pages=12%2F25-12%2F26&rft.pub=Allan+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-9689108-0-1&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Roy+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdownload%2FA_History_of_the_Personal_Computer%2FeBook12.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1983" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511074037/http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/help/HA101996251033.aspx">"Microsoft Office online, Getting to know you...again: The Ribbon"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/help/HA101996251033.aspx">the original</a> on May 11, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 8,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Microsoft+Office+online%2C+Getting+to+know+you...again%3A+The+Ribbon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foffice.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fhelp%2FHA101996251033.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1983" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090528002301/http://www.historyofbranding.com/microsoft.html">"The history of branding, Microsoft history"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyofbranding.com/microsoft.html">the original</a> on May 28, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 8,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+history+of+branding%2C+Microsoft+history&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyofbranding.com%2Fmicrosoft.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1983" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPollack1983" class="citation news cs1">Pollack, Andrew (August 25, 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1983/08/25/business/technologyandrew-pollack-computerizing-magazines.html">"Computerizing Magazines"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110512095456/http://www.nytimes.com/1983/08/25/business/technologyandrew-pollack-computerizing-magazines.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 12, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 8,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Computerizing+Magazines&rft.date=1983-08-25&rft.aulast=Pollack&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1983%2F08%2F25%2Fbusiness%2Ftechnologyandrew-pollack-computerizing-magazines.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1983" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTreaster1983" class="citation news cs1">Treaster, Joseph B. (November 4, 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1983/11/04/world/arafat-says-syria-and-libya-have-joined-tripoli-battle.html">"ARAFAT SAYS SYRIA AND LIBYA HAVE JOINED TRIPOLI BATTLE"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=ARAFAT+SAYS+SYRIA+AND+LIBYA+HAVE+JOINED+TRIPOLI+BATTLE&rft.date=1983-11-04&rft.aulast=Treaster&rft.aufirst=Joseph+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1983%2F11%2F04%2Fworld%2Farafat-says-syria-and-libya-have-joined-tripoli-battle.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1983" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrederick_S._Calhoun1998" class="citation book cs1">Frederick S. Calhoun (1998). <i>Hunters and Howlers: Threats and Violence Against Federal Judicial Officials in the United States, 1789-1993</i>. U.S. Department of Justice, U.S. Marshals Service. p. 15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hunters+and+Howlers%3A+Threats+and+Violence+Against+Federal+Judicial+Officials+in+the+United+States%2C+1789-1993&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+Justice%2C+U.S.+Marshals+Service&rft.date=1998&rft.au=Frederick+S.+Calhoun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1983" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nordheimer_1983_p154-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nordheimer_1983_p154_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNordheimer1983" class="citation web cs1">Nordheimer, Jon (November 15, 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1983/11/15/world/first-us-missiles-arrive-by-plane-at-a-british-base.html">"FIRST U.S. MISSILES ARRIVE BY PLANE AT A BRITISH BASE"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 8,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=FIRST+U.S.+MISSILES+ARRIVE+BY+PLANE+AT+A+BRITISH+BASE&rft.date=1983-11-15&rft.aulast=Nordheimer&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1983%2F11%2F15%2Fworld%2Ffirst-us-missiles-arrive-by-plane-at-a-british-base.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1983" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1983</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1983" class="mw-redirect" title="January 1983">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1983" class="mw-redirect" title="February 1983">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1983" class="mw-redirect" title="March 1983">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1983" class="mw-redirect" title="April 1983">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1983" class="mw-redirect" title="May 1983">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1983" class="mw-redirect" title="June 1983">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1983" class="mw-redirect" title="July 1983">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1983" class="mw-redirect" title="August 1983">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1983" class="mw-redirect" title="September 1983">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1983" class="mw-redirect" title="October 1983">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1983" class="mw-redirect" title="November 1983">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1983" class="mw-redirect" title="December 1983">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1982" title="1982">1982</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1982" class="mw-redirect" title="January 1982">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1982" class="mw-redirect" title="February 1982">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1982" class="mw-redirect" title="March 1982">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1982" class="mw-redirect" title="April 1982">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1982" title="May 1982">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1982" class="mw-redirect" title="June 1982">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1982" class="mw-redirect" title="July 1982">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1982" class="mw-redirect" title="August 1982">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1982" class="mw-redirect" title="September 1982">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1982" class="mw-redirect" title="October 1982">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1982" class="mw-redirect" title="November 1982">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1982" class="mw-redirect" title="December 1982">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1981" title="1981">1981</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1981" title="January 1981">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1981" title="February 1981">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1981" title="March 1981">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1981" title="April 1981">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1981" title="May 1981">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1981" title="June 1981">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1981" title="July 1981">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1981" title="August 1981">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1981" title="September 1981">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1981" title="October 1981">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1981" title="November 1981">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1981" title="December 1981">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1980" title="January 1980">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1980" title="February 1980">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1980" title="March 1980">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1980" title="April 1980">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1980" title="May 1980">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1980" title="June 1980">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1980" title="July 1980">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1980" title="August 1980">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1980" title="September 1980">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1980" title="October 1980">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1980" title="November 1980">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1980" title="December 1980">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1979" title="January 1979">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1979" title="February 1979">Feb</a></li> <li><a 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