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Abdel-Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nadia%20R.%20A.%20Nassar"> Nadia R. A. Nassar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yehia%20A.%20Heikal"> Yehia A. Heikal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mahmoud%20A.%20M.%20Abou-Donia"> Mahmoud A. M. Abou-Donia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamed%20M.%20Naguib"> Mohamed M. Naguib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamed%20Fadel"> Mohamed Fadel </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Cane molasses is used as a raw material for the production of baker’s yeast (<em>Saccharomyces</em> <em>cerevisiae</em>) in Egypt. The high levels of heavy metals in molasses cause a critical problem during fermentation and cause various kinds of technological difficulties (yield and quality of yeast become lower). The aim of the present study was to determine heavy metal concentrations (cadmium, nickel, lead, and copper) in crude and treated molasses obtained from the storage tanks of the baker’s yeast factory through four seasons. Also, the effect of crude molasses treatment by different methods (at laboratory scale) on heavy metals reduction and its comparison with factory treated molasses were conducted. The molasses samples obtained at autumn season had the highest values of all the studied heavy metals. The molasses treated by cation exchange resin then sulfuric acid had the lowest concentrations of heavy metals compared with other treatments.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Molasses" title="Molasses">Molasses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=baker%E2%80%99s%20yeast" title=" baker鈥檚 yeast"> baker鈥檚 yeast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=heavy%20metals" title=" heavy metals"> heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=treatment." title=" treatment."> treatment.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004714/effect-of-different-treatments-on-heavy-metal-concentration-in-sugar-cane-molasses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004714/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004714/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004714/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004714/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004714/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004714/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004714/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004714/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004714/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004714/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004714.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2513</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Optimization of Molasses Desugarization Process Using Steffen Method in Sugar Beet Factories</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Simin%20Asadollahi">Simin Asadollahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammad%20Hossein%20Haddad%20Khodaparast"> Mohammad Hossein Haddad Khodaparast</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Molasses is one of the most important by-products in sugar industry, which contains a large amount of sucrose. The routine way to separate the sucrose from molasses is using steffen method. Whereas this method is very usual in sugar factories, the aim of this research is optimization of this method. Mentioned optimization depends to three factors of reactor alkality, reactor temperature and diluted molasses brix. Accordingly, three different stages must be done:</p> <ol> <li>Construction of a pilot plant similar to actual steffen system in sugar factories</li> <li>Experimenting using the pilot plant</li> <li>Laboratory analysis</li> </ol> <p>These experiences included 27 treatments in three replications. In each replication, brix, polarization and purity characters in Saccharate syrup and hot and cold waste were measured. The results showed that diluted molasses brix, reactor alkality and reactor temperature had many significant effects on Saccharate purity and efficiency of molasses desugarization. This research was performed in "randomize complete design" form & was analyzed with "duncan multiple range test". The significant difference in the level of α = 5% is observed between the treatments. The results indicated that the optimal conditions for molasses desugarization by steffen method are: diluted molasses brix= 10, reactor alkality= 10 and reactor temperature=8藲C. </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Molasses%20desugarization" title="Molasses desugarization">Molasses desugarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Saccharate%20purity" title=" Saccharate purity"> Saccharate purity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Steffen%20process." title=" Steffen process."> Steffen process.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996576/optimization-of-molasses-desugarization-process-using-steffen-method-in-sugar-beet-factories" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996576/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996576/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996576/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996576/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996576/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996576/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996576/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996576/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996576/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996576/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996576.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3022</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Effect of Fermentation Time on Xanthan Gum Production from Sugar Beet Molasses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Marzieh%20Moosavi-%20Nasab">Marzieh Moosavi- Nasab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Safoora%20Pashangeh"> Safoora Pashangeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Maryam%20Rafsanjani"> Maryam Rafsanjani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Xanthan gum is a microbial polysaccharide of great commercial significance. The purpose of this study was to select the optimum fermentation time for xanthan gum production by Xanthomonas campestris (NRRL-B-1459) using 10% sugar beet molasses as a carbon source. The pre-heating of sugar beet molasses and the supplementation of the medium were investigated in order to improve xanthan gum production. Maximum xanthan gum production in fermentation media (9.02 g/l) was observed after 4 days shaking incubation at 25掳C and 240 rpm agitation speed. A solution of 10% sucrose was used as a control medium. Results indicated that the optimum period for xanthan gum production in this condition was 4 days. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Biomass" title="Biomass">Biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Molasses" title=" Molasses"> Molasses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Xanthan%20gum" title=" Xanthan gum"> Xanthan gum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Xanthomonascampestris" title=" Xanthomonascampestris"> Xanthomonascampestris</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/527/effect-of-fermentation-time-on-xanthan-gum-production-from-sugar-beet-molasses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/527/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/527/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/527/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/527/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/527/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/527/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/527/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/527/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/527/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/527/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/527.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3755</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> The Cadmium Adsorption Study by Using Seyitomer Fly Ash, Diatomite and Molasses in Wastewater</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Tugrul">N. Tugrul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=E.%20Moroydor%20Derun"> E. Moroydor Derun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=E.%20Cinar"> E. Cinar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20S.%20Kipcak"> A. S. Kipcak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Baran%20Acarali"> N. Baran Acarali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Piskin"> S. Piskin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Fly ash is an important waste, produced in thermal power plants which causes very important environmental pollutions. For this reason the usage and evaluation the fly ash in various areas are very important. Nearly, 15 million tons/year of fly ash is produced in Turkey. In this study, usage of fly ash with diatomite and molasses for heavy metal (Cd) adsorption from wastewater is investigated. The samples of Seyitomer region fly ash were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) then diatomite (0 and 1% in terms of fly ash, w/w) and molasses (0-0.75 mL) were pelletized under 30 MPa of pressure for the usage of cadmium (Cd) adsorption in wastewater. After the adsorption process, samples of Seyitomer were analyzed using Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). As a result, it is seen that the usage of Seyitomer fly ash is proper for cadmium (Cd) adsorption and an optimum adsorption yield with 52% is found at a compound with Seyitomer fly ash (10 g), diatomite (0.5 g) and molasses (0.75 mL) at 2.5 h of reaction time, pH:4, 20ºC of reaction temperature and 300 rpm of stirring rate.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Heavy%20metal" title="Heavy metal">Heavy metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fly%20ash" title=" fly ash"> fly ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=molasses" title=" molasses"> molasses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=diatomite" title=" diatomite"> diatomite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=adsorption" title=" adsorption"> adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wastewater." title=" wastewater."> wastewater.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999535/the-cadmium-adsorption-study-by-using-seyitomer-fly-ash-diatomite-and-molasses-in-wastewater" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999535/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999535/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999535/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999535/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999535/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999535/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999535/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999535/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999535/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999535/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999535.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Fermentative Production of Dextran using Food Industry Wastes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Marzieh%20Moosavi-Nasab">Marzieh Moosavi-Nasab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohsen%20Gavahian"> Mohsen Gavahian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ali%20R.%20Yousefi"> Ali R. Yousefi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hamed%20Askari"> Hamed Askari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dextran is a D-glucose polymer which is produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides grown in a sucrose-rich media. The organism was obtained from the Persian Type Culture Collection (PTCC) and was transferred in MRS broth medium at 30掳C and pH 6.8 for 24 h. After preparation of inoculums, organisms were inoculated into five liquid fermentation media containing either molasses or cheese whey or different combinations of cheese whey and molasses. After certain fermentation period, the produced dextran was separated and dried. Dextran yield was calculated and significant differences in different media were observed. Furthermore, FT-IR analysis was performed and the results showed that there were no significant differences in the produced dextran structures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dextran" title="Dextran">Dextran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Leuconostoc%20mesenteroides" title=" Leuconostoc mesenteroides"> Leuconostoc mesenteroides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Molasses" title=" Molasses"> Molasses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Whey" title="Whey">Whey</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7870/fermentative-production-of-dextran-using-food-industry-wastes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7870/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7870/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7870/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7870/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7870/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7870/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7870/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7870/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7870/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7870/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7870.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3680</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Beef Cattle Farmers Perception toward Urea Mineral Molasses Block</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Veronica%20Sri%20Lestari">Veronica Sri Lestari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Djoni%20Prawira%20Rahardja"> Djoni Prawira Rahardja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tanrigiling%20Rasyid"> Tanrigiling Rasyid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aslina%20Asnawi"> Aslina Asnawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ikrar%20Muhammad%20Saleh"> Ikrar Muhammad Saleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ilham%20Rasyid"> Ilham Rasyid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Urea Mineral Molasses Block is very important for beef cattle, because it can increase beef production. The purpose of this research was to know beef cattle farmers’ perception towards Urea Mineral Molasses Block (UMMB). This research was conducted in Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia in 2016. The population of this research were all beef cattle farmers. Sample was chosen through purposive sampling. Data were collected through observation and face to face with deep interview using questionnaire. Variables of perception consisted of relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, observability and triability. There were 10 questions. The answer for each question was scored by 1, 2, 3 which refer to disagree, agree enough, strongly agree. The data were analyzed descriptively using frequency distribution. The research revealed that beef cattle farmers’ perception towards UMMB was categorized as strongly agree.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Beef%20cattle" title="Beef cattle">Beef cattle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=farmers" title=" farmers"> farmers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=perception" title=" perception"> perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=urea%20mineral%20molasses%20block." title=" urea mineral molasses block."> urea mineral molasses block.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005758/beef-cattle-farmers-perception-toward-urea-mineral-molasses-block" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005758/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005758/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005758/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005758/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005758/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005758/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005758/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005758/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005758/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005758/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005758.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1932</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Microbial Oil Production by Mixed Culture of Microalgae Chlorella sp. KKU-S2 and Yeast Torulaspora maleeae Y30</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ratanaporn%20Leesing">Ratanaporn Leesing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rattanaporn%20Baojungharn"> Rattanaporn Baojungharn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thidarat%20Papone"> Thidarat Papone</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Compared to oil production from microorganisms, little work has been performed for mixed culture of microalgae and yeast. In this article it is aimed to show high oil accumulation potential of mixed culture of microalgae Chlorella sp. KKU-S2 and oleaginous yeast Torulaspora maleeae Y30 using sugarcane molasses as substrate. The monoculture of T. maleeae Y30 grew faster than that of microalgae Chlorella sp. KKU-S2. In monoculture of yeast, a biomass of 6.4g/L with specific growth rate (m) of 0.265 (1/d) and lipid yield of 0.466g/L were obtained, while 2.53g/L of biomass with m of 0.133 (1/d) and lipid yield of 0.132g/L were obtained for monoculture of Chlorella sp. KKU-S2. The biomass concentration in the mixed culture of T. maleeae Y30 with Chlorella sp. KKU-S2 increased faster and was higher compared with that in the monoculture and mixed culture of microalgae. In mixed culture of microalgae Chlorella sp. KKU-S2 and C. vulgaris TISTR8580, a biomass of 3.47g/L and lipid yield of 0.123 g/L were obtained. In mixed culture of T. maleeae Y30 with Chlorella sp. KKU-S2, a maximum biomass of 7.33 g/L and lipid yield of 0.808g/L were obtained. Maximum cell yield coefficient (YX/S, 0.229g/L), specific yield of lipid (YP/X, 0.11g lipid/g cells) and volumetric lipid production rate (QP, 0.115 g/L/d) were obtained in mixed culture of yeast and microalgae. Clearly, T. maleeae Y30 and Chlorella sp. KKU-S2 use sugarcane molasses as organic nutrients efficiently in mixed culture under mixotrophic growth. The biomass productivity and lipid yield are notably enhanced in comparison with monoculture.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Microbial%20oil" title="Microbial oil">Microbial oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chlorella%20sp.%20KKU-S2" title=" Chlorella sp. KKU-S2"> Chlorella sp. KKU-S2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chlorella%20vulgaris" title=" Chlorella vulgaris"> Chlorella vulgaris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Torulaspora%20maleeae%20Y30" title=" Torulaspora maleeae Y30"> Torulaspora maleeae Y30</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mixed%20culture" title=" mixed culture"> mixed culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=biodiesel." title=" biodiesel."> biodiesel.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6470/microbial-oil-production-by-mixed-culture-of-microalgae-chlorella-sp-kku-s2-and-yeast-torulaspora-maleeae-y30" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6470/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6470/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6470/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6470/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6470/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6470/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6470/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6470/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6470/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6470/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6470.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2875</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Sophorolipids Production by Candida Bombicola using Synthetic Dairy Wastewater</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Daverey">A. Daverey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20Pakshirajan"> K. Pakshirajan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Sangeetha"> P. Sangeetha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sophorolipids (SLs) production by the yeast Candida bombicola was studied in batch shake flasks using synthetic dairy wastewaters (SDWW) with or without any added external carbon and nitrogen sources. A maximum SLs production of 38.76 g/l was observed with the SDWW supplemented with low cost substrate of sugarcane molasses at 50 g/l and soybean oil at 50 g/l. When the SDWW was supplemented with more costly glucose, yeast extract, urea and soybean oil, the production, however, got lowered to only 29.49 g/l, but with a maximum biomass production of 17.38 g/l together with a complete utilization of the carbon sources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Candida%20bombicola" title="Candida bombicola">Candida bombicola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=dairy%20wastewater" title=" dairy wastewater"> dairy wastewater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fat%20and%20oil" title=" fat and oil"> fat and oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sophorolipids." title=" sophorolipids."> sophorolipids.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11645/sophorolipids-production-by-candida-bombicola-using-synthetic-dairy-wastewater" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11645/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11645/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11645/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11645/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11645/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11645/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11645/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11645/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11645/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11645/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11645.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3102</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Microalgal Lipid Production by Microalgae Chlorella sp. KKU-S2</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ratanaporn%20Leesing">Ratanaporn Leesing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Supaporn%20Kookkhunthod"> Supaporn Kookkhunthod</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ngarmnit%20Nontaso"> Ngarmnit Nontaso</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this work is to produce heterotrophic microalgal lipid in flask-batch fermentation. Chlorella sp. KKU-S2 supported maximum values of 0.374 g/L/d, 0.478 g lipid/g cells, and 0.112 g/L/d for volumetric lipid production rate, and specific yield of lipid, and specific rate of lipid production, respectively when culture was performed on BG-11 medium supplemented with 50g/L glucose. Among the carbon sources tested, maximum cell yield coefficient (YX/S, g/L), maximum specific yield of lipid (YP/X, g lipid/g cells) and volumetric lipid production rate (QP, g/L/d) were found of 0.728, 0.237, and 0.619, respectively, using sugarcane molasses as carbon source. The main components of fatty acid from extracted lipid were palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid which similar to vegetable oils and suitable for biodiesel production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Microalgal%20lipid" title="Microalgal lipid">Microalgal lipid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chlorella%20sp.%20KKU-S2" title=" Chlorella sp. KKU-S2"> Chlorella sp. KKU-S2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=kineticparameters" title=" kineticparameters"> kineticparameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=biodiesel." title=" biodiesel."> biodiesel.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1764/microalgal-lipid-production-by-microalgae-chlorella-sp-kku-s2" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1764/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1764/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1764/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1764/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1764/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1764/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1764/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1764/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1764/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1764/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1764.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2718</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Application of Different Ratios of Effluents of Ethyl Alcohol Factories on Germination of Barley</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Azadeh%20Vaziri">Azadeh Vaziri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Using effluent as a sustainable water resource for agriculture not only could provide part of water needs but also would save the existing water resources, durably. Vinasse, the effluent of ethyl alcohol factories, a by-product, which is derived from sugarcane molasses, is one of the water resources that could be effectively utilized for agricultural purposes. In the present study in order to investigate the application of different ratios of water: vinasse on germination and growth of barley seedlings an experiment was designed in pots with completely randomized design with three replications and control treatment. The consequences of four irrigation levels were studied with different water: effluent ratios (100% water, 90% water & 10% effluent, 75% water & 25% effluent, 50% water & 50% effluent) on germination and growth of barley seedling components in sandy-loam soil. The results showed that, with increasing the percentage of vinasse in the irrigation admixture, the germination percentage in barley seedlings decreased, significantly, so that the decrease in germination in comparison with the control samples in the second and third treatments was 20% and 93.33%, respectively. Seed germination percentage was about 46.66. The average stem length in seedlings was 14.3 mm and the average root length was 9.37 mm. The averages of the soils Electrical Conductivity (EC) and pH which were under irrigation with different ratios of vinasse (dSm-1) were 5.85 and 7.32, respectively, which showed a 76.2% increase in soil salinity.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Electrical%20Conductivity" title="Electrical Conductivity">Electrical Conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=effluent" title=" effluent"> effluent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=germination" title=" germination"> germination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=vinasse" title=" vinasse"> vinasse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=barley." title=" barley."> barley.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012620/application-of-different-ratios-of-effluents-of-ethyl-alcohol-factories-on-germination-of-barley" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012620/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012620/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012620/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012620/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012620/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012620/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012620/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012620/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012620/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012620/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012620.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">425</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Utilization of Agro-Industrial Byproducts for Bacteriocin Production Using Newly Isolated Enterococcus faecium BS13 </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vandana%20Bali">Vandana Bali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Manab%20B.%20Bera"> Manab B. Bera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Parmjit%20S.%20Panesar"> Parmjit S. Panesar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Microbial production of antimicrobials as biopreservatives is the major area of focus nowadays due to increased interest of consumers towards natural and safe preservation of ready to eat food products. The agro-industrial byproduct based medium and optimized process conditions can contribute in economical production of bacteriocins. Keeping this in view, the present investigation was carried out on agro-industrial byproducts utilization for the production of bacteriocin using <em>Enterococcus faecium </em>BS13 isolated from local fermented food. Different agro-industrial byproduct based carbon sources (whey, potato starch liquor, kinnow peel, deoiledrice bran and molasses), nitrogen sources (soya okra, pea pod and corn steep liquor), metal ions and surfactants were tested for optimal bacteriocin production. The effect of various process parameters such as pH, temperature, inoculum level, agitation and time were also tested on bacteriocin production. The optimized medium containing whey, supplemented with 4%corn steep liquor and polysorbate-80 displayed maximum bacteriocin activity with 2% inoculum, at pH 6.5, temperature 40<sup>o</sup>C under shaking conditions (100 rpm).</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bacteriocin" title="Bacteriocin">Bacteriocin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=biopreservation" title=" biopreservation"> biopreservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=corn%20steep%20liquor" title=" corn steep liquor"> corn steep liquor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Enterococcus%20faecium" title=" Enterococcus faecium"> Enterococcus faecium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=waste%20utilization" title=" waste utilization"> waste utilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=whey." title=" whey."> whey.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998371/utilization-of-agro-industrial-byproducts-for-bacteriocin-production-using-newly-isolated-enterococcus-faecium-bs13" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998371/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998371/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998371/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998371/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998371/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998371/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998371/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998371/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998371/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998371/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998371.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2771</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Production of Pig Iron by Smelting of Blended Pre-Reduced Titaniferous Magnetite Ore and Hematite Ore Using Lean Grade Coal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bitan%20Kumar%20Sarkar">Bitan Kumar Sarkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Akashdeep%20Agarwal"> Akashdeep Agarwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rajib%20Dey"> Rajib Dey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gopes%20Chandra%20Das"> Gopes Chandra Das</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The rapid depletion of high-grade iron ore (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) has gained attention on the use of other sources of iron ore. Titaniferous magnetite ore (TMO) is a special type of magnetite ore having high titania content (23.23% TiO<sub>2</sub> present in this case). Due to high TiO<sub>2</sub> content and high density, TMO cannot be treated by the conventional smelting reduction. In this present work, the TMO has been collected from high-grade metamorphic terrain of the Precambrian Chotanagpur gneissic complex situated in the eastern part of India (Shaltora area, Bankura district, West Bengal) and the hematite ore has been collected from Visakhapatnam Steel Plant (VSP), Visakhapatnam. At VSP, iron ore is received from Bailadila mines, Chattisgarh of M/s. National Mineral Development Corporation. The preliminary characterization of TMO and hematite ore (HMO) has been investigated by WDXRF, XRD and FESEM analyses. Similarly, good quality of coal (mainly coking coal) is also getting depleted fast. The basic purpose of this work is to find how lean grade coal can be utilised along with TMO for smelting to produce pig iron. Lean grade coal has been characterised by using TG/DTA, proximate and ultimate analyses. The boiler grade coal has been found to contain 28.08% of fixed carbon and 28.31% of volatile matter. TMO fines (below 75 μm) and HMO fines (below 75 μm) have been separately agglomerated with lean grade coal fines (below 75 μm) in the form of briquettes using binders like bentonite and molasses. These green briquettes are dried first in oven at 423 K for 30 min and then reduced isothermally in tube furnace over the temperature range of 1323 K, 1373 K and 1423 K for 30 min & 60 min. After reduction, the reduced briquettes are characterized by XRD and FESEM analyses. The best reduced TMO and HMO samples are taken and blended in three different weight percentage ratios of 1:4, 1:8 and 1:12 of TMO:HMO. The chemical analysis of three blended samples is carried out and degree of metallisation of iron is found to contain 89.38%, 92.12% and 93.12%, respectively. These three blended samples are briquetted using binder like bentonite and lime. Thereafter these blended briquettes are separately smelted in raising hearth furnace at 1773 K for 30 min. The pig iron formed is characterized using XRD, microscopic analysis. It can be concluded that 90% yield of pig iron can be achieved when the blend ratio of TMO:HMO is 1:4.5. This means for 90% yield, the maximum TMO that could be used in the blend is about 18%.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Briquetting%20reduction" title="Briquetting reduction">Briquetting reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=lean%20grade%20coal" title=" lean grade coal"> lean grade coal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=smelting%20reduction" title=" smelting reduction"> smelting reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=TMO." title=" TMO."> TMO.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005146/production-of-pig-iron-by-smelting-of-blended-pre-reduced-titaniferous-magnetite-ore-and-hematite-ore-using-lean-grade-coal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005146/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005146/bibtex" 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