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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-沿革" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#沿革"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>沿革</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-沿革-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-宗旨" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宗旨"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>宗旨</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-宗旨-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-架構" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#架構"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>架構</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-架構-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关架構子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-架構-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-部门" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#部门"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>部门</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-部门-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附属组织" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附属组织"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>附属组织</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附属组织-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-規模" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#規模"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>規模</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-規模-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-产品" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#产品"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>产品</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-产品-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>参考资料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸阅读" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸阅读"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>延伸阅读</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸阅读-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">朝鮮電腦研究中心</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。17种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8" title="مركز كوريا للحاسوب – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مركز كوريا للحاسوب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_de_Computaci%C3%B3_de_Corea" title="Centre de Computació de Corea – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Centre de Computació de Corea" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Computer_Center" title="Korea Computer Center – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Korea Computer Center" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Computer_Center" title="Korea Computer Center – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Korea Computer Center" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreia_komputila_centro" title="Koreia komputila centro – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Koreia komputila centro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centro_de_Computaci%C3%B3n_de_Corea" title="Centro de Computación de Corea – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Centro de Computación de Corea" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_de_recherche_informatique_de_Cor%C3%A9e" title="Centre de recherche informatique de Corée – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Centre de recherche informatique de Corée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%96_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%91_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99" title="מרכז המחשוב הקוריאני – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מרכז המחשוב הקוריאני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Computer_Center" title="Korea Computer Center – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Korea Computer Center" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pusat_Komputer_Korea" title="Pusat Komputer Korea – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pusat Komputer Korea" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Computer_Center" title="Korea Computer Center – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Korea Computer Center" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%94%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC" title="朝鮮コンピューターセンター – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="朝鮮コンピューターセンター" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EC%BD%A4%ED%93%A8%ED%84%B0%EC%A4%91%EC%8B%AC" title="조선콤퓨터중심 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조선콤퓨터중심" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea%C5%84skie_Centrum_Komputerowe" title="Koreańskie Centrum Komputerowe – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Koreańskie Centrum Komputerowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centro_de_Computa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_Coreia" title="Centro de Computação da Coreia – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Centro de Computação da Coreia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80" title="Корейский компьютерный центр – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Корейский компьютерный центр" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trung_t%C3%A2m_M%C3%A1y_t%C3%ADnh_Tri%E1%BB%81u_Ti%C3%AAn" title="Trung tâm Máy tính Triều Tiên – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trung tâm Máy tính Triều Tiên" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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title="关于此页面的讨论（页面不存在）[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a 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td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 125%; background-color: #b0c4de;">朝鮮電腦研究中心</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:North_Korea-Pyongyang-Computer_class_at_a_school-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/North_Korea-Pyongyang-Computer_class_at_a_school-01.jpg/220px-North_Korea-Pyongyang-Computer_class_at_a_school-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/North_Korea-Pyongyang-Computer_class_at_a_school-01.jpg/330px-North_Korea-Pyongyang-Computer_class_at_a_school-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/North_Korea-Pyongyang-Computer_class_at_a_school-01.jpg/440px-North_Korea-Pyongyang-Computer_class_at_a_school-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1504" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="font-size: small;">平壤電腦技術大學電腦系</div></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E" title="朝鮮語">朝鲜语</a>名稱</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BA%E6%96%87" title="諺文">諺文</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; font-size: small;;"><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><span lang="ko-hang">조선콤퓨터쎈터 </span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" title="朝鮮漢字">汉字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; font-size: small;;"><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><span lang="ko-hani">朝鮮콤퓨터쎈터 </span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left; font-size: small;;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E8%A7%82%E5%85%89%E9%83%A82000%E5%B9%B4%E5%BC%8F" title="文化观光部2000年式">文观部式</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size: small;;"><span lang="ko-latn">Joseon Kompyuteossenteo </span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%A7%91%E6%81%A9-%E8%B3%B4%E8%82%96%E7%88%BE%E8%A1%A8%E8%A8%98%E6%B3%95" title="馬科恩-賴肖爾表記法">马-赖式</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size: small;;"><span lang="ko-latn">Chosŏn K'omp'yut'ŏssent'ŏ </span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></tbody></table> <p><b>朝鮮電腦研究中心</b>（<span>朝鲜语：<span title="諺文表記"><span lang="ko">조선콤퓨터쎈터</span></span><small>／</small><span title="漢字（諺漢混用）表記"><span lang="ko">朝鮮콤퓨터쎈터</span></span></span>；英語：<span lang="en">Korea Computer Center</span><sup id="cite_ref-Idrc,2008_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Idrc,2008-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，簡稱KCC）是<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国">朝鮮</a>資訊科技產業的中心基地，位於<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="平壤">平壤</a>市<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E6%99%AF%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%BA%E5%9F%9F" title="万景台区域">萬景台區域</a>光復大街，於1990年10月24日成立<sup id="cite_ref-JunLaFoy2016_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JunLaFoy2016-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1996年，朝鮮政府將該中心升格為省部級單位，由內閣直接管理。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="沿革"><span id=".E6.B2.BF.E9.9D.A9"></span>沿革</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：沿革"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/35px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/53px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/70px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此章節<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">尚無參考來源</a></b>，內容或許<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AD%89" title="Wikipedia:可供查證">無法查證</a></b>。</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>KCC运营着8个开发和生产中心，以及11个地区性信息中心。该机构经营着KCC信息技术学院及其信息技术学院。KCC在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中華人民共和国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%99%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="叙利亚">叙利亚</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E9%85%8B%E9%95%BF%E5%9B%BD" title="阿拉伯联合酋长国">阿联酋</a>设有分支机构。该机构对<a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>研究很感兴趣，并开始为朝鲜开发本地化的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E6%98%9F%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="紅星作業系統">Red Star OS</a>发行版。 </p><p>KCC是政治体制的一部分，本身并不完全是一家IT公司。人们认为朝鲜的技术状态和整体现代性远远落后于世界其他国家，即便朝鲜的时代思潮总体上是这样的。例如，2007年“.kp ccTLD”的注册。尽管得到了一家欧洲公司的支持，KCC在三年时间里都没有获得有效的注册。KCC仍未实施可运行的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80%E9%A0%82%E7%B4%9A%E5%9F%9F" title="國家和地區頂級域">ccTLD</a>基础设施，这是朝鲜政府多年来一直追求但未实现的目标。 </p><p>虽然KCC主要从事朝鲜国内的项目，但自2001年以来，它一直为<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中華人民共和国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="大韩民国">韩国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%9C" title="中东">中东</a>的客户提供服务。 </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nosotek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nosotek（页面不存在）">Nosotek</a>是另一家开发电脑游戏的朝鲜IT合资公司；其中两家由新闻集团出版。另一家这样的公司是<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4%E5%B8%82" title="平壤市">平壤</a>信息中心。 </p><p>2015年初，KCC进行了重组，所有与红星操作系统开发无关的职能都移交给了其他实体。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="宗旨"><span id=".E5.AE.97.E6.97.A8"></span>宗旨</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：宗旨"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Unreferenced plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/35px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/53px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/70px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此章節<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">尚無參考來源</a></b>，內容或許<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AD%89" title="Wikipedia:可供查證">無法查證</a></b>。</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>該中心以培養資訊科技人才，開發和生產各種軟硬件為宗旨，並支援科研和教育機構的研究。其中<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="軟件">軟件</a>的開發以<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="应用软件">應用軟件</a>為主。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="架構"><span id=".E6.9E.B6.E6.A7.8B"></span>架構</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：架構"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Unreferenced plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/35px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/53px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/70px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此章節<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">尚無參考來源</a></b>，內容或許<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AD%89" title="Wikipedia:可供查證">無法查證</a></b>。</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>該中心轄下有8個開發及生產單位（系統程序開發、多媒體程式開發、經營管理程式開發、計算機專家系統開發、作業系統開發和應用程式開發等）、1家公司、品質管制中心、資訊服務中心等開發支援單位、11個分佈在各道的地區資訊中心、博士院、朝鮮電腦中心資訊技術大學、資訊技術講習所等培訓機構。該中心並且在德國、中國、敘利亞、阿拉伯酋長國等地設有分部和銷售點。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="部门"><span id=".E9.83.A8.E9.97.A8"></span>部门</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：部门"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附属组织"><span id=".E9.99.84.E5.B1.9E.E7.BB.84.E7.BB.87"></span>附属组织</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：附属组织"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="規模"><span id=".E8.A6.8F.E6.A8.A1"></span>規模</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：規模"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Unreferenced plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/35px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/53px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/70px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此章節<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">尚無參考來源</a></b>，內容或許<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AD%89" title="Wikipedia:可供查證">無法查證</a></b>。</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>2003年有800多名研發人員服務，其中有100多人是人民科學家、功勳科學家和博士。有700多人次受到國家級表彰或獲授予“勞動模範”的稱號。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="产品"><span id=".E4.BA.A7.E5.93.81"></span>产品</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：产品"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/35px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/53px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/70px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此章節<b>需要提供<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">更多來源</a></b>，否則內容可能<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AD%89" title="Wikipedia:可供查證">無法查證</a></b>。</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>該中心以開發軟件為主，產品及介紹如下：</li></ul> <ul><li>作業系統 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E6%98%9F%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="紅星作業系統">紅星作業系統</a>（朝鮮語Linux系統）<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>文字處理軟件 <ul><li>光學文字辨識軟件（列印文件的識別率達到99. 9%，手寫文件達到95%）</li> <li>語音識別軟件（語音識別率超過90%）</li> <li>吾友（My company）（朝鮮文字處理軟件。據稱使用便利程度與Office系列軟件相同）</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>娛樂軟件 <ul><li>朝鮮棋軟件</li> <li>KCC围棋軟件-銀星圍棋（曾經在第四届、第五届豪斯特盃圍棋程序世界賽上獲得冠軍，又於2003至2005年，連續三屆在世界電腦圍棋奪魁賽上擊敗美國、德國和日本的圍棋軟件而獲得冠軍，並改編為電玩遊戲外銷多國）</li> <li>KCC将棋軟件-銀星将棋</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>醫療軟件 <ul><li>高麗針灸（KORYO）（朝鮮醫療及教學軟件、專家系統）</li> <li>金色駿馬（Golden Horse）（透過指紋進行診斷、體質分類和人體特徵分析的系統）</li> <li>綜合醫療服務系統（ISDM）（根據朝鮮醫學理論進行診治和處方的軟體系統）</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>管理及控制軟件 <ul><li>智慧出納系統（Intelligent Salesman）（存貨、銷售管理的軟件）</li> <li>模糊-37（MOHO-37）（選礦和礦石淨化電腦控制系統）</li> <li>土星-6（Saturn-6）（航空交通指揮系統）</li> <li>指紋鑰匙（FVS-P）（利用指紋確認技術進行身份識別的系統）</li> <li>CDMA行動通訊管理軟件（用於北韓行動通訊網絡的建設和管理）</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E6%98%8E%E7%BD%91_(%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C)" title="光明网 (朝鲜)">光明网 (朝鲜)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：参考资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Idrc,2008-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Idrc,2008_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span 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IDRC. 7 January 2008: 246– <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-06-26</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-7619-3674-9" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-7619-3674-9"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-7619-3674-9</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200729204342/https://books.google.com/books?id=wSlOkuwWKo4C&pg=PA246">存档</a>于2020-07-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&rft.au=Idrc%2C&rft.btitle=Digital+Review+of+Asia+Pacific+2007%2F2008&rft.date=2008-01-07&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-7619-3674-9&rft.pages=246-&rft.pub=IDRC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwSlOkuwWKo4C%26pg%3DPA246&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JunLaFoy2016-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JunLaFoy2016_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Jenny Jun; Scott LaFoy; Ethan Sohn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hUpQCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA53">North Korea's Cyber Operations: Strategy and Responses</a>. Center for Strategic & International Studies. 11 January 2016: 53– <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-06-26</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-4422-5903-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-4422-5903-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1-4422-5903-4</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200804015248/https://books.google.com/books?id=hUpQCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA53">存档</a>于2020-08-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&rft.au=Ethan+Sohn&rft.au=Jenny+Jun&rft.au=Scott+LaFoy&rft.btitle=North+Korea%27s+Cyber+Operations%3A+Strategy+and+Responses&rft.date=2016-01-11&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-4422-5903-4&rft.pages=53-&rft.pub=Center+for+Strategic+%26+International+Studies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhUpQCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA53&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Jenny Jun; Scott LaFoy; Ethan Sohn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hUpQCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA54">North Korea's Cyber Operations: Strategy and Responses</a>. Center for Strategic & International Studies. 11 January 2016: 54– <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-06-26</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-4422-5903-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-4422-5903-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1-4422-5903-4</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200731045011/https://books.google.com/books?id=hUpQCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA54">存档</a>于2020-07-31）.</cite><span 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&rft.atitle=%E7%A7%91%E7%A0%94%E5%9F%BA%E5%9C%B0+%E4%BA%BA%E6%89%8D%E6%91%87%E7%AF%AE%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E8%AE%BF%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97-%7B%7D-%E6%9C%BA%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&rft.date=2002-02-15&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E6%96%B0%E5%8D%8E%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftech.sina.com.cn%2Fo%2F2002-02-16%2F103234.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">章榴成. 朝鲜特色的计算机信息产业. 当代世界. 2000, (10): 31–32.</cite><span 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