CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>   <script> var _paq = window._paq = window._paq || []; /* tracker methods like "setCustomDimension" should be called before "trackPageView" */ _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); (function() { var u="//matomo.waset.org/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'matomo.php']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '2']); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.async=true; g.src=u+'matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); </script>  <title>Search results for: Bhavana Kushwaha</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Bhavana Kushwaha"> <meta name="keywords" content="Bhavana Kushwaha"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Bhavana Kushwaha" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2025/2026/2027">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Bhavana Kushwaha"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 18</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Bhavana Kushwaha</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Benzenepropanamine Analogues as Non-detergent Microbicidal Spermicide for Effective Pre-exposure Prophylaxis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Veenu%20Bala">Veenu Bala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yashpal%20S.%20Chhonker"> Yashpal S. Chhonker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhavana%20Kushwaha"> Bhavana Kushwaha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rabi%20S.%20Bhatta"> Rabi S. Bhatta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gopal%20Gupta"> Gopal Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vishnu%20L.%20Sharma"> Vishnu L. Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> According to UNAIDS 2013 estimate nearly 52% of all individuals living with HIV are now women of reproductive age (15–44 years). Seventy-five percent cases of HIV acquisition are through heterosexual contacts and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), attributable to unsafe sexual behaviour. Each year, an estimated 500 million people acquire atleast one of four STIs: chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis and trichomoniasis. Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) is exclusively sexually transmitted in adults, accounting for 30% of STI cases and associated with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), vaginitis and pregnancy complications in women. TV infection resulted in impaired vaginal milieu, eventually favoring HIV transmission. In the absence of an effective prophylactic HIV vaccine, prevention of new infections has become a priority. It was thought worthwhile to integrate HIV prevention and reproductive health services including unintended pregnancy protection for women as both are related with unprotected sex. Initially, nonoxynol-9 (N-9) had been proposed as a spermicidal agent with microbicidal activity but on the contrary it increased HIV susceptibility due to surfactant action. Thus, to accomplish an urgent need of novel woman controlled non-detergent microbicidal spermicides benzenepropanamine analogues have been synthesized. At first, five benzenepropanamine-dithiocarbamate hybrids have been synthesized and evaluated for their spermicidal, anti-Trichomonas and anti-fungal activities along with safety profiling to cervicovaginal cells. In order to further enhance the scope of above study benzenepropanamine was hybridized with thiourea as to introduce anti-HIV potential. The synthesized hybrid molecules were evaluated for their reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibition, spermicidal, anti-Trichomonas and antimicrobial activities as well as their safety against vaginal flora and cervical cells. simulated vaginal fluid (SVF) stability and pharmacokinetics of most potent compound versus N-9 was examined in female Newzealand (NZ) rabbits to observe its absorption into systemic circulation and subsequent exposure in blood plasma through vaginal wall. The study resulted in the most promising compound N-butyl-4-(3-oxo-3-phenylpropyl) piperazin-1-carbothioamide (29) exhibiting better activity profile than N-9 as it showed RT inhibition (72.30 %), anti-Trichomonas (MIC, 46.72 µM against MTZ susceptible and MIC, 187.68 µM against resistant strain), spermicidal (MEC, 0.01%) and antifungal activity (MIC, 3.12–50 µg/mL) against four fungal strains. The high safety against vaginal epithelium (HeLa cells) and compatibility with vaginal flora (lactobacillus), SVF stability and least vaginal absorption supported its suitability for topical vaginal application. Docking study was performed to gain an insight into the binding mode and interactions of the most promising compound, N-butyl-4-(3-oxo-3-phenylpropyl) piperazin-1-carbothioamide (29) with HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase. The docking study has revealed that compound (29) interacted with HIV-1 RT similar to standard drug Nevirapine. It may be concluded that hybridization of benzenepropanamine and thiourea moiety resulted into novel lead with multiple activities including RT inhibition. A further lead optimization may result into effective vaginal microbicides having spermicidal, anti-Trichomonas, antifungal and anti-HIV potential altogether with enhanced safety to cervico-vaginal cells in comparison to Nonoxynol-9. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbicidal" title="microbicidal">microbicidal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonoxynol-9" title=" nonoxynol-9"> nonoxynol-9</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reverse%20transcriptase" title=" reverse transcriptase"> reverse transcriptase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spermicide" title=" spermicide "> spermicide </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45229/benzenepropanamine-analogues-as-non-detergent-microbicidal-spermicide-for-effective-pre-exposure-prophylaxis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45229.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">348</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Stress Variation around a Circular Hole in Functionally Graded Plate under Bending</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parveen%20K.%20Saini">Parveen K. Saini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mayank%20Kushwaha"> Mayank Kushwaha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The influence of material property variation on stress concentration factor (SCF) due to the presence of a circular hole in a functionally graded material (FGM) plate is studied in this paper. A numerical method based on complex variable theory of elasticity is used to investigate the problem. To achieve the material property, variation plate is decomposed into a number of rings. In this research work, Young's modulus is assumed to be varying exponentially and it is found that stress concentration factor can be reduced by increasing Young’s modulus progressively away from the hole. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20concentration" title="stress concentration">stress concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20hole" title=" circular hole"> circular hole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FGM%20plate" title=" FGM plate"> FGM plate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending" title=" bending"> bending</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4922/stress-variation-around-a-circular-hole-in-functionally-graded-plate-under-bending" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4922.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Analysis of Slip Flow Heat Transfer between Asymmetrically Heated Parallel Plates </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hari%20Mohan%20Kushwaha">Hari Mohan Kushwaha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Santosh%20Kumar%20Sahu"> Santosh Kumar Sahu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present study, analysis of heat transfer is carried out in the slip flow region for the fluid flowing between two parallel plates by employing the asymmetric heat fluxes at surface of the plates. The flow is assumed to be hydrodynamically and thermally fully developed for the analysis. The second order velocity slip and viscous dissipation effects are considered for the analysis. Closed form expressions are obtained for the Nusselt number as a function of Knudsen number and modified Brinkman number. The limiting condition of the present prediction for Kn = 0, Kn2 = 0, and Brq1 = 0 is considered and found to agree well with other analytical results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Knudsen%20number" title="Knudsen number">Knudsen number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20Brinkman%20number" title=" modified Brinkman number"> modified Brinkman number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slip%20flow" title=" slip flow"> slip flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=velocity%20slip" title=" velocity slip"> velocity slip</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17458/analysis-of-slip-flow-heat-transfer-between-asymmetrically-heated-parallel-plates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17458.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Eco-Friendly Natural Dyes from Butea monosperma and Their Application on Cotton Fabric</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Archna%20Mall">Archna Mall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neelam%20Agrawal"> Neelam Agrawal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hari%20O.%20Saxena"> Hari O. Saxena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhavana%20Sharma"> Bhavana Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Butea monosperma occurs widely throughout central Indian states. Eco-friendly natural dyes were isolated in aqueous medium from leaves, bark and flowers of this plant. These dyes were used for dyeing on cotton fabric using various chemical (potassium aluminium sulphate, potassium dichromate, ferrous sulphate, stannous chloride & tannic acid) and natural mordants (rinds of Terminallia bellerica & Terminalia chebula fruits and shells of Prunus dulcis & Juglans regia nuts). Dyeing was carried out using the pre-mordanting technique. Large range of beautiful shades in terms of hue and darkness were recorded because of varying mordant concentrations and combinations. More importantly dyed fabrics registered varying the degree of colour fastness properties to washing (1-3, colour change and 4-5, colour staining), light (2-4), rubbing (4-5, dry and 3-5, wet) and perspiration (1-4, colour change and 4-5, colour staining). Thus, along with flowers which are traditionally known for natural dyes, the leaves and bark may also find their place in textile industries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Butea%20monosperma" title="Butea monosperma">Butea monosperma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cotton" title=" cotton"> cotton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mordants" title=" mordants"> mordants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20dyes" title=" natural dyes"> natural dyes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57950/eco-friendly-natural-dyes-from-butea-monosperma-and-their-application-on-cotton-fabric" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57950.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">347</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Indentifying Critical Factors Influencing Timeshare Purchases in India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shivam%20Kushwaha">Shivam Kushwaha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Veena%20Bansal"> Veena Bansal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Timeshare refers to real estate that is owned simultaneously by many, for a specified time in a year, for a specified numbers of years and is maintained and managed by an agency. Timeshare falls under the umbrella of tourism and is often used for vacation. Timeshare industry has attracted significantly less number of customers in India as compared to the US and Europe. In more than 40 years of existence of timeshare industry, it has not been able to grow its roots among Indian customers. The purpose of the study: To explore perception of Indian customers towards the adoption of timeshare segment of the hospitality industry and identify the factors. Source of data: Survey has been done on existing owners of holidays memberships, resorts or those who at least tourism experience in their past purchases. Methodology: Logistic Regression is used to predict binary responses of the customers based on identified critical factors which might influence timeshare purchases. Result: The study identified four factors: discretionary income, exchange options, ownership pride, risk, and measured their influence on intention to purchases in India. It is recognized that is all four variables are statistically significant while explaining in purchase intentions of customers in India. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=timeshare" title="timeshare">timeshare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=holiday" title=" holiday"> holiday</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism" title=" tourism"> tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customer%20perception" title=" customer perception"> customer perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intent%20to%20use" title=" intent to use"> intent to use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indian%20tourism" title=" Indian tourism"> Indian tourism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55142/indentifying-critical-factors-influencing-timeshare-purchases-in-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55142.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Artificial Reproduction System and Imbalanced Dataset: A Mendelian Classification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anita%20Kushwaha">Anita Kushwaha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We propose a new evolutionary computational model called Artificial Reproduction System which is based on the complex process of meiotic reproduction occurring between male and female cells of the living organisms. Artificial Reproduction System is an attempt towards a new computational intelligence approach inspired by the theoretical reproduction mechanism, observed reproduction functions, principles and mechanisms. A reproductive organism is programmed by genes and can be viewed as an automaton, mapping and reducing so as to create copies of those genes in its off springs. In Artificial Reproduction System, the binding mechanism between male and female cells is studied, parameters are chosen and a network is constructed also a feedback system for self regularization is established. The model then applies Mendel’s law of inheritance, allele-allele associations and can be used to perform data analysis of imbalanced data, multivariate, multiclass and big data. In the experimental study Artificial Reproduction System is compared with other state of the art classifiers like SVM, Radial Basis Function, neural networks, K-Nearest Neighbor for some benchmark datasets and comparison results indicates a good performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-inspired%20computation" title="bio-inspired computation">bio-inspired computation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nature-%20inspired%20computation" title=" nature- inspired computation"> nature- inspired computation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20computing" title=" natural computing"> natural computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20mining" title=" data mining"> data mining</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54679/artificial-reproduction-system-and-imbalanced-dataset-a-mendelian-classification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54679.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> The Role of Trust in International Relations– Examining India’s Gujaral Doctrine and South Asian Politics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhavana%20Mahajan">Bhavana Mahajan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> International Relations is a discipline of paradoxes. The State is the dominant political institution, yet little attention has been accorded to why individual countries behave the way they do with the theoretical analysis dismissing the State as a reactionary monolith – thus States either play to “quest for power” or to “systemic” forces. However, States do behave as and are influenced by agents when interacting with international structures as well as with other states. While questions on “competitive power politics” and “trust” have been examined and developed to a fair extent by International Relations theorists in the post 1990s period, their application to the domain of South Asian politics is limited and little research, if any, examines the conduct of foreign policy beyond rational choice. This paper is an initial attempt to marry these theoretical insights with the foreign policy exercised by India especially the case of the “Gujral Doctrine, as one of “non-reciprocal accommodation”. Ignoring the view that such a policy move can be viewed as political “feinting” or deception, it is noteworthy that India even made the first move in terms of defining its role as one who “trusts” rather than one who “seeks” to trust, given the country’s geo-strategic context and threat perceptions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=India%E2%80%99s%20foreign%20policy" title="India’s foreign policy">India’s foreign policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=South%20Asia" title=" South Asia"> South Asia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20constructivism" title=" social constructivism"> social constructivism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English%20school" title=" English school"> English school</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trusting%20relationships" title=" trusting relationships"> trusting relationships</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gujral%20Doctrine" title=" Gujral Doctrine"> Gujral Doctrine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rationality" title=" rationality"> rationality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24348/the-role-of-trust-in-international-relations-examining-indias-gujaral-doctrine-and-south-asian-politics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24348.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">344</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Bacterial Cellulose: A New Generation Antimicrobial Wound Dressing Biomaterial</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhavana%20V.%20Mohite">Bhavana V. Mohite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satish%20V.%20Patil"> Satish V. Patil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bacterial cellulose (BC) is an alternative for plant cellulose (PC) that prevents global warming leads to preservation of nature. Although PC and BC have the same chemical structure, BC is superior with its properties like its size, purity, porosity, degree of polymerization, crystallinity and water holding capacity, thermal stability etc. On this background the present study focus production and applications of BC as antimicrobial wound dressing material. BC was produced by Gluconoacetobacter hansenii (strain NCIM 2529) under shaking condition and statistically enhanced upto 7.2 g/l from 3.0 g/l. BC was analyzed for its physico mechanical, structural and thermal characteristics. BC produced at shaking condition exhibits more suitable properties in support to its high performance applications. The potential of nano silver impregnated BC was determined for sustained release modern antimicrobial wound dressing material by swelling ratio, mechanical properties and antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. BC in nanocomposite form with other synthetic polymer like PVA shows improvement in its properties such as swelling ratio (757% to 979%) and sustainable release of antibacterial agent. The high drug loading and release potential of BC was evidenced in support to its nature as antimicrobial wound dressing material. The nontoxic biocompatible nature of BC was confirmed by MTT assay on human epidermal cells with 90% cell viability that allows its application as a regenerative biomaterial. Thus, BC as a promising new generation antimicrobial wound dressing material was projected. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agitated%20culture" title="agitated culture">agitated culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biopolymer" title=" biopolymer"> biopolymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gluconoacetobacter%20hansenii" title=" gluconoacetobacter hansenii"> gluconoacetobacter hansenii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposite" title=" nanocomposite"> nanocomposite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40913/bacterial-cellulose-a-new-generation-antimicrobial-wound-dressing-biomaterial" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40913.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">306</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Sensitivity Enhancement in Graphene Based Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Biosensor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angad%20S.%20Kushwaha">Angad S. Kushwaha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajeev%20Kumar"> Rajeev Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monika%20Srivastava"> Monika Srivastava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20K.%20Srivastava"> S. K. Srivastava</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A lot of research work is going on in the field of graphene based SPR biosensor. In the conventional SPR based biosensor, graphene is used as a biomolecular recognition element. Graphene adsorbs biomolecules due to carbon based ring structure through sp2 hybridization. The proposed SPR based biosensor configuration will open a new avenue for efficient biosensing by taking the advantage of Graphene and its fascinating nanofabrication properties. In the present study, we have studied an SPR biosensor based on graphene mediated by Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and Gold. In the proposed structure, prism (BK7) base is coated with Zinc Oxide followed by Gold and Graphene. Using the waveguide approach by transfer matrix method, the proposed structure has been investigated theoretically. We have analyzed the reflectance versus incidence angle curve using He-Ne laser of wavelength 632.8 nm. Angle, at which the reflectance is minimized, termed as SPR angle. The shift in SPR angle is responsible for biosensing. From the analysis of reflectivity curve, we have found that there is a shift in SPR angle as the biomolecules get attached on the graphene surface. This graphene layer also enhances the sensitivity of the SPR sensor as compare to the conventional sensor. The sensitivity also increases by increasing the no of graphene layer. So in our proposed biosensor we have found minimum possible reflectivity with optimum level of sensitivity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosensor" title="biosensor">biosensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensitivity" title=" sensitivity"> sensitivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20plasmon%20resonance" title=" surface plasmon resonance"> surface plasmon resonance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transfer%20matrix%20method" title=" transfer matrix method"> transfer matrix method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40534/sensitivity-enhancement-in-graphene-based-surface-plasmon-resonance-spr-biosensor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40534.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Production, Optimization, Characterization, and Kinetics of a Partially Purified Laccase from Pleurotus citrinopileatus and Its Application in Swift Bioremediation of Azo Dyes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ankita%20Kushwaha">Ankita Kushwaha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20P.%20Singh"> M. P. Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: In the present investigation the efficiency of laccase (benzenediol: oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.10.3.2) from Pleurotus citrinopileatus was assessed for the decolorization of azo dyes. Aim: Enzyme production, characterization and kinetics of a partially purified laccase from Pleurotus citrinopileatus were determined for its application in bioremediation of azo dyes. Methods & Results: Laccase has been partially purified by using 80% ammonium sulphate solution. Total activity, total protein, specific activity and purification fold for partially purified laccase were found to be 40.38U, 293.33mg/100ml, 0.91U/mg and 2.84, respectively. The pH and temperature optima of laccase were 5.0 and 50ºC, respectively, while the enzyme was most stable at pH 4.0 and temperature 30ºC when exposed for one hour. The Km of the partially purified laccase for substrates guaiacol, DMP (2,6-dimethoxyphenol) and syringaldazine (3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde azine) were 60, 95 and 26, respectively. This laccase has been tested for the use in the bioremediation of azo dyes in the absence of mediator molecules. Two dyes namely congo red and bromophenol blue were tested. Discussion: It was observed that laccase enzyme was very effective in the decolorization of these two dyes. More than 80% decolorization was observed within half an hour even in the absence of mediator and their lower Km value indicates that efficiency of the enzyme is very high. The results were promising due to quicker decolorization in the absence of mediators showing that it can be used as a valuable biocatalyst for quick bioremediation of azo dyes. Conclusion: The enzymatic properties of laccase from P. citrinopileatus should be considered for a potential environmental (biodegradation and bioremediation) or industrial applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=azo%20dyes" title="azo dyes">azo dyes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decolorization" title=" decolorization"> decolorization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laccase" title=" laccase"> laccase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.citrinopileatus" title=" P.citrinopileatus"> P.citrinopileatus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88221/production-optimization-characterization-and-kinetics-of-a-partially-purified-laccase-from-pleurotus-citrinopileatus-and-its-application-in-swift-bioremediation-of-azo-dyes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88221.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">230</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Revisiting the Surgical Approaches to Decompression in Quadrangular Space Syndrome: A Cadaveric Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sundip%20Charmode">Sundip Charmode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simmi%20Mehra"> Simmi Mehra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudhir%20Kushwaha"> Sudhir Kushwaha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shalom%20Philip"> Shalom Philip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pratik%20Amrutiya"> Pratik Amrutiya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ranjna%20Jangal"> Ranjna Jangal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Quadrangular space syndrome involves compression of the axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery and its management in few cases, requires surgical decompression. The current study reviews the surgical approaches used in the decompression of neurovascular structures and presents our reflections and recommendations. Methods: Four human cadavers, in the Department of Anatomy were used for dissection of the Axillae and the Scapular region by the senior residents of the Department of Anatomy and Department of Orthopedics, who dissected quadrangular space in the eight upper limbs, using anterior and posterior surgical approaches. Observations: Posterior approach to identify the quadrangular space and secure its contents was recognized as the easier and much quicker method by both the Anatomy and Orthopedic residents, but it may result in increased postoperative morbidity. Whereas the anterior (Delto-pectoral) approach involves more skill but reduces postoperative morbidity. Conclusions: Anterior (Delto-pectoral) approach with suggested modifications can prove as an effective method in surgical decompression of quadrangular space syndrome. The authors suggest more cadaveric studies to facilitate anatomists and surgeons with the opportunities to practice and evaluate older and newer surgical approaches. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surgical%20approach" title="surgical approach">surgical approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anatomical%20approach" title=" anatomical approach"> anatomical approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decompression" title=" decompression"> decompression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axillary%20nerve" title=" axillary nerve"> axillary nerve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quadrangular%20space" title=" quadrangular space"> quadrangular space</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142652/revisiting-the-surgical-approaches-to-decompression-in-quadrangular-space-syndrome-a-cadaveric-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142652.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Perception of Faculties Towards Online Teaching-Learning Activities during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Tertiary Care Center in Eastern Nepal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deependra%20Prasad%20Sarraf">Deependra Prasad Sarraf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gajendra%20Prasad%20Rauniar"> Gajendra Prasad Rauniar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robin%20Maskey"> Robin Maskey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajiv%20Maharjan"> Rajiv Maharjan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashish%20Shrestha"> Ashish Shrestha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramayan%20Prasad%20Kushwaha"> Ramayan Prasad Kushwaha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: To assess the perception of faculties towards online teaching-learning activities conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify barriers and facilitators to conducting online teaching-learning activities in our context. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among faculties at B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences using a 26-item semi-structured questionnaire. A Google Form was prepared, and its link was sent to the faculties via email. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and findings were presented as tables and graphs. Results: Out of 158 faculties, the majority were male (66.46%), medical faculties (85.44%), and assistant professors (46.84%). Only 16 (10.13%) faculties had received formal training regarding preparing and/or delivering online teaching learning activities. Out of 158, 133 (84.18%) faculties faced technical and internet issues. The most common advantage and disadvantage of online teaching learning activities perceived by the faculties were ‘not limited to time or place’ (94.30%) and ‘lack of interaction with the students’ (82.28%), respectively. Majority (94.3%) of them had a positive perception towards online teaching-learning activities conducted during COVID-19 pandemic. Slow internet connection (91.77%) and frequent electricity interruption (82.91%) were the most common perceived barriers to online teaching-learning. Conclusions: Most of the faculties had a positive perception towards online teaching-learning activities. Academic leaders and stakeholders should provide uninterrupted internet and electricity connectivity, training on online teaching-learning platform, and timely technical support. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19%20pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=faculties" title=" faculties"> faculties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20education" title=" medical education"> medical education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perception" title=" perception"> perception</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154718/perception-of-faculties-towards-online-teaching-learning-activities-during-covid-19-pandemic-a-cross-sectional-study-at-a-tertiary-care-center-in-eastern-nepal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154718.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Assessing Significance of Correlation with Binomial Distribution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vijay%20Kumar%20Singh">Vijay Kumar Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pooja%20Kushwaha"> Pooja Kushwaha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prabhat%20Ranjan"> Prabhat Ranjan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krishna%20Kumar%20Ojha"> Krishna Kumar Ojha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jitendra%20Kumar"> Jitendra Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Present day high-throughput genomic technologies, NGS/microarrays, are producing large volume of data that require improved analysis methods to make sense of the data. The correlation between genes and samples has been regularly used to gain insight into many biological phenomena including, but not limited to, co-expression/co-regulation, gene regulatory networks, clustering and pattern identification. However, presence of outliers and violation of assumptions underlying Pearson correlation is frequent and may distort the actual correlation between the genes and lead to spurious conclusions. Here, we report a method to measure the strength of association between genes. The method assumes that the expression values of a gene are Bernoulli random variables whose outcome depends on the sample being probed. The method considers the two genes as uncorrelated if the number of sample with same outcome for both the genes (Ns) is equal to certainly expected number (Es). The extent of correlation depends on how far Ns can deviate from the Es. The method does not assume normality for the parent population, fairly unaffected by the presence of outliers, can be applied to qualitative data and it uses the binomial distribution to assess the significance of association. At this stage, we would not claim about the superiority of the method over other existing correlation methods, but our method could be another way of calculating correlation in addition to existing methods. The method uses binomial distribution, which has not been used until yet, to assess the significance of association between two variables. We are evaluating the performance of our method on NGS/microarray data, which is noisy and pierce by the outliers, to see if our method can differentiate between spurious and actual correlation. While working with the method, it has not escaped our notice that the method could also be generalized to measure the association of more than two variables which has been proven difficult with the existing methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binomial%20distribution" title="binomial distribution">binomial distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correlation" title=" correlation"> correlation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microarray" title=" microarray"> microarray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outliers" title=" outliers"> outliers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transcriptome" title=" transcriptome"> transcriptome</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60503/assessing-significance-of-correlation-with-binomial-distribution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60503.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> A Comparative Study of Linearly Graded and without Graded Photonic Crystal Structure </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajeev%20Kumar">Rajeev Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angad%20Singh%20Kushwaha"> Angad Singh Kushwaha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amritanshu%20Pandey"> Amritanshu Pandey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20K.%20Srivastava"> S. K. Srivastava</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Photonic crystals (PCs) have attracted much attention due to its electromagnetic properties and potential applications. In PCs, there is certain range of wavelength where electromagnetic waves are not allowed to pass are called photonic band gap (PBG). A localized defect mode will appear within PBG, due to change in the interference behavior of light, when we create a defect in the periodic structure. We can also create different types of defect structures by inserting or removing a layer from the periodic layered structure in two and three-dimensional PCs. We can design microcavity, waveguide, and perfect mirror by creating a point defect, line defect, and palanar defect in two and three- dimensional PC structure. One-dimensional and two-dimensional PCs with defects were reported theoretically and experimentally by Smith et al.. in conventional photonic band gap structure. In the present paper, we have presented the defect mode tunability in tilted non-graded photonic crystal (NGPC) and linearly graded photonic crystal (LGPC) using lead sulphide (PbS) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) in the infrared region. A birefringent defect layer is created in NGPC and LGPC using potassium titany phosphate (KTP). With the help of transfer matrix method, the transmission properties of proposed structure is investigated for transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarization. NGPC and LGPC without defect layer is also investigated. We have found that a photonic band gap (PBG) arises in the infrared region. An additional defect layer of KTP is created in NGPC and LGPC structure. We have seen that an additional transmission mode appers in PBG region. It is due to the addition of defect layer. We have also seen the effect, linear gradation in thickness, angle of incidence, tilt angle, and thickness of defect layer, on PBG and additional transmission mode. We have observed that the additional transmission mode and PBG can be tuned by changing the above parameters. The proposed structure may be used as channeled filter, optical switches, monochromator, and broadband optical reflector. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defect%20modes" title="defect modes">defect modes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graded%20photonic%20crystal" title=" graded photonic crystal"> graded photonic crystal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photonic%20crystal" title=" photonic crystal"> photonic crystal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tilt%20angle" title=" tilt angle"> tilt angle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40533/a-comparative-study-of-linearly-graded-and-without-graded-photonic-crystal-structure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40533.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Detection and Characterization of Micro-Plastics and Screening of PEG and PVP Polymers Utilising Bacteria from the Yamuna River, Delhi, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anshika%20Kushwaha">Anshika Kushwaha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paulraj%20Rajamani"> Paulraj Rajamani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microplastics have become pervasive environmental pollutants, raising significant concerns due to their potential impacts on ecosystems and human health. Their resilience and durability cause major risks, with environmental ramifications affecting both aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Microplastic pollution in riverine systems threatens aquatic life, ecosystem stability, and human health. Major sources include wastewater treatment plants and mismanaged waste, leading to bioaccumulation, toxicity, and potential health risks, including metabolic and immunological disruptions. The presence of microplastics in the immediate aqua environment would encourage the present Bacteria to uptake microplastic polymers as an energy source. The present study investigates the detection and characterization of microplastic polymers in the Yamuna River within the Delhi region of India. Microplastics of various shapes and colors were detected using optical microscopic analytical techniques, and polymer types based on the functional groups were analysed using ATR-FTIR. A number of Bacteria were isolated from the sample of selected study sites using serial dilution; individual colonies were separated based on different shapes, sizes, and colours, and bacterial cultures were subcultured until pure colonies were obtained. Each strain was preserved using 60% glycerol after checking for bacterial exponential phase at 600nm on a UV-visible spectrophotometer. The minimal salt media (MSM) deficient in carbon content containing 2% PEG and PVP as carbon sources were used to screen the Bacteria for polymer uptake on agar plates. Among these, out of 50 bacterial strains capable of utilizing PEG (22) and PVP (35) polymers as carbon sources were screened. Around twenty bacterial strains were found showing common growth in both PEG and PVP-containing media. The screened-out Bacteria were further classified using different biochemical characterization techniques. The findings show an increase in polymer uptake due to increased incubation time. This study may provide insight into how to facilitate the bacterial degradation of microplastics in aquatic environments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microplastics" title="microplastics">microplastics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioremediation" title=" bioremediation"> bioremediation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacterial%20degradation" title=" bacterial degradation"> bacterial degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PEG-polyethylene%20glycol" title=" PEG-polyethylene glycol"> PEG-polyethylene glycol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PVP-polyvinylpyrrolidone" title=" PVP-polyvinylpyrrolidone"> PVP-polyvinylpyrrolidone</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/199051/detection-and-characterization-of-micro-plastics-and-screening-of-peg-and-pvp-polymers-utilising-bacteria-from-the-yamuna-river-delhi-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/199051.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Mapping the Urban Catalytic Trajectory for 'Convention and Exhibition' Projects: A Case of India International Convention and Expo Centre, New Delhi</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhavana%20Gulaty">Bhavana Gulaty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arshia%20Chaudhri"> Arshia Chaudhri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Great civic projects contribute integrally to a city, and every city undergoes a recurring cycle of urban transformations and regeneration by their insertion. The M.I.C.E. (Meetings, Incentives, Convention and Exhibitions) industry is the forbearer of one category of such catalytic civic projects. Through a specific focus on M.I.C.E. destinations, this paper illustrates the multifarious dimensions that urban catalysts impact the city on S.P.U.R. (Seed. Profile. Urbane. Reflections), the theoretical framework of this paper aims to unearth these dimensions in the realm of the COEX (Convention & Exhibition) biosphere. The ‘COEX Biosphere’ is the filter of such catalysts being ecosystems unto themselves. Like a ripple in water, the impact of these strategic interventions focusing on art, culture, trade, and promotion expands right from the trigger; the immediate context to the region and subsequently impacts the global scale. These ripples are known to bring about significant economic, social, and political and network changes. The COEX inventory in the Asian context has one such prominent addition; the proposed India International Convention and Exhibition Centre (IICC) at New Delhi. It is envisioned to be the largest facility in Asia currently and would position India on the global M.I.C.E map. With the first phase of the project scheduled to open for use in the end of 2019, this flagship project of the Government of India is projected to cater to a peak daily footfall of 3,20,000 visitors and estimated to generate 5,00,000 jobs. While the economic benefits are yet to manifest in real time and ‘Good design is good business’ holds true, for the urban transformation to be meaningful, the benefits have to go beyond just a balance sheet for the city’s exchequer. This aspect has been found relatively unexplored in research on these developments. The methodology for investigation will comprise of two steps. The first will be establishing an inventory of the global success stories and associated benefits of COEX projects over the past decade. The rationale for capping the timeframe is the significant paradigm shift that has been observed in their recent conceptualization; for instance ‘Innovation Districts’ conceptualised in the city of Albuquerque that converges into the global economy. The second step would entail a comparative benchmarking of the projected transformations by IICC through a toolkit of parameters. This is posited to yield a matrix that can form the test bed for mapping the catalytic trajectory for projects in the pipeline globally. As a ready reckoner, it purports to be a catalyst to substantiate decision making in the planning stage itself for future projects in similar contexts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalysts" title="catalysts">catalysts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COEX" title=" COEX"> COEX</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.I.C.E." title=" M.I.C.E."> M.I.C.E.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20transformations" title=" urban transformations"> urban transformations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90744/mapping-the-urban-catalytic-trajectory-for-convention-and-exhibition-projects-a-case-of-india-international-convention-and-expo-centre-new-delhi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90744.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Predicting Susceptibility to Coronary Artery Disease using Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms with a Large-Scale Data Extraction from PubMed and Validation in an Asian Population Subset</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20H.%20Reeta">K. H. Reeta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhavana%20Prasher"> Bhavana Prasher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mitali%20Mukerji"> Mitali Mukerji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dhwani%20Dholakia"> Dhwani Dholakia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sangeeta%20Khanna"> Sangeeta Khanna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Archana%20Vats"> Archana Vats</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shivam%20Pandey"> Shivam Pandey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandeep%20Seth"> Sandeep Seth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Subir%20Kumar%20Maulik"> Subir Kumar Maulik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction Research has demonstrated a connection between coronary artery disease (CAD) and genetics. We did a deep literature mining using both bioinformatics and manual efforts to identify the susceptible polymorphisms in coronary artery disease. Further, the study sought to validate these findings in an Asian population. Methodology In first phase, we used an automated pipeline which organizes and presents structured information on SNPs, Population and Diseases. The information was obtained by applying Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to approximately 28 million PubMed abstracts. To accomplish this, we utilized Python scripts to extract and curate disease-related data, filter out false positives, and categorize them into 24 hierarchical groups using named Entity Recognition (NER) algorithms. From the extensive research conducted, a total of 466 unique PubMed Identifiers (PMIDs) and 694 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) related to coronary artery disease (CAD) were identified. To refine the selection process, a thorough manual examination of all the studies was carried out. Specifically, SNPs that demonstrated susceptibility to CAD and exhibited a positive Odds Ratio (OR) were selected, and a final pool of 324 SNPs was compiled. The next phase involved validating the identified SNPs in DNA samples of 96 CAD patients and 37 healthy controls from Indian population using Global Screening Array. ResultsThe results exhibited out of 324, only 108 SNPs were expressed, further 4 SNPs showed significant difference of minor allele frequency in cases and controls. These were rs187238 of IL-18 gene, rs731236 of VDR gene, rs11556218 of IL16 gene and rs5882 of CETP gene. Prior researches have reported association of these SNPs with various pathways like endothelial damage, susceptibility of vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms, and reduction of HDL-cholesterol levels, ultimately leading to the development of CAD. Among these, only rs731236 had been studied in Indian population and that too in diabetes and vitamin D deficiency. For the first time, these SNPs were reported to be associated with CAD in Indian population. Conclusion: This pool of 324 SNP s is a unique kind of resource that can help to uncover risk associations in CAD. Here, we validated in Indian population. Further, validation in different populations may offer valuable insights and contribute to the development of a screening tool and may help in enabling the implementation of primary prevention strategies targeted at the vulnerable population. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coronary%20artery%20disease" title="coronary artery disease">coronary artery disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20nucleotide%20polymorphism" title=" single nucleotide polymorphism"> single nucleotide polymorphism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=susceptible%20SNP" title=" susceptible SNP"> susceptible SNP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioinformatics" title=" bioinformatics"> bioinformatics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169449/predicting-susceptibility-to-coronary-artery-disease-using-single-nucleotide-polymorphisms-with-a-large-scale-data-extraction-from-pubmed-and-validation-in-an-asian-population-subset" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169449.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Participatory Action Research for Sustainability with Special Focus on Student Initiatives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soni%20T.%20L.">Soni T. L.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sustainable environmental stress is a major concern which needs immediate attention. This paper is an attempt to present participatory action research for sustainable agriculture. Being first and best culture, agriculture protects and improves the natural environment, the social and economic conditions of people, and safeguards the health and welfare of all groups. During course of time agriculture turned to agribusiness, then the values are not safeguarded. Moreover, in today’s busy life many are not taking efforts to take part in agriculture production. Then children are not getting the opportunity to understand agriculture and farming practices. So student initiatives are vital to make them aware. Here the programmes structured by the researcher come under the auspicious of National Service Scheme, a student-centered educational programme, organized by Ministry of Youth Affairs, Government of India. The twin objectives of the study are to examine the role of student initiatives for sustainable agriculture and the role of participatory action research in student initiatives. SWOT analysis is made to study strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities. The Methodology adopted is Participatory Action Research. The method is participatory in a sense there is collaboration through participation. The method is action, there is lab land experiences which is real. The method is research that there is documented lessons and creation of new knowledge. Plan of action cover measures adopted and strategies taken i.e., bhavana – kalpana – yojana – sadhana. Through the team effort, the team was successful in converting more than 10 hectares of barren land into cultivable land within and outside the campus. Team efforts of students saved a huge amount of labour cost and produced a huge quantity of organic output and the team was also successful in creating 1000 rain pits in the premises of College for rainwater harvesting. The findings include conveyance of the Message: Food Production is superior to Food donation. Moreover, the study fostered good work ethic and social responsibility among students. Students undertake innovative programmes underlying social and environmental issues and participants got increased opportunities to interact with local and less privileged and acquired increased awareness about real-life experiences which make them confident to interact with people and it resulted in the strengthening of social capital- cooperation, team spirit, social commitment among students. Participants promoted sustainable domestic efforts and ultimately environmental protection is ensured. Finally, there is recognition to the team, institution and the researcher at the university level, state level and at the national level. The learned lessons are, if the approach is good, the response is good and success generates success. Participatory action research is empowering experience for practitioners, focusing the combined time, energy and creativity of a committed group we should lead so many programmes which makes the institution centre of excellence. Authorities should take necessary steps for the Inclusion of community development activities in the curriculum. Action research is problem, client and action centered. So, we must adapt and adopt, coordinates and correlates measures which preserve and conserve the environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=participatory%20action%20research" title="participatory action research">participatory action research</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20initiatives" title=" student initiatives"> student initiatives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title=" sustainable development"> sustainable development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83184/participatory-action-research-for-sustainability-with-special-focus-on-student-initiatives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83184.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2025 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>