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id="toc-Written_publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Member_of_the_European_Parliament_(1999–2004)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Member_of_the_European_Parliament_(1999–2004)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Member of the European Parliament (1999–2004)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Member_of_the_European_Parliament_(1999–2004)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parliamentary_candidate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parliamentary_candidate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Parliamentary candidate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parliamentary_candidate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Member_of_Parliament_(2005–2017)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Member_of_Parliament_(2005–2017)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Member of Parliament (2005–2017)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Member_of_Parliament_(2005–2017)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Member of Parliament (2005–2017) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Member_of_Parliament_(2005–2017)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Liberal_Democrats'_Home_Affairs_spokesperson" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liberal_Democrats'_Home_Affairs_spokesperson"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Liberal Democrats' Home Affairs spokesperson</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liberal_Democrats'_Home_Affairs_spokesperson-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sir_Menzies_Campbell's_resignation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sir_Menzies_Campbell's_resignation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Sir Menzies Campbell's resignation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sir_Menzies_Campbell's_resignation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leader_of_the_Liberal_Democrats_(2007–2015)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leader_of_the_Liberal_Democrats_(2007–2015)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Leader of the Liberal Democrats (2007–2015)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Leader_of_the_Liberal_Democrats_(2007–2015)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Leader of the Liberal Democrats (2007–2015) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Leader_of_the_Liberal_Democrats_(2007–2015)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Election_to_the_leadership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Election_to_the_leadership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Election to the leadership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Election_to_the_leadership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-GQ_magazine_interview_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GQ_magazine_interview_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.1</span> <span><i>GQ</i> magazine interview controversy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GQ_magazine_interview_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationships_with_the_frontbench" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationships_with_the_frontbench"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Relationships with the frontbench</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationships_with_the_frontbench-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attitudes_to_other_parties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attitudes_to_other_parties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Attitudes to other parties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attitudes_to_other_parties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parliamentary_expenses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parliamentary_expenses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Parliamentary expenses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parliamentary_expenses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perspective" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perspective"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Perspective</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perspective-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Policies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Policies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Policies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Policies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gurkha_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gurkha_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.7</span> <span>Gurkha campaign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gurkha_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deputy_Prime_Minister_(2010–2015)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deputy_Prime_Minister_(2010–2015)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Deputy Prime Minister (2010–2015)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deputy_Prime_Minister_(2010–2015)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opposition_(2015–2017)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opposition_(2015–2017)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Opposition (2015–2017)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opposition_(2015–2017)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Career_after_Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Career_after_Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Career after Parliament</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Career_after_Parliament-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Career after Parliament subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Career_after_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Brexit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brexit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Brexit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brexit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Broadcasting_and_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Broadcasting_and_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Broadcasting and media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Broadcasting_and_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Facebook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Facebook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Facebook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Facebook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_image" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_image"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Public image</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Public_image-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Public image subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Public_image-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Electoral_performance_and_standing_in_the_polls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_performance_and_standing_in_the_polls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Electoral performance and standing in the polls</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_performance_and_standing_in_the_polls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parliamentary_by-elections_(2008–2010)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parliamentary_by-elections_(2008–2010)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Parliamentary by-elections (2008–2010)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parliamentary_by-elections_(2008–2010)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2008_and_2009_local_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2008_and_2009_local_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>2008 and 2009 local elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2008_and_2009_local_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2008_London_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2008_London_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4</span> <span>2008 London elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2008_London_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010_general_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010_general_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.5</span> <span>2010 general election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010_general_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parliamentary_by-elections_(2010–2015)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parliamentary_by-elections_(2010–2015)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.6</span> <span>Parliamentary by-elections (2010–2015)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parliamentary_by-elections_(2010–2015)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2011_local,_Scottish_and_Welsh_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2011_local,_Scottish_and_Welsh_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.7</span> <span>2011 local, Scottish and Welsh elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2011_local,_Scottish_and_Welsh_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2012_local_and_London_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2012_local_and_London_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.8</span> <span>2012 local and London elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2012_local_and_London_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2012_Police_and_Crime_Commissioner_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2012_Police_and_Crime_Commissioner_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.9</span> <span>2012 Police and Crime Commissioner elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2012_Police_and_Crime_Commissioner_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2015_and_2017_general_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2015_and_2017_general_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.10</span> <span>2015 and 2017 general elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2015_and_2017_general_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancestry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancestry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Ancestry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancestry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Styles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Styles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Styles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Styles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books_by_Nick_Clegg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books_by_Nick_Clegg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18.1</span> <span>Books by Nick Clegg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books_by_Nick_Clegg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Essays_by_Nick_Clegg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Essays_by_Nick_Clegg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18.2</span> <span>Essays by Nick Clegg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Essays_by_Nick_Clegg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books_about_Nick_Clegg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books_about_Nick_Clegg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18.3</span> <span>Books about Nick Clegg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books_about_Nick_Clegg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nick Clegg</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 49 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nick Clegg" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%83%D9%84%D8%BA" title="نك كلغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نك كلغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%97" title="নিক ক্লেগ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নিক ক্লেগ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Nick Clegg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nick Clegg" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nick Clegg" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Nick Clegg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nick Clegg" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nick Clegg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nick Clegg" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B9%CE%BA_%CE%9A%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Νικ Κλεγκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νικ Κλεγκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nick Clegg" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nick Clegg" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nick Clegg" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9_%DA%A9%D9%84%DA%AF" title="نیک کلگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیک کلگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nick Clegg" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Nick Clegg" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nick Clegg" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%89_%ED%81%B4%EB%A0%88%EA%B7%B8" title="닉 클레그 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="닉 클레그" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nick Clegg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Nick Clegg" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nick Clegg" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7_%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%92" title="ניק קלג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ניק קלג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Nick Clegg" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%99_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="ნიკ კლეგი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნიკ კლეგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Nick Clegg" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaus_Clegg" title="Nicolaus Clegg – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nicolaus Clegg" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niks_Klegs" title="Niks Klegs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Niks Klegs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nick Clegg" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83_%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC" title="نيك كليج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نيك كليج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nick Clegg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nick Clegg" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AC%E3%83%83%E3%82%B0" title="ニック・クレッグ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニック・クレッグ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nick Clegg" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nick Clegg" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nick Clegg" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Clegg" title="Nicholas Clegg – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nicholas Clegg" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B3,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Клегг, Ник – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Клегг, Ник" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Nick Clegg" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Nick Clegg" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nick Clegg" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nick Clegg" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9_%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8E%DA%AF" title="نیک کلێگ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نیک کلێگ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nick Clegg" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nick Clegg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nick Clegg" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B3" title="Нік Клегг – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нік Клегг" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E7%90%86%E6%AD%B7" title="紀理歷 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="紀理歷" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%90%8A%E6%A0%BC" title="尼克·克萊格 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="尼克·克萊格" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q189947#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2010 to 2015</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Nicholas Clegg" redirects here. For his father, the British businessman, see <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_P._Clegg" title="Nicholas P. Clegg">Nicholas P. Clegg</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Honourable" title="The Right Honourable">The Right Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Sir Nick Clegg</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:UK_Government_hosts_AI_Summit_at_Bletchley_Park_(53304834396)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/UK_Government_hosts_AI_Summit_at_Bletchley_Park_%2853304834396%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-UK_Government_hosts_AI_Summit_at_Bletchley_Park_%2853304834396%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/UK_Government_hosts_AI_Summit_at_Bletchley_Park_%2853304834396%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-UK_Government_hosts_AI_Summit_at_Bletchley_Park_%2853304834396%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/UK_Government_hosts_AI_Summit_at_Bletchley_Park_%2853304834396%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-UK_Government_hosts_AI_Summit_at_Bletchley_Park_%2853304834396%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1222" data-file-height="1628" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Clegg at the 2023 <a href="/wiki/AI_Safety_Summit" title="AI Safety Summit">AI Safety Summit</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />12 May 2010 – 8 May 2015</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Prescott" title="John Prescott">John Prescott</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Raab" title="Dominic Raab">Dominic Raab</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Lord_President_of_the_Council" title="Lord President of the Council">Lord President of the Council</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />12 May 2010 – 8 May 2015</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">David Cameron</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_Mandelson" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lord Mandelson">The Lord Mandelson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Grayling" title="Chris Grayling">Chris Grayling</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Liberal_Democrats" title="Leader of the Liberal Democrats">Leader of the Liberal Democrats</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />18 December 2007 – 16 July 2015</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Hughes" title="Simon Hughes">Simon Hughes</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Scott,_Baroness_Scott_of_Needham_Market" title="Rosalind Scott, Baroness Scott of Needham Market">The Baroness Scott of Needham Market</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tim_Farron" title="Tim Farron">Tim Farron</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sal_Brinton" title="Sal Brinton">The Baroness Brinton</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Leader_of_the_Liberal_Democrats" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Leader of the Liberal Democrats">Deputy</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vince_Cable" title="Vince Cable">Vince Cable</a><br />Simon Hughes<br /><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Bruce" title="Malcolm Bruce">Malcolm Bruce</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Menzies_Campbell" title="Menzies Campbell">Menzies Campbell</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Farron" title="Tim Farron">Tim Farron</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a><br />for <a href="/wiki/Sheffield_Hallam_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Sheffield Hallam (UK Parliament constituency)">Sheffield Hallam</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />5 May 2005 – 3 May 2017</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Allan" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Allan">Richard Allan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jared_O%27Mara" title="Jared O'Mara">Jared O'Mara</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">Member of the European Parliament</a><br />for <a href="/wiki/East_Midlands_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="East Midlands (European Parliament constituency)">East Midlands</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />10 June 1999 – 10 June 2004</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Constituency established</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kilroy-Silk" title="Robert Kilroy-Silk">Robert Kilroy-Silk</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Liberal Democrat portfolios</th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">2006–2007</span></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_Home_Affairs_spokesperson" title="Liberal Democrat Home Affairs spokesperson">Home Affairs</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">2016–2017</span></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Department_for_Exiting_the_European_Union" title="Department for Exiting the European Union">Brexit</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">2016–2017</span></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Department_for_International_Trade" title="Department for International Trade">International Trade</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Nicholas William Peter Clegg</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1967-01-07</span>) </span>7 January 1967<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 58)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Chalfont_St_Giles" title="Chalfont St Giles">Chalfont St Giles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire" title="Buckinghamshire">Buckinghamshire</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Miriam_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Dur%C3%A1ntez" title="Miriam González Durántez">Miriam González Durántez</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="24 September 2000">2000</span>)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Residence(s)</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Atherton,_California" title="Atherton, California">Atherton, California</a>, US</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Westminster_School" title="Westminster School">Westminster School</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robinson_College,_Cambridge" title="Robinson College, Cambridge">Robinson College, Cambridge</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">University of Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Europe" title="College of Europe">College of Europe</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">MA</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_Nick_Clegg.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Nick Clegg's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Signature_of_Nick_Clegg.png/128px-Signature_of_Nick_Clegg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Signature_of_Nick_Clegg.png/192px-Signature_of_Nick_Clegg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Signature_of_Nick_Clegg.png/256px-Signature_of_Nick_Clegg.png 2x" data-file-width="398" data-file-height="222" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nickclegg.org.uk/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189947#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Nick_Clegg_BBC_Radio4_Desert_Island_Discs_24_October_2010_b00vhdmb.flac" title="File:Nick Clegg BBC Radio4 Desert Island Discs 24 October 2010 b00vhdmb.flac">Clegg's voice</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="36" data-mwtitle="Nick_Clegg_BBC_Radio4_Desert_Island_Discs_24_October_2010_b00vhdmb.flac" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/Nick_Clegg_BBC_Radio4_Desert_Island_Discs_24_October_2010_b00vhdmb.flac/Nick_Clegg_BBC_Radio4_Desert_Island_Discs_24_October_2010_b00vhdmb.flac.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/Nick_Clegg_BBC_Radio4_Desert_Island_Discs_24_October_2010_b00vhdmb.flac/Nick_Clegg_BBC_Radio4_Desert_Island_Discs_24_October_2010_b00vhdmb.flac.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Nick_Clegg_BBC_Radio4_Desert_Island_Discs_24_October_2010_b00vhdmb.flac" type="audio/flac" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description"><i><a href="/wiki/Desert_Island_Discs" title="Desert Island Discs">Desert Island Discs</a></i>, 24 October 2010<sup id="cite_ref-BBC-b00vhdmb_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-b00vhdmb-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sir Nicholas William Peter Clegg</b> (born 7 January 1967) is a British retired politician and media executive who served as <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a> from 2010 to 2015 and as <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Liberal_Democrats" title="Leader of the Liberal Democrats">Leader of the Liberal Democrats</a> from 2007 to 2015. He was <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a> (MP) for <a href="/wiki/Sheffield_Hallam_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Sheffield Hallam (UK Parliament constituency)">Sheffield Hallam</a> from 2005 to 2017. An "<a href="/wiki/The_Orange_Book" title="The Orange Book">Orange Book</a>" liberal,<sup id="cite_ref-orangebook_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-orangebook-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he has been associated with both <a href="/wiki/Socially_liberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Socially liberal">socially liberal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economically_liberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Economically liberal">economically liberal</a> policies.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire" title="Buckinghamshire">Buckinghamshire</a>, Clegg was educated at <a href="/wiki/Westminster_School" title="Westminster School">Westminster School</a> before going on to study at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">University of Minnesota</a> and <a href="/wiki/College_of_Europe" title="College of Europe">College of Europe</a>. He worked as a journalist for the <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i> before becoming a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">Member of the European Parliament</a> (MEP) in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After his election to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a> in 2005, Clegg served in a variety of leadership roles in the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a>, most notably as <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_Home_Affairs_spokesperson" title="Liberal Democrat Home Affairs spokesperson">spokesperson for Home Affairs</a>, before being elected to succeed <a href="/wiki/Menzies_Campbell" title="Menzies Campbell">Menzies Campbell</a> as party leader in <a href="/wiki/2007_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="2007 Liberal Democrats leadership election">2007</a>. During his tenure as leader, Clegg said that the Liberal Democrats had <a href="/wiki/Triangulation_(politics)" title="Triangulation (politics)">transcended left and right-wing politics</a> and described the party as <a href="/wiki/Radical_centrism" title="Radical centrism">radical centrist</a>. He supported reduced taxes, electoral reform, cuts on defence spending and an increased focus on environmental issues. </p><p>As a result of the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2010 United Kingdom general election">2010 general election</a>, Clegg's Liberal Democrats found themselves with 57 seats in the House of Commons. The <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a>, which failed to receive a majority, formed <a href="/wiki/Cameron%E2%80%93Clegg_coalition" title="Cameron–Clegg coalition">a coalition</a> with the Liberal Democrats, and Clegg was appointed by Conservative leader <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a> to serve as his Deputy Prime Minister. In <a href="/wiki/Nick_Clegg%27s_tenure_as_Deputy_Prime_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Nick Clegg's tenure as Deputy Prime Minister">this capacity</a>, he became the first leader of the Liberal Democrats to answer for the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Questions" title="Prime Minister's Questions">Prime Minister's Questions</a>, and used his influence in the position to pass the <a href="/wiki/Fixed-term_Parliaments_Act_2011" title="Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011">Fixed-term Parliaments Act</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-takebackpower1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-takebackpower1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Controversy arose during this time surrounding the Liberal Democrats' decision to abandon their pledge to oppose increases in tuition fees, which had previously been a key issue that won the party support from students.<sup id="cite_ref-libdems6_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-libdems6-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the party's time in coalition, the Liberal Democrats saw a significant drop in support,<sup id="cite_ref-thisislondon1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thisislondon1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/2015_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2015 United Kingdom general election">2015 general election</a> left the party with just 8 seats, which resulted in Clegg's ousting as Deputy Prime Minister and his resignation as party leader.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, following a <a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">referendum</a> in which a majority supported leaving the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, Clegg returned to the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_frontbench_team" title="Liberal Democrat frontbench team">Liberal Democrat frontbench</a>, concurrently serving as Spokesperson for Exiting the European Union and for International Trade from July 2016 to June 2017. In the <a href="/wiki/2017_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2017 United Kingdom general election">2017 general election</a>, Clegg was defeated in his constituency of Sheffield Hallam by <a href="/wiki/Jared_O%27Mara" title="Jared O'Mara">Jared O'Mara</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-telegraph2_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was appointed a <a href="/wiki/Knight_Bachelor" title="Knight Bachelor">Knight Bachelor</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2018_New_Year_Honours" title="2018 New Year Honours">2018 New Year Honours</a> for political and public service. </p><p>Clegg left politics after losing his seat and relocated to the United States, where in October 2018 he became vice‑president of global affairs and communications at Facebook, Inc. (renamed <a href="/wiki/Meta_Platforms" title="Meta Platforms">Meta Platforms</a> in 2021). He was promoted to president for global affairs in 2022. Clegg announced he would step down from the role and leave Meta in 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_family">Early life and family</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks sidebar-person vcard hlist" style="border-color: grey"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><table><tbody><tr> <td class="sidebar-person-title-image" style="background-color:#FAA61A;color:inherit;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nick_Clegg_v2_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Nick_Clegg_v2_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Nick_Clegg_v2_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Nick_Clegg_v2_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Nick_Clegg_v2_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Nick_Clegg_v2_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Nick_Clegg_v2_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></td> <td class="sidebar-person-title" style="background-color:#FAA61A;color:white;"><div><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">This article is part of <br />a series about</span></div><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Nick Clegg</span></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Midlands_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="East Midlands (European Parliament constituency)">MEP for the East Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheffield_Hallam_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Sheffield Hallam (UK Parliament constituency)">MP for Sheffield Hallam</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Liberal_Democrats" title="Leader of the Liberal Democrats">Leader</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a> (2007–2015)</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2007_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="2007 Liberal Democrats leadership election">2007 leadership election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontbench_Team_of_Nick_Clegg" title="Frontbench Team of Nick Clegg">Frontbench Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2010 United Kingdom general election">2010 general election</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Deputy Prime Minister</a> (2010–2015)</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Clegg_as_Deputy_Prime_Minister" title="Nick Clegg as Deputy Prime Minister">Tenure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameron%E2%80%93Clegg_coalition" title="Cameron–Clegg coalition">Coalition</a> (<a href="/wiki/Conservative%E2%80%93Liberal_Democrat_coalition_agreement" title="Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition agreement">Agreement</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Tuition_fees">Tuition fees apology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_United_Kingdom_Alternative_Vote_referendum" title="2011 United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum">2011 AV referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fixed-term_Parliaments_Act_2011" title="Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011">Fixed-term Parliaments Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2014 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2014 European election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2015 United Kingdom general election">2015 general election</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Post-Deputy Prime Minister</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">2016 EU referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Vote" title="People's Vote">People's Vote</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_Nick_Clegg.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Signature_of_Nick_Clegg.png/100px-Signature_of_Nick_Clegg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Signature_of_Nick_Clegg.png/150px-Signature_of_Nick_Clegg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Signature_of_Nick_Clegg.png/200px-Signature_of_Nick_Clegg.png 2x" data-file-width="398" data-file-height="222" /></a></span><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(HM_Government)_(St_Edwards_Crown).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/40px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/60px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/80px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1530" data-file-height="1256" /></a></span><br /> </p> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nick_Clegg_sidebar" title="Template:Nick Clegg sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nick_Clegg_sidebar" title="Template talk:Nick Clegg sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nick_Clegg_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nick Clegg sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Nick Clegg was born in <a href="/wiki/Chalfont_St_Giles" title="Chalfont St Giles">Chalfont St Giles</a>, Buckinghamshire,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> the third of four children of Hermance van den Wall Bake and <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_P._Clegg" title="Nicholas P. Clegg">Nicholas Peter Clegg</a>, chairman of United Trust Bank<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a former trustee of the <a href="/wiki/Daiwa_Anglo-Japanese_Foundation" title="Daiwa Anglo-Japanese Foundation">Daiwa Anglo-Japanese Foundation</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (where <a href="/wiki/Ken_Clarke" class="mw-redirect" title="Ken Clarke">Ken Clarke</a> was an adviser).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Clegg has one-quarter <a href="/wiki/Baltic-German" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltic-German">Baltic-German</a> ancestry. His paternal grandmother, <a href="/wiki/Engelhardt_family" title="Engelhardt family">Baroness Kira von Engelhardt</a>, of <a href="/wiki/Smolensk" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a>, was a Baltic-German noblewoman, niece of <a href="/wiki/Moura_Budberg" title="Moura Budberg">Moura Budberg</a>, adventuress and suspected <a href="/wiki/Double_agent" title="Double agent">double agent</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the granddaughter of <a href="/wiki/Attorney_general" title="Attorney general">attorney general</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Russia">Imperial Russian</a> Senate, Ignatiy Platonovich Zakrevsky.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through this Russian connection, Clegg is distantly related to <a href="/wiki/Michael_Ignatieff" title="Michael Ignatieff">Michael Ignatieff</a>, leader of the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party of Canada</a> from 2008 to 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His English grandfather was <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Clegg_(physician)" title="Hugh Clegg (physician)">Hugh Anthony Clegg</a>, editor of the <i><a href="/wiki/The_BMJ" title="The BMJ">British Medical Journal</a></i> for 35 years.<sup id="cite_ref-telegraph1_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Clegg's mother is Dutch<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was <a href="/wiki/Interned" class="mw-redirect" title="Interned">interned</a>, along with her family, by the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Japanese military</a> in <a href="/wiki/History_of_Jakarta" title="History of Jakarta">Batavia</a> (Jakarta) in the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a> (Indonesia) during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>. She met Clegg's father during a visit to England in 1956,<sup id="cite_ref-telegraph1_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and they married on 1 August 1959. </p><p>Clegg is <a href="/wiki/Multilingual" class="mw-redirect" title="Multilingual">multilingual</a>. He speaks English, French, Dutch, German, and Spanish.<sup id="cite_ref-lang1_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lang1-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lang2_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lang2-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lang3_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lang3-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His background has informed his politics. He says, "There is simply not a shred of racism in me, as a person whose whole family is formed by flight from persecution, from different people in different generations. It's what I am. It's one of the reasons I am a liberal."<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His Dutch mother instilled in him "a degree of scepticism about the entrenched <a href="/wiki/Social_structure_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Social structure of the United Kingdom">class configurations in British society</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-ekklesia_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ekklesia-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Westminster_School_Arch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Westminster_School_Arch.jpg/220px-Westminster_School_Arch.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Westminster_School_Arch.jpg/330px-Westminster_School_Arch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Westminster_School_Arch.jpg/440px-Westminster_School_Arch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Westminster_School" title="Westminster School">Westminster School</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Clegg was educated at two <a href="/wiki/Private_schools_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Private schools in the United Kingdom">private schools</a>: at <a href="/wiki/Caldicott_School" title="Caldicott School">Caldicott School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Farnham_Royal" title="Farnham Royal">Farnham Royal</a> in South <a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire" title="Buckinghamshire">Buckinghamshire</a>, where he was joint Head Prefect in 1980,<sup id="cite_ref-onlinenigeria_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-onlinenigeria-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and later at <a href="/wiki/Westminster_School" title="Westminster School">Westminster School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Central_London" title="Central London">Central London</a>. As a 16-year-old <a href="/wiki/Exchange_student" class="mw-redirect" title="Exchange student">exchange student</a> in Munich, he and a friend drunkenly set fire to what he called "the leading collection of <a href="/wiki/Cacti" class="mw-redirect" title="Cacti">cacti</a> in Germany".<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When news of the incident was reported during his time as <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_Home_Affairs_spokesperson" title="Liberal Democrat Home Affairs spokesperson">Liberal Democrat Home Affairs spokesperson</a>, Clegg said he was "not proud" of it.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was arrested and not formally charged, but performed a type of <a href="/wiki/Community_service" title="Community service">community service</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto2_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Clegg spent a <a href="/wiki/Gap_year" title="Gap year">gap year</a> working as a skiing instructor in <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, before going on to <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">Cambridge</a> in 1986, where he studied Archaeology and Anthropology at <a href="/wiki/Robinson_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Robinson College">Robinson College</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bb_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bb-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was active in the student theatre, acting in a production of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Normal_Heart" title="The Normal Heart">The Normal Heart</a></i> under the director <a href="/wiki/Sam_Mendes" title="Sam Mendes">Sam Mendes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bb_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bb-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-typepad1_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-typepad1-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also captain of his college's tennis team, and campaigned for the human rights organisation <a href="/wiki/Survival_International" title="Survival International">Survival International</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clegg spent the summer of 1989 as an office junior in <a href="/wiki/Postipankki" class="mw-redirect" title="Postipankki">Postipankki</a> bank in <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has been alleged that Clegg joined the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Conservative_Association" title="Cambridge University Conservative Association">Cambridge University Conservative Association</a> between 1986 and 1987. Clegg has maintained he has "no recollection of that whatsoever". However, Conservative MP <a href="/wiki/Greg_Hands" title="Greg Hands">Greg Hands</a> has a record of CUCA members for 1986–1987, and Clegg's name appears on the list. Hands noted that "for the avoidance of any doubt, there was only one 'N Clegg' at Robinson College ... [he] is listed in the 'Robinson College Record', under 'Freshmen 1986'.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-blogs_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blogs-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He graduated with an upper second class honours (2:1) degree in social anthropology.<sup id="cite_ref-lrb_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lrb-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After university, he was awarded a scholarship to study for a year at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">University of Minnesota</a>, where he wrote a thesis on the political philosophy of the <a href="/wiki/Deep_ecology" title="Deep ecology">Deep Green movement</a>. He then moved to New York City, where he worked as an intern under <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hitchens" title="Christopher Hitchens">Christopher Hitchens</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">progressive liberal</a> magazine, where he fact-checked Hitchens's articles.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Daily_Politics_profile_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_Daily_Politics_profile-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Clegg next moved to <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, where he worked alongside <a href="/wiki/Guy_Spier" title="Guy Spier">Guy Spier</a> for six months as a trainee in the G24 coordination unit which delivered aid to the countries of the former <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. After the internship he studied for a master's degree at the <a href="/wiki/College_of_Europe" title="College of Europe">College of Europe</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges">Bruges</a>, a university for European studies in Belgium, where he met his wife, <a href="/wiki/Miriam_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Dur%C3%A1ntez" title="Miriam González Durántez">Miriam González Durántez</a>, a lawyer and the daughter of a Spanish senator.<sup id="cite_ref-typepad1_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-typepad1-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nick Clegg is an alumnus of the "<a href="/wiki/College_of_Europe#Promotions" title="College of Europe">Mozart Promotion</a>" (1991–92) of the College of Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Careers_before_politics">Careers before politics</h2></div> <p>Between 1992 and 1993, he was employed by GJW Government Relations Ltd, which lobbied on behalf of <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Arab_Jamahiriya" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan Arab Jamahiriya">Libya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1993, Clegg won the inaugural <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span> David Thomas Prize, in remembrance of an <i>FT</i> journalist killed on assignment in <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> in 1991. He was later sent to Hungary, where he wrote articles about the mass privatisation of industries in the former <a href="/wiki/Communist_bloc" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist bloc">communist bloc</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-typepad1_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-typepad1-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He took up a post at the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> in April 1994, working in the <a href="/wiki/TACIS" class="mw-redirect" title="TACIS">TACIS</a> aid programme to the <a href="/wiki/Former_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Former Soviet Union">former Soviet Union</a>. For two years, Clegg was responsible for developing direct aid programmes in Central Asia and the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> worth €50 million. He was involved in negotiations with Russia on airline overflight rights, and launched a conference in <a href="/wiki/Tashkent" title="Tashkent">Tashkent</a> in 1993 that founded <a href="/wiki/TRACECA" title="TRACECA">TRACECA</a>—an international transport programme for the development of a <a href="/wiki/Transport_corridor" title="Transport corridor">transport corridor</a> for Europe, the Caucasus and Asia. <a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_the_European_Commission" title="Vice-President of the European Commission">Vice-President</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Trade" title="European Commissioner for Trade">Trade Commissioner</a> <a href="/wiki/Leon_Brittan" title="Leon Brittan">Leon Brittan</a> then offered him a job in his private office, as a European Union policy adviser and speechwriter. As part of this role, Clegg was in charge of the EC negotiating team on Chinese and Russian accession talks to the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-typepad1_37-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-typepad1-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Written_publications">Written publications</h3></div> <p>Clegg has written extensively, publishing and contributing to a large number of pamphlets and books. With <a href="/wiki/Dr_Richard_Grayson" class="mw-redirect" title="Dr Richard Grayson">Dr Richard Grayson</a> he wrote a book in 2002 about the importance of devolution in secondary education systems, based on comparative research across Europe. The final conclusions included the idea of <a href="/wiki/Pupil_premium" title="Pupil premium">pupil premiums</a> so that children from poorer backgrounds receive the additional resources their educational needs require. </p><p>He wrote a controversial pamphlet for the Centre for European Reform advocating devolution and evolution of the European Union, and contributed to the 2004 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Orange_Book:_Reclaiming_Liberalism" class="mw-redirect" title="The Orange Book: Reclaiming Liberalism">Orange Book</a></i>, where he offered <a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">market liberal</a> solutions for reform of European institutions.<sup id="cite_ref-orangebook_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-orangebook-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He co-authored a pamphlet with Duncan Brack arguing for a wholesale reform of world trade rules to allow room for a greater emphasis on development, internationally binding environmental treaties, and <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary democracy">parliamentary democracy</a> within the WTO system. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Member_of_the_European_Parliament_(1999–2004)"><span id="Member_of_the_European_Parliament_.281999.E2.80.932004.29"></span>Member of the European Parliament (1999–2004)</h2></div> <p>In 1998, Clegg was selected as the lead Liberal Democrat candidate for the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> in the <a href="/wiki/East_Midlands_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="East Midlands (European Parliament constituency)">East Midlands</a> constituency; the following year, <a href="/wiki/Paddy_Ashdown" title="Paddy Ashdown">Paddy Ashdown</a> was first to tip him as a politician to watch.<sup id="cite_ref-cleggbackground_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cleggbackground-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On his election in 1999, he was the first Liberal parliamentarian elected in the <a href="/wiki/East_Midlands" title="East Midlands">East Midlands</a> since <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Pickering_(politician)" title="Ernest Pickering (politician)">Ernest Pickering</a> was elected MP for <a href="/wiki/Leicester_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Leicester West">Leicester West</a> in 1931, and was credited with helping to significantly boost the Liberal Democrat poll rating in the region in the six months after his election. Clegg worked extensively during his time as an MEP to support the party in the region, not least in <a href="/wiki/Chesterfield_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Chesterfield (UK Parliament constituency)">Chesterfield</a> where <a href="/wiki/Paul_Holmes_(Chesterfield_MP)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Holmes (Chesterfield MP)">Paul Holmes</a> was elected as MP in <a href="/wiki/2001_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2001 United Kingdom general election">2001</a>. Clegg helped persuade Conservative MEP <a href="/wiki/Bill_Newton_Dunn" title="Bill Newton Dunn">Bill Newton Dunn</a> to defect to the Liberal Democrats, with Newton Dunn subsequently succeeding him as MEP for the East Midlands.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As an MEP, Clegg co-founded the Campaign for Parliamentary Reform, which led calls for reforms to expenses, transparency and accountability in the European Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was made Trade and Industry spokesman for the <a href="/wiki/European_Liberal_Democrat_and_Reform_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party">European Liberal Democrat and Reform group</a> (ELDR).<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2000, Nick Clegg became the Parliament's Draftsman on a complex new EU telecoms law relating to "<a href="/wiki/Local_loop_unbundling" class="mw-redirect" title="Local loop unbundling">local loop unbundling</a>"—opening-up telephone networks across Europe to competition.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clegg decided to leave Brussels in 2002, arguing in an article in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> newspaper that the battle to persuade the public of the benefits of Europe was being fought at home, not in Brussels.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2004, Clegg explained to the <a href="/wiki/Select_committee_(United_Kingdom)" title="Select committee (United Kingdom)">Select Committee</a> on European Union that the aim of MEPs like himself, who had been active in the debate on the EU's negotiating mandate, was to obtain the right to ratify any major WTO deal entered into by the European Union.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same year he chaired a policy working group for the Liberal Democrats on the <a href="/wiki/Old_age#Third_age" title="Old age">Third Age</a>, which focused on the importance of ending the cliff-edge of retirement and providing greater opportunities for older people to remain active beyond retirement. The group developed initial proposals on transforming post offices to help them survive as community hubs, in particular for older people. He served on <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kennedy" title="Charles Kennedy">Charles Kennedy</a>'s policy review, "Meeting the Challenge", and the "It's About Freedom" working parties. </p><p>Clegg, for four years whilst an MEP, wrote a fortnightly column for <i><a href="/wiki/Guardian_Unlimited" class="mw-redirect" title="Guardian Unlimited">Guardian Unlimited</a></i>. One particular article in 2002 accused <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a> of encouraging "condescension" towards Germany. In an article, Clegg wrote that "all nations have a cross to bear, and none more so than Germany with its memories of Nazism. But the British cross is more insidious still. A misplaced sense of superiority, sustained by delusions of grandeur and a tenacious obsession with the last war, is much harder to shake off".<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The article was dusted down during the 2010 general election campaign when the <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Mail" title="Daily Mail">Daily Mail</a></i> interpreted the article as being a "Nazi slur on Britain" and Clegg had begun to feel the full heat of the British tabloid press following his success during the first <a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election_debates" title="2010 United Kingdom general election debates">leaders' debate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parliamentary_candidate">Parliamentary candidate</h2></div> <p>On leaving the European Parliament, Clegg joined political lobbying firm GPlus in April 2004 as a fifth partner:<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>It's especially exciting to be joining GPlus at a time when Brussels is moving more and more to the centre of business concerns. With the EU taking in ten more countries and adopting a new Constitution, organisations need more than ever intelligent professional help in engaging with the EU institutions.</p></blockquote> <p>Clegg worked on GPlus clients including <a href="/wiki/The_Hertz_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hertz Corporation">The Hertz Corporation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Centrica" title="Centrica">British Gas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ch4FCApil2010_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ch4FCApil2010-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2003, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Allan" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Allan">Richard Allan</a>, the then Liberal Democrat MP for <a href="/wiki/Sheffield_Hallam_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Sheffield Hallam (UK Parliament constituency)">Sheffield Hallam</a>, announced his intention to stand down from the House of Commons. Clegg was selected as the prospective parliamentary candidate. He took up a part-time teaching position in the politics department of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Sheffield" title="University of Sheffield">University of Sheffield</a>, combining it with ongoing EU consultancy work with GPlus. He also gave a series of seminar lectures in the <a href="/wiki/International_relations" title="International relations">international relations</a> Department of the University of Cambridge. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Member_of_Parliament_(2005–2017)"><span id="Member_of_Parliament_.282005.E2.80.932017.29"></span>Member of Parliament (2005–2017)</h2></div> <p>Clegg worked closely with Allan throughout the campaign in Sheffield Hallam—including starring in a local pantomime—and won the seat in the <a href="/wiki/2005_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2005 United Kingdom general election">2005 general election</a> with over 50% of the vote, and a majority of 8,682.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This result represents one of the smallest swings away from a party in a seat where an existing MP has been succeeded by a newcomer (4.3%). He also served as treasurer and secretary of the <a href="/wiki/All-Party_Parliamentary_Group_on_National_Parks" class="mw-redirect" title="All-Party Parliamentary Group on National Parks">All-Party Parliamentary Group on National Parks</a>, a particular interest given that his constituency includes part of the <a href="/wiki/Peak_District_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Peak District National Park">Peak District National Park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following his election to parliament, Clegg was promoted by leader <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kennedy" title="Charles Kennedy">Charles Kennedy</a> to be the party's spokesperson on Europe, focusing on the party's preparations for an expected referendum on the <a href="/wiki/European_constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="European constitution">European constitution</a> and acting as deputy to Foreign Affairs Spokesperson <a href="/wiki/Menzies_Campbell" title="Menzies Campbell">Menzies Campbell</a>. Clegg's ability to articulate liberal values at a very practical level quickly lent him prominence, with many<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (April 2017)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> already seeing him as a future Liberal Democrat leader. Following the resignation of Kennedy on 7 January 2006, Clegg was touted as a possible leadership contender.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was quick to rule himself out however instead declaring his support for <a href="/wiki/Menzies_Campbell" title="Menzies Campbell">Menzies Campbell</a> ahead of his former colleague in the European Parliament <a href="/wiki/Chris_Huhne" title="Chris Huhne">Chris Huhne</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with Campbell going on to win the <a href="/wiki/2006_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="2006 Liberal Democrats leadership election">ballot</a>. Clegg had been a signatory to the letter circulated by <a href="/wiki/Vince_Cable" title="Vince Cable">Vince Cable</a> prior to Kennedy's resignation, which stated his opposition to working under Kennedy's continued leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liberal_Democrats'_Home_Affairs_spokesperson"><span id="Liberal_Democrats.27_Home_Affairs_spokesperson"></span>Liberal Democrats' Home Affairs spokesperson</h3></div> <p>Following the 2006 leadership election, Clegg was promoted to be <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_Home_Affairs_spokesperson" title="Liberal Democrat Home Affairs spokesperson">Home Affairs spokesperson</a>, replacing <a href="/wiki/Mark_Oaten" title="Mark Oaten">Mark Oaten</a>. In this job he spearheaded the Liberal Democrats' defence of civil liberties, proposing a Freedom Bill to repeal what he described as "unnecessary and illiberal legislation",<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> campaigning against <a href="/wiki/National_identity_card_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="National identity card (United Kingdom)">Identity Cards</a> and the retention of innocent people's DNA, and arguing against excessive counter-terrorism legislation. He has campaigned for prison reform, a liberal approach to immigration, and defended the <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Act_1998" title="Human Rights Act 1998">Human Rights Act</a> against ongoing attacks from across the political spectrum. In January 2007, Clegg launched the 'We Can Cut Crime!' campaign, "proposing real action at a national level and acting to cut crime where the Liberal Democrats are in power locally".<sup id="cite_ref-wecancutcrime_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wecancutcrime-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sir_Menzies_Campbell's_resignation"><span id="Sir_Menzies_Campbell.27s_resignation"></span>Sir Menzies Campbell's resignation</h3></div> <p>Clegg caused a degree of controversy when, at the Liberal Democrat party conference in 2007, he admitted his leadership ambitions to journalists at a fringe event.<sup id="cite_ref-Clegg_admits_leadership_ambitions_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clegg_admits_leadership_ambitions-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The admission followed a period of increased media speculation about Sir <a href="/wiki/Menzies_Campbell" title="Menzies Campbell">Menzies Campbell</a>'s leadership, which the admission by Clegg did nothing to reduce and resulted in a rebuke by some of his frontbench colleagues.<sup id="cite_ref-Clegg_admits_leadership_ambitions_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clegg_admits_leadership_ambitions-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This followed a report from <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Maguire_(journalist)" title="Kevin Maguire (journalist)">Kevin Maguire</a> in the <i><a href="/wiki/New_Statesman" title="New Statesman">New Statesman</a></i> that Clegg had failed to hide his disloyalty to Campbell's leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Campbell eventually resigned on 15 October 2007, saying that questions about his leadership were "getting in the way of further progress by the party".<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leader_of_the_Liberal_Democrats_(2007–2015)"><span id="Leader_of_the_Liberal_Democrats_.282007.E2.80.932015.29"></span>Leader of the Liberal Democrats (2007–2015)</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Election_to_the_leadership">Election to the leadership</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vince_Cable_and_Nick_Clegg_by_the_budget_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vince_Cable_and_Nick_Clegg_by_the_budget_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Vince_Cable_and_Nick_Clegg_by_the_budget_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vince_Cable_and_Nick_Clegg_by_the_budget_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Vince_Cable_and_Nick_Clegg_by_the_budget_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vince_Cable_and_Nick_Clegg_by_the_budget_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Vince_Cable_and_Nick_Clegg_by_the_budget_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="508" data-file-height="678" /></a><figcaption>Clegg by the <a href="/wiki/2009_United_Kingdom_budget" title="2009 United Kingdom budget">2009 budget</a></figcaption></figure> <p>After Campbell's resignation, Clegg was regarded by much of the media as front-runner in the <a href="/wiki/2007_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="2007 Liberal Democrats leadership election">leadership election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The BBC's Political Editor <a href="/wiki/Nick_Robinson_(journalist)" title="Nick Robinson (journalist)">Nick Robinson</a> stated the election would be a two-horse race between Clegg and <a href="/wiki/Chris_Huhne" title="Chris Huhne">Chris Huhne</a> who had stood against Campbell in the 2006 election.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On Friday 19 October 2007, Clegg launched his bid to become leader of the Liberal Democrats.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clegg and Huhne clashed in the campaign over <a href="/wiki/UK_Trident_programme" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Trident programme">Trident</a> but were largely in agreement on many other issues. It was announced on 18 December that he had won.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clegg was appointed to the <a href="/wiki/Her_Majesty%27s_Most_Honourable_Privy_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council">Privy Council</a> (PC) on 30 January 2008, and affirmed his membership on 12 March 2008. </p><p>In his acceptance speech upon winning the leadership contest, Clegg declared himself to be "a liberal by temperament, by instinct and by upbringing" and that he believes "Britain [is] a place of tolerance and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_pluralism" title="Cultural pluralism">pluralism</a>". He has stated that he feels "a profound antagonism for prejudice of all sorts".<sup id="cite_ref-ekklesia_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ekklesia-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He declared his priorities as: defending civil liberties; devolving the running of public services to parents, pupils and patients; and protecting the environment.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In an interview on <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_5_Live" title="BBC Radio 5 Live">BBC Radio 5 Live</a> on the morning after his election to the leadership, Clegg stated that he does not believe in God, but that he has "an immense amount of respect for <a href="/wiki/People_of_faith" class="mw-redirect" title="People of faith">people of faith</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-BBC-Clegg-God_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-Clegg-God-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-transcript_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-transcript-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, Clegg elaborated on this question, stating: "I was asked a question once in one of those questions where you're only allowed to answer 'yes' or 'no', and I was asked 'Do you believe in God?' As it happens I don't know whether God exists. I'm much more of an agnostic."<sup id="cite_ref-transcript_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-transcript-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Clegg resigned as the leader of the Liberal Democrats after the <a href="/wiki/2015_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2015 United Kingdom general election">2015 general election</a>. He said the results were "immeasurably more crushing and unkind than he feared".<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Tim_Farron" title="Tim Farron">Tim Farron</a> after a <a href="/wiki/2015_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="2015 Liberal Democrats leadership election">leadership election</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="GQ_magazine_interview_controversy"><i>GQ</i> magazine interview controversy</h4></div> <p>In March 2008, <i><a href="/wiki/GQ" title="GQ">GQ</a></i> magazine ran with an interview conducted by <a href="/wiki/Piers_Morgan" title="Piers Morgan">Piers Morgan</a> in which Clegg admitted to sleeping with "no more than 30" women.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Senior Lib Dem MPs defended his comments; <a href="/wiki/Lembit_%C3%96pik" title="Lembit Öpik">Lembit Öpik</a> said it showed "you can be a human being and a party Leader", and <a href="/wiki/Norman_Lamb" title="Norman Lamb">Norman Lamb</a> that "Nick tries to be absolutely straight in everything that he does, and that might sometimes get him into trouble but he will build a reputation for being honest and straightforward."<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Speaking to the BBC about the interview Clegg said "wisdom with hindsight is an easy thing" as what had been a split second response had been "taken out of context, interpreted, over interpreted and so on".<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationships_with_the_frontbench">Relationships with the frontbench</h3></div> <p>Upon his election Clegg appointed leadership rival Huhne as his replacement as Home Affairs spokesperson and following his strong performances as acting party leader, Vince Cable was retained as the main Treasury spokesperson. Media commentators noted that the Clegg-Huhne-Cable triumvirate provided the Liberal Democrats with an effective political team for the coming years.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 5 March 2008, Clegg suffered a real test following the resignation of three of his front bench team. <a href="/wiki/David_Heath_(politician)" title="David Heath (politician)">David Heath</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alistair_Carmichael" title="Alistair Carmichael">Alistair Carmichael</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tim_Farron" title="Tim Farron">Tim Farron</a> had been told to abstain in the vote for a referendum on the <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Lisbon Treaty">Lisbon Treaty</a> but had wanted to vote in favour and so defied the whip. In addition to the three frontbenchers, a further 12 more backbench LibDem MPs also defied the whip and voted "yes". Clegg said "though we have disagreed on this issue I fully understand and respect their strongly held views on the subject.... However, as they have recognised, the shadow cabinet cannot operate effectively unless the principle of collective responsibility is maintained."<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The resignations happened not long after <a href="/wiki/Michael_Martin,_Baron_Martin_of_Springburn" title="Michael Martin, Baron Martin of Springburn">Michael Martin</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons_(United_Kingdom)" title="Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)">Speaker of the House of Commons</a>, had on 26 February 2008 blocked calls by the Liberal Democrats for an "in or out" referendum on Britain's EU membership. The Speaker's authority was called into question when, led by Nick Clegg, the Liberal Democrats marched out of the House of Commons, calling the Speaker's decision a constitutional "outrage". Just moments earlier, frontbench foreign affairs spokesman for the party <a href="/wiki/Ed_Davey" title="Ed Davey">Ed Davey</a> had been expelled from the chamber by the Speaker's deputy, Sir <a href="/wiki/Michael_Lord" title="Michael Lord">Michael Lord</a>, for further challenging the ruling.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2008, Clegg suffered more allegations of difficulties with the front bench following an article in the <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Mirror" title="Daily Mirror">Daily Mirror</a></i> that reported that Clegg had criticised senior members of his front bench whilst on a plane journey. He told the BBC's Politics Show that "a lot of it is, frankly, fiction".<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>"I believe every single person is extraordinary. The tragedy is that we have a society where too many people never get to fulfil that extraordinary potential. My view – the liberal view – is that government's job is to help them to do it. Not to tell people how to live their lives. But to make their choices possible, to release their potential, no matter who they are. The way to do that is to take power away from those who hoard it. To challenge vested interests. To break down privilege. To clear out the bottlenecks in our society that block opportunity and block progress. And so give everyone a chance to live the life they want."<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">Liberal Democrat Manifesto Launch, 14 April 2010</cite></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attitudes_to_other_parties">Attitudes to other parties</h3></div> <p>In the Commons, Clegg initially concentrated most of his fire on Labour and Prime Minister Gordon Brown, but in the autumn of 2009 began also focusing on <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a> and the Conservatives.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clegg rejected an appeal from Cameron for their two parties to work together.<sup id="cite_ref-news.bbc.co.uk_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news.bbc.co.uk-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clegg argued that the Conservatives were totally different from his party, and that the Lib Dems were the true "progressives" in UK politics.<sup id="cite_ref-news.bbc.co.uk_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news.bbc.co.uk-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the 2009 party conference in Bournemouth, he accused the Conservatives of "simply believing it is their turn" and claimed that come the election the "choice before people is the choice between fake, phoney change from Cameron's Conservatives, and real change the Liberal Democrats offer". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parliamentary_expenses">Parliamentary expenses</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clegg_Victory_for_the_Gurkhas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Clegg_Victory_for_the_Gurkhas.jpg/220px-Clegg_Victory_for_the_Gurkhas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Clegg_Victory_for_the_Gurkhas.jpg/330px-Clegg_Victory_for_the_Gurkhas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Clegg_Victory_for_the_Gurkhas.jpg/440px-Clegg_Victory_for_the_Gurkhas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1066" /></a><figcaption>Clegg with <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chris_Huhne" title="Chris Huhne">Chris Huhne</a> in 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>Clegg became the first party leader in modern political history to call for a Speaker of the House of Commons to resign, describing then-Speaker <a href="/wiki/Michael_Martin,_Baron_Martin_of_Springburn" title="Michael Martin, Baron Martin of Springburn">Michael Martin</a>, following his handling of the expenses scandal, as a defender of the status quo and an obstacle to the reform of Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-typepad1_37-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-typepad1-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In response to revelations about MPs' expenses, Clegg set out his plans for reform of Parliament in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Speaking about the plans, he said: "let us bar the gates of Westminster and stop MPs leaving for their summer holidays until this crisis has been sorted out, and every nook and cranny of our political system has been reformed." He argued for the "reinvention of British politics" within 100 days, calling for a commitment to accept the Kelly expenses report in full; the power to <a href="/wiki/Recall_election" title="Recall election">recall</a> members suspended for misconduct; <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> reform; reform of party funding; fixed-term parliaments; enabling legislation for a referendum on <a href="/wiki/AV%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="AV+">AV+</a>; and changes to House of Commons procedure to reduce executive power.<sup id="cite_ref-takebackpower1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-takebackpower1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shortly ahead of the election, Clegg was asked about his own expenses by <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Neil" title="Andrew Neil">Andrew Neil</a> of the BBC. Clegg allegedly claimed the full amount permissible under the Additional Cost Allowance, including claims for food, gardening and redecorating his second home. <i>The Telegraph</i> also said Clegg claimed £80 for international call charges, a claim he said he would repay.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perspective">Perspective</h3></div> <p>Clegg aimed to modernise the Liberal Democrat Party at the same time as maintaining its traditions of political and philosophical <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberalism</a>. In 2011, he told a party conference that the Liberal Democrats were <a href="/wiki/Radical_centrist" class="mw-redirect" title="Radical centrist">radical centrist</a> in orientation: "Our opponents try to divide us with their outdated labels of left and right. But we are not on the left and we are not on the right. We have our own label: Liberal. We are liberals and we own the freehold to the centre ground of British politics. Our politics is the politics of the radical centre."<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Policies">Policies</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nick_Clegg_being_presented_a_Gurkha_Hat,_by_a_Gurkha_veteran.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Nick_Clegg_being_presented_a_Gurkha_Hat%2C_by_a_Gurkha_veteran.jpg/210px-Nick_Clegg_being_presented_a_Gurkha_Hat%2C_by_a_Gurkha_veteran.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Nick_Clegg_being_presented_a_Gurkha_Hat%2C_by_a_Gurkha_veteran.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Clegg being presented with a Gurkha hat by a Gurkha veteran during his <a href="/wiki/Maidstone" title="Maidstone">Maidstone</a> visit to celebrate the success of their joint campaign for the right to live in Britain, 2009</figcaption></figure><p>When he became leader of the Liberal Democrats, Clegg called for more choice for patients on waiting lists in the <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Service" title="National Health Service">National Health Service</a> (NHS), giving them the option to go private and to be funded by the NHS if they wish; a substantial tax cut to "put more money back into the pockets of people", better action on the environment, the abandonment of Britain's Trident missile-defence system, <a href="/wiki/Fixed-term_election" title="Fixed-term election">fixed-term parliaments</a>; devolving more power to local councils; giving constituents the power to force a by-election if their MP was found responsible for serious wrongdoing; and a slimming of government across the board.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clegg campaigned to cut spending on defence projects such as <a href="/wiki/Eurofighter" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurofighter">Eurofighter</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/UK_Trident_programme" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Trident programme">UK Trident programme</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As regards public spending, at the party's 2009 conference in Bournemouth Clegg argued for "savage" spending cuts and said politicians need to treat voters "like grown ups" whilst accusing the Labour and Conservative parties of indulging in "childish games" over the "c-word".<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gurkha_campaign">Gurkha campaign</h3></div> <p>On 29 April 2009 the Liberal Democrats proposed in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a> to offer all Gurkhas an equal right of residence; the motion resulted in a defeat for the Government by 267 votes to 246. It was the only first day motion defeat for a government since 1978. On speaking about the result Clegg said "this is an immense victory [...] for the rights of Gurkhas who have been waiting so long for justice, a victory for Parliament, a victory for decency". He added that it was "the kind of thing people want this country to do".<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 21 May 2009, the Home Secretary <a href="/wiki/Jacqui_Smith" title="Jacqui Smith">Jacqui Smith</a> announced that all Gurkha veterans who retired before 1997 with at least four years' service could settle in the UK. The actress and daughter of Gurkha corps Major James Lumley, <a href="/wiki/Joanna_Lumley" title="Joanna Lumley">Joanna Lumley</a>, who had highlighted the treatment of the Gurkhas and campaigned for their rights, commented: "This is the welcome we have always longed to give".<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deputy_Prime_Minister_(2010–2015)"><span id="Deputy_Prime_Minister_.282010.E2.80.932015.29"></span>Deputy Prime Minister (2010–2015)</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Nick_Clegg%27s_tenure_as_Deputy_Prime_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Nick Clegg's tenure as Deputy Prime Minister">Nick Clegg's tenure as Deputy Prime Minister</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cameron%E2%80%93Clegg_coalition" title="Cameron–Clegg coalition">Cameron–Clegg coalition</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prime_Minister,_David_Cameron_and_Deputy_Prime_Minister,_Nick_Clegg._(4751661312).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Prime_Minister%2C_David_Cameron_and_Deputy_Prime_Minister%2C_Nick_Clegg._%284751661312%29.jpg/220px-Prime_Minister%2C_David_Cameron_and_Deputy_Prime_Minister%2C_Nick_Clegg._%284751661312%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Prime_Minister%2C_David_Cameron_and_Deputy_Prime_Minister%2C_Nick_Clegg._%284751661312%29.jpg/330px-Prime_Minister%2C_David_Cameron_and_Deputy_Prime_Minister%2C_Nick_Clegg._%284751661312%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Prime_Minister%2C_David_Cameron_and_Deputy_Prime_Minister%2C_Nick_Clegg._%284751661312%29.jpg/440px-Prime_Minister%2C_David_Cameron_and_Deputy_Prime_Minister%2C_Nick_Clegg._%284751661312%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Clegg with Cameron in 2010</figcaption></figure> <p>The morning after the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2010 United Kingdom general election">2010 general election</a> presented the country with no single political party able to form a government that would command a majority in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a>. In light of this reality, Cameron went public and gave a "big, open and comprehensive offer" to the Liberal Democrats' leader and said that he wanted to open up negotiations with them to form Britain's first <a href="/wiki/Coalition_government" title="Coalition government">coalition government</a> since <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Churchill_war_ministry" title="Churchill war ministry">war ministry</a> during the Second World War. In reply, Clegg said that he had always maintained that the party with the most seats and the most votes should have the right to seek to govern.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clegg, as Deputy Prime Minister, took <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Questions" title="Prime Minister's Questions">Prime Minister's Questions</a> (PMQs) when Cameron was unavailable.<sup id="cite_ref-qanda2_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qanda2-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the announcement, teams of negotiators from both parties formulated what would become the <a href="/wiki/Conservative%E2%80%93Liberal_Democrat_coalition_agreement" title="Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition agreement">Coalition Agreement</a> which would form the basis of their partnership together.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a>'s resignation on 11 May 2010 meant that Cameron was invited by the Queen to form a government<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a coalition with the Liberal Democrats was agreed, with Clegg as the <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Deputy Prime Minister</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lord_President_of_the_Council" title="Lord President of the Council">Lord President of the Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also made Minister for Constitutional and Political Reform, which was a key point for the Liberal Democrats during the creation of the coalition. Of the 57 Liberal Democrat MPs, only two (<a href="/wiki/Charles_Kennedy" title="Charles Kennedy">Charles Kennedy</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Leech_(politician)" title="John Leech (politician)">John Leech</a>) refused to support the Conservative Coalition agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-nextleft.org_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nextleft.org-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rutte-Clegg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Rutte-Clegg.jpg/220px-Rutte-Clegg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Rutte-Clegg.jpg/330px-Rutte-Clegg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Rutte-Clegg.jpg/440px-Rutte-Clegg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption>Clegg with Netherlands Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Mark_Rutte" title="Mark Rutte">Mark Rutte</a> on 15 November 2010</figcaption></figure><p>On 5 July 2010, Clegg unveiled plans to have fewer MPs and to hold a referendum on the voting system so that the next general election would be contested under the Alternative Vote system. The <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Voting_System_and_Constituencies_Bill" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Bill">Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Bill</a> if successful would see the date of the referendum set for 5 May 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bill also introduced plans to reduce the number of MP's in the House of Commons from 650 to 600, something the Labour party attacked as <a href="/wiki/Gerrymandering" title="Gerrymandering">gerrymandering</a>, as to do this there would need to be boundary changes.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_108-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The referendum on AV was to ask voters if they wish to "adopt the '<a href="/wiki/Alternative_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative vote">alternative vote</a>' system instead of the current 'first past the post' system" for electing MPs". The question required a yes or no answer.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The result of the <a href="/wiki/2011_United_Kingdom_Alternative_Vote_referendum" title="2011 United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum">referendum</a> was that the alternative vote proposal was defeated by a margin of 2:1. </p><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nick_Clegg_(2011)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Nick_Clegg_%282011%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/182px-Nick_Clegg_%282011%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Nick_Clegg_%282011%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/274px-Nick_Clegg_%282011%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Nick_Clegg_%282011%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/364px-Nick_Clegg_%282011%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2845" data-file-height="3794" /></a><figcaption>Clegg in 2011</figcaption></figure> <p>Clegg also confirmed that the government planned to introduce legislation for five-year fixed-term parliaments, with elections to be held on the first Thursday in May of the fifth year after the previous general election, starting with 7 May 2015. The corresponding bill was presented to parliament on 22 July 2010 and the <a href="/wiki/Fixed-term_Parliaments_Act_2011" title="Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011">Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011</a> received Royal Assent on 15 September 2011. </p><p>On 21 July 2010, Clegg became the first Liberal Democrat leader to answer for <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister%27s_questions" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister's questions">Prime minister's questions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He courted controversy during the exchange when at the despatch box he attacked Shadow Secretary of State for Justice and Shadow Lord Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Jack_Straw" title="Jack Straw">Jack Straw</a> for the decision to invade Iraq, saying "perhaps one day you could account for your role in the most disastrous decision of all, which is the illegal <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Iraq">invasion of Iraq</a>." Despite having long-held views about the issue, the comment was controversial, as it did not reflect the policy of the government, which was that the legality of the war in Iraq was currently being studied by the Iraq inquiry.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The issue of student financing had been considered one of the flagship policies of the Liberal Democrats with all of the party's MPs, including Clegg, signing the <a href="/wiki/Vote_for_Students_pledge" title="Vote for Students pledge">Vote for Students pledge</a> to oppose any increase in student tuition fees prior to the 2010 general election.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of the coalition agreement the Lib Dems abandoned their pledge to oppose any increase in tuition fees but gained permission to abstain on any vote relating to the increase of tuition fees.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clegg wrote to his MPs saying that he had "struggled endlessly" with the issue and said that departing from the pledge he had made prior to the election would be "one of the most difficult decisions of my political career". Defending recommendations of the <a href="/wiki/Browne_Review" title="Browne Review">Browne Review</a>, Clegg said that poorer students would pay less since the income level at which students needed to earn before beginning to pay off their student loan would rise from £15,000 to £21,000.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 19 September 2012, Clegg apologised, not for breaking his pledge, but for having "made a promise we weren't absolutely sure we could deliver".<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The apology was <a href="/wiki/Nick_Clegg_Says_I%27m_Sorry_(The_Autotune_Remix)" title="Nick Clegg Says I'm Sorry (The Autotune Remix)">parodied in a song</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nick_Clegg_election_infobox_(2015).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Nick_Clegg_election_infobox_%282015%29.jpg/179px-Nick_Clegg_election_infobox_%282015%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="179" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Nick_Clegg_election_infobox_%282015%29.jpg/269px-Nick_Clegg_election_infobox_%282015%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Nick_Clegg_election_infobox_%282015%29.jpg/358px-Nick_Clegg_election_infobox_%282015%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="758" data-file-height="1012" /></a><figcaption>Clegg in 2014</figcaption></figure> <p>On 14 October 2010, Clegg delivered a speech at a school in <a href="/wiki/Chesterfield,_Derbyshire" title="Chesterfield, Derbyshire">Chesterfield</a>, at which he announced the government's intention to spend £7 billion on a 'fairness premium' designed to see extra support going to the poorest pupils over the course of the parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The package announced would provide 15 hours a week free nursery education for the poorest two-year-olds and a 'pupil premium' which would be given to schools to help those pupils eligible for free school meals worth £2.5 billion a year.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 20 October 2010, the plans for the 'fairness premium' were introduced by the Treasury as part of the spending review which said that the money would be introduced over the period of the review which "will support the poorest in the early years and at every stage of their education".<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2011, Clegg proposed that more than 46 million people would be handed shares in Royal Bank of Scotland and Lloyds Banking Group under the "people's bank" plan. The plan proposes that ordinary voters would be able to profit from any increase in the value of their shares once the Treasury has recouped taxpayers' money used for the bail-out – an offer that could eventually be worth up to £1,000 to householders. Clegg said that it was "psychologically immensely important" for people to be given a stake in the banks in the wake of the financial crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PM-DPM-St_David%27s_Day_Agreement_announcement.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/PM-DPM-St_David%27s_Day_Agreement_announcement.jpg/220px-PM-DPM-St_David%27s_Day_Agreement_announcement.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/PM-DPM-St_David%27s_Day_Agreement_announcement.jpg/330px-PM-DPM-St_David%27s_Day_Agreement_announcement.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/PM-DPM-St_David%27s_Day_Agreement_announcement.jpg/440px-PM-DPM-St_David%27s_Day_Agreement_announcement.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="390" /></a><figcaption>Clegg with Cameron in 2015</figcaption></figure> <p>In August 2012, after <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords_Reform_Bill_2012" title="House of Lords Reform Bill 2012">reform of the House of Lords</a> was abandoned, Clegg said the Conservatives had defied the Coalition agreement by trying to "pick and choose" which items of Government policy they support. Clegg also revealed the Conservatives rejected his suggestion of a "last ditch" compromise to save both policies.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2012, Clegg formally announced that he was "regrettably" withdrawing proposals to reform the Lords in the face of overwhelming opposition from Conservative MPs. He signalled he would exact his revenge by refusing to sack any Liberal Democrat minister who voted against changes to MPs' boundaries – which is Government policy – in retaliation over the Lords reform débâcle. Traditionally party leaders are offered peerages when they leave the House of Commons. When asked in the House of Commons if he would take a seat in the Lords, he said: "No", adding: "I personally will not take a seat in an unreformed House of Lords. It just sticks in the throat."<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opposition_(2015–2017)"><span id="Opposition_.282015.E2.80.932017.29"></span>Opposition (2015–2017)</h2></div> <p>Clegg retained his Sheffield Hallam seat in the 2015 election, despite a strong campaign from Labour with a 17% swing in the vote. Clegg supported the <a href="/wiki/Britain_Stronger_in_Europe" title="Britain Stronger in Europe">Britain Stronger in Europe</a> campaign in the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">2016 European Union membership referendum</a>, as did all other Liberal Democrat MPs, and became the Lib Dem spokesperson for <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Exiting_the_European_Union" title="Department for Exiting the European Union">Exiting the European Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Department_for_International_Trade" title="Department for International Trade">International Trade</a>. In the 2017 general election, Clegg was defeated in his constituency of Sheffield Hallam by <a href="/wiki/Jared_O%27Mara" title="Jared O'Mara">Jared O'Mara</a> of the Labour Party. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career_after_Parliament">Career after Parliament</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brexit">Brexit</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nick_Clegg,_Europe_Spokesperson,_Liberal_Democrats_(2016-17);_Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom_(2010-15);_Leader,_Liberal_Democrats_(2007-15)_(35834379946).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Nick_Clegg%2C_Europe_Spokesperson%2C_Liberal_Democrats_%282016-17%29%3B_Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282010-15%29%3B_Leader%2C_Liberal_Democrats_%282007-15%29_%2835834379946%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Nick_Clegg%2C_Europe_Spokesperson%2C_Liberal_Democrats_%282016-17%29%3B_Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282010-15%29%3B_Leader%2C_Liberal_Democrats_%282007-15%29_%2835834379946%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Nick_Clegg%2C_Europe_Spokesperson%2C_Liberal_Democrats_%282016-17%29%3B_Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282010-15%29%3B_Leader%2C_Liberal_Democrats_%282007-15%29_%2835834379946%29.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Clegg giving a speech in 2017</figcaption></figure> <p>In October 2017, Clegg wrote <i><a href="/wiki/How_to_Stop_Brexit_(And_Make_Britain_Great_Again)" title="How to Stop Brexit (And Make Britain Great Again)">How to Stop Brexit (And Make Britain Great Again)</a></i>, which made the case that <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a> was not inevitable. </p><p>In May 2018, he joined <a href="/wiki/David_Miliband" title="David Miliband">David Miliband</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nicky_Morgan" title="Nicky Morgan">Nicky Morgan</a> calling for a <a href="/wiki/Soft_Brexit" class="mw-redirect" title="Soft Brexit">soft Brexit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next month he appeared at a <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Vote" title="People's Vote">People's Vote</a> march in London to mark the second anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">EU referendum of 2016</a>. People's Vote was a campaign group calling for a public vote on the final Brexit deal between Britain and the <a href="/wiki/EU" class="mw-redirect" title="EU">EU</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2019, Clegg said that "aggressive and regressive <a href="/wiki/English_nationalism" title="English nationalism">English nationalism</a>" had taken over the Conservative Party in their competition with <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a>, the leader of the Brexit Party (later rebranded <a href="/wiki/Reform_UK" title="Reform UK">Reform UK</a>) established in November 2018. When asked how he expected the next few years to unfold, Clegg told the <i><a href="/wiki/New_Statesman" title="New Statesman">New Statesman</a></i> that "the clock is now ticking for the end of the union of the United Kingdom".<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Broadcasting_and_media">Broadcasting and media</h3></div> <p>From January 2013 until 2015, Clegg presented a weekly radio show on <a href="/wiki/LBC" title="LBC">LBC</a> called <i>Call Clegg</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially broadcast in the London area, the programme went national along with LBC in February 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The programme was nominated for two <a href="/wiki/Radio_Academy_Awards" title="Radio Academy Awards">Radio Academy Awards</a> in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between April and October 2018, Clegg fronted a podcast called <i>Anger Management with Nick Clegg</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which he interviewed known persons about the politics of anger. Since the first episode, it has been featured in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> under Podcast of the Week.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A party political broadcast in which Clegg apologised for the Liberal Democrats breaking the promise over tuition fees was remixed into a song, "<a href="/wiki/Nick_Clegg_Says_I%27m_Sorry" class="mw-redirect" title="Nick Clegg Says I'm Sorry">Nick Clegg Says I'm Sorry</a>" by <a href="/wiki/The_Poke" title="The Poke">The Poke</a> and Alex Ross, and sold on iTunes as a charity single. The song charted on 23 September 2012 at number 143 in the <a href="/wiki/Official_UK_Singles_Charts" class="mw-redirect" title="Official UK Singles Charts">Official UK Singles Charts</a> before climbing to 104 the following week.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his 2010 production Dandelion Mind, comedian <a href="/wiki/Bill_Bailey" title="Bill Bailey">Bill Bailey</a> sang "Nick Clegg you don't have to wear that dress tonight, walk the streets for money, you don't have to sell your body to the right" to the tune of "<a href="/wiki/Roxanne_(The_Police_song)" title="Roxanne (The Police song)">Roxanne</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Facebook">Facebook</h3></div> <p>In June 2018, vice-president of global affairs and communications at <a href="/wiki/Facebook,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Facebook, Inc.">Facebook, Inc.</a> <a href="/wiki/Elliot_Schrage" title="Elliot Schrage">Elliot Schrage</a> resigned his position.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris_Oct_2021_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris_Oct_2021-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After talks with the Facebook leadership and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Allan,_Baron_Allan_of_Hallam" title="Richard Allan, Baron Allan of Hallam">Richard Allan, Baron Allan of Hallam</a>, Facebook's Director of Policy in Europe and the Liberal Democrat MP for Sheffield Hallam before Clegg, in October 2018 Clegg was hired as a lobbyist and public relations officer, replacing Schrage as Vice-President, Global Affairs and Communications.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto1_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He joined Facebook because he was "convinced that the culture is changing" and that "lawmakers need to have a serious conversation about whether data-intensive companies allow other companies to share and use data". He admitted that the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Analytica_data_scandal" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge Analytica data scandal">Cambridge Analytica data scandal</a> had "rocked Facebook to its very foundations" and told the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> that the company "hadn't done enough in the past" in regards to data privacy.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UK_Government_hosts_AI_Summit_at_Bletchley_Park_(53305529255).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/UK_Government_hosts_AI_Summit_at_Bletchley_Park_%2853305529255%29.jpg/220px-UK_Government_hosts_AI_Summit_at_Bletchley_Park_%2853305529255%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/UK_Government_hosts_AI_Summit_at_Bletchley_Park_%2853305529255%29.jpg/330px-UK_Government_hosts_AI_Summit_at_Bletchley_Park_%2853305529255%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/UK_Government_hosts_AI_Summit_at_Bletchley_Park_%2853305529255%29.jpg/440px-UK_Government_hosts_AI_Summit_at_Bletchley_Park_%2853305529255%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5500" data-file-height="3667" /></a><figcaption>Clegg at the <a href="/wiki/AI_Safety_Summit" title="AI Safety Summit">AI Safety Summit</a> in 2023</figcaption></figure> <p>In April 2019, Clegg was accused by <a href="/wiki/V%C4%9Bra_Jourov%C3%A1" title="Věra Jourová">Věra Jourová</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner">European Commissioner</a> for Justice, Consumers and Gender Equality, in a letter signed by a number of senior EU civil servants, of misunderstanding EU law, stating that proposed new Facebook guidelines on political advertising would "hinder the exercise of EU electoral rights."<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2019, he rejected calls by American presidential candidates <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Elizabeth Warren</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a>, as well as Facebook co-founder <a href="/wiki/Chris_Hughes" title="Chris Hughes">Chris Hughes</a> to <a href="/wiki/Competition_law" title="Competition law">break Facebook up</a>, saying that Facebook was "a great American success story" and that "I don't think it's a very American tradition to start penalizing success."<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2019, Clegg said there was "absolutely no evidence" that Russia had influenced the outcome of the EU referendum using Facebook. He said that the company was working towards greater regulation of technology firms.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2019, <a href="/wiki/Damian_Collins" title="Damian Collins">Damian Collins</a>, chair of the British House of Commons <a href="/wiki/Digital,_Culture,_Media_and_Sport_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital, Culture, Media and Sport Committee">Digital, Culture, Media and Sport Committee</a>, formally asked Clegg to explain why Facebook had exempted political statements from fact-checking guidelines.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, Clegg helped lead the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Facebook_Oversight_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Facebook Oversight Board">Facebook Oversight Board</a>, which reported to him, convincing former Danish Prime Minister and former <a href="/wiki/College_of_Europe" title="College of Europe">College of Europe</a> friend <a href="/wiki/Helle_Thorning-Schmidt" title="Helle Thorning-Schmidt">Helle Thorning-Schmidt</a> to serve as its co-chair.<sup id="cite_ref-Politico-Clegg_144-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Politico-Clegg-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then played a role in Facebook's <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_on_social_media#Facebook" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Trump on social media">deplatforming of U.S. President Donald Trump</a> in mid-2021.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ahead of the release of the whistleblown <a href="/wiki/Facebook_Files" class="mw-redirect" title="Facebook Files">Facebook Files</a> in October 2021, Clegg authored an internal memo saying that there was no evidence Facebook was a main cause in polarisation and that the company does not "profit from polarization, in fact, just the opposite."<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later posted a public statement saying that the reporting on the Files "conferred egregiously false motives to Facebook's leadership and employees," saying that it was "just plain false" that Facebook ignored its own internal research.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the release of the Files, he then made a number of public interviews defending the company. In one of the interviews, he stated that "I can't give you a yes or no answer" when asked if Facebook played a role in amplifying extremist content ahead of the <a href="/wiki/2021_United_States_Capitol_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 United States Capitol attack">2021 United States Capitol attack</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clegg faced criticism for his role in defending the company, with the <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">Guardian</a></i> journalist <a href="/wiki/John_Harris_(critic)" title="John Harris (critic)">John Harris</a> dubbing him "the fall guy for Facebook's failures".<sup id="cite_ref-Harris_Oct_2021_135-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris_Oct_2021-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2022, Clegg was promoted to president of global affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2025, Clegg announced he would step down from his role as president of global affairs and leave Meta within "the next few months". He is set to be succeeded by his current deputy <a href="/wiki/Joel_Kaplan" title="Joel Kaplan">Joel Kaplan</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> who previously served as <a href="/wiki/White_House_Deputy_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Deputy Chief of Staff">White House Deputy Chief of Staff</a> under <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>. The leadership change has been described as an attempt to improve Meta's relations with <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, who is set to begin his <a href="/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second presidency of Donald Trump">second term as U.S. president</a> 17 days after the announcement.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time of the announcement, <i>The Guardian</i> reported that Clegg had sold some $18.4 million (£14.8 million) of Meta shares, while retaining a holding worth $21m.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_image">Public image</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electoral_performance_and_standing_in_the_polls">Electoral performance and standing in the polls</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nick_Clegg_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Nick_Clegg_official_portrait.jpg/191px-Nick_Clegg_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="191" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Nick_Clegg_official_portrait.jpg/286px-Nick_Clegg_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Nick_Clegg_official_portrait.jpg/381px-Nick_Clegg_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="819" data-file-height="1091" /></a><figcaption>Clegg's portrait as Deputy Prime Minister, 2010</figcaption></figure> <p>After Clegg became leader, the polls were mixed; the Liberal Democrats occasionally polled above 20 points,<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> averaging around 19%.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2009, the party overtook Labour in an opinion poll (25%–22%) for the first time since the days of its predecessor, the <a href="/wiki/SDP%E2%80%93Liberal_Alliance" title="SDP–Liberal Alliance">SDP–Liberal Alliance</a>, in 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clegg thus became the first Liberal Democrat leader to out-poll Labour in an opinion poll. After Clegg's performance in the first of three <a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election_debates" title="2010 United Kingdom general election debates">general election debates</a> on 15 April 2010, there was an unprecedented surge of media attention and support for the Liberal Democrats in opinion polls. <a href="/wiki/ComRes" class="mw-redirect" title="ComRes">ComRes</a> reported the Liberal Democrats at 24% on the day,<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and on 20 April in a <a href="/wiki/YouGov" title="YouGov">YouGov</a> poll, the Liberal Democrats were on 34%, one point above the Conservatives, with Labour in third place on 28%.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This success was described as <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Cleggmania" class="extiw" title="wikt:Cleggmania">"Cleggmania"</a> by journalists.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the formation of the coalition, support for the Liberal Democrats fell.<sup id="cite_ref-thisislondon1_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thisislondon1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 8 December 2010, the eve of a House of Commons vote on changes in the <a href="/wiki/Tuition_fees_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuition fees (UK)">funding of higher education</a>, an opinion poll conducted by <a href="/wiki/YouGov" title="YouGov">YouGov</a> recorded voting intention figures of Conservatives 41%, Labour 41%, <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of political parties in the United Kingdom">other parties</a> 11% and Liberal Democrats 8%,<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the lowest level of support recorded for the Liberal Democrats in any opinion poll since September 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parliamentary_by-elections_(2008–2010)"><span id="Parliamentary_by-elections_.282008.E2.80.932010.29"></span>Parliamentary by-elections (2008–2010)</h3></div> <p>Five parliamentary by-elections were held during Clegg's leadership prior to the 2010 general election. At <a href="/wiki/Crewe_and_Nantwich" title="Crewe and Nantwich">Crewe and Nantwich</a> the party's share of the vote decreased by 4%. In the subsequent <a href="/wiki/2008_Henley_by-election" title="2008 Henley by-election">Henley by-election</a> the party achieved a 1.8% increase in their vote. At the <a href="/wiki/2009_Norwich_North_by-election" title="2009 Norwich North by-election">Norwich North by-election</a> the party came third with a 2.2% fall in their vote share. The two Scottish by-elections, <a href="/wiki/2008_Glenrothes_by-election" title="2008 Glenrothes by-election">Glenrothes</a> and <a href="/wiki/2008_Glasgow_East_by-election" title="2008 Glasgow East by-election">Glasgow East</a>, saw decreases in the Liberal Democrat vote, 8% and 10% respectively. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2008_and_2009_local_elections">2008 and 2009 local elections</h3></div> <p>The local election results for the Liberal Democrats during the same period were mixed. In the <a href="/wiki/2008_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2008 United Kingdom local elections">2008 local elections</a> the Liberal Democrats took second place with 25% of the vote making a net gain of 34 councillors and took control of <a href="/wiki/Sheffield_City_Council" title="Sheffield City Council">Sheffield City Council</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but their share of the vote was down 1%. <a href="/wiki/2009_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2009 United Kingdom local elections">The next year</a> the Liberal Democrats gained <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a> but lost both <a href="/wiki/Somerset" title="Somerset">Somerset</a> and <a href="/wiki/Devon" title="Devon">Devon</a> producing a net loss of councils and a net loss of one councillor.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party however did increase its share of the vote by 3% to 28% beating the Labour Party into third place. In the <a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">European Parliament elections</a> held on the same day, the Liberal Democrats gained a seat but had a slight decrease in their share of the vote, staying in 4th place compared to the previous European elections, behind the two main parties and <a href="/wiki/UKIP" class="mw-redirect" title="UKIP">UKIP</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2008_London_elections">2008 London elections</h3></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/2008_London_Assembly_election" title="2008 London Assembly election">2008 London Assembly elections</a> the Liberal Democrats were the only one of the three main parties to see a decrease in their share of the vote, and in the <a href="/wiki/2008_London_mayoral_election" title="2008 London mayoral election">mayoral election</a> the Liberal Democrat candidate <a href="/wiki/Brian_Paddick" class="mw-redirect" title="Brian Paddick">Brian Paddick</a> came third again with a decreased share of the vote. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010_general_election">2010 general election</h3></div> <p>At the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2010 United Kingdom general election">2010 general election</a>, the Liberal Democrats won 23% of the vote, an improvement of 1%, however they only won 57 seats, 5 fewer than in 2005. No political party had an overall majority, resulting in the nation's first <a href="/wiki/Hung_parliament" title="Hung parliament">hung parliament</a> since <a href="/wiki/February_1974_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="February 1974 United Kingdom general election">February 1974</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Talks between Cameron, the Conservative Party leader, and Clegg led to an agreed Conservative/Liberal Democrat coalition, enabling <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">the Queen</a> to invite Cameron to form a government. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parliamentary_by-elections_(2010–2015)"><span id="Parliamentary_by-elections_.282010.E2.80.932015.29"></span>Parliamentary by-elections (2010–2015)</h3></div> <p>From the 2010 general election to the 2015 general election, Clegg's Liberal Democrats contested 13 by-elections in Great Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party scored their first by-election win of Clegg's leadership at <a href="/wiki/2013_Eastleigh_by-election" title="2013 Eastleigh by-election">Eastleigh</a> in 2013, with <a href="/wiki/Mike_Thornton_(politician)" title="Mike Thornton (politician)">Mike Thornton</a> holding the seat for the Liberal Democrats, despite a 19% swing away from the party. Clegg described the result as an election in which Liberal Democrats "overcame the odds with a stunning victory."<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Earlier by-elections in the parliament had proven less successful. They failed to win <a href="/wiki/2011_Oldham_East_and_Saddleworth_by-election" title="2011 Oldham East and Saddleworth by-election">Oldham East and Saddleworth</a><sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in January 2011, after they had successfully petitioned to overturn the general election result. They polled 32% of the vote, a small increase on 2010, but lost out to Labour whose vote was up by 10 percentage points. The Liberal Democrats also came second at <a href="/wiki/2011_Leicester_South_by-election" title="2011 Leicester South by-election">Leicester South</a> (which they had held between <a href="/wiki/2004_Leicester_South_by-election" title="2004 Leicester South by-election">2004</a> and <a href="/wiki/2005_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2005 United Kingdom general election">2005</a>) in May 2011 with 23% (down 4% on 2010),<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and at <a href="/wiki/2012_Manchester_Central_by-election" title="2012 Manchester Central by-election">Manchester Central</a> in November 2012 where they polled 9% (down 17%).<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the remaining nine contests, Liberal Democrats have finished no higher than third place (and in Rotherham finished in an unprecedented 8th position, with just 451 votes, or 2% of the total).<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In every by-election except Oldham East and Saddleworth their vote has fallen, with decreases of over 10% recorded at eight of the contests. In six of the 13 by-elections, the party have lost their deposit after failing to poll 5% of the vote – an unusually high number of such lost deposits for a major party. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2011_local,_Scottish_and_Welsh_elections"><span id="2011_local.2C_Scottish_and_Welsh_elections"></span>2011 local, Scottish and Welsh elections</h3></div> <p>A year following the formation of the Coalition Clegg's Liberal Democrats faced poor results in the local elections. In <a href="/wiki/2011_Scottish_Parliament_election" title="2011 Scottish Parliament election">Scotland</a> the party lost all its mainland constituency seats, holding only the <a href="/wiki/Shetland_(Scottish_Parliament_constituency)" title="Shetland (Scottish Parliament constituency)">Shetland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orkney_(Scottish_Parliament_constituency)" title="Orkney (Scottish Parliament constituency)">Orkney</a> islands. Their constituency vote share also fell from 16% to just 8%<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/2011_National_Assembly_for_Wales_election" title="2011 National Assembly for Wales election">Welsh elections</a> the party held just one of its 3 constituency seats, that of Welsh leader <a href="/wiki/Kirsty_Williams" title="Kirsty Williams">Kirsty Williams</a>, but gained <a href="/wiki/South_Wales_Central_(National_Assembly_for_Wales_electoral_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="South Wales Central (National Assembly for Wales electoral region)">a regional seat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/2011_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2011 United Kingdom local elections">2011 local elections</a>, the Lib Dems lost over 700 councillors, and slumped from 25% to 17% in the share of the local council vote, also losing control of Sheffield City Council with the LibDems dropping to the lowest number of councillors in more than 20 years.<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/AV_referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="AV referendum">AV referendum</a>, the Yes vote, supported by the Liberal Democrats, was defeated by 67.9% to 32.1%. In the face of the election results, Clegg told the BBC that Liberal Democrats must "get up, dust ourselves down and move on".<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2012_local_and_London_elections">2012 local and London elections</h3></div> <p>Local elections were held in May 2012 to 185 local authorities in Great Britain, including all 32 councils in Scotland and 21 out of 22 in Wales. </p><p>Results again proved poor for the Liberal Democrats, as they won 431 seats in total, a loss of over 300 on the pre-election position.<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also lost overall control of one council (<a href="/wiki/Cambridge_City_Council" title="Cambridge City Council">Cambridge</a>, though the Liberal Democrats hold 21 out of 42 seats, so they exercise control with the mayor's casting vote<sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). They retained control of the other six councils they were defending in England. Despite the losses, the Liberal Democrat vote share saw a modest increase compared to 2011. </p><p>Elections were also held for the Mayoralties of <a href="/wiki/City_of_Salford" title="City of Salford">Salford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Council" title="Liverpool City Council">Liverpool</a>. Liberal Democrat candidates polled 5% and 6% respectively, with Labour winning both contests.<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In London, elections were held to the <a href="/wiki/2012_London_Assembly_election" title="2012 London Assembly election">London Assembly</a> and <a href="/wiki/2012_London_mayoral_election" title="2012 London mayoral election">Mayoralty</a>. The Liberal Democrats again selected <a href="/wiki/Brian_Paddick" class="mw-redirect" title="Brian Paddick">Brian Paddick</a> as their Mayoral candidate. He polled just 4% of the vote (down from 10% in <a href="/wiki/2008_London_mayoral_election" title="2008 London mayoral election">2008</a>), and finished fourth behind the <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_England_and_Wales" title="Green Party of England and Wales">Green Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Assembly, the Liberal Democrats also finished behind the Greens across London, and failed to win any of the individual constituency seats. They polled 7% of the vote on the London-wide list (which elects "top-up" candidates to the assembly under a form of proportional representation), which represented a decline of 5% on the previous contest. This meant that the party lost one seat, and was reduced to just two assembly seats, their smallest representation since the formation of the assembly in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the aftermath of the results, Clegg again faced calls to quit as leader,<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with former MP <a href="/wiki/Lembit_%C3%96pik" title="Lembit Öpik">Lembit Öpik</a> suggesting that Clegg retain his Cabinet position while relinquishing leadership of the party, saying "My empirical view is that we would have done better with a different leader". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2012_Police_and_Crime_Commissioner_elections">2012 Police and Crime Commissioner elections</h3></div> <p>As part of the Coalition Agreement, directly elected <a href="/wiki/Police_and_Crime_Commissioners" class="mw-redirect" title="Police and Crime Commissioners">Police and Crime Commissioners</a> were introduced to replace <a href="/wiki/Police_authority" title="Police authority">Police Authorities</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/2012_England_and_Wales_police_and_crime_commissioner_elections" title="2012 England and Wales police and crime commissioner elections">Elections</a><sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the new posts took place in November 2012. Liberal Democrats contested 24 of the 41 police force areas, and failed to win any of the contests (and in fact never progressed to the second round of the two-stage count in any of the elections they fought). Their best performance was in <a href="/wiki/Cumbria_Constabulary" title="Cumbria Constabulary">Cumbria</a>, where they polled 22%, while their worst was <a href="/wiki/Surrey_Constabulary" class="mw-redirect" title="Surrey Constabulary">Surrey</a> where the took just 6% of the vote. </p><p>Despite not winning any contests under their official party label, one Liberal Democrat, <a href="/wiki/Winston_Roddick" title="Winston Roddick">Winston Roddick</a> was elected as Police and Crime Commissioner for <a href="/wiki/North_Wales_Police" title="North Wales Police">North Wales</a> having stood as an Independent.<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roddick claimed that he had never hidden his party membership and that his campaign was "financed by himself with no donations or backing from any political party and he was an independent candidate in every sense of the word". His campaign also dismissed as "sour grapes" claims from the Labour Party that "the only way in which the Lib Dems thought they could win the election was by presenting themselves as independent." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2015_and_2017_general_elections">2015 and 2017 general elections</h3></div> <p>In the 2015 general election, the Liberal Democrats were reduced from 57 seats to 8. Clegg held his Sheffield Hallam seat with a reduced majority. After his party's result, he resigned the party leadership the day after the election.<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2017 general election, Clegg lost his constituency to Labour candidate <a href="/wiki/Jared_O%27Mara" title="Jared O'Mara">Jared O'Mara</a> by a margin of 2,125 votes (4.2%).<sup id="cite_ref-telegraph2_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clegg_and_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Dur%C3%A1ntez.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Clegg_and_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Dur%C3%A1ntez.jpg/220px-Clegg_and_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Dur%C3%A1ntez.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Clegg_and_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Dur%C3%A1ntez.jpg/330px-Clegg_and_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Dur%C3%A1ntez.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Clegg_and_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Dur%C3%A1ntez.jpg/440px-Clegg_and_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Dur%C3%A1ntez.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption>Clegg with his wife <a href="/wiki/Miriam_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Dur%C3%A1ntez" title="Miriam González Durántez">Miriam</a> holding their third son Miguel on 23 February 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>In September 2000, Clegg married <a href="/wiki/Miriam_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Dur%C3%A1ntez" title="Miriam González Durántez">Miriam González Durántez</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a>, Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have three sons.<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Clegg has stated that he does not believe in God,<sup id="cite_ref-typepad1_37-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-typepad1-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> his wife is a Roman Catholic and they are bringing up their children as Catholics. On 16 September 2010, during <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI%27s_visit_to_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope Benedict XVI's visit to the United Kingdom">Pope Benedict XVI's visit to the United Kingdom</a>, Clegg attended the State reception in the grounds of <a href="/wiki/Holyrood_Palace" title="Holyrood Palace">Holyrood Palace</a> and was introduced to the Pope by <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Her Majesty the Queen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clegg identifies as a feminist.<sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Clegg lives in <a href="/wiki/Atherton,_California" title="Atherton, California">Atherton, California</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> having previously lived in Parkfields, <a href="/wiki/Putney" title="Putney">Putney</a>, south west London.<sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also has a house in his former constituency close to the <a href="/wiki/Peak_District" title="Peak District">Peak District</a>, and often walked with his wife near <a href="/wiki/Stanage_Edge" title="Stanage Edge">Stanage Edge</a>, which he describes as "one of the most romantic places in the world".<sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2010 Downing Street announced that Clegg and the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Secretary" title="Foreign Secretary">Foreign Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Hague" title="William Hague">William Hague</a> would share use of <a href="/wiki/Chevening" title="Chevening">Chevening</a>, which is typically the official country residence of the Foreign Secretary of the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2022, Clegg announced he was returning to live in London for personal reasons, including being closer to elderly parents, dividing his working time between London and California.<sup id="cite_ref-telegraph-20220803_198-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph-20220803-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When he appeared on <i><a href="/wiki/Desert_Island_Discs" title="Desert Island Discs">Desert Island Discs</a></i> in October 2010, his choice of discs included <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash">Johnny Cash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince_(musician)" title="Prince (musician)">Prince</a> and <a href="/wiki/Radiohead" title="Radiohead">Radiohead</a> and his luxury was a "stash of cigarettes".<sup id="cite_ref-DIDiscs_JH_199-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DIDiscs_JH-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an interview in April 2011, Clegg stated he dealt with the pressures of political office by reading novels late at night and he "cries regularly to music".<sup id="cite_ref-rosa_prince_clegg_201-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rosa_prince_clegg-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He supports <a href="/wiki/Arsenal_F.C." title="Arsenal F.C.">Arsenal F.C.</a><sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours">Honours</h2></div> <p>Clegg was appointed a <a href="/wiki/Knight_Bachelor" title="Knight Bachelor">Knight Bachelor</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2018_New_Year_Honours" title="2018 New Year Honours">2018 New Year Honours</a> for political and public service.<sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancestry">Ancestry</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1268078990">.mw-parser-output table.ahnentafel{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel tr{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-t{border-top:var(--color-base,#000)solid 1px;border-left:var(--color-base,#000)solid 1px}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-b{border-bottom:var(--color-base,#000)solid 1px;border-left:var(--color-base,#000)solid 1px}</style><div class="noresize"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin:0.3em auto;clear:none;min-width:60em;width:auto;font-size:88%;border:1px solid #aaa"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none;color:inherit;width:auto">Ancestors of Nick Clegg<sup id="cite_ref-204" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><table class="ahnentafel" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">8. John Clegg</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #ffc;">4. <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Anthony_Clegg" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh Anthony Clegg">Hugh Anthony Clegg</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">9. Gertrude Wilson Short</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #fb9;">2. <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Peter_Clegg" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas Peter Clegg">Nicholas Peter Clegg</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">10. Arthur Engelhardt, Baron von Smolensk</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #ffc;">5. <a href="/wiki/Engelhardt_family" title="Engelhardt family">Kira von Engelhardt, Baroness von Smolensk</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #fcc;">1. <b>Sir Nicholas William Peter Clegg</b></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="16" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #fb9;">3. Hermance van den Wall Bake</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Styles">Styles</h2></div> <ul><li>Mr Nicholas William Peter Clegg (1967–1999)</li> <li>Mr Nicholas William Peter Clegg <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">MEP</a> (1999–2004)</li> <li>Mr Nicholas William Peter Clegg (2004–2005)</li> <li>Mr Nicholas William Peter Clegg <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">MP</a> (2005–2010)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Right_Honourable" class="mw-redirect" title="Right Honourable">Right Honourable</a> Nicholas William Peter Clegg MP (2010–2017)</li> <li>The Right Honourable Nicholas William Peter Clegg (2017–2018)</li> <li>The Right Honourable <a href="/wiki/Sir" title="Sir">Sir</a> Nicholas William Peter Clegg (2018–present)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Office vacant between June 2007 and May 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Office vacant between May 2015 and September 2021.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-BBC-b00vhdmb-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBC-b00vhdmb_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation episode cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00vhdmb">"Nick Clegg"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Desert_Island_Discs" title="Desert Island Discs"><i>Desert Island Discs</i></a>. 24 October 2010. BBC Radio 4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150322102917/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00vhdmb">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Desert+Island+Discs&rft.date=2010-10-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fb00vhdmb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-orangebook-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-orangebook_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-orangebook_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070707225111/http://www.bonkers.hall.btinternet.co.uk/liberator.html">"Orange Blossom"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Liberator_(magazine)" title="Liberator (magazine)">Liberator</a></i>. 2004. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nick+Clegg+says+he+might+send+his+eldest+son+to+a+private+school+if+that+is+what+his+wife+Miriam+wants+%E2%80%93+OnlineNigeria+News&rft.pub=news2.onlinenigeria.com&rft.date=2013-01-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews2.onlinenigeria.com%2Fworld%2F242552-nick-clegg-says-he-might-send-his-eldest-son-to-a-private-school-if-that-is-what-his-wife-miriam-wants.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Private Eye No. 1310 23 March – 5 April 2012 page 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/nick-clegg-i-set-fire-to-a-cacti-collection-and-im-not-proud-of-it-9375806.html">"Nick Clegg: 'I set fire to a cacti collection and I'm not proud of it'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. 15 May 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190525170754/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/nick-clegg-i-set-fire-to-a-cacti-collection-and-im-not-proud-of-it-9375806.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Nick+Clegg%3A+%27I+set+fire+to+a+cacti+collection+and+I%27m+not+proud+of+it%27&rft.date=2014-05-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpeople%2Fnick-clegg-i-set-fire-to-a-cacti-collection-and-im-not-proud-of-it-9375806.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7003100.stm">"Clegg 'not proud' of conviction"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 19 September 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071023012837/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7003100.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Clegg+%27not+proud%27+of+conviction&rft.date=2007-09-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2F7003100.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ueBCWaWNcY">"Nick Clegg gets asked about his arson 'conviction'. 11/08/2011"</a>. 11 August 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150709224928/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ueBCWaWNcY">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2015 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nick+Clegg+gets+asked+about+his+arson+%27conviction%27.+11%2F08%2F2011&rft.date=2011-08-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D7ueBCWaWNcY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bb-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bb_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bb_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514115015/http://www.robinson.cam.ac.uk/alumni2/binbrook/binbrook_lent10.pdf">"In the eye of the media"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Bin Brook</i>, <a href="/wiki/Robinson_College,_Cambridge" title="Robinson College, Cambridge">Robinson College, Cambridge</a>, pp. <span class="nowrap">2–</span>5, March 2010, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.robinson.cam.ac.uk/alumni2/binbrook/binbrook_lent10.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 14 May 2011, <q>Nick Clegg (1986), Robinson's first major political party leader, talks to Bin Brook about his time at Robinson and his views on the forthcoming general election.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bin+Brook&rft.atitle=In+the+eye+of+the+media&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2-%3C%2Fspan%3E5&rft.date=2010-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.robinson.cam.ac.uk%2Falumni2%2Fbinbrook%2Fbinbrook_lent10.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdemariam2010" class="citation news cs1">Edemariam, Aida (1 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2010/apr/30/nick-clegg-interview-liberal-democrats">"Nick Clegg: 'I like to think it's a combination of novelty and substance'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130930215934/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2010/apr/30/nick-clegg-interview-liberal-democrats">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Nick+Clegg%3A+%27I+like+to+think+it%27s+a+combination+of+novelty+and+substance%27&rft.date=2010-05-01&rft.aulast=Edemariam&rft.aufirst=Aida&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2010%2Fapr%2F30%2Fnick-clegg-interview-liberal-democrats&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-typepad1-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-typepad1_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-typepad1_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-typepad1_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-typepad1_37-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-typepad1_37-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-typepad1_37-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100419151357/http://timesonline.typepad.com/election10/2010/04/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-nick-clegg.html">"Election '10: 10 things you didn't know about Nick Clegg"</a>. <i>The Times</i>. 21 April 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesonline.typepad.com/election10/2010/04/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-nick-clegg.html">the original</a> on 19 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Election+%2710%3A+10+things+you+didn%27t+know+about+Nick+Clegg&rft.date=2008-04-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesonline.typepad.com%2Felection10%2F2010%2F04%2F10-things-you-didnt-know-about-nick-clegg.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080620222341/http://www.student-direct.co.uk/?q=node%2F1448">"Interview with Student Direct"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.student-direct.co.uk/?q=node/1448">the original</a> on 20 June 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Student+Direct&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.student-direct.co.uk%2F%3Fq%3Dnode%2F1448&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100422234004/http://www.hs.fi/ulkomaat/artikkeli/Suomi-faniksi+tunnustautunut+Nick+Clegg+sekoitti+Britannian+vaaliasetelmat/1135256205064">"Suomi-faniksi tunnustautunut Nick Clegg sekoitti Britannian vaaliasetelmat"</a>. <i>Helsingin Sanomat</i>. 18 April 2010. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Helsingin+Sanomat&rft.atitle=Suomi-faniksi+tunnustautunut+Nick+Clegg+sekoitti+Britannian+vaaliasetelmat&rft.date=2010-04-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hs.fi%2Fulkomaat%2Fartikkeli%2FSuomi-faniksi%2Btunnustautunut%2BNick%2BClegg%2Bsekoitti%2BBritannian%2Bvaaliasetelmat%2F1135256205064&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSparrow2008" class="citation news cs1">Sparrow, Andrew (15 April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/blog/2008/apr/15/nickcleggdidnotseem">"Cambridge blue – did Nick Clegg once join the Tory party?"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131105054222/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/blog/2008/apr/15/nickcleggdidnotseem">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Cambridge+blue+%E2%80%93+did+Nick+Clegg+once+join+the+Tory+party%3F&rft.date=2008-04-15&rft.aulast=Sparrow&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2Fblog%2F2008%2Fapr%2F15%2Fnickcleggdidnotseem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1899081/Nick-Clegg-cant-remember-joining-Tories.html">"Nick Clegg 'can't remember' joining Tories"</a>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. London. 23 April 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100423130740/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1899081/Nick-Clegg-cant-remember-joining-Tories.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Nick+Clegg+%27can%27t+remember%27+joining+Tories&rft.date=2008-04-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F1899081%2FNick-Clegg-cant-remember-joining-Tories.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoolf2011" class="citation news cs1">Woolf, Marie (15 May 2011). 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://conservativehome.blogs.com/centreright/2008/04/nick-cleggs-tor.html">the original</a> on 16 April 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CentreRight%3A+Nick+Clegg%27s+Tory+past&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fconservativehome.blogs.com%2Fcentreright%2F2008%2F04%2Fnick-cleggs-tor.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lrb-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lrb_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lrb.co.uk/blog/2010/04/10/john-lanchester/first-class-leadership/">"First-Class Leadership? « LRB blog"</a>. lrb.co.uk. 10 April 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140815172700/http://www.lrb.co.uk/blog/2010/04/10/john-lanchester/first-class-leadership/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=First-Class+Leadership%3F+%C2%AB+LRB+blog&rft.pub=lrb.co.uk&rft.date=2010-04-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrb.co.uk%2Fblog%2F2010%2F04%2F10%2Fjohn-lanchester%2Ffirst-class-leadership%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_Daily_Politics_profile-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_Daily_Politics_profile_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/the_daily_politics/7001381.stm">"BBC Daily Politics profile"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 18 September 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180912022400/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/the_daily_politics/7001381.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 12 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Kennedy+told%3A+quit+by+Monday&rft.date=2006-01-06&rft.aulast=Tempest&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpolitics.guardian.co.uk%2Flibdems%2Fstory%2F0%2C9061%2C1680603%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClegg2006" class="citation news cs1">Clegg, Nick (20 January 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://politics.guardian.co.uk/columnist/story/0,,1691081,00.html">"It's a marathon, not a sprint"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080724054643/http://politics.guardian.co.uk/columnist/story/0,,1691081,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=It%27s+a+marathon%2C+not+a+sprint&rft.date=2006-01-20&rft.aulast=Clegg&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpolitics.guardian.co.uk%2Fcolumnist%2Fstory%2F0%2C%2C1691081%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4587076.stm">"Defiant Kennedy urged to quit now"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 6 January 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141110082648/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/4587076.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Defiant+Kennedy+urged+to+quit+now&rft.date=2006-01-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2F4587076.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClegg2006" class="citation web cs1">Clegg, Nick (27 November 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927044249/http://www.egovmonitor.com/node/8746">"Why we need a Freedom Bill"</a>. eGov Monitor. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.egovmonitor.com/node/8746">the original</a> on 27 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+we+need+a+Freedom+Bill&rft.pub=eGov+Monitor&rft.date=2006-11-27&rft.aulast=Clegg&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.egovmonitor.com%2Fnode%2F8746&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wecancutcrime-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wecancutcrime_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wecancutcrime.com/">"We Can Cut Crime!"</a>. Liberal Democrats. 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080531075904/http://www.wecancutcrime.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=We+Can+Cut+Crime%21&rft.pub=Liberal+Democrats&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wecancutcrime.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clegg_admits_leadership_ambitions-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Clegg_admits_leadership_ambitions_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clegg_admits_leadership_ambitions_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSummersTaylor2007" class="citation news cs1">Summers, Deborah; Taylor, Ros (19 September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,2172352,00.html">"Clegg admits leadership ambitions"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211108113043/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2007/sep/19/libdem2007.uk2">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Clegg+admits+leadership+ambitions&rft.date=2007-09-19&rft.aulast=Summers&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Ros&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk_news%2Fstory%2F0%2C%2C2172352%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacguire2006" class="citation web cs1">Macguire, Kevin (29 May 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newstatesman.com/200605290015">"Village life – Kevin Maguire eavesdrops on an unhappy Minger"</a>. <i>New Statesman</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071107103438/http://www.newstatesman.com/200605290015">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Statesman&rft.atitle=Village+life+%E2%80%93+Kevin+Maguire+eavesdrops+on+an+unhappy+Minger&rft.date=2006-05-29&rft.aulast=Macguire&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newstatesman.com%2F200605290015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/7045833.stm">"Campbell quits as Lib Dem leader"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 15 October 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211108113105/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/7045833.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Campbell+quits+as+Lib+Dem+leader&rft.date=2007-10-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2F7045833.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPorter2007" class="citation news cs1">Porter, Andrew (16 October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080516080543/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml">"Menzies Campbell resigns as Lib Dem leader"</a>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml;jsessionid=NSAXO4GA1CZN3QFIQMFSFF4AVCBQ0IV0?xml=/news/2007/10/15/nming515.xml">the original</a> on 16 May 2008. <q>Nick Clegg, the party's home affairs spokesman, is the favourite to take over.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Menzies+Campbell+resigns+as+Lib+Dem+leader&rft.date=2007-10-16&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmain.jhtml%3Bjsessionid%3DNSAXO4GA1CZN3QFIQMFSFF4AVCBQ0IV0%3Fxml%3D%2Fnews%2F2007%2F10%2F15%2Fnming515.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlover2007" class="citation news cs1">Glover, Julian (16 October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://politics.guardian.co.uk/libdems/story/0,,2192029,00.html">"Ambitious and assured – profile of Nick Clegg"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071016121344/http://politics.guardian.co.uk/libdems/story/0,,2192029,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Ambitious+and+assured+%E2%80%93+profile+of+Nick+Clegg&rft.date=2007-10-16&rft.aulast=Glover&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpolitics.guardian.co.uk%2Flibdems%2Fstory%2F0%2C%2C2192029%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QzTwMLZZ11g">"Video of Clegg announcing candidacy"</a>. 19 October 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111119061120/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QzTwMLZZ11g">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2007</span> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Video+of+Clegg+announcing+candidacy&rft.date=2007-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DQzTwMLZZ11g&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Today_(BBC_Radio_4)" title="Today (BBC Radio 4)">Today</a></i>, 16 October 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7051863.stm">"Clegg launches Lib Dem leader bid"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 19 October 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071021030954/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7051863.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Clegg+launches+Lib+Dem+leader+bid&rft.date=2007-10-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2F7051863.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7148367.stm">"Nick Clegg is new Lib Dem leader"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 18 December 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090119183736/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7148367.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Nick+Clegg+is+new+Lib+Dem+leader&rft.date=2007-12-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2F7148367.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7150595.stm">"Nick Clegg's speech in full"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 18 December 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071223141453/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7150595.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2010</span>. <q>Here is the full text from new Liberal Democrat leader Nick Clegg's speech, after winning the two-month contest to succeed Sir Menzies Campbell</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Nick+Clegg%27s+speech+in+full&rft.date=2007-12-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2F7150595.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-Clegg-God-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBC-Clegg-God_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7151346.stm">"Clegg 'does not believe in God'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 19 December 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071220223808/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7151346.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Clegg+%27does+not+believe+in+God%27&rft.date=2007-12-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2F7151346.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHurst2007" class="citation news cs1">Hurst, Greg (19 December 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080511202732/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/faith/article3074541.ece">"Nick Clegg says: 'I don't believe in God'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Times</i>. London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/faith/article3074541.ece">the original</a> on 11 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2007</span>. <q>Nick Clegg, the Liberal Democrats' new leader, has defied political convention with a blunt admission that he is an atheist.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Nick+Clegg+says%3A+%27I+don%27t+believe+in+God%27&rft.date=2007-12-19&rft.aulast=Hurst&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Fcomment%2Ffaith%2Farticle3074541.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-transcript-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-transcript_80-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-transcript_80-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100506022406/http://www.saga.co.uk/media-centre/press-releases/2010/nick-clegg-transcript.asp">"Nick Clegg Transcript"</a>. Saga. 25 April 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saga.co.uk/media-centre/press-releases/2010/nick-clegg-transcript.asp">the original</a> on 6 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2015</span>. <q>...I have always been very open. I was asked a question once in one of those questions where you're only allowed to answer "yes" or "no", and I was asked "Do you believe in God?" As it happens I don't know whether God exists. I'm much more of an agnostic. But of course when I was asked "yes" or "no", I tried (as I always do) to give a straight answer, and I said "Well, no, I don't know". As it happens I have an immense amount of respect for people of faith. I'm not a man of faith ... [but] my wife is, you know, religious. My children are being brought up my three children are being brought up in her faith. I accompany them to church pretty well every week because, you know, I respect that. Large numbers of my family are, it's just that I am not a man of faith. I know it's fashionable in politics, just as it is fashionable in politics to say that you support a football team even if you haven't since the year of sort of – since you were two years old. It's also fashionable to suddenly pretend that people have faith when they don't. I have always been very open about the fact that I am not a man of faith.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nick+Clegg+Transcript&rft.pub=Saga&rft.date=2010-04-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saga.co.uk%2Fmedia-centre%2Fpress-releases%2F2010%2Fnick-clegg-transcript.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/general-election-2015/11591281/conservative-government-live.html">"Election 2015: Stability at the top as David Cameron keeps key Cabinet ministers in place – as it happened, May 8"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. 8 May 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150513215954/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/general-election-2015/11591281/conservative-government-live.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Lib+dems+planned+before+election+to+abandon+tuition+fees+pledge&rft.date=2010-11-12&rft.aulast=Watt&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2010%2Fnov%2F12%2Flib-dems-tuition-fees-clegg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-11483638">"BBC The Browne review Q&A"</a>. BBC. 14 October 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101216044737/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-11483638">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=BBC+The+Browne+review+Q%26A&rft.date=2010-10-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Feducation-11483638&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-11537333">"Clegg urges MP's to think before opposing Browne review"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 13 October 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101016065708/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-11537333">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Clegg+urges+MP%27s+to+think+before+opposing+Browne+review&rft.date=2010-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-11537333&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-19646731">"Senior Lib Dems apologise over tuition fees pledge"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 20 September 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120919201227/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-19646731">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Senior+Lib+Dems+apologise+over+tuition+fees+pledge&rft.date=2012-09-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-19646731&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2012/09/20/watch-nick-clegg-s-tuition-fees-apology">"Watch: Nick Clegg's tuition fees apology"</a>. 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London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101018055854/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/educationnews/8066263/Nick-Clegg-poor-children-will-receive-7bn-fairness-premium.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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No, it would stick in my throat, the Deputy Prime Minister says"</a>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120911014202/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/9518526/Arise-Lord-Clegg-No-it-would-stick-in-my-throat-the-Deputy-Prime-Minister-says.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=%27Arise+Lord+Clegg%3F%27+No%2C+it+would+stick+in+my+throat%2C+the+Deputy+Prime+Minister+says&rft.date=2012-09-03&rft.aulast=Hope&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F9518526%2FArise-Lord-Clegg-No-it-would-stick-in-my-throat-the-Deputy-Prime-Minister-says.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCulbertson2018" class="citation news cs1">Culbertson, Alix (14 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.sky.com/story/david-miliband-joins-nick-clegg-and-nicky-morgan-in-call-for-soft-brexit-11370115">"David Miliband joins Nick Clegg and Nicky Morgan in call for soft Brexit"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Radio+Academy+Awards+2014%3A+Nominees&rft.pub=Radio+Today&rft.date=2014-04-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fradiotoday.co.uk%2F2014%2F04%2Fthe-radio-academy-awards-2014-nominees%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://audioboom.com/channel/nickclegg">"Anger Management with Nick Clegg"</a>. <i>audioboom.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180713201204/https://audioboom.com/channel/nickclegg">Archived</a> from the original on 13 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Facebook+hires+Nick+Clegg+as+head+of+global+affairs&rft.date=2018-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F358b0e0e-d383-11e8-a9f2-7574db66bcd5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-auto1_137-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/oct/19/facebook-hires-nick-clegg-as-head-of-global-affairs">"Facebook hires Nick Clegg as head of global affairs"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 19 October 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181019123141/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/oct/19/facebook-hires-nick-clegg-as-head-of-global-affairs">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Facebook+hires+Nick+Clegg+as+head+of+global+affairs&rft.date=2018-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftechnology%2F2018%2Foct%2F19%2Ffacebook-hires-nick-clegg-as-head-of-global-affairs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParker2018" class="citation news cs1">Parker, George (19 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/eeee571a-d3b1-11e8-a9f2-7574db66bcd5">"Nick Clegg seeks to be 'bridge' between Big Tech and government"</a>. <i>Financial Times</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Nick+Clegg+seeks+to+be+%27bridge%27+between+Big+Tech+and+government&rft.date=2018-10-19&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Feeee571a-d3b1-11e8-a9f2-7574db66bcd5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/business-49109624">"Facebook 'rocked to its very foundations'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. 25 July 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190725185656/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-49109624">Archived</a> from the original on 25 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Facebook+%27rocked+to+its+very+foundations%27&rft.date=2019-07-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-49109624&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/apr/17/eu-tells-facebooks-nick-clegg-to-rethink-ad-funding-rules">"EU tells Facebook's Nick Clegg to rethink ad rules for elections"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 17 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211030154909/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/apr/17/eu-tells-facebooks-nick-clegg-to-rethink-ad-funding-rules">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=EU+tells+Facebook%27s+Nick+Clegg+to+rethink+ad+rules+for+elections&rft.date=2019-04-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftechnology%2F2019%2Fapr%2F17%2Feu-tells-facebooks-nick-clegg-to-rethink-ad-funding-rules&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/may/12/facebook-nick-clegg-rejects-calls-to-break-up-company">"Nick Clegg rejects Facebook break-up calls backed by Kamala Harris"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 12 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211030181421/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/may/12/facebook-nick-clegg-rejects-calls-to-break-up-company">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Nick+Clegg+rejects+Facebook+break-up+calls+backed+by+Kamala+Harris&rft.date=2019-05-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftechnology%2F2019%2Fmay%2F12%2Ffacebook-nick-clegg-rejects-calls-to-break-up-company&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-48740231">"Facebook: Nick Clegg says 'no evidence' of Russian interference in Brexit vote"</a>. 14 July 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190624080336/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-48740231">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Facebook%3A+Nick+Clegg+says+%27no+evidence%27+of+Russian+interference+in+Brexit+vote&rft.date=2019-07-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-48740231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/oct/22/uk-facebook-nick-clegg-decision-to-exempt-political-statements-from-fact-checking">"UK queries Facebook decision to exempt political statements from fact-checking"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 22 October 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211030154906/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/oct/22/uk-facebook-nick-clegg-decision-to-exempt-political-statements-from-fact-checking">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=How+Nick+Clegg+is+trying+to+fix+Facebook%27s+global+image&rft.date=2020-05-15&rft.aulast=Scola&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Fhow-nick-clegg-is-trying-to-fix-facebooks-global-image-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSatarianoKang2021" class="citation news cs1">Satariano, Adam; Kang, Cecilia (5 May 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/05/technology/facebook-trump-nick-clegg.html">"British Political Veteran Steers Facebook's Trump Decision"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211030154906/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/05/technology/facebook-trump-nick-clegg.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=British+Political+Veteran+Steers+Facebook%27s+Trump+Decision&rft.date=2021-05-05&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Satariano&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft.au=Kang%2C+Cecilia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F05%2F05%2Ftechnology%2Ffacebook-trump-nick-clegg.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsaac2021" class="citation news cs1">Isaac, Mike (2 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/02/technology/whistle-blower-facebook-memo.html">"Whistle-Blower to Accuse Facebook of Contributing to Jan. 6 Riot, Memo Says"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211030154908/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/02/technology/whistle-blower-facebook-memo.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Whistle-Blower+to+Accuse+Facebook+of+Contributing+to+Jan.+6+Riot%2C+Memo+Says&rft.date=2021-10-02&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Isaac&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F10%2F02%2Ftechnology%2Fwhistle-blower-facebook-memo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/sep/18/facebook-wall-street-journal-reports-nick-clegg">"Facebook slams Wall Street Journal reports as 'deliberate mischaracterisations'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 18 September 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211030154910/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/sep/18/facebook-wall-street-journal-reports-nick-clegg">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Facebook+slams+Wall+Street+Journal+reports+as+%27deliberate+mischaracterisations%27&rft.date=2021-09-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftechnology%2F2021%2Fsep%2F18%2Ffacebook-wall-street-journal-reports-nick-clegg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailydot.com/debug/facebook-nick-clegg-algorithm-capitol-riot/">"Facebook executive won't give 'yes or no answer' if site amplified pro-insurrection content before Capitol riot"</a>. <i>The Daily Dot</i>. 11 October 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211030154908/https://www.dailydot.com/debug/facebook-nick-clegg-algorithm-capitol-riot/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Dot&rft.atitle=Facebook+executive+won%27t+give+%27yes+or+no+answer%27+if+site+amplified+pro-insurrection+content+before+Capitol+riot&rft.date=2021-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailydot.com%2Fdebug%2Ffacebook-nick-clegg-algorithm-capitol-riot%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnalysis_by_Luke_McGee_and_Stephen_Collinson2021" class="citation web cs1">Analysis by Luke McGee and Stephen Collinson (26 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/10/26/world/meanwhile-in-america-october-26-intl/index.html">"Analysis: How Nick Clegg ended up putting out fires for Facebook"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211031114509/https://www.cnn.com/2021/10/26/world/meanwhile-in-america-october-26-intl/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Analysis%3A+How+Nick+Clegg+ended+up+putting+out+fires+for+Facebook&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2021-10-26&rft.au=Analysis+by+Luke+McGee+and+Stephen+Collinson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2021%2F10%2F26%2Fworld%2Fmeanwhile-in-america-october-26-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/nick-clegg-facebook-haugan-whistleblower-b1945055.html">"Nick Clegg's outrageous defence of Facebook is enough to drive anyone to extremes"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. 25 October 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211030154908/https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/nick-clegg-facebook-haugan-whistleblower-b1945055.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Nick+Clegg%27s+outrageous+defence+of+Facebook+is+enough+to+drive+anyone+to+extremes&rft.date=2021-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fvoices%2Fnick-clegg-facebook-haugan-whistleblower-b1945055.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/nick-clegg-s-facebook-nightmare">"Nick Clegg's Facebook nightmare"</a>. <i>The Spectator Australia</i>. 11 October 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211011223812/https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/nick-clegg-s-facebook-nightmare">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Spectator+Australia&rft.atitle=Nick+Clegg%27s+Facebook+nightmare&rft.date=2021-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spectator.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fnick-clegg-s-facebook-nightmare&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWerber2021" class="citation web cs1">Werber, Cassie (5 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qz.com/work/2069106/nick-clegg-facebooks-defender-was-once-a-political-idealist/">"Nick Clegg, Facebook's lead apologist, used to be a political idealist"</a>. <i>Quartz</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211030154919/https://qz.com/work/2069106/nick-clegg-facebooks-defender-was-once-a-political-idealist/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Quartz&rft.atitle=Nick+Clegg%2C+Facebook%27s+lead+apologist%2C+used+to+be+a+political+idealist&rft.date=2021-10-05&rft.aulast=Werber&rft.aufirst=Cassie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fqz.com%2Fwork%2F2069106%2Fnick-clegg-facebooks-defender-was-once-a-political-idealist%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-60410636">"Nick Clegg gets bigger role at Facebook-owner Meta"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 16 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Current+voting+intentions&rft.pub=UK+Polling+Report&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fukpollingreport.co.uk%2Fblog%2Fvoting-intention&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ukpollingreport.co.uk/blog/uk-polling-report-average">"The UKPolling Report Polling Average"</a>. UK Polling Report. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100409054101/http://ukpollingreport.co.uk/blog/uk-polling-report-average">Archived</a> from the original on 9 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Comres. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comres.co.uk/page184332236.aspx">the original</a> on 21 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ITV+News+Instant+Poll+Results+15+April+2010&rft.pub=Comres&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.comres.co.uk%2Fpage184332236.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWells" class="citation web cs1">Wells, Anthony. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.today.yougov.co.uk/politics/latest-voting-intention-20-april">"Latest voting intention 20 April 2010"</a>. YouGov<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Parliamentary+Affairs&rft.atitle=%27I+Went+with+What+I+Always+Do+...%27%3A+A+Qualitative+Analysis+of+%27Cleggmania%27+and+Vote+Choice+in+the+2010+British+General+Election&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E423-%3C%2Fspan%3E446&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fpa%2Fgst050&rft.aulast=Carvalho&rft.aufirst=Edzia&rft.au=Winters%2C+Kristi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.dundee.ac.uk%2Fws%2Ffiles%2F5771745%2FCleggmania_revised_final_draft.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101211102752/http://today.yougov.co.uk/politics/govt-trackers-update-8th-dec">"Gov't trackers – update 8th Dec"</a>. 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UK Polling Report. 8 December 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101213014957/http://ukpollingreport.co.uk/blog/archives/2903">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UK+Polling+Report&rft.pub=UK+Polling+Report&rft.date=2010-12-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fukpollingreport.co.uk%2Fblog%2Farchives%2F2903&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/south_yorkshire/7378924.stm">"Lib Dems take power in Sheffield"</a>. 2 May 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090608183407/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/south_yorkshire/7378924.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 8 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Lib+Dems+take+power+in+Sheffield&rft.date=2008-05-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2Fengland%2Fsouth_yorkshire%2F7378924.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/bsp/hi/elections/local_council/09/html/region_99999.stm">"Councils A-Z"</a>. 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BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190507090127/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/bsp/hi/elections/euro/09/html/ukregion_999999.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UK+Results&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fshared%2Fbsp%2Fhi%2Felections%2Feuro%2F09%2Fhtml%2Fukregion_999999.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/election2010/results">"United Kingdom – National Results"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211026180535/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/election2010/results/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+Kingdom+%E2%80%93+National+Results&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fshared%2Felection2010%2Fresults&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130304131723/http://www.parliament.uk/mps-lords-and-offices/offices/commons/hcio/by-elections-2010/">"By-elections since the 2010 General Election – UK Parliament"</a>. Parliament of the United Kingdom. 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surge"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 1 March 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130301065218/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-21625726">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Eastleigh+by-election%3A+Lib+Dems+hold+on+despite+UKIP+surge&rft.date=2013-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-21625726&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.parliament.uk/biographies/commons/debbie-abrahams/80556">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130202170104/http://www.parliament.uk/biographies/commons/debbie-abrahams/80556">Archived</a> 2 February 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.parliament.uk/biographies/commons/jonathan-ashworth/27620">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130202170339/http://www.parliament.uk/biographies/commons/jonathan-ashworth/27620">Archived</a> 2 February 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.parliament.uk/biographies/commons/lucy-powell/60214">[3]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130202183011/http://www.parliament.uk/biographies/commons/lucy-powell/60214">Archived</a> 2 February 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.parliament.uk/biographies/commons/sarah-champion/101347">[4]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130202171950/http://www.parliament.uk/biographies/commons/sarah-champion/101347">Archived</a> 2 February 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special/election2011/overview/html/scotland.stm">"Scotland elections"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170201190853/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special/election2011/overview/html/scotland.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Scotland+elections&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fspecial%2Felection2011%2Foverview%2Fhtml%2Fscotland.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special/election2011/overview/html/wales.stm">"Wales elections"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925193345/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special/election2011/overview/html/wales.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Wales+elections&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fspecial%2Felection2011%2Foverview%2Fhtml%2Fwales.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special/election2011/council/html/england.stm">"England Council Elections"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150424225335/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special/election2011/council/html/england.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=England+Council+Elections&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fspecial%2Felection2011%2Fcouncil%2Fhtml%2Fengland.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-13303885">"Vote 2011: Nick Clegg quit calls after council losses"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 7 May 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110513090105/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-13303885">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Vote+2011%3A+Nick+Clegg+quit+calls+after+council+losses&rft.date=2011-05-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-13303885&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special/vote2012/council/gb.stm">"2012 Council Results"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130204041140/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special/vote2012/council/gb.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=2012+Council+Results&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fspecial%2Fvote2012%2Fcouncil%2Fgb.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131103235533/http://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/News/Lib-Dems-lose-overall-control-of-Cambridge-04052012.htm">"Lib Dems lose overall control of Cambridge"</a>. <i>Cambridge News</i>. 22 March 2013. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Results%3A+Police+elections&rft.date=2016-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-19970734&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailypost.co.uk/news/north-wales-news/2012/11/20/new-police-commissioner-says-he-didn-t-try-to-hide-lib-dem-membership-55578-32266040/">News: The latest North Wales news from</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130420024153/http://www.dailypost.co.uk/news/north-wales-news/2012/11/20/new-police-commissioner-says-he-didn-t-try-to-hide-lib-dem-membership-55578-32266040/">Archived</a> 20 April 2013 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a>. <i>The Daily Post</i> (24 May 2013).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2015-england-32644487">"Election 2015: Nick Clegg and Ed Miliband resign as leaders"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 8 May 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171127132933/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2015-england-32644487">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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London. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=David+Cameron+under+fire+for+refusing+to+wear+pro-feminist+T-shirt&rft.date=2014-10-27&rft.aulast=Halliday%2C+Cresci&rft.aufirst=Josh%2C+Elena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Foct%2F27%2Fdavid-cameron-feminist-t-shirt-refusal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLumley2019" class="citation news cs1">Lumley, Sarah (26 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/01/26/nick-clegg-swaps-putney-townhouse-7million-california-mansion/">"Nick Clegg swaps Putney townhouse for £7 million California mansion ahead of new Facebook role"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190210152534/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/01/26/nick-clegg-swaps-putney-townhouse-7million-california-mansion/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Nick+Clegg+swaps+Putney+townhouse+for+%C2%A37+million+California+mansion+ahead+of+new+Facebook+role&rft.date=2019-01-26&rft.aulast=Lumley&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2019%2F01%2F26%2Fnick-clegg-swaps-putney-townhouse-7million-california-mansion%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAitkenhead2009" class="citation news cs1">Aitkenhead, Decca (1 June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2009/jun/01/interview-nick-clegg-liberal-democrats">"Nick Clegg: 'I've seen enough of my predecessors being led up the garden path and then disappointed'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131105044803/http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2009/jun/01/interview-nick-clegg-liberal-democrats">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Nick+Clegg%3A+%27I%27ve+seen+enough+of+my+predecessors+being+led+up+the+garden+path+and+then+disappointed%27&rft.date=2009-06-01&rft.aulast=Aitkenhead&rft.aufirst=Decca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Flifeandstyle%2F2009%2Fjun%2F01%2Finterview-nick-clegg-liberal-democrats&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClegg2010" class="citation news cs1">Clegg, Nick (14 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2010/feb/14/stanage-edge-peak-district-nick-clegg">"Destination romance: Peak District"</a>. <i>The Observer</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131105045032/http://www.theguardian.com/travel/2010/feb/14/stanage-edge-peak-district-nick-clegg">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Observer&rft.atitle=Destination+romance%3A+Peak+District&rft.date=2010-02-14&rft.aulast=Clegg&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftravel%2F2010%2Ffeb%2F14%2Fstanage-edge-peak-district-nick-clegg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSparrow2010" class="citation news cs1">Sparrow, Andrew (18 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2010/may/18/clegg-hague-share-country-house">"Nick Clegg and William Hague to share country house"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131105044716/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2010/may/18/clegg-hague-share-country-house">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Nick+Clegg+and+William+Hague+to+share+country+house&rft.date=2010-05-18&rft.aulast=Sparrow&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2010%2Fmay%2F18%2Fclegg-hague-share-country-house&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-telegraph-20220803-198"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-telegraph-20220803_198-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarringtonCorfield2022" class="citation news cs1">Warrington, James; Corfield, Gareth (3 August 2022). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2022/08/03/sir-nick-clegg-quits-silicon-valley-london-latest-meta-move/">"Sir Nick Clegg returns to London in latest Meta move"</a></span>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Scrutinising+Nick+Clegg%27s+desert+island+choices&rft.date=2010-10-24&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-11613929&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rosa_prince_clegg-201"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rosa_prince_clegg_201-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrince2011" class="citation news cs1">Prince, Rosa (6 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/nick-clegg/8369519/Nick-Clegg-I-cry-to-music-and-even-my-sons-ask-why-everyone-hates-me.html">"Nick Clegg: I cry to music and even my sons ask why everyone hates me"</a>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110409164445/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/nick-clegg/8369519/Nick-Clegg-I-cry-to-music-and-even-my-sons-ask-why-everyone-hates-me.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Nick+Clegg%3A+I+cry+to+music+and+even+my+sons+ask+why+everyone+hates+me&rft.date=2011-04-06&rft.aulast=Prince&rft.aufirst=Rosa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fnick-clegg%2F8369519%2FNick-Clegg-I-cry-to-music-and-even-my-sons-ask-why-everyone-hates-me.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-20595308">"Cameron and Clegg asked about favourite football teams"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150428042930/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-20595308">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Cameron+and+Clegg+asked+about+favourite+football+teams&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-20595308&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette62150" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/62150/supplement/N2">"No. 62150"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i> (Supplement). 30 December 2017. p. N2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+62150&rft.pages=N2&rft.date=2017-12-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F62150%2Fsupplement%2FN2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.famechain.com/family-tree/28348/nick-clegg">"Nick Clegg Family Tree & History, Ancestry & Genealogy – FameChain"</a>. <i>www.famechain.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.famechain.com&rft.atitle=Nick+Clegg+Family+Tree+%26+History%2C+Ancestry+%26+Genealogy+%E2%80%93+FameChain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.famechain.com%2Ffamily-tree%2F28348%2Fnick-clegg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Clegg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books_by_Nick_Clegg">Books by Nick Clegg</h3></div> <ul><li>Clegg, Nick (2000). <i>Doing Less to Do More: A New Focus for the EU</i>. Centre for European Reform. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-901229-17-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-901229-17-2">978-1-901229-17-2</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dbresearch.de/PROD/DBR_INTERNET_DE-PROD/PROD0000000000041237.pdf">Extract</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055010/http://www.dbresearch.de/PROD/DBR_INTERNET_DE-PROD/PROD0000000000041237.pdf">Archived</a> 4 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Brack, Duncan and Clegg, Nick (2001). <i>Trading for the Future: Reforming the WTO</i>. Centre for Reform. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-902622-27-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-902622-27-9">978-1-902622-27-9</a>.</li> <li>Clegg, Nick (2002). "Restoring Legitimacy: Parliaments and the EU" in Ulrike Rüb (ed.) <i>European governance: views from the UK on democracy, participation and policy-making in the EU</i>, pp31–44. The Federal Trust for Education and Research. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-903403-33-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-903403-33-4">978-1-903403-33-4</a>.</li> <li>Grayson, Richard and Clegg, Nick (2002). <i>Learning from Europe: lessons in education</i>.</li> <li>Clegg, Nick (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.demos.co.uk/files/Liberal_moment_-_EMBARGOED_18.09.09.pdf?1253118265"><i>The Liberal Moment</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923213541/http://www.demos.co.uk/files/Liberal_moment_-_EMBARGOED_18.09.09.pdf?1253118265">Archived</a> 23 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Demos_(UK_think_tank)" title="Demos (UK think tank)">Demos</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-906693-24-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-906693-24-4">978-1-906693-24-4</a>.</li> <li>Alexander, Danny with foreword by Clegg Nick (2010), <i>Why Vote Liberal Democrat?</i>. Biteback. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84954-021-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84954-021-6">978-1-84954-021-6</a>.</li> <li>Clegg, Nick (ed.) (2010). <i>Change That Works for You: Liberal Democrat General Election Manifesto 2010: Building a Fairer Britain</i>. Liberal Democrat Publications. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-907046-19-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-907046-19-3">978-1-907046-19-3</a>.</li> <li>Clegg, Nick (2016). <i>Politics: Between the Extremes</i>. The Bodley Head. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781847924056" title="Special:BookSources/9781847924056">9781847924056</a></li> <li>Clegg, Nick (2017). <i><a href="/wiki/How_To_Stop_Brexit_(And_Make_Britain_Great_Again)" class="mw-redirect" title="How To Stop Brexit (And Make Britain Great Again)">How To Stop Brexit (And Make Britain Great Again)</a></i>. The Bodley Head. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1847925237" title="Special:BookSources/978-1847925237">978-1847925237</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Essays_by_Nick_Clegg">Essays by Nick Clegg</h3></div> <ul><li>Clegg, Nick (2024)."<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amacad.org/publication/daedalus/future-speech-online-international-cooperation-free-open-internet">The Future of Speech Online: International Cooperation for a Free & Open Internet.</a>" Published in <a href="/wiki/Daedalus_(journal)" title="Daedalus (journal)"><i>Daedalus</i></a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books_about_Nick_Clegg">Books about Nick Clegg</h3></div> <ul><li>(2011) <i>Nick Clegg: The Biography</i> by Chris Bowers</li> <li>(2011) <i>The Clegg Coup: Britain's First Coalition Government Since Lloyd George</i> by Jasper Gerard</li> <li>(2011) <i>The Cameron-Clegg Government: Coalition Politics in an Age of Austerity</i> by Simon Lee and Matt Beech</li> <li>(2011) <i>Dave and Nick: The Year of the Honeymoon</i> by <a href="/wiki/Ann_Treneman" title="Ann Treneman">Ann Treneman</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Nick Clegg</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/category:Nick_Clegg" class="extiw" title="c:category:Nick Clegg">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Nick_Clegg" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Nick Clegg">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Nick_Clegg" class="extiw" title="q:Nick Clegg">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189947" class="extiw" title="d:Q189947">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.uk/biographies/commons/mr-nick-clegg/1563">Profile</a> at <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hansard.parliament.uk/search/MemberContributions?memberId=1563">Contributions in Parliament</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Hansard</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/mr-nick-clegg">Contributions in Parliament</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Hansard 1803–2005</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publicwhip.org.uk/mp.php?mpn=Nicholas_Clegg">Voting record</a> at <a href="/wiki/Public_Whip" title="Public Whip">Public Whip</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theyworkforyou.com/mp/11812">Record in Parliament</a> at <a href="/wiki/TheyWorkForYou" title="TheyWorkForYou">TheyWorkForYou</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/nickclegg">Nick Clegg | Politics | The Guardian</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newstatesman.com/writers/315907">Nick Clegg | New Statesman</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180911044525/https://www.newstatesman.com/writers/315907">Archived</a> 11 September 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New constituency</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">Member of the European Parliament</a><br />for <a href="/wiki/East_Midlands_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="East Midlands (European Parliament constituency)">East Midlands</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1999 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">1999</a>–<a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2004 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2004</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Newton_Dunn" title="Bill Newton Dunn">Bill Newton Dunn</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Allan" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Allan">Richard Allan</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a><br />for <a href="/wiki/Sheffield_Hallam_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Sheffield Hallam (UK Parliament constituency)">Sheffield Hallam</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/2005_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2005 United Kingdom general election">2005</a>–<a href="/wiki/2017_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2017 United Kingdom general election">2017</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jared_O%27Mara" title="Jared O'Mara">Jared O'Mara</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alistair_Carmichael" title="Alistair Carmichael">Alistair Carmichael</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_Home_Affairs_spokesperson" title="Liberal Democrat Home Affairs spokesperson">Liberal Democrats spokesperson for Home Affairs</a> </b><br />2006–2007 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Huhne" title="Chris Huhne">Chris Huhne</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Vince_Cable" title="Vince Cable">Vince Cable</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Acting</span></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Liberal_Democrats" title="Leader of the Liberal Democrats">Leader of the Liberal Democrats</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/2007_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="2007 Liberal Democrats leadership election">2007</a>–<a href="/wiki/2015_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="2015 Liberal Democrats leadership election">2015</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Farron" title="Tim Farron">Tim Farron</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title last held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/John_Prescott" title="John Prescott">John Prescott</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a> </b><br />2010–2015 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title next held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Raab" title="Dominic Raab">Dominic Raab</a> </b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_Mandelson" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lord Mandelson">The Lord Mandelson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Lord_President_of_the_Council" title="Lord President of the Council">Lord President of the Council</a> </b><br />2010–2015 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Grayling" title="Chris Grayling">Chris Grayling</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nick_Clegg270" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nick_Clegg" title="Template:Nick Clegg"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nick_Clegg" title="Template talk:Nick Clegg"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nick_Clegg" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nick Clegg"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nick_Clegg270" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nick Clegg</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a> (2010–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_President_of_the_Council" title="Lord President of the Council">Lord President of the Council</a> (2010–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Liberal_Democrats" title="Leader of the Liberal Democrats">Leader of the Liberal Democrats</a> (2007–2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nick_Clegg%27s_tenure_as_Deputy_Prime_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Nick Clegg's tenure as Deputy Prime Minister">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_David_Cameron" title="Premiership of David Cameron">Premiership of David Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameron%E2%80%93Clegg_coalition" title="Cameron–Clegg coalition">Cameron–Clegg coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_government_formation" title="2010 United Kingdom government formation">2010 coalition negotiations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative%E2%80%93Liberal_Democrat_coalition_agreement" title="Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition agreement">Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontbench_Team_of_Nick_Clegg" title="Frontbench Team of Nick Clegg">Frontbench Team</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nick_Clegg_v2_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nick Clegg"><img alt="Nick Clegg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Nick_Clegg_v2_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Nick_Clegg_v2_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Nick_Clegg_v2_%28cropped%29.jpg/135px-Nick_Clegg_v2_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Nick_Clegg_v2_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Nick_Clegg_v2_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Midlands_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="East Midlands (European Parliament constituency)">East Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheffield_Hallam_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Sheffield Hallam (UK Parliament constituency)">Sheffield Hallam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontbench_Team_of_Nick_Clegg" title="Frontbench Team of Nick Clegg">Opposition Frontbench Team</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2007_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="2007 Liberal Democrats leadership election">2007 (party leadership)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2008 United Kingdom local elections">2008 (local)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2009 United Kingdom local elections">2009 (local)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2009 (European)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2010 United Kingdom local elections">2010 (local)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2010 United Kingdom general election">2010 (general)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2011 United Kingdom local elections">2011 (local)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2012 United Kingdom local elections">2012 (local)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2013 United Kingdom local elections">2013 (local)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2014 United Kingdom local elections">2014 (local)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2014 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2014 (European)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2015 United Kingdom general election">2015 (general)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2015 United Kingdom local elections">2015 (local)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_P._Clegg" title="Nicholas P. Clegg">Nicholas Peter Clegg</a> <small>(father)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Dur%C3%A1ntez" title="Miriam González Durántez">Miriam González Durántez</a> <small>(wife)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Clegg_(doctor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh Clegg (doctor)">Hugh Clegg</a> <small>(paternal grandfather)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engelhardt_family" title="Engelhardt family">Kira von Engelhardt, Baroness von Smolensk</a> <small>(paternal grandmother)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moura_Budberg" title="Moura Budberg">Baroness Moura Budberg</a> <small>(paternal aunt-great-grandmother)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In the media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/St_Theresa%27s_Independent_State_Grammar_School_for_Girls_(and_Boys)" title="St Theresa's Independent State Grammar School for Girls (and Boys)">The New Coalition Academy</a>" (2010–2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Britain%27s_Economy:_Cameron_and_Clegg_Face_the_Audience" title="Britain's Economy: Cameron and Clegg Face the Audience">Britain's Economy: Cameron and Clegg Face the Audience</a></i> (2010)</li> <li>"<i><a href="/wiki/Nick_Clegg_Says_I%27m_Sorry_(The_Autotune_Remix)" title="Nick Clegg Says I'm Sorry (The Autotune Remix)">Nick Clegg Says I'm Sorry (The Autotune Remix)</a></i>" (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_European_Union:_In_or_Out" title="The European Union: In or Out">The European Union: In or Out</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coalition_(film)" title="Coalition (film)">Coalition</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/How_to_Stop_Brexit_(And_Make_Britain_Great_Again)" title="How to Stop Brexit (And Make Britain Great Again)">How to Stop Brexit (And Make Britain Great Again)</a></i> (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="People&#039;s_Vote98" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #998FB1;);color:black;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:People%27s_Vote" title="Template:People's Vote"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:People%27s_Vote" title="Template talk:People's Vote"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:People%27s_Vote" title="Special:EditPage/Template:People's Vote"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="People&#039;s_Vote98" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Vote" title="People's Vote"><span style="color:black;">People's Vote</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #998FB1;);color:black;;width:1%">Member organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Britain_for_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Britain for Europe">Britain for Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Movement_UK" title="European Movement UK">European Movement UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_our_Future%27s_Sake" title="For our Future's Sake">For our Future's Sake</a> (FFS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthier_IN_the_EU" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthier IN the EU">Healthier IN the EU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InFacts" class="mw-redirect" title="InFacts">InFacts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Britain" title="Open Britain">Open Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Future_Our_Choice" title="Our Future Our Choice">Our Future Our Choice</a> (OFOC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientists_for_EU" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientists for EU">Scientists for EU</a></li> <li>Wales for Europe</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #998FB1;);color:black;;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #998FB1;text-align:center;;width:1%">Politicians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Adonis,_Baron_Adonis" title="Andrew Adonis, Baron Adonis">Lord Adonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Bearder" title="Catherine Bearder">Catherine Bearder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vince_Cable" title="Vince Cable">Vince Cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menzies_Campbell" title="Menzies Campbell">Menzies Campbell</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nick Clegg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavin_Esler" title="Gavin Esler">Gavin Esler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lammy" title="David Lammy">David Lammy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Lucas" title="Caroline Lucas">Caroline Lucas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Layla_Moran" title="Layla Moran">Layla Moran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Soubry" title="Anna Soubry">Anna Soubry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wes_Streeting" title="Wes Streeting">Wes Streeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuka_Umunna" title="Chuka Umunna">Chuka Umunna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #998FB1;text-align:center;;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rory_Bremner" title="Rory Bremner">Rory Bremner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Cox_(physicist)" title="Brian Cox (physicist)">Brian Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Dunkerton" title="Julian Dunkerton">Julian Dunkerton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Galsworthy" title="Mike Galsworthy">Mike Galsworthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armando_Iannucci" title="Armando Iannucci">Armando Iannucci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Lineker" title="Gary Lineker">Gary Lineker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Parsons" title="Andy Parsons">Andy Parsons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Robinson" title="Tony Robinson">Tony Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Stewart" title="Patrick Stewart">Patrick Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Weyman" title="Anne Weyman">Anne Weyman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #998FB1;);color:black;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Best_for_Britain" title="Best for Britain">Best for Britain</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_referendum_on_the_Brexit_withdrawal_agreement" title="Proposed referendum on the Brexit withdrawal agreement">Proposed referendum on the Brexit withdrawal agreement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Liberal_Democrats234" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FAA61A"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Template:Liberal Democrats (UK)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Template talk:Liberal Democrats (UK)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Liberal Democrats (UK)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Liberal_Democrats234" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)"><span style="color:#000000">Liberal Democrats</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FAA61A"><div id="Leadership234" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leadership</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Liberal_Democrats" title="Leader of the Liberal Democrats">Leaders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Steel" title="David Steel">Steel</a> <i>(Liberal)</i> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Maclennan,_Baron_Maclennan_of_Rogart" title="Robert Maclennan, Baron Maclennan of Rogart">Maclennan</a> <i>(SDP)</i> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddy_Ashdown" title="Paddy Ashdown">Ashdown</a> (1988–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kennedy" title="Charles Kennedy">Kennedy</a> (1999–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menzies_Campbell" title="Menzies Campbell">Campbell</a> (2006–2007)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Clegg</a> (2007–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Farron" title="Tim Farron">Farron</a> (2015–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vince_Cable" title="Vince Cable">Cable</a> (2017–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Swinson" title="Jo Swinson">Swinson</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Davey" title="Ed Davey">Davey</a> (from 2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_leader_of_the_Liberal_Democrats" title="Deputy leader of the Liberal Democrats">Deputy leaders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Johnston" title="Russell Johnston">Johnston</a> (1988–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Beith" title="Alan Beith">Beith</a> (1992–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menzies_Campbell" title="Menzies Campbell">Campbell</a> (2003–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vince_Cable" title="Vince Cable">Cable</a> (2006–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Hughes" title="Simon Hughes">Hughes</a> (2010–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Bruce" title="Malcolm Bruce">Bruce</a> (2014–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Swinson" title="Jo Swinson">Swinson</a> (2017–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Davey" title="Ed Davey">Davey</a> (2019–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daisy_Cooper" title="Daisy Cooper">Cooper</a> (from 2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Liberal_Democrats_in_the_House_of_Lords" title="Leader of the Liberal Democrats in the House of Lords">Leaders in the Lords</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Seear,_Baroness_Seear" title="Nancy Seear, Baroness Seear">Seear</a> <i>(Liberal)</i> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Diamond,_Baron_Diamond" title="Jack Diamond, Baron Diamond">Diamond</a> <i>(SDP)</i> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Jenkins</a> (1988–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Rodgers,_Baron_Rodgers_of_Quarry_Bank" title="Bill Rodgers, Baron Rodgers of Quarry Bank">Rodgers</a> (1997–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Williams" title="Shirley Williams">Williams</a> (2001–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_McNally,_Baron_McNally" title="Tom McNally, Baron McNally">McNally</a> (2004–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Wallace,_Baron_Wallace_of_Tankerness" title="Jim Wallace, Baron Wallace of Tankerness">Wallace</a> (2013–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Newby,_Baron_Newby" title="Richard Newby, Baron Newby">Newby</a> (from 2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Liberal_Democrats" title="President of the Liberal Democrats">Presidents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Wrigglesworth" title="Ian Wrigglesworth">Wrigglesworth</a> (1989–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kennedy" title="Charles Kennedy">Kennedy</a> (1991–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Maclennan,_Baron_Maclennan_of_Rogart" title="Robert Maclennan, Baron Maclennan of Rogart">Maclennan</a> (1995–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Maddock,_Baroness_Maddock" title="Diana Maddock, Baroness Maddock">Maddock</a> (1999–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navnit_Dholakia,_Baron_Dholakia" title="Navnit Dholakia, Baron Dholakia">Dholakia</a> (2001–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Hughes" title="Simon Hughes">Hughes</a> (2005–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Scott,_Baroness_Scott_of_Needham_Market" title="Rosalind Scott, Baroness Scott of Needham Market">Scott</a> (2009–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Farron" title="Tim Farron">Farron</a> (2011–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sal_Brinton" title="Sal Brinton">Brinton</a> (2015–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Pack" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark Pack">Pack</a> (from 2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FAA61A"><div id="Leadership_elections234" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leadership elections</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1988_Social_and_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="1988 Social and Liberal Democrats leadership election">1988 (Ashdown)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="1999 Liberal Democrats leadership election">1999 (Kennedy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="2006 Liberal Democrats leadership election">2006 (Campbell)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="2007 Liberal Democrats leadership election">2007 (Clegg)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="2015 Liberal Democrats leadership election">2015 (Farron)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="2017 Liberal Democrats leadership election">2017 (Cable)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="2019 Liberal Democrats leadership election">2019 (Swinson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="2020 Liberal Democrats leadership election">2020 (Davey)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="2024 Liberal Democrats leadership election">2024 (Davey)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%">Deputy leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2003_Liberal_Democrats_deputy_leadership_election" title="2003 Liberal Democrats deputy leadership election">2003 (Campbell)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Liberal_Democrats_deputy_leadership_election" title="2006 Liberal Democrats deputy leadership election">2006 (Cable)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Liberal_Democrats_deputy_leadership_election" title="2010 Liberal Democrats deputy leadership election">2010 (Hughes)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Liberal_Democrats_deputy_leadership_election" title="2014 Liberal Democrats deputy leadership election">2014 (Bruce)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Liberal_Democrats_deputy_leadership_election" title="2017 Liberal Democrats deputy leadership election">2017 (Swinson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Liberal_Democrats_deputy_leadership_election" title="2019 Liberal Democrats deputy leadership election">2019 (Davey)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FAA61A"><div id="Frontbench_team234" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_frontbench_team" title="Liberal Democrat frontbench team">Frontbench team</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Liberal_Democrats" title="Leader of the Liberal Democrats">Leader of the Liberal Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_leader_of_the_Liberal_Democrats" title="Deputy leader of the Liberal Democrats">Deputy leader of the Liberal Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_Treasury_spokesperson" title="Liberal Democrat Treasury spokesperson">Liberal Democrat Treasury spokesperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_Home_Affairs_spokesperson" title="Liberal Democrat Home Affairs spokesperson">Liberal Democrat Home Affairs spokesperson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FAA61A"><div id="Structure234" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Structure</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%">MPs and Frontbench</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_Liberal_Democrat_MPs_(2024%E2%80%93present)" title="List of United Kingdom Liberal Democrat MPs (2024–present)">Current members of Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_frontbench_team" title="Liberal Democrat frontbench team">Frontbench team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Whip_of_the_Liberal_Democrats" title="Chief Whip of the Liberal Democrats">Chief whip</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%">Frontbench in opposition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frontbench_Team_of_Paddy_Ashdown" title="Frontbench Team of Paddy Ashdown">Frontbench Team of Paddy Ashdown</a> (1997–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontbench_Team_of_Charles_Kennedy" title="Frontbench Team of Charles Kennedy">Frontbench Team of Charles Kennedy</a> (1999–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontbench_Team_of_Menzies_Campbell" title="Frontbench Team of Menzies Campbell">Frontbench Team of Menzies Campbell</a> (2006–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Frontbench_Team_of_Vince_Cable" title="First Frontbench Team of Vince Cable">First Frontbench Team of Vince Cable</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontbench_Team_of_Nick_Clegg" title="Frontbench Team of Nick Clegg">Frontbench Team of Nick Clegg</a> (2007–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontbench_Team_of_Tim_Farron" title="Frontbench Team of Tim Farron">Frontbench Team of Tim Farron</a> (2015–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Frontbench_Team_of_Vince_Cable" title="Second Frontbench Team of Vince Cable">Second Frontbench Team of Vince Cable</a> (2017–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontbench_Team_of_Jo_Swinson" title="Frontbench Team of Jo Swinson">Frontbench Team of Jo Swinson</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontbench_Team_of_Ed_Davey" title="Frontbench Team of Ed Davey">Frontbench Team of Ed Davey</a> (2020-present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%">State parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_Liberal_Democrats" title="English Liberal Democrats">English Liberal Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Liberal_Democrats" title="Scottish Liberal Democrats">Scottish Liberal Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Liberal_Democrats" title="Welsh Liberal Democrats">Welsh Liberal Democrats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%">Regional parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Liberal_Democrats" title="London Liberal Democrats">London Liberal Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Liberal_Democrats" title="Northern Ireland Liberal Democrats">Northern Ireland Liberal Democrats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%">Conference</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_Conference" title="Liberal Democrat Conference">Liberal Democrat Conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%">Committees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Board_(Liberal_Democrats)" title="Federal Board (Liberal Democrats)">Federal Board</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Specified_Associated_Organisation" title="Specified Associated Organisation">SAOs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT%2B_Liberal_Democrats" title="LGBT+ Liberal Democrats">LGBT+ Liberal Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Liberals_(UK)" title="Young Liberals (UK)">Young Liberals</a> (<a href="/wiki/English_Young_Liberals" class="mw-redirect" title="English Young Liberals">English Young Liberals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Young_Liberals" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Young Liberals">Scottish Young Liberals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Young_Liberals" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh Young Liberals">Welsh Young Liberals/Rhyddfrydwr Ifanc Cymru</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FAA61A"><div id="Related_organisations234" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related organisations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Alliance Party of Northern Ireland">Alliance Party of Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beveridge_Group" title="Beveridge Group">Beveridge Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_Christian_Forum" title="Liberal Democrat Christian Forum">Christian Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_Friends_of_Israel" title="Liberal Democrat Friends of Israel">Friends of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_Friends_of_Turkey" title="Liberal Democrat Friends of Turkey">Friends of Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_History_Group" title="Liberal Democrat History Group">History Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Reform" title="Liberal Reform">Liberal Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Liberal_Forum" title="Social Liberal Forum">Social Liberal Forum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FAA61A"><div id="History_and_related_topics234" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">History and related topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_Headquarters_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrat Headquarters (UK)">Liberal Democrat Headquarters (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Liberal_Democrat_MPs" title="List of Liberal Democrat MPs">List of MPs (past and present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Liberal_Party_and_Liberal_Democrats_(UK)_general_election_manifestos" title="List of Liberal Party and Liberal Democrats (UK) general election manifestos">General election manifestos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gang_of_Four_(SDP)" title="Gang of Four (SDP)">Gang of Four</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Limehouse_Declaration" title="Limehouse Declaration">Limehouse Declaration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glee_Club_(UK_politics)" title="Glee Club (UK politics)">Glee Club (UK politics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Land_(song)" title="The Land (song)">The Land (song)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberator_(magazine)" title="Liberator (magazine)">Liberator (magazine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Club" title="National Liberal Club">National Liberal Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whigs_(British_political_party)" title="Whigs (British political party)">Whig Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peelite" title="Peelite">Peelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Liberal_Party" title="Scottish Liberal Party">Scottish Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_Coupon" title="Coalition Coupon">Coalition Coupon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Liberal_Party_(UK,_1918)" title="Independent Liberal Party (UK, 1918)">Independent Liberal Party (Asquith)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(UK,_1922)" title="National Liberal Party (UK, 1922)">National Liberal Party (Lloyd George)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Liberals_(UK,_1931)" title="Independent Liberals (UK, 1931)">Independent Liberals (Lloyd George)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(UK,_1931)" title="National Liberal Party (UK, 1931)">National Liberal Party ("Simonites")</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lib%E2%80%93Lab_pact" title="Lib–Lab pact">Lib–Lab pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaigning_in_the_2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum#Liberal_Leave" title="Campaigning in the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">Liberal Leave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_more_heave" title="One more heave">One more heave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)" title="Social Democratic Party (UK)">Social Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDP%E2%80%93Liberal_Alliance" title="SDP–Liberal Alliance">SDP–Liberal Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southport_Resolution" title="Southport Resolution">Southport Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Orange_Book" title="The Orange Book">The Orange Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative%E2%80%93Liberal_Democrat_coalition_agreement" title="Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition agreement">Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition agreement</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/For_a_Fair_Deal" title="For a Fair Deal">For a Fair Deal</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FAA61A"><div id="Breakaway_parties234" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Breakaway parties</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK,_1989)" title="Liberal Party (UK, 1989)">Liberal Party (UK, 1989)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="2007_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election252" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FAA61A; color:#000000;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2007_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="Template:2007 Liberal Democrats leadership election"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#000000">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2007_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="Template talk:2007 Liberal Democrats leadership election"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#000000">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2007_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2007 Liberal Democrats leadership election"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#000000">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="2007_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election252" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/2007_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="2007 Liberal Democrats leadership election"><span style="color:#000000">2007 Liberal Democrats leadership election</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#FAA61A; color:#000000;"><div>Outgoing Leader: <a href="/wiki/Menzies_Campbell" title="Menzies Campbell">Menzies Campbell</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nick Clegg</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Huhne" title="Chris Huhne">Chris Huhne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#FAA61A; color:#000000;"><div><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_events_in_the_2007_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="Timeline of events in the 2007 Liberal Democrats leadership election">Timeline of events</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Deputy_prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom261" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Deputy_prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Deputy prime ministers of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Deputy_prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Deputy prime ministers of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Deputy_prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Deputy prime ministers of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Deputy_prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom261" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Deputy prime ministers</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Formally titled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Heseltine" title="Michael Heseltine">Michael Heseltine</a> (1995–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Prescott" title="John Prescott">John Prescott</a> (1997–2007)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nick Clegg</a> (2010–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Raab" title="Dominic Raab">Dominic Raab</a> (2021–2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Coffey" title="Thérèse Coffey">Thérèse Coffey</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Raab" title="Dominic Raab">Dominic Raab</a> (2022–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Dowden" title="Oliver Dowden">Oliver Dowden</a> (2023–2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Rayner" title="Angela Rayner">Angela Rayner</a> (2024–present)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(2022,_lesser_arms).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1567" data-file-height="1366" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others fitting definition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a> (1940–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Anthony Eden</a> (1951–1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rab_Butler" title="Rab Butler">Rab Butler</a> (1955–1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Brown,_Baron_George-Brown" title="George Brown, Baron George-Brown">George Brown</a> (1964–1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Maudling" title="Reginald Maudling">Reginald Maudling</a> (1970–1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Whitelaw" title="William Whitelaw">William Whitelaw</a> (1979–1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Howe" title="Geoffrey Howe">Geoffrey Howe</a> (1989–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Osborne" title="George Osborne">George Osborne</a> (2015–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damian_Green" title="Damian Green">Damian Green</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lidington" title="David Lidington">David Lidington</a> (2018–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Raab" title="Dominic Raab">Dominic Raab</a> (2019–2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_David_Cameron_(2010–2016)76" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cabinet_of_David_Cameron" title="Template:Cabinet of David Cameron"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Deputy Prime Minister</a> and <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State (UK)">Secretaries of State</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a><br /><a href="/wiki/First_Lord_of_the_Treasury" title="First Lord of the Treasury">First Lord of the Treasury</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_the_Civil_Service" title="Minister for the Civil Service">Minister for the Civil Service</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a> (2010–2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Deputy Prime Minister</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nick Clegg</a> (2010–2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer<br />Second Lord of the Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Osborne" title="George Osborne">George Osborne</a> (2010–2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Foreign_and_Commonwealth_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs">Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Hague" title="William Hague">William Hague</a> (2010–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Hammond" title="Philip Hammond">Philip Hammond</a> (2014–2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_the_Home_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for the Home Department">Secretary of State for the Home Department</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">Theresa May</a> (2010–2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Justice" title="Secretary of State for Justice">Secretary of State for Justice</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Clarke" title="Kenneth Clarke">Kenneth Clarke</a> (2010–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Grayling" title="Chris Grayling">Chris Grayling</a> (2012–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Gove" title="Michael Gove">Michael Gove</a> (2015–2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Defence" title="Secretary of State for Defence">Secretary of State for Defence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liam_Fox" title="Liam Fox">Liam Fox</a> (2010–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Hammond" title="Philip Hammond">Philip Hammond</a> (2011–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Fallon" title="Michael Fallon">Michael Fallon</a> (2014–2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Business,_Innovation_and_Skills" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills">Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vince_Cable" title="Vince Cable">Vince Cable</a> (2010–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sajid_Javid" title="Sajid Javid">Sajid Javid</a> (2015–2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Work_and_Pensions" title="Secretary of State for Work and Pensions">Secretary of State for Work and Pensions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Duncan_Smith" title="Iain Duncan Smith">Iain Duncan Smith</a> (2010–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Crabb" title="Stephen Crabb">Stephen Crabb</a> (2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Energy_and_Climate_Change" title="Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change">Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Huhne" title="Chris Huhne">Chris Huhne</a> (2010–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Davey" title="Ed Davey">Ed Davey</a> (2012–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amber_Rudd" title="Amber Rudd">Amber Rudd</a> (2015–2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Health">Secretary of State for Health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lansley" title="Andrew Lansley">Andrew Lansley</a> (2010–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Hunt" title="Jeremy Hunt">Jeremy Hunt</a> (2012–2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Education" title="Secretary of State for Education">Secretary of State for Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Gove" title="Michael Gove">Michael Gove</a> (2010–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicky_Morgan" title="Nicky Morgan">Nicky Morgan</a> (2014–2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Communities_and_Local_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government">Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Pickles" title="Eric Pickles">Eric Pickles</a> (2010–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Clark" title="Greg Clark">Greg Clark</a> (2015–2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Transport" title="Secretary of State for Transport">Secretary of State for Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Hammond" title="Philip Hammond">Philip Hammond</a> (2010–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justine_Greening" title="Justine Greening">Justine Greening</a> (2011–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_McLoughlin" title="Patrick McLoughlin">Patrick McLoughlin</a> (2012–2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Environment,_Food_and_Rural_Affairs" title="Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs">Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Spelman" title="Caroline Spelman">Caroline Spelman</a> (2010–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Paterson" title="Owen Paterson">Owen Paterson</a> (2012–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liz_Truss" title="Liz Truss">Liz Truss</a> (2014–2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_International_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for International Development">Secretary of State for International Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Mitchell" title="Andrew Mitchell">Andrew Mitchell</a> (2010–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justine_Greening" title="Justine Greening">Justine Greening</a> (2012–2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Northern_Ireland" title="Secretary of State for Northern Ireland">Secretary of State for Northern Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Paterson" title="Owen Paterson">Owen Paterson</a> (2010–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theresa_Villiers" title="Theresa Villiers">Theresa Villiers</a> (2012–2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Scotland" title="Secretary of State for Scotland">Secretary of State for Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Alexander" title="Danny Alexander">Danny Alexander</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Moore_(Scottish_politician)" title="Michael Moore (Scottish politician)">Michael Moore</a> (2010–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alistair_Carmichael" title="Alistair Carmichael">Alistair Carmichael</a> (2013–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Mundell" title="David Mundell">David Mundell</a> (2015–2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Wales" title="Secretary of State for Wales">Secretary of State for Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Gillan" title="Cheryl Gillan">Cheryl Gillan</a> (2010–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Jones_(Clwyd_West_MP)" title="David Jones (Clwyd West MP)">David Jones</a> (2012–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Crabb" title="Stephen Crabb">Stephen Crabb</a> (2014–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alun_Cairns" title="Alun Cairns">Alun Cairns</a> (2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Culture,_Media_and_Sport" title="Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport">Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Hunt" title="Jeremy Hunt">Jeremy Hunt</a> (2010–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Miller" title="Maria Miller">Maria Miller</a> (2012–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sajid_Javid" title="Sajid Javid">Sajid Javid</a> (2014–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Whittingdale" title="John Whittingdale">John Whittingdale</a> (2015–2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Cabinet_members_not_heading_a_ministry797" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cabinet members not heading a ministry</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_the_Cabinet_Office" title="Minister for the Cabinet Office">Minister for the Cabinet Office</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Paymaster_General" title="Paymaster General">Paymaster General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Maude" title="Francis Maude">Francis Maude</a> (2010–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Hancock" title="Matt Hancock">Matt Hancock</a> (2015–2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Office" title="Cabinet Office">Minister of State for Policy</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Duchy_of_Lancaster" title="Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster">Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Letwin" title="Oliver Letwin">Oliver Letwin</a> (2010–2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_for_Business,_Innovation_and_Skills" title="Department for Business, Innovation and Skills">Minister of State for Universities and Science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Willetts" title="David Willetts">David Willetts</a> (2010–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Clark" title="Greg Clark">Greg Clark</a> (2014–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Johnson" title="Jo Johnson">Jo Johnson</a> (2015–2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Leader of the House of Commons">Leader of the House of Commons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Young,_Baron_Young_of_Cookham" title="George Young, Baron Young of Cookham">George Young</a> (2010–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lansley" title="Andrew Lansley">Andrew Lansley</a> (2012–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hague" title="William Hague">William Hague</a> (2014–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Grayling" title="Chris Grayling">Chris Grayling</a> (2015–2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">Chief Whip in the House of Commons</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Secretary_to_the_Treasury" title="Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury">Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_McLoughlin" title="Patrick McLoughlin">Patrick McLoughlin</a> (2010–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Mitchell" title="Andrew Mitchell">Andrew Mitchell</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Young,_Baron_Young_of_Cookham" title="George Young, Baron Young of Cookham">George Young</a> (2012–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Gove" title="Michael Gove">Michael Gove</a> (2014–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Harper" title="Mark Harper">Mark Harper</a> (2015–2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Lords" title="Leader of the House of Lords">Leader of the House of Lords</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Galbraith,_2nd_Baron_Strathclyde" title="Thomas Galbraith, 2nd Baron Strathclyde">The Lord Strathclyde</a> (2010–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Hill,_Baron_Hill_of_Oareford" title="Jonathan Hill, Baron Hill of Oareford">The Lord Hill of Oareford</a> (2013–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tina_Stowell,_Baroness_Stowell_of_Beeston" title="Tina Stowell, Baroness Stowell of Beeston">The Baroness Stowell of Beeston</a> (2014–2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chief_Secretary_to_the_Treasury" title="Chief Secretary to the Treasury">Chief Secretary to the Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Laws" title="David Laws">David Laws</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Alexander" title="Danny Alexander">Danny Alexander</a> (2010–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Hands" title="Greg Hands">Greg Hands</a> (2015–2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_without_portfolio_(United_Kingdom)" title="Minister without portfolio (United Kingdom)">Minister without Portfolio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sayeeda_Warsi,_Baroness_Warsi" title="Sayeeda Warsi, Baroness Warsi">The Baroness Warsi</a> (2010–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Clarke" title="Kenneth Clarke">Kenneth Clarke</a> (2012–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_Shapps" title="Grant Shapps">Grant Shapps</a> (2012–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Halfon" title="Robert Halfon">Robert Halfon</a> (2015–2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_for_England_and_Wales" title="Attorney General for England and Wales">Attorney General for England and Wales</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Advocate_General_for_Northern_Ireland" title="Advocate General for Northern Ireland">Advocate General for Northern Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Grieve" title="Dominic Grieve">Dominic Grieve</a> (2010–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Wright" title="Jeremy Wright">Jeremy Wright</a> (2014–2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Women_and_Equalities" title="Minister for Women and Equalities">Minister for Women and Equalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">Theresa May</a> (2010–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Miller" title="Maria Miller">Maria Miller</a> (2012–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicky_Morgan" title="Nicky Morgan">Nicky Morgan</a> (2014–2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_for_Work_and_Pensions" title="Department for Work and Pensions">Minister of State for Employment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esther_McVey" title="Esther McVey">Esther McVey</a> (2014–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priti_Patel" title="Priti Patel">Priti Patel</a> (2015–2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lord_Privy_Seal" title="Lord Privy Seal">Lord Privy Seal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Young,_Baron_Young_of_Cookham" title="George Young, Baron Young of Cookham">George Young</a> (2010–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lansley" title="Andrew Lansley">Andrew Lansley</a> (2012–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tina_Stowell,_Baroness_Stowell_of_Beeston" title="Tina Stowell, Baroness Stowell of Beeston">The Baroness Stowell of Beeston</a> (2014–2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cameron–Clegg_Cabinet90" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cameron%E2%80%93Clegg_Cabinet" title="Template:Cameron–Clegg Cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cameron%E2%80%93Clegg_Cabinet" title="Template talk:Cameron–Clegg Cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cameron%E2%80%93Clegg_Cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cameron–Clegg Cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cameron–Clegg_Cabinet90" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cameron%E2%80%93Clegg_coalition" title="Cameron–Clegg coalition">Cameron–Clegg Cabinet</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cabinet members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a></b></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nick Clegg</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Alexander" title="Danny Alexander">Danny Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vince_Cable" title="Vince Cable">Vince Cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alistair_Carmichael" title="Alistair Carmichael">Alistair Carmichael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Clarke" title="Kenneth Clarke">Kenneth Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Crabb" title="Stephen Crabb">Stephen Crabb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Davey" title="Ed Davey">Ed Davey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Duncan_Smith" title="Iain Duncan Smith">Iain Duncan Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Fallon" title="Michael Fallon">Michael Fallon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liam_Fox" title="Liam Fox">Liam Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Gillan" title="Cheryl Gillan">Cheryl Gillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Gove" title="Michael Gove">Michael Gove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Grayling" title="Chris Grayling">Chris Grayling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justine_Greening" title="Justine Greening">Justine Greening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hague" title="William Hague">William Hague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Hammond" title="Philip Hammond">Philip Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Hill,_Baron_Hill_of_Oareford" title="Jonathan Hill, Baron Hill of Oareford">Lord Hill of Oareford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Huhne" title="Chris Huhne">Chris Huhne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Hunt" title="Jeremy Hunt">Jeremy Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Jones_(Clwyd_West_MP)" title="David Jones (Clwyd West MP)">David Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lansley" title="Andrew Lansley">Andrew Lansley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Laws" title="David Laws">David Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sajid_Javid" title="Sajid Javid">Sajid Javid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_McLoughlin" title="Patrick McLoughlin">Patrick McLoughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">Theresa May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Miller" title="Maria Miller">Maria Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Mitchell" title="Andrew Mitchell">Andrew Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Moore_(Scottish_politician)" title="Michael Moore (Scottish politician)">Michael Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicky_Morgan" title="Nicky Morgan">Nicky Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Osborne" title="George Osborne">George Osborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Paterson" title="Owen Paterson">Owen Paterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Pickles" title="Eric Pickles">Eric Pickles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_Shapps" title="Grant Shapps">Grant Shapps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Spelman" title="Caroline Spelman">Caroline Spelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tina_Stowell,_Baroness_Stowell_of_Beeston" title="Tina Stowell, Baroness Stowell of Beeston">Baroness Stowell of Beeston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Galbraith,_2nd_Baron_Strathclyde" title="Thomas Galbraith, 2nd Baron Strathclyde">Lord Strathclyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liz_Truss" title="Liz Truss">Liz Truss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theresa_Villiers" title="Theresa Villiers">Theresa Villiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayeeda_Warsi,_Baroness_Warsi" title="Sayeeda Warsi, Baroness Warsi">Baroness Warsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Young,_Baron_Young_of_Cookham" title="George Young, Baron Young of Cookham">George Young</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(HM_Government)_(St_Edwards_Crown).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Government Coat of Arms." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/100px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/150px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/200px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1530" data-file-height="1256" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Also attended meetings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Clark" title="Greg Clark">Greg Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Grieve" title="Dominic Grieve">Dominic Grieve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Hancock" title="Matt Hancock">Matt Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Letwin" title="Oliver Letwin">Oliver Letwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_McVey" title="Esther McVey">Esther McVey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Maude" title="Francis Maude">Francis Maude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Willetts" title="David Willetts">David Willetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Wright" title="Jeremy Wright">Jeremy Wright</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="2010_United_Kingdom_general_election1479" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="Template:2010 United Kingdom general election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="Template talk:2010 United Kingdom general election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2010 United Kingdom general election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="2010_United_Kingdom_general_election1479" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2010 United Kingdom general election">2010 United Kingdom general election</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Periodic_Review_of_Westminster_constituencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifth Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies">Boundary changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Parliament_constituencies" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Parliament constituencies">Constituencies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marginal_constituencies_in_the_2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="Marginal constituencies in the 2010 United Kingdom general election">marginal seats</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election_debates" title="2010 United Kingdom general election debates">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endorsements_in_the_2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="Endorsements in the 2010 United Kingdom general election">Endorsements</a></li> <li>MPs <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_elected_in_the_2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="List of MPs elected in the 2010 United Kingdom general election">elected</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_MPs_by_seniority_(2010%E2%80%932015)" title="List of United Kingdom MPs by seniority (2010–2015)">seniority</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_who_lost_their_seat_in_the_2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="List of MPs who lost their seat in the 2010 United Kingdom general election">lost their seat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_who_stood_down_at_the_2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="List of MPs who stood down at the 2010 United Kingdom general election">stood down</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="Opinion polling for the 2010 United Kingdom general election">Opinion polling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parties_contesting_the_2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="List of parties contesting the 2010 United Kingdom general election">Parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_government_formation" title="2010 United Kingdom government formation">Post-election events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_breakdown_of_the_2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="Results breakdown of the 2010 United Kingdom general election">Results breakdown</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="Results of the 2010 United Kingdom general election">by constituency</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: #ddddff;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Incumbent <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">prime minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a>)</li> <li>Appointed prime minister: <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a> (<a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parties elected to<br /> the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> (<a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nick Clegg</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Democratic Unionist Party">Democratic Unionist Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/Peter_Robinson_(Northern_Ireland_politician)" title="Peter Robinson (Northern Ireland politician)">Peter Robinson</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Party" title="Scottish National Party">Scottish National Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alex_Salmond" title="Alex Salmond">Alex Salmond</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gerry_Adams" title="Gerry Adams">Gerry Adams</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaid_Cymru" title="Plaid Cymru">Plaid Cymru</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ieuan_Wyn_Jones" title="Ieuan Wyn Jones">Ieuan Wyn Jones</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_and_Labour_Party" title="Social Democratic and Labour Party">Social Democratic and Labour Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/Margaret_Ritchie,_Baroness_Ritchie_of_Downpatrick" title="Margaret Ritchie, Baroness Ritchie of Downpatrick">Margaret Ritchie</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_England_and_Wales" title="Green Party of England and Wales">Green Party of England and Wales</a> (<a href="/wiki/Caroline_Lucas" title="Caroline Lucas">Caroline Lucas</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Alliance Party of Northern Ireland">Alliance Party of Northern Ireland</a> (<a href="/wiki/David_Ford_(politician)" title="David Ford (politician)">David Ford</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Hermon" title="Sylvia Hermon">Sylvia Hermon</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parties represented in <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament" title="Scottish Parliament">Scotland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Senedd" title="Senedd">Wales</a>, <br /><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Assembly" title="Northern Ireland Assembly">Northern Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/London_Assembly" title="London Assembly">London</a>, or <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">the EU</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_National_Party" title="British National Party">British National Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nick_Griffin" title="Nick Griffin">Nick Griffin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_Northern_Ireland" title="Green Party Northern Ireland">Green Party Northern Ireland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mark_Bailey_(British_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark Bailey (British politician)">Mark Bailey</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karly_Greene" class="mw-redirect" title="Karly Greene">Karly Greene</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Unionist_Party" title="Progressive Unionist Party">Progressive Unionist Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dawn_Purvis" title="Dawn Purvis">Dawn Purvis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Greens" title="Scottish Greens">Scottish Greens</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Scott" title="Eleanor Scott">Eleanor Scott</a> / <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Harvie" title="Patrick Harvie">Patrick Harvie</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Unionist Party">Ulster Unionist Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/Reg_Empey" title="Reg Empey">Sir Reg Empey</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Independence_Party" title="UK Independence Party">United Kingdom Independence Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Pearson,_Baron_Pearson_of_Rannoch" title="Malcolm Pearson, Baron Pearson of Rannoch">Lord Pearson</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Results by area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="2010 United Kingdom general election in England">England</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_for_constituencies_in_England_(2010%E2%80%932015)" title="List of MPs for constituencies in England (2010–2015)">list</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_for_constituencies_in_the_East_Midlands_region_2010%E2%80%932015" title="List of MPs for constituencies in the East Midlands region 2010–2015">East Midlands region</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Northern_Ireland" title="2010 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_for_constituencies_in_Northern_Ireland_(2010%E2%80%932015)" title="List of MPs for constituencies in Northern Ireland (2010–2015)">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Scotland" title="2010 United Kingdom general election in Scotland">Scotland</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_for_constituencies_in_Scotland_(2010%E2%80%932015)" title="List of MPs for constituencies in Scotland (2010–2015)">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales" title="2010 United Kingdom general election in Wales">Wales</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_for_constituencies_in_Wales_(2010%E2%80%932015)" title="List of MPs for constituencies in Wales (2010–2015)">list</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Battle_for_Barking" title="The Battle for Barking">The Battle for Barking</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coalition_(film)" title="Coalition (film)">Coalition</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ToryBoy_The_Movie" title="ToryBoy The Movie">ToryBoy The Movie</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_2010" title="Power 2010">Power 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameron_Cutie" title="Cameron Cutie">Cameron Cutie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holby_City_woman" title="Holby City woman">Holby City woman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2010 United Kingdom local elections">2010 United Kingdom local elections</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Meta_Platforms99" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Meta_Platforms" title="Template:Meta Platforms"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Meta_Platforms" title="Template talk:Meta Platforms"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Meta_Platforms" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Meta Platforms"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Meta_Platforms99" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Meta_Platforms" title="Meta Platforms">Meta Platforms</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products<br />and services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Facebook_features" title="List of Facebook features">Features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Beacon" title="Facebook Beacon">Beacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Bluetooth_Beacon" title="Facebook Bluetooth Beacon">Bluetooth Beacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Credits" title="Facebook Credits">Credits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Dating" title="Facebook Dating">Dating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EdgeRank" title="EdgeRank">EdgeRank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feed_(Facebook)" title="Feed (Facebook)">Feed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Facebook_features#Facebook_Gaming" title="List of Facebook features">Gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Graph_Search" title="Facebook Graph Search">Graph Search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Instant_Articles" title="Facebook Instant Articles">Instant Articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_like_button" title="Facebook like button">Like button</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Facebook_features#Live_streaming" title="List of Facebook features">Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lookalike_audience" title="Lookalike audience">Lookalike audience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_onion_address" title="Facebook onion address">Onion address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Platform" title="Facebook Platform">Platform</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Platform#Facebook_Connect" title="Facebook Platform">Connect</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Safety_Check" title="Facebook Safety Check">Safety Check</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Stories" title="Facebook Stories">Stories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Watch" title="Facebook Watch">Watch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Facebook_Watch_original_programming" title="List of Facebook Watch original programming">list of original programs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Zero" title="Facebook Zero">Zero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Instagram" title="Instagram">Instagram</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hyperlapse_(application)" title="Hyperlapse (application)">Hyperlapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IGTV" title="IGTV">IGTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-followed_Instagram_accounts" title="List of most-followed Instagram accounts">List of most-followed accounts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-liked_Instagram_posts" title="List of most-liked Instagram posts">List of most-liked pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threads_(social_network)" title="Threads (social network)">Threads</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hardware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Portal" title="Meta Portal">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Quest" title="Meta Quest">Meta Quest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Quest" title="Oculus Quest">Quest 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quest_2" title="Quest 2">Quest 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Quest_3" title="Meta Quest 3">Quest 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Quest_Pro" title="Meta Quest Pro">Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Touch" title="Oculus Touch">Touch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray-Ban_Stories" class="mw-redirect" title="Ray-Ban Stories">Ray-Ban Stories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Express_Wi-Fi" title="Express Wi-Fi">Express Wi-Fi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet.org" title="Internet.org">Free Basics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messenger_(software)" title="Messenger (software)">Messenger</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Messenger_Kids" title="Messenger Kids">Kids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messenger_(software)#Messenger_Rooms" title="Messenger (software)">Rooms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapillary" title="Mapillary">Mapillary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_AI" title="Meta AI">Meta AI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Horizon_OS" title="Meta Horizon OS">Meta Horizon OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Within_(company)" title="Within (company)">Supernatural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WhatsApp" title="WhatsApp">WhatsApp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_(software)" title="Workplace (software)">Workplace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Solutions" title="Atlas Solutions">Atlas Solutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FriendFeed" title="FriendFeed">FriendFeed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giphy" title="Giphy">Giphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Home" title="Facebook Home">Home</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTC_First" title="HTC First">HTC First</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M_(virtual_assistant)" title="M (virtual assistant)">M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Go" title="Oculus Go">Oculus Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Rift" title="Oculus Rift">Oculus Rift</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Rift_CV1" title="Oculus Rift CV1">CV1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Rift_S" title="Oculus Rift S">S</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onavo" title="Onavo">Onavo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Paper" title="Facebook Paper">Paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Slingshot" title="Facebook Slingshot">Slingshot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tbh_(app)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tbh (app)">tbh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wirehog" title="Wirehog">Wirehog</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Mark Zuckerberg</a> (28% equity)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Moskovitz" title="Dustin Moskovitz">Dustin Moskovitz</a> (7%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Saverin" title="Eduardo Saverin">Eduardo Saverin</a> (<i>5%, formerly</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hughes" title="Chris Hughes">Chris Hughes</a> (<i>1%, formerly</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_McCollum" title="Andrew McCollum">Andrew McCollum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Board</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Mark Zuckerberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Andreessen" title="Marc Andreessen">Marc Andreessen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Arnold" title="John D. Arnold">John D. Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Elkann" title="John Elkann">John Elkann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drew_Houston" title="Drew Houston">Drew Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Killefer" title="Nancy Killefer">Nancy Killefer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._Kimmitt" title="Robert M. Kimmitt">Robert M. Kimmitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hock_Tan" title="Hock Tan">Hock Tan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dana_White" title="Dana White">Dana White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Xu" title="Tony Xu">Tony Xu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sheryl_Sandberg" title="Sheryl Sandberg">Sheryl Sandberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Thiel" title="Peter Thiel">Peter Thiel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Executive<br />officers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Mark Zuckerberg</a> (Chairman and CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javier_Olivan" title="Javier Olivan">Javier Olivan</a> (COO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Bosworth" title="Andrew Bosworth">Andrew Bosworth</a> (CTO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Cox_(manager)" title="Chris Cox (manager)">Chris Cox</a> (CPO)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nick Clegg</a> (President of Global Affairs)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Gillian_Newstead" title="Jennifer Gillian Newstead">Jennifer Newstead</a> (Chief Legal Officer)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Parker" title="Sean Parker">Sean Parker</a> (<i>4%, formerly</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Van_Natta" title="Owen Van Natta">Owen Van Natta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Yu" title="Gideon Yu">Gideon Yu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_D%27Angelo" title="Adam D'Angelo">Adam D'Angelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Kelly_(entrepreneur)" title="Chris Kelly (entrepreneur)">Chris Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bret_Taylor" title="Bret Taylor">Bret Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheryl_Sandberg" title="Sheryl Sandberg">Sheryl Sandberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Schroepfer" title="Mike Schroepfer">Mike Schroepfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Wehner" title="David Wehner">David Wehner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ebersman" title="David Ebersman">David Ebersman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marne_Levine" title="Marne Levine">Marne Levine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Stamos" title="Alex Stamos">Alex Stamos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oversight_Board_(Meta)" title="Oversight Board (Meta)">Oversight<br />Board</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalina_Botero_Marino" title="Catalina Botero Marino">Catalina Botero Marino</a>, Co-Chair (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_Greene" title="Jamal Greene">Jamal Greene</a>, Co-Chair (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_W._McConnell" title="Michael W. McConnell">Michael W. McConnell</a>, Co-Chair (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helle_Thorning-Schmidt" title="Helle Thorning-Schmidt">Helle Thorning-Schmidt</a>, Co-Chair (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afia_Asantewaa_Asare-Kyei" title="Afia Asantewaa Asare-Kyei">Afia Asantewaa Asare-Kyei</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Aswad" title="Evelyn Aswad">Evelyn Aswad</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endy_Bayuni" title="Endy Bayuni">Endy Bayuni</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Chen" title="Katherine Chen">Katherine Chen</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nighat_Dad" title="Nighat Dad">Nighat Dad</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawakkol_Karman" title="Tawakkol Karman">Tawakkol Karman</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maina_Kiai" title="Maina Kiai">Maina Kiai</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudhir_Krishnaswamy" title="Sudhir Krishnaswamy">Sudhir Krishnaswamy</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronaldo_Lemos" title="Ronaldo Lemos">Ronaldo Lemos</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Owono" title="Julie Owono">Julie Owono</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emi_Palmor" title="Emi Palmor">Emi Palmor</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Rusbridger" title="Alan Rusbridger">Alan Rusbridger</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A1s_Saj%C3%B3" title="András Sajó">András Sajó</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Samples" title="John Samples">John Samples</a> (2020–)</li> <li>Nicolas Suzor (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Nossel" title="Suzanne Nossel">Suzanne Nossel</a> (2021–)</li> <li>Khaled Mansour (2022–)</li> <li>Pamela San Martin (2022–)</li> <li>Paolo Carozza (2022–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenji_Yoshino" title="Kenji Yoshino">Kenji Yoshino</a> (2023–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Board of<br />Trustees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Neal_(lawyer)" title="Stephen Neal (lawyer)">Stephen Neal</a>, Chair (2021–)</li> <li>Kristina Arriaga (2020–)</li> <li>Cherine Chalaby (2020–)</li> <li>Wanda Felton (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_O%27Regan" title="Kate O'Regan">Kate O'Regan</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Post_(law_professor)" title="Robert Post (law professor)">Robert Post</a> (2020–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former<br />members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pamela_S._Karlan" title="Pamela S. Karlan">Pamela S. Karlan</a> (Board Member, 2020–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_G._Haaga_Jr." title="Paul G. Haaga Jr.">Paul G. Haaga Jr.</a> (Board of Trustees Chair, 2020–2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable<br />employees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Rasmussen_(software_developer)" title="Lars Rasmussen (software developer)">Lars Rasmussen</a> (Graph Search director)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naomi_Gleit" title="Naomi Gleit">Naomi Gleit</a> (VP of social good)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicola_Mendelsohn" title="Nicola Mendelsohn">Nicola Mendelsohn</a> (head of Global Business Group)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Mosseri" title="Adam Mosseri">Adam Mosseri</a> (head of Instagram)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Reardon" title="Thomas Reardon">Thomas Reardon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Reality_Labs" title="Reality Labs">Reality Labs</a> director)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blake_Ross" title="Blake Ross">Blake Ross</a> (Director of Product)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Ullyot" title="Ted Ullyot">Ted Ullyot</a> (VP, General Counsel, and Secretary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Barra" title="Hugo Barra">Hugo Barra</a> (VP of <a href="/wiki/Reality_Labs" title="Reality Labs">Reality Labs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carmack" title="John Carmack">John Carmack</a> (CTO of <a href="/wiki/Reality_Labs" title="Reality Labs">Reality Labs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Cohler" title="Matt Cohler">Matt Cohler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Cheever" title="Charlie Cheever">Charlie Cheever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randi_Zuckerberg" title="Randi Zuckerberg">Randi Zuckerberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yishan_Wong" title="Yishan Wong">Yishan Wong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hotz" title="George Hotz">George Hotz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Lockhart" title="Joe Lockhart">Joe Lockhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Alexandrescu" title="Andrei Alexandrescu">Andrei Alexandrescu</a> (research scientist)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamath_Palihapitiya" title="Chamath Palihapitiya">Chamath Palihapitiya</a> (VP of User Growth)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Schrage" title="Elliot Schrage">Elliot Schrage</a> (VP of Global Communications, Marketing and Public Policy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Haugen" title="Frances Haugen">Frances Haugen</a> (Product Manager of Civic Integrity Team)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Open source</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Cassandra" title="Apache Cassandra">Apache Cassandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Hive" title="Apache Hive">Apache Hive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Thrift" title="Apache Thrift">Apache Thrift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buck_(software)" title="Buck (software)">Buck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Query_Language" title="Facebook Query Language">FQL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hack_(programming_language)" title="Hack (programming language)">Hack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HHVM" title="HHVM">HHVM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HipHop_for_PHP" title="HipHop for PHP">HipHop for PHP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infer_Static_Analyzer" title="Infer Static Analyzer">Infer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MyRocks" title="MyRocks">MyRocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Compute_Project" title="Open Compute Project">Open Compute Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phabricator" title="Phabricator">Phabricator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/React_(software)" title="React (software)">React</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/React_Native" title="React Native">React Native</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RocksDB" title="RocksDB">RocksDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scribe_(log_server)" title="Scribe (log server)">Scribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecom_Infra_Project" title="Telecom Infra Project">Telecom Infra Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_(web_server)" title="Tornado (web server)">Tornado</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mass media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Facebook_Effect" title="The Facebook Effect">The Facebook Effect</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Accidental_Billionaires" title="The Accidental Billionaires">The Accidental Billionaires</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Social_Network" title="The Social Network">The Social Network</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Activity_stream" title="Activity stream">Activity stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_graph" title="Social graph">Social graph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friending_and_following" title="Friending and following">Friending and following</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reblogging" title="Reblogging">Reblogging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan-gating" title="Fan-gating">Fan-gating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_diplomacy#Facebook_diplomacy" title="Digital diplomacy">Facebook diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_like_button" title="Facebook like button">Facebook like button</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Business</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Facebook" title="History of Facebook">History of Facebook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Instagram" title="Timeline of Instagram">Timeline of Instagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_WhatsApp" title="Timeline of WhatsApp">Timeline of WhatsApp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Meta_Platforms" title="List of mergers and acquisitions by Meta Platforms">Acquisitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_F8" title="Facebook F8">f8 conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering_of_Facebook" title="Initial public offering of Facebook">IPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_Facebook" title="Censorship of Facebook">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Facebook" title="Criticism of Facebook">Criticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Facebook%E2%80%93Cambridge_Analytica_data_scandal" title="Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal">Cambridge Analytica data scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Facebook_ad_boycotts" title="2020 Facebook ad boycotts">2020 ad boycotts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Facebook_leak" title="2021 Facebook leak">2021 company files leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privacy_concerns_with_Facebook" title="Privacy concerns with Facebook">Privacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_content_management_controversies" title="Facebook content management controversies">Content management</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawsuits_involving_Meta_Platforms" title="Lawsuits involving Meta Platforms">Litigation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Young_v._Facebook,_Inc." title="Young v. Facebook, Inc.">Young v. Facebook, Inc.</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fraley_v._Facebook,_Inc." title="Fraley v. Facebook, Inc.">Fraley v. Facebook, Inc.</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Force_v._Facebook,_Inc." title="Force v. Facebook, Inc.">Force v. Facebook, Inc.</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Facebook,_Inc._v._Duguid" title="Facebook, Inc. v. Duguid">Facebook, Inc. v. Duguid</a></i> (2021)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission_v._Meta_Platforms,_Inc." title="Federal Trade Commission v. Meta Platforms, Inc.">Federal Trade Commission v. Meta Platforms, Inc.</a></i> (ongoing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_and_unions" title="Meta and unions">unionization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-followed_Facebook_pages" title="List of most-followed Facebook pages">Most-followed Facebook pages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_Chan" title="Priscilla Chan">Priscilla Chan</a> (wife of Mark Zuckerberg)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chan_Zuckerberg_Initiative" title="Chan Zuckerberg Initiative">Chan Zuckerberg Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Aquila" title="Facebook Aquila">Aquila Internet relay drone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willow_Village" title="Willow Village">Willow Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WaveGroup_Sound" title="WaveGroup Sound">WaveGroup Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Facebook_outage" title="2021 Facebook outage">2021 Facebook outage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189947#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2040" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" 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