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class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.19996">arXiv:2409.19996</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2409.19996">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2409.19996">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Systems and Control">eess.SY</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Analysis and Modeling of the Hybrid Vessel's Electrical Power System </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Mosselaar%2C+M">Matthijs Mosselaar</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Malba%C5%A1i%C4%87%2C+Z">Zoran Malba拧i膰</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Fu%2C+A">Aihui Fu</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Leki%C4%87%2C+A">Aleksandra Leki膰</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2409.19996v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> With the maritime industry poised on the cusp of a hybrid revolution, the design and analysis of advanced vessel systems have become paramount for engineers. This paper presents AC and DC electrical hybrid power system models in ETAP, the simulation software that can be adapted to engineer future hybrid vessels. These models are also a step towards a digital twin model that can help in troubleshoo… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2409.19996v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2409.19996v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2409.19996v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> With the maritime industry poised on the cusp of a hybrid revolution, the design and analysis of advanced vessel systems have become paramount for engineers. This paper presents AC and DC electrical hybrid power system models in ETAP, the simulation software that can be adapted to engineer future hybrid vessels. These models are also a step towards a digital twin model that can help in troubleshooting and preventing issues, reducing risk and engineering time. The testing of the models is focused on time domain analysis, short-circuit currents, and protection \& coordination. The models are based on actual vessels and manufacturer parameters are used where available. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2409.19996v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2409.19996v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 30 September, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> September 2024. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> PESGM 2024 </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.19995">arXiv:2409.19995</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2409.19995">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2409.19995">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Systems and Control">eess.SY</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> A Screening Method for Power System Inertia Zones Identification </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Prasad%2C+%7B">{Rashmi Prasad</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Vergara%2C+P+P">Pedro P. Vergara</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Padhy%2C+N+P">Narayana Prasad Padhy</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Dimitrovski%2C+R">Robert Dimitrovski</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Leki%C4%87%2C+A">Aleksandra Leki膰</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2409.19995v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The heterogeneous distribution of frequency support from dispersed renewable generation sources results in varying inertia within the system. The effects of disturbances exhibit non-uniform variations contingent upon the disturbance's location and the affected region's topology and inertia. A screening method for inertia-zone identification is proposed considering the combination of network struct… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2409.19995v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2409.19995v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2409.19995v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The heterogeneous distribution of frequency support from dispersed renewable generation sources results in varying inertia within the system. The effects of disturbances exhibit non-uniform variations contingent upon the disturbance's location and the affected region's topology and inertia. A screening method for inertia-zone identification is proposed considering the combination of network structure and generator inertia distribution that will aid in comprehending the response of nodes to disturbances. The nodes' dynamic nodal weight (DNW) is defined using maximal entropy random walk that defines each node's spreading power dynamics. Further, a modified weighted kmeans++ clustering technique is proposed using DNW to obtain the equivalent spatial points of each zone and the system to parameterize the inertia status of each zone. The impact of the proposed scheme is justified by simulating a modified IEEE 39 bus system with doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) integration in the real-time digital simulator. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2409.19995v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2409.19995v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 30 September, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> September 2024. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> PESGM 2024 </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.16750">arXiv:2409.16750</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2409.16750">pdf</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optimization and Control">math.OC</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Systems and Control">eess.SY</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Distributed Robust Optimization Method for AC/MTDC Hybrid Power Systems with DC Network Cognizance </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Li%2C+H">Haixiao Li</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Leki%C4%87%2C+A">Aleksandra Leki膰</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2409.16750v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> AC/multi-terminal DC (MTDC) hybrid power systems have emerged as a solution for the large-scale and longdistance accommodation of power produced by renewable energy systems (RESs). To ensure the optimal operation of such hybrid power systems, this paper addresses three key issues: system operational flexibility, centralized communication limitations, and RES uncertainties. Accordingly, a specific… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2409.16750v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2409.16750v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2409.16750v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> AC/multi-terminal DC (MTDC) hybrid power systems have emerged as a solution for the large-scale and longdistance accommodation of power produced by renewable energy systems (RESs). To ensure the optimal operation of such hybrid power systems, this paper addresses three key issues: system operational flexibility, centralized communication limitations, and RES uncertainties. Accordingly, a specific AC/DC optimal power flow (OPF) model and a distributed robust optimization method are proposed. Firstly, we apply a set of linear approximation and convex relaxation techniques to formulate the mixed-integer convex AC/DC OPF model. This model incorporates the DC network-cognizant constraint and enables DC topology reconfiguration. Next, generalized Benders decomposition (GBD) is employed to provide distributed optimization. Enhanced approaches are incorporated into GBD to achieve parallel computation and asynchronous updating. Additionally, the extreme scenario method (ESM) is embedded into the AC/DC OPF model to provide robust decisions to hedge against RES uncertainties. ESM is further extended to align the GBD procedure. Numerical results are finally presented to validate the effectiveness of our proposed method. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2409.16750v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2409.16750v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 25 September, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> September 2024. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> SEST 2024 Proceedings </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.16746">arXiv:2409.16746</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2409.16746">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2409.16746">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Systems and Control">eess.SY</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Adaptive Single-Terminal Fault Location for DC Microgrids </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Nougain%2C+V">Vaibhav Nougain</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Mishra%2C+S">Sukumar Mishra</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Rodriguez-Bernuz%2C+J">Joan-Marc Rodriguez-Bernuz</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Junyent-Ferre%2C+A">Adria Junyent-Ferre</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Shekhar%2C+A">Aditya Shekhar</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Lekic%2C+A">Aleksandra Lekic</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2409.16746v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Identifying faulty lines and their accurate location is key for rapidly restoring distribution systems. This will become a greater challenge as the penetration of power electronics increases, and contingencies are seen across larger areas. This paper proposes a single terminal methodology (i.e., no communication involved) that is robust to variations of key parameters (e.g., sampling frequency, sy… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2409.16746v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2409.16746v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2409.16746v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Identifying faulty lines and their accurate location is key for rapidly restoring distribution systems. This will become a greater challenge as the penetration of power electronics increases, and contingencies are seen across larger areas. This paper proposes a single terminal methodology (i.e., no communication involved) that is robust to variations of key parameters (e.g., sampling frequency, system parameters, etc.) and performs particularly well for low resistance faults that constitute the majority of faults in low voltage DC systems. The proposed method uses local measurements to estimate the current caused by the other terminals affected by the contingency. This mimics the strategy followed by double terminal methods that require communications and decouples the accuracy of the methodology from the fault resistance. The algorithm takes consecutive voltage and current samples, including the estimated current of the other terminal, into the analysis. This mathematical methodology results in a better accuracy than other single-terminal approaches found in the literature. The robustness of the proposed strategy against different fault resistances and locations is demonstrated using MATLAB simulations. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2409.16746v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2409.16746v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 25 September, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> September 2024. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">SEST 2024</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> SEST 2024 Proceedings </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.16743">arXiv:2409.16743</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2409.16743">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2409.16743">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Systems and Control">eess.SY</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Event-Triggered Non-Linear Control of Offshore MMC Grids for Asymmetrical AC Faults </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Cherat%2C+N">Naajein Cherat</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Nougain%2C+V">Vaibhav Nougain</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Majstorovi%C4%87%2C+M">Milovan Majstorovi膰</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Palensky%2C+P">Peter Palensky</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Leki%C4%87%2C+A">Aleksandra Leki膰</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2409.16743v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Fault ride-through capability studies of MMC-HVDC connected wind power plants have focused primarily on the DC link and onshore AC grid faults. Offshore AC faults, mainly asymmetrical faults have not gained much attention in the literature despite being included in the future development at national levels in the ENTSO-E HVDC code. The proposed work gives an event-triggered control to stabilize th… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2409.16743v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2409.16743v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2409.16743v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Fault ride-through capability studies of MMC-HVDC connected wind power plants have focused primarily on the DC link and onshore AC grid faults. Offshore AC faults, mainly asymmetrical faults have not gained much attention in the literature despite being included in the future development at national levels in the ENTSO-E HVDC code. The proposed work gives an event-triggered control to stabilize the system once the offshore AC fault has occurred, identified, and isolated. Different types of control actions such as proportional-integral (PI) controller and super-twisted sliding mode control (STSMC) are used to smoothly transition the post-fault system to a new steady state operating point by suppressing the negative sequence control. Initially, the effect of a negative sequence current control scheme on the transient behavior of the power system with a PI controller is discussed in this paper. Further, a non-linear control strategy (STSMC) is proposed which gives quicker convergence of the system post-fault in comparison to PI control action. These post-fault control operations are only triggered in the presence of a fault in the system, i.e., they are event-triggered. The validity of the proposed strategy is demonstrated by simulation on a $\pm$525 kV, three-terminal meshed MMC-HVDC system model in Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS). <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2409.16743v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2409.16743v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 25 September, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> September 2024. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> ISGT 2024 </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.14251">arXiv:2406.14251</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2406.14251">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2406.14251">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Systems and Control">eess.SY</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Enhanced Optimal Power Flow Based Droop Control in MMC-MTDC Systems </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Du%2C+H">Hongjin Du</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Prasad%2C+R">Rashmi Prasad</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Lekic%2C+A">Aleksandra Lekic</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Vergara%2C+P+P">Pedro P. Vergara</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Palensky%2C+P">Peter Palensky</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2406.14251v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Optimizing operational set points for modular multilevel converters (MMCs) in Multi-Terminal Direct Current (MTDC) transmission systems is crucial for ensuring efficient power distribution and control. This paper presents an enhanced Optimal Power Flow (OPF) model for MMC-MTDC systems, integrating a novel adaptive voltage droop control strategy. The strategy aims to minimize generation costs and D… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2406.14251v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2406.14251v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2406.14251v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Optimizing operational set points for modular multilevel converters (MMCs) in Multi-Terminal Direct Current (MTDC) transmission systems is crucial for ensuring efficient power distribution and control. This paper presents an enhanced Optimal Power Flow (OPF) model for MMC-MTDC systems, integrating a novel adaptive voltage droop control strategy. The strategy aims to minimize generation costs and DC voltage deviations while ensuring the stable operation of the MTDC grid by dynamically adjusting the system operation points. The modified Nordic 32 test system with an embedded 4-terminal DC grid is modeled in Julia and the proposed control strategy is applied to the power model. The results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed droop control strategy, affirming its potential value in enhancing the performance and reliability of hybrid AC-DC power systems. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2406.14251v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2406.14251v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 20 June, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> June 2024. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.06225">arXiv:2302.06225</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2302.06225">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2302.06225">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena">astro-ph.HE</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acc8d0">10.3847/2041-8213/acc8d0 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> GRANDMA and HXMT Observations of GRB 221009A -- the Standard-Luminosity Afterglow of a Hyper-Luminous Gamma-Ray Burst </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Kann%2C+D+A">D. A. Kann</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Agayeva%2C+S">S. Agayeva</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Aivazyan%2C+V">V. Aivazyan</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Alishov%2C+S">S. Alishov</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Andrade%2C+C+M">C. M. Andrade</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Antier%2C+S">S. Antier</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Baransky%2C+A">A. Baransky</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Bendjoya%2C+P">P. Bendjoya</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Benkhaldoun%2C+Z">Z. Benkhaldoun</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Beradze%2C+S">S. Beradze</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Berezin%2C+D">D. Berezin</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Bo%C3%ABr%2C+M">M. Bo毛r</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Broens%2C+E">E. Broens</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Brunier%2C+S">S. Brunier</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Bulla%2C+M">M. Bulla</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Burkhonov%2C+O">O. Burkhonov</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Burns%2C+E">E. Burns</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Chen%2C+Y">Y. Chen</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Chen%2C+Y+P">Y. P. Chen</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Conti%2C+M">M. Conti</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Coughlin%2C+M+W">M. W. Coughlin</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Cui%2C+W+W">W. W. Cui</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Daigne%2C+F">F. Daigne</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Delaveau%2C+B">B. Delaveau</a>, <a href="/search/?searchtype=author&query=Devillepoix%2C+H+A+R">H. A. R. Devillepoix</a> , et al. (91 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2302.06225v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> GRB 221009A is the brightest Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) detected in more than 50 years of study. In this paper, we present observations in the X-ray and optical domains after the GRB obtained by the GRANDMA Collaboration (which includes observations from more than 30 professional and amateur telescopes) and the Insight-HXMT Collaboration. We study the optical afterglow with empirical fitting from GRAND… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2302.06225v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2302.06225v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2302.06225v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> GRB 221009A is the brightest Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) detected in more than 50 years of study. In this paper, we present observations in the X-ray and optical domains after the GRB obtained by the GRANDMA Collaboration (which includes observations from more than 30 professional and amateur telescopes) and the Insight-HXMT Collaboration. We study the optical afterglow with empirical fitting from GRANDMA+HXMT data, augmented with data from the literature up to 60 days. We then model numerically, using a Bayesian approach, the GRANDMA and HXMT-LE afterglow observations, that we augment with Swift-XRT and additional optical/NIR observations reported in the literature. We find that the GRB afterglow, extinguished by a large dust column, is most likely behind a combination of a large Milky-Way dust column combined with moderate low-metallicity dust in the host galaxy. Using the GRANDMA+HXMT-LE+XRT dataset, we find that the simplest model, where the observed afterglow is produced by synchrotron radiation at the forward external shock during the deceleration of a top-hat relativistic jet by a uniform medium, fits the multi-wavelength observations only moderately well, with a tension between the observed temporal and spectral evolution. This tension is confirmed when using the extended dataset. We find that the consideration of a jet structure (Gaussian or power-law), the inclusion of synchrotron self-Compton emission, or the presence of an underlying supernova do not improve the predictions, showing that the modelling of GRB22109A will require going beyond the most standard GRB afterglow model. Placed in the global context of GRB optical afterglows, we find the afterglow of GRB 221009A is luminous but not extraordinarily so, highlighting that some aspects of this GRB do not deviate from the global known sample despite its extreme energetics and the peculiar afterglow evolution. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2302.06225v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2302.06225v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 27 March, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 13 February, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> February 2023. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">Accepted to ApJL for the special issue, 37 pages, 23 pages main text, 6 tables, 13 figures</span> </p> </li> </ol> <div class="is-hidden-tablet">  <span class="help" style="display: inline-block;"><a href="https://github.com/arXiv/arxiv-search/releases">Search v0.5.6 released 2020-02-24</a>  </span> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div class="columns is-desktop" role="navigation" aria-label="Secondary">  <div class="column"> <div class="columns"> <div class="column"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/about">About</a></li> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help">Help</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="column"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><title>contact arXiv</title><desc>Click here to contact arXiv</desc><path d="M502.3 190.8c3.9-3.1 9.7-.2 9.7 4.7V400c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V195.6c0-5 5.7-7.8 9.7-4.7 22.4 17.4 52.1 39.5 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