CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91352d014f81603a',cH: 'AoITI9p4JacJcS10.7CdSOcgJIwmmCQGs0Dr7s.omWQ-1739788999-1.2.1.1-XyP2t0fV.D5MAmlKprVzkOoEKMum4w7XqacZy6MKR2BB6LrWJt2DyiSlPqAjbdTs',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=CiteSpace&__cf_chl_tk=KSdjGcYQHyUMBbrnLEauWpnOLPaH_c09JxUg9k1jGWg-1739788999-1.0.1.1-F.T9W.aSB5u3nZp4vDlpPnyeNLf.ywFZu7v3CUQGRS0",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739788999',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=CiteSpace&__cf_chl_f_tk=KSdjGcYQHyUMBbrnLEauWpnOLPaH_c09JxUg9k1jGWg-1739788999-1.0.1.1-F.T9W.aSB5u3nZp4vDlpPnyeNLf.ywFZu7v3CUQGRS0",md: "T2S1.FlwOB_bjlLJkvvwhHkoOc7d0rb4MAnRgSNAHME-1739788999-1.2.1.1-K6q9iH2NufWWGXdhRMVL3DjBHWmG79bfaU3DubfVTmT5TucD.2XKaS.CwJffTY2pOMEHFWYMeIMFALlgIM5.EdP4em0AVfQ7_24iTa7uWxwgCg9mw5tsttFPBsR2zgebUK6DSwW.vpLb0MfC9AhGLmBIJfhD6MF7yEb7936mOQt0PIMdJEIUZkPnzdiP5p2bKtwcaHWw6onhGQcwMjEi._iCKPos9zgODIz79P3fDrmU7eVjzBS3RbG2Ou6ywW4IPvlJC4TWOSeDT0deNS.Dg.X0golWo3nojoIilnMkJASBv1cnbB7bdLT94xtIgPiekSH.HI7Oe4xOhBbaTG0kWGRS8ZhQxX2hNdMYlP8wtMSQyQEtMTDmFGEhn8SEayqeqAWW5IjG1ZTbL7NOAIfAhJyQ02HNwg9HUc0bmE45AaVfhSI8zxnZEfZMRfzNgivGJE9AfOdXrx7WRmVPAZW5GxCbgS6WUZXDGJQhy_EfZ6jKFU01L2CJx5hiQNOvsxA5hvMt7YuzmKifnfMmx_RDxqsQ.jIEzqc7PS5F7MC2LsT_q7zVqbgqQtJPl7sLNfTLDTq6SwgYeDLtSneRde_2s7P5z52Pekjv0UJnMfj4z2sUitFGP.lXnk_Nw09kPiZkGTMCNnupCvRZ3q3_LaqCyblJrM6m766adtGPLq_pv0SKrPbatI4L9KMRZU_GNsrdPqBtN5BSZHAYp2jSPlysjtBnuH3gHni5rL15TOKqPXsOFCUHDPYY.oxzQlvwNFA1UiE3YKPAxH0w9XxlTBUOsnP81NeOYatXGMhIIWYJugOBBio5VQW_bSC6Awk.75gn28.CKSxYN_6rBSduWcWVaCPauKGL4ZqrwgpaQGHeqjYbugrCwxFUiwbqH3iekKFD9R5.4osh7fIaHLEJPPgoi0ktQtEgS75MNYbusKL3X2D0LpdXIfjjHGBdBobptN_R2pCCHI3CGWG_2iMYhcuqyHBWfunVBoJcOtctTnmOdnouv0aMVvq7rn7HeE9.FQQdM_sIIHaRY2.9Rx1uNj79NMJcSpVggXN90FExZyZz0AuoW0Yuow8aX14KGuW8QnybNJGzhBHfw8E51AkUkpR.6Hk82XO4.RSYTuexCpqtFkWb9KyA6RQjyod_.tOkxbv_L17MAxSgAf1rVtp4Rf3.N57jYjJSyO_IPUZg7tnmnM5ijXjaBoUcLc4HVia09vYAk0KMExPOHMN_GWM9Z2BHDlOID9OWUgnzuSMlnSaEHbcQeJt4c2vcLLRvfQ.DjyOCYRrh.2X983agAQWD0mcMFCVXUkGh5zJbfPvTE9yAtYLSv86HQH3mVtKnMIqGZTkwZ63orxWuZvELhjq1imye5eZdFWG4_01bSzgvT2z7oKLzqvugAp1UUQ.SkItCclOh6NY3U91IQY_Gbgp6FVtNVtXxuJs6PR4wGSCyuFq3dJp3Q81fNUomrzAfTxztre27A_ZGtOV5SOuEMrzYhLv0eKqH0s7DyPMCcM2bv3hdGgL08dlG6p1UGuGAEkf45LezqxIhknUqiR0_q1E2zkYOn2S2uK01yAx0gmLRZvIt1JyxMgexe5RT3RF8xE7HTgGAumPu_UpjBCBTOONDfkWjBk74idjU9nhfSNyi8tKHGZ9btuNQE9jIKMfkitIet3dPos4uscqHxW.ObxfaPch4U9J0tVIW8F31IRJsvUBb0RkWthoZ0G2fGMCEl.phVW0QtVtBaihm3UKT6It2_RXvTzqJQ3eMt2KK1nymrSnbfaE_SOxE5jTrENvzs0JD7SC61t8GUDEoJxMhLoLhdT6fqZCWtTfc01gFidV4yv97NvRfhexL0s1m2qJunzdw8Q38fQT0r0ueJcd6turucDe4ON80pVP_I4AA5D1JaixwAKf1.Ik8E197pYVA8lELDyxNqNL3DXLCzxkq0tFlPVpyYA",mdrd: "Bav82o1V4BoN_OBM.R2zzexL5Dv4TG0gfH7Lp5qFjjY-1739788999-1.2.1.1-6HgwB2UTNIkv5xbj3ar221EURJSn3F0Ujfc5brqYm4NBFbWa2yYt.n35W3_nBLSgdXSIor8Q6Yp5GWRprDYyKt4TK68kRtZvjaLFySWms6CO4QxJnxycRaEGaJC_mU9_ifesNPWk5kPVJvj9gomvEI_EiMqtUIM74_6TQ23gd62aR5TujkJDOITQJh7XM.ZeEur9bXSDeCLBIW5WUxtvBCbf8gDqlkb9EYmHk589gFE.xznUbYlJJ96O5VqCnj7coOrknxVELCxtu6_7kMLXf2x5wAeZoiJkizcAoD_76wtDzOh47BfDtgNsfBCP93kFnGi7ERfY13u7vV56frtxqr_6k9MB6IP3k2KCQDhVmC5PuEG8YQr1foOpFFvvqHwLuDA2DVtgswFEwEFpmK8dw3ANB2T6I6Vd8TRpxcXg39ZSi5uZknlzwrbT1DZu50ItZGV9fO2AOeCOAhld9HTugflWtHohpj3geQi3JEvybT1XaIavTD0JftzTfiSMZlIt9MPSuD84.WnSOtmlJle1bBjOc6jT1nEWtMk0iDSR_M.MR4CwUSEOAAvhg6qSYclfdRG_9zATM2L_JmDcpacG0lzwI8DVuM3qx3B1NucaJzL6uLgpU4V89EHSHPjr4ofh3cmmWCGYxK2_EKSKKm7yDvobEmZnywE8qSDETmKZg0hGfOdk9AFwLCLhEKUzxhC8os3PvLyMM2hQiQXssnzZEBCnCq1KvK47MHf_iOZmqXhpcp.2xC2TMgC8dS32l_6g5_SGxMAexBnJFMmaBsTeAnoFZUXURbAS0gFAceykND3AgpLxQFqHStqfi3LB0jC4pYyTsZvKFz7pdqVqCjrLP5tjSR.tqsLKJREPJM8Ksbq6Cg0i8GAK6OZdG9._BCEzKWqHZqNUMLeRWkFRrT5U4aR9U240YJ4PtFGRQOIqtWmHALbx1eF_G9ME2owvs.Vj4mWFHRym_KoMfga31HGowbmx3g78EIpW8awCSdeE68oZO4OBwlphr.4LfjKEuylvtCnnxY1nWuW46BwSvkEdFCzeOVkp8rpgcq2idZgxtnimPgBLx2ULOjm.57UMUSEfUj_IwD06H2jM1zylwnZpawtIHWpk4QYqZiK7WMH57t4RN4BH7Asw83RziyEBu5XTcKwEhiddG.oGn_EStSUcSaOOcEv241zlu_1Fn09fjlRgC531Xx_usq755fBqXa.3oHHu3.XQvyvlWnGznhzbemwHSzJ7UqwftqIbnJXCUGnMZwblnJy.W3o3YeesTIGovSLSkq412DImKramKAOaMkdc2v44PEZn.jpAbsOASzRU.Uqz9lLVn.pQbKlcBHbCvd4J6j7VCErOQbqaoFDysQYxEJonKPKF99RfioYmgVqYbWiloz_wdzMQ8PSuM3LCDgUNHyvzU8qgtlXkAjaW29lF8O.81pLYzntb1HBYElIuN2gO7QpeaUHzMM.3BXHia9zwpdN8dM.L0vu.MSYj2mNYY5HHWfApFbKpcU8846cyvrS5.vFY1AyNW6H5gKZyQS9_sLzblrPr3k63NMPr0u8k4C6NXH4BFJUUYtPeuuG3YOyiuRGSA7s_WkTQWgQrOP.mJYEXz2EN_mXYZtSK6P53z._G9Cc8DSfGVhC5zTTmHmpb1ZmTcs5gmQ88YQiWKxGm0vbxVraJPd0RnxIfzwSYxL2JNxFHIHWBWmq8uU0Eedwxe_kAaOSzRAw_zfeOFGjxuEnIUBPfZwY0exu6ZghhyqzDss5WYEA7TQdNn05AgHS8tHo.vPsFwiFvlreHRRRV7xW2JGhdd7tG.uWke7YnAZ.BBT_9eD2i.6oj_tqznv33B7N15pqFavC0tHt26uwN5lesLGDTi2xv2Tqrl0jFZPMw6q8ZYAxDPJUchX8hocwKBKUUY9ATIClzbes9Oj4Qfr66T2.YLmqbtBl3J5KoOV5ZU3auvCTKrkZ9d8saArNYD5qxeMXvZ0ByOJIQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91352d014f81603a';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=CiteSpace&__cf_chl_rt_tk=KSdjGcYQHyUMBbrnLEauWpnOLPaH_c09JxUg9k1jGWg-1739788999-1.0.1.1-F.T9W.aSB5u3nZp4vDlpPnyeNLf.ywFZu7v3CUQGRS0" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>