CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913578bb2e6a37b5',cH: 'Mg64zsHT1sziErWqhQRGAgbzKNcZhOQHdxX9B2TyV2E-1739792101-1.2.1.1-MsTIDRI9szmiyPmRFYN1pc2lYN21gTEhnioDvSBvBSisw8eN0_RQLwX_lEC11cr6',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=P.%20Javid&__cf_chl_tk=g9k8arINuHtGw5_jcOm0st_zF2yw96vUxlhFeon_zJs-1739792101-1.0.1.1-kxlmvzWUSCGaXOwdT1PFhPPDXdh.fm3mrc0AU_jEIT8",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739792101',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=P.%20Javid&__cf_chl_f_tk=g9k8arINuHtGw5_jcOm0st_zF2yw96vUxlhFeon_zJs-1739792101-1.0.1.1-kxlmvzWUSCGaXOwdT1PFhPPDXdh.fm3mrc0AU_jEIT8",md: "ALGYOlF8b15Z5JoeMdwxztSvkqR7.N8s9sM7FSbb5LE-1739792101-1.2.1.1-C.Sl76r3fqAscXiT9VtFiOTlxvXiuR_kk6dFxTPdpaSAN8ZRxwxhKNPJpE3s47r7WhjqQ6T2nvU4PmfXRgHLtdAqMsYaRTNI5eQMagtYvdw.QTTo4m9nHDpTxrgk9ROiqyDEhHb1f4_EgUWCZs1OsCkCkeb9lqsF.ILL9sr7EJZ0PEijP4CSTuRhPQnOA7cjdw3e0QVfPpRW7tnExGA4YuWqrOMco8P54if7wjkFJyr2RvNVJxHNUz3cP0luD4aX25kfB9OtBuem4ZZzlU.UeLp.RRWRU79yxjWdb0YTpNQFNKjnxthgSnPVSq0y1me8CxYvla2kwRuOThei3Z9tGbOLmZm3Q.nygH7KMJRJ2wPZzqqbQFKTjNDEDfHaWelaD4NemPPRGUFOabUlf7kjGPXEzWloaDsQ3tXfhS9YMVJwK.TJifGvncLcC6848g99ZaRt6N5jV1_KMP39EmjPwQYE3zKphgfSUwRYarpDFTO7Oynl2ee_SLIzuzRi5T3n8n4tmN6i04fiMPe53itKyoVnBfHtFHgwYTzGlRDXxVJhFucuGFr5h_uIj9zexESD7l2X3Jd6kbCgU3EKXYSjT5Yxl24qvBqeWq6J5LreZX.L_RkL._fuslQtKCRJ70yd5A0j9LCL5frFDgv5AIhPKSgWj3p4QNM8s.EQlQz0b5wivYP0ZPOpXJRV18hq3ehndUt5a316XbR4jakkVNEya_YWauCE309YRYK9gE5KqKFuonxVuPAA6fyT5zyww4umPxtKcTknbYWKrPHzynfzTPBK0KMxrSaac1O7PyQzVtVxbYbsXu.kpKzQA65EaHfNL_FlRC71k6MyUdErcF.gcjnhccv8R_.2AOLljTa8lvt3tOMBQ_4GU.uZTRrNp5bnHAgOKRGrruf23itz9SD7u5.GM_PI3A5A3LMg81oB_4jmTB4OIXBRZHTzuOaZlfIKlipWqHV9VcSAITWggEtAAPDeQCupXKBUgx7oRV.9m5eswj78mqH0R.GaVQdhoC5RZ1dZQrkgugH1X_aUNgIsDe2_cj_Cyl5I.GUUmOTmkwshILjI6P_ptM7AwAltphHga2Q_K.WevxPRwk47XuQzeaJxVcQh72pTKi14DqIPYt8VpF5giTw.A_o2b3sUHmjSjfxWxwUF2s_RuCrX18eqWty6t1EpQrvOln5.9J0yOcIe.06dSwZSHd_eNVO8P1HzVk.Rod7jXiIQLDbMyr6gVK7US10Tgaz.3FVbqkCmDA9bm3GX97fw2xaH.DrIVpWCUt0XVktrcO0anwURZy1BWIjCr1ZiNTyEJ_waRaJNXLatmylYPAXi1lj8ANZ4YcbA_O3pNNJ0JAdOYJ.ybaKpNcH_Wt3Je8nXMd9iklUZC5cvkhj3fOQVsfhekUcuia5awrRNnYgtsfOYwxneWb1pUs25ILNPVyvVO6y7s90Nr0Pl8CUWi_1yOhy05kP_yLA_eWWXFQPYobykcB1slJKB6208Hc64g3fm.u_8g.Q85IrLKv1P1kbrbBFI4WEIgtLNqx0HzyfvXfIkzYiRRdoVmdY9UF7AIRIMBj4xQO01P1KZa1kBo9UjOSDX22cvFl2kMP4mKjufD26KT7Not5ljbtWUQUkFMaugl.A7yPOM98opvzsTuuj8hJF5KFZY2o3QcfY4AQ_HIAt1osPWLVyPF7KpbVVTYVb8TZVYlxy2BcQZ7324Brxnc9Cv79E3mcd60qRNpDrL_9_dfBSqTsQTNQgKIVlbgk4LIWpwG2tN8u0svSfXgVB6DO37ZMcjuKnhoseZyuSqilB.8gP385aFnS2AKmkqfRMl5eVInQ2x4bcwUBg8vtzuvZt3jH3RvwFTQCy8ISFPw9YgN2jjbEU8dB7_m_8XTWMjw9Oo2g8ujI0QJSLLRHGkjA_6Qd9MN1FWkZhCYUNyI7C2cMgyw_lWwQ",mdrd: "77MTcxmZ819IJ9c2.tBon0URmpukDOjHV5K_N3ZzO.w-1739792101-1.2.1.1-QJJAwHfSPThFVLqs939KnLfno01xoVkRw2H_vs3RZThjcK3f.2Q22JcjcH4hRafv94.kfZKdYWZHUjDbeIm0KIPlKC123QnfaStAn1HRAwONwWyAKAYucbmBxJNlG_J8ulcjojaFPYChiHiPzTvwBEOR2Z_oN40yPwf8BIRJGx.yuoOGQbKMBcDHXYg2w2GlTtxgwUksC_DcLcU_MAitEor2ph2H0rPIIJ3Llv0uvDSycg6mt0HRG6Grq33p5uUuwmKJ4ZSBmzNyAuthCzJNXRptspv99ggLeEcpMSVeIdkplrEdWVlHxV13pQ.hFW6oBeGmgHYRB17px.TmlnNUWQTn6jNCrcWGopDgUiDjM8oJDjG8Lr_ayRqvS9Un2OWW1GAEuD_x2qFQ2UjYp52rmi2.BErxbagD8aSeciZI4vx4GLtTY9SyuMXUD28NbxYdvFYFYn3fngRfkNmmoI8Hx_UkZG6t_W2HyZ9IgModR5wne.oAjDCm0Qm962d5V78sfH9ZTEdZG5wtknAJr2wfAGspcwZQUhHpeb28AaSNOBbmZ4qjQ4.Qq_UjJco0O7f7mC8xQgBV6_m83YrDuEEdrKgIl7qSbVG_eYQGa_kR6.EK9Q8lcEDfm5qb5zx4PS7nY9BVJ6S_M8oqj5FDdUPCDV5G4sbIoroMnTUx2ML4fXtRlZrmCiz6vktQVjPxvXy6hk1R8unWvyKV2DxhuIpb_XTwEy6tnsFQPw14t3Oy_qYgYv7M5YzhIZj6KQW0ps0kloeYRWhlDmFyiRg7k8Njm9cjRldgxs6z9GJd3EJOfO3nUxtntF2WV8rV35U3UJuPKKhtsHTbaNd6cPWIQN.yaPhxkAZJC8t61kUa4sLOkIJ2dJsIwC3U0koEmJlqqbkOXwLnPzV5FRSagsfccgbS4VgNHy9rkjTgeG7TZPh4hftK_YFMo9SQ9mbjuFPcels66KgDdBR3FRBbINqMmZcs_QzR2ieFxo2E2wvrG3RzZfqqdHBygx9hnhj0XNbFkV6XHqzCYjB26Dfr6J_tfsDWAKbm8RXIFpL9OWmetDPu.FYDHyqa00MJWlOJjKR4L9ohrqIipy1qkjgj8MeeQjP4mZ4R_fzE2BXTFdfIgtT42WdhJLIvGJogWW2yWb7EqjKxZySDKqNRP4jzNymg76eZ14Aye2cb56A03jGpE96kdXc6mnaiBaCNlfUIq0HL8SADx5FOsyJCdtnfSxr5UPUJxaU3l8y0tYVvcugOf_qfZpnRP6mqMTFqff9WBhJC_9dL_FOX.XGsEzGSacKkZjPoDn6JDsTJkepz.aLouyK3XijnRE8TuFsNkIbp288twsfz70zcS6oWy01xBT0nX5R72tVBenK5Jfnywulp4ADO6_7hyn8mqm0HTTBnTgpDRIww0uNeuT6No5ZbpkSKyuFuRJtdyKZfy2GwxBsmnBzK.nGq0KsZN2L_4JwaiGCZm0AryNEu_OV6R5MkLbs.hyE27xgJ9XUCav2MWpLXqGKMYjj_tk95ODDcrlmLVRj2nYfNialZMKsC_iSvvhkPsgJqvJxoEDSHcCGBOcgDEgKx4eDoDpcOvwNAzrtUXdVTzynHCR5M8jEGqKhde04ufeEdp1yerq6tDjCBWsgxS94I17zHly092MC4F32NZ4sT2g51ZVVb4EwcbxkdD_IoxAdl6EDXw5.cBeviNjvSpeixlU2F2xW2c0UaJQLkEDAyp5QWHQ1kk7R0vrMvG3lwpA.Cq1HvR6VZKkOknePVksUhtV5BdxWJiS2S7cdKqTRS0nryUEeYowXYSrqH6_Uh1E9A2KAGJhDRtytEbFi9FIjiAc8VsTe7wCh9gexiGjBFPgl4sp2vmXoTK32XYUuP70tAHFf3SNEPzXeLc1BkKmna_R3eEM.y7J.2Xfuz1dms43MU7nLYnoOSnFYE_fnwRt4BbUXgFlLPHZBTyFJXQ9L5cD3bIf1MNkwfMnZupgSRB6yi"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913578bb2e6a37b5';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=P.%20Javid&__cf_chl_rt_tk=g9k8arINuHtGw5_jcOm0st_zF2yw96vUxlhFeon_zJs-1739792101-1.0.1.1-kxlmvzWUSCGaXOwdT1PFhPPDXdh.fm3mrc0AU_jEIT8" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>