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Lignini — Википедија

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2024\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E.\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"noticebanner\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"plainlinks\" style=\"background-color: #FBEBEA; border-radius:5px; margin-top:10px; position:relative; border: 1px solid #aaa; font-family: \u0026#39;Helvetica\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;Arial\u0026#39;, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; box-shadow: 0 1px 1px rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.15 ); overflow:hidden;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"display:block; top:4px; width:100%; text-align:center;;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"color:#000085; font-size:25px; line-height:25px\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-left:50px;\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-top:2px; color:#444; font-size:1.15em; line-height:1.5;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-left:8px; padding-right:8px;\"\u003EУ току је такмичење у писању чланака на тему \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D1%83_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%9A%D1%83_%D1%87%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0/%D0%A3_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%83_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5\" title=\"Википедија:Такмичење у писању чланака/У свету Флоре и Фауне\"\u003EФлоре и фауне\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E.\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"noticebanner\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"plainlinks\" style=\"background-color: #FBEBEA; border-radius:5px; margin-top:10px; position:relative; border: 1px solid #aaa; font-family: \u0026#39;Helvetica\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;Arial\u0026#39;, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; box-shadow: 0 1px 1px rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.15 ); overflow:hidden;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"display:block; top:4px; width:100%; text-align:center;;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"color:#000085; font-size:25px; line-height:25px\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-left:50px;\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-top:2px; color:#444; font-size:1.15em; line-height:1.5;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-left:8px; padding-right:8px;\"\u003EПридружите се \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%92%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%83_%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%98%D0%B0_2024.\" title=\"Википедија:Уређивачки маратон Вики воли јавну уметност и гробна обележја 2024.\"\u003EУређивачком маратону Вики воли јавну уметност и гробна обележја 2024\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E.\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"noticebanner\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"plainlinks\" style=\"background-color: #FBEBEA; border-radius:5px; margin-top:10px; position:relative; border: 1px solid #aaa; font-family: \u0026#39;Helvetica\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;Arial\u0026#39;, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; box-shadow: 0 1px 1px rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.15 ); overflow:hidden;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"display:block; top:4px; width:100%; text-align:center;;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"color:#000085; font-size:25px; line-height:25px\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-left:50px;\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-top:2px; color:#444; font-size:1.15em; line-height:1.5;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-left:8px; padding-right:8px;\"\u003EУчествујте у \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://sr.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B0_SheSaid_2024\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"q:Викицитат:Кампања SheSaid 2024\"\u003Eкампањи писања цитата значајних жена\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E на Викицитату.\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"noticebanner\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"plainlinks\" style=\"background-color: #FBEBEA; border-radius:5px; margin-top:10px; position:relative; border: 1px solid #aaa; font-family: \u0026#39;Helvetica\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;Arial\u0026#39;, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; box-shadow: 0 1px 1px rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.15 ); overflow:hidden;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"display:block; top:4px; width:100%; text-align:center;;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"color:#000085; font-size:25px; line-height:25px\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-left:50px;\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-top:2px; color:#444; font-size:1.15em; line-height:1.5;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-left:8px; padding-right:8px;\"\u003EПридружите се \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0\" title=\"Википедија:Акција проширивања клица\"\u003Eакцији проширивања клица\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E.\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сајт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Садржај" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Садржај</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">помери на страну</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">сакриј</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Почетак</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Osobine_lignina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Osobine_lignina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Osobine lignina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Osobine_lignina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Struktura_lignina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Struktura_lignina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Struktura lignina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Struktura_lignina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dobijanje_lignina_ekstrakcijom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dobijanje_lignina_ekstrakcijom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Dobijanje lignina ekstrakcijom</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Dobijanje_lignina_ekstrakcijom-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Садржај одељка Dobijanje lignina ekstrakcijom</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Dobijanje_lignina_ekstrakcijom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1._Tretman_biomase_rastvorom_smeše_mravlja_kiselina/sirćetna_kiselina_u_zapreminskom_odnosu_70:30" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1._Tretman_biomase_rastvorom_smeše_mravlja_kiselina/sirćetna_kiselina_u_zapreminskom_odnosu_70:30"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>1. Tretman biomase rastvorom smeše mravlja kiselina/sirćetna kiselina u zapreminskom odnosu 70:30</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1._Tretman_biomase_rastvorom_smeše_mravlja_kiselina/sirćetna_kiselina_u_zapreminskom_odnosu_70:30-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2._Tretman_pulpe_sa_rastvorom_smeše_peroksi_mravlja_kiselina/peroksi_sirćetna_kiselina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2._Tretman_pulpe_sa_rastvorom_smeše_peroksi_mravlja_kiselina/peroksi_sirćetna_kiselina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>2. Tretman pulpe sa rastvorom smeše peroksi mravlja kiselina/peroksi sirćetna kiselina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2._Tretman_pulpe_sa_rastvorom_smeše_peroksi_mravlja_kiselina/peroksi_sirćetna_kiselina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-3._Beljenje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#3._Beljenje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>3. Beljenje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-3._Beljenje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-4._Izolacija_lignina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#4._Izolacija_lignina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>4. Izolacija lignina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-4._Izolacija_lignina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Upotreba_lignina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Upotreba_lignina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Upotreba lignina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Upotreba_lignina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Literatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Садржај" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Прикажи/сакриј садржај" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Прикажи/сакриј садржај</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lignini</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Чланак на другим језицима. Доступан на: 57" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 језика</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%BA%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86" title="ليغنين — арапски" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ليغنين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арапски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%82%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="لیقنین — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لیقنین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignin" title="Lignin — индонежански" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lignin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонежански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignin" title="Lignin — малајски" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lignin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малајски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Лигнин — бугарски" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лигнин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="бугарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Лігнін — белоруски" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лігнін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белоруски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignin" title="Lignin — босански" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Lignin" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignina" title="Lignina — каталонски" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lignina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignin" title="Lignin — чешки" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lignin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignin" title="Lignin — дански" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lignin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="добар чланак"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignin" title="Lignin — немачки" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lignin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немачки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligniin" title="Ligniin — естонски" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ligniin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="естонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B9%CE%B3%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Λιγνίνη — грчки" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λιγνίνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грчки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignin" title="Lignin — енглески" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Lignin" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="енглески" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignina" title="Lignina — шпански" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lignina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="шпански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignino" title="Lignino — есперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lignino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="есперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignina" title="Lignina — баскијски" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lignina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскијски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="لیگنین — персијски" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لیگنین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персијски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignine" title="Lignine — француски" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lignine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="француски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignina" title="Lignina — галицијски" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lignina" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галицијски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9F" title="ליגנין — хебрејски" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ליגנין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="хебрејски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignin" title="Lignin — хрватски" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Lignin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хрватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%A3%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Լիգնին — јерменски" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լիգնին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="јерменски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignino" title="Lignino — идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Lignino" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lign%C3%ADn" title="Lignín — исландски" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lignín" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignina" title="Lignina — италијански" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lignina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италијански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B0%E3%83%8B%E3%83%B3" title="リグニン — јапански" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リグニン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="јапански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignin" title="Lignin — јавански" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Lignin" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="јавански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ლიგნინი — грузијски" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლიგნინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузијски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Лигнин — казашки" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Лигнин" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EA%B7%B8%EB%8B%8C" title="리그닌 — корејски" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리그닌" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корејски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lign%C4%ABns" title="Lignīns — летонски" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lignīns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="летонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligninas" title="Ligninas — литвански" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ligninas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литвански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignin" title="Lignin — мађарски" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lignin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="мађарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="ലിഗ്നിൻ — малајалам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലിഗ്നിൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малајалам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="लिग्नीन — марати" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लिग्नीन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="марати" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignine" title="Lignine — холандски" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lignine" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="холандски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignin" title="Lignin — норвешки букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lignin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвешки букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignin" title="Lignin — норвешки нинорск" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Lignin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвешки нинорск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignin" title="Lignin — узбечки" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Lignin" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбечки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignina" title="Lignina — пољски" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lignina" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="пољски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignina" title="Lignina — португалски" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lignina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignin%C4%83" title="Lignină — румунски" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lignină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румунски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Лигнин — руски" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лигнин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lign%C3%ADn" title="Lignín — словачки" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Lignín" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словачки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignin" title="Lignin — словеначки" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Lignin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словеначки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignin" title="Lignin — српскохрватски" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Lignin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="српскохрватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignin" title="Lignin — сундански" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Lignin" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сундански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligniini" title="Ligniini — фински" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ligniini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignin" title="Lignin — шведски" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lignin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="ลิกนิน — тајски" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลิกนิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тајски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignin" title="Lignin — вијетнамски" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lignin" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вијетнамски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignin" title="Lignin — турски" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lignin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Лігнін — украјински" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лігнін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украјински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E8%B4%A8%E7%B4%A0" title="木质素 — ву кинески" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="木质素" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ву кинески" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E8%B4%A8%E7%B4%A0" title="木质素 — кинески" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="木质素" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="кинески" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E8%B3%AA%E7%B4%A0" title="木質素 — кантонски" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="木質素" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q184817#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Уреди међујезичке везе" class="wbc-editpage">Уреди везе</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Именски простори"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lignini" title="Прочитајте овај чланак [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Чланак</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80:Lignini" rel="discussion" title="Разговарајте о страници [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Разговор</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Промени варијанту језика" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ћир./lat.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-sr mw-list-item"><a href="/sr/Lignini" lang="sr" hreflang="sr"><span>Ћир./lat.</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-sr-Cyrl mw-list-item"><a href="/sr-ec/Lignini" lang="sr-Cyrl" hreflang="sr-Cyrl"><span>Ћирилица</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-sr-Latn mw-list-item"><a href="/sr-el/Lignini" lang="sr-Latn" hreflang="sr-Latn"><span>Latinica</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Погледи"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lignini"><span>Читај</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lignini&amp;veaction=edit" title="Уредите ову страницу [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Уреди</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lignini&amp;action=edit" title="Уредите изворни код ове странице [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Уреди извор</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lignini&amp;action=history" title="Историја [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Историја</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Алатке странице"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Алатке" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Алатке</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Алатке</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">помери на страну</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">сакриј</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Више опција" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Радње </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lignini"><span>Читај</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lignini&amp;veaction=edit" title="Уредите ову страницу [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Уреди</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lignini&amp;action=edit" title="Уредите изворни код ове странице [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Уреди извор</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lignini&amp;action=history"><span>Историја</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Опште </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE/Lignini" title="Списак свих вики страница које воде овамо [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Шта води овамо</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5/Lignini" rel="nofollow" title="Скорашње измене страница које су повезане с овом [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Повезане измене</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Википедија:Водич_за_отпремање" title="Поставите слике и снимке [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Отпреми датотеку</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5" title="Списак свих посебних страница [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Посебне странице</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lignini&amp;oldid=25918129" title="Трајна веза до ове измене на овој страници"><span>Трајна веза</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lignini&amp;action=info" title="Више информација о овој страници"><span>Подаци о страници</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%98&amp;page=Lignini&amp;id=25918129&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Информације о томе како цитирати ову страницу"><span>Цитирај страницу</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A1%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLignini"><span>Кратки URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLignini"><span>Преузми QR код</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Штампање/извоз </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Lignini&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Преузми у PDF-у</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="Одштампајте ову страницу [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Одштампај</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> На другим пројектима </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lignins" hreflang="en"><span>Викиостава</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q184817" title="Веза ка ставци на спремишту података [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Ставка на Википодацима</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Алатке странице"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Изглед"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Изглед</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">помери на страну</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">сакриј</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">С Википедије, слободне енциклопедије</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sr" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25170919">.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox{border-collapse:collapse;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td,.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox th{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td+td{width:60%}</style> <table class="infobox ib-chembox"> <caption>Lignini </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="borderless" align="center"> <table border="0" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border-right:1px solid #aaa;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Slika_2._%C5%A0ematski_prikaz_strukture_lignina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Slika_2._%C5%A0ematski_prikaz_strukture_lignina.jpg/285px-Slika_2._%C5%A0ematski_prikaz_strukture_lignina.jpg" decoding="async" width="285" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Slika_2._%C5%A0ematski_prikaz_strukture_lignina.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="288" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Идентификација </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%90%D0%A1_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%98" title="ЦАС регистарски број">CAS број</a></div> </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25554968">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.commonchemistry.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.commonchemistry.org/ChemicalDetail.aspx?ref=9005-53-2">9005-53-2</a></span><sup>&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Да" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25554968"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>none</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Evropska_hemijska_agencija#ECHA_InfoCard" title="Evropska hemijska agencija"><span title="echa.europa.eu">ECHA InfoCard</span></a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.029.699">100.029.699</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background:#f8eaba;"><div style="margin:0 auto; text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Ukoliko nije drugačije napomenuto, podaci se odnose na <a href="/wiki/Standardno_stanje" title="Standardno stanje">standardno stanje</a> materijala (na 25&#160;°C [77&#160;°F], 100&#160;kPa).</div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f8eaba; border-top:2px solid transparent;"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Да" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/12px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/18px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/24px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span>&#160;<span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:ComparePages&amp;rev1=445917766&amp;page2=Lignini">verifikuj</a></span>&#160;(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chemicals/Chembox_validation" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation">šta je</a>&#160;<sup><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Да" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Не" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Н</span></sup>&#160;?) </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f8eaba; border-top:2px solid transparent;"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Chemical_infobox#References" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Chemical infobox">Reference&#160;infokutije</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f8eaba;"> <td style="width:40%; max-height:1px; border-top:2px solid transparent; border-right:1px solid transparent;"> </td> <td style="width:60%; max-height:1px; border-top:2px solid transparent; border-left:1px solid transparent;"> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Lignini</b> su kompleksni polimeri aromatičnih alkohola.<sup id="cite_ref-martone2009_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-martone2009-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Najčešće se dobijaju iz drveta i sastavni su deo <a href="/wiki/%D0%8B%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Ћелијски зид">ćelijskih zidova</a> biljaka (Lebo et al., 2001) i nekih algi (Martone et al., 2009). </p><p>Lignini (lignum-drvo) nastaju daljom polimerizacijom <a href="/wiki/Lignan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lignan">lignana</a> (dimeri, koji se u prirodi uglavnom nalaze u obliku glikozida). Pored <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Целулоза">celuloze</a> i <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Хемицелулоза">hemiceluloze</a> glavni su sastojci lignoceluloznog materijala (oko 30%). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Osobine_lignina">Osobine lignina</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lignini&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Уредите одељак „Osobine lignina”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lignini&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Уреди извор одељка: Osobine lignina"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lignini su visoko umreženi racemski <a href="/wiki/Makromolekuli" class="mw-redirect" title="Makromolekuli">makromolekuli</a> sa molekulskim masama većim od 10 000 u. Relativno su hidrofobni i aromatičani u prirodi. Stepen polimerizacije je teško izmeriti, zavisi od vremena ekstrakcije i molekula, jer imaju različite skelete umreženja. Lignini ne bubre i ne rastvaraju se u mineralnim kiselinama, a otporni su i na dejstvo <a href="/wiki/Mikroorganizam" title="Mikroorganizam">mikroorganizama</a>. Lignini se rastvaraju u rastvoru <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC-%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Калцијум-сулфат">kalcijum-sulfata</a> i alkalijama na čemu se zasnivaju postupci za dobijanje celuloze (Petrović et al., 2005). </p><p>Lignini različitih biljnih vrsta se dosta razlikuju. Prirodni lignini podležu hemijskim promenama pod uticajem povišene temperature ili reagenasa. Lignini lako reaguju sa hlorom, što omogućava njihovo uklanjanje u procesu proizvodnje <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Целулоза">celuloze</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Struktura_lignina">Struktura lignina</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lignini&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Уредите одељак „Struktura lignina”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lignini&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Уреди извор одељка: Struktura lignina"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Slika_1._Strukturne_formule_p-kumaril-,_koniferil-_i_sinapil_alkohola.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Slika_1._Strukturne_formule_p-kumaril-%2C_koniferil-_i_sinapil_alkohola.gif/400px-Slika_1._Strukturne_formule_p-kumaril-%2C_koniferil-_i_sinapil_alkohola.gif" decoding="async" width="400" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Slika_1._Strukturne_formule_p-kumaril-%2C_koniferil-_i_sinapil_alkohola.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="408" data-file-height="165" /></a><figcaption>Strukturne formule p-kumaril-, koniferil- i sinapil alkohola</figcaption></figure> <p>Lignini su trodimenzionalni, visoko umreženi makromolekuli, koji su nastali enzimskom <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Полимеризација">polimerizacijom</a> tri vrste substituisanih fenola, koji uključuju: <a href="/wiki/Koniferil_alkohol" title="Koniferil alkohol">koniferil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinapil_alkohol" title="Sinapil alkohol">sinapil</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=P-kumaril_alkohol&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="P-kumaril alkohol (страница не постоји)">p-kumaril alkohol</a>, dajući ogroman broj <a href="/wiki/Funkcionalna_grupa" title="Funkcionalna grupa">funkcionalnih grupa</a> i veza.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lignini sadrže metoksi-, acetoksi-, formil- i druge funkcionalne grupe, a u lignoceluloznim sirovinama vezan je za polisaharide, tj. celulozu, poluacetalnim i acetalnim vezama (Watikins et al., 2015). Osnovne jedinice lignana i lignina su kumaril-, sinapil- i koniferil-alkoholi koji se međusobno vezani alkil-alkil, alkil-aril, α,α&#160;; α,β&#160;; β,β&#160;; C-C i C-O-C vezama (Petrović et al., 2005). Šematski prikaz lignina dat je na slici 2 vezama (Watikins et al., 2015). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dobijanje_lignina_ekstrakcijom">Dobijanje lignina ekstrakcijom</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lignini&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Уредите одељак „Dobijanje lignina ekstrakcijom”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lignini&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Уреди извор одељка: Dobijanje lignina ekstrakcijom"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Slika_3._%C5%A0ema_dobijanja_lignina_ekstrakcijom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Slika_3._%C5%A0ema_dobijanja_lignina_ekstrakcijom.jpg/400px-Slika_3._%C5%A0ema_dobijanja_lignina_ekstrakcijom.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Slika_3._%C5%A0ema_dobijanja_lignina_ekstrakcijom.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="453" data-file-height="211" /></a><figcaption>Šema dobijanja lignina ekstrakcijom</figcaption></figure> <p>Postoji širok izbor sirovina za dobijanje lignina: <a href="/wiki/%D0%88%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Јута">juta</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%99%D0%B0" title="Конопља">konoplja</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Памук">pamuk</a> i drvene mase. Stoga, će njihove fizičke i hemijske osobine zavisiti od sirovine i primenjene ekstrakcione metode (Watikins et al., 2015). Proces dobianja lignina ekstrakcijom odvija se u četiri faze prikazane na slici 3: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1._Tretman_biomase_rastvorom_smeše_mravlja_kiselina/sirćetna_kiselina_u_zapreminskom_odnosu_70:30"><span id="1..09Tretman_biomase_rastvorom_sme.C5.A1e_mravlja_kiselina.2Fsir.C4.87etna_kiselina_u_zapreminskom_odnosu_70:30"></span>1. Tretman biomase rastvorom smeše mravlja kiselina/sirćetna kiselina u zapreminskom odnosu 70:30</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lignini&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Уредите одељак „1.&#9;Tretman biomase rastvorom smeše mravlja kiselina/sirćetna kiselina u zapreminskom odnosu 70:30”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lignini&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Уреди извор одељка: 1.&#9;Tretman biomase rastvorom smeše mravlja kiselina/sirćetna kiselina u zapreminskom odnosu 70:30"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Biomasa se tretira 85% rastvorom (smeša <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%99%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Мравља киселина">mravlja kiselina</a>/<a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Сирћетна киселина">sirćetna kiselina</a> u zapreminskom odnosu 70:30) na temperaturi ključanja 2 časa. Odnos dodatih količina biomasa / rastvarač je 1:8. Nakon hlađenja pulpe na sobnu temperaturu vlakna se filtriraju i ispiraju 80% mravljom kiselinom i toplom destilovanom vodom. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2._Tretman_pulpe_sa_rastvorom_smeše_peroksi_mravlja_kiselina/peroksi_sirćetna_kiselina"><span id="2..09Tretman_pulpe_sa_rastvorom_sme.C5.A1e_peroksi_mravlja_kiselina.2Fperoksi_sir.C4.87etna_kiselina"></span>2. Tretman pulpe sa rastvorom smeše peroksi mravlja kiselina/peroksi sirćetna kiselina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lignini&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Уредите одељак „2.&#9;Tretman pulpe sa rastvorom smeše peroksi mravlja kiselina/peroksi sirćetna kiselina”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lignini&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Уреди извор одељка: 2.&#9;Tretman pulpe sa rastvorom smeše peroksi mravlja kiselina/peroksi sirćetna kiselina"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>U sledećoj fazi se vrši izdvajanje lignina iz pulpe. Pulpa se tretira 2 časa na vodenom kupatilu, na 80&#160;°C rastvorom smeše peroksi mravlja kiselina/peroksi sirćetna kiselina (dobija se dodavanjem 35% vodonik peroksida u 85% rastvor mravlja kiselina/sirćetna kiselina). Deligninzovana vlakna se zatim odvajaju od rastvora i ispiraju toplom vodom. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="3._Beljenje"><span id="3..09Beljenje"></span>3. Beljenje</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lignini&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Уредите одељак „3.&#9;Beljenje”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lignini&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Уреди извор одељка: 3.&#9;Beljenje"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Deligninzovana vlakna se tretiraju 35% rastvorom vodonik peroksida 2 časa na vodenom kupatilu na temperaturi od 8&#160;°C. Na kraju se vrši ispiranje pulpe toplom vodom do potpunog odstranjivanja lignina. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="4._Izolacija_lignina"><span id="4..09Izolacija_lignina"></span>4. Izolacija lignina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lignini&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Уредите одељак „4.&#9;Izolacija lignina”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lignini&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Уреди извор одељка: 4.&#9;Izolacija lignina"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rastvor nastao posle dobijanja pulpe i nakon procesa deligninzacije zagrevan je na 105&#160;°C. Lignin rastvoren u mravljoj kiselini je istaložen dodavanjem destilovane vode (5 puta vise od koncentrovanog rastvora). Posle filtriranja, lignin je ispran destilovanom vodom i osusen u vakuumu nad P2O5 (Watikins et al., 2015; Mankar et al., 2012) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Upotreba_lignina">Upotreba lignina</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lignini&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Уредите одељак „Upotreba lignina”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lignini&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Уреди извор одељка: Upotreba lignina"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lignini se primenjuju za izradu: <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Емулгатор">emulgatora</a>, sintetičkih podova, disperzija, boja i goriva za termičku obradu kolovoza (Mankar et al., 2012). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lignini&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Уредите одељак „Reference”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lignini&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Уреди извор одељка: Reference"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r28440201">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-martone2009-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-martone2009_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Martone, Pt; Estevez, Jm; Lu, F; Ruel, K; Denny, Mw; Somerville, C; Ralph, J (januar 2009). „Discovery of Lignin in Seaweed Reveals Convergent Evolution of Cell-Wall Architecture.”. <i>Current Biology</i>. <b>19</b> (2): 169—75. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_serijski_broj" title="Međunarodni standardni serijski broj">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0960-9822">0960-9822</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19167225">19167225</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2008.12.031">10.1016/j.cub.2008.12.031</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3ALignini&amp;rft.atitle=Discovery+of+Lignin+in+Seaweed+Reveals+Convergent+Evolution+of+Cell-Wall+Architecture.&amp;rft.au=Denny%2C+Mw&amp;rft.au=Estevez%2C+Jm&amp;rft.au=Lu%2C+F&amp;rft.au=Martone%2C+Pt&amp;rft.au=Ralph%2C+J&amp;rft.au=Ruel%2C+K&amp;rft.au=Somerville%2C+C&amp;rft.date=2009-01&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issn=0960-9822&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.jtitle=Current+Biology&amp;rft.pages=169-75&amp;rft.volume=19&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cub.2008.12.031&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19167225&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Lebo, Stuart E. Jr.; Gargulak, Jerry D.; McNally, Timothy J. (2001). „Lignin”. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200410134534/http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/"><i>Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology</i></a>. <i>Kirk‑Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology</i>. John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/0-471-23896-1" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/0-471-23896-1">0-471-23896-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F0471238961.12090714120914.a01.pub2">10.1002/0471238961.12090714120914.a01.pub2</a>. Архивирано из <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/emrw/9780471238966/kirk/article/lignlin.a01/current/pdf">оригинала</a> 10. 04. 2020. г<span class="reference-accessdate">. Приступљено <span class="nowrap">14. 10. 2007</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3ALignini&amp;rft.atitle=Kirk-Othmer+Encyclopedia+of+Chemical+Technology&amp;rft.au=Gargulak%2C+Jerry+D.&amp;rft.au=McNally%2C+Timothy+J.&amp;rft.aufirst=Stuart+E.+Jr.&amp;rft.aulast=Lebo&amp;rft.btitle=Kirk%E2%80%91Othmer+Encyclopedia+of+Chemical+Technology&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.isbn=0-471-23896-1&amp;rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons%2C+Inc&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mrw.interscience.wiley.com%2Femrw%2F9780471238966%2Fkirk%2Farticle%2Flignlin.a01%2Fcurrent%2Fpdf&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F0471238961.12090714120914.a01.pub2&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatura">Literatura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lignini&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Уредите одељак „Literatura”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lignini&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Уреди извор одељка: Literatura"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Lebo, Stuart E. Jr.; Gargulak, Jerry D. and McNally, Timothy J. (2001). "Lignin". Kirk Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.</li> <li>Mankar, S.S., Chaudhari, A.R., Soni, I. (2012) Lignin in phenol-formaldehyde adhesives, International Journal of Knowledge Engineering 3(1):116-118.</li> <li>Martone, Pt; Estevez, Jm; Lu, F; Ruel, K; Denny, Mw; Somerville, C; Ralph, J (Jan 2009). "Discovery of Lignin in Seaweed Reveals Convergent Evolution of Cell-Wall Architecture.". Current biology&#160;: CB 19 (2): 169–75.</li> <li>Petrović, D.P., Mijin, D.Ž., Stojanović, N.D. (2005) Hemija prirodnih organskih jedinjenja, Tehnolođko-metalurški fakultet, Beograd, 310-312.</li> <li>Watkins, D.,. Nuruddin, Md., Hosur, M. ∗, Tcherbi-Narteh,A., Jeelani, S. (2015) Extraction and characterization of lignin from different biomass resources, Journal of materials research and technology, 4(1):26–32.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25469611">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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контрола</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184817#identifiers" title="Уреди на Википодацима"><img alt="Уреди на Википодацима" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Државне</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><span 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class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&amp;local_base=lnc10&amp;doc_number=000180460&amp;P_CON_LNG=ENG">Летонија</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00569453">Јапан</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="lignin"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=ph628969&amp;CON_LNG=ENG">Чешка</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Остале</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="lignin"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/lignin">Енциклопедија Британика</a></span></span></li></ul> 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