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class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Commercial uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercial_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jack pine</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banks_%C5%9Fam%C4%B1" title="Banks şamı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Banks şamı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%B3_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C" title="بانکس شامی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بانکس شامی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Хвоя Банкса – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хвоя Банкса" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinus_banksiana" title="Pinus banksiana – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pinus banksiana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinus_banksiana" title="Pinus banksiana – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pinus banksiana" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borovice_Banksova" title="Borovice Banksova – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Borovice Banksova" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banks-Kiefer" title="Banks-Kiefer – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Banks-Kiefer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hall_m%C3%A4nd" title="Hall mänd – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hall mänd" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinus_banksiana" title="Pinus banksiana – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pinus banksiana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banks-pino" title="Banks-pino – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Banks-pino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D8%AE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="کاج خاکستری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کاج خاکستری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pin_gris" title="Pin gris – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pin gris" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B8%D5%B3%D5%AB_%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%BD%D5%AB" title="Սոճի Բանկսի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սոճի Բանկսի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A1fura" title="Gráfura – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gráfura" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinus_banksiana" title="Pinus banksiana – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pinus banksiana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankso_pu%C5%A1is" title="Bankso pušis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bankso pušis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banks-feny%C5%91" title="Banks-fenyő – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Banks-fenyő" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%88%E0%B5%BB" title="ജാക്ക് പൈൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജാക്ക് പൈൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9E%E3%83%84" title="バンクスマツ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バンクスマツ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banksfuru" title="Banksfuru – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Banksfuru" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Банкс пожум – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Банкс пожум" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosna_Banksa" title="Sosna Banksa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sosna Banksa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinus_banksiana" title="Pinus banksiana – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pinus banksiana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pin_bancsian" title="Pin bancsian – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pin bancsian" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Сосна Банкса – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сосна Банкса" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borovica_Banksova" title="Borovica Banksova – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Borovica Banksova" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banksinm%C3%A4nty" title="Banksinmänty – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Banksinmänty" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banksianatall" title="Banksianatall – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Banksianatall" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banks_%C3%A7am%C4%B1" title="Banks çamı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Banks çamı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Банкс пужым – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Банкс пужым" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Сосна Банкса – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сосна Банкса" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinus_banksiana" title="Pinus banksiana – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Pinus banksiana" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinus_banksiana" title="Pinus banksiana – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pinus banksiana" 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For the painting by Tom Thomson, see <a href="/wiki/The_Jack_Pine" title="The Jack Pine">The Jack Pine</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Jack pine </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pinus_banksiana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Pinus_banksiana.jpg/220px-Pinus_banksiana.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="483" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Pinus_banksiana.jpg/330px-Pinus_banksiana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Pinus_banksiana.jpg/440px-Pinus_banksiana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2581" data-file-height="5664" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Young jack pine </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/220px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/330px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/440px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Least_Concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Least Concern">Least Concern</a> <small> (<a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_status_12_November_2021_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn_status_12_November_2021-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Status_TNC_G5.svg/220px-Status_TNC_G5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Status_TNC_G5.svg/330px-Status_TNC_G5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Status_TNC_G5.svg/440px-Status_TNC_G5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="64" /></span></span><br />Secure <small> (<a href="/wiki/NatureServe_conservation_status" title="NatureServe conservation status">NatureServe</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-NatureServe_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NatureServe-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Pinus_subsect._Contortae" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gymnosperm" title="Gymnosperm">Gymnospermae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Division: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conifer" title="Conifer">Pinophyta</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conifer" title="Conifer">Pinopsida</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pinales" title="Pinales">Pinales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pinaceae" title="Pinaceae">Pinaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pine" title="Pine"><i>Pinus</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subgenus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pinus_subg._Pinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinus subg. Pinus"><i>P.</i> subg. <i>Pinus</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Section: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pinus_sect._Trifoliae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinus sect. Trifoliae"><i>P.</i> sect. <i>Trifoliae</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subsection: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pinus_subsect._Contortae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinus subsect. Contortae"><i>P.</i> subsect. <i>Contortae</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>P. banksiana</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Pinus banksiana</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Aylmer_Bourke_Lambert" title="Aylmer Bourke Lambert">Lamb.</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pinus_banksiana_range_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Pinus_banksiana_range_map.png/220px-Pinus_banksiana_range_map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Pinus_banksiana_range_map.png/330px-Pinus_banksiana_range_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Pinus_banksiana_range_map.png/440px-Pinus_banksiana_range_map.png 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="2880" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Native range </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul class="taxonlist"><li><i>Pinus divaricata</i> <small>(Aiton) Dum.Cours. </small></li><li><i>Pinus divaricata</i> <small>(Aiton) Sudw. nom. illeg. </small></li><li><i>Pinus hudsonica</i> <small>Poir. </small></li><li><i>Pinus rupestris</i> <small>Michx.f. </small></li><li><i>Pinus sylvestris <span style="font-style:normal;">var.</span> divaricata</i> <small>Aiton </small></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><b>Jack pine</b> (<i>Pinus banksiana</i>), also known as <b>grey pine</b><sup id="cite_ref-NBHoA_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NBHoA-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <b>scrub pine,</b><sup id="cite_ref-NBHoA_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NBHoA-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Silvics_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silvics-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North American</a> <a href="/wiki/Pine" title="Pine">pine</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution_and_habitat">Distribution and habitat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_pine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Distribution and habitat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Its native range in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> is east of the <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rocky Mountains</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Mackenzie_River" title="Mackenzie River">Mackenzie River</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a> to <a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Island" title="Cape Breton Island">Cape Breton Island</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a>, and the north-central and northeast of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> from <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a> to <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a>, with the southernmost part of the range just into northwest <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a> and northwest <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_pine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Taxonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the far west of its range, <i>Pinus banksiana</i> hybridizes readily with the closely related <a href="/wiki/Lodgepole_pine" class="mw-redirect" title="Lodgepole pine">lodgepole pine</a> (<i>Pinus contorta</i>). The species epithet <i>banksiana</i> is after the English botanist Sir <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Banks" title="Joseph Banks">Joseph Banks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-anatomy_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anatomy-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_pine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Pinus banksiana</i> ranges from 9–22 m (30–72 ft) in height. Some jack pines are shrub-sized, due to poor growing conditions. They do not usually grow perfectly straight, resulting in an irregular shape similar to <a href="/wiki/Pitch_pine" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitch pine">pitch pine</a> (<i>Pinus rigida</i>). This pine often forms pure stands on sandy or rocky soil. Many populations are adapted to stand-replacing fires, with the cones remaining closed for many years, until a forest fire kills the mature trees and opens the cones, reseeding the burnt ground. Other populations have not been shaped by regular stand-replacing fires and have reduced <a href="/wiki/Serotiny" title="Serotiny">serotiny</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A population on the Maine coast is apparently not reliant on fire for reproduction,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and some stands have developed several age classes.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Populations with lower serotiny are often found on soils that are in some way limiting to faster-growing competition, such as soils shallow to bedrock, shallow to water table, or very young soils.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Its leaves are needle-shaped, evergreen, in fascicles of two, needle-like, straight or slightly twisted, stiff, sharp-pointed, light yellowish-green, spread apart; edges toothed and <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>2–4 cm (<span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>–<span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in) long. The bundle-sheath is persistent. The buds are blunt pointed, up to 15 mm long, reddish-brown, and resinous. On vigorous shoots, there is more than one cyclic component. The bark is thin, reddish-brown to gray in color in juvenile stages. As the tree matures it becomes dark brown and flaky. The wood is moderately hard and heavy, weak, light brown colour. The seed cones vary in shape, being rectangular to oval, cone shaped, straight or curved inward.<sup id="cite_ref-Moore2008_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore2008-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Conifer_cone" title="Conifer cone">cones</a> are <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">3–5 cm (<span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>–2 in) long, the scales with a small, fragile prickle that usually wears off before maturity, leaving the cones smooth. </p><p>Unusually for a pine, the cones normally point forward along the branch, sometimes curling around it. That is an easy way to tell it apart from the similar lodgepole pine in more western areas of North America. The cones on many mature trees are serotinous. They open when exposed to intense heat, greater than or equal to 50 °C (122 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The typical case is in a fire, however cones on the lower branches can open when temperatures reach 27 °C (81 °F) due to the heat being reflected off the ground.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology">Ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_pine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kirtland%27s_warbler" title="Kirtland's warbler">Kirtland's warbler</a> (<i>Setophaga kirtlandii</i>), a formerly <a href="/wiki/Endangered_species" title="Endangered species">endangered</a> <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">bird</a>, depends on pure stands of young jack pine in a very limited area in the north of the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Peninsula_of_Michigan" title="Lower Peninsula of Michigan">Lower</a> and <a href="/wiki/Upper_Peninsula_of_Michigan" title="Upper Peninsula of Michigan">Upper Peninsulas</a> of <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a> for breeding. Most known nesting areas are limited to <a href="/wiki/Crawford_County,_Michigan" title="Crawford County, Michigan">Crawford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oscoda_County,_Michigan" title="Oscoda County, Michigan">Oscoda</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ogemaw_County,_Michigan" title="Ogemaw County, Michigan">Ogemaw</a> counties.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mature jack pine forests are usually open and <a href="/wiki/Blueberries" class="mw-redirect" title="Blueberries">blueberries</a> are often abundant in the <a href="/wiki/Understory" title="Understory">understory</a>. </p><p>Young jack pines are an alternate host for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sweet_fern_blister_rust&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sweet fern blister rust (page does not exist)">sweet fern blister rust</a> (<i>Cronartium comptoniae</i>). Infected <a href="/wiki/Comptonia_(plant)" title="Comptonia (plant)">sweet ferns</a> (<i>Comptonia peregrina</i>) release powdery orange spores in the summer and nearby trees become infected in the fall. Diseased trees show vertical orange cankers on the trunk and galls on the lower branches. The disease does not tend to affect older trees.<sup id="cite_ref-eclectic_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eclectic-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jack pines are also susceptible to <a href="/wiki/Scleroderris_canker" title="Scleroderris canker">scleroderris canker</a> (<i>Gremmeniella abietina</i>). This disease manifests by yellowing at the base of the needles. Prolonged exposure may lead to eventual death of the tree.<sup id="cite_ref-eclectic_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eclectic-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Insects that attack jack pine stands include the <a href="/wiki/White_pine_weevil" class="mw-redirect" title="White pine weevil">white pine weevil</a> (<i>Pissodes strobi</i>), jack pine sawfly, and <a href="/wiki/Jack_pine_budworm" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack pine budworm">jack pine budworm</a> (<i>Choristoneura pinus</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-eclectic_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eclectic-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fossil evidence shows the jack pine survived the glacial period in the <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains" title="Appalachian Mountains">Appalachian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ozarks" title="Ozarks">Ozark Mountains</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commercial_uses">Commercial uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_pine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Commercial uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like other species of pine, <i>Pinus banksiana</i> has use as timber, although its wood tends to be knotty and not highly resistant to decay. Products include <a href="/wiki/Pulpwood" title="Pulpwood">pulpwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Firewood" title="Firewood">fuel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deck_(building)" title="Deck (building)">decking</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Utility_pole" title="Utility pole">utility poles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-anatomy_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anatomy-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_pine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pinus_banksiana_forest.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="P. banksiana forest with Vaccinium groundcover in Neil's Harbour, Nova Scotia."><img alt="P. banksiana forest with Vaccinium groundcover in Neil's Harbour, Nova Scotia." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Pinus_banksiana_forest.jpg/120px-Pinus_banksiana_forest.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Pinus_banksiana_forest.jpg/180px-Pinus_banksiana_forest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Pinus_banksiana_forest.jpg/240px-Pinus_banksiana_forest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2979" data-file-height="1962" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>P. banksiana</i> forest with <i><a href="/wiki/Vaccinium" title="Vaccinium">Vaccinium</a></i> groundcover in <a href="/wiki/Neil%27s_Harbour,_Nova_Scotia" title="Neil's Harbour, Nova Scotia">Neil's Harbour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jackpine.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Foliage"><img alt="Foliage" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Jackpine.jpg/120px-Jackpine.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Jackpine.jpg/180px-Jackpine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Jackpine.jpg/240px-Jackpine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="314" data-file-height="235" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Foliage</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pinus_banksiana_closed_cones.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Closed, mature cones"><img alt="Closed, mature cones" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Pinus_banksiana_closed_cones.jpg/120px-Pinus_banksiana_closed_cones.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Pinus_banksiana_closed_cones.jpg/180px-Pinus_banksiana_closed_cones.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Pinus_banksiana_closed_cones.jpg/240px-Pinus_banksiana_closed_cones.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1152" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Closed, mature cones</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cones2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pollen cones"><img alt="Pollen cones" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Cones2.jpg/90px-Cones2.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Cones2.jpg/135px-Cones2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Cones2.jpg/180px-Cones2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pollen cones</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pinus_banksiana_bark.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bark"><img alt="Bark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Pinus_banksiana_bark.jpg/95px-Pinus_banksiana_bark.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Pinus_banksiana_bark.jpg/143px-Pinus_banksiana_bark.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Pinus_banksiana_bark.jpg/190px-Pinus_banksiana_bark.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1146" data-file-height="1443" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bark</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Jack_Pine,_by_Tom_Thomson.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Jack Pine (1917) by Tom Thomson, painted in Algonquin Park, Ontario."><img alt="The Jack Pine (1917) by Tom Thomson, painted in Algonquin Park, Ontario." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/The_Jack_Pine%2C_by_Tom_Thomson.jpg/120px-The_Jack_Pine%2C_by_Tom_Thomson.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/The_Jack_Pine%2C_by_Tom_Thomson.jpg/180px-The_Jack_Pine%2C_by_Tom_Thomson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/The_Jack_Pine%2C_by_Tom_Thomson.jpg/240px-The_Jack_Pine%2C_by_Tom_Thomson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1105" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Jack_Pine" title="The Jack Pine">The Jack Pine</a></i> (1917) by <a href="/wiki/Tom_Thomson" title="Tom Thomson">Tom Thomson</a>, painted in <a href="/wiki/Algonquin_Provincial_Park" title="Algonquin Provincial Park">Algonquin Park</a>, Ontario.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jack_Pine_%27Schoodic%27.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Creeping cultivar of Jack Pine called 'Schoodic'."><img alt="Creeping cultivar of Jack Pine called 'Schoodic'." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Jack_Pine_%27Schoodic%27.jpg/120px-Jack_Pine_%27Schoodic%27.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Jack_Pine_%27Schoodic%27.jpg/180px-Jack_Pine_%27Schoodic%27.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Jack_Pine_%27Schoodic%27.jpg/240px-Jack_Pine_%27Schoodic%27.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Creeping cultivar of Jack Pine called 'Schoodic'.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_pine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-iucn_status_12_November_2021-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-iucn_status_12_November_2021_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFarjon,_A.2013" class="citation journal cs1">Farjon, A. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/42346/2974230">"<i>Pinus banksiana</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2013</b>: e.T42346A2974230. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42346A2974230.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42346A2974230.en</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Pinus+banksiana&rft.volume=2013&rft.pages=e.T42346A2974230&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42346A2974230.en&rft.au=Farjon%2C+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F42346%2F2974230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+pine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NatureServe-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NatureServe_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNatureServe2024" class="citation web cs1">NatureServe (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.137380/Pinus_banksiana">"<i>Pinus banksiana</i>"</a>. Arlington, Virginia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pinus+banksiana&rft.place=Arlington%2C+Virginia&rft.date=2024&rft.au=NatureServe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexplorer.natureserve.org%2FTaxon%2FELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.137380%2FPinus_banksiana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+pine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2563220">"<i>Pinus banksiana</i> Lamb."</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/World_Checklist_of_Selected_Plant_Families" title="World Checklist of Selected Plant Families">World Checklist of Selected Plant Families</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a> – via <a href="/wiki/The_Plant_List" title="The Plant List">The Plant List</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Checklist+of+Selected+Plant+Families&rft.atitle=Pinus+banksiana+Lamb%26%2346%3B&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theplantlist.org%2Ftpl1.1%2Frecord%2Fkew-2563220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+pine" class="Z3988"></span> Note that this website has been superseded by <a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">World Flora Online</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wcsp.science.kew.org/namedetail.do?name_id=379838">"Pinus divaricata"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/World_Checklist_of_Selected_Plant_Families" title="World Checklist of Selected Plant Families">World Checklist of Selected Plant Families</a> (WCSP)</i>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Checklist+of+Selected+Plant+Families+%28WCSP%29&rft.atitle=Pinus+divaricata&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwcsp.science.kew.org%2Fnamedetail.do%3Fname_id%3D379838&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+pine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/1116321-2">"<i>Pinus divaricata</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">International Plant Names Index</a> (IPNI)</i>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>; <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Herbaria" title="Harvard University Herbaria">Harvard University Herbaria</a> & <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Library" title="Harvard Library">Libraries</a>; <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_Botanic_Gardens" title="Australian National Botanic Gardens">Australian National Botanic Gardens</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Plant+Names+Index+%28IPNI%29&rft.atitle=%3Ci%3EPinus+divaricata%3C%2Fi%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipni.org%2Fn%2F1116321-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+pine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NBHoA-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NBHoA_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NBHoA_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNew_Brunswick_House_of_Assembly1847" class="citation book cs1">New Brunswick House of Assembly (1847). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/reportsrelating00brungoog"><i>Reports Relating to the Project of Constructing a Railway and a Line of Electro-magnetic Telegraph Through the Province of New Brunswick from Halifax to Quebec</i></a>. J. Simpson.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reports+Relating+to+the+Project+of+Constructing+a+Railway+and+a+Line+of+Electro-magnetic+Telegraph+Through+the+Province+of+New+Brunswick+from+Halifax+to+Quebec&rft.pub=J.+Simpson&rft.date=1847&rft.au=New+Brunswick+House+of+Assembly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freportsrelating00brungoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+pine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Silvics-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Silvics_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurns1990" class="citation cs1">Burns, R.M. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/misc/ag_654/volume_1/pinus/banksiana.htm">"<i>Pinus banksiana</i>"</a>. In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/misc/ag_654/volume_1/vol1_table_of_contents.htm"><i>Conifers</i></a>. <i>Silvics of North America</i>. Vol. 1. <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Forest_Service" title="United States Forest Service">United States Forest Service</a> (USFS), <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a> (USDA) – via Southern Research Station.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Conifers&rft.btitle=Silvics+of+North+America&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=United+States+Forest+Service+%28USFS%29%2C+United+States+Department+of+Agriculture+%28USDA%29&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=R.M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.srs.fs.usda.gov%2Fpubs%2Fmisc%2Fag_654%2Fvolume_1%2Fpinus%2Fbanksiana.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+pine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrimm1962" class="citation book cs1">Grimm, William Carey (1962). <i>The Book Of Trees</i>. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: The Stackpole Company. p. 55.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+Of+Trees&rft.place=Harrisburg%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pages=55&rft.pub=The+Stackpole+Company&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Grimm&rft.aufirst=William+Carey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+pine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-anatomy-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-anatomy_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-anatomy_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120308131047/http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/TechSheets/SoftwoodNA/pdf_files/pinusbankmet.pdf">"Pinus banksiana Lamb"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Center for Wood Anatomy Research, Forest Products Library, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Forest_Service" title="United States Forest Service">United States Forest Service</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/TechSheets/SoftwoodNA/pdf_files/pinusbankmet.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2012-03-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-12-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pinus+banksiana+Lamb.&rft.pub=Center+for+Wood+Anatomy+Research%2C+Forest+Products+Library%2C+United+States+Forest+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fpl.fs.fed.us%2Fdocumnts%2FTechSheets%2FSoftwoodNA%2Fpdf_files%2Fpinusbankmet.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+pine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGauthierBergeronSimon1996" class="citation journal cs1">Gauthier, Sylvie; Bergeron, Yves; Simon, Jean-Pierre (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2261476">"Effects of Fire Regime on the Serotiny Level of Jack Pine"</a>. <i>Journal of Ecology</i>. <b>84</b> (4): 539–548. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2261476">10.2307/2261476</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-0477">0022-0477</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Ecology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Fire+Regime+on+the+Serotiny+Level+of+Jack+Pine&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=539-548&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2261476&rft.issn=0022-0477&rft.aulast=Gauthier&rft.aufirst=Sylvie&rft.au=Bergeron%2C+Yves&rft.au=Simon%2C+Jean-Pierre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2261476&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+pine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPelletierde_Lafontaine2023" class="citation journal cs1">Pelletier, Emmanuelle; de Lafontaine, Guillaume (February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajb2.16111">"Jack pine of all trades: Deciphering intraspecific variability of a key adaptive trait at the rear edge of a widespread fire‐embracing North American conifer"</a>. <i>American Journal of Botany</i>. <b>110</b> (2). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fajb2.16111">10.1002/ajb2.16111</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-9122">0002-9122</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Botany&rft.atitle=Jack+pine+of+all+trades%3A+Deciphering+intraspecific+variability+of+a+key+adaptive+trait+at+the+rear+edge+of+a+widespread+fire%E2%80%90embracing+North+American+conifer&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2023-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fajb2.16111&rft.issn=0002-9122&rft.aulast=Pelletier&rft.aufirst=Emmanuelle&rft.au=de+Lafontaine%2C+Guillaume&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1002%2Fajb2.16111&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+pine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConkeyKeiferLloyd1995" class="citation journal cs1">Conkey, Laura E.; Keifer, Mary Beth; Lloyd, Andrea H. (January 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/11956860.1995.11682281">"Disjunct jack pine ( Pinus banksiana Lamb.) structure and dynamics, Acadia National Park, Maine"</a>. <i>Écoscience</i>. <b>2</b> (2): 168–176. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F11956860.1995.11682281">10.1080/11956860.1995.11682281</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1195-6860">1195-6860</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%C3%89coscience&rft.atitle=Disjunct+jack+pine+%28+Pinus+banksiana+Lamb.%29+structure+and+dynamics%2C+Acadia+National+Park%2C+Maine&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=168-176&rft.date=1995-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F11956860.1995.11682281&rft.issn=1195-6860&rft.aulast=Conkey&rft.aufirst=Laura+E.&rft.au=Keifer%2C+Mary+Beth&rft.au=Lloyd%2C+Andrea+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F11956860.1995.11682281&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+pine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBartonGrenier2008" class="citation journal cs1">Barton, Andrew M.; Grenier, Daniel J. (April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/X07-176">"Dynamics of jack pine at the southern range boundary in downeast Maine"</a>. <i>Canadian Journal of Forest Research</i>. <b>38</b> (4): 733–743. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1139%2FX07-176">10.1139/X07-176</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0045-5067">0045-5067</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Forest+Research&rft.atitle=Dynamics+of+jack+pine+at+the+southern+range+boundary+in+downeast+Maine&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=733-743&rft.date=2008-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1139%2FX07-176&rft.issn=0045-5067&rft.aulast=Barton&rft.aufirst=Andrew+M.&rft.au=Grenier%2C+Daniel+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrcresearchpress.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1139%2FX07-176&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+pine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChunChoi2012" class="citation journal cs1">Chun, Young Moon; Choi, Young D. (October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioone.org/journals/the-american-midland-naturalist/volume-168/issue-2/0003-0031-168.2.408/Structure-Species-Composition-and-Soil-Characteristics-in-a-Chronosequence-of/10.1674/0003-0031-168.2.408.full">"Structure, Species Composition, and Soil Characteristics in a Chronosequence of Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) Stands on the Southern Shore of Lake Michigan"</a>. <i>The American Midland Naturalist</i>. <b>168</b> (2): 408–426. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1674%2F0003-0031-168.2.408">10.1674/0003-0031-168.2.408</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-0031">0003-0031</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Structure%2C+Species+Composition%2C+and+Soil+Characteristics+in+a+Chronosequence+of+Jack+Pine+%28Pinus+banksiana+Lamb.%29+Stands+on+the+Southern+Shore+of+Lake+Michigan&rft.volume=168&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=408-426&rft.date=2012-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1674%2F0003-0031-168.2.408&rft.issn=0003-0031&rft.aulast=Chun&rft.aufirst=Young+Moon&rft.au=Choi%2C+Young+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbioone.org%2Fjournals%2Fthe-american-midland-naturalist%2Fvolume-168%2Fissue-2%2F0003-0031-168.2.408%2FStructure-Species-Composition-and-Soil-Characteristics-in-a-Chronosequence-of%2F10.1674%2F0003-0031-168.2.408.full&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+pine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moore2008-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Moore2008_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMooreKershnerTuftsMathews2008" class="citation book cs1">Moore, Gerry; Kershner, Bruce; Tufts, Craig; Mathews, Daniel; <a href="/wiki/Gil_Nelson" title="Gil Nelson">Nelson, Gil</a>; Spellenberg, Richard; Thieret, John W.; Purinton, Terry; Block, Andrew (2008). <i>National Wildlife Federation Field Guide to Trees of North America</i>. New York: Sterling. p. 68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4027-3875-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4027-3875-3"><bdi>978-1-4027-3875-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=National+Wildlife+Federation+Field+Guide+to+Trees+of+North+America&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=Sterling&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4027-3875-3&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Gerry&rft.au=Kershner%2C+Bruce&rft.au=Tufts%2C+Craig&rft.au=Mathews%2C+Daniel&rft.au=Nelson%2C+Gil&rft.au=Spellenberg%2C+Richard&rft.au=Thieret%2C+John+W.&rft.au=Purinton%2C+Terry&rft.au=Block%2C+Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+pine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCameron1953" class="citation journal cs1">Cameron, H. (1953). "Melting Point of the Bonding Material in Lodgepole Pine and Jack Pine Cones". <i>Silviculture Leaflet</i> (86).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Silviculture+Leaflet&rft.atitle=Melting+Point+of+the+Bonding+Material+in+Lodgepole+Pine+and+Jack+Pine+Cones&rft.issue=86&rft.date=1953&rft.aulast=Cameron&rft.aufirst=H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+pine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWyseBrownHulme2019" class="citation journal cs1">Wyse, Sarah V; Brown, Jerusha E; Hulme, Philip E (2019-11-01). Zenni, Rafael D (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6900966">"Seed release by a serotinous pine in the absence of fire: implications for invasion into temperate regions"</a>. <i>AoB Plants</i>. <b>11</b> (6): plz077. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Faobpla%2Fplz077">10.1093/aobpla/plz077</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2041-2851">2041-2851</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6900966">6900966</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31844510">31844510</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AoB+Plants&rft.atitle=Seed+release+by+a+serotinous+pine+in+the+absence+of+fire%3A+implications+for+invasion+into+temperate+regions&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=plz077&rft.date=2019-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6900966%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=2041-2851&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31844510&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Faobpla%2Fplz077&rft.aulast=Wyse&rft.aufirst=Sarah+V&rft.au=Brown%2C+Jerusha+E&rft.au=Hulme%2C+Philip+E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6900966&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+pine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fws.gov/midwest/endangered/birds/kirtland/kiwamgmt.html">"USFWS: Managing the forest for the Kirtland's warbler"</a>. <i>www.fws.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-10-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fws.gov&rft.atitle=USFWS%3A+Managing+the+forest+for+the+Kirtland%27s+warbler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fws.gov%2Fmidwest%2Fendangered%2Fbirds%2Fkirtland%2Fkiwamgmt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+pine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eclectic-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eclectic_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eclectic_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eclectic_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Blouin, Glen. <i>An Eclectic Guide to Trees: east of the rockies</i>. 2001. Boston Mills Press, Erin, Ontario. pp 152-159.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Trees of Canada; Author John Laird Farrar</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_pine&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pinus_banksiana" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pinus banksiana">Pinus banksiana</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Pinus banksiana</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q806838" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q806838">Q806838</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pinus_banksiana" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Pinus banksiana">Pinus banksiana</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id2331">2331</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4J237">4J237</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/1033595">1033595</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/PIUBN">PIUBN</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/European_Nature_Information_System" class="mw-redirect" title="European Nature Information System">EUNIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/species/150574">150574</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">FEIS: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/database/feis/plants/tree/pinban/all.html">pinban</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200005326">200005326</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China_(series)" title="Flora of China (series)">FoC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200005326">200005326</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/5285533">5285533</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=28420">28420</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/58724">58724</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/262801-1">262801-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=11374888">11374888</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=183319">183319</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/42346">42346</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">MichiganFlora: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://michiganflora.net/species.aspx?id=1922">1922</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Botanical_Garden" title="Missouri Botanical Garden">MoBotPF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=284994">284994</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/NatureServe" title="NatureServe">NatureServe</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.137380/">2.137380</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nbn.org.uk/Taxa/NHMSYS0000461703">NHMSYS0000461703</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=3353">3353</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/1b604c77-e3a5-44be-92f1-e174fc4251c7">1b604c77-e3a5-44be-92f1-e174fc4251c7</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Plant_Conservation_Network" title="New Zealand Plant Conservation Network">NZPCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://nzpcn.org.nz/flora_details.aspx?ID=3063">3063</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/7192/">7192</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=1075733">1075733</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">PPE: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bladmineerders.nl/host-plants/plantae/spermatopsida/gymnosperma/coniferales/pinaceae/pinus/pinus-banksiana/">pinus-banksiana</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/The_Plant_List" title="The Plant List">Plant List</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2563220">kew-2563220</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service#Plants" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">PLANTS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/PIBA2">PIBA2</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A262801-1">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:262801-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Horticultural_Society" title="Royal Horticultural Society">RHS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/13057/wd/Details">13057</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/24900179">24900179</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">VASCAN: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.canadensys.net/vascan/taxon/7181">7181</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">WisFlora: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wisflora.herbarium.wisc.edu/taxa/index.php?taxon=4501">4501</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-0000482353">wfo-0000482353</a></span></span></li></ul> 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