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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flight_phases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Flight phases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flight_phases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_ICBMs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_ICBMs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Modern ICBMs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_ICBMs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specific_ICBMs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specific_ICBMs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Specific ICBMs</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Specific_ICBMs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Specific ICBMs subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Specific_ICBMs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Land-based_ICBMs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Land-based_ICBMs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Land-based ICBMs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Land-based_ICBMs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Submarine-launched_ICBMs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Submarine-launched_ICBMs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Submarine-launched ICBMs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Submarine-launched_ICBMs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Missile_defense" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Missile_defense"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Missile defense</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Missile_defense-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" 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role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 64 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AE_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="صاروخ باليستي عابر للقارات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صاروخ باليستي عابر للقارات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misil_bal%C3%ADsticu_intercontinental" title="Misil balísticu intercontinental – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Misil balísticu intercontinental" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qit%C9%99l%C9%99raras%C4%B1_ballistik_raketl%C9%99r" title="Qitələrarası ballistik raketlər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qitələrarası ballistik raketlər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%83%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="আন্তঃমহাদেশীয় নিক্ষেপী ক্ষেপণাস্ত্র – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আন্তঃমহাদেশীয় নিক্ষেপী ক্ষেপণাস্ত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Междуконтинентална балистична ракета – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Междуконтинентална балистична ракета" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ADssil_bal%C3%ADstic_intercontinental" title="Míssil balístic intercontinental – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Míssil balístic intercontinental" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezikontinent%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_balistick%C3%A1_raketa" title="Mezikontinentální balistická raketa – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mezikontinentální balistická raketa" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interkontinentalt_ballistisk_missil" title="Interkontinentalt ballistisk missil – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Interkontinentalt ballistisk missil" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interkontinentalrakete" title="Interkontinentalrakete – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Interkontinentalrakete" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandritevaheline_ballistiline_rakett" title="Mandritevaheline ballistiline rakett – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mandritevaheline ballistiline rakett" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B7%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%81%CF%89%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%B2%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%80%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Διηπειρωτικός βαλλιστικός πύραυλος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διηπειρωτικός βαλλιστικός πύραυλος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misil_bal%C3%ADstico_intercontinental" title="Misil balístico intercontinental – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Misil balístico intercontinental" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interkontinenta_balistika_misilo" title="Interkontinenta balistika misilo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Interkontinenta balistika misilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontinente_arteko_misil_balistiko" title="Kontinente arteko misil balistiko – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kontinente arteko misil balistiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B4%DA%A9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7" title="موشک بالستیک قاره‌پیما – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موشک بالستیک قاره‌پیما" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missile_balistique_intercontinental" title="Missile balistique intercontinental – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Missile balistique intercontinental" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%BArac%C3%A1n_balaist%C3%ADoch_idirilchr%C3%ADochach" title="Diúracán balaistíoch idirilchríochach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Diúracán balaistíoch idirilchríochach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EB%A5%99%EA%B0%84_%ED%83%84%EB%8F%84_%EB%AF%B8%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%BC" title="대륙간 탄도 미사일 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="대륙간 탄도 미사일" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%80%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D6%80%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%BC" title="Միջմայրցամաքային հրթիռ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Միջմայրցամաքային հրթիռ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="अन्तरमहाद्वीपीय प्राक्षेपिक प्रक्षेपास्त्र – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अन्तरमहाद्वीपीय प्राक्षेपिक प्रक्षेपास्त्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interkontinentalni_balisti%C4%8Dki_projektili" title="Interkontinentalni balistički projektili – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Interkontinentalni balistički projektili" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peluru_kendali_balistik_antarbenua" title="Peluru kendali balistik antarbenua – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Peluru kendali balistik antarbenua" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umjukujelwa_we-Intercontinental_ballistic" title="Umjukujelwa we-Intercontinental ballistic – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Umjukujelwa we-Intercontinental ballistic" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missile_balistico_intercontinentale" title="Missile balistico intercontinentale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Missile balistico intercontinentale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9F-%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%99" title="טיל בליסטי בין-יבשתי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טיל בליסטי בין-יבשתי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90" title="საკონტინენტთაშორისო ბალისტიკური რაკეტა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="საკონტინენტთაშორისო ბალისტიკური რაკეტა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D2%B1%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Құрлықаралық баллистикалық ракета – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Құрлықаралық баллистикалық ракета" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICBM" title="ICBM – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="ICBM" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzeya_bal%C3%AEst%C3%AEk_a_navparzem%C3%AEn%C3%AE" title="Fuzeya balîstîk a navparzemînî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Fuzeya balîstîk a navparzemînî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICBM" title="ICBM – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="ICBM" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starpkontinent%C4%81l%C4%81_ballistisk%C4%81_ra%C4%B7ete" title="Starpkontinentālā ballistiskā raķete – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Starpkontinentālā ballistiskā raķete" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarp%C5%BEemynin%C4%97_balistin%C4%97_raketa" title="Tarpžemyninė balistinė raketa – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tarpžemyninė balistinė raketa" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%93%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Меѓуконтинентална балистичка ракета – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Меѓуконтинентална балистичка ракета" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peluru_berpandu_balistik_antara_benua" title="Peluru berpandu balistik antara benua – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Peluru berpandu balistik antara benua" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%92%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B6" title="တိုက်ချင်းပစ် ဒုံးပျံ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တိုက်ချင်းပစ် ဒုံးပျံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercontinentale_raket" title="Intercontinentale raket – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Intercontinentale raket" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E9%96%93%E5%BC%BE%E9%81%93%E3%83%9F%E3%82%B5%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB" title="大陸間弾道ミサイル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="大陸間弾道ミサイル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interkontinentalt_ballistisk_missil" title="Interkontinentalt ballistisk missil – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Interkontinentalt ballistisk missil" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interkontinentalt_ballistisk_missil" title="Interkontinentalt ballistisk missil – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Interkontinentalt ballistisk missil" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missil_balistic_intercontinentau" title="Missil balistic intercontinentau – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Missil balistic intercontinentau" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qit%CA%BCalararo_ballistik_raketa" title="Qitʼalararo ballistik raketa – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qitʼalararo ballistik raketa" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C4%99dzykontynentalny_pocisk_balistyczny" title="Międzykontynentalny pocisk balistyczny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Międzykontynentalny pocisk balistyczny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ADssil_bal%C3%ADstico_intercontinental" title="Míssil balístico intercontinental – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Míssil balístico intercontinental" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachet%C4%83_balistic%C4%83_intercontinental%C4%83" title="Rachetă balistică intercontinentală – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rachetă balistică intercontinentală" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Межконтинентальная баллистическая ракета – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Межконтинентальная баллистическая ракета" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raketa_balistike_nd%C3%ABrkontinentale" title="Raketa balistike ndërkontinentale – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Raketa balistike ndërkontinentale" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercontinental_ballistic_missile" title="Intercontinental ballistic missile – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Intercontinental ballistic missile" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medzikontinent%C3%A1lna_balistick%C3%A1_raketa" title="Medzikontinentálna balistická raketa – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Medzikontinentálna balistická raketa" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medcelinska_balisti%C4%8Dna_raketa" title="Medcelinska balistična raketa – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Medcelinska balistična raketa" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Интерконтинентална балистичка ракета – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Интерконтинентална балистичка ракета" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interkontinentalna_balisti%C4%8Dka_raketa" title="Interkontinentalna balistička raketa – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Interkontinentalna balistička raketa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannertenv%C3%A4linen_ballistinen_ohjus" title="Mannertenvälinen ballistinen ohjus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mannertenvälinen ballistinen ohjus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interkontinental_ballistisk_robot" title="Interkontinental ballistisk robot – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Interkontinental ballistisk robot" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%8F%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88" title="கண்டம் விட்டு கண்டம் பாயும் ஏவுகணை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கண்டம் விட்டு கண்டம் பாயும் ஏவுகணை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">Ballistic missile with a range of more than 5,500 kilometres</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"ICBM" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/ICBM_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="ICBM (disambiguation)">ICBM (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%C2%AB%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%9C%C2%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA.webm/220px--%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%C2%AB%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%9C%C2%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="67" data-mwtitle="Испытательный_пуск_ракеты_«Тополь-М»_на_космодроме_Плесецк.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%C2%AB%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%9C%C2%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%C2%AB%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%9C%C2%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA.webm/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%C2%AB%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%9C%C2%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; 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codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Topol-M" class="mw-redirect" title="Topol-M">Topol-M</a> launch from silo</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Minuteman_GT_245_Operational_Test_Launch_-_LF-10_Vandenberg_Space_Force_Base_CA_-_9_Feb_2023.webm/220px--Minuteman_GT_245_Operational_Test_Launch_-_LF-10_Vandenberg_Space_Force_Base_CA_-_9_Feb_2023.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="75" data-mwtitle="Minuteman_GT_245_Operational_Test_Launch_-_LF-10_Vandenberg_Space_Force_Base_CA_-_9_Feb_2023.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Minuteman_GT_245_Operational_Test_Launch_-_LF-10_Vandenberg_Space_Force_Base_CA_-_9_Feb_2023.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/Minuteman_GT_245_Operational_Test_Launch_-_LF-10_Vandenberg_Space_Force_Base_CA_-_9_Feb_2023.webm/Minuteman_GT_245_Operational_Test_Launch_-_LF-10_Vandenberg_Space_Force_Base_CA_-_9_Feb_2023.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Minuteman_GT_245_Operational_Test_Launch_-_LF-10_Vandenberg_Space_Force_Base_CA_-_9_Feb_2023.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1024" data-height="576" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/Minuteman_GT_245_Operational_Test_Launch_-_LF-10_Vandenberg_Space_Force_Base_CA_-_9_Feb_2023.webm/Minuteman_GT_245_Operational_Test_Launch_-_LF-10_Vandenberg_Space_Force_Base_CA_-_9_Feb_2023.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/Minuteman_GT_245_Operational_Test_Launch_-_LF-10_Vandenberg_Space_Force_Base_CA_-_9_Feb_2023.webm/Minuteman_GT_245_Operational_Test_Launch_-_LF-10_Vandenberg_Space_Force_Base_CA_-_9_Feb_2023.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/Minuteman_GT_245_Operational_Test_Launch_-_LF-10_Vandenberg_Space_Force_Base_CA_-_9_Feb_2023.webm/Minuteman_GT_245_Operational_Test_Launch_-_LF-10_Vandenberg_Space_Force_Base_CA_-_9_Feb_2023.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/Minuteman_GT_245_Operational_Test_Launch_-_LF-10_Vandenberg_Space_Force_Base_CA_-_9_Feb_2023.webm/Minuteman_GT_245_Operational_Test_Launch_-_LF-10_Vandenberg_Space_Force_Base_CA_-_9_Feb_2023.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Minuteman III launch from <a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_Space_Force_Base" title="Vandenberg Space Force Base">Vandenberg Space Force Base</a>, California, United States of America on 9 February 2023.</figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>intercontinental ballistic missile</b> (<b>ICBM</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Ballistic_missile" title="Ballistic missile">ballistic missile</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Range_(aeronautics)" title="Range (aeronautics)">range</a> greater than 5,500 kilometres (3,400 mi),<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> primarily designed for <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_delivery" title="Nuclear weapons delivery">nuclear weapons delivery</a> (delivering one or more <a href="/wiki/Thermonuclear_weapon" title="Thermonuclear weapon">thermonuclear warheads</a>). <a href="/wiki/Conventional_weapon" title="Conventional weapon">Conventional</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chemical_weapon" title="Chemical weapon">chemical</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Biological_agent" title="Biological agent">biological</a> weapons can also be delivered with varying effectiveness, but have never been deployed on ICBMs. Most modern designs support <a href="/wiki/Multiple_independently_targetable_reentry_vehicle" title="Multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle">multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle</a> (MIRVs), allowing a single missile to carry several warheads, each of which can strike a different target. The <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_of_the_United_States" title="Nuclear weapons of the United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Russia and weapons of mass destruction">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/China_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="China and weapons of mass destruction">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/France_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="France and weapons of mass destruction">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/India_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="India and weapons of mass destruction">India</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="United Kingdom and weapons of mass destruction">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_and_Israel" title="Nuclear weapons and Israel">Israel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/North_Korea_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="North Korea and weapons of mass destruction">North Korea</a> are the only countries known to have operational ICBMs. <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction">Pakistan</a> is the only nuclear-armed state that does not possess ICBMs. </p><p>Early ICBMs had <a href="/wiki/Circular_error_probable" title="Circular error probable">limited precision</a>, which made them suitable for use only <a href="/wiki/Countervalue" title="Countervalue">against the largest targets</a>, such as cities. They were seen as a "safe" basing option, one that would keep the deterrent force close to home where it would be difficult to attack. <a href="/wiki/Counterforce" title="Counterforce">Attacks against military targets</a> (especially hardened ones) demanded the use of a more precise, crewed <a href="/wiki/Bomber" title="Bomber">bomber</a>. Second- and third-generation designs (such as the <a href="/wiki/LGM-118_Peacekeeper" title="LGM-118 Peacekeeper">LGM-118 Peacekeeper</a>) dramatically improved accuracy to the point where even the smallest point targets can be successfully attacked. </p><p>ICBMs are differentiated by having greater range and speed than other ballistic missiles: <a href="/wiki/Intermediate-range_ballistic_missile" title="Intermediate-range ballistic missile">intermediate-range ballistic missiles</a> (IRBMs), <a href="/wiki/Medium-range_ballistic_missile" title="Medium-range ballistic missile">medium-range ballistic missiles</a> (MRBMs), <a href="/wiki/Short-range_ballistic_missile" title="Short-range ballistic missile">short-range ballistic missiles</a> (SRBMs) and <a href="/wiki/Tactical_ballistic_missile" title="Tactical ballistic missile">tactical ballistic missiles</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercontinental_ballistic_missile&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercontinental_ballistic_missile&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:R-7_(7A)_misil.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/R-7_%287A%29_misil.svg/170px-R-7_%287A%29_misil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="419" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/R-7_%287A%29_misil.svg/255px-R-7_%287A%29_misil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/R-7_%287A%29_misil.svg/340px-R-7_%287A%29_misil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="1332" /></a><figcaption>Primary views of an <a href="/wiki/R-7_Semyorka" title="R-7 Semyorka">R-7 Semyorka</a>, the world's first ICBM and satellite launch vehicle</figcaption></figure> <p>The first practical design for an ICBM grew out of <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>'s <a href="/wiki/V-2_rocket" title="V-2 rocket">V-2 rocket</a> program. The liquid-fueled V-2, designed by <a href="/wiki/Wernher_von_Braun" title="Wernher von Braun">Wernher von Braun</a> and his team, was then widely used by Nazi Germany from mid-1944 until March 1945 to bomb British and Belgian cities, particularly Antwerp and London. </p><p>Under <i>Projekt Amerika,</i> von Braun's team developed the <a href="/wiki/Aggregate_(rocket_family)#A9/A10" class="mw-redirect" title="Aggregate (rocket family)">A9/10</a> ICBM, intended for use in bombing New York and other American cities. Initially intended to be guided by radio, it was changed to be a piloted craft after the failure of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Elster" title="Operation Elster">Operation Elster</a>. The second stage of the A9/A10 rocket was tested a few times in January and February 1945. </p><p>After the war, the US executed <a href="/wiki/Operation_Paperclip" title="Operation Paperclip">Operation Paperclip</a>, which took von Braun and hundreds of other leading Nazi scientists to the United States to develop <a href="/wiki/IRBM" class="mw-redirect" title="IRBM">IRBMs</a>, ICBMs, and <a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">launchers</a> for the US Army. </p><p>This technology was predicted by US General of the Army <a href="/wiki/Hap_Arnold" class="mw-redirect" title="Hap Arnold">Hap Arnold</a>, who wrote in 1943: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p> Someday, not too distant, there can come streaking out of somewhere – we won't be able to hear it, it will come so fast – some kind of gadget with an explosive so powerful that one projectile will be able to wipe out completely this city of Washington.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cold_War">Cold War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercontinental_ballistic_missile&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cold War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After World War II, the Americans and the Soviets started rocket research programs based on the V-2 and other German wartime designs. Each branch of the US military started its own programs, leading to considerable duplication of effort. In the Soviet Union, rocket research was centrally organized although several teams worked on different designs. </p><p>The US initiated ICBM research in 1946 with the <a href="/wiki/RTV-A-2_Hiroc" title="RTV-A-2 Hiroc">RTV-A-2 Hiroc</a> project. This was a three-stage effort with the ICBM development not starting until the third stage. However, funding was cut in 1948 after only three partially successful launches of the second stage design, that was used to test variations of the V-2 design. With overwhelming air superiority and truly intercontinental bombers, the newly formed <a href="/wiki/US_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="US Air Force">US Air Force</a> did not take the problem of ICBM development seriously. Things changed in 1953 with the Soviet testing of <a href="/wiki/Joe_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Joe 4">their first</a> <a href="/wiki/Thermonuclear_weapon" title="Thermonuclear weapon">thermonuclear weapon</a>, but it was not until 1954 that the <a href="/wiki/SM-65_Atlas" title="SM-65 Atlas">Atlas missile</a> program was given the highest national priority. The Atlas A first flew on 11 June 1957; the flight lasted only about 24 seconds before the rocket exploded. The first successful flight of an Atlas missile to full range occurred 28 November 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first armed version of the Atlas, the Atlas D, was declared operational in January 1959 at Vandenberg, although it had not yet flown. The first test flight was carried out on 9 July 1959,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the missile was accepted for service on 1 September. The <a href="/wiki/HGM-25A_Titan_I" title="HGM-25A Titan I">Titan I</a> was another US multistage ICBM, with a successful launch February 5, 1959, with Titan I A3. Unlike the Atlas, the Titan I was a two-stage missile, rather than three. The Titan was larger, yet lighter, than the Atlas. Due to the improvements in engine technology and guidance systems the Titan I overtook the Atlas.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlas-B_ICBM.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Atlas-B_ICBM.jpg/170px-Atlas-B_ICBM.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Atlas-B_ICBM.jpg/255px-Atlas-B_ICBM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Atlas-B_ICBM.jpg/340px-Atlas-B_ICBM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="482" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/SM-65_Atlas" title="SM-65 Atlas">SM-65 Atlas</a>, the first US ICBM, first launched in 1957</figcaption></figure> <p>In the Soviet Union, early development was focused on missiles able to attack European targets. That changed in 1953, when <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Korolyov" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergei Korolyov">Sergei Korolyov</a> was directed to start development of a true ICBM able to deliver newly developed hydrogen bombs. Given steady funding throughout, the <a href="/wiki/R-7_Semyorka" title="R-7 Semyorka">R-7</a> developed with some speed. The first launch took place on 15 May 1957 and led to an unintended crash 400 km (250 mi) from the site. The first successful test followed on 21 August 1957; the R-7 flew over 6,000 km (3,700 mi) and became the world's first ICBM.<sup id="cite_ref-FirstICBM_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FirstICBM-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first strategic-missile unit became operational on 9 February 1959 at <a href="/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome" title="Plesetsk Cosmodrome">Plesetsk</a> in north-west Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was the same <a href="/wiki/R-7_Semyorka" title="R-7 Semyorka">R-7</a> <a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">launch vehicle</a> that placed the first artificial satellite in space, <a href="/wiki/Sputnik_1" title="Sputnik 1">Sputnik</a>, on 4 October 1957. The first <a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight" title="Human spaceflight">human spaceflight</a> in history was accomplished on a derivative of R-7, <a href="/wiki/Vostok_(rocket_family)" title="Vostok (rocket family)">Vostok</a>, on <a href="/wiki/Cosmonautics_Day" title="Cosmonautics Day">12 April 1961</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> <a href="/wiki/Cosmonaut" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmonaut">cosmonaut</a> <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Gagarin" title="Yuri Gagarin">Yuri Gagarin</a>. A heavily modernized version of the R-7 is still used as the <a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">launch vehicle</a> for the Soviet/Russian <a href="/wiki/Soyuz_(spacecraft)" title="Soyuz (spacecraft)">Soyuz spacecraft</a>, marking more than 60 years of operational history of <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Korolyov" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergei Korolyov">Sergei Korolyov</a>'s original rocket design. </p><p>The R-7 and Atlas each required a large launch facility, making them vulnerable to attack, and could not be kept in a ready state. Failure rates were very high throughout the early years of ICBM technology. Human spaceflight programs (<a href="/wiki/Vostok_programme" title="Vostok programme">Vostok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Project_Mercury" title="Project Mercury">Mercury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voskhod_programme" title="Voskhod programme">Voskhod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Project_Gemini" title="Project Gemini">Gemini</a>, etc.) served as a highly visible means of demonstrating confidence in reliability, with successes translating directly to national defense implications. The US was well behind the Soviets in the <a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a> and so US President <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> increased the stakes with the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo program</a>, which used <a href="/wiki/Saturn_(rocket_family)" title="Saturn (rocket family)">Saturn rocket</a> technology that had been funded by President <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USAF_ICBM_and_NASA_Launch_Vehicle_Flight_Test_Successes_and_Failures_(highlighted).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/USAF_ICBM_and_NASA_Launch_Vehicle_Flight_Test_Successes_and_Failures_%28highlighted%29.png/330px-USAF_ICBM_and_NASA_Launch_Vehicle_Flight_Test_Successes_and_Failures_%28highlighted%29.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/USAF_ICBM_and_NASA_Launch_Vehicle_Flight_Test_Successes_and_Failures_%28highlighted%29.png/495px-USAF_ICBM_and_NASA_Launch_Vehicle_Flight_Test_Successes_and_Failures_%28highlighted%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/USAF_ICBM_and_NASA_Launch_Vehicle_Flight_Test_Successes_and_Failures_%28highlighted%29.png/660px-USAF_ICBM_and_NASA_Launch_Vehicle_Flight_Test_Successes_and_Failures_%28highlighted%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2571" data-file-height="1295" /></a><figcaption>1965 graph of USAF <a href="/wiki/SM-65_Atlas" title="SM-65 Atlas">Atlas</a> and Titan ICBM launches, cumulative by month with failures highlighted (pink), showing how <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>'s use of ICBM boosters for Projects Mercury and Gemini (blue) served as a visible demonstration of reliability at a time when failure rates had been substantial.</figcaption></figure> <p>These early ICBMs also formed the basis of many space launch systems. Examples include <a href="/wiki/R-7_(rocket_family)" title="R-7 (rocket family)">R-7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atlas_(rocket_family)" title="Atlas (rocket family)">Atlas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Redstone_(rocket_family)" title="Redstone (rocket family)">Redstone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Titan_(rocket_family)" title="Titan (rocket family)">Titan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Proton_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Proton (rocket)">Proton</a>, which was derived from the earlier ICBMs but never deployed as an ICBM. The Eisenhower administration supported the development of solid-fueled missiles such as the <a href="/wiki/LGM-30_Minuteman" title="LGM-30 Minuteman">LGM-30 Minuteman</a>, <a href="/wiki/UGM-27_Polaris" title="UGM-27 Polaris">Polaris</a> and <a href="/wiki/GAM-87_Skybolt" title="GAM-87 Skybolt">Skybolt</a>. Modern ICBMs tend to be smaller than their ancestors, due to increased accuracy and smaller and lighter warheads, and use solid fuels, making them less useful as orbital launch vehicles. </p><p>The Western view of the deployment of these systems was governed by the strategic theory of <a href="/wiki/Mutual_assured_destruction" title="Mutual assured destruction">mutual assured destruction</a>. In the 1950s and 1960s, development began on <a href="/wiki/Anti-ballistic_missile" title="Anti-ballistic missile">anti-ballistic missile</a> systems by both the Americans and Soviets. Such systems were restricted by the 1972 <a href="/wiki/Anti-Ballistic_Missile_Treaty" title="Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty">Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty</a>. The first successful ABM test was conducted by the Soviets in 1961, which later deployed a fully operational system defending Moscow in the 1970s (see <a href="/wiki/Anti-ballistic_missile#Moscow_ABM_system" title="Anti-ballistic missile">Moscow ABM system</a>). </p><p>The 1972 <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Arms_Limitation_Talks" title="Strategic Arms Limitation Talks">SALT</a> treaty froze the number of ICBM launchers of both the Americans and the Soviets at existing levels and allowed new <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarine</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Submarine-launched_ballistic_missile" title="Submarine-launched ballistic missile">SLBM</a> launchers only if an equal number of land-based ICBM launchers were dismantled. Subsequent talks, called SALT II, were held from 1972 to 1979 and actually reduced the number of nuclear warheads held by the US and Soviets. SALT II was never ratified by the <a href="/wiki/US_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="US Senate">US Senate</a>, but its terms were honored by both sides until 1986, when the Reagan administration "withdrew" after it had accused the Soviets of violating the pact. </p><p>In the 1980s, President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> launched the <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Defense_Initiative" title="Strategic Defense Initiative">Strategic Defense Initiative</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/LGM-118_Peacekeeper" title="LGM-118 Peacekeeper">MX</a> and <a href="/wiki/MGM-134_Midgetman" title="MGM-134 Midgetman">Midgetman</a> ICBM programs. </p><p>China developed a minimal independent nuclear deterrent entering its own cold war after an <a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_split" title="Sino-Soviet split">ideological split</a> with the Soviet Union beginning in the early 1960s. After first testing a domestic built <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">nuclear weapon</a> in 1964, it went on to develop various warheads and missiles. Beginning in the early 1970s, the liquid fuelled <a href="/wiki/DF-5" title="DF-5">DF-5</a> ICBM was developed and used as a satellite launch vehicle in 1975. The DF-5, with a range of 10,000 to 12,000 km (6,200 to 7,500 mi)—long enough to strike the Western United States and the Soviet Union—was silo deployed, with the first pair in service by 1981 and possibly twenty missiles in service by the late 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-fas.org_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fas.org-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> China also deployed the <a href="/wiki/JL-1" title="JL-1">JL-1</a> <a href="/wiki/Medium-range_ballistic_missile" title="Medium-range ballistic missile">Medium-range ballistic missile</a> with a reach of 1,700 kilometres (1,100 mi) aboard the ultimately unsuccessful <a href="/wiki/Type_092_submarine" title="Type 092 submarine">Type 092 submarine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post–Cold_War"><span id="Post.E2.80.93Cold_War"></span>Post–Cold War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercontinental_ballistic_missile&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Post–Cold War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Icbm-hist-en.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Icbm-hist-en.png/290px-Icbm-hist-en.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Icbm-hist-en.png/435px-Icbm-hist-en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Icbm-hist-en.png/580px-Icbm-hist-en.png 2x" data-file-width="3847" data-file-height="4115" /></a><figcaption>Deployment history of land-based ICBM, 1959–2014</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1991, the United States and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> agreed in the <a href="/wiki/START_I" title="START I">START I</a> treaty to reduce their deployed ICBMs and attributed warheads. </p><p>As of 2016<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intercontinental_ballistic_missile&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, all five of the nations with permanent seats on the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> have fully operational long-range ballistic missile systems; Russia, the United States, and China also have land-based ICBMs (the US missiles are silo-based, while China and Russia have both silo and road-mobile (<a href="/wiki/DF-31" title="DF-31">DF-31</a>, <a href="/wiki/RT-2PM2_Topol-M" title="RT-2PM2 Topol-M">RT-2PM2 Topol-M</a> missiles). </p><p>Israel is believed to have deployed a road mobile nuclear ICBM, the <a href="/wiki/Jericho_(missile)#Jericho_III" title="Jericho (missile)">Jericho III</a>, which entered service in 2008; an upgraded version is in development.<sup id="cite_ref-CRS-RL30427_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRS-RL30427-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pfeffer1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pfeffer1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> successfully test fired <a href="/wiki/Agni-V" title="Agni-V">Agni V</a>, with a strike range of more than 5,000 km (3,100 mi) on 19 April 2012, claiming entry into the ICBM club.<sup id="cite_ref-thehindu.com_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thehindu.com-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The missile's actual range is speculated by foreign researchers to be up to 8,000 km (5,000 mi) with India having downplayed its capabilities to avoid causing concern to other countries.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 15 December 2022, first night trial of Agni-V was successfully carried out by SFC from Abdul Kalam Island, Odisha. The missile is now 20 percent lighter because the use of composite materials rather than steel material. The range has been increased to 7,000 km.<sup id="cite_ref-aninews.in_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aninews.in-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 2012 there was speculation by some <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_agency" title="Intelligence agency">intelligence agencies</a> that <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a> is developing an ICBM.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> North Korea successfully put a <a href="/wiki/Kwangmy%C5%8Fngs%C5%8Fng-3_Unit_2" title="Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3 Unit 2">satellite</a> into space on 12 December 2012 using the 32-metre-tall (105 ft) <a href="/wiki/Unha-3" class="mw-redirect" title="Unha-3">Unha-3</a> rocket. The United States claimed that the launch was in fact a way to test an ICBM.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (See <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_first_orbital_launches_by_country" title="Timeline of first orbital launches by country">Timeline of first orbital launches by country</a>.) In early July 2017, North Korea claimed for the first time to have tested successfully an ICBM capable of carrying a large thermonuclear warhead. </p><p>In July 2014, China announced the development of its newest generation of ICBM, the Dongfeng-41 (<a href="/wiki/DF-41" title="DF-41">DF-41</a>), which has a range of 12,000 kilometres (7,500 miles), capable of reaching the United States, and which analysts believe is capable of being outfitted with <a href="/wiki/Multiple_independently_targetable_reentry_vehicle" title="Multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle">MIRV</a> technology.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most countries in the early stages of developing ICBMs have used liquid propellants, with the known exceptions being the <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a> <a href="/wiki/Agni-V" title="Agni-V">Agni-V</a>, the planned but cancelled<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> South African RSA-4 ICBM, and the now in service Israeli <a href="/wiki/Jericho_missile#Jericho_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Jericho missile">Jericho III</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/RS-28_Sarmat" title="RS-28 Sarmat">RS-28 Sarmat</a><sup id="cite_ref-RS28_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RS28-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Russian: РС-28 Сармат; <a href="/wiki/NATO_reporting_name" title="NATO reporting name">NATO reporting name</a>: SATAN 2), is a Russian <a href="/wiki/Liquid-propellant_rocket" title="Liquid-propellant rocket">liquid-fueled</a>, <a href="/wiki/Multiple_independently_targetable_reentry_vehicle" title="Multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle">MIRV</a>-equipped, <a href="/wiki/Heavy_ICBM" title="Heavy ICBM">super-heavy</a> <a href="/wiki/Thermonuclear_weapon" title="Thermonuclear weapon">thermonuclear</a> armed intercontinental ballistic missile in development by the <a href="/wiki/Makeyev_Rocket_Design_Bureau" title="Makeyev Rocket Design Bureau">Makeyev Rocket Design Bureau</a><sup id="cite_ref-RS28_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RS28-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from 2009,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> intended to replace the previous <a href="/wiki/R-36_(missile)" title="R-36 (missile)">R-36 missile</a>. Its large payload would allow for up to 10 heavy <a href="/wiki/Warhead" title="Warhead">warheads</a> or 15 lighter ones or up to 24 hypersonic glide vehicles <a href="/wiki/Yu-74" class="mw-redirect" title="Yu-74">Yu-74</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or a combination of warheads and massive amounts of <a href="/wiki/Countermeasure" title="Countermeasure">countermeasures</a> designed to defeat <a href="/wiki/Missile_defense" title="Missile defense">anti-missile systems</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was announced by the Russian military as a response to the US <a href="/wiki/Prompt_Global_Strike" class="mw-redirect" title="Prompt Global Strike">Prompt Global Strike</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-invuln_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-invuln-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2023, North Korea fired a suspected intercontinental ballistic missile that landed short of Japanese waters. The launch follows North Korea's threat to retaliate against the US for alleged spy plane incursions.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flight_phases">Flight phases</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercontinental_ballistic_missile&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Flight phases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following flight phases can be distinguished:<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Boost_phase" class="mw-redirect" title="Boost phase">Boost phase</a>, which can last from 3 to 5 minutes. It is shorter for a <a href="/wiki/Solid-fuel_rocket" class="mw-redirect" title="Solid-fuel rocket">solid-fuel rocket</a> than for a <a href="/wiki/Liquid-propellant_rocket" title="Liquid-propellant rocket">liquid-propellant rocket</a>. Depending on the trajectory chosen, typical burnout speed is 4 km/s (2.5 mi/s), up to 7.8 km/s (4.8 mi/s). The altitude of the missile at the end of this phase is typically 150 to 400 km (93 to 249 mi).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Midcourse_phase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Midcourse phase (page does not exist)">Midcourse phase</a>, which lasts approx. 25 minutes, is <a href="/wiki/Sub-orbital_spaceflight" title="Sub-orbital spaceflight">sub-orbital spaceflight</a> with the flightpath being a part of an <a href="/wiki/Ellipse" title="Ellipse">ellipse</a> with a vertical major axis. The <a href="/wiki/Apogee" class="mw-redirect" title="Apogee">apogee</a> (halfway through the midcourse phase) is at an altitude of approximately 1,200 km (750 mi). The <a href="/wiki/Semi-major_axis" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-major axis">semi-major axis</a> is between 3,186 and 6,372 km (1,980 and 3,959 mi) and the projection of the flightpath on the Earth's surface is close to a <a href="/wiki/Great_circle" title="Great circle">great circle</a>, though slightly displaced due to earth rotation during the time of flight. In this phase, the missile may release several independent warheads and <a href="/wiki/Penetration_aid" title="Penetration aid">penetration aids</a>, such as metallic-coated balloons, aluminum <a href="/wiki/Chaff_(radar_countermeasure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaff (radar countermeasure)">chaff</a>, and full-scale warhead <a href="/wiki/Decoy" title="Decoy">decoys</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_reentry" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmospheric reentry">Reentry</a>/Terminal phase, which lasts two minutes starting at an altitude of 100 km; 62 mi. At the end of this phase, the missile's payload will impact the target, with impact at a speed of up to 7 km/s (4.3 mi/s) (for early ICBMs less than 1 km/s (0.62 mi/s)); see also <a href="/wiki/Maneuverable_reentry_vehicle" title="Maneuverable reentry vehicle">maneuverable reentry vehicle</a>.</li></ol> <p>ICBMs usually use the trajectory which optimizes range for a given amount of payload (the <i>minimum-energy trajectory</i>); an alternative is a <a href="/wiki/Depressed_trajectory" class="mw-redirect" title="Depressed trajectory">depressed trajectory</a>, which allows less payload, shorter flight time, and has a much lower apogee.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_ICBMs">Modern ICBMs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercontinental_ballistic_missile&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Modern ICBMs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Intercontinental_ballistic_missile" title="Special:EditPage/Intercontinental ballistic missile">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TridentMissileSystem.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/TridentMissileSystem.png/220px-TridentMissileSystem.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/TridentMissileSystem.png/330px-TridentMissileSystem.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/TridentMissileSystem.png/440px-TridentMissileSystem.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3200" /></a><figcaption>Schematic view of a submarine-launched <a href="/wiki/UGM-133_Trident_II" title="UGM-133 Trident II">Trident II</a> D5 nuclear missile system, capable of carrying multiple nuclear warheads up to 8,000 km (5,000 mi)</figcaption></figure> <p>Modern ICBMs typically carry <a href="/wiki/Multiple_independently_targetable_reentry_vehicle" title="Multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle">multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles</a> (<i>MIRVs</i>), each of which carries a separate <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">nuclear</a> <a href="/wiki/Warhead" title="Warhead">warhead</a>, allowing a single missile to hit multiple targets. MIRV was an outgrowth of the rapidly shrinking size and weight of modern warheads and the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaties (<a href="/wiki/SALT_I" class="mw-redirect" title="SALT I">SALT I</a> and <a href="/wiki/SALT_II" class="mw-redirect" title="SALT II">SALT II</a>), which imposed limitations on the number of launch vehicles. It has also proved to be an "easy answer" to proposed deployments of <a href="/wiki/Anti-ballistic_missile" title="Anti-ballistic missile">anti-ballistic missile</a> (ABM) systems: It is far less expensive to add more warheads to an existing missile system than to build an ABM system capable of shooting down the additional warheads; hence, most ABM system proposals have been judged to be impractical. The first operational ABM systems were deployed in the United States during the 1970s. The <a href="/wiki/Safeguard_Program" title="Safeguard Program">Safeguard ABM</a> facility, located in North Dakota, was operational from 1975 to 1976. The Soviets deployed their <a href="/wiki/ABM-1_Galosh" title="ABM-1 Galosh">ABM-1 Galosh</a> system around Moscow in the 1970s, which remains in service. Israel deployed a national ABM system based on the <a href="/wiki/Arrow_(Israeli_missile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrow (Israeli missile)">Arrow missile</a> in 1998,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it is mainly designed to intercept shorter-ranged theater ballistic missiles, not ICBMs. The Alaska-based <a href="/wiki/United_States_national_missile_defense" title="United States national missile defense">United States national missile defense</a> system attained initial operational capability in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_2" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/RS-24_Yars.webm/220px--RS-24_Yars.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="60" data-mwtitle="RS-24_Yars.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:RS-24_Yars.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/RS-24_Yars.webm/RS-24_Yars.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/RS-24_Yars.webm/RS-24_Yars.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/RS-24_Yars.webm/RS-24_Yars.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/RS-24_Yars.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/RS-24_Yars.webm/RS-24_Yars.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/RS-24_Yars.webm/RS-24_Yars.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/RS-24_Yars.webm/RS-24_Yars.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/RS-24_Yars.webm/RS-24_Yars.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>ICBMs can be deployed from <a href="/wiki/Transporter_erector_launcher" title="Transporter erector launcher">transporter erector launchers</a> (TEL), such as the Russian <a href="/wiki/RT-2PM2_Topol-M" title="RT-2PM2 Topol-M">RT-2PM2 Topol-M</a></figcaption></figure> <p>ICBMs can be deployed from multiple platforms: </p> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/Missile_silo" class="mw-redirect" title="Missile silo">missile silos</a>, which offer some protection from military attack (including, the designers hope, some protection from a nuclear <a href="/wiki/Pre-emptive_nuclear_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-emptive nuclear strike">first strike</a>)</li> <li>On <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarines</a>: <a href="/wiki/Submarine-launched_ballistic_missile" title="Submarine-launched ballistic missile">submarine-launched ballistic missiles</a> (SLBMs); most or all SLBMs have the long range of ICBMs (as opposed to IRBMs)</li> <li>On heavy trucks: this applies to one version of the <a href="/wiki/RT-2PM2_Topol-M" title="RT-2PM2 Topol-M">Topol</a> which may be deployed from a self-propelled <a href="/wiki/Mobile_launcher_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile launcher vehicle">mobile launcher</a>, capable of moving through roadless terrain, and launching a missile from any point along its route</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railcar-launched_ICBM" title="Railcar-launched ICBM">Mobile launchers on rails</a>; this applies, for example, to РТ-23УТТХ "Молодец" (<a href="/wiki/RT-23_Molodets" title="RT-23 Molodets">RT-23UTTH "Molodets"</a> – SS-24 "Scalpel")</li></ul> <p>The last three kinds are mobile and therefore hard to detect prior to a missile launch. During storage, one of the most important features of the missile is its serviceability. One of the key features of the first <a href="/wiki/Embedded_system" title="Embedded system">computer-controlled</a> ICBM, the <a href="/wiki/Minuteman_missile" class="mw-redirect" title="Minuteman missile">Minuteman missile</a>, was that it could quickly and easily use its computer to test itself. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_3" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/RS-22.ogv/220px--RS-22.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="51" data-mwtitle="RS-22.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:RS-22.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8c/RS-22.ogv/RS-22.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8c/RS-22.ogv/RS-22.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/RS-22.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8c/RS-22.ogv/RS-22.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8c/RS-22.ogv/RS-22.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /></video></span><figcaption><a href="/wiki/SS-24" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-24">SS-24</a> rail-based ICBM launch</figcaption></figure> <p>After launch, a <a href="/wiki/Booster_(rocketry)" title="Booster (rocketry)">booster</a> pushes the missile and then falls away. Most modern boosters are <a href="/wiki/Solid-propellant_rocket" title="Solid-propellant rocket">Solid-propellant rocket motors</a>, which can be stored easily for long periods of time. Early missiles used <a href="/wiki/Liquid-propellant_rocket" title="Liquid-propellant rocket">liquid-fueled rocket motors</a>. Many liquid-fueled ICBMs could not be kept fueled at all times as the <a href="/wiki/Cryogenic_fuel" title="Cryogenic fuel">cryogenic fuel</a> <a href="/wiki/Liquid_oxygen" title="Liquid oxygen">liquid oxygen</a> boiled off and caused ice formation, and therefore fueling the rocket was necessary before launch. This procedure was a source of significant operational delay and might allow the missiles to be destroyed by enemy counterparts before they could be used. To resolve this problem Nazi Germany invented the <a href="/wiki/Missile_silo" class="mw-redirect" title="Missile silo">missile silo</a> that protected the missile from <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Strategic Bombing">Strategic Bombing</a> and also hid fueling operations underground.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Although the <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a>/Russia preferred ICBM designs that use hypergolic liquid fuels, which can be stored at room temperature for more than a few years. </p><p>Once the booster falls away, the remaining "bus" releases several warheads, each of which continues on its own unpowered ballistic <a href="/wiki/Trajectory" title="Trajectory">trajectory</a>, much like an artillery shell or cannonball. The warhead is encased in a cone-shaped reentry vehicle and is difficult to detect in this phase of flight as there is no rocket exhaust or other emissions to mark its position to defenders. The high speeds of the warheads make them difficult to intercept and allow for little warning, striking targets many thousands of kilometers away from the launch site (and due to the possible locations of the submarines: anywhere in the world) within approximately 30 minutes.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Many<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (September 2022)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> authorities say that missiles also release aluminized balloons, electronic noisemakers, and other decoys <a href="/wiki/Penetration_aid" title="Penetration aid">intended to confuse interception devices and radars</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>As the nuclear warhead reenters the Earth's atmosphere, its high speed causes compression of the air, leading to a dramatic rise in temperature which would destroy it, if it were not shielded in some way. In one design, warhead components are contained within an aluminium <a href="/wiki/Honeycomb_structure" title="Honeycomb structure">honeycomb substructure</a>, sheathed in a <a href="/wiki/Pyrolytic_carbon" title="Pyrolytic carbon">pyrolytic carbon</a>-<a href="/wiki/Epoxy" title="Epoxy">epoxy</a> <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_resin" title="Synthetic resin">synthetic resin</a> <a href="/wiki/Composite_material" title="Composite material">composite material</a> heat shield.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Warheads are also often radiation-hardened (to protect against nuclear armed ABMs or the nearby detonation of friendly warheads), one neutron-resistant material developed for this purpose in the UK is <a href="/wiki/Three-dimensional_quartz_phenolic" title="Three-dimensional quartz phenolic">three-dimensional quartz phenolic</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Circular_error_probable" title="Circular error probable">Circular error probable</a> is crucial, because halving the circular error probable decreases the needed warhead energy by a <a href="/wiki/Inverse-square_law" title="Inverse-square law">factor of four</a>. Accuracy is limited by the accuracy of the navigation system and the available <a href="/wiki/Geodesy" title="Geodesy">geodetic</a> information. </p><p>Strategic missile systems are thought to use custom <a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">integrated circuits</a> designed to calculate <a href="/wiki/Navigation" title="Navigation">navigational</a> <a href="/wiki/Differential_equation" title="Differential equation">differential equations</a> thousands to millions of <a href="/wiki/FLOPS" class="mw-redirect" title="FLOPS">FLOPS</a> in order to reduce navigational errors caused by calculation alone. These circuits are usually a network of binary addition circuits that continually recalculate the missile's position. The inputs to the navigation circuit are set by a general-purpose computer according to a navigational input schedule loaded into the missile before launch. </p><p>One particular weapon developed by the Soviet Union – the <a href="/wiki/Fractional_Orbital_Bombardment_System" title="Fractional Orbital Bombardment System">Fractional Orbital Bombardment System</a> – had a partial <a href="/wiki/Orbit" title="Orbit">orbital</a> trajectory, and unlike most ICBMs its target could not be deduced from its orbital flight path. It was decommissioned in compliance with arms control agreements, which address the maximum range of ICBMs and prohibit orbital or fractional-orbital weapons. However, according to reports,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (September 2022)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> Russia is working on the new <a href="/wiki/RS-28_Sarmat" title="RS-28 Sarmat">Sarmat</a> ICBM which leverages Fractional Orbital Bombardment concepts to use a Southern polar approach instead of flying over the northern polar regions.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Using that approach, it is theorized, avoids the American missile defense batteries in California and Alaska. </p><p>New development of ICBM technology are ICBMs able to carry hypersonic glide vehicles as a <a href="/wiki/Payload" title="Payload">payload</a> such as <a href="/wiki/RS-28_Sarmat" title="RS-28 Sarmat">RS-28 Sarmat</a>. </p><p>On 12 March 2024 India announced that it had joined a very limited group of countries, which are capable of firing multiple warheads on a single ICBM. The announcement came after successfully testing multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle (MIRV) technology.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specific_ICBMs">Specific ICBMs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercontinental_ballistic_missile&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Specific ICBMs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_ICBMs" title="Comparison of ICBMs">Comparison of ICBMs</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_ICBMs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ICBMs">List of ICBMs</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Land-based_ICBMs">Land-based ICBMs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercontinental_ballistic_missile&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Land-based ICBMs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peacekeeper_missile_after_silo_launch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Peacekeeper_missile_after_silo_launch.jpg/220px-Peacekeeper_missile_after_silo_launch.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Peacekeeper_missile_after_silo_launch.jpg/330px-Peacekeeper_missile_after_silo_launch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Peacekeeper_missile_after_silo_launch.jpg/440px-Peacekeeper_missile_after_silo_launch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1448" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>A US <a href="/wiki/LGM-118_Peacekeeper" title="LGM-118 Peacekeeper">Peacekeeper</a> missile launched from a silo</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peacekeeper-missile-testing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Peacekeeper-missile-testing.jpg/220px-Peacekeeper-missile-testing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Peacekeeper-missile-testing.jpg/330px-Peacekeeper-missile-testing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Peacekeeper-missile-testing.jpg/440px-Peacekeeper-missile-testing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2272" /></a><figcaption>Testing of the <a href="/wiki/LGM-118A_Peacekeeper" class="mw-redirect" title="LGM-118A Peacekeeper">Peacekeeper</a> <a href="/wiki/Re-entry_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Re-entry vehicle">re-entry vehicles</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Kwajalein_Atoll" title="Kwajalein Atoll">Kwajalein Atoll</a>. All eight fired from only one missile. Each line, if its warhead were live, represents the potential explosive power of about 300 <a href="/wiki/Kiloton" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiloton">kilotons</a> of TNT, about nineteen times larger than the <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">detonation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Little_Boy" title="Little Boy">the atomic bomb</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hiroshima" title="Hiroshima">Hiroshima</a>.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;background-color:#fa9552; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Operational</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;background-color:#00cae0; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Under development</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;background-color:#98FB98; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Decommissioned or cancelled</div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Type</th> <th>Minimum range (km)</th> <th>Maximum range (km)</th> <th>Country </th></tr> <tr style="background:#fa9552;"> <td><a href="/wiki/LGM-30_Minuteman" title="LGM-30 Minuteman">LGM-30 Minuteman</a> III</td> <td></td> <td>14,000</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear weapons and the United States">United States</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fa9552;"> <td><a href="/wiki/RS-28_Sarmat" title="RS-28 Sarmat">RS-28 Sarmat</a></td> <td></td> <td>18,000</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Russia and weapons of mass destruction">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fa9552;"> <td><a href="/wiki/RT-2PM2_Topol-M" title="RT-2PM2 Topol-M">RT-2UTTH "Topol M" (SS-27)</a></td> <td></td> <td>11,000</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Russia and weapons of mass destruction">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fa9552;"> <td><a href="/wiki/RS-24_Yars" title="RS-24 Yars">RS-24 "Yars" (SS-29)</a></td> <td></td> <td>11,000</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Russia and weapons of mass destruction">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fa9552;"> <td><a href="/wiki/UR-100N" title="UR-100N">UR-100N</a></td> <td></td> <td>10,000</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> Soviet Union <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Russia and weapons of mass destruction">Russia</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fa9552;"> <td><a href="/wiki/R-36_(missile)" title="R-36 (missile)">R-36 (SS-18)</a></td> <td>10,200</td> <td>16,000</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> Soviet Union <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Russia and weapons of mass destruction">Russia</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fa9552;"> <td><a href="/wiki/DF-4" title="DF-4">DF-4</a></td> <td>5,500</td> <td>7,000</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/China_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="China and weapons of mass destruction">China</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fa9552;"> <td><a href="/wiki/DF-31" title="DF-31">DF-31</a></td> <td>7,200</td> <td>11,200</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/China_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="China and weapons of mass destruction">China</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fa9552;"> <td><a href="/wiki/DF-5" title="DF-5">DF-5</a></td> <td>5,000</td> <td>9,000</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/China_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="China and weapons of mass destruction">China</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fa9552;"> <td><a href="/wiki/DF-41" title="DF-41">DF-41</a></td> <td>12,000</td> <td>15,000</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/China_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="China and weapons of mass destruction">China</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fa9552;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Hwasong-14" title="Hwasong-14">Hwasong-14</a></td> <td>6,700</td> <td>10,000</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/North_Korea_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="North Korea and weapons of mass destruction">North Korea</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fa9552;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Hwasong-15" title="Hwasong-15">Hwasong-15</a></td> <td></td> <td>13,000</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/North_Korea_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="North Korea and weapons of mass destruction">North Korea</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fa9552;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Hwasong-17" title="Hwasong-17">Hwasong-17</a></td> <td></td> <td>15,000</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/North_Korea_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="North Korea and weapons of mass destruction">North Korea</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fa9552;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Hwasong-18" title="Hwasong-18">Hwasong-18</a></td> <td></td> <td>15,000</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/North_Korea_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="North Korea and weapons of mass destruction">North Korea</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fa9552;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Hwasong-19" title="Hwasong-19">Hwasong-19</a></td> <td></td> <td>18,000</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/North_Korea_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="North Korea and weapons of mass destruction">North Korea</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fa9552;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Agni-V" title="Agni-V">Agni-V</a></td> <td>7,000</td> <td>10,000</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/India_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="India and weapons of mass destruction">India</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fa9552;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Jericho_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Jericho III">Jericho III</a></td> <td></td> <td>11,500</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Israel_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Israel and weapons of mass destruction">Israel</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#00cae0;"> <td><a href="/wiki/LGM-35_Sentinel" title="LGM-35 Sentinel">LGM-35 Sentinel</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear weapons and the United States">United States</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#00cae0;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Agni-VI" title="Agni-VI">Agni-VI</a></td> <td>8,000</td> <td>12,000</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/India_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="India and weapons of mass destruction">India</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#00cae0;"> <td><a href="/wiki/RS-26_Rubezh" title="RS-26 Rubezh">RS-26 Rubezh</a></td> <td></td> <td>5,800</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Russia and weapons of mass destruction">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#00cae0;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Surya_missile" title="Surya missile">Surya</a></td> <td>12,000</td> <td>16,000</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/India_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="India and weapons of mass destruction">India</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#00cae0;"> <td>Jericho IV <sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#98fb98;"> <td>LGM-30F Minuteman II</td> <td></td> <td>11,265</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear weapons and the United States">United States</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#98fb98;"> <td>LGM-30A/B Minuteman I</td> <td></td> <td>10,186</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear weapons and the United States">United States</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#98fb98;"> <td><a href="/wiki/LGM-118_Peacekeeper" title="LGM-118 Peacekeeper">LGM-118 Peacekeeper</a></td> <td></td> <td>14,000</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear weapons and the United States">United States</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#98fb98;"> <td><a href="/wiki/LGM-25C_Titan_II" title="LGM-25C Titan II">Titan II</a> (SM-68B, LGM-25C)</td> <td></td> <td>16,000</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear weapons and the United States">United States</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#98fb98;"> <td><a href="/wiki/HGM-25A_Titan_I" title="HGM-25A Titan I">Titan I</a> (SM-68, HGM-25A)</td> <td></td> <td>11,300</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear weapons and the United States">United States</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#98fb98;"> <td><a href="/wiki/SM-65_Atlas" title="SM-65 Atlas">SM-65 Atlas</a> (SM-65, CGM-16)</td> <td></td> <td>10,138</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear weapons and the United States">United States</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#98fb98;"> <td><a href="/wiki/MGM-134_Midgetman" title="MGM-134 Midgetman">MGM-134 Midgetman</a></td> <td></td> <td>11,000</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear weapons and the United States">United States</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#98fb98;"> <td><a href="/wiki/RTV-A-2_Hiroc" title="RTV-A-2 Hiroc">RTV-A-2 Hiroc</a></td> <td>2,400</td> <td>8,000</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear weapons and the United States">United States</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#98fb98;"> <td><a href="/wiki/RT-2" title="RT-2">RT-2</a></td> <td></td> <td>10,186</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Russia and weapons of mass destruction">Soviet Union</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#98fb98;"> <td><a href="/wiki/RT-23_Molodets" title="RT-23 Molodets">RT-23 Molodets</a></td> <td></td> <td>11,000</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> Soviet Union <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Russia and weapons of mass destruction">Russia</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#98fb98;"> <td><a href="/wiki/RT-21_Temp_2S" title="RT-21 Temp 2S">RT-21 Temp 2S</a></td> <td></td> <td>10,500</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Russia and weapons of mass destruction">Soviet Union</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#98fb98;"> <td><a href="/wiki/R-9_Desna" title="R-9 Desna">R-9 Desna</a></td> <td></td> <td>16,000</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Russia and weapons of mass destruction">Soviet Union</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#98fb98;"> <td><a href="/wiki/R-16_(missile)" title="R-16 (missile)">R-16</a></td> <td></td> <td>13,000</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Russia and weapons of mass destruction">Soviet Union</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#98fb98;"> <td><a href="/wiki/R-26_(missile)" title="R-26 (missile)">R-26</a></td> <td></td> <td>12,000</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Russia and weapons of mass destruction">Soviet Union</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#98fb98;"> <td><a href="/wiki/MR-UR-100_Sotka" title="MR-UR-100 Sotka">MR-UR-100 Sotka</a></td> <td>1,000</td> <td>10,320</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> Soviet Union <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Russia and weapons of mass destruction">Russia</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#98fb98;"> <td><a href="/wiki/UR-100" title="UR-100">UR-100</a></td> <td></td> <td>10,600</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Russia and weapons of mass destruction">Soviet Union</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#98fb98;"> <td><a href="/wiki/UR-200" title="UR-200">UR-200</a></td> <td></td> <td>12,000</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Russia and weapons of mass destruction">Soviet Union</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#98fb98;"> <td><a href="/wiki/RT-20P" title="RT-20P">RT-20P</a></td> <td></td> <td>11,000</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Russia and weapons of mass destruction">Soviet Union</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#98fb98;"> <td><a href="/wiki/R-7_Semyorka" title="R-7 Semyorka">R-7 Semyorka</a></td> <td>8,000</td> <td>8,800</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Russia and weapons of mass destruction">Soviet Union</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#98fb98;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Hwasong-13" title="Hwasong-13">Hwasong-13</a></td> <td>1,500</td> <td>12,000</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/North_Korea_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="North Korea and weapons of mass destruction">North Korea</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Russia, the United States, China, North Korea, India and Israel are the only countries currently known to possess land-based ICBMs.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Minuteman3launch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Minuteman3launch.jpg/220px-Minuteman3launch.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Minuteman3launch.jpg/330px-Minuteman3launch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Minuteman3launch.jpg/440px-Minuteman3launch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="2800" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/LGM-30_Minuteman" title="LGM-30 Minuteman">Minuteman III</a> ICBM test launch from <a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Vandenberg Air Force Base">Vandenberg Air Force Base</a>, United States</figcaption></figure> <p>The United States currently operates 405 ICBMs in three <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">USAF</a> bases.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The only model deployed is <a href="/wiki/LGM-30G_Minuteman-III" class="mw-redirect" title="LGM-30G Minuteman-III">LGM-30G Minuteman-III</a>. All previous USAF <a href="/wiki/Minuteman_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Minuteman II">Minuteman II</a> missiles were destroyed in accordance with <a href="/wiki/START_II" title="START II">START II</a>, and their launch silos have been sealed or sold to the public. The powerful MIRV-capable <a href="/wiki/LGM-118_Peacekeeper" title="LGM-118 Peacekeeper">Peacekeeper</a> missiles were phased out in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dnepr_rocket_lift-off_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Dnepr_rocket_lift-off_1.jpg/220px-Dnepr_rocket_lift-off_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Dnepr_rocket_lift-off_1.jpg/330px-Dnepr_rocket_lift-off_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Dnepr_rocket_lift-off_1.jpg/440px-Dnepr_rocket_lift-off_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="785" /></a><figcaption>A Soviet <a href="/wiki/R-36_(missile)" title="R-36 (missile)">R-36M</a> (SS-18 Satan), the largest ICBM in history, with a <a href="/wiki/Throw_weight" class="mw-redirect" title="Throw weight">throw weight</a> of 8,800 kg</figcaption></figure> <p>The Russian <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Rocket_Forces" title="Strategic Rocket Forces">Strategic Rocket Forces</a> have 286 ICBMs able to deliver 958 nuclear warheads: 46 silo-based <a href="/wiki/R-36_(missile)" title="R-36 (missile)">R-36M2 (SS-18)</a>, 30 silo-based <a href="/wiki/UR-100N" title="UR-100N">UR-100N</a> (SS-19), 36 mobile <a href="/wiki/RT-2PM_Topol" title="RT-2PM Topol">RT-2PM "Topol" (SS-25)</a>, 60 silo-based <a href="/wiki/RT-2PM2_Topol-M" title="RT-2PM2 Topol-M">RT-2UTTH "Topol M" (SS-27)</a>, 18 mobile <a href="/wiki/RT-2PM2_Topol-M" title="RT-2PM2 Topol-M">RT-2UTTH "Topol M" (SS-27)</a>, 84 mobile <a href="/wiki/RS-24" class="mw-redirect" title="RS-24">RS-24</a> "Yars" (SS-29), and 12 silo-based <a href="/wiki/RS-24" class="mw-redirect" title="RS-24">RS-24</a> "Yars" (SS-29).<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>China has developed several long-range ICBMs, like the <a href="/wiki/DF-31" title="DF-31">DF-31</a>. The Dongfeng 5 or <a href="/wiki/DF-5" title="DF-5">DF-5</a> is a 3-stage liquid fuel ICBM and has an estimated range of 13,000 kilometers. The DF-5 had its first flight in 1971 and was in operational service 10 years later. One of the downsides of the missile was that it took between 30 and 60 minutes to fuel. The <a href="/wiki/DF-31" title="DF-31">Dong Feng 31</a> (a.k.a. CSS-10) is a medium-range, three-stage, solid-propellant intercontinental ballistic missile, and is a land-based variant of the submarine-launched JL-2. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/DF-41" title="DF-41">DF-41</a> or CSS-X-10 can carry up to 10 nuclear warheads, which are <a href="/wiki/MIRV" class="mw-redirect" title="MIRV">MIRVs</a> and has a range of approximately 12,000–14,000 km (7,500–8,700 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The DF-41 deployed underground in Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu and Inner Mongolia. The mysterious underground subway ICBM carrier systems are called the "<a href="/wiki/Underground_Great_Wall_of_China" title="Underground Great Wall of China">Underground Great Wall Project</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Israel is believed to have deployed a road mobile nuclear ICBM, the <a href="/wiki/Jericho_II_missile" class="mw-redirect" title="Jericho II missile">Jericho III</a>, which entered service in 2008. It is possible for the missile to be equipped with a single 750 kg (1,650 lb) nuclear warhead or up to three <a href="/wiki/Multiple_independently_targetable_reentry_vehicle" title="Multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle">MIRV</a> warheads. It is believed to be based on the <a href="/wiki/Shavit_2" title="Shavit 2">Shavit</a> space launch vehicle and is estimated to have a range of 4,800 to 11,500 km (3,000 to 7,100 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-CRS-RL30427_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRS-RL30427-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 2011 Israel tested an ICBM believed to be an upgraded version of the Jericho III.<sup id="cite_ref-pfeffer1_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pfeffer1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> has a series of ballistic missiles called <a href="/wiki/Agni_(missile)" title="Agni (missile)">Agni</a>. On 19 April 2012, India successfully test fired its first <a href="/wiki/Agni-V" title="Agni-V">Agni-V</a>, a three-stage solid fueled missile, with a strike range of more than 7,500 km (4,700 mi). Missile was test-fired for the second time on 15 September 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-thehindu.com_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thehindu.com-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 31 January 2015, India conducted a third successful test flight of the Agni-V from the <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Kalam_Island" title="Abdul Kalam Island">Abdul Kalam Island</a> facility. The test used a canisterised version of the missile, mounted over a Tata truck.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 15 December 2022, first night trial of Agni-V was successfully carried out by SFC from Abdul Kalam Island, Odisha. The missile is now 20 percent lighter because the use of composite materials rather than steel material. The range has been increased to 7,000 km.<sup id="cite_ref-aninews.in_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aninews.in-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Submarine-launched_ICBMs">Submarine-launched ICBMs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercontinental_ballistic_missile&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Submarine-launched ICBMs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Submarine-launched_ballistic_missile" title="Submarine-launched ballistic missile">Submarine-launched ballistic missile</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;background-color:#fa9552; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Operational</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;background-color:#00cae0; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Under development</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;background-color:#98FB98; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Decommissioned or Cancelled</div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Type</th> <th>Minimum range (km)</th> <th>Maximum range (km)</th> <th>Country </th></tr> <tr style="background:#fa9552;"> <td><a href="/wiki/UGM-133_Trident_II" title="UGM-133 Trident II">UGM-133 Trident II</a> (D5)</td> <td></td> <td>12,000</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="United States and weapons of mass destruction">United States</a> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="United Kingdom and weapons of mass destruction">United Kingdom</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fa9552;"> <td><a href="/wiki/R-29RMU_Sineva" title="R-29RMU Sineva">RSM-54 R-29RMU "Sineva"</a></td> <td></td> <td>11,500</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Russia and weapons of mass destruction">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fa9552;"> <td><a href="/wiki/R-29RMU2_Layner" class="mw-redirect" title="R-29RMU2 Layner">RSM-54 R-29RMU2 "Layner"</a></td> <td>8,300</td> <td>12,000</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Russia and weapons of mass destruction">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fa9552;"> <td><a href="/wiki/RSM-56_Bulava" title="RSM-56 Bulava">RSM-56 R-30 "Bulava"</a></td> <td>8,000</td> <td>9,300</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Russia and weapons of mass destruction">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fa9552;"> <td><a href="/wiki/M51_(missile)" title="M51 (missile)">M51</a></td> <td>8,000</td> <td>10,000</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/France_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="France and weapons of mass destruction">France</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fa9552;"> <td><a href="/wiki/JL-2" title="JL-2">JL-2</a></td> <td>7,400</td> <td>8,000</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/China_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="China and weapons of mass destruction">China</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#00cae0;"> <td><a href="/wiki/JL-3" title="JL-3">JL-3</a></td> <td>10,000</td> <td>12,000</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/China_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="China and weapons of mass destruction">China</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#00cae0;"> <td><a href="/wiki/K-5_(ballistic_missile)" title="K-5 (ballistic missile)">K-5</a></td> <td></td> <td>5,000</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/India_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="India and weapons of mass destruction">India</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#00cae0;"> <td><a href="/wiki/K-6_(missile)" title="K-6 (missile)">K-6</a></td> <td>8,000</td> <td>12,000</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/India_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="India and weapons of mass destruction">India</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#98fb98;"> <td><a href="/wiki/M45_(missile)" title="M45 (missile)">M45</a><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td>6,000</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/France_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="France and weapons of mass destruction">France</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#98fb98;"> <td><a href="/wiki/UGM-96_Trident_I" title="UGM-96 Trident I">UGM-96 Trident I</a> (C-4)</td> <td></td> <td>12,000</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="United States and weapons of mass destruction">United States</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#98fb98;"> <td>RSM-40<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2003_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2003-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/R-29_Vysota" class="mw-redirect" title="R-29 Vysota">R-29 "Vysota"</a></td> <td></td> <td>7,700</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> Soviet Union <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Russia and weapons of mass destruction">Russia</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#98fb98;"> <td>RSM-50<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2003_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2003-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/SS-N-18" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-N-18">R-29R "Vysota"</a></td> <td></td> <td>6,500</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> Soviet Union <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Russia and weapons of mass destruction">Russia</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#98fb98;"> <td>RSM-52<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2003_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2003-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/SS-N-20" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-N-20">R-39 "Rif"</a></td> <td></td> <td>8,300</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> Soviet Union <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Russia and weapons of mass destruction">Russia</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#98fb98;"> <td><a href="/wiki/R-29RM_Shtil" class="mw-redirect" title="R-29RM Shtil">RSM-54 R-29RM "Shtil"</a></td> <td></td> <td>8,300</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> Soviet Union <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Russia and weapons of mass destruction">Russia</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Missile_defense">Missile defense</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercontinental_ballistic_missile&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Missile defense"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Anti-ballistic_missile" title="Anti-ballistic missile">Anti-ballistic missile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Missile_defense" title="Missile defense">Missile defense</a></div> <p>An anti-ballistic missile is a missile which can be deployed to counter an incoming nuclear or non-nuclear ICBM. ICBMs can be intercepted in three regions of their trajectory: boost phase, mid-course phase or terminal phase. The United States, Russia, India, France, Israel, and China<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have now developed anti-ballistic missile systems, of which the Russian <a href="/wiki/A-135_anti-ballistic_missile_system" title="A-135 anti-ballistic missile system">A-135 anti-ballistic missile system</a>, the American <a href="/wiki/Ground-Based_Midcourse_Defense" title="Ground-Based Midcourse Defense">Ground-Based Midcourse Defense</a>, the Indian <a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_anti-satellite_missile_test" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Indian anti-satellite missile test">Prithvi Defence Vehicle Mark-II</a> and the Israeli <a href="/wiki/Arrow_3" title="Arrow 3">Arrow 3</a> are the only systems having the capability to intercept and shoot down ICBMs carrying <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">nuclear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chemical_warfare" title="Chemical warfare">chemical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biological_warfare" title="Biological warfare">biological</a>, or conventional <a href="/wiki/Warhead" title="Warhead">warheads</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercontinental_ballistic_missile&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Schriever" title="Bernard Schriever">Bernard Schriever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEFCON" title="DEFCON">DEFCON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dense_Pack" title="Dense Pack">Dense Pack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_Action_Message" title="Emergency Action Message">Emergency Action Message</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-alert_nuclear_weapon" title="High-alert nuclear weapon">High-alert nuclear weapon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICBM_address" title="ICBM address">ICBM address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons" title="List of states with nuclear weapons">List of states with nuclear weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_disarmament" title="Nuclear disarmament">Nuclear disarmament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_navy" title="Nuclear navy">Nuclear navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_warfare" title="Nuclear warfare">Nuclear warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">Submarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throw-weight" class="mw-redirect" title="Throw-weight">Throw-weight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Rocket" title="Universal Rocket">Universal Rocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Koussar" title="Project Koussar">Project Koussar</a> - alleged Iran ICBM program</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercontinental_ballistic_missile&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/nuke/intro/missile/icbm.htm">"Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles"</a>. <i>Special Weapons Primer</i>. <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_American_Scientists" title="Federation of American Scientists">Federation of American Scientists</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151126100103/https://fas.org/nuke/intro/missile/icbm.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 26 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Power+%26+Policy&rft.atitle=China%27s+underground+Great+Wall%3A+subterranean+ballistic+missile&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Hui&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.powerandpolicy.com%2F2012%2F01%2F31%2Fchinas-underground-great-wall-subterranean-ballistic-missile%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntercontinental+ballistic+missile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/agni-5-indias-longest-range-ballistic-missile-successfully-test-fired-735955">"Agni 5, India's Longest Range Ballistic Missile, Successfully Test-Fired"</a>. <i>NDTV.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160114090146/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/agni-5-indias-longest-range-ballistic-missile-successfully-test-fired-735955">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NDTV.com&rft.atitle=Agni+5%2C+India%27s+Longest+Range+Ballistic+Missile%2C+Successfully+Test-Fired&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndtv.com%2Findia-news%2Fagni-5-indias-longest-range-ballistic-missile-successfully-test-fired-735955&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntercontinental+ballistic+missile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKristensenKorda2019" class="citation journal cs1">Kristensen, Hans M.; Korda, Matt (2 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00963402.2019.1556003">"French nuclear forces, 2019"</a>. <i>Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists</i>. <b>75</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">51–</span>55. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019BuAtS..75a..51K">2019BuAtS..75a..51K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00963402.2019.1556003">10.1080/00963402.2019.1556003</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0096-3402">0096-3402</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:151142543">151142543</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Atomic+Scientists&rft.atitle=French+nuclear+forces%2C+2019&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E51-%3C%2Fspan%3E55&rft.date=2019-01-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00963402.2019.1556003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A151142543%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0096-3402&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2019BuAtS..75a..51K&rft.aulast=Kristensen&rft.aufirst=Hans+M.&rft.au=Korda%2C+Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F00963402.2019.1556003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntercontinental+ballistic+missile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2003-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2003_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2003_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2003_45-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Korabli VMF SSSR, Vol. 1, Part 1, Yu. Apalkov, Sankt Peterburg, 2003, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-8172-0069-4" title="Special:BookSources/5-8172-0069-4">5-8172-0069-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.com.au/technology/innovation/china-conducts-successful-interception-of-ballistic-missile-in-earths-orbit/news-story/76554886bd4f48b19f24b06237d8f1ae">"China conducts successful interception of ballistic missile"</a>. <i>News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180222183103/http://www.news.com.au/technology/innovation/china-conducts-successful-interception-of-ballistic-missile-in-earths-orbit/news-story/76554886bd4f48b19f24b06237d8f1ae">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=News&rft.atitle=China+conducts+successful+interception+of+ballistic+missile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.com.au%2Ftechnology%2Finnovation%2Fchina-conducts-successful-interception-of-ballistic-missile-in-earths-orbit%2Fnews-story%2F76554886bd4f48b19f24b06237d8f1ae&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntercontinental+ballistic+missile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercontinental_ballistic_missile&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>J. K. Golovanov, M., "Korolev: Facts and myths", <a href="/wiki/Nauka_(publisher)" title="Nauka (publisher)">Nauka</a>, 1994, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-02-000822-2" title="Special:BookSources/5-02-000822-2">5-02-000822-2</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epizodsspace.airbase.ru/bibl/chertok/kniga-1/01.html">"Rockets and people"</a> – <a href="/wiki/Boris_Chertok" title="Boris Chertok">B. E. Chertok</a>, M: "mechanical engineering", 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-217-02942-0" title="Special:BookSources/5-217-02942-0">5-217-02942-0</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span>.</li> <li>"Testing of rocket and space technology – the business of my life" Events and facts – <a href="/wiki/Arkady_Ostashev" title="Arkady Ostashev">A.I. Ostashev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korolyov,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Korolyov, Moscow Oblast">Korolyov</a>, 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cosmosravelin.narod.ru/r-space/bibliografia.html">Bibliography 1996–2004</a></li> <li>"Nesterenko" series Lives of great people – Authors: Gregory Sukhina A., Ivkin, Vladimir Ivanovich, <a href="/wiki/Molodaya_Gvardiya_(publisher)" title="Molodaya Gvardiya (publisher)">publishing house "Young guard"</a> in 2015, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-235-03801-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-235-03801-1">978-5-235-03801-1</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercontinental_ballistic_missile&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://missilethreat.csis.org/">Missile Threat</a> A Project of the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Strategic_and_International_Studies" title="Center for Strategic and International Studies">Center for Strategic and International Studies</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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missile">Air-to-surface missile</a> (ASM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballistic_missile" title="Ballistic missile">Ballistic missile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruise_missile" title="Cruise missile">Cruise missile</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Intercontinental ballistic missile</a> (ICBM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate-range_ballistic_missile" title="Intermediate-range ballistic missile">Intermediate-range ballistic missile</a> (IRBM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short-range_ballistic_missile" title="Short-range ballistic missile">Short-range ballistic missile</a> (SRBM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoulder-fired_missile" title="Shoulder-fired missile">Shoulder-fired missile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standoff_missile" title="Standoff missile">Standoff missile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine-launched_ballistic_missile" title="Submarine-launched ballistic missile">Submarine-launched ballistic missile</a> (SLBM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine-launched_cruise_missile" title="Submarine-launched cruise missile">Submarine-launched cruise missile</a> (SLCM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface-to-air_missile" title="Surface-to-air missile">Surface-to-air missile</a> (SAM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface-to-surface_missile" title="Surface-to-surface missile">Surface-to-surface missile</a> (SSM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tactical_ballistic_missile" title="Tactical ballistic missile">Tactical ballistic missile</a> (TBM)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By target type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-ballistic_missile" title="Anti-ballistic missile">Anti-ballistic missile</a> (ABM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-radiation_missile" title="Anti-radiation missile">Anti-radiation missile</a> (ARM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-satellite_weapon" title="Anti-satellite weapon">Anti-satellite weapon</a> (ASAT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-ship_ballistic_missile" title="Anti-ship ballistic missile">Anti-ship ballistic missile</a> (ASBM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-ship_missile" title="Anti-ship missile">Anti-ship missile</a> (AShM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-submarine_missile" title="Anti-submarine missile">Anti-submarine missile</a> (ASuM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_guided_missile" title="Anti-tank guided missile">Anti-tank missile</a> (ATGM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land-attack_missile" title="Land-attack missile">Land-attack missile</a> (LAM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man-portable_air-defense_system" title="Man-portable air-defense system">Man-portable air-defense system</a> (MANPADS)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/Missile_guidance" title="Missile guidance">guidance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_(weapon)" title="Rocket (weapon)">Unguided</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radar_guidance" title="Radar guidance">Radar guidance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radar_altimeter" title="Radar altimeter">Radar altimeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Active_radar_homing" title="Active radar homing">Active radar homing</a> (ARH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-active_radar_homing" title="Semi-active radar homing">Semi-active radar homing</a> (SARH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passive_radar" title="Passive radar">Passive radar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passive_homing" class="mw-redirect" title="Passive homing">Passive homing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track-via-missile" title="Track-via-missile">Track-via-missile</a> (TVM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-radiation_missile" title="Anti-radiation missile">Anti-radiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Command_guidance" title="Command guidance">Command guidance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Command_to_line-of-sight" class="mw-redirect" title="Command to line-of-sight">Command to line-of-sight</a> (CLOS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Command_off_line_of_sight" class="mw-redirect" title="Command off line of sight">Command off line of sight</a> (COLOS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manual_command_to_line_of_sight" title="Manual command to line of sight">Manual command to line of sight</a> (MCLOS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-automatic_command_to_line_of_sight" title="Semi-automatic command to line of sight">Semi-automatic command to line of sight</a> (SACLOS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_command_to_line_of_sight" class="mw-redirect" title="Automatic command to line of sight">Automatic command to line of sight</a> (ACLOS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pursuit_guidance" title="Pursuit guidance">Pursuit guidance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beam_riding" title="Beam riding">Beam riding</a> (LOSBR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrared_homing" title="Infrared homing">Infrared guidance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laser_guidance" title="Laser guidance">Laser guidance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wire-guided_missile" title="Wire-guided missile">Wire guidance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_guidance" class="mw-redirect" title="Satellite guidance">Satellite guidance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_Positioning_System" title="Global Positioning System">Global Positioning System</a> (GPS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLONASS" title="GLONASS">GLONASS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inertial_guidance" class="mw-redirect" title="Inertial guidance">Inertial guidance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astro-inertial_guidance" class="mw-redirect" title="Astro-inertial guidance">Astro-inertial guidance</a></li> <li>Terrestrial guidance <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TERCOM" title="TERCOM">TERCOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DSMAC" class="mw-redirect" title="DSMAC">DSMAC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_target_recognition" title="Automatic target recognition">Automatic target recognition</a> (ATR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_guidance" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio guidance">Radio guidance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_guidance" class="mw-redirect" title="TV guidance">TV guidance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contrast_seeker" title="Contrast seeker">Contrast seeker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compass" title="Compass">Compass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predicted_line_of_sight" title="Predicted line of sight">Predicted line of sight</a> (PLOS)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_rockets" title="List of military rockets">List of military rockets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missiles" title="List of missiles">List of missiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missiles_by_country" title="List of missiles by country">List of missiles by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anti-ship_missiles" title="List of anti-ship missiles">List of anti-ship missiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anti-tank_missiles" title="List of anti-tank missiles">List of anti-tank missiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ICBMs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ICBMs">List of ICBMs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_surface-to-air_missiles" title="List of surface-to-air missiles">List of surface-to-air missiles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>See also:</i> <a href="/wiki/Sounding_rocket" title="Sounding rocket">Sounding rocket</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nuclear_triad17" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible 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