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class="dcr-1fnjjtg"><div class="dcr-14emo0l"><div class="dcr-hlfdy3"><figure id="1eb6994d-c2d8-4e4b-856f-7c452ecb04ca" class="dcr-142siv7"><div id="img-1" class="dcr-1t8m8f2"><picture class="dcr-evn1e9"><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/60eb05e2f2307f5609a8de9096258731b7c1e86e/0_190_2816_1690/master/2816.jpg?width=620&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 980px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/60eb05e2f2307f5609a8de9096258731b7c1e86e/0_190_2816_1690/master/2816.jpg?width=620&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/60eb05e2f2307f5609a8de9096258731b7c1e86e/0_190_2816_1690/master/2816.jpg?width=700&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/60eb05e2f2307f5609a8de9096258731b7c1e86e/0_190_2816_1690/master/2816.jpg?width=700&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/60eb05e2f2307f5609a8de9096258731b7c1e86e/0_190_2816_1690/master/2816.jpg?width=620&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 660px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 660px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/60eb05e2f2307f5609a8de9096258731b7c1e86e/0_190_2816_1690/master/2816.jpg?width=620&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 660px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/60eb05e2f2307f5609a8de9096258731b7c1e86e/0_190_2816_1690/master/2816.jpg?width=645&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 480px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 480px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/60eb05e2f2307f5609a8de9096258731b7c1e86e/0_190_2816_1690/master/2816.jpg?width=645&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 480px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/60eb05e2f2307f5609a8de9096258731b7c1e86e/0_190_2816_1690/master/2816.jpg?width=465&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/60eb05e2f2307f5609a8de9096258731b7c1e86e/0_190_2816_1690/master/2816.jpg?width=465&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt="‘Consumed with revenge and capable of staggering courage’ … Nikolai Burlyayev as Ivan in Ivan’s Childhood." src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/60eb05e2f2307f5609a8de9096258731b7c1e86e/0_190_2816_1690/master/2816.jpg?width=465&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" width="465" height="279.0660511363636" loading="eager" class="dcr-evn1e9"/></picture><span class="dcr-v822l1"><div class="dcr-gup2gr"><div class="dcr-zy1nbx"><label for="the-checkbox" class="dcr-1xgwz8b"><svg width="6" height="14" fill="white" viewBox="0 0 6 14"><path d="M4.6 12l-.4 1.4c-.7.2-1.9.6-3 .6-.7 0-1.2-.2-1.2-.9 0-.2 0-.3.1-.5l2-6.7H.7l.4-1.5 4.2-.6h.2L3 12h1.6zm-.3-9.2c-.9 0-1.4-.5-1.4-1.3C2.9.5 3.7 0 4.6 0 5.4 0 6 .5 6 1.3c0 1-.8 1.5-1.7 1.5z"></path></svg></label><input type="checkbox" id="the-checkbox"/> <div id="the-caption"><figcaption data-spacefinder-role="inline" class="dcr-1ie0kc7"><span class="dcr-1inf02i"><svg width="18" height="13" viewBox="0 0 18 13"><path d="M18 3.5v8l-1.5 1.5h-15l-1.5-1.5v-8l1.5-1.5h3.5l2-2h4l2 2h3.5l1.5 1.5zm-9 7.5c1.9 0 3.5-1.6 3.5-3.5s-1.6-3.5-3.5-3.5-3.5 1.6-3.5 3.5 1.6 3.5 3.5 3.5z"></path></svg></span><span class="dcr-1qvd3m6">‘Consumed with revenge and capable of staggering courage’ … Nikolai Burlyayev as Ivan in Ivan’s Childhood.</span> Photograph: www.ronaldgrantarchive.com</figcaption></div></div></div></span><a href="#img-1" data-ignore="global-link-styling" aria-hidden="true" tabIndex="-1" class="open-lightbox dcr-13fd1ms"><button data-element-id="1eb6994d-c2d8-4e4b-856f-7c452ecb04ca" type="button" aria-haspopup="dialog" class="open-lightbox dcr-4tmywn"><svg viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M23 8.75V1.5l-.5-.5h-7.25v1.25l4.5.6L14 8.575 15.4 10l5.75-5.725.6 4.475zm-22 6.5v7.25l.475.5h7.25v-1.25l-4.475-.6 5.725-5.775L8.6 14l-5.775 5.725-.575-4.475z"></path></svg><span class="dcr-194i6pr">View image in fullscreen</span></button></a></div><span class="dcr-n4pnam"><figcaption data-spacefinder-role="inline" class="dcr-1fujct4"><span class="dcr-1inf02i"><svg width="18" height="13" viewBox="0 0 18 13"><path d="M18 3.5v8l-1.5 1.5h-15l-1.5-1.5v-8l1.5-1.5h3.5l2-2h4l2 2h3.5l1.5 1.5zm-9 7.5c1.9 0 3.5-1.6 3.5-3.5s-1.6-3.5-3.5-3.5-3.5 1.6-3.5 3.5 1.6 3.5 3.5 3.5z"></path></svg></span><span class="dcr-1qvd3m6">‘Consumed with revenge and capable of staggering courage’ … Nikolai Burlyayev as Ivan in Ivan’s Childhood.</span> Photograph: www.ronaldgrantarchive.com</figcaption></span></figure></div></div></div><aside style="--grid-area:title;" data-gu-name="title" class="dcr-1fnjjtg"><div class="dcr-10355cg"><div class="dcr-0"><span class="dcr-1v9xu6e"></span><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/andrei-tarkovsky" data-component="section" data-link-name="article section" class="content__label__link dcr-qmfkju"><span>Andrei Tarkovsky</span></a></div></div></aside><div style="--grid-area:border;" data-gu-name="border" class="dcr-1fnjjtg"><div class="dcr-upmzd8"></div></div><div style="--grid-area:headline;" data-gu-name="headline" class="dcr-1fnjjtg"><div class="dcr-14emo0l"><div class="dcr-p4o50b"><div class="dcr-notra3"><div aria-hidden="true" class="dcr-13832xi"><svg width="11" height="11" viewBox="0 0 11 11" fill="currentColor"><path d="M5.4 0C2.4 0 0 2.4 0 5.4s2.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4-2.4 5.4-5.4S8.4 0 5.4 0zm3 6.8H4.7V1.7h.7L6 5.4l2.4.6v.8z"></path></svg> This article is more than <strong>8 years old</strong></div></div><div class="dcr-13sure5"><div class="dcr-47lvke"><a href="/tone/reviews" class="dcr-epjkf7">Review</a></div></div><h1 class="dcr-1w6uej9">Ivan's Childhood review – audacious, coldly lucid postwar Russian classic</h1><div class="dcr-1nvgr5i">This article is more than 8 years old</div></div></div></div><div style="--grid-area:standfirst;" data-gu-name="standfirst" class="dcr-1fnjjtg"><div class="dcr-rruuos"><div class="dcr-tdnqeh"><svg viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="m19.151 21.336-2.418-7.386L23 9.348l-.312-.989h-7.75L12.547 1h-1.092L9.087 8.36H1.312L1 9.347l6.267 4.602-2.366 7.386.806.624L12 17.357l6.293 4.603z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="m19.151 21.336-2.418-7.386L23 9.348l-.312-.989h-7.75L12.547 1h-1.092L9.087 8.36H1.312L1 9.347l6.267 4.602-2.366 7.386.806.624L12 17.357l6.293 4.603z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="m19.151 21.336-2.418-7.386L23 9.348l-.312-.989h-7.75L12.547 1h-1.092L9.087 8.36H1.312L1 9.347l6.267 4.602-2.366 7.386.806.624L12 17.357l6.293 4.603z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="m19.151 21.336-2.418-7.386L23 9.348l-.312-.989h-7.75L12.547 1h-1.092L9.087 8.36H1.312L1 9.347l6.267 4.602-2.366 7.386.806.624L12 17.357l6.293 4.603z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="m19.151 21.336-2.418-7.386L23 9.348l-.312-.989h-7.75L12.547 1h-1.092L9.087 8.36H1.312L1 9.347l6.267 4.602-2.366 7.386.806.624L12 17.357l6.293 4.603z"></path></svg></div></div><div class=" dcr-1m3qdf6"><p>Tarkovsky’s debut boasts one of the greatest openings in film history in the story of a scarred boy who knows nothing but war, existing as an army scout<br /></p></div></div><aside style="--grid-area:meta;" data-gu-name="meta" class="dcr-1fnjjtg"><div class="dcr-14emo0l"><div class="dcr-ich95x"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="13" viewBox="0 0 1300 13" preserveAspectRatio="none" stroke="var(--article-border)" stroke-width="1" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="dcr-194w08h"><line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="0.5" y2="0.5"></line><line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="4.5" y2="4.5"></line><line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="8.5" y2="8.5"></line><line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="12.5" y2="12.5"></line></svg></div></div><div class="dcr-14emo0l"><div class=" dcr-1v9sla6"><div class="dcr-5oiine"><div class="dcr-1kpcv08"><div class="dcr-1r4u1x3"><picture class="dcr-fbvh4p"><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/uploads/2018/01/10/Peter_Bradshaw,_L.png?width=140&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/uploads/2018/01/10/Peter_Bradshaw,_L.png?width=140&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/uploads/2018/01/10/Peter_Bradshaw,_L.png?width=75&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/uploads/2018/01/10/Peter_Bradshaw,_L.png?width=75&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt="Peter Bradshaw" src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/uploads/2018/01/10/Peter_Bradshaw,_L.png?width=75&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" class="dcr-1yduq3m"/></picture></div><div><address aria-label="Contributor info" data-component="meta-byline" data-link-name="byline"><div class=" dcr-1cfpnlw"><a rel="author" data-link-name="auto tag link" href="https://www.theguardian.com/profile/peterbradshaw">Peter Bradshaw</a></div></address><details style="--mobile-color:inherit;" class="dcr-1pexjb9"><summary class="dcr-1ybxn6r"><span class="dcr-u0h1qy">Thu 19 May 2016 22.45 BST</span></summary>Last modified on Mon 3 Dec 2018 15.27 GMT</details></div></div><div data-print-layout="hide" class="dcr-9dgpdq"><div class=" dcr-16lnb0w"><gu-island name="ShareButton" priority="feature" deferUntil="visible" props="{"pageId":"film/2016/may/19/ivans-childhood-andrei-tarkovsky-review-audacious-lucid-classic","webTitle":"Ivan's Childhood review – audacious, coldly lucid postwar Russian classic","format":{"design":5,"display":0,"theme":3},"context":"ArticleMeta"}"><a href="mailto:?subject=Ivan's Childhood review – audacious, coldly lucid postwar Russian 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id="87a44fd4-2383-4a13-b44d-c96368918059" data-spacefinder-role="richLink" data-spacefinder-type="model.dotcomrendering.pageElements.RichLinkBlockElement" class=" dcr-1your1i"><gu-island name="RichLinkComponent" priority="feature" deferUntil="idle" props="{"richLinkIndex":0,"element":{"_type":"model.dotcomrendering.pageElements.RichLinkBlockElement","prefix":"Related: ","text":"Andrei Tarkovsky: it's time to immerse yourself in the work of a true auteur","elementId":"87a44fd4-2383-4a13-b44d-c96368918059","role":"richLink","url":"http://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/may/16/andrei-tarkovsky-its-time-to-immerse-yourself-in-the-work-of-a-true-auteur"},"ajaxUrl":"https://api.nextgen.guardianapps.co.uk","format":{"design":5,"display":0,"theme":3}}"><div data-print-layout="hide" data-link-name="rich-link-0 | 0" data-component="rich-link" data-name="placeholder" class="dcr-1kyw41h"><div data-format-theme="5" data-format-design="0" data-format-display="0" class="dcr-gss5ug"><a href="http://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/may/16/andrei-tarkovsky-its-time-to-immerse-yourself-in-the-work-of-a-true-auteur" class="dcr-1m887w9"><div class="dcr-1lhuo3r"></div><div class="dcr-ut4tvs"><div class="dcr-1h5b6rb"><div class="dcr-1dgt1gs">Andrei Tarkovsky: it's time to immerse yourself in the work of a true auteur</div></div><div class="dcr-eurq8n"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="m12 0c-6.627 0-12 5.373-12 12 0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12 6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12 0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12m.21 19l-.637-.668 4.888-6.326h-11.465v-1.01h11.465l-4.888-6.333.637-.668 6.79 7.158v.685l-6.79 7.157" class="rich-link__arrow-icon"></path></g></svg><div class="dcr-fkf7vq">Read more</div></div></div></a></div></div></gu-island></figure><p class="dcr-106f06m">Andrei Tarkovsky’s great film from 1962 is now on re-release, and its pure audacity and visual beauty are electrifying: with <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/may/15/fellinis-eight-and-a-half-masterpiece-cinemas-dreamer" data-link-name="in body link">Fellini’s 8½</a>, it boasts one of the great opening dream sequences in movie history. Here, compassion coexists with a cold, lucid brilliance. We are on the Soviet eastern front in the dying months of the second world war: Ivan (Nikolai Burlyayev) is a tousle-haired young boy used as a scout behind enemy lines; his mother and sister having been killed by the Germans, he is consumed with a need for revenge and capable of staggering courage and resourcefulness.</p><div id="sign-in-gate"><gu-island name="SignInGateSelector" priority="feature" deferUntil="visible" props="{"contentType":"Article","sectionId":"film","tags":[{"id":"film/andrei-tarkovsky","type":"Keyword","title":"Andrei Tarkovsky"},{"id":"film/drama","type":"Keyword","title":"Drama films"},{"id":"film/film","type":"Keyword","title":"Film"},{"id":"culture/culture","type":"Keyword","title":"Culture"},{"id":"type/article","type":"Type","title":"Article"},{"id":"tone/reviews","type":"Tone","title":"Reviews"},{"id":"profile/peterbradshaw","type":"Contributor","title":"Peter Bradshaw","twitterHandle":"PeterBradshaw1","bylineImageUrl":"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/uploads/2018/01/10/Peter-Bradshaw.jpg?width=300&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=38f2aab5240221f28720ebeedc37f05c","bylineLargeImageUrl":"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/uploads/2018/01/10/Peter_Bradshaw,_L.png?width=300&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=6d421d09a037265190e3742912ce98ca"},{"id":"publication/theguardian","type":"Publication","title":"The Guardian"},{"id":"theguardian/g2","type":"NewspaperBook","title":"G2"},{"id":"theguardian/g2/film-and-music","type":"NewspaperBookSection","title":"Film and music"},{"id":"tracking/commissioningdesk/uk-culture","type":"Tracking","title":"UK Culture"}],"isPaidContent":false,"isPreview":false,"host":"https://www.theguardian.com","pageId":"film/2016/may/19/ivans-childhood-andrei-tarkovsky-review-audacious-lucid-classic","idUrl":"https://profile.theguardian.com","switches":{"externalVideoEmbeds":true,"abSignInGateMainVariant":true,"lightbox":true,"abGpidPrebidAdUnits":true,"prebidAppnexusUkRow":true,"prebidMagnite":true,"commercialMetrics":true,"prebidTrustx":true,"scAdFreeBanner":false,"adaptiveSite":true,"prebidPermutiveAudience":true,"compareVariantDecision":false,"enableSentryReporting":true,"lazyLoadContainers":true,"ampArticleSwitch":true,"remarketing":true,"articleEndSlot":true,"keyEventsCarousel":true,"registerWithPhone":false,"darkModeWeb":true,"targeting":true,"remoteHeader":true,"slotBodyEnd":true,"prebidImproveDigitalSkins":false,"ampPrebidOzone":true,"extendedMostPopularFronts":true,"emailInlineInFooter":true,"showNewPrivacyWordingOnEmailSignupEmbeds":true,"prebidAnalytics":true,"extendedMostPopular":true,"ampContentAbTesting":false,"prebidCriteo":true,"okta":true,"imrWorldwide":true,"acast":true,"twitterUwt":true,"prebidAppnexusInvcode":true,"ampPrebidPubmatic":true,"abUsaExpandableMarketingCard":true,"a9HeaderBidding":true,"prebidAppnexus":true,"abOnwardsContentArticle":false,"enableDiscussionSwitch":true,"prebidXaxis":true,"stickyVideos":true,"interactiveFullHeaderSwitch":true,"discussionAllPageSize":true,"prebidUserSync":true,"audioOnwardJourneySwitch":true,"brazeTaylorReport":false,"callouts":true,"sentinelLogger":true,"geoMostPopular":true,"weAreHiring":false,"relatedContent":true,"thirdPartyEmbedTracking":true,"prebidOzone":true,"ampLiveblogSwitch":true,"ampAmazon":true,"prebidAdYouLike":true,"mostViewedFronts":true,"optOutAdvertising":true,"abSignInGateMainControl":true,"googleSearch":true,"disableFrontContainerShowHide":true,"abOptOutFrequencyCap":true,"brazeSwitch":true,"prebidKargo":true,"consentManagement":true,"personaliseSignInGateAfterCheckout":true,"prebidSonobi":true,"idProfileNavigation":true,"confiantAdVerification":true,"discussionAllowAnonymousRecommendsSwitch":false,"absoluteServerTimes":false,"permutive":true,"comscore":true,"ampPrebidCriteo":true,"newsletterOnwards":false,"youtubeIma":true,"webFonts":true,"liveBlogTopSponsorship":true,"prebidImproveDigital":false,"abAdBlockAsk":false,"ophan":true,"crosswordSvgThumbnails":true,"prebidTriplelift":true,"weather":true,"prebidPubmatic":true,"serverShareCounts":false,"autoRefresh":true,"enhanceTweets":true,"prebidIndexExchange":true,"prebidOpenx":true,"prebidHeaderBidding":true,"idCookieRefresh":true,"discussionPageSize":true,"smartAppBanner":false,"abNewHeaderBiddingEndpoint":true,"historyTags":true,"brazeContentCards":true,"remoteBanner":true,"emailSignupRecaptcha":true,"prebidSmart":true,"shouldLoadGoogletag":true,"inizio":true,"europeBetaFront":true}}"></gu-island></div><p class="dcr-106f06m">Dream sequences and flashbacks return us to his heartbreakingly happy childhood before the war, and part of the title’s potency lies in showing how long his childhood has lasted, long enough to encompass peace and war. “Scouts are the soul of the front” is the romantic way his job is described: Ivan’s soul, everyone’s soul, is scarred. He is taken under the wing of two officers, Kholin (Valentin Zubkov) and Galtsev (Evgeny Zharikov) who themselves quarrel childishly over their attraction to a beautiful nurse, Masha (Valentina Malyavina) while telling Ivan that this is no place for children.</p><figure id="56c63268-940f-47dc-bb94-ab9434e12a0a" data-spacefinder-role="inline" data-spacefinder-type="model.dotcomrendering.pageElements.VideoYoutubeBlockElement" class=" dcr-173mewl"><div data-component="youtube-embed" class="dcr-1y1vf5o"><div class="dcr-1p870jb"><iframe src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/TK4Ys219CHQ?wmode=opaque&feature=oembed" title="Ivan's Childhood - Trailer" height="345" width="460" allowFullScreen></iframe></div></div></figure><p class="dcr-106f06m">Finally, the three go on a mission in a night-time swamp, eerily lit by flares, to recover the bodies of two Soviet scouts hanged by the Nazis and left out with the jeering placard “Welcome”: it is a matter of both honour and morale to bring these corpses back. Tarkovsky’s classic camera trope is on show here: a mysterious close travelling shot, like a reconnaissance aircraft moving across the surface of an alien planet. He famously said that editing was a matter of sculpting in time: this film’s final hard cut from the desolate battleground to conquered 1945 Berlin is an edit achieved not with a sculptor’s chisel but with a sword or a sledgehammer – and all the more powerful for that. It is one of the great <em>coups de cinéma</em>. Unmissable.</p></div></div><gu-island name="SlotBodyEnd" priority="feature" deferUntil="visible" props="{"contentType":"Article","contributionsServiceUrl":"https://contributions.guardianapis.com","idApiUrl":"https://idapi.theguardian.com","isMinuteArticle":false,"isPaidContent":false,"pageId":"film/2016/may/19/ivans-childhood-andrei-tarkovsky-review-audacious-lucid-classic","sectionId":"film","shouldHideReaderRevenue":false,"stage":"PROD","tags":[{"id":"film/andrei-tarkovsky","type":"Keyword","title":"Andrei Tarkovsky"},{"id":"film/drama","type":"Keyword","title":"Drama films"},{"id":"film/film","type":"Keyword","title":"Film"},{"id":"culture/culture","type":"Keyword","title":"Culture"},{"id":"type/article","type":"Type","title":"Article"},{"id":"tone/reviews","type":"Tone","title":"Reviews"},{"id":"profile/peterbradshaw","type":"Contributor","title":"Peter 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