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data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Storia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Storia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Storia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Definizione" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definizione"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Definizione</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Definizione-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Definizione</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Definizione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Abbreviazioni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abbreviazioni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Abbreviazioni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abbreviazioni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Esempi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Esempi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Esempi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Esempi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header 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</div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">DL50</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 37 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الجرعة المميتة الوسطية - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الجرعة المميتة الوسطية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortalama_%C3%B6ld%C3%BCr%C3%BCc%C3%BC_doza" title="Ortalama öldürücü doza - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ortalama öldürücü doza" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/LD50" title="LD50 - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="LD50" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/DL50" title="DL50 - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="DL50" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/LD50" title="LD50 - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="LD50" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AD%CF%83%CE%B7_%CE%B8%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%86%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%B4%CF%8C%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Μέση θανατηφόρος δόση - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μέση θανατηφόρος δόση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median_lethal_dose" title="Median lethal dose - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Median lethal dose" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortiga_dozo_(LD50)" title="Mortiga dozo (LD50) - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mortiga dozo (LD50)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dosis_letal_media" title="Dosis letal media - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dosis letal media" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keskmine_surmav_annus" title="Keskmine surmav annus - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Keskmine surmav annus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25_50eko_dosi_hilgarri" title="% 50eko dosi hilgarri - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="% 50eko dosi hilgarri" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B2_%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87" title="میانه دوز کشنده - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="میانه دوز کشنده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/LD50" title="LD50 - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="LD50" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dose_l%C3%A9tale_m%C3%A9diane" title="Dose létale médiane - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dose létale médiane" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dose_letal_media" title="Dose letal media - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Dose letal media" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/LD50" title="LD50 - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="LD50" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medi%C3%A1n_hal%C3%A1los_adag" title="Medián halálos adag - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Medián halálos adag" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82_%D5%B9%D5%A1%D6%83%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Միջին մահացու չափաքանակ - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Միջին մահացու չափաքանակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median_dosis_letal" title="Median dosis letal - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Median dosis letal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C3%B0gildisbanaskammtur" title="Miðgildisbanaskammtur - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Miðgildisbanaskammtur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E6%95%B0%E8%87%B4%E6%AD%BB%E9%87%8F" title="半数致死量 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="半数致死量" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%98%EC%88%98_%EC%B9%98%EC%82%AC%EB%9F%89" title="반수 치사량 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="반수 치사량" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="മീഡിയൻ ലീതൽ ഡോസ് - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മീഡിയൻ ലീതൽ ഡോസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dos_maut_median" title="Dos maut median - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Dos maut median" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/LD50" title="LD50 - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="LD50" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letaldose_50" title="Letaldose 50 - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Letaldose 50" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/LD50" title="LD50 - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="LD50" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/LD_50" title="LD 50 - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="LD 50" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dose_letal_mediana" title="Dose letal mediana - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dose letal mediana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%9450" title="ЛД50 - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="ЛД50" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/LD50" title="LD50 - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="LD50" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/LD50" title="LD50 - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="LD50" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5_50" title="แอลดี 50 - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แอลดี 50" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortalama_%C3%B6ld%C3%BCr%C3%BCc%C3%BC_doz" title="Ortalama öldürücü doz - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ortalama öldürücü doz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/LD50" title="LD50 - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="LD50" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%E1%BB%81u_g%C3%A2y_ch%E1%BA%BFt_trung_b%C3%ACnh" title="Liều gây chết trung bình - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Liều gây chết trung bình" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E6%95%B8%E8%87%B4%E6%AD%BB%E9%87%8F" title="半數致死量 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="半數致死量" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q711849#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130659847">.mw-parser-output .RealTitleBanner .RealTitle{font-weight:bold}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .RealTitleBanner{background:#F9F9F9}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139142988">.mw-parser-output .hatnote-content{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{font-style:italic}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote{border:1px solid #CCC;display:flex;margin:.5em 0;padding:.2em .5em}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{padding-left:.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{padding-right:8px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{height:auto;width:16px}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new{color:#d73333}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style> <div class="hatnote RealTitleBanner"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/18px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/27px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/36px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Il titolo di questa pagina non è corretto per via delle caratteristiche del software <a href="/wiki/MediaWiki" title="MediaWiki">MediaWiki</a>. Il titolo corretto è <span class="RealTitle">DL<sub>50</sub></span>.</span></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130658281">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote.nota-disambigua{clear:both;margin-top:0;padding:.05em .5em}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988" /> <div class="hatnote noprint nota-disambigua"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/18px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/27px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/36px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text"><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Disambiguazione" title="Aiuto:Disambiguazione">Disambiguazione</a> – "LD50" rimanda qui. Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi <b><a href="/wiki/LD50_(disambigua)" class="mw-disambig" title="LD50 (disambigua)">LD50 (disambigua)</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Tossicologia" title="Tossicologia">tossicologia</a> il termine <b>DL<sub>50</sub></b> sta per <b>dose letale 50</b> (in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglese" title="Lingua inglese">inglese</a> <b>LD<sub>50</sub></b> da <i>Lethal Dose 50</i>) e si riferisce alla quantità di una <a href="/wiki/Sostanza_(chimica)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sostanza (chimica)">sostanza</a> in grado di uccidere, in una unica somministrazione, il 50% (cioè la metà) di una popolazione campione di animali da esperimento; allo stesso modo viene definita la <b>DL<sub>90</sub></b>, in relazione al 90% di una popolazione. </p><p>Questa misurazione, dato il modo di somministrazione, è un modo per testare il potenziale tossico di una sostanza solo a breve termine (<a href="/wiki/Tossicit%C3%A0_degli_antiblastici" title="Tossicità degli antiblastici">tossicità</a> acuta) e non si riferisce alla tossicità a lungo termine (cioè dovuta a contatto con modiche quantità di una certa sostanza per lunghi periodi). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storia">Storia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DL50&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DL50&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Questa misurazione fu proposta per la prima volta nel <a href="/wiki/1927" title="1927">1927</a> da <a href="/w/index.php?title=J.W._Trevan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J.W. Trevan (la pagina non esiste)">J.W. Trevan</a> come tentativo di trovare un modo per stimare la potenzialità tossica di medicine e sostanze chimiche in generale.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La questione sull'opportunità di calcolare i valori di DL<sub>50</sub> fu posta per la prima volta nel 1981 da Zbinden e Flury-Roversi<sup id="cite_ref-ZbindenFlury-Roversi1981_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZbindenFlury-Roversi1981-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> che sottolineavano anche la scarsa ripetibilità dei valori ottenuti. </p><p>Poiché un singolo test richiedeva all'inizio ben 100 animali (poi ridotti a 20), nel <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a> l'<a href="/wiki/Organizzazione_per_la_cooperazione_e_lo_sviluppo_economico" title="Organizzazione per la cooperazione e lo sviluppo economico">OCSE</a> ha messo ufficialmente al bando tale test (conosciuto anche come <i>guideline 401</i>) e ha promosso lo sviluppo di nuovi test in grado di ridurre o eliminare l'impiego di animali. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definizione">Definizione</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DL50&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Definizione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DL50&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Definizione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La DL<sub>50</sub> viene espressa di solito come quantità di sostanza somministrata rispetto al peso dell'animale usato come <a href="/wiki/Campione_(scienze)" class="mw-redirect" title="Campione (scienze)">campione</a>, normalmente in mg/kg (o mg/hg), ovvero in <a href="/wiki/Milligrammi" class="mw-redirect" title="Milligrammi">milligrammi</a> di sostanza per <a href="/wiki/Chilogrammi" class="mw-redirect" title="Chilogrammi">chilogrammi</a> di peso vivo (o per <a href="/wiki/Ettogrammo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ettogrammo">ettogrammi</a>, per piccoli animali).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Queste sostanze da testare possono essere somministrate in ogni modo, ma la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Via_transdermica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Via transdermica (la pagina non esiste)">via transdermica</a> (applicazione sulla pelle) e <a href="/wiki/Somministrazione_orale" title="Somministrazione orale">orale</a> sono di solito le vie più comuni (anche perché sono le vie più comuni con cui si può venire a contatto con una sostanza); somministrazioni per via <a href="/wiki/Fleboclisi" title="Fleboclisi">endovenosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iniezione_intramuscolare" title="Iniezione intramuscolare">intramuscolare</a> e <a href="/wiki/Peritoneale" class="mw-redirect" title="Peritoneale">intraperitoneale</a> sono altrettanto possibili. </p><p>Per quanto riguarda sostanze gassose, invece, la modalità di ingresso è per inalazione e viene calcolata come concentrazione di gas in grado di uccidere il 50% delle cavie in un certo lasso di tempo (LCt<sub>50</sub>), dove <i>C</i> è la concentrazione (espressa come ppm, cioè <a href="/wiki/Parti_per_milione" title="Parti per milione">parti per milione</a>) e <i>t</i> è il <a href="/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo">tempo</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abbreviazioni">Abbreviazioni</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DL50&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Abbreviazioni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DL50&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Abbreviazioni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Accanto alla sigla DL<sub>50</sub> possono essere specificate altre abbreviazioni che identificano la via di assunzione della <a href="/wiki/Sostanza_tossica" class="mw-redirect" title="Sostanza tossica">sostanza tossica</a> e il soggetto (uomo o cavia) al quale si riferisce la grandezza. </p><p>Ad esempio, con la sigla "ORL MUS LD50" si fa riferimento alla DL<sub>50</sub> misurata per un <a href="/wiki/Topo" class="mw-redirect" title="Topo">topo</a> (MUS) nel caso di assunzione della sostanza in esame per <a href="/wiki/Via_orale" class="mw-redirect" title="Via orale">via orale</a> (ORL). </p><p>Le sigle che identificano le vie di assunzione sono:<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="colonne"> <ul><li>eye: oculare (sulla superficie dell'occhio, per studi sull'irritazione)</li> <li>ial: intraurale (orecchio)</li> <li>iat: intrarteriale</li> <li>ice: intracerebrale</li> <li>icv: intracervicale</li> <li>idr: ipodermico</li> <li>idu: intraduodenale</li> <li>ihl: inalazione</li> <li>imp: impiantato chirurgicamente</li> <li>ims: intramuscolare</li> <li>ipc: intraplacentale</li> <li>ipl: intrapleurale</li> <li>ipr: intraperitoneale</li> <li>irn: intrarenale</li> <li>isp: intraspinale</li> <li>itr: intratracheale</li> <li>itt: intratesticolare</li> <li>iut: intrauterino</li> <li>ivg: intravaginale</li> <li>ivn: intravenoso</li> <li>mul: multiplo (attraverso più vie)</li> <li>ocu: oculare (sulla superficie dell'occhio o nella sacca congiuntivale, per studi di tipo sistemico)</li> <li>orl: orale</li> <li>par: parenterale</li> <li>rec: rettale</li> <li>scu: sottocutaneo</li> <li>skn: sulla pelle</li> <li>unr: non specificato.</li></ul> </div> <p>Le sigle che identificano i soggetti testati sono:<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="colonne"> <ul><li>brd: uccello (non specificato)</li> <li>bwd: uccello selvatico</li> <li>cat: gatto</li> <li>chd: bambino</li> <li>ckn: gallina</li> <li>ctl: bovino</li> <li>dck: anatra</li> <li>dog: cane</li> <li>dom: animale domestico (ovini)</li> <li>frg: rana</li> <li>gpg: porcellino d'India</li> <li>grb: gerbillo</li> <li>ham: criceto</li> <li>hmn: essere umano (uomo/donna)</li> <li>hor: cavallo</li> <li>inf: neonato</li> <li>mam: mammifero (non specificato)</li> <li>man: uomo</li> <li>mky: scimmia</li> <li>mus: topo</li> <li>nml: specie non appartenente ai Mammiferi</li> <li>pgn: piccione</li> <li>pig: maiale</li> <li>qal: quaglia</li> <li>rat: ratto</li> <li>rbt: coniglio</li> <li>sql: scoiattolo</li> <li>tod: rospo</li> <li>trk: tacchino</li> <li>wmn: donna.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Esempi">Esempi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DL50&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Esempi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DL50&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Esempi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scala_veleni.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Scala_veleni.jpg/300px-Scala_veleni.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="455" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Scala_veleni.jpg/450px-Scala_veleni.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Scala_veleni.jpg/600px-Scala_veleni.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3928" /></a><figcaption>Scala veleni in scala logaritmica<sup id="cite_ref-Strey_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strey-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Valori approssimativi di DL<sub>50</sub> ottenuti in seguito a somministrazione orale nel ratto.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>DL<sub>50</sub> <a href="/wiki/Acqua" title="Acqua">Acqua</a>: <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6998900000000000000♠"></span>90<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span> <a href="/wiki/Grammo" title="Grammo">mg</a>/<a href="/wiki/Chilogrammo" title="Chilogrammo">kg</a></span></li> <li>DL<sub>50</sub> <a href="/wiki/Saccarosio" title="Saccarosio">Saccarosio</a>: <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6998300000000000000♠"></span>30<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span> mg/kg</span></li> <li>DL<sub>50</sub> <a href="/wiki/Acido_ascorbico" title="Acido ascorbico">Acido ascorbico</a>: <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6998120000000000000♠"></span>12<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span> mg/kg</span></li> <li>DL<sub>50</sub> <a href="/wiki/Etanolo" title="Etanolo">Etanolo</a>: <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6998100000000000000♠"></span>10<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span> mg/kg</span></li> <li>DL<sub>50</sub> <a href="/wiki/Morfina" title="Morfina">Morfina</a>: <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6996900000000000000♠"></span>900 mg/kg</span></li> <li>DL<sub>50</sub> <a href="/wiki/Atropina" title="Atropina">Atropina</a>: <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6996750000000000000♠"></span>750 mg/kg</span></li> <li>DL<sub>50</sub> <a href="/wiki/Caffeina" title="Caffeina">Caffeina</a>: <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6996199999999999999♠"></span>200 mg/kg</span></li> <li>DL<sub>50</sub> <a href="/wiki/Amfetamina" title="Amfetamina">Amfetamina</a>: <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6995600000000000000♠"></span>60 mg/kg</span></li> <li>DL<sub>50</sub> <a href="/wiki/Nicotina" title="Nicotina">Nicotina</a>: <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6994100000000000000♠"></span>1 mg/kg</span></li> <li>DL<sub>50</sub> <a href="/wiki/Diossina" class="mw-redirect" title="Diossina">Diossina</a>: <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6991100000000000000♠"></span>0,001 mg/kg</span> (1 <a href="/wiki/Microgrammo" class="mw-redirect" title="Microgrammo">mcg</a>/kg)</li> <li>DL<sub>50</sub> <a href="/wiki/Tossina_botulinica" title="Tossina botulinica">Tossina botulinica</a>: <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6988100000000000000♠"></span>0,000001 mg/kg</span> (0,001 mcg/kg)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DL50&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DL50&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/chemicals/ld50.html">What is an LD50 and LC50 : OSH Answers</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZbindenFlury-Roversi1981-2"><a href="#cite_ref-ZbindenFlury-Roversi1981_2-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) G. Zbinden, M. Flury-Roversi, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oadoi.org/10.1007/BF00332351"><span style="font-style:italic;">Significance of the LD50-test for the toxicological evaluation of chemical substances</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Archives of Toxicology</span>, vol. 47, n. 2, 1981, pp. 77-99, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00332351">10.1007/BF00332351</a>. <small>URL consultato l'8 settembre 2012</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090408203229/http://chemlabs.uoregon.edu/Safety/toxicity.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Interpreting Toxicity Values</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">chemlabs.uoregon.edu</span>. <small>URL consultato il 26 maggio 2009</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://chemlabs.uoregon.edu/Safety/toxicity.html">url originale</abbr> l'8 aprile 2009)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFSimmons">Simmons</a>, p. xvi</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFSimmons">Simmons</a>, p. xvii</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Strey-6"><a href="#cite_ref-Strey_6-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) Strey K, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oadoi.org/10.1002/ciuz.201900828"><span style="font-style:italic;">Die Gifte-Skala</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Chemie in Unserer Zeit</span>, vol. 53, n. 6, 2019, pp. 386-399, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fciuz.201900828">10.1002/ciuz.201900828</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"> Walter Balduini, Lucio G. Costa, <i>Tossicologia generale e applicata ai farmaci, </i> Edra, 2015. ></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DL50&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DL50&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Trevan, J.W. (1927). <i>The error of determination of toxicity</i>. Proc R Soc Lond 1.1B:483</li> <li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) H. Leslie Simmons, Richard J. Lewis, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=MH9DrW0UGvwC&hl=it&source=gbs_navlinks_s"><span style="font-style:italic;">Building materials: dangerous properties of products in MasterFormat divisions 7 and 9</span></a>, John Wiley and Sons, 1997, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-442-02289-1" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-442-02289-1">0-442-02289-1</a>, Simmons.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DL50&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DL50&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LDLO" title="LDLO">LDLO</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DL50&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DL50&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/LD50" class="extiw" title="q:LD50">Wikiquote</a></li> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Median lethal dose"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Median_lethal_dose?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikiquote"><img alt="Collabora a Wikiquote" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/18px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/36px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="q:">Wikiquote</a> contiene citazioni sul <b><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/LD50" class="extiw" title="q:LD50">dose letale media</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file sul <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Median_lethal_dose?uselang=it">dose letale media</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DL50&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DL50&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goldbook.iupac.org/L03500.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">IUPAC Gold Book, "lethal dose"</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">goldbook.iupac.org</span>.</cite></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.oecd.org/">https://www.oecd.org/</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list{font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list a{white-space:nowrap}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_odd{background:#fdfdfd;color:var(--color-base,black)}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_even{background:#f7f7f7;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox a.mw-selflink{color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox_image{padding-left:7px;vertical-align:middle;width:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal;text-align:right;width:7em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox_image img{max-width:none!important}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox{margin:-3px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:#e6e6ff;padding:0 10px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Farmacologia"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="background:#efefef"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Farmacologia" title="Template:Farmacologia"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussioni_template:Farmacologia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discussioni template:Farmacologia (la pagina non esiste)"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Farmacologia&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><a href="/wiki/Farmacologia" title="Farmacologia">Farmacologia</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Farmacocinetica" title="Farmacocinetica">Farmacocinetica</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/ADME" title="ADME">ADME</a>:<b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Assorbimento_(farmacologia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Assorbimento (farmacologia) (la pagina non esiste)">Assorbimento</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Distribuzione_(farmacologia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Distribuzione (farmacologia) (la pagina non esiste)">Distribuzione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Biotrasformazione" title="Biotrasformazione">Biotrasformazione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Escrezione" title="Escrezione">Escrezione</a> (<a href="/wiki/Clearance" title="Clearance">Clearance</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parametri_Farmacocinetici&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parametri Farmacocinetici (la pagina non esiste)">Parametri Farmacocinetici</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dose_di_carico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dose di carico (la pagina non esiste)">Dose di carico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Volume_di_distribuzione" title="Volume di distribuzione">Volume di distribuzione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bioequivalenza" title="Bioequivalenza">Bioequivalenza</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Biodisponibilit%C3%A0" title="Biodisponibilità">Biodisponibilità</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Emivita_(farmacologia)" title="Emivita (farmacologia)">Emivita</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Legame_dei_farmaci_alle_proteine_plasmatiche" title="Legame dei farmaci alle proteine plasmatiche">Legame dei farmaci alle proteine plasmatiche</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Indice_terapeutico" title="Indice terapeutico">Indice terapeutico</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">DL50</a> / <a href="/wiki/ED50" title="ED50">ED50</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Finestra_terapeutica" title="Finestra terapeutica">Finestra terapeutica</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Farmacodinamica" title="Farmacodinamica">Farmacodinamica</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curva_dose-risposta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curva dose-risposta (la pagina non esiste)">Curva dose-risposta</a><b> ·</b> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Efficacia_(farmacologia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Efficacia (farmacologia) (la pagina non esiste)">Efficacia</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Potenza_(farmacologia)" title="Potenza (farmacologia)">Potenza</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Farmacodinamica_antimicrobica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Farmacodinamica antimicrobica (la pagina non esiste)">Farmacodinamica antimicrobica</a>:<b> ·</b> <a 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class="new" title="Agonista parziale (la pagina non esiste)">Agonista parziale</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Superagonista" title="Superagonista">Superagonista</a> <p><a href="/wiki/Antagonista_(biochimica)" title="Antagonista (biochimica)">Antagonista</a>:<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Antagonista_competitivo" class="mw-redirect" title="Antagonista competitivo">Antagonista competitivo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antagonista_irreversibile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antagonista irreversibile (la pagina non esiste)">Antagonista irreversibile</a> </p> Altro:<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Legame_(molecolare)" class="mw-redirect" title="Legame (molecolare)">Legame (molecolare)</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Altro</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tolleranza_farmacologica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tolleranza farmacologica (la pagina non esiste)">Tolleranza farmacologica</a>:<b> ·</b> 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