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nilalaman</span></a></li><li id="n-Napiling-nilalaman" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mga_napiling_artikulo"><span>Napiling nilalaman</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Alin_man" title="Magpalabas ng kahit-anong artikulo [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Alinmang artikulo</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Patungkol"><span>Patungkol sa Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kasalukuyang_pangyayari" title="Hanapin ang mga impormasyon tungkol sa mga kamakailang kaganapan"><span>Mga kaganapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Pakikihalubilo" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Pakikihalubilo" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pakikihalubilo </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Puntahan_ng_pamayanan" title="Tungkol sa proyekto, ano ang maari mong gawin, at kung saan maari maghanap ng mga bagay"><span>Pamayanan</span></a></li><li id="n-Kapihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kapihan"><span>Kapihan</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_huling_binago" title="Tala ng mga huling pagbabago sa wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Mga huling binago</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Makipag-ugnayan_sa_amin" title="Paano makokontak ang Wikipedia"><span>Makipag-ugnayan</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tulong" title="Ang lugar para maghanap ng tulong sa Wikipedia."><span>Tulong</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Unang_Pahina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ang Malayang Ensiklopedya" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-tl.svg" width="119" height="13" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Maghanap" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Maghanap sa Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Hanapin</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" aria-label="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Maghanap sa Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Natatangi:Maghanap"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Hanapin</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itsura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itsura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itsura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tl.wikipedia.org&uselang=tl" class=""><span>Donasyon</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&returnto=Lohika" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito" class=""><span>Gumawa ng account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit&returnto=Lohika" title="Mas maganda kung magla-login ka; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Mag-login</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Marami pang pagpipilian" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mga pansariling kagamitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tl.wikipedia.org&uselang=tl"><span>Donasyon</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Mag-ambag</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&returnto=Lohika" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Gumawa ng account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit&returnto=Lohika" title="Mas maganda kung magla-login ka; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Mag-login</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mga pahina para sa naka-logout na mga patnugot o editor <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Maligayang_pagdating!" aria-label="Alamin pa ang tungkol sa pagpapatnugot"><span>alamin pa</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Usapan_ko" title="Usapang tungkol sa mga pagbabagong ginawa sa ip address na ito [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Usapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Mga nilalaman" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mga nilalaman</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">itago</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Simula</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Kalikasan_ng_lohika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kalikasan_ng_lohika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Kalikasan ng lohika</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kalikasan_ng_lohika-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Kalikasan ng lohika</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kalikasan_ng_lohika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lohikang_Impormal,_Pormal_at_Simboliko" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lohikang_Impormal,_Pormal_at_Simboliko"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Lohikang Impormal, Pormal at Simboliko</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lohikang_Impormal,_Pormal_at_Simboliko-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tingnan_din" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tingnan_din"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Tingnan din</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tingnan_din-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mga nilalaman" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lohika</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pumunta sa isang artikulo na nakasulat sa ibang wika. Mayroon ito sa 164 (na) wika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-164" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">164 (na) wika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logika" title="Logika – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Logika" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logik" title="Logik – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Logik" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%8A%90_%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%9D%E1%8A%AD%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%AE" title="ስነ አምክንዮ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ስነ አምክንዮ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lochica" title="Lochica – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Lochica" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="तर्कशास्त्र – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="तर्कशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82" title="منطق – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="منطق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82" title="منطق – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="منطق" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0" title="তৰ্কশাস্ত্ৰ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="তৰ্কশাস্ত্ৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B3xica" title="Lóxica – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Lóxica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%99ntiq" title="Məntiq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Məntiq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%DB%8C%D9%82" title="منطیق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="منطیق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Логика – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Логика" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logik" title="Logik – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Logik" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luog%C4%97ka" title="Luogėka – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Luogėka" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lohika" title="Lohika – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Lohika" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Логіка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Логіка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%91%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лёгіка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лёгіка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mant%C3%A8k" title="Mantèk – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Mantèk" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Логика – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Логика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="যুক্তিবিজ্ঞান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="যুক্তিবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poelloniezh" title="Poelloniezh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Poelloniezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logika" title="Logika – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Logika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logika" title="Logika – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Logika" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ушар ухаан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Ушар ухаан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B2gica" title="Lògica – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lògica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logica" title="Logica – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Logica" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Логика – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Логика" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%86%DA%98%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="لۆژیک – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لۆژیک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logica" title="Logica – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Logica" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mant%C4%B1q" title="Mantıq – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Mantıq" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logika" title="Logika – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Logika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Логика – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Логика" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhesymeg" title="Rhesymeg – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhesymeg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logik" title="Logik – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Logik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logik" title="Logik – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Logik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Λογική – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λογική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic" title="Logic – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Logic" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logiko" title="Logiko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Logiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B3gica" title="Lógica – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lógica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loogika" title="Loogika – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Loogika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logika" title="Logika – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Logika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B3gica" title="Lógica – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Lógica" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82" title="منطق – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="منطق" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logiikka" title="Logiikka – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Logiikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loogiga" title="Loogiga – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Loogiga" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakasama" title="Vakasama – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Vakasama" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logique" title="Logique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Logique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loogik" title="Loogik – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Loogik" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logika" title="Logika – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Logika" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loighic" title="Loighic – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Loighic" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%82%8F%E8%BC%AF%E5%AD%B8" title="邏輯學 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="邏輯學" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lojik" title="Lojik – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lojik" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B3xica" title="Lóxica – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lóxica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuaarape" title="Kuaarape – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kuaarape" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%ABpili" title="Kūpili – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kūpili" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="לוגיקה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לוגיקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="तर्कशास्त्र – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तर्कशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic" title="Logic – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Logic" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logika" title="Logika – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Logika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logika" title="Logika – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Logika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Տրամաբանություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տրամաբանություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Տրամաբանութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Տրամաբանութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logica" title="Logica – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Logica" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logik" title="Logik – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Logik" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logika" title="Logika – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Logika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logica" title="Logica – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Logica" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C7%B8z%C3%B9" title="Ǹzù – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ǹzù" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lohika" title="Lohika – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Lohika" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logiko" title="Logiko – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Logiko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B6kfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Rökfræði – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rökfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logica" title="Logica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Logica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AB%96%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="論理学 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="論理学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lajik" title="Lajik – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Lajik" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/logji" title="logji – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="logji" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logika" title="Logika – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Logika" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ლოგიკა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლოგიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tame%E1%BA%93la" title="Tameẓla – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tameẓla" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C9%94l%C9%A9y%C9%9B" title="Cɔlɩyɛ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Cɔlɩyɛ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A8go_(logic)" title="Ũgo (logic) – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Ũgo (logic)" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Логика – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Логика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6" title="តក្កវិជ្ជា – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="តក្កវិជ្ជា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%85%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="논리학 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="논리학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mentiq" title="Mentiq – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Mentiq" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lojyk" title="Lojyk – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Lojyk" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Логика – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Логика" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logica" title="Logica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Logica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logik" title="Logik – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Logik" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8C" title="Мантикь – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Мантикь" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lojica" title="Lojica – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Lojica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logica" title="Logica – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Logica" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logega" title="Logega – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Logega" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logika" title="Logika – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Logika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lo%C4%A3ika" title="Loģika – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Loģika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B4jika" title="Lôjika – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Lôjika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logika" title="Logika – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Logika" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Логика – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Логика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="തർക്കശാസ്ത്രം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തർക്കശാസ്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Логик – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Логик" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="तर्कशास्त्र – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तर्कशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logik" title="Logik – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Logik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B3gica" title="Lógica – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Lógica" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="ယုတ္တိဗေဒ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ယုတ္တိဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82" title="منطق – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="منطق" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logik" title="Logik – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Logik" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="तर्क – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="तर्क" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logica" title="Logica – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Logica" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logikk" title="Logikk – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Logikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logikk" title="Logikk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Logikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logike" title="Logike – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Logike" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logica" title="Logica – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Logica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaaya(logic)" title="Yaaya(logic) – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Yaaya(logic)" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0" title="ਤਰਕ ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤਰਕ ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lojik" title="Lojik – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Lojik" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logika" title="Logika – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Logika" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B2gica" title="Lògica – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lògica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8F%DA%A9" title="تُک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تُک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%D9%87" title="سولپوهنه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سولپوهنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B3gica" title="Lógica – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lógica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sullwa" title="Sullwa – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Sullwa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic%C4%83" title="Logică – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Logică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Логика – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Логика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D2%91%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лоґіка – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Лоґіка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Логика – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Логика" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱡᱩᱠᱛᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱡᱩᱠᱛᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B2gica" title="Lògica – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Lògica" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B2ggica" title="Lòggica – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lòggica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic" title="Logic – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Logic" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82" title="منطق – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="منطق" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logika" title="Logika – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Logika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tam%E1%BA%93la" title="Tamẓla – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tamẓla" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic" title="Logic – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Logic" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logika" title="Logika – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Logika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logika" title="Logika – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Logika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logjika" title="Logjika – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Logjika" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Логика – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Логика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logika" title="Logika – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Logika" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logik" title="Logik – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Logik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantiki" title="Mantiki – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mantiki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8F%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஏரணம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஏரணம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D2%9B" title="Мантиқ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Мантиқ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ตรรกศาสตร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตรรกศาสตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantyk" title="Mantyk – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Mantyk" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%D3%99nty%C7%A7" title="Mәntyǧ – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Mәntyǧ" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lajik" title="Lajik – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Lajik" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mant%C4%B1k" title="Mantık – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mantık" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BA" title="Мантыйк – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мантыйк" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Билиглел – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Билиглел" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Логіка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Логіка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82" title="منطق – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="منطق" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantiq" title="Mantiq – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mantiq" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logik" title="Logik – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Logik" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic" title="Logic – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Logic" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodjike" title="Lodjike – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Lodjike" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lohika" title="Lohika – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Lohika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%82%8F%E8%BC%AF" title="邏輯 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="邏輯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-logic" title="I-logic – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="I-logic" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ლოგიკა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ლოგიკა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A7" title="לאגיק – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="לאגיק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cgb%E1%BB%8D%CC%81n" title="Ọgbọ́n – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ọgbọ́n" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%A5%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵜⴰⵎⵥⵍⴰ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⴰⵎⵥⵍⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91" title="逻辑 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="逻辑" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%90%86%E5%89%87" title="理則 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="理則" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su-l%C3%AD" title="Su-lí – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Su-lí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tl" dir="ltr"><p>Ang <b>lohika</b> o <b>matwiran</b> (<a href="/wiki/Wikang_Kastila" title="Wikang Kastila">Kastila</a>: <i>lógica</i>, <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Ingles" title="Wikang Ingles">Ingles</a>: <i>logic</i>) ay ang <a href="/wiki/Pangangatwiran" title="Pangangatwiran">pangangatwiran</a> na ginagamit upang maabot ang katapusang pangungusap (konklusyon) mula sa hanay ng mga palagay. Sa mas pormal na kahulugan, isang pag-aaral ng mga palagay ang lohikal-ang proseso kung saan nalilikha ang mga bagong pahayag mula sa mga napatunayan nang mga pahayag. Isang masalimuot na talakayan sa pagitan ng mga pilosopo ang pagbibigay ng eksaktong kahulugan sa “lohika.” Ngunit anuman ang batayang napili para sa pag-aaral ng lohika, ang mithiin ng mga tagapagtaguyod nito ay ang pagpapaunlad sa kakayanan ng tao na mapaghiwalay ang mga tumpak sa di-tumpak na pangangatwiran bilang gabay sa wastong pag-iisip. Ang salitang "lohika" ay mula sa lumang <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Griyego" title="Wikang Griyego">Griyego</a> na λόγος (<i>logos</i>), na literal nitong kahulugan ay “ang salita” o “ang sinabi”, ngunit mas pinipili ang kahulugan nito bilang “kaisipan” o “katwiran”. </p><p>Sa likas nitong anyo, ang kayarian ng mga palagay ang nagkakaroon ng partikular na pansin—ang <i>pormal</i> na ugnayan sa pagitan ng bagong gawang mga pahayag at mga napatunayan nang pahayag, kung saan nangangahulugan ang "pormal" na malaya ang ugnayan mula sa pahayag nito mismo. Mahalaga ang pagsiyasat sa <i>pagkakaroon ng batayan</i> sa hakahaka, kasama ang mga iba't ibang posibleng kahulugan ng pagkakaroon ng batayan at praktikal na kondisyon sa kanyang kapasyahan. Sa ganitong paraan, nakikita na may mahalagang ginagampanan ang lohika sa <a href="/wiki/Epistemolohiya" title="Epistemolohiya">epistemolohiya</a> na nagbibigay ng mekanismo para sa pagpapalawig (ekstensiyon) ng <a href="/wiki/Kaalaman" title="Kaalaman">kaalaman</a>. </p><p>Bilang pangalawang resulta, nagbibigay-hatol sa pangangatwiran ang lohika; sa madaling salita, kung papaano dapat mangatwiran ang mga tao—gayon din ang iba pang mga matatalinong nilalang, makina, at sistema. Gayunman, di-mahalaga sa lohika ang ganoong mga kahatulan. Mas mahalaga para dito ang mga paglalapat. Kadalasang pinag-aaralan sa ibang larangan kung papaano mangatwiran ang mga tao, kasama na dito ang <a href="/wiki/Kognitibong_sikolohiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Kognitibong sikolohiya">kognitibong sikolohiya</a>. </p><p>Sa tradisyon, pinag-aaralan ang lohika bilang isang sangay ng <a href="/wiki/Pilosopiya" title="Pilosopiya">pilosopiya</a>. Simula noong kalagitnaan ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dekada_ng_1800&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dekada ng 1800 (hindi pa naisusulat)">dekada ng 1800</a> karaniwang pinag-aaralan ang lohika sa <a href="/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika">matematika</a>, at, mas kamakailan lamang, sa <a href="/wiki/Agham_pangkompyuter" title="Agham pangkompyuter">agham pangkompyuter</a>. Bilang isang <a href="/wiki/Agham" title="Agham">agham</a>, sinisiyasat at inuuri ng lohika ang mga kayarian ng mga pangungusap at pagpapalitan ng mga palagay at gumagawa ng balangkas (schemata) na kung saan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kodipikasyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kodipikasyon (hindi pa naisusulat)">ginagawang kodigo</a> ito. Kung gayon, maaaring malawak ang sakop ng lohika, kasama ang espesyal na pag-aaral ng pangangatwiran tungkol sa "maaaring totoo", <a href="/wiki/Probabilidad" title="Probabilidad">probabilidad</a>, at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasanhian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kasanhian (hindi pa naisusulat)">kasanhian</a> (causality). Pinag-aaralan din sa lohika ang mga kayarian ng mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Di-totoong_pahayag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Di-totoong pahayag (hindi pa naisusulat)">di-makatotohanang argumento</a> at mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paradoha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paradoha (hindi pa naisusulat)">paradoha</a>.. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kalikasan_ng_lohika">Kalikasan ng lohika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lohika&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Kalikasan ng lohika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lohika&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Kalikasan ng lohika"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dahil sa mahalagang gampanin nito sa pilosopiya, matindi ang pagtatalo tungkol sa kalikasan ng lohika, at mahirap maglagay ng mga tiyak na tanda sa nasasakupan ng lohika na magiging katanggap-tanggap sa pananaw ng mga magkakatunggali. Gayunpaman, may matibay na sandigan at malinaw na direksiyon ang pag-aaral ng lohika sa kabila ng mga pagtatalo. Maaari nating ilarawan ang lohika sa limang paraan. Una, tatalakayin natin ang mga pangunahing kaisipan tungkol sa anyo nito, Ikalawa, ihahanay natin sa isang balangkas ang iba-ibang samahan ng palaisip sa lohika. Pangatlo, iuulat natin ang pinaigsing kasaysayan nito. Pang-apat, ipapakita natin ang kaugnayan nito sa iba pang mga agham. Pang-lima at pang-huli, ipapaliwanag natin ang mga mahahalagang kaisipan sa lohika. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lohikang_Impormal,_Pormal_at_Simboliko"><span id="Lohikang_Impormal.2C_Pormal_at_Simboliko"></span>Lohikang Impormal, Pormal at Simboliko</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lohika&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Lohikang Impormal, Pormal at Simboliko" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lohika&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Lohikang Impormal, Pormal at Simboliko"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pangunahing kaisipan ang anyo sa pagtalakay sa kalikasan ng lohika, at ito ang nagpapahirap sa pagpapaliwanag ng "pormal" sa "lohikang pormal" na madalas na hindi malinaw sa mga pag-uusap. Narito ang kahulugang ginagamit sa mga susunod pang bahagi ng sulating ito: </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lohikang_impormal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lohikang impormal (hindi pa naisusulat)">Lohikang impormal</a></b> ang pag-aaral ng mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lohikal_na_argumento&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lohikal na argumento (hindi pa naisusulat)">argumento</a> o pagtatalo sa <a href="/wiki/Likas_na_wika" title="Likas na wika">likas na wika</a> (natural language). Mahalagang sangay nito ang pag-aaral ng mga <a href="/wiki/Kamalian" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamalian">kamalian</a>. Taglay ng imperensya (pagdudugtong-dugtong ng mga palagay) ang purong pormal na nilalaman kung ipinapakita nito ang isang tiyak na paglalapat ng isang walang-pinatutungkulang alituntunin, isang alituntunin na hindi ikinakapit para sa isang tiyak na bagay o katangian. Sa bandang huli, makikita natin na magkatulad ang kahulugan ng lohika, lohikal na imperensya at imperensya. Hindi nito ibig sabihin na may patlang sa gitna ng lohikang impormal, dahil maaari nating naisin na siyasatin ang lohika nang hindi nakagapos sa isang uri ng pormal na pag-aanalisa.</li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lohikang_pormal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lohikang pormal (hindi pa naisusulat)">Lohikang pormal</a></b> ang pag-aaral ng imperensya na may purong pormal na nilalaman, na kung saan malinaw na binabanggit ang mga nilalaman.</li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lohikang_simboliko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lohikang simboliko (hindi pa naisusulat)">Lohikang simboliko</a></b> ang pag-aaral ng mga walang-pinatutungkulang sagisag na kinukuha ang mga pormal na katangian ng mga lohikal na imperensya.</li></ul> <p>Nagiging malabo ang usapan kapag ginagamit ang lohikang impormal na <a href="/wiki/Singkahulugan" class="mw-redirect" title="Singkahulugan">singkahulugan</a> ng lohikang simboliko ayon sa ibinigay na kahulugan sa itaas, na kung saan ang lohikang impormal ay itinuturing na hindi gumagamit ng mga walang-pinatutungkulang sagisag. Ito ang kahulugan ng 'pormal' na matatagpuan sa "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pormal_na_wika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pormal na wika (hindi pa naisusulat)">pormal na wika</a>" o "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pormal_na_teoriya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pormal na teoriya (hindi pa naisusulat)">pormal na teoriya</a>". </p><p>Sa nabanggit na analisis sa itaas, maituturing na matagal nang pag-aaral ang lohikang pormal, makababalik tayo sa nakaraang 2,000 taon, habang tila bago pa lamang na pag-aaral ang lohikang simboliko, at bunga ito ng paglalapat ng mga natuklasan sa matematika upang sagutin ang mga tanong sa lohika. Ang pag-usad mula sa lohikang impormal tungo sa lohikang pormal at sa pagpapatuloy sa lohikang simboliko ay masasabing pag-unlad sa antas ng pag-iisip: na kinakailangan, dahil mauunawaan lamang natin ang lohikang simboliko kung naisaloob na natin ang iba-ibang kasunduan na tanggap ng nakararami para sa pag-aanalisa ng mga sagisag sa lohika. Sa pangkalahatan, nakukuha ng pormal na sistema ang lohika, na binubuo ng pormal na wika, na ilarawan ang mga hanay ng mga pormula at hanay ng mga alituntunin ng paghahango (derivation). Madalas na ginagamit ang mga pormula upang katawanin ang mga pag-angkin natin sa mga bagay na gusto natin, at gayundin kinakatawan ng mga alituntunin ng paghango ang mga imperensya; may kinikilingang interpretasyon ang ganoong mga sistema. </p><p>Sa loob ng pormal na sistemang ito, inilalahad ng mga alituntunin ng paghahango at mga posibleng <a href="/wiki/Aksyoma" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Aksyoma">aksyoma</a> ang hanay ng mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teorema&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teorema (hindi pa naisusulat)">teorema</a>, na mga pormula na maaaring hanguin mula sa paggamit ng mga alituntunin ng paghahango. Ang pinakamahalagang katangian ng lohikal na sistemang pormal ay ang <a href="/wiki/Mainam" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainam">kainaman</a> nito, na isang katangian na batay sa paliwanag, ay nangangahulugan na ang lahat ng mga alituntunin ng paghahango ay mga tumpak na imperensya (pagdudugtong-dugtong ng mga palagay). Ang mga teorema ng mainam na sistemang pormal ay ang mga <a href="/wiki/Katotohanan" title="Katotohanan">katotohanan</a>. Isang pasubali na kailangang taglay ng isang mainam na sistema ay ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagkakabuklod&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pagkakabuklod (hindi pa naisusulat)">pagkakabuklod</a>, na nangangahulugan na walang salungatan sa isa't isa ang mga teorema. Mahalaga rin ang pagkabuo, na walang pagkukulang, na lahat ng totoo ay maaari ding patunayan. Ngunit kung narating na ng wika ng lohika ang isang antas ng kakayahang-magsabi (expressiveness), (tulad ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pangalawang-bahagdan_ng_lohika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pangalawang-bahagdan ng lohika (hindi pa naisusulat)">pangalawang-bahagdan ng lohika</a>), ang pagkabuo ay mahirap abutin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tingnan_din">Tingnan din</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lohika&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Tingnan din" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lohika&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Tingnan din"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pilosopiya" title="Pilosopiya">Pilosopiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silogismo" 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pa naisusulat)"><abbr title="Pag-usapan ang padron">u</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-baguhin"><a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Padron:Areas_of_mathematics&action=edit"><abbr title="Baguhin ang padron">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Matematika_(sipnayan)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika">Matematika</a> <small>(sipnayan)</small></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kasaysayan_ng_matematika" title="Kasaysayan ng matematika">Kasaysayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilosopiya_ng_matematika" title="Pilosopiya ng matematika">Pilosopiya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haligi_ng_matematika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haligi ng matematika (hindi pa naisusulat)">Haligi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Teorya ng</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teorya_ng_impormasyon" title="Teorya ng impormasyon">impormasyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teorya_ng_kategorya" title="Teorya ng kategorya">kategorya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teorya_ng_pangkat" title="Teorya ng pangkat">pangkat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teorya_ng_uri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teorya ng uri (hindi pa naisusulat)">uri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lohikang_matematikal" title="Lohikang matematikal">Lohika</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alhebra" title="Alhebra">Alhebra</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alhebrang_basal" title="Alhebrang basal">Basal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alhebrang_elementaryo" title="Alhebrang elementaryo">Elementaryo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alhebrang_homolohika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alhebrang homolohika (hindi pa naisusulat)">Homolohika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alhebrang_komutatibo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alhebrang komutatibo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Komutatibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alhebrang_linyar" title="Alhebrang linyar">Linyar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alhebrang_multilinyar" title="Alhebrang multilinyar">multi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alhebrang_pangkalahatan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alhebrang pangkalahatan (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pangkalahatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teorya_ng_grupo" title="Teorya ng grupo">Teorya ng grupo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pagsusuring_matematikal" title="Pagsusuring matematikal">Pagsusuri</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ekwasyong_diperensiyal" title="Ekwasyong diperensiyal">Ekwasyong diperensiyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalkulo" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalkulo">Kalkulo</a></li> <li><i>Pagsusuring...</i> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagsusuring_harmoniko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pagsusuring harmoniko (hindi pa naisusulat)">harmoniko</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagsusuring_komplikado&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pagsusuring komplikado (hindi pa naisusulat)">komplikado</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagsusuring_hiperkomplikado&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pagsusuring hiperkomplikado (hindi pa naisusulat)">hiper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagsusuring_punsiyonal" title="Pagsusuring punsiyonal">punsiyon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagsusuring_tunay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pagsusuring tunay (hindi pa naisusulat)">tunay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukat_(matematika)" title="Sukat (matematika)">Teorya ng sukat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Matematikang_diskreto" title="Matematikang diskreto">Diskreto</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kombinatorika" title="Kombinatorika">Kombinatorika</a></li> <li><i>Teorya ng...</i> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teorya_ng_ayos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teorya ng ayos (hindi pa naisusulat)">ayos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teorya_ng_grap" title="Teorya ng grap">grap</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heometriya" title="Heometriya">Heometriya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heometriyang_alhebraiko" title="Heometriyang alhebraiko">Alhebraiko</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heometriyang_aritmetiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heometriyang aritmetiko (hindi pa naisusulat)">Aritmetiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heometriyang_deribatibo" title="Heometriyang deribatibo">Deribatibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heometriyang_diskreto" class="mw-redirect" title="Heometriyang diskreto">Diskreto</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heometriyang_Euclides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heometriyang Euclides (hindi pa naisusulat)">Euclides</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heometriyang_natatapos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heometriyang natatapos (hindi pa naisusulat)">Natatapos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heometriyang_pasuri" title="Heometriyang pasuri">Pasuri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Teorya_ng_bilang" title="Teorya ng bilang">Teorya ng bilang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alhebraikong_teorya_ng_bilang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alhebraikong teorya ng bilang (hindi pa naisusulat)">Alhebraiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aritmetika" title="Aritmetika">Aritmetika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heometriyang_diopantika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heometriyang diopantika (hindi pa naisusulat)">Heometriyang diopantika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasuring_teorya_ng_bilang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasuring teorya ng bilang (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pasuri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Topolohiya" title="Topolohiya">Topolohiya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Topolohiyang_alhebraiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Topolohiyang alhebraiko (hindi pa naisusulat)">Alhebraiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topolohiyang_diperensiyal" class="mw-redirect" title="Topolohiyang diperensiyal">Diperensiyal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Topolohiyang_heometriko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Topolohiyang heometriko (hindi pa naisusulat)">Heometriko</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homotopiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homotopiya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Homotopiya</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teorya_ng_homotopiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teorya ng homotopiya (hindi pa naisusulat)">teorya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Topolohiyang_pangkalahatan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Topolohiyang pangkalahatan (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pangkalahatan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Matematikang_nalalapat" class="mw-redirect" title="Matematikang nalalapat">Nalalapat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agham_pansistema&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agham pansistema (hindi pa naisusulat)">Agham pansistema</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pananaliksik_pang-operasyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pananaliksik pang-operasyon (hindi pa naisusulat)">pananaliksik pang-operasyon</a></li> <li><i>teorya ng...</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teorya_ng_kontrol" title="Teorya ng kontrol">kontrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teorya_ng_laro" title="Teorya ng laro">laro</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estadistika" title="Estadistika">Estadistika</a></li> <li><i>Matematikang...</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matematikang_pangbiolohiya" title="Matematikang pangbiolohiya">biolohiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matematikang_pang-ekonomika" title="Matematikang pang-ekonomika">ekonomika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matematikang_pang-estadistika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matematikang pang-estadistika (hindi pa naisusulat)">estadistika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matematikang_pang-inhinyera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matematikang pang-inhinyera (hindi pa naisusulat)">inhinyera</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matematikang_pangkimika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matematikang pangkimika (hindi pa naisusulat)">kimika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matematikang_pampananalapi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matematikang pampananalapi (hindi pa naisusulat)">pananalapi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matematikang_pampisika" title="Matematikang pampisika">pisika</a></li> <li><a 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pangkompyuter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optimisasyong_matematikal" title="Optimisasyong matematikal">Optimisasyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagsusuring_pambilang" title="Pagsusuring pambilang">Pagsusuring pambilang</a></li> <li><i>Teorya ng...</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teorya_ng_komputasyon" title="Teorya ng komputasyon">komputasyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teorya_ng_komputasyonal_na_komplehidad" title="Teorya ng komputasyonal na komplehidad">komputasyonal na komplehidad</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kaugnay</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matematika_bilang_libangan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matematika bilang libangan (hindi pa naisusulat)">Matematika bilang libangan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mathematika_at_sining&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" 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