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id="toc-School_of_the_Line-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hawaiian_Department" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hawaiian_Department"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Hawaiian Department </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hawaiian_Department-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Purdue_University" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Purdue_University"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Purdue University </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Purdue_University-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Army_War_College" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Army_War_College"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Army War College </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Army_War_College-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._Army_Field_Artillery_School" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._Army_Field_Artillery_School"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 U.S. Army Field Artillery School </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._Army_Field_Artillery_School-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battalion_command" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battalion_command"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Battalion command </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battalion_command-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civilian_Conservation_Corps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civilian_Conservation_Corps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.7 Civilian Conservation Corps </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civilian_Conservation_Corps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Executive_officer_to_the_Chief_of_Field_Artillery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executive_officer_to_the_Chief_of_Field_Artillery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.8 Executive officer to the Chief of Field Artillery </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executive_officer_to_the_Chief_of_Field_Artillery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brigade_command" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brigade_command"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.9 Brigade command </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brigade_command-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Command_and_General_Staff_College" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Command_and_General_Staff_College"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.10 Command and General Staff College </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Command_and_General_Staff_College-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 World War II </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle World War II subsection </button> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-General_Headquarters,_United_States_Army" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_Headquarters,_United_States_Army"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 General Headquarters, United States Army </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_Headquarters,_United_States_Army-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Army_Ground_Forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Army_Ground_Forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Army Ground Forces </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Army_Ground_Forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-AGF_creation_and_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#AGF_creation_and_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.1 AGF creation and operations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-AGF_creation_and_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personnel_recruiting_and_training" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personnel_recruiting_and_training"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.2 Personnel recruiting and training </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personnel_recruiting_and_training-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Training" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Training"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.2.1 Training </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Training-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Guard" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Guard"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.2.2 National Guard </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Guard-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fielding_army_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fielding_army_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.2.3 Fielding army divisions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fielding_army_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Individual_replacement_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Individual_replacement_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.2.4 Individual replacement system </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Individual_replacement_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recruitment_efforts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recruitment_efforts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.2.5 Recruitment efforts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recruitment_efforts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-African-American_soldiers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#African-American_soldiers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.2.6 African-American soldiers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-African-American_soldiers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anti-tank_weapons_and_doctrine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-tank_weapons_and_doctrine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.3 Anti-tank weapons and doctrine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-tank_weapons_and_doctrine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tanks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tanks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.4 Tanks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tanks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_and_burial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_and_burial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Death and burial </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_and_burial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hearing_loss" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hearing_loss"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Hearing loss </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hearing_loss-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Legacy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Legacy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reputation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reputation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Reputation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reputation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_debate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_debate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Historical debate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_debate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Awards and honors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Family </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Family-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Family subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Clare_McNair" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clare_McNair"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Clare McNair </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clare_McNair-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Douglas_C._McNair" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Douglas_C._McNair"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Douglas C. McNair </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Douglas_C._McNair-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Military awards </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dates_of_rank" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dates_of_rank"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Dates of rank </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dates_of_rank-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_by_McNair" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_by_McNair"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Works by McNair </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_by_McNair-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Sources </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sources-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Sources subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.1 Books </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.2 Internet </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Magazines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Magazines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.3 Magazines </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Magazines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Newspapers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Newspapers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.4 Newspapers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Newspapers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Lesley J. McNair</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 9 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-9" aria-hidden="true" > 9 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="ليزلي جيه ماكنير – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ليزلي جيه ماكنير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesley_J._McNair" title="Lesley J. McNair – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lesley J. McNair" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesley_J._McNair" title="Lesley J. McNair – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lesley J. McNair" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesley_McNair" title="Lesley McNair – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lesley McNair" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesley_James_McNair" title="Lesley James McNair – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lesley James McNair" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesley_McNair" title="Lesley McNair – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lesley McNair" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80,_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Макнейр, Лесли – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Макнейр, Лесли" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%96_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80" title="Леслі Макнейр – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Леслі Макнейр" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E9%BA%A5%E5%85%8B%E5%A5%88%E7%88%BE" title="萊斯利·麥克奈爾 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="萊斯利·麥克奈爾" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q713462#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lesley_J._McNair" title="View the content page [c]" 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Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">United States Army officer (1883–1944)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div style="display:inline-block" class="fn">Lesley J. McNair</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;; line-height: 1.5em"><a href="/wiki/File:Lesley_James_McNair_(US_Army_General).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="McNair as Army Ground Forces commander, c. 1942" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Lesley_James_McNair_%28US_Army_General%29.jpg/250px-Lesley_James_McNair_%28US_Army_General%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Lesley_James_McNair_%28US_Army_General%29.jpg/330px-Lesley_James_McNair_%28US_Army_General%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Lesley_James_McNair_%28US_Army_General%29.jpg/440px-Lesley_James_McNair_%28US_Army_General%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="498" data-file-height="626" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="font-size: 100%">McNair as Army Ground Forces commander, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1942</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Nickname(s)</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Whitey</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">(1883-05-25)25 May 1883 <a href="/wiki/Verndale,_Minnesota" title="Verndale, Minnesota">Verndale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a>, United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">25 July 1944(1944-07-25) (aged 61) <a href="/wiki/Saint-L%C3%B4" title="Saint-Lô">Saint-Lô</a>, <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a>, France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Buried</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Normandy_American_Cemetery_and_Memorial" title="Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial">Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial</a>, France</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States of America</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service / branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/43px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6336" data-file-height="4992" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1904–1944</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O9_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/US-O9_insignia.svg/45px-US-O9_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/US-O9_insignia.svg/68px-US-O9_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/US-O9_insignia.svg/90px-US-O9_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1883" data-file-height="583" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_General_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant General (United States)">Lieutenant General</a> (<a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_United_States" title="Army of the United States">Army of the United States </a>) <a href="/wiki/File:US-O10_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/US-O10_insignia.svg/60px-US-O10_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/US-O10_insignia.svg/120px-US-O10_insignia.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="2514" data-file-height="583" /></a> <a href="/wiki/General_(United_States)" title="General (United States)">General</a> (posthumous)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em"><a href="/wiki/Service_number" title="Service number">Service number</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0-1891</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_-_Army_Field_Artillery_Insignia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/USA_-_Army_Field_Artillery_Insignia.png/40px-USA_-_Army_Field_Artillery_Insignia.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/USA_-_Army_Field_Artillery_Insignia.png/60px-USA_-_Army_Field_Artillery_Insignia.png 2x" data-file-width="671" data-file-height="402" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Field_Artillery_Branch_(United_States)" title="Field Artillery Branch (United States)">Field Artillery Branch</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Commands</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Artillery_battery" title="Artillery battery">Battery</a> C, <a href="/wiki/4th_Field_Artillery_Regiment" title="4th Field Artillery Regiment">4th Field Artillery Regiment</a> <a href="/wiki/Artillery_battery" title="Artillery battery">Battery</a> D, <a href="/wiki/4th_Field_Artillery_Regiment" title="4th Field Artillery Regiment">4th Field Artillery Regiment</a> <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Officers%27_Training_Corps" title="Reserve Officers' Training Corps">Reserve Officers' Training Corps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Purdue_University" title="Purdue University">Purdue University</a> 2nd Battalion, <a href="/wiki/16th_Field_Artillery_Regiment" title="16th Field Artillery Regiment">16th Field Artillery Regiment</a> 2nd Battalion, <a href="/wiki/83rd_Field_Artillery_Regiment" title="83rd Field Artillery Regiment">83rd Field Artillery Regiment</a> <a href="/wiki/Civilian_Conservation_Corps" title="Civilian Conservation Corps">Civilian Conservation Corps</a> District E, Seventh <a href="/wiki/Corps_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Corps Area">Corps Area</a> 2nd Field Artillery Brigade, <a href="/wiki/2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="2nd Infantry Division (United States)">2nd Infantry Division</a> <a href="/wiki/Commandant_of_the_United_States_Army_Command_and_General_Staff_College" title="Commandant of the United States Army Command and General Staff College">United States Army Command and General Staff School</a> <a href="/wiki/Army_Ground_Forces" title="Army Ground Forces">Army Ground Forces</a> <a href="/wiki/First_United_States_Army_Group" title="First United States Army Group">First United States Army Group</a> (fictitious)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banana_Wars" title="Banana Wars">Banana Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_Veracruz" class="mw-redirect" title="United States occupation of Veracruz">Occupation of Veracruz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_War_(1910%E2%80%931919)" class="mw-redirect" title="Border War (1910–1919)">Border War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pancho_Villa_Expedition" title="Pancho Villa Expedition">Pancho Villa Expedition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_African_campaign" title="North African campaign">North African campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord">Operation Overlord</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cobra" title="Operation Cobra">Operation Cobra</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/U.S._Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/25px-U.S._Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/U.S._Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/38px-U.S._Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/U.S._Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/50px-U.S._Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Medal_(U.S._Army)" title="Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)">Distinguished Service Medal</a> (3) <a href="/wiki/File:Purple_Heart_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Purple_Heart_ribbon.svg/25px-Purple_Heart_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Purple_Heart_ribbon.svg/38px-Purple_Heart_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Purple_Heart_ribbon.svg/50px-Purple_Heart_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Purple_Heart" title="Purple Heart">Purple Heart</a> (2) <a href="/wiki/File:Legion_Honneur_Chevalier_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Legion_Honneur_Chevalier_ribbon.svg/25px-Legion_Honneur_Chevalier_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Legion_Honneur_Chevalier_ribbon.svg/38px-Legion_Honneur_Chevalier_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Legion_Honneur_Chevalier_ribbon.svg/50px-Legion_Honneur_Chevalier_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honor" class="mw-redirect" title="Legion of Honor">Legion of Honor</a> (Officer) (France)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Clare Huster (m. 1905-1944, his death)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr></tbody></table> Lesley James McNair (25 May 1883 – 25 July 1944) was a senior <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> officer who served during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. He attained the rank of <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant general (United States)">lieutenant general</a> during his life; he was killed in action during World War II, and received a posthumous promotion to <a href="/wiki/General_(United_States)" title="General (United States)">general</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a> native and 1904 graduate of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy">United States Military Academy</a>, McNair was a <a href="/wiki/Field_Artillery_Branch_(United_States)" title="Field Artillery Branch (United States)">Field Artillery</a> officer with a background in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Ordnance_Corps" title="United States Army Ordnance Corps">Ordnance Department</a>. A veteran of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_Veracruz" class="mw-redirect" title="United States occupation of Veracruz">Veracruz occupation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pancho_Villa_Expedition" title="Pancho Villa Expedition">Pancho Villa Expedition</a>, during World War I he served as assistant chief of staff for training with the <a href="/wiki/1st_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="1st Infantry Division (United States)">1st Division</a>, and then chief of artillery training on the staff at the <a href="/wiki/American_Expeditionary_Forces" title="American Expeditionary Forces">American Expeditionary Forces</a> headquarters. His outstanding performance resulted in his promotion to temporary <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general_(United_States)" title="Brigadier general (United States)">brigadier general</a>; at age 35, he was the Army's second-youngest general officer. McNair's experience of more than 30 years with equipment and weapons design and testing, his administrative skills, and his success in the areas of military education and training led to his World War II assignment as commander of <a href="/wiki/Army_Ground_Forces" title="Army Ground Forces">Army Ground Forces</a>. In this position, McNair became the "unsung architect of the U.S. Army",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Product_page:_General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Unsung_Architect_of_the_U._S._Army"-1">[1]</a> and played a leading role in the organizational design, equipping, and training of Army units in the United States before they departed for overseas combat. While historians continue to debate some of McNair's decisions and actions, including the individual replacement system for killed and wounded soldiers, and a controversy over the use of <a href="/wiki/Tank" title="Tank">tanks</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tank_destroyer" title="Tank destroyer">tank destroyers</a> as <a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-tank weapons">anti-tank weapons</a>, his concentration on advanced officer education, innovative weapons systems, improved doctrine, realistic combat training, and development of <a href="/wiki/Combined_arms_tactics" class="mw-redirect" title="Combined arms tactics">combined arms tactics</a> enabled the Army to modernize and perform successfully on the World War II battlefield, where the mobility of <a href="/wiki/Mechanized_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Mechanized forces">mechanized forces</a> replaced the static defenses of World War I as the primary tactical consideration. He was killed by <a href="/wiki/Friendly_fire" title="Friendly fire">friendly fire</a> while in France to act as commander of the fictitious <a href="/wiki/First_United_States_Army_Group" title="First United States Army Group">First United States Army Group</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Quicksilver_(deception_plan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Quicksilver (deception plan)">Operation Quicksilver</a> deception that masked the actual landing sites for the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Normandy" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Normandy">Invasion of Normandy</a>. During <a href="/wiki/Operation_Cobra" title="Operation Cobra">Operation Cobra</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Air_Force" title="Eighth Air Force">Eighth Air Force</a> bomb landed in his foxhole near <a href="/wiki/Saint-L%C3%B4" title="Saint-Lô">Saint-Lô</a> when the Army attempted to use <a href="/wiki/Heavy_bomber" title="Heavy bomber">heavy bombers</a> for <a href="/wiki/Close_air_support" title="Close air support">close air support</a> of infantry operations as part of the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord">Battle of Normandy</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lesley_J._McNair_(West_Point_1904).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="McNair in 1904's Howitzer, the West Point yearbook." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Lesley_J._McNair_%28West_Point_1904%29.jpg/220px-Lesley_J._McNair_%28West_Point_1904%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Lesley_J._McNair_%28West_Point_1904%29.jpg/330px-Lesley_J._McNair_%28West_Point_1904%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Lesley_J._McNair_%28West_Point_1904%29.jpg/440px-Lesley_J._McNair_%28West_Point_1904%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1025" data-file-height="458" /></a><figcaption>McNair in 1904's Howitzer, the West Point yearbook. The reference to King William bottles describes a brand of <a href="/wiki/Scotch_whisky" title="Scotch whisky">Scotch whisky</a>.</figcaption></figure> McNair was born in <a href="/wiki/Verndale,_Minnesota" title="Verndale, Minnesota">Verndale, Minnesota</a>, on May 25, 1883,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Generals_in_Khaki''263-2">[2]</a> the son of James (1846–1932) and Clara (Manz) McNair (1853–1925).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"12–13-3">[3]</a> He was the second-born of their six children, and the first son.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"12–13-3">[3]</a> His siblings who lived to adulthood were: sister Nora (1881–1971), the wife of Harry Jessup;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''McNair,_McNear,_and_McNeir_Genealogies:_1955_Supplement''43-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Minnesota_Death_Index,_1908–2002,_entry_for_Nora_M._Jessup"-5">[5]</a> brother Murray Manz McNair (1888–1976);<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''McNair,_McNear,_and_McNeir_Genealogies:_1955_Supplement''43-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Death_notice,_Murray_M._McNair"12B-6">[6]</a> and sister Irene (1890–1979), the wife of Harry R. Naftalin.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''McNair,_McNear,_and_McNeir_Genealogies:_1955_Supplement''43-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"California_Death_Index,_1940–1997,_entry_for_Irene_Naftalin"-7">[7]</a> McNair attended school in Verndale through the ninth grade, the highest available locally; his parents then relocated to <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a> so McNair and his siblings could complete high school.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"13-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Minnesota_American_Legion_Military_Hall_of_Fame:_Lesley_J._McNair"6-9">[9]</a> After graduating from <a href="/wiki/South_High_School_(Minneapolis)" class="mw-redirect" title="South High School (Minneapolis)">South High School</a> in 1897,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"McNair_Unable_to_Visit_Sisters_On_Trip_Here_Last_Year"3-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Author_Highlights_WW_II_Vet/South_Grad"-11">[11]</a> he competed successfully for an appointment to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Academy" title="United States Naval Academy">United States Naval Academy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"13-8">[8]</a> While he was on the Naval Academy waiting list as an alternate,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Town_Notes:_Walter_B._Congdon_and_Lesley_McNair"9-12">[12]</a> he began studies at the <a href="/wiki/Minnesota_School_of_Business" class="mw-redirect" title="Minnesota School of Business">Minnesota School of Business</a> in Minneapolis, where he concentrated primarily on mechanical engineering and statistics courses.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"13–14-13">[13]</a> Frustrated with the wait to start at the Naval Academy,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Town_Notes:_Walter_B._Congdon_and_Lesley_McNair"9-12">[12]</a> in 1900 McNair competed for appointment to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy">United States Military Academy</a> and took an examination offered by U.S. Senators <a href="/wiki/Cushman_Kellogg_Davis" class="mw-redirect" title="Cushman Kellogg Davis">Cushman Kellogg Davis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Knute_Nelson" title="Knute Nelson">Knute Nelson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"14-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Houlton_and_Woolnough:_They_Are_Recommended_for_Cadetships"2-15">[15]</a> Initially selected as an alternate in July 1900,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Houlton_and_Woolnough:_They_Are_Recommended_for_Cadetships"2-15">[15]</a> he was quickly accepted as a member of the class that began that August.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"15-16">[16]</a> While at West Point, his fellow students nicknamed him "Whitey" for his ash blond hair; they continued to use it with him for the rest of his life.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Minnesota_American_Legion_Military_Hall_of_Fame:_Lesley_J._McNair"6-9">[9]</a> The description of McNair which accompanied the photo of him in West Point's yearbook for his senior year refers to him as "Pedestrian Whitey" and details an incident when he had to walk from <a href="/wiki/Newburgh,_New_York" title="Newburgh, New York">Newburgh</a> to West Point, a distance of 11 miles (18 km), after having missed the last train while returning from visiting his fiancée in New York City;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Howitzer''60-17">[17]</a> the yearbook also contains an anonymously authored poem, "'Whitey's' Record Walk", about the same incident.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Howitzer''212–213-18">[18]</a> Several of McNair's classmates also went on to prominent careers in the Army, including <a href="/wiki/George_R._Allin" title="George R. Allin">George R. Allin</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Howitzer''35-19">[19]</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_School_Blakely" title="Charles School Blakely">Charles School Blakely</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Howitzer''39-20">[20]</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_M._Danford" title="Robert M. Danford">Robert M. Danford</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Howitzer''45-21">[21]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pelham_D._Glassford" title="Pelham D. Glassford">Pelham D. Glassford</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Howitzer''51-22">[22]</a> <a href="/wiki/Edmund_L._Gruber" title="Edmund L. Gruber">Edmund L. Gruber</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Howitzer''52-23">[23]</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Conger_Pratt" title="Henry Conger Pratt">Henry Conger Pratt</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Howitzer''64-24">[24]</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_J._Reilly" title="Henry J. Reilly">Henry J. Reilly</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Howitzer''65-25">[25]</a> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stilwell" title="Joseph Stilwell">Joseph Stilwell</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Howitzer''70-26">[26]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Innis_P._Swift" title="Innis P. Swift">Innis P. Swift</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Howitzer''70-26">[26]</a> McNair graduated in 1904, and was commissioned as a <a href="/wiki/Second_lieutenant#United_States" title="Second lieutenant">second lieutenant</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"15-16">[16]</a> The top five or six graduates usually chose the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers" title="United States Army Corps of Engineers">engineer branch</a>; McNair's high class standing (11th of 124) earned him a place in the second choice of most high-ranking graduates, the <a href="/wiki/Field_Artillery_Branch_(United_States)" title="Field Artillery Branch (United States)">artillery branch</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"15-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_career">Early career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early career">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SandyHookProofBattery1900.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Proof battery at Sandy Hook Proving Ground, New Jersey where McNair served early in his career." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/SandyHookProofBattery1900.jpg/250px-SandyHookProofBattery1900.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/SandyHookProofBattery1900.jpg/330px-SandyHookProofBattery1900.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/SandyHookProofBattery1900.jpg/500px-SandyHookProofBattery1900.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>Proof battery at Sandy Hook Proving Ground, New Jersey where McNair served early in his career. A proof battery enabled testing with different types of artillery. The Sandy Hook firing range extended 3,000 yards (2,700 m) along the beach. For long range firing, the guns were aimed out to sea.</figcaption></figure> McNair was first assigned as a platoon leader with the 12th <a href="/wiki/Artillery_battery" title="Artillery battery">Battery</a> of Mountain Artillery at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Douglas,_Utah" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Douglas, Utah">Fort Douglas, Utah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"16-27">[27]</a> While there, he requested duty with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Ordnance_Corps" title="United States Army Ordnance Corps">Ordnance Department</a>, and passed a qualifying examination.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"16-27">[27]</a> After approval of his transfer request, he was first assigned to <a href="/wiki/Sandy_Hook_Proving_Ground" title="Sandy Hook Proving Ground">Sandy Hook Proving Ground</a>, New Jersey, where he began a lifelong interest in testing and experimenting with new equipment and weapons.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"16-27">[27]</a> Initially, McNair's Ordnance testing centered on improving the <a href="/wiki/Mountain_guns" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain guns">mountain guns</a> used by units including his 12th Battery for artillery support of troops in rugged terrain where <a href="/wiki/Limbers_and_caissons" title="Limbers and caissons">limbers and caissons</a> could not travel.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"16-27">[27]</a> After assignment to the staff of the Army's <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Ordnance_Corps#Chiefs_of_Ordnance" title="United States Army Ordnance Corps">Chief of Ordnance</a> from 1905 to 1906, McNair was assigned to the <a href="/wiki/Watertown_Arsenal" title="Watertown Arsenal">Watertown Arsenal</a>, where he completed self-directed academic studies in metallurgy and other scientific topics.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"17–19-28">[28]</a> In this posting, he gained experience with both laboratory and practical methods of experimentation, including analyzing bronze, steel, and cast iron to determine the best materials to use in manufacturing <a href="/wiki/Cannon" title="Cannon">cannons</a> and other weapons.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"17–19-28">[28]</a> In addition, he gained firsthand experience with the uses and applications of several foundry machines, including <a href="/wiki/Forge" title="Forge">forges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steam_hammer" title="Steam hammer">steam hammers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lathe" title="Lathe">lathes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Planer_(metalworking)" title="Planer (metalworking)">planing machines</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Boring_(manufacturing)" title="Boring (manufacturing)">boring machines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"17–19-28">[28]</a> His business college background in statistical analysis and engineering (including technical drawing) helped make him successful at testing and experimentation; as a result of his experience at Watertown, for the rest of his career the Army frequently relied on him to oversee boards that developed and tested weapons and other equipment, and made recommendations on which items were most suitable for procurement and fielding.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"17–19-28">[28]</a> He was promoted to temporary <a href="/wiki/First_lieutenant#U.S._Army,_U.S._Marine_Corps_and_U.S._Air_Force" title="First lieutenant">first lieutenant</a> in July 1905,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Biographical_Register''1077-29">[29]</a> and permanent first lieutenant in January 1907.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Biographical_Register''1077-29">[29]</a> In May 1907, McNair was promoted to temporary <a href="/wiki/Captain_(United_States_O-3)" title="Captain (United States O-3)">captain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Biographical_Register''1077-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"19-30">[30]</a> (His higher temporary ranks applied in the Ordnance branch, but not in the Artillery.)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"19-30">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pre-World_War_I">Pre-World War I</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pre-World War I">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:75mm-pack-howitzer-M1920-FAJ19210304-6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="1921 photo of U.S. soldier alongside a mule carrying components of a mountain howitzer." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/75mm-pack-howitzer-M1920-FAJ19210304-6.jpg/220px-75mm-pack-howitzer-M1920-FAJ19210304-6.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/75mm-pack-howitzer-M1920-FAJ19210304-6.jpg/330px-75mm-pack-howitzer-M1920-FAJ19210304-6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/75mm-pack-howitzer-M1920-FAJ19210304-6.jpg/440px-75mm-pack-howitzer-M1920-FAJ19210304-6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="643" /></a><figcaption>1921 photo of U.S. soldier and pack animal carrying components of a mountain howitzer. McNair designed and experimented with pack saddles and other mountain artillery equipment early in his career.</figcaption></figure> In 1909, McNair returned to the Artillery branch and was assigned to the <a href="/wiki/4th_Field_Artillery_Regiment" title="4th Field Artillery Regiment">4th Field Artillery Regiment</a> at <a href="/wiki/Fort_D.A._Russell_(Wyoming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort D.A. Russell (Wyoming)">Fort Russell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"20-31">[31]</a> Assigned to command of Battery C, he earned accolades for his leadership skills and technical expertise.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"20-31">[31]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jacob_L._Devers" title="Jacob L. Devers">Jacob L. Devers</a>, who was assigned to Battery C after his 1909 West Point graduation, recalled McNair as an outstanding commander who set a superior personal example, and knew how to motivate his subordinates to perform to a high standard.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"20-31">[31]</a> During his battery command, McNair also worked with mixed success on recommendations to modernize pack howitzers, <a href="/wiki/Pack_saddle" title="Pack saddle">pack saddles</a>, ammunition carriers, and other equipment (much of it of his own design) for the Army's mule-transported mountain artillery.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"22–30-32">[32]</a> In 1909, McNair commanded the 4th Artillery's Battery D at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Riley" title="Fort Riley">Fort Riley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a>, during tests designed to determine the battle-worthiness of different types of defensive works if they were attacked by various types of <a href="/wiki/Cannon" title="Cannon">cannons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Howitzer" title="Howitzer">howitzers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Report_of_the_Field_Artillery_Board''4-33">[33]</a> In 1911, he received three patents (998,711; 998,712; 1,007,223) for his designs of new artillery <a href="/wiki/Projectiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Projectiles">projectiles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Recent_Patents"29-34">[34]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:4th_Field_Artillery_Mexican_Expedition_1916.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Battery C, 4th Field Artillery during the 1916 Pancho Villa Expedition." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/4th_Field_Artillery_Mexican_Expedition_1916.jpg/250px-4th_Field_Artillery_Mexican_Expedition_1916.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/4th_Field_Artillery_Mexican_Expedition_1916.jpg/330px-4th_Field_Artillery_Mexican_Expedition_1916.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/4th_Field_Artillery_Mexican_Expedition_1916.jpg/500px-4th_Field_Artillery_Mexican_Expedition_1916.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1058" /></a><figcaption>Battery C, 4th Field Artillery during the 1916 Pancho Villa Expedition. McNair commanded Battery C from 1909 to 1912.</figcaption></figure> McNair's skills in technical drawing, engineering, prototype building, and statistical analysis began to be known Army-wide; in 1912 the commandant of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Field_Artillery_School" title="United States Army Field Artillery School">Field Artillery School</a> requested him by name for assignment to his staff.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"30-35">[35]</a> Instructors at the school had spent more than a year gathering information on 7,000 rounds fired during tests and field exercises; because the school was short-staffed, the commandant called on McNair to compile the data into <a href="/wiki/Range_table" title="Range table">firing tables</a> that would make it easier for Artillery crews Army-wide to plan and control <a href="/wiki/Indirect_fire" title="Indirect fire">indirect fire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"30-35">[35]</a> While carrying out this assignment in 1913, he also spent seven months in France to observe and gather information on the French Army's artillery training, education, and employment.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"30-35">[35]</a> In April 1914, McNair was promoted to permanent captain,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Biographical_Register''1078-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"31-37">[37]</a> and from April to November 1914, McNair took part in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_Veracruz" class="mw-redirect" title="United States occupation of Veracruz">Veracruz Expedition</a> as the 4th Field Artillery Regiment's <a href="/wiki/Commissary_(store)" title="Commissary (store)">commissary officer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"31-37">[37]</a> Assigned following another by name request, this time from regimental commander <a href="/wiki/Lucien_Grant_Berry" title="Lucien Grant Berry">Lucien Grant Berry</a>, McNair was responsible for procuring, storing, maintaining, accounting for, and distributing the regiment's materiel, including equipment and weapons.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"31-37">[37]</a> During 1915 and 1916, he was again assigned to the Field Artillery School, where he continued to work on procedures for the implementation of the firing table data he had published.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"31-37">[37]</a> He also continued to experiment with different types of artillery pieces so he could make manufacturing and procurement recommendations as the Army began to prepare for possible involvement in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"31-37">[37]</a> He returned to the 4th Field Artillery Regiment for the <a href="/wiki/Pancho_Villa_Expedition" title="Pancho Villa Expedition">Pancho Villa Expedition</a> on the Texas-Mexico border; initially an unassigned staff officer available for additional duties,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Field_Artillery_Directory:_Regular_Army"351-38">[38]</a> he later commanded a battery.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"32–34-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_War_I">World War I</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: World War I">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brigadier_General_Lesley_J._McNair_(1919).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="McNair as an AEF brigadier general" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Brigadier_General_Lesley_J._McNair_%281919%29.jpg/250px-Brigadier_General_Lesley_J._McNair_%281919%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Brigadier_General_Lesley_J._McNair_%281919%29.jpg/330px-Brigadier_General_Lesley_J._McNair_%281919%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Brigadier_General_Lesley_J._McNair_%281919%29.jpg/500px-Brigadier_General_Lesley_J._McNair_%281919%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="692" data-file-height="1073" /></a><figcaption>McNair as an AEF brigadier general, 1919</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:135px;max-width:135px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:255px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Lesley_J._McNair_receives_Distinguished_Service_Medal_from_General_Pershing,_1919.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="McNair receives Distinguished Service Medal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Lesley_J._McNair_receives_Distinguished_Service_Medal_from_General_Pershing%2C_1919.jpg/250px-Lesley_J._McNair_receives_Distinguished_Service_Medal_from_General_Pershing%2C_1919.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Lesley_J._McNair_receives_Distinguished_Service_Medal_from_General_Pershing%2C_1919.jpg/330px-Lesley_J._McNair_receives_Distinguished_Service_Medal_from_General_Pershing%2C_1919.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1565" data-file-height="2996" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">McNair receiving the Army DSM from General Pershing</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:153px;max-width:153px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:255px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Lesley_J._McNair_receives_Legion_of_Honor_from_Marshal_Petain,_1919.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="McNair receives Legion of Honor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Lesley_J._McNair_receives_Legion_of_Honor_from_Marshal_Petain%2C_1919.jpg/250px-Lesley_J._McNair_receives_Legion_of_Honor_from_Marshal_Petain%2C_1919.jpg" decoding="async" width="151" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Lesley_J._McNair_receives_Legion_of_Honor_from_Marshal_Petain%2C_1919.jpg/330px-Lesley_J._McNair_receives_Legion_of_Honor_from_Marshal_Petain%2C_1919.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1638" data-file-height="2779" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">McNair receives the Legion of Honor from Pétain</div></div></div></div></div> In April 1917, the <a href="/wiki/American_entry_into_World_War_I" title="American entry into World War I">United States entered World War I</a>. The next month, he was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Major_(United_States)" title="Major (United States)">major</a> and assigned to temporary duty as an instructor for the <a href="/wiki/Officer_Candidate_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Officer Candidate School">officer training camp</a> at <a href="/wiki/Camp_Bullis" title="Camp Bullis">Leon Springs, Texas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Camp_Bullis:_A_History_of_the_Leon_Springs_Military_Reservation,_1890–1990''23-40">[40]</a> After his Leon Springs assignment, McNair was assigned to the newly created <a href="/wiki/1st_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="1st Infantry Division (United States)">1st Division</a>, then located at Camp Stewart, in <a href="/wiki/El_Paso_County,_Texas" title="El Paso County, Texas">El Paso County, Texas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"34-41">[41]</a> Assigned to the division headquarters as assistant chief of staff for training, McNair was given responsibility for the organization's pre-deployment mobilization, individual soldier training, and collective unit training.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"43-42">[42]</a> When the division departed for France in June, McNair shared quarters aboard ship with the division's assistant chief of staff for operations, Captain <a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">George C. Marshall</a>. During their long ocean voyage, they forged a personal and professional bond that they maintained for the rest of their careers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"43-42">[42]</a> McNair was promoted to temporary <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United States)">lieutenant colonel</a> in August, soon after his arrival in France, and was assigned to the <a href="/wiki/American_Expeditionary_Forces" title="American Expeditionary Forces">American Expeditionary Forces</a> (AEF) headquarters as chief of artillery training and tactics in the AEF staff's training division (G-5).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"43-42">[42]</a> He was promoted to temporary <a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)" title="Colonel (United States)">colonel</a> in June 1918, and temporary <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general_(United_States)" title="Brigadier general (United States)">brigadier general</a> that October; at age 35, he was the second-youngest general officer in the Army.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"44-43">[43]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pelham_D._Glassford" title="Pelham D. Glassford">Pelham D. Glassford</a>, a West Point classmate and fellow field artilleryman, was also promoted to brigadier general in October 1918, and he was three months younger than McNair.) He continued to impress his superiors with his technical and tactical expertise, and at the end of the war he received the <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Medal_(U.S._Army)" title="Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)">Army Distinguished Service Medal</a> from General <a href="/wiki/John_J._Pershing" title="John J. Pershing">John J. Pershing</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">Commander-in-Chief</a> (C-in-C) of the AEF, and the French <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Legion of Honor</a> (Officer) from <a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Philippe Pétain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"54-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''American_Legionnaires_of_France''286-45">[45]</a> The citation for the Army DSM reads: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">The <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> of America, authorized by <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Congress" title="Act of Congress">Act of Congress</a>, 9 July 1918, takes pleasure in presenting the Army Distinguished Service Medal to Brigadier General Lesley James McNair, United States Army, for exceptionally meritorious and distinguished services to the Government of the United States, in a duty of great responsibility during World War I. As the Senior Artillery Officer of the Training Section, General Staff, General McNair displayed marked ability in correctly estimating the changing conditions and requirements of military tactics. He was largely responsible for impressing upon the American Army sound principles for the use of artillery and for improving methods for the support of Infantry, so necessary to the proper cooperation of the two arms.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Awards,_Lesley_James_McNair"-46">[46]</a></blockquote> The <a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_11_November_1918" title="Armistice of 11 November 1918">Armistice of 11 November 1918</a> ended the war, and McNair continued to serve in the post-war occupation of Germany.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"48–49-47">[47]</a> In June 1919, he was named to the AEF board that was charged with studying the problem of providing adequate mobile indirect fire support to infantry during combat.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"48–49-47">[47]</a> This panel, called the Lassiter Board after its chairman, <a href="/wiki/Major_general_(United_States)" title="Major general (United States)">Major General</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Lassiter" title="William Lassiter">William Lassiter</a>, was one of several formed by the AEF to review wartime plans and activities, and make recommendations for the Army's future equipment, doctrine, and training.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"48–49-47">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-World_War_I">Post-World War I</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Post-World War I">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="School_of_the_Line">School of the Line</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: School of the Line">edit</a>]</div> McNair remained with the Lassiter Board only briefly because he received orders assigning him as one of the faculty members of the Army's <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Command_and_General_Staff_College" title="United States Army Command and General Staff College">School of the Line</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"49-48">[48]</a> The school had ceased operations during the war and was being re-formed at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Leavenworth" title="Fort Leavenworth">Fort Leavenworth</a> to offer professional education to <a href="/wiki/Field_officer#United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Field officer">field grade</a> officers on planning and overseeing the execution of operations at division level and above.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"49–50-49">[49]</a> McNair reverted to his permanent rank of major, and remained on the faculty until 1921.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"50-50">[50]</a> In addition to receiving accolades for his work to help design and field the course curriculum, McNair also played a key role in another task traditionally assigned to the School of the Line: developing and promulgating the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Army_Field_Manuals#ADP_3–0_(FM_3–0,_FM_100–5,_Field_Service_Regulations)" title="List of United States Army Field Manuals">Field Service Regulations</a>, the Army's main document for codifying training and readiness doctrine.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"52-51">[51]</a> While on the School of the Line's faculty, he was one of the main authors of the 1923 revision of Field Service Regulations.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"52–53-52">[52]</a> The officers who were assigned to the faculty and were responsible for restarting the School of the Line after World War I all received credit for having attended the course, including McNair.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"56-53">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hawaiian_Department">Hawaiian Department</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Hawaiian Department">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lesley_J._McNair_testimony_at_1925_Billy_Mitchell_court-martial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Newspaper account of McNair testimony at Billy Mitchell's 1925 court-martial" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Lesley_J._McNair_testimony_at_1925_Billy_Mitchell_court-martial.jpg/250px-Lesley_J._McNair_testimony_at_1925_Billy_Mitchell_court-martial.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="480" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Lesley_J._McNair_testimony_at_1925_Billy_Mitchell_court-martial.jpg/330px-Lesley_J._McNair_testimony_at_1925_Billy_Mitchell_court-martial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Lesley_J._McNair_testimony_at_1925_Billy_Mitchell_court-martial.jpg/500px-Lesley_J._McNair_testimony_at_1925_Billy_Mitchell_court-martial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="1527" /></a><figcaption>Newspaper account of McNair testimony at Billy Mitchell's 1925 court-martial</figcaption></figure> In 1921, McNair was posted to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Shafter" title="Fort Shafter">Fort Shafter</a> and assigned as assistant chief of staff for operations (G-3) at the headquarters of the Army's <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawaiian Department">Hawaiian Department</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"56-53">[53]</a> While in Hawaii, he became a participant in the Army's ongoing debate over the best methods for providing coastal defense, which engaged proponents of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Coast_Artillery_Corps" title="United States Army Coast Artillery Corps">Coast Artillery</a> branch and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Service" title="United States Army Air Service">Army Air Service</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"57–62-54">[54]</a> Assigned to the project by Hawaiian Department commander Major General <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pelot_Summerall" title="Charles Pelot Summerall">Charles Pelot Summerall</a> because of his reputation for objectivity in carrying out analysis and experimentation with military weapons and equipment, McNair created a committee made up of himself, two coast artillery officers, and an aviation officer to investigate the strengths and weaknesses of the two branches, especially with regard to defending Army and Navy bases on <a href="/wiki/Oahu" title="Oahu">Oahu</a>, and make recommendations on the best way to employ coast artillery and military aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"57–62-54">[54]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1932_sound_locator.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Coast Artillery sound locators and searchlight, 1932." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/1932_sound_locator.jpg/250px-1932_sound_locator.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/1932_sound_locator.jpg/330px-1932_sound_locator.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/1932_sound_locator.jpg/500px-1932_sound_locator.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1613" data-file-height="1076" /></a><figcaption>Coast Artillery sound locators and searchlight, 1932. McNair's report on defending the coasts of Hawaii indicated that sufficient sound detection and illumination equipment like this was critical to success.</figcaption></figure> The McNair board carried out numerous tests of coast artillery and bomber aircraft in a variety of conditions, and compiled tables and charts to depict the results.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"57–62-54">[54]</a> The panel concluded that coastal artillery was sufficient for shore defense, provided that adequate listening and lighting equipment for detecting and illuminating enemy ships and planes was available, and that bombers were less accurate, but more effective at destroying enemy ships at longer distances from shore, provided they could overcome obstacles including inclement weather.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"57–62-54">[54]</a> In addition to his work on the coastal defense problem, McNair was also responsible for directing a review of <a href="/wiki/War_Plan_Orange" title="War Plan Orange">War Plan Orange</a>, the Army and Navy joint defense plan for countering an attack on Hawaii by Japan. This possibility was a major concern of U.S. military leaders during the years between World War I and World War II.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"64–67-55">[55]</a> Among McNair's contributions to updating this plan was the creation of several contingency plans ("branches and sequels" in Army parlance) to augment the main war plan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"64–67-55">[55]</a> These contingency plans included: using chemical weapons to defend against a Japanese attack, declaring martial law in Hawaii, and determining how to maintain a defense against Japanese invaders while waiting for reinforcements from the U.S. mainland.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"64–67-55">[55]</a> In 1924 and 1925, McNair and Summerall defended McNair's work when it was criticized during the continuing debate about the future of the Army Air Service.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"68–71-56">[56]</a> The head of the Air Service, Major General <a href="/wiki/Mason_Patrick" title="Mason Patrick">Mason Patrick</a>, argued that the McNair board's findings underestimated the capabilities of <a href="/wiki/Bomber" title="Bomber">bomber</a> aircraft, and that the data the board had compiled was inaccurate.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"68–71-56">[56]</a> In response, Major General <a href="/wiki/Frank_W._Coe" title="Frank W. Coe">Frank W. Coe</a>, the chief of the Coast Artillery Corps, pointed out that McNair's panel included both Coast Artillery and Air Service officers, and that experiments with aircraft had included coast artillery officers as observers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"68–71-56">[56]</a> In addition, the aircrews that participated in the McNair board experiments had the opportunity to provide input and voice concern over the board's methods and conclusions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"68–71-56">[56]</a> Coe concluded his argument by recommending that the McNair board's findings be approved by the Army as its official position on the issue of coastal artillery versus bombers for shore defense.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"68–71-56">[56]</a> Coe's recommendation was not followed; subsequent panels and committees continued to investigate and debate the issue.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"68–71-56">[56]</a> In addition, the debate continued on the larger question of whether the Air Service should remain a component of the Army or become a separate branch of the military.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"71–75-57">[57]</a> McNair's involvement in the issue continued during the 1925 court-martial of Brigadier General <a href="/wiki/Billy_Mitchell" title="Billy Mitchell">Billy Mitchell</a>, whose zealous advocacy of creating a separate Air Force resulted in accusations of insubordination.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"75-58">[58]</a> Mitchell based his public assertions about non-aviation officers being ignorant of aviation matters on events he falsely claimed to have witnessed in Hawaii during the McNair board's experiments.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"76–79-59">[59]</a> Summerall was so incensed at the questioning of his and McNair's integrity that he attempted to be appointed as president of the court-martial.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"76–79-59">[59]</a> During Mitchell's trial, Major General <a href="/wiki/Robert_Courtney_Davis" title="Robert Courtney Davis">Robert Courtney Davis</a>, the Army's <a href="/wiki/Adjutant_General#United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Adjutant General">adjutant general</a>, ordered Summerall and McNair to provide testimony.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"76–79-59">[59]</a> They refuted Mitchell's claims that during his time in Hawaii in 1923 the Hawaiian Department had no plan to defend Oahu from Japanese attack.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"76–79-59">[59]</a> They also demonstrated that Mitchell was incorrect in stating that the Air Service was not treated fairly in the distribution of resources in Hawaii; in fact, Summerall had reallocated funding, equipment and other items from other branches to the Air Service.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"76–79-59">[59]</a> Mitchell was convicted, and sentenced to a five-year suspension from active duty.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Five_Year_Suspension_for_Billy_Mitchell"28-60">[60]</a> He resigned from the Army so he could continue to advocate for the creation of a separate Air Force.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Billy_Mitchell's_Resignation_was_Accepted_Today"1-61">[61]</a> Despite the controversy, McNair's work enhanced his reputation as an objective and innovative thinker, planner, and leader, and he remained under consideration for positions of increasing rank and responsibility.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"75-58">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Purdue_University">Purdue University</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Purdue University">edit</a>]</div> In 1924, McNair was appointed commandant and professor of military science and tactics for the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Officers%27_Training_Corps" title="Reserve Officers' Training Corps">Reserve Officers' Training Corps</a> (ROTC) program at <a href="/wiki/Purdue_University" title="Purdue University">Purdue University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Lafayette_and_Purdue_Will_Observe_Peace_Anniversary"1-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"80-63">[63]</a> In accordance with the <a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Act_of_1920" title="National Defense Act of 1920">National Defense Act of 1920</a>, ROTC offered a two-year course of instruction for <a href="/wiki/Freshmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Freshmen">freshmen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sophomore" title="Sophomore">sophomores</a>, which was compulsory at many universities, including Purdue.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"91-64">[64]</a> The program also offered advanced instruction for <a href="/wiki/Junior_(education_year)" title="Junior (education year)">juniors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Senior_(education)" title="Senior (education)">seniors</a> who desired to continue military training and possibly earn a commission in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Reserve" title="United States Army Reserve">Army Reserve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Army_National_Guard" title="Army National Guard">National Guard</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Regular_Army_(United_States)" title="Regular Army (United States)">Regular Army</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"91-64">[64]</a> In addition to following this academic model, since 1919 Purdue had organized its ROTC cadets as a motorized field artillery unit, a circumstance which played to McNair's strengths.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"91–92-65">[65]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lesley_J._McNair_Purdue_University_Yearbook_1928.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="McNair's profile in the Purdue University yearbook for 1928" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Lesley_J._McNair_Purdue_University_Yearbook_1928.jpg/220px-Lesley_J._McNair_Purdue_University_Yearbook_1928.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Lesley_J._McNair_Purdue_University_Yearbook_1928.jpg/330px-Lesley_J._McNair_Purdue_University_Yearbook_1928.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Lesley_J._McNair_Purdue_University_Yearbook_1928.jpg/440px-Lesley_J._McNair_Purdue_University_Yearbook_1928.jpg 2x" data-file-width="866" data-file-height="465" /></a><figcaption>McNair's profile in the Purdue University yearbook for 1928</figcaption></figure> Purdue's president, <a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Elliott" title="Edward C. Elliott">Edward C. Elliott</a>, was a strong advocate at the national level for ROTC, and a leading voice in opposition to the <a href="/wiki/Pacifism#Between_the_two_World_Wars" title="Pacifism">pacifist movement</a> which gained strength and influence following World War I.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"94–105-66">[66]</a> McNair became an advocate for military preparedness generally and ROTC specifically, and also argued in opposition to the pacifists.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"94–105-66">[66]</a> Already a prolific author of professional journal articles on technical military subjects, he penned numerous articles and letters in favor of military training and readiness, and in opposition to the pacifist movement.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"94–105-66">[66]</a> He also continued to write on Army-specific subjects, including articles that argued for reforming the Army's officer promotion system to replace seniority with merit as the primary consideration.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"94–105-66">[66]</a> McNair also effected several positive changes to Purdue's ROTC program.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"104–106-67">[67]</a> As outlined by Elliott, Purdue ROTC had been the subject of several rapid leadership changes which had resulted in disorganization and low morale.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"104–106-67">[67]</a> McNair's leadership, technical expertise, and administrative abilities resulted in enhanced student participation and improved morale, and developed the program into the Army's largest light artillery unit.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"104–106-67">[67]</a> When the Chief of Field Artillery attempted to reassign McNair to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Bragg" title="Fort Bragg">Fort Bragg</a>, North Carolina, to lead revisions to the Army's field artillery regulations, Elliott protested; his request to keep McNair until the end of the usual four-year assignment for ROTC professors was granted, and McNair remained at Purdue until 1928.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"104–106-67">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Army_War_College">Army War College</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Army War College">edit</a>]</div> In 1928, McNair was promoted to lieutenant colonel and entered the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_War_College" title="United States Army War College">United States Army War College</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"113-68">[68]</a> the highest-level formal education program for Army officers. In the 1920s the curriculum had been revised so that the program of instruction concentrated on economic, industrial, and logistics issues related to large-scale wartime mobilizations, as well as the doctrine, strategy, and tactics requirements associated with organizing, training, deploying, and employing large scale units for combat (typically division and above).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"114,_127-69">[69]</a> In addition to completing seminars on staff functions (G-1 for personnel, G-2 for intelligence, G-3 for operations and training, and G-4 for logistics), McNair and his War College classmates served on committees that studied war plans and suggested improvements, reviewed regulations and proposed updates, and studied and discussed strategic-level foreign and defense policy issues to improve their understanding.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"134–176-70">[70]</a> Among his classmates were several officers who became prominent during World War II, including: <a href="/wiki/Simon_Bolivar_Buckner_Jr." title="Simon Bolivar Buckner Jr.">Simon Bolivar Buckner Jr.</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Encyclopedia_of_World_War_II''193-71">[71]</a> <a href="/wiki/Roy_Geiger" title="Roy Geiger">Roy Geiger</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Encyclopedia_of_World_War_II''375-72">[72]</a> <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Griswold" title="Oscar Griswold">Oscar Griswold</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''World_War_II:_The_Definitive_Encyclopedia_and_Document_Collection''740-73">[73]</a> <a href="/wiki/Clarence_R._Huebner" title="Clarence R. Huebner">Clarence R. Huebner</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Kansas_Biographical_Dictionary''212-74">[74]</a> <a href="/wiki/Troy_H._Middleton" title="Troy H. Middleton">Troy H. Middleton</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Troy_H._Middleton:_A_Biography''139-75">[75]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Franklin_C._Sibert" title="Franklin C. Sibert">Franklin C. Sibert</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Memorial_page:_Franklin_C._Sibert_1912"-76">[76]</a> Upon graduating, McNair received an evaluation of "superior", with a recommendation from the commandant that he be considered for high command or a senior position on the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_War" title="United States Department of War">War Department</a> General Staff.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"174-77">[77]</a> In addition, the commandant forwarded to the War Department McNair's final research project on ways for the department to maximize efficiency when allocating funding for unit training, calling it "a study of exceptional merit made at the War College".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"174–175-78">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._Army_Field_Artillery_School">U.S. Army Field Artillery School</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: U.S. Army Field Artillery School">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Carlos_Brewer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Carlos Brewer, one of the chiefs of the Artillery School Gunnery Department under McNair" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/General_Carlos_Brewer.jpg/250px-General_Carlos_Brewer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/General_Carlos_Brewer.jpg/330px-General_Carlos_Brewer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/General_Carlos_Brewer.jpg/500px-General_Carlos_Brewer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="779" /></a><figcaption>Carlos Brewer, one of three successive chiefs of the Artillery School Gunnery Department who experimented on indirect fire techniques with McNair's support</figcaption></figure> After his War College graduation, McNair was assigned as assistant commandant of the Field Artillery Center and School.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"177–195-79">[79]</a> In this position, he worked with the school's Gunnery Department to address field artillery doctrine issues that had lingered since World War I, including limited mobility, inadequate communications, and overly detailed fire direction techniques.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"177–195-79">[79]</a> Successive Gunnery Department directors Jacob Devers, <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Brewer" title="Carlos Brewer">Carlos Brewer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Orlando_Ward" title="Orlando Ward">Orlando Ward</a> recognized that continuing improvement to innovations including machine guns and tanks made the static trench warfare of World War I unlikely to be repeated. As a result, they experimented with new techniques, including increasing the speed of artillery support to mobile armor and infantry by empowering Artillery-qualified fire support officers attached to those formations to direct artillery fire. In addition, they pioneered techniques to enhance accuracy, including <a href="/wiki/Artillery_observer" title="Artillery observer">forward observers (FOs)</a> who could direct rounds onto targets based on seeing their impact, rather than the unobserved timed fire and rolling barrages that had prevailed in World War I.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"177–195-79">[79]</a> McNair supported these innovations, and prevented interference from senior officers who tried to block them.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"177–195-79">[79]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lesley_J._McNair_Assistant_Commandant,_Ft._Sill,_1929.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="McNair as Assistant Commandant of Ft. Sill in 1929" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Lesley_J._McNair_Assistant_Commandant%2C_Ft._Sill%2C_1929.jpg/250px-Lesley_J._McNair_Assistant_Commandant%2C_Ft._Sill%2C_1929.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Lesley_J._McNair_Assistant_Commandant%2C_Ft._Sill%2C_1929.jpg/330px-Lesley_J._McNair_Assistant_Commandant%2C_Ft._Sill%2C_1929.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Lesley_J._McNair_Assistant_Commandant%2C_Ft._Sill%2C_1929.jpg/500px-Lesley_J._McNair_Assistant_Commandant%2C_Ft._Sill%2C_1929.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1689" data-file-height="2830" /></a><figcaption>McNair as Assistant Commandant of Ft. Sill in 1929</figcaption></figure> Devers, Brewer, and Ward also argued for directing artillery from the battalion level rather than the battery level.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"177–195-79">[79]</a> In their view, massing artillery and centrally controlling it from a brigade <a href="/wiki/US_Field_artillery_team#Fire_direction_center" title="US Field artillery team">fire direction center (FDC)</a> enabled senior commanders to rapidly provide direct support to the areas on the battlefield where it was most needed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"177–195-79">[79]</a> McNair had advocated this tactic since World War I; he again agreed with the Gunnery Department, and worked to help implement this doctrinal change while also protecting the Gunnery Department from outside interference.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"177–195-79">[79]</a> Over time, improvements to communications equipment and procedures and changes to doctrine enabled implementation of many of these changes, and they largely became the standard by which field artillery units conducted operations in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"177–195-79">[79]</a> At the completion of McNair's assignment as deputy commandant in 1933, he received the highest marks on his efficiency report, along with recommendations for promotion to colonel, and assignment to regimental or brigade command.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"197–198-80">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battalion_command">Battalion command</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Battalion command">edit</a>]</div> McNair commanded 2nd Battalion, <a href="/wiki/16th_Field_Artillery_Regiment" title="16th Field Artillery Regiment">16th Field Artillery Regiment</a> at Fort Bragg from 1 July through 1 October 1933, when organizational changes re-designated the unit as 2nd Battalion, <a href="/wiki/83rd_Field_Artillery_Regiment" title="83rd Field Artillery Regiment">83rd Field Artillery Regiment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"197–198-80">[80]</a> McNair commanded the renamed unit until August 1934, and led it through its renaming and reorganization.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"197–198-80">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civilian_Conservation_Corps">Civilian Conservation Corps</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Civilian Conservation Corps">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lesley_J._McNair_(Louisiana_CCC_Commander).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Article announcing McNair as Louisiana area CCC Commander" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Lesley_J._McNair_%28Louisiana_CCC_Commander%29.jpg/170px-Lesley_J._McNair_%28Louisiana_CCC_Commander%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Lesley_J._McNair_%28Louisiana_CCC_Commander%29.jpg/255px-Lesley_J._McNair_%28Louisiana_CCC_Commander%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Lesley_J._McNair_%28Louisiana_CCC_Commander%29.jpg/340px-Lesley_J._McNair_%28Louisiana_CCC_Commander%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="546" data-file-height="1087" /></a><figcaption>Article announcing McNair as Louisiana area CCC Commander</figcaption></figure> In August 1934, McNair was assigned to command of <a href="/wiki/Civilian_Conservation_Corps" title="Civilian Conservation Corps">Civilian Conservation Corps</a> (CCC) District E, part of the Seventh <a href="/wiki/Corps_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Corps Area">Corps Area</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"201–206-81">[81]</a> Headquartered at <a href="/wiki/Camp_Beauregard" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp Beauregard">Camp Beauregard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>, District E was composed of thousands of CCC members based at 33 camps throughout Louisiana and Mississippi.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"201–206-81">[81]</a> As with other Regular Army officers who took part in organizing and operating the CCC, McNair's work to plan, direct, and supervise the activities over a wide area gave him practical experience at mobilizing, housing, feeding, providing medical care for, supervising, and improving the physical and mental resilience of thousands of young members.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"201–206-81">[81]</a> This experience working with large bodies of men was an asset as McNair ascended into the Army's senior ranks.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"201–206-81">[81]</a> In addition, McNair benefited from the experience of working with civilian government leaders to plan and direct CCC activities, which was also put to good use in his later assignments as one of the Army's highest-level commanders.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"201–206-81">[81]</a> He was promoted to colonel in May 1935.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"210-82">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Executive_officer_to_the_Chief_of_Field_Artillery">Executive officer to the Chief of Field Artillery</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Executive officer to the Chief of Field Artillery">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:War_Museum_Athens_-_Hotchkiss_25mm_AA_gun_-_6767.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="25 mm Hotchkiss anti-aircraft gun" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/War_Museum_Athens_-_Hotchkiss_25mm_AA_gun_-_6767.jpg/250px-War_Museum_Athens_-_Hotchkiss_25mm_AA_gun_-_6767.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/War_Museum_Athens_-_Hotchkiss_25mm_AA_gun_-_6767.jpg/330px-War_Museum_Athens_-_Hotchkiss_25mm_AA_gun_-_6767.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/War_Museum_Athens_-_Hotchkiss_25mm_AA_gun_-_6767.jpg/500px-War_Museum_Athens_-_Hotchkiss_25mm_AA_gun_-_6767.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/25_mm_Hotchkiss_anti-aircraft_gun" title="25 mm Hotchkiss anti-aircraft gun">25 mm Hotchkiss anti-aircraft gun</a>. McNair experimented with Hotchkiss anti-tank and anti-aircraft guns while assigned to the office of the Chief of Field Artillery.</figcaption></figure> With his promotion to colonel, McNair was assigned as executive officer for the Army's Chief of Field Artillery.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"209–217-83">[83]</a> In addition to carrying out the usual administrative duties of the position, such as managing the chief's appointment calendar and handling his correspondence, McNair was able to continue experimenting with and testing field artillery equipment and weapons, including trips to <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen_Proving_Ground" title="Aberdeen Proving Ground">Aberdeen Proving Ground</a> in <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> to test the <a href="/wiki/25_mm_Hotchkiss_anti-tank_gun" title="25 mm Hotchkiss anti-tank gun">Hotchkiss Anti-Tank Gun</a> and <a href="/wiki/25_mm_Hotchkiss_anti-aircraft_gun" title="25 mm Hotchkiss anti-aircraft gun">Hotchkiss Anti-Aircraft Gun</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"209–217-83">[83]</a> He also studied and authored articles on the use of <a href="/wiki/Autogyro" title="Autogyro">autogyros</a> for field artillery targeting and indirect fire observation, which anticipated the use of <a href="/wiki/Helicopter" title="Helicopter">helicopters</a> in modern warfare.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"209–217-83">[83]</a> In January 1937, McNair was promoted to brigadier general.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"217-84">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brigade_command">Brigade command</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Brigade command">edit</a>]</div> In March 1937, McNair was assigned to command of the 2nd Field Artillery Brigade, a unit of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="2nd Infantry Division (United States)">2nd Infantry Division</a>, then based at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Sam_Houston" title="Fort Sam Houston">Fort Sam Houston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"218-85">[85]</a> The Army continued to experiment with equipment, weapons, and organizational design as it moved towards mechanization and modernization; the <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Army">Army Chief of Staff</a> directed tests of the <a href="/wiki/Triangular_division" title="Triangular division">triangular division</a> concept (as opposed to the <a href="/wiki/Square_division" title="Square division">square division</a> of World War I) through creation of a Proposed Infantry Division (PID).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"219–227-86">[86]</a> The 2nd Infantry Division was selected to conduct the tests, and McNair performed additional duty as the PID's chief of staff.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"219–227-86">[86]</a> In this position, he managed and supervised the PID's design, field tests, after-action reviews, and reports and recommendations to the War Department.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"219–227-86">[86]</a> The triangular division model was adopted, and became the Army's standard design for infantry divisions in World War II.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Seek,_Strike_and_Destroy:_US_Army_Tank_Destroyer_Doctrine_in_World_War_II''7-87">[87]</a> In his annual performance appraisal, his division commander, Major General <a href="/wiki/James_K._Parsons" title="James K. Parsons">James K. Parsons</a>, rated McNair as superior, and recommended him for assignment as a corps or army chief of staff.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"228-88">[88]</a> On the question of how McNair compared to his peers (unique to the appraisals of general officers), Parsons rated McNair second of the 40 generals personally known to him.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"228-88">[88]</a> McNair remained in command of the 2nd Field Artillery Brigade until March 1939, when he was appointed to serve as commandant of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Command_and_General_Staff_College" title="United States Army Command and General Staff College">Command and General Staff College</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"235-89">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Command_and_General_Staff_College">Command and General Staff College</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Command and General Staff College">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Percy_B._Bishop_(US_Army_Major_General).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Percy P. Bishop, commander of the Seventh Corps Area." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Percy_B._Bishop_%28US_Army_Major_General%29.jpg/220px-Percy_B._Bishop_%28US_Army_Major_General%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Percy_B._Bishop_%28US_Army_Major_General%29.jpg/330px-Percy_B._Bishop_%28US_Army_Major_General%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Percy_B._Bishop_%28US_Army_Major_General%29.jpg/440px-Percy_B._Bishop_%28US_Army_Major_General%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="487" data-file-height="451" /></a><figcaption>As commander of the Seventh Corps Area, Percy P. Bishop evaluated McNair's command of Ft. Leavenworth and ranked him first of more than 30 brigadier generals he knew personally. McNair routinely received the highest possible ratings on his performance appraisals.</figcaption></figure> The Chief of Staff of the Army, General <a href="/wiki/Malin_Craig" title="Malin Craig">Malin Craig</a>, selected McNair to command the Command and General Staff College because he believed its teaching methods needed to be updated, and that the combat unit planning and reporting processes it taught needed to be streamlined. Craig felt that McNair's background made him ideally suited to lead this effort;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"238-90">[90]</a> in addition, Craig's deputy, Brigadier General <a href="/wiki/George_Marshall" class="mw-redirect" title="George Marshall">George Marshall</a>, believed that the Command and General Staff College program of instruction was too rigid and too focused on a staff process geared towards leadership of Regular Army units.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"238–242-91">[91]</a> In Marshall's view, the curriculum needed to be overhauled to reflect the likely needs of the World War II army, including faster, more flexible methods for planning and execution of large scale mobilizations, and incorporation of processes for training draftees and members of the National Guard, who would report for duty with less training and experience than members of the Regular Army.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"238–242-91">[91]</a> In addition, Marshall wanted to ensure that graduates were prepared to plan and execute the offensive maneuver-based operations Army leaders anticipated would characterize World War II, as opposed to the defensive trench warfare of World War I.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"238–242-91">[91]</a> In addition to modernizing the curriculum, McNair reduced the course length to accommodate the civilian schedules of National Guard and Reserve officers, many of whom would otherwise be unable to attend.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"256–257-92">[92]</a> While working to update and streamline the curriculum, McNair updated the Army's core doctrine, the Field Service Manual. He began his service as commandant in time to finalize publication of the 1939 edition, which was divided into three Field Manuals (FMs): FM 100–5, Operations; FM 100–10, Administration; and FM 100–15, Large Units.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"248–251-93">[93]</a> Because of criticism of the 1939 edition, McNair almost immediately began work on an update, with Marshall, now the Army's chief of staff, directing that it be published no later than 1 January 1941.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"254-94">[94]</a> The work on the 1941 edition was still in progress when McNair was again reassigned; when it was published it became the primary doctrinal document for the Army's World War II activities.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"262-95">[95]</a> His efficiency reports continued to reflect his superior performance; for the first appraisal he received while commandant, Craig rated McNair second of the 41 brigadier generals he knew.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"263-96">[96]</a> In an evaluation of his performance in his additional duty as commander of the Fort Leavenworth post, Major General <a href="/wiki/Percy_Poe_Bishop" title="Percy Poe Bishop">Percy Poe Bishop</a>, commander of the <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Corps_Area" title="Seventh Corps Area">Seventh Corps Area</a>, ranked McNair fifth of the 31 brigadier generals he knew. By the time of his second appraisal as commandant, the War Department had waived the requirement for written evaluations of officers supervised directly by the Army Chief of Staff, but in his second role as commander of Fort Leavenworth, Bishop rated McNair as superior in all areas, recommended him for a high level command in combat, and ranked him first of the more than 30 brigadier generals Bishop knew.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"263-96">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_War_II">World War II</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: World War II">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_Headquarters,_United_States_Army">General Headquarters, United States Army</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: General Headquarters, United States Army">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lieutenant_general_Lesley_J._McNair.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="McNair confers with Louisiana Maneuvers umpire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Lieutenant_general_Lesley_J._McNair.jpg/250px-Lieutenant_general_Lesley_J._McNair.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Lieutenant_general_Lesley_J._McNair.jpg/330px-Lieutenant_general_Lesley_J._McNair.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Lieutenant_general_Lesley_J._McNair.jpg/500px-Lieutenant_general_Lesley_J._McNair.jpg 2x" data-file-width="794" data-file-height="638" /></a><figcaption>McNair confers with an umpire during the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Maneuvers" title="Louisiana Maneuvers">Louisiana Maneuvers</a></figcaption></figure> In July 1940, McNair began his new assignment as chief of staff for <a href="/wiki/Army_Ground_Forces#Origins" title="Army Ground Forces">General Headquarters, United States Army</a> (GHQ), the organization the Army created to oversee World War II mobilization, organization, equipping, and training.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"269-97">[97]</a> Marshall was appointed to command GHQ in addition to his duties as Chief of Staff of the Army; in order to concentrate on his primary role, he largely delegated responsibility for running GHQ to McNair.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"270–271-98">[98]</a> As part of this working relationship, Marshall provided McNair broad advice and guidance, and McNair obtained approval from Marshall for the most important decisions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"270–271-98">[98]</a> As GHQ's responsibilities increased following U.S. entry into the war, McNair's responsibilities were encroached upon by members of the War Department staff; for instance, the logistics staff section (G-4) retained authority over <a href="/wiki/Corps_area" title="Corps area">corps area</a> commands in matters involving billeting, equipping, and supplying soldiers undergoing mobilization training, which limited GHQ's ability to plan them and oversee their execution.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"271–274-99">[99]</a> In response, McNair proposed establishing GHQ's unity of command over the Army's four <a href="/wiki/Field_army" title="Field army">field armies</a> and eight corps areas; under his concept, each corps area headquarters would have responsibility for all administrative functions within their areas of responsibility, enabling GHQ and the field armies, corps, and divisions to focus on organizing, training, and administering the mobilized troop units that were preparing to go overseas.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"273–274-100">[100]</a> Though Marshall was initially receptive, members of the War Department General Staff disagreed with McNair's proposal, and Marshall concurred with them.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"274-101">[101]</a> The small GHQ staff Marshall assembled included representatives from each of the Army's major field branches – <a href="/wiki/Infantry_Branch_(United_States)" title="Infantry Branch (United States)">Infantry</a>, Field Artillery, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Cavalry" title="United States Cavalry">Cavalry</a>, Coast Artillery, <a href="/wiki/Armor_Branch_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Armor Branch (United States)">Armor</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Engineer_School" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army Engineer School">Engineers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Signal_Corps_(United_States_Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="Signal Corps (United States Army)">Signal</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Organization_of_Ground_Combat_Troops''12-102">[102]</a> along with liaison officers representing the National Guard and Army Reserve. As operations tempo increased, the staff expanded to include functional area representatives (G-1, G-2, G-3, and G-4).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Organization_of_Ground_Combat_Troops''12-102">[102]</a> Among the individuals who served on the GHQ staff were <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_D._Brown" title="Lloyd D. Brown">Lloyd D. Brown</a>, who later succeeded <a href="/wiki/Omar_Bradley" title="Omar Bradley">Omar Bradley</a> as commander of the <a href="/wiki/28th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="28th Infantry Division (United States)">28th Infantry Division</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mark_W._Clark" title="Mark W. Clark">Mark W. Clark</a>, who went on to command the <a href="/wiki/15th_Army_Group" title="15th Army Group">15th Army Group</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Organization_of_Ground_Combat_Troops''13-103">[103]</a> McNair's National Guard liaison was Kenneth Buchanan, who later served as assistant division commander of both the 28th and <a href="/wiki/9th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="9th Infantry Division (United States)">9th</a> Infantry Divisions, and commanded the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_National_Guard" title="Illinois National Guard">Illinois National Guard</a> as a major general after the war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Organization_of_Ground_Combat_Troops''13-103">[103]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Bradley_and_General_McNair.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="McNair with General Omar Bradley during Louisiana maneuvers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/General_Bradley_and_General_McNair.jpg/220px-General_Bradley_and_General_McNair.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/General_Bradley_and_General_McNair.jpg/330px-General_Bradley_and_General_McNair.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/General_Bradley_and_General_McNair.jpg/440px-General_Bradley_and_General_McNair.jpg 2x" data-file-width="812" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption>McNair listens as <a href="/wiki/Omar_Bradley" title="Omar Bradley">Omar Bradley</a>, <a href="/wiki/82nd_Airborne_Division" title="82nd Airborne Division">82nd Infantry Division</a> commander, explains a scenario to McNair at the Louisiana Maneuvers</figcaption></figure> As GHQ chief of staff, McNair played a leading role in planning and conducting the 1940 and 1941 <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Maneuvers" title="Louisiana Maneuvers">Louisiana Maneuvers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carolina_Maneuvers" title="Carolina Maneuvers">Carolina Maneuvers</a>, large scale war games that enabled the Army to observe and draw conclusions with respect to training, doctrine, leadership, and other items of interest, which in turn led to changes in doctrine, equipment, and weapons.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"279–280,_286,_309–314-104">[104]</a> In addition, these maneuvers were used to identify which senior officers were most capable, enabling the Army to assign the best performers to command and top level staff positions, and relieve or reassign those perceived as less capable.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Purge_of_the_Thirtieth_Division''xii–xiii-105">[105]</a> McNair was promoted to temporary major general in September 1940, and temporary <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant general (United States)">lieutenant general</a> in June 1941.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"310-106">[106]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eisenhower_Krueger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Eisenhower_Krueger.jpg/250px-Eisenhower_Krueger.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Eisenhower_Krueger.jpg/330px-Eisenhower_Krueger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Eisenhower_Krueger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="236" /></a><figcaption>Senior officers during the Louisiana maneuvers. Left to right: <a href="/wiki/Mark_W._Clark" title="Mark W. Clark">Mark W. Clark</a>, Chief of Staff, Army Ground Forces; <a href="/wiki/Harry_J._Malony" title="Harry J. Malony">Harry J. Malony</a>, Chief of Staff, Second Army; <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a>, Chief of Staff, Third Army; <a href="/wiki/Ben_Lear" title="Ben Lear">Ben Lear</a>, Commander Second Army; <a href="/wiki/Walter_Krueger" title="Walter Krueger">Walter Krueger</a>, Commander Third Army; Lesley J. McNair, Commander Army Ground Forces.</figcaption></figure> The War Department also assigned GHQ operational responsibilities, including planning for the defenses of facilities in Iceland, Greenland, and Alaska.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"275-107">[107]</a> McNair generally delegated the responsibility for this aspect of GHQ activities to his deputy, Brigadier General <a href="/wiki/Harry_J._Malony" title="Harry J. Malony">Harry J. Malony</a>, so that he could concentrate on GHQ's organizational and training responsibilities, but maintained overall control of each role.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"275-107">[107]</a> McNair established the GHQ on the site of the Army War College (now the location of the <a href="/wiki/National_War_College" title="National War College">National War College</a>) at Washington Barracks (now <a href="/wiki/Fort_Lesley_J._McNair" title="Fort Lesley J. McNair">Fort Lesley J. McNair</a>), as the college had been closed for the duration of the war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"332–333-108">[108]</a> McNair continued to command Army Ground Forces from this location rather than moving into <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">the Pentagon</a> when its construction was completed in 1943.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"332–333-108">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Army_Ground_Forces">Army Ground Forces</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Army Ground Forces">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lt._General_Lesley_J._McNair.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="McNair at his desk as AGF commander" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Lt._General_Lesley_J._McNair.jpg/220px-Lt._General_Lesley_J._McNair.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Lt._General_Lesley_J._McNair.jpg/330px-Lt._General_Lesley_J._McNair.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Lt._General_Lesley_J._McNair.jpg/440px-Lt._General_Lesley_J._McNair.jpg 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="637" /></a><figcaption>McNair at his desk while commanding Army Ground Forces</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="AGF_creation_and_operations">AGF creation and operations</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: AGF creation and operations">edit</a>]</div> In March 1942, the Army eliminated the General Headquarters in favor of three new functional commands: Army Ground Forces (AGF), commanded by McNair; the <a href="/wiki/Army_Air_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Air Forces">Army Air Forces</a> (AAF), commanded by Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Henry_H._Arnold" title="Henry H. Arnold">Henry H. Arnold</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Services_of_Supply" title="United States Army Services of Supply">Services of Supply</a> (later the <a href="/wiki/Army_Service_Forces" title="Army Service Forces">Army Service Forces</a> or ASF), commanded by Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Brehon_B._Somervell" title="Brehon B. Somervell">Brehon B. Somervell</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"316-109">[109]</a> McNair's task at AGF was to expand the Army's ground forces from their March 1942 strength of 780,000 officers and men to more than 2.2 million by July 1943,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"316-109">[109]</a> and more than 8 million by 1945.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Procurement_and_Training_of_Ground_Combat_Troops''1-110">[110]</a> His duties grew significantly, and included all Army boards, formal schools, training centers, and mobilization camps, as well as special activities having to do with the four combat arms (<a href="/wiki/Infantry_Branch_(United_States)" title="Infantry Branch (United States)">Infantry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Field_Artillery_Branch_(United_States)" title="Field Artillery Branch (United States)">Field Artillery</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Cavalry" title="United States Cavalry">Cavalry</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Coast_Artillery_Corps" title="United States Army Coast Artillery Corps">Coast Artillery</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"316–317-111">[111]</a> As part of this reorganization, the Army eliminated the branch chief positions which had been responsible for these arms, transferring their authority to McNair.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"316–317-111">[111]</a> In addition, he had authority over four new "quasi-arms" which did not fall under the traditional combat arms – <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Airborne_School" title="United States Army Airborne School">Airborne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armor_Branch_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Armor Branch (United States)">Armor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tank_destroyer_battalion_(United_States)" title="Tank destroyer battalion (United States)">Tank Destroyer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Air_Defense_Artillery_Branch_(United_States)#History" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Defense Artillery Branch (United States)">Antiaircraft Artillery</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"316–317-111">[111]</a> The Army intended for this reorganization to end inter-branch rivalries and competition for pre-eminence and resources; in fact it met with mixed success as advocates for each branch continued to argue among themselves.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"317–324-112">[112]</a> Additionally, competition for authority and resources also emerged between the War Department General Staff and the three functional commands, and between the functional commands themselves.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"317–324-112">[112]</a> Used to working with minimal delegation, and functioning with a small staff, McNair largely concentrated on the task at hand, and avoided the rivalries as much as possible.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"322,_332-113">[113]</a> Despite this approach, he was still involved in controversies with the other functional commands, including an ongoing rivalry over allocation of the best qualified recruits and draftees.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"285,_322,_332-114">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Personnel_recruiting_and_training">Personnel recruiting and training</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Personnel recruiting and training">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Training">Training</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Training">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:General_George_S._Patton_Jr._(center)_and_General_Lesley_J._McNair_(left).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="McNair confers with George Patton and others at Desert Training Center" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/General_George_S._Patton_Jr._%28center%29_and_General_Lesley_J._McNair_%28left%29.jpg/250px-General_George_S._Patton_Jr._%28center%29_and_General_Lesley_J._McNair_%28left%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/General_George_S._Patton_Jr._%28center%29_and_General_Lesley_J._McNair_%28left%29.jpg/330px-General_George_S._Patton_Jr._%28center%29_and_General_Lesley_J._McNair_%28left%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/General_George_S._Patton_Jr._%28center%29_and_General_Lesley_J._McNair_%28left%29.jpg/500px-General_George_S._Patton_Jr._%28center%29_and_General_Lesley_J._McNair_%28left%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="473" /></a><figcaption>McNair and <a href="/wiki/George_S._Patton" title="George S. Patton">George S. Patton</a>, commander of <a href="/wiki/I_Armored_Corps_(United_States)" title="I Armored Corps (United States)">I Armored Corps</a> review map during training exercise at <a href="/wiki/Desert_Training_Center" title="Desert Training Center">Desert Training Center</a>, 1942</figcaption></figure> McNair organized and supervised instruction in basic soldiering skills, to help individuals become proficient generalists prepared for more complex unit training.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"308-115">[115]</a> Once individuals were qualified, units carried out collective training, beginning with the lowest level, and continuing to build through successive echelons until divisions, corps, and armies were capable of carrying out large scale simulated force-against-force exercises.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"308-115">[115]</a> He insisted that training be conducted in realistic conditions, including the use of live ammunition, or simulators that replicated live ammunition, so that soldiers and commanders would be prepared to fight once they deployed overseas.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"308-115">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="National_Guard">National Guard</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: National Guard">edit</a>]</div> McNair had difficulty implementing a training program for National Guard units, chiefly because of their lack of prior military experience other than monthly drills and short annual training periods.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"285–286-116">[116]</a> He recommended a wholesale demobilization of the National Guard; Marshall and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a> disagreed, partly because they anticipated political backlash, and partly because the manpower they provided was in demand.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"285–287-117">[117]</a> McNair also found National Guard senior commanders wanting; in his view, National Guard officers should not progress beyond the grade of colonel, and professional full-time officers should command at the division level and above.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"285–286-116">[116]</a> In this, he was mostly successful; all but two National Guard division commanders were replaced by regular Army officers,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"285–286-116">[116]</a> and most National Guard generals carried out stateside assignments, or non-combat overseas assignments.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Postwar_Duties_for_Stackpole"26-118">[118]</a> Some served in roles below division commander (such as assistant division commander), or carried out administrative and training roles, such as provost marshal or school commandant.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Col._Abendroth_Pledges_His_Best_to_D.C._Guard"A-17-119">[119]</a> In addition, some accepted reductions in rank so they could serve in overseas assignments.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Erickson_Resigns_as_Draft_Director:_Accepts_Colonelcy_in_U.S._Army"5-120">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Fielding_army_divisions">Fielding army divisions</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Fielding army divisions">edit</a>]</div> Original War Department estimates called for the Army to raise, equip, train, and deploy as many as 350 <a href="/wiki/Division_(military)#U.S._Army" title="Division (military)">divisions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Command_Decisions:_The_90_Division_Gamble''366-121">[121]</a> Later estimates revised this number downward to between 200 and 220.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Command_Decisions:_The_90_Division_Gamble''366-121">[121]</a> One factor that enabled this downward revision was that U.S. divisions were better equipped in some areas of their organizations than those of their adversaries, particularly later in the war; for example, every type of U.S. division was completely motorized or mechanized, while equivalent German divisions often relied on as many as 4,000 horses for transporting soldiers, supplies, and artillery.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Human_Tradition_in_the_World_War_II_Era''xxii-122">[122]</a> A variety of other factors, including the entry of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> into the war on the side of the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a> after <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> broke his non-aggression pact with <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> by launching <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Operation Barbarossa</a>, the need to ensure that enough farmers and agricultural workers were available for food production, and the need to maintain a U.S. workforce large enough to handle the production of weapons, vehicles, ammunition, and other equipment caused Army Chief of Staff Marshall to decide that maintaining the Army's ground combat strength at 90 divisions would strike the balance between too few soldiers to defeat the <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a>, and so many that there were not enough civilians in the U.S. workforce.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Command_Decisions:_The_90_Division_Gamble''367-123">[123]</a> To accomplish this goal, McNair and the AGF staff created new division manning and equipping tables, which reduced the number of soldiers required to man a division.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Reorganization_of_Ground_Troops_for_Combat''56–57-124">[124]</a> This initiative had accomplished Marshall's goal by 1945, enabling the Army to field 89 divisions with the same number of soldiers it would have required to man only 73 divisions in 1943.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Reorganization_of_Ground_Troops_for_Combat''56–57-124">[124]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:13th_Airborne_Division.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/13th_Airborne_Division.jpg/250px-13th_Airborne_Division.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/13th_Airborne_Division.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="275" /></a><figcaption>Major General <a href="/wiki/Elbridge_Chapman" title="Elbridge Chapman">Elbridge Chapman</a> (left), commander of the <a href="/wiki/13th_Airborne_Division_(United_States)" title="13th Airborne Division (United States)">13th Airborne Division</a>, and Lieutenant General Lesley J. McNair, commander of Army Ground Forces, inspect troopers of Elbridge's division, May 13, 1944.</figcaption></figure> The Army's effort to create and field a number of divisions sufficient to achieve victory also included the creation of <a href="/wiki/Airborne_force" class="mw-redirect" title="Airborne force">airborne units</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Dictionary_of_North_Carolina_Biography''45–46-125">[125]</a> The Army had begun testing and experimenting with airborne formations in 1940; by 1943, <a href="/wiki/William_C._Lee" title="William C. Lee">William C. Lee</a>, an early proponent of airborne forces, had convinced McNair of the need for division-sized airborne organizations.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Dictionary_of_North_Carolina_Biography''45–46-125">[125]</a> Though McNair and a few other Army leaders sometimes advocated for creation of all-purpose light divisions that could be adapted for unique missions,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Bunker_Hill_to_Bastogne''218-126">[126]</a> the Army did create some specialized divisions, including airborne.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Dictionary_of_North_Carolina_Biography''45–46-125">[125]</a> This initiative included activating the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Airborne_School" title="United States Army Airborne School">Airborne Command</a> to oversee the organization and training of airborne units, conversion of the <a href="/wiki/82nd_Airborne_Division" title="82nd Airborne Division">82nd</a> and <a href="/wiki/101st_Airborne_Division" title="101st Airborne Division">101st</a> Infantry Divisions to airborne, and preparation of these divisions for paratrooper and glider missions in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Dictionary_of_North_Carolina_Biography''45–46-125">[125]</a> Another initiative McNair incorporated into the effort to field the Army's World War II division was the creation of light divisions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''World_War_II_in_Europe''646-127">[127]</a> Recognizing that the rugged terrain of the Italian mountains and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean_theater_of_World_War_II" title="Pacific Ocean theater of World War II">Pacific jungles</a> required specialized units, the AGF reorganized three existing divisions as the <a href="/wiki/89th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="89th Infantry Division (United States)">89th Light Division (Truck)</a>, <a href="/wiki/10th_Mountain_Division" title="10th Mountain Division">10th Light Division (Pack, Alpine)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/71st_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="71st Infantry Division (United States)">71st Light Division (Pack, Jungle)</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''World_War_II_in_Europe''646-127">[127]</a> The results of pre-deployment training demonstrated that the 71st and 89th Divisions were too small to sustain themselves in combat, so they were converted back to regular infantry divisions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''World_War_II_in_Europe''646-127">[127]</a> The 10th Division's early training results were also less than encouraging, but its identity as a mountain division was retained, and after completing training it served in <a href="/wiki/Italian_Campaign_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Campaign (World War II)">combat in the Italian mountains</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''World_War_II_in_Europe''646-127">[127]</a> Overall, the Army's wartime division organization and reorganizations have been judged a success by historians, in that they provided an adequate number of units to win the war, while ensuring that agricultural and industrial production could continue.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Library_of_Congress_World_War_II_Companion''303–304-128">[128]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Individual_replacement_system">Individual replacement system</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Individual replacement system">edit</a>]</div> As AGF commander, McNair worked to solve the problem of how to integrate replacement soldiers into units that had sustained casualties.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"344–356-129">[129]</a> Rather than adopt the model of replacing units that had sustained high casualties with new, full strength units, Marshall and McNair cited the need to allocate space on transport ships to equipment and supplies as the reason to provide individual replacement soldiers to units while the units remained in combat.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"The_U.S._World_War_II_Troop_Replacement_Policy"-130">[130]</a> In practice, the individual replacement system caused difficulties for both the replacement soldiers and the units they joined, especially during later stages of the war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"The_U.S._World_War_II_Troop_Replacement_Policy"-130">[130]</a> New soldiers could have difficulty being accepted by the veterans of their units, since they were replacing buddies who had been killed or wounded, and had not shared the veterans' combat experiences.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"The_U.S._World_War_II_Troop_Replacement_Policy"-130">[130]</a> In addition, because new soldiers joined units that were already in the fight, there was often no time to teach them the tactics and techniques that increased their chances of surviving on the battlefield.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"The_U.S._World_War_II_Troop_Replacement_Policy"-130">[130]</a> Though soldiers were supposed to be allocated to requesting units from replacement depots based on their qualifications and the priority of the unit, McNair found that in practice many commanders in the combat theaters used replacement soldiers to form new units, or personally selected individual replacements from personnel centers without regard to their qualifications.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"344–356-129">[129]</a> Assigning soldiers to units for which they were not qualified, such as armor crewmen to infantry units, negated the training they had received before going overseas.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"344–356-129">[129]</a> To address these concerns, McNair advocated faster qualification of replacement soldiers by reducing their training from 24 weeks to 13.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"356-131">[131]</a> The War Department reduced the training requirement to 17 weeks, but mandated continued use of the individual replacement system.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"356-131">[131]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_Ord,_California_1941.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Fort Ord, California in 1941" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Fort_Ord%2C_California_1941.jpg/220px-Fort_Ord%2C_California_1941.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Fort_Ord%2C_California_1941.jpg/330px-Fort_Ord%2C_California_1941.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Fort_Ord%2C_California_1941.jpg/440px-Fort_Ord%2C_California_1941.jpg 2x" data-file-width="672" data-file-height="419" /></a><figcaption>Fort Ord, California, 1941. The AGF established WWII personnel replacement centers at Fort Ord and Fort Meade, Maryland.</figcaption></figure> Because the AGF had responsibility for implementing the individual replacement system, McNair attempted improvements, including directing the establishment of the Classification and Replacement Division within his command, and streamlining the physical, psychological, and mental criteria used to determine fitness for service.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"356–357-132">[132]</a> Issues with the ASF's management of replacement centers within the United States led AGF to establish two new ones at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Meade,_Maryland" title="Fort Meade, Maryland">Fort Meade, Maryland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fort_Ord" title="Fort Ord">Fort Ord</a>, California.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"357–358-133">[133]</a> Because infantry soldiers suffered disproportionately high casualties in combat, McNair argued for, but only partially succeeded in procuring recruits and draftees deemed high quality (typically those with the most education and highest aptitude test scores) for the AGF.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Procurement_and_Training_of_Ground_Combat_Troops''1-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"358–360-134">[134]</a> In addition, he undertook several initiatives to improve the morale and esprit de corps of infantry soldiers, and enhance the goodwill of the civilian population towards the infantry, including creation of the <a href="/wiki/Expert_Infantryman_Badge" title="Expert Infantryman Badge">Expert Infantryman Badge</a>, and implementation of the "Soldier for a Day Initiative", which gave civilian government and business leaders the opportunity to interact with mobilized soldiers before they left the United States for combat assignments.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"361–362-135">[135]</a> These initiatives were not always successful; by late 1944 and early 1945, the number of units fighting continuously or nearly continuously caused the replacement system to break down.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"The_U.S._World_War_II_Troop_Replacement_Policy"-130">[130]</a> As a result, rear echelon soldiers were often pulled from their duties to fill vacancies in front line combat units, and training for some replacement soldiers and units was cut short so they could be rushed into combat.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"The_U.S._World_War_II_Troop_Replacement_Policy"-130">[130]</a> Some units were worn down to the point of combat ineffectiveness.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"The_U.S._World_War_II_Troop_Replacement_Policy"-130">[130]</a> In others, low morale, fatigue, and sickness became more prevalent.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"The_U.S._World_War_II_Troop_Replacement_Policy"-130">[130]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Recruitment_efforts">Recruitment efforts</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Recruitment efforts">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lesley_J._McNair_speech_November_11,_1942.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="News account of McNair's nationwide radio speech in 1942" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Lesley_J._McNair_speech_November_11%2C_1942.jpg/250px-Lesley_J._McNair_speech_November_11%2C_1942.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Lesley_J._McNair_speech_November_11%2C_1942.jpg/330px-Lesley_J._McNair_speech_November_11%2C_1942.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Lesley_J._McNair_speech_November_11%2C_1942.jpg/500px-Lesley_J._McNair_speech_November_11%2C_1942.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1185" data-file-height="553" /></a><figcaption>Headline of news report on McNair's November 11, 1942 radio speech. Similar stories appeared in newspapers nationwide from mid to late November.</figcaption></figure> Because of the difficulty in attracting to the AGF those trainees deemed to be "high-quality", McNair attempted to recruit through improved public relations.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Procurement_and_Training_of_Ground_Combat_Troops''60-136">[136]</a> One part of this effort was the creation of an office attached to the AGF staff, the Special Information Section (SIS).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Procurement_and_Training_of_Ground_Combat_Troops''60-136">[136]</a> Approximately 12 officers and enlisted soldiers with experience as writers and editors worked in the SIS to promote improved public appreciation for AGF soldiers, especially the infantry.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Procurement_and_Training_of_Ground_Combat_Troops''60-136">[136]</a> In addition, the SIS worked with civilian writers and editors, musicians, cartoonists, film makers, and artists who worked in other mediums to enhance the prominence of infantrymen in their work.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Procurement_and_Training_of_Ground_Combat_Troops''60-136">[136]</a> As part of this initiative, McNair wrote personally to several leading magazine and newspaper publishers to ask for their aid.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Procurement_and_Training_of_Ground_Combat_Troops''60-136">[136]</a> In another effort to inform the public of the Army's personnel needs and improve the way the AGF was perceived, on <a href="/wiki/Armistice_Day" title="Armistice Day">Armistice Day</a> in November 1942, McNair delivered a radio address over the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Network" title="Blue Network">Blue Network</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"347–349-137">[137]</a> In his remarks, titled "The Struggle is for Survival", McNair described the fighting capability and ruthless attitude of soldiers in the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army#World_War_II" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Japanese</a> and <a href="/wiki/German_Army_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="German Army (Wehrmacht)">German</a> armies, and stated that only similar qualities in American ground troops – by implication, meaning not "the more genteel forms of warfare" practiced by the AAF and ASF – would see the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a> through to victory.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Procurement_and_Training_of_Ground_Combat_Troops''19-138">[138]</a> The public response to McNair's remarks was largely favorable, though he did receive some criticism for extreme language that seemed to suggest an unfeeling attitude towards death and destruction.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"347–349-137">[137]</a> More importantly, McNair's radio address did little to improve recruiting into the Army Ground Forces; the public may have developed a better appreciation for infantry, armor, and artillery, but volunteers and draftees continued to be attracted to the AAF and ASF, and the AAF and ASF continued to lobby for the bulk of new service members in the high quality category to be assigned to them.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Procurement_and_Training_of_Ground_Combat_Troops''19-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"350-139">[139]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="African-American_soldiers">African-American soldiers</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: African-American soldiers">edit</a>]</div> During World War II, War Department regulations for <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African Americans</a> required that they be admitted into the Army in numbers proportionate to their share of the population.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Training_of_Negro_Troops''iii-140">[140]</a> In addition, the Army was required to establish segregated African American units in each major branch of the service, and give qualified African Americans the opportunity to earn officer commissions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Training_of_Negro_Troops''iii-140">[140]</a> The AGF worked to reconcile these requirements with its mission of producing trained soldiers and units that were capable of meeting and defeating the enemy in battle.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Training_of_Negro_Troops''iii-140">[140]</a> To that end, the AGF activated and trained African American units in all major branches of the ground forces, and black soldiers who graduated from <a href="/wiki/Officer_Candidate_School_(United_States_Army)" title="Officer Candidate School (United States Army)">officer candidate schools</a> (OCS) were assigned to African American units as they received their commissions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Training_of_Negro_Troops''iii-140">[140]</a> At the peak of the Army's expansion in June 1943, there were nearly 170,000 African Americans training at AGF facilities, or about 10.5 percent of its personnel strength.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Training_of_Negro_Troops''iii-140">[140]</a> These figures were in line with the War Department requirements; at the time, African Americans accounted for between 10 and 11 percent of the U.S. population.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Training_of_Negro_Troops''iii-140">[140]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coburg1945.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Tank and crew of 761st Tank Battalion" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Coburg1945.jpg/250px-Coburg1945.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Coburg1945.jpg/330px-Coburg1945.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Coburg1945.jpg/500px-Coburg1945.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2955" data-file-height="2361" /></a><figcaption>Tank and crew of the 761st Tank Battalion, an African American armor unit organized and trained by the AGF</figcaption></figure> Beginning with a small number of African American units in the Regular Army and National Guard, the AGF organized and trained many more, including the African-American <a href="/wiki/92nd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="92nd Infantry Division (United States)">92nd</a> and <a href="/wiki/93rd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="93rd Infantry Division (United States)">93rd</a> Infantry Divisions, and the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Cavalry_Division_(United_States)" title="2nd Cavalry Division (United States)">2nd Cavalry Division</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Training_of_Negro_Troops''5–6-141">[141]</a> By 1943, the AGF had created nearly 300 African American units,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Training_of_Negro_Troops''3-142">[142]</a> including the <a href="/wiki/452nd_Anti-Aircraft_Artillery_Battalion_(United_States)" title="452nd Anti-Aircraft Artillery Battalion (United States)">452nd Anti-Aircraft Artillery Battalion</a>, the <a href="/wiki/555th_Parachute_Infantry_Battalion_(United_States)" title="555th Parachute Infantry Battalion (United States)">555th Parachute Infantry Battalion</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/761st_Tank_Battalion_(United_States)" title="761st Tank Battalion (United States)">761st Tank Battalion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Training_of_Negro_Troops''6–8-143">[143]</a> The War Department General Staff initially suggested incorporating African Americans into units with white soldiers at a ratio of 1 black to 10.6 whites.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Training_of_Negro_Troops''3-142">[142]</a> Based on difficulties with completing training, in large part because the abilities of the recruits were lagging as a result of having grown up in the segregated education system and culture then prevalent in the United States,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Training_of_Negro_Troops''iii-140">[140]</a> McNair advocated for separate battalions of African American soldiers, arguing that they could be more effectively employed in this manner.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Training_of_Negro_Troops''3-142">[142]</a> In McNair's construct, such units could be deployed for functions including guarding lines of communication in rear areas and near front lines, or maintained as a reserve by division and corps commanders and committed where they were most needed during combat.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Training_of_Negro_Troops''3-142">[142]</a> The proposal that was adopted was closer to what McNair had advocated, and the AGF lengthened the initial training period.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Training_of_Negro_Troops''iii-140">[140]</a> African American officers generally filled company grade positions as they completed OCS, with white officers holding the field grade and senior command positions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Training_of_Negro_Troops''4-144">[144]</a> In cases where there were not enough African Americans, white officers filled the company grade positions as well.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Training_of_Negro_Troops''4-144">[144]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Anti-tank_weapons_and_doctrine">Anti-tank weapons and doctrine</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Anti-tank weapons and doctrine">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M-3_Antitank_Gun_37mm_Towed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="M3 towed anti-tank gun" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/M-3_Antitank_Gun_37mm_Towed.jpg/220px-M-3_Antitank_Gun_37mm_Towed.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/M-3_Antitank_Gun_37mm_Towed.jpg/330px-M-3_Antitank_Gun_37mm_Towed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/M-3_Antitank_Gun_37mm_Towed.jpg/440px-M-3_Antitank_Gun_37mm_Towed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1029" data-file-height="702" /></a><figcaption>M3 towed anti-tank gun, the Army's primary anti-armor weapon of the late 1930s and early 1940s</figcaption></figure> Developing and employing anti-tank weapons and creating suitable doctrine proved to be an ongoing challenge, for which some historians have faulted McNair.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"364-145">[145]</a> Marshall favored creation of self-propelled anti-tank weapons; McNair had long favored towed weapons, including the <a href="/wiki/37_mm_Gun_M3" class="mw-redirect" title="37 mm Gun M3">M3</a> gun.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"365-146">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Organization_of_Ground_Combat_Troops''427-147">[147]</a> McNair recognized the limitations of the anti-tank weapons then available, and favored a defensive approach for their use, advocating that units emplace and camouflage them, but official doctrine called for a more offensive mindset.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"365-146">[146]</a> It also called for anti-tank units to conduct independent operations; McNair favored a combined arms approach.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"365–366-148">[148]</a> He believed the use of anti-tank weapons was an economical and efficient means to defeat enemy tanks, and would free up U.S. tanks for wider offensive operations.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Mobility,_Shock,_and_Firepower''315–316-149">[149]</a> When the M3 anti-tank gun proved to be a less than optimum anti-tank weapon, the Army began development of <a href="/wiki/Tank_destroyer" title="Tank destroyer">tank destroyers</a> – self-propelled tracked vehicles with a gun capable of engaging a tank, but which were faster and more maneuverable because they had thinner armor than a tank. When it appeared that the Infantry and Cavalry branch chiefs might subsume proposed tank destroyer units into their own task organizations, Marshall attempted to continue progress on tank destroyer development without generating active dissent by approving creation of the Tank Destroyer Center at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Hood" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Hood">Camp Hood</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"365–366-148">[148]</a> In practice, the separate Tank Destroyer Center meant that commanders of armor and infantry units had little or no experience with anti-tank weapons, or the most effective way to employ them.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"366-150">[150]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aberdean_proving_grounds_036.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="M10 Tank Destroyer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Aberdean_proving_grounds_036.JPG/220px-Aberdean_proving_grounds_036.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Aberdean_proving_grounds_036.JPG/330px-Aberdean_proving_grounds_036.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Aberdean_proving_grounds_036.JPG/440px-Aberdean_proving_grounds_036.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>M10 Tank Destroyer, anti-armor weapon fielded by the U.S. Army in World War II</figcaption></figure> After having initially fielded the anti-tank weapon it had available – the M3 towed gun – the Army began to field self-propelled anti-tank weapons, first the <a href="/wiki/M3_Gun_Motor_Carriage" title="M3 Gun Motor Carriage">M3 Gun Motor Carriage</a>, and then the <a href="/wiki/M10_tank_destroyer" title="M10 tank destroyer">M10 tank destroyer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"365–366-148">[148]</a> As a result of the Army's inability to resolve the questions of equipment and doctrine, it continued to struggle with efforts to develop viable anti-tank doctrine, and efforts to employ anti-tank guns or tank destroyers as part of combined arms team often proved ineffective.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"365–366-148">[148]</a> The ongoing debate within the Army about which type of anti-tank or tank destroyer weapon to use, and what design specifications ought to be included, also hampered the AGF's abilities to field the weapons and provide adequate training.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"366–367-151">[151]</a> As a result, during their initial employment and use, AGF observers in combat theaters identified several issues, including some as basic as training ammunition for the M3 Gun Motor Carriage being used unknowingly during combat, which obviously limited its effectiveness.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"367-152">[152]</a> Over time, commanders in combat resorted to field expedient measures to solve the problems, including learning to employ anti-tank guns and later tank destroyers in mutually supporting positions, and integrating them with infantry and armor units to maximize their effectiveness as part of a combined arms effort.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"366–368-153">[153]</a> The AGF in turn incorporated these lessons learned into mobilization training, so that over time soldiers and units deploying for combat were making use of the most up to date doctrine and tactics.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"366–368-153">[153]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tanks">Tanks</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Tanks">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:T20_tank_pilot_at_Fisher_plant.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="T20 Medium Tank" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/T20_tank_pilot_at_Fisher_plant.png/220px-T20_tank_pilot_at_Fisher_plant.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/T20_tank_pilot_at_Fisher_plant.png/330px-T20_tank_pilot_at_Fisher_plant.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/T20_tank_pilot_at_Fisher_plant.png/440px-T20_tank_pilot_at_Fisher_plant.png 2x" data-file-width="2150" data-file-height="1263" /></a><figcaption>T20 Medium Tank. McNair opposed fielding the T20 in part over concerns that its weight and space requirements would delay the transport to Europe of other needed equipment due to limited cargo ship availability.</figcaption></figure> At the start of World War II, the United States fielded the <a href="/wiki/M3_Lee" title="M3 Lee">M3 Lee</a> and <a href="/wiki/M4_Sherman" title="M4 Sherman">M4 Sherman</a> as its primary medium tanks.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Tank:_100_Years_of_the_World's_Most_Important_Armored_Military_Vehicle''141-154">[154]</a> After-action reports from the <a href="/wiki/North_African_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="North African Campaign">North African Campaign</a> and other engagements convinced commanders including <a href="/wiki/Jacob_L._Devers" title="Jacob L. Devers">Jacob L. Devers</a> that the U.S. needed to deploy a heavier tank with more firepower in order to counter German <a href="/wiki/Tiger_I" title="Tiger I">Tiger I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Panther_tank" title="Panther tank">Panther</a> tanks.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''General_Jacob_Devers:_World_War_II's_Forgotten_Four_Star''108–109-155">[155]</a> During his assignment as Chief of Armor earlier in the war, Devers had rejected the <a href="/wiki/M6_heavy_tank" title="M6 heavy tank">M6 heavy tank</a> for being under-powered and under-gunned for its weight and size.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''General_Jacob_Devers:_World_War_II's_Forgotten_Four_Star''108–109-155">[155]</a> As a result, the Army's Ordnance Department had overseen the creation of the <a href="/wiki/T20_Medium_Tank" class="mw-redirect" title="T20 Medium Tank">T20 Medium Tank</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''General_Jacob_Devers:_World_War_II's_Forgotten_Four_Star''108–109-155">[155]</a> In 1942, Devers advocated the immediate shipment of 250 T20s to the European Theater.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''General_Jacob_Devers:_World_War_II's_Forgotten_Four_Star''108–109-155">[155]</a> McNair opposed this request, still convinced that smaller but heavily armed self-propelled tank destroyers could be employed faster and more effectively, especially when considering factors such as available space on cargo ships transporting weapons and equipment to Europe.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''General_Jacob_Devers:_World_War_II's_Forgotten_Four_Star''108–109-155">[155]</a> The Army attempted development of an improved version of the T20, the <a href="/wiki/T20_Medium_Tank#T23_series" class="mw-redirect" title="T20 Medium Tank">T23</a>, but design flaws kept it from being moved into production.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Armored_Thunderbolt:_The_U.S._Army_Sherman_in_World_War_II''122-124-156">[156]</a> In December 1943, Devers and other commanders with tank experience succeeded in convincing George Marshall of the need for a tank with more armor and firepower than the M3 and M4.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Armored_Champion:_The_Top_Tanks_of_World_War_II''261-157">[157]</a> An improved prototype, the T26, was produced as the <a href="/wiki/M26_Pershing" title="M26 Pershing">M26 Pershing</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Armored_Thunderbolt:_The_U.S._Army_Sherman_in_World_War_II''122-124-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Armored_Champion:_The_Top_Tanks_of_World_War_II''261-157">[157]</a> and the Army ordered 250 Pershings.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Armored_Thunderbolt:_The_U.S._Army_Sherman_in_World_War_II''122-124-156">[156]</a> McNair was opposed, stating that the M4 was adequate, and arguing that tank-on-tank battles requiring the U.S. to employ heavier tanks with bigger guns were unlikely to occur.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Planning_Munitions_for_War''280-158">[158]</a> The Pershings were fielded, but arrived in Europe too late to have an effect on the conduct of the war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Armored_Thunderbolt:_The_U.S._Army_Sherman_in_World_War_II''122-124-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Armored_Champion:_The_Top_Tanks_of_World_War_II''261-157">[157]</a> McNair's views on the employment of tanks also factored into reorganizations of the Army's armored divisions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Infantry's_Armor''4-159">[159]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Armor_Branch_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Armor Branch (United States)">Armored Force</a> had been created in 1940, and grew to include <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_divisions_during_World_War_II#Armored_Divisions" title="List of United States divisions during World War II">16 divisions</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''GI_Ingenuity''176-160">[160]</a> though McNair unsuccessfully recommended reducing the number to six.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''General_Jacob_Devers:_World_War_II's_Forgotten_Four_Star''78-161">[161]</a> The Armored Force created an armored corps headquarters in 1942, but it was deactivated at McNair's instigation after only a few months.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''GI_Ingenuity''176-160">[160]</a> In addition to arguing against the need for an armored corps, McNair believed the task organization for an armored division to be too large and unwieldy, again presuming that tanks would primarily serve as an exploitation force for rapid advances and as infantry support, but were not likely to engage in tank-on-tank battles.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Infantry's_Armor''4-159">[159]</a> As a result, he played a key role in downsizing the armored divisions in 1942 and 1943, with the 1943 reorganization reducing the divisions by 4,000 soldiers and between 130 and 140 tanks.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''GI_Ingenuity''176-160">[160]</a> The downsizing enabled the creation of <a href="/wiki/Separate_tank_battalion" title="Separate tank battalion">separate tank battalions</a>, which could be deployed to support infantry divisions on an as-needed basis.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Infantry's_Armor''4-159">[159]</a> (The downsizing did not affect the 2nd or 3rd Armored Divisions, which maintained their "heavy" task organization.)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''GI_Ingenuity''176-160">[160]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_burial">Death and burial</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Death and burial">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lesley_J._McNair_Purple_Heart_1943_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="McNair after being awarded Purple Heart in 1943" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Lesley_J._McNair_Purple_Heart_1943_%282%29.jpg/220px-Lesley_J._McNair_Purple_Heart_1943_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Lesley_J._McNair_Purple_Heart_1943_%282%29.jpg/330px-Lesley_J._McNair_Purple_Heart_1943_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Lesley_J._McNair_Purple_Heart_1943_%282%29.jpg/440px-Lesley_J._McNair_Purple_Heart_1943_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="737" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>McNair after being awarded the <a href="/wiki/Purple_Heart" title="Purple Heart">Purple Heart</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> in April 1943, with left arm in sling</figcaption></figure> In 1943, McNair traveled to <a href="/wiki/North_African_campaign" title="North African campaign">North Africa</a> on an inspection tour of AGF troops to acquire firsthand information about the effectiveness of training and doctrine, with the goal of making improvements in AGF's mobilization and training process.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"385-162">[162]</a> On 23 April, he was observing front line troops in action in <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> when he sustained fragmentation wounds to his arm and head;<a href="#cite_note-ltascom-163">[163]</a> a company <a href="/wiki/First_sergeant" title="First sergeant">first sergeant</a> standing nearby was killed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"385–386-164">[164]</a> McNair deployed to the <a href="/wiki/European_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="European theatre of World War II">European Theater</a> in 1944; his assignment was initially undetermined, and Marshall and <a href="/wiki/Dwight_Eisenhower" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwight Eisenhower">Dwight Eisenhower</a>, the supreme commander in Europe, considered him for command of the <a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_United_States_Army" title="Fifteenth United States Army">Fifteenth United States Army</a> or the fictitious <a href="/wiki/First_United_States_Army_Group" title="First United States Army Group">First United States Army Group</a> (FUSAG).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"387-165">[165]</a> With Lieutenant General George S. Patton, the FUSAG commander, slated to take command of the actual <a href="/wiki/Third_United_States_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Third United States Army">Third United States Army</a> after the invasion, the Army required another commander with a recognizable name and sufficient prestige to continue the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Quicksilver_(deception_plan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Quicksilver (deception plan)">Operation Quicksilver</a> deception that masked the actual landing sites for <a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord">Operation Overlord</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Normandy" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Normandy">Invasion of Normandy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"387-165">[165]</a> Eisenhower requested McNair as Patton's FUSAG successor, and Marshall approved.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"387-165">[165]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lesley_J._McNair_(New_grave_marker).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="McNair's grave marker showing posthumous promotion" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Lesley_J._McNair_%28New_grave_marker%29.jpg/220px-Lesley_J._McNair_%28New_grave_marker%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Lesley_J._McNair_%28New_grave_marker%29.jpg/330px-Lesley_J._McNair_%28New_grave_marker%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Lesley_J._McNair_%28New_grave_marker%29.jpg/440px-Lesley_J._McNair_%28New_grave_marker%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="598" data-file-height="896" /></a><figcaption>Lesley J. McNair grave marker, updated to reflect posthumous promotion, dedicated 11 November 2010</figcaption></figure> In July 1944, McNair was in France to observe troops in action during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Cobra" title="Operation Cobra">Operation Cobra</a>, and add to the FUSAG deception by making the Germans believe he was in France to exercise command.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"387-165">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"The_Tragic_Death_of_General_Lesley_J._McNair_During_Operation_Cobra"-166">[166]</a> He was killed near <a href="/wiki/Saint-L%C3%B4" title="Saint-Lô">Saint-Lô</a> on 25 July when errant bombs of the <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Air_Force" title="Eighth Air Force">Eighth Air Force</a> fell on the positions of 2nd Battalion, <a href="/wiki/120th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="120th Infantry Regiment (United States)">120th Infantry</a>, where McNair was observing the fighting.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"387–388-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''After_D-Day:_Operation_Cobra_and_the_Normandy_Breakout''114–116-168">[168]</a> In one of the first Allied efforts to use heavy bombers in support of ground combat troops, several planes dropped their bombs short of their targets.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"387–388-167">[167]</a> Over 100 U.S. soldiers were killed, and nearly 500 wounded.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Air_Force_Law_Review''199-169">[169]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LesleyMcNairGrave.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="McNair grave marker, prior to 2010" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/LesleyMcNairGrave.jpg/250px-LesleyMcNairGrave.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/LesleyMcNairGrave.jpg/330px-LesleyMcNairGrave.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/LesleyMcNairGrave.jpg/500px-LesleyMcNairGrave.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Grave marker, prior to 2010</figcaption></figure> McNair was buried at the <a href="/wiki/Normandy_American_Cemetery_and_Memorial" title="Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial">Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial</a> in <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a>, France; his funeral was kept secret to maintain the FUSAG deception, and was attended only by his aide and generals Omar Bradley, George S. Patton, <a href="/wiki/Courtney_Hodges" title="Courtney Hodges">Courtney Hodges</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Elwood_Quesada" class="mw-redirect" title="Elwood Quesada">Elwood Quesada</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"The_Tragic_Death_of_General_Lesley_J._McNair_During_Operation_Cobra"-166">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''War_as_I_Knew_it''95-170">[170]</a> When the press reported his death, initial accounts indicated enemy fire had killed him;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"387-165">[165]</a> not until August did the news media report the actual circumstances.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"387-165">[165]</a> McNair is the highest-ranking military officer buried at the Normandy cemetery.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Normandy_Cemetery_and_Memorial''7-171">[171]</a> Along with <a href="/wiki/Frank_Maxwell_Andrews" title="Frank Maxwell Andrews">Frank Maxwell Andrews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simon_Bolivar_Buckner_Jr." title="Simon Bolivar Buckner Jr.">Simon Bolivar Buckner Jr.</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Millard_Harmon" title="Millard Harmon">Millard Harmon</a>, he was <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._general_officers_and_flag_officers_killed_in_World_War_II" title="List of U.S. general officers and flag officers killed in World War II">one of four American lieutenant generals who died in World War II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"High_Ranking_Fighting_Men_Lost_in_Two_Wars"3-172">[172]</a> McNair's tombstone originally indicated his rank of lieutenant general.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_McNair:_Verndale_man_made_the_U.S._a_superpower"-173">[173]</a> In 1954, Buckner and he were posthumously promoted to general by an act of Congress.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_McNair:_Verndale_man_made_the_U.S._a_superpower"-173">[173]</a> The <a href="/wiki/American_Battle_Monuments_Commission" title="American Battle Monuments Commission">American Battle Monuments Commission</a> (ABMC) did not upgrade McNair's gravestone; upon being informed in 2010 that the original marker was still in place, the ABMC replaced McNair's headstone with one that indicates the higher rank.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_McNair:_Verndale_man_made_the_U.S._a_superpower"-173">[173]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hearing_loss">Hearing loss</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Hearing loss">edit</a>]</div> While generally in excellent physical condition even as he aged, McNair began to experience hearing loss early in his career.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"78,_110,_113,_207,_228–230-174">[174]</a> The condition progressed, and included <a href="/wiki/Tinnitus" title="Tinnitus">tinnitus</a>, but did not interfere with his work; physical examinations indicated he had no trouble with tasks including speaking on the telephone.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"78,_110,_113,_207,_228–230-174">[174]</a> By the time he reached the ranks of the Army's senior commanders, his hearing loss was severe enough that he compensated by <a href="/wiki/Lip_reading" title="Lip reading">reading lips</a>, and by forgoing participation in events where his difficulty in hearing would pose an obstacle, such as large conferences.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"277-175">[175]</a> By the late 1930s, he worried that his hearing condition might result in his mandatory retirement for medical reasons.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"229–230-176">[176]</a> Instead, Marshall issued a waiver which allowed him to continue to serve.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"229–230-176">[176]</a> His hearing loss may have prevented him from obtaining a field command during World War II, but Marshall was unwilling to do without his abilities as an organizer and trainer.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"229–230-176">[176]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Legacy">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reputation">Reputation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Reputation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_Lesley_J_McNair_-_front_sign_-_Washington_DC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ft. McNair main gate sign" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Fort_Lesley_J_McNair_-_front_sign_-_Washington_DC.jpg/220px-Fort_Lesley_J_McNair_-_front_sign_-_Washington_DC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Fort_Lesley_J_McNair_-_front_sign_-_Washington_DC.jpg/330px-Fort_Lesley_J_McNair_-_front_sign_-_Washington_DC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Fort_Lesley_J_McNair_-_front_sign_-_Washington_DC.jpg/440px-Fort_Lesley_J_McNair_-_front_sign_-_Washington_DC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1202" /></a><figcaption>Sign near main gate to Fort McNair, the former Washington Barracks</figcaption></figure> McNair was held in high regard by his contemporaries, as evidenced by performance appraisals that routinely gave him the highest possible ratings.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"174,_228,_263-177">[177]</a> Marshall also held McNair in high esteem,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"240–241-178">[178]</a> as demonstrated by the fact that McNair was a top stateside commander during World War II, was considered for a top command in Europe, and was ultimately selected to command the First United States Army Group as part of a deception plan that required a general with a good reputation and high name recognition for successful execution.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"387-165">[165]</a> In addition, soon after McNair was assigned to serve as commandant of the Command and General Staff School, Marshall learned that he would become the Chief of Staff of the Army.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"240–241-178">[178]</a> In a letter to McNair, Marshall wrote: "You at the head of Leavenworth are one of the great satisfactions I have at the moment in visualizing the responsibilities of the next couple of years."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"240–241-178">[178]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mark_W._Clark" title="Mark W. Clark">Mark W. Clark</a> served under McNair as operations officer (G-3) at AGF Headquarters before ascending to the general officer ranks.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"276–277-179">[179]</a> In his autobiography, Clark referred to McNair as "one of the most brilliant, selfless and devoted soldiers" he had ever encountered.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"276–277-179">[179]</a> McNair's primary legacy was his role as "the brains of the Army", in that his involvement in unit design (the triangular division), education (the Command and General Staff Officer Course), doctrine (updating the Field Service Manual and revising field artillery methods and procedures), weapons design and procurement (experimentation with field artillery, anti-tank weapons, and anti-aircraft weapons), and training of soldiers and units (as commander of Army Ground Forces), especially in the era between World Wars I and II, made him one of the primary architects of the Army as the United States employed it for World War II.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"1–2-180">[180]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lesley_J._McNair_honorary_degree_Purdue_1941.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Newspaper story on McNair's 1941 Purdue University speech" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Lesley_J._McNair_honorary_degree_Purdue_1941.jpg/250px-Lesley_J._McNair_honorary_degree_Purdue_1941.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="529" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Lesley_J._McNair_honorary_degree_Purdue_1941.jpg/330px-Lesley_J._McNair_honorary_degree_Purdue_1941.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Lesley_J._McNair_honorary_degree_Purdue_1941.jpg/500px-Lesley_J._McNair_honorary_degree_Purdue_1941.jpg 2x" data-file-width="531" data-file-height="1653" /></a><figcaption>News story on Purdue's 1941 graduation, including McNair's LL.D.</figcaption></figure> Another enduring McNair legacy was his training method of beginning with basic soldier skills and then building through successive echelons until large units became proficient during exercises and war games that closely simulated combat.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"308-115">[115]</a> These concepts remain the Army's core principles for planning, executing, and overseeing individual and collective training.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"308-115">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_debate">Historical debate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Historical debate">edit</a>]</div> McNair's decisions and actions during World War II continue to be debated by historians, particularly the individual replacement system and the difficulties with resolving the issue of tanks versus anti-tank guns and tank destroyers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"The_U.S._World_War_II_Troop_Replacement_Policy"-130">[130]</a> With respect to the individual replacement program, historian <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Ambrose" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen Ambrose">Stephen Ambrose</a> described it as inefficient, wasteful, and a contributor to unnecessary casualties.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"The_U.S._World_War_II_Troop_Replacement_Policy"-130">[130]</a> However, some recent assessments have viewed it more favorably.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"A_few_words_in_favor_of_the_much-derided_individual_replacement_system_for_soldiers"-181">[181]</a> As one example, a 2013 essay by Robert S. Rush concluded "Success results NOT from rotating organizations in and out of combat but from sustaining those organizations while in combat."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"A_few_words_in_favor_of_the_much-derided_individual_replacement_system_for_soldiers"-181">[181]</a> On the questions of fielding anti-tank guns and tank destroyers as the primary anti-armor weapons, and fielding light and medium tanks instead of a heavy tank capable of matching those in German armor units, historians including Mark Calhoun argue that McNair recognized the limitations of the anti-tank weapons then available, and the difficulties with providing better ones given time and production constraints, and so worked to develop a doctrine that made the best possible use of the weapons that were available.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Leadership_and_Operational_Art_in_World_War_II:_The_Case_for_General_Lesley_J._McNair"-182">[182]</a> Other historians, including Steve Zaloga, argue that McNair's opposition to development and fielding of heavy tanks represented a "World War I mindset" that hindered the overall performance of the US Army during World War II.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Armored_Thunderbolt:_The_U.S._Army_Sherman_in_World_War_II''124-183">[183]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Awards and honors">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:McNair_Hall,_Headquarters_of_Fort_Sill,_Oklahoma_April_5,_2017.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="McNair Hall, Ft. Sill" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/McNair_Hall%2C_Headquarters_of_Fort_Sill%2C_Oklahoma_April_5%2C_2017.JPG/220px-McNair_Hall%2C_Headquarters_of_Fort_Sill%2C_Oklahoma_April_5%2C_2017.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/McNair_Hall%2C_Headquarters_of_Fort_Sill%2C_Oklahoma_April_5%2C_2017.JPG/330px-McNair_Hall%2C_Headquarters_of_Fort_Sill%2C_Oklahoma_April_5%2C_2017.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/McNair_Hall%2C_Headquarters_of_Fort_Sill%2C_Oklahoma_April_5%2C_2017.JPG/440px-McNair_Hall%2C_Headquarters_of_Fort_Sill%2C_Oklahoma_April_5%2C_2017.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>McNair Hall, Fort Sill, Oklahoma</figcaption></figure> McNair received the <a href="/wiki/Honorary_degree" title="Honorary degree">honorary degree</a> of <a href="/wiki/LL.D." class="mw-redirect" title="LL.D.">LL.D.</a> from <a href="/wiki/Purdue_University" title="Purdue University">Purdue University</a> in 1941 and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Maine" title="University of Maine">University of Maine</a> in 1943.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Transcription_of_Entries_in_Biographical_Register"-184">[184]</a> The Lesley J. McNair Bridge was a temporary structure over the <a href="/wiki/Rhine_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhine River">Rhine River</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"George_L._Eubanks_Now_On_Rhine"9-185">[185]</a> it stood from 1945 until it was dismantled after the erection of a permanent bridge in 1946.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Lt.Gen._Lesley_McNair_Bridge"-186">[186]</a> <a href="/wiki/Washington_Barracks" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Barracks">Washington Barracks</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, was renamed <a href="/wiki/Fort_Lesley_J._McNair" title="Fort Lesley J. McNair">Fort Lesley J. McNair</a> in 1948.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Fort_Lesley_J._McNair_History"1-187">[187]</a> Roads and buildings on several U.S. Army posts carry the name "McNair", including McNair Avenue<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Contact_Us"-188">[188]</a> and McNair Hall<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Fort_Sill_welcomes_its_new_chief_of_staff"-189">[189]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fort_Sill" title="Fort Sill">Fort Sill</a>), McNair Road (<a href="/wiki/Joint_Base_Myer%E2%80%93Henderson_Hall" title="Joint Base Myer–Henderson Hall">Joint Base Myer–Henderson Hall</a>),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"2,000_Troops_Run_for_Army_Birthday"-190">[190]</a> McNair Drive (<a href="/wiki/Fort_Monroe" title="Fort Monroe">Fort Monroe</a>),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Street_names_on_Fort_Monroe_reveal_post's_past"-191">[191]</a> and McNair Hall (<a href="/wiki/Fort_Leavenworth" title="Fort Leavenworth">Fort Leavenworth</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Home_Page:_TRADOC_Analysis_Center"-192">[192]</a> <a href="/wiki/McNair_Barracks" title="McNair Barracks">McNair Barracks</a> in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, was named for Lesley J. McNair.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''McNair,_McNear,_and_McNeir_Genealogies:_1955_Supplement''45-193">[193]</a> The facility was closed as a U.S. military installation in 1994, and has since been redeveloped, but retains a museum which details its use as a U.S. base.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Changing_Faces_of_Citizenship:_Integration_and_Mobilization_Among_Ethnic_Minorities_in_Germany''278-194">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"McNair_Barracks"-195">[195]</a> McNair <a href="/wiki/Kaserne" title="Kaserne">Kaserne</a> in <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6chst_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Höchst (Frankfurt am Main)">Höchst</a>, Germany, was also named in his honor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"McNair_Kaserne"-196">[196]</a> Home to several Army <a href="/wiki/Signal_Corps_(United_States_Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="Signal Corps (United States Army)">Signal Corps</a> units, it was closed and turned over to the German government in 1992,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"McNair_Kaserne"-196">[196]</a> and has since been redeveloped as residential and commercial space.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"McNair_Kaserne"-196">[196]</a> <a href="/wiki/Veterans_of_Foreign_Wars" title="Veterans of Foreign Wars">Veterans of Foreign Wars</a> Post 5263 in <a href="/wiki/Lawton,_Oklahoma" title="Lawton, Oklahoma">Lawton, Oklahoma</a> (near the Fort Sill Artillery Center and School) is named for him.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Information_Page,_VFW_Post_5263"-197">[197]</a> McNair was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Fort_Leavenworth" title="Fort Leavenworth">Fort Leavenworth</a> Hall of Fame, which was created in 1969 and is managed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Combined_Arms_Center" title="United States Army Combined Arms Center">United States Army Combined Arms Center</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Fort_Leavenworth_Hall_of_Fame"-198">[198]</a> The Fort Leavenworth Hall of Fame honors soldiers who were stationed at Fort Leavenworth, and significantly contributed to the Army's history, heritage, and traditions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Fort_Leavenworth_Hall_of_Fame"-198">[198]</a> In 2005, McNair was inducted into the U.S. Army's <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Army_careers#Force_Management_Functional_Area_(FA_50)" title="List of United States Army careers">Force Development</a> Hall of Fame.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Force_Development_Hall_of_Fame"-199">[199]</a> There is a collection of McNair papers at the <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">National Archives and Records Administration</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"McNair,_Lesley_James,_1883–1944"-200">[200]</a> <a href="/wiki/Purdue_University" title="Purdue University">Purdue University</a> maintains another folder of papers related to McNair's service there.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Lesley_J._McNair_papers,_1928"-201">[201]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Family">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lesley_J._McNair_wedding_1905.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="McNair's wedding announcement in 1905 newspaper" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Lesley_J._McNair_wedding_1905.jpg/125px-Lesley_J._McNair_wedding_1905.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Lesley_J._McNair_wedding_1905.jpg/188px-Lesley_J._McNair_wedding_1905.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Lesley_J._McNair_wedding_1905.jpg/250px-Lesley_J._McNair_wedding_1905.jpg 2x" data-file-width="343" data-file-height="364" /></a><figcaption>Newspaper announcement of McNair-Huster wedding. Mrs. McNair was born "Clara" but was usually called Clare</figcaption></figure> McNair married Clare Huster (1882–1973) of <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> on 15 June 1905.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"16-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Burial_record,_Clare_H._McNair"-202">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Gen._McNair_Killed_in_Action"1,_6-203">[203]</a> They were the parents of a son, Douglas (1907–1944).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Gen._McNair_Killed_in_Action"1,_6-203">[203]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Lesley_McNair_and_family.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/General_Lesley_McNair_and_family.jpg/220px-General_Lesley_McNair_and_family.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/General_Lesley_McNair_and_family.jpg/330px-General_Lesley_McNair_and_family.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/General_Lesley_McNair_and_family.jpg/440px-General_Lesley_McNair_and_family.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="402" /></a><figcaption>McNair and family in 1943. Douglas stands at right. Seated (left) are Douglas's wife Freda and daughter Bonnie Clare. Seated (right) is Clare McNair</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clare_McNair">Clare McNair</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Clare McNair">edit</a>]</div> After McNair's death, Clare McNair was employed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">United States Department of State</a> to investigate working conditions for female members of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Foreign_Service" title="United States Foreign Service">United States Foreign Service</a> Auxiliary, the organization created to augment the Foreign Service during World War II.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Women_in_the_Department_of_State:_Their_Role_in_American_Foreign_Affairs''102–103-204">[204]</a> She traveled to several foreign locations, including North Africa, Europe, and Latin America to interview employees and observe working conditions in order to make recommendations for improvements.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Women_in_the_Department_of_State:_Their_Role_in_American_Foreign_Affairs''102–103-204">[204]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Douglas_C._McNair_(US_Army_officer).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Colonel Douglas McNair" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Douglas_C._McNair_%28US_Army_officer%29.jpg/170px-Douglas_C._McNair_%28US_Army_officer%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Douglas_C._McNair_%28US_Army_officer%29.jpg/255px-Douglas_C._McNair_%28US_Army_officer%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Douglas_C._McNair_%28US_Army_officer%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="528" /></a><figcaption>Colonel Douglas C. McNair</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Douglas_C._McNair">Douglas C. McNair</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Douglas C. McNair">edit</a>]</div> Douglas Crevier McNair was born in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, on 17 April 1907, while his father was stationed at the <a href="/wiki/Watertown_Arsenal" title="Watertown Arsenal">Watertown Arsenal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Memorial,_Douglas_C._McNair"-205">[205]</a> He was a 1928 graduate of West Point, and became an artillery officer after initially qualifying in the infantry branch.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Memorial,_Douglas_C._McNair"-205">[205]</a> The younger McNair advanced through command and staff positions to become chief of staff of the <a href="/wiki/77th_Sustainment_Brigade#World_War_II" title="77th Sustainment Brigade">77th Infantry Division</a> with the rank of <a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)" title="Colonel (United States)">colonel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Memorial,_Col._Douglas_Crevier_McNair"-206">[206]</a> He was killed in action on the island of <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a> on 6 August 1944, only 12 days after the death of his father.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"387–388-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Memorial,_Douglas_C._McNair"-205">[205]</a> He died when two other 77th Division soldiers and he became involved in a skirmish with Japanese soldiers while scouting locations for a new division command post.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Memorial,_Douglas_C._McNair"-205">[205]</a> Douglas McNair posthumously received the <a href="/wiki/Silver_Star" title="Silver Star">Silver Star</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Merit" title="Legion of Merit">Legion of Merit</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Purple_Heart" title="Purple Heart">Purple Heart</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Memorial,_Douglas_C._McNair"-205">[205]</a> First interred on Guam, in 1949 he was buried at the <a href="/wiki/National_Memorial_Cemetery_of_the_Pacific" title="National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific">National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific</a> in Hawaii.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Memorial,_Col._Douglas_Crevier_McNair"-206">[206]</a> The 77th Division named its temporary encampment near <a href="/wiki/Agat,_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="Agat, Guam">Agat, Guam</a>, "Camp McNair" in his honor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Ours_to_Hold_it_High''125-207">[207]</a> Another Camp McNair, this one near <a href="/wiki/Fujiyoshida,_Yamanashi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fujiyoshida, Yamanashi">Fujiyoshida, Japan</a>, served as a U.S. military training facility from the late 1940s until the 1970s, and was used extensively during the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Fighting_on_the_Brink''15-208">[208]</a> In addition, the McNair Village housing development at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Hood" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Hood">Fort Hood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, was also named for him.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Fort_Hood_Memorializations''8-209">[209]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_awards">Military awards</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Military awards">edit</a>]</div> Lesley McNair's awards and decorations included:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Transcription_of_Entries_in_Biographical_Register"-184">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Awards,_Lesley_James_McNair"-46">[46]</a> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="position:relative; width:106px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 23px; top: 5px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze oak leaf cluster"><img alt="Bronze oak leaf cluster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/22px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/33px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/44px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="252" /></a></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 63px; top: 5px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze oak leaf cluster"><img alt="Bronze oak leaf cluster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/22px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/33px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/44px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="252" /></a></div><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/U.S._Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/106px-U.S._Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/U.S._Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/159px-U.S._Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/U.S._Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/212px-U.S._Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Medal_(U.S._Army)" title="Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)">Army Distinguished Service Medal</a> (with two <a href="/wiki/Oak_leaf_cluster" title="Oak leaf cluster">oak leaf clusters</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; width:106px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 43px; top: 5px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze oak leaf cluster"><img alt="Bronze oak leaf cluster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/22px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/33px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/44px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="252" /></a></div><a href="/wiki/File:Purple_Heart_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Purple_Heart_ribbon.svg/106px-Purple_Heart_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Purple_Heart_ribbon.svg/159px-Purple_Heart_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Purple_Heart_ribbon.svg/212px-Purple_Heart_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Purple_Heart" title="Purple Heart">Purple Heart</a> (with one <a href="/wiki/Oak_leaf_cluster" title="Oak leaf cluster">oak leaf cluster</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Mexican_Border_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Mexican_Border_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/106px-Mexican_Border_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Mexican_Border_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/159px-Mexican_Border_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Mexican_Border_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/212px-Mexican_Border_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="132" data-file-height="36" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Border_Service_Medal" title="Mexican Border Service Medal">Mexican Border Service Medal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:World_War_I_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/World_War_I_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg/120px-World_War_I_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/World_War_I_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg/250px-World_War_I_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_Victory_Medal_(United_States)" title="World War I Victory Medal (United States)">World War I Victory Medal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:American_Defense_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/American_Defense_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/106px-American_Defense_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/American_Defense_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/159px-American_Defense_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/American_Defense_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/212px-American_Defense_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_Defense_Service_Medal" title="American Defense Service Medal">American Defense Service Medal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:American_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/American_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg/106px-American_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/American_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg/159px-American_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/American_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg/212px-American_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_Campaign_Medal" title="American Campaign Medal">American Campaign Medal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; width:106px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 13px; top: 5px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Arrowhead_device.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arrowhead device"><img alt="Arrowhead" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Arrowhead_device.svg/20px-Arrowhead_device.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Arrowhead_device.svg/40px-Arrowhead_device.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 43px; top: 5px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbonstar-bronze.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze service star"><img alt="Bronze star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/18px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/27px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/36px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 73px; top: 5px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbonstar-bronze.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze service star"><img alt="Bronze star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/18px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/27px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/36px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><a href="/wiki/File:European-African-Middle_Eastern_Campaign_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/European-African-Middle_Eastern_Campaign_ribbon.svg/106px-European-African-Middle_Eastern_Campaign_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/European-African-Middle_Eastern_Campaign_ribbon.svg/159px-European-African-Middle_Eastern_Campaign_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/European-African-Middle_Eastern_Campaign_ribbon.svg/212px-European-African-Middle_Eastern_Campaign_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="30" /></a></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European%E2%80%93African%E2%80%93Middle_Eastern_Campaign_Medal" title="European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal">European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal</a> with <a href="/wiki/Arrowhead_Device" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrowhead Device">Arrowhead Device</a> and 2 bronze service stars </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:World_War_II_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/World_War_II_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg/120px-World_War_II_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/World_War_II_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg/250px-World_War_II_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="140" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_Victory_Medal" title="World War II Victory Medal">World War II Victory Medal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Legion_Honneur_Officier_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Legion_Honneur_Officier_ribbon.svg/106px-Legion_Honneur_Officier_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Legion_Honneur_Officier_ribbon.svg/159px-Legion_Honneur_Officier_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Legion_Honneur_Officier_ribbon.svg/212px-Legion_Honneur_Officier_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td> <td>Officer of the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur" class="mw-redirect" title="Légion d'honneur">Legion of Honor</a> (France) </td></tr></tbody></table> Note: Two Distinguished Service Medals, one Purple Heart, and the World War II Victory Medal were awarded posthumously. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dates_of_rank">Dates of rank</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Dates of rank">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Insignia</th> <th>Rank</th> <th>Component</th> <th>Date </th></tr> <tr> <td>No insignia </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cadet" title="Cadet">Cadet</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy">United States Military Academy</a></td> <td>1 August 1900<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"14-14">[14]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>No insignia in 1904 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/US_Second_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="US Second Lieutenant">Second Lieutenant</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Regular_Army_(United_States)" title="Regular Army (United States)">Regular Army</a></td> <td>15 June 1904<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"14-14">[14]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O2_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O2_insignia.svg/13px-US-O2_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O2_insignia.svg/20px-US-O2_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O2_insignia.svg/26px-US-O2_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/US_First_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="US First Lieutenant">First Lieutenant</a></td> <td>Regular Army (Temporary)</td> <td>1 July 1905<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Biographical_Register''1077-29">[29]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O2_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O2_insignia.svg/13px-US-O2_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O2_insignia.svg/20px-US-O2_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O2_insignia.svg/26px-US-O2_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/US_First_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="US First Lieutenant">First Lieutenant</a></td> <td>Regular Army</td> <td>25 January 1907<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Biographical_Register''1077-29">[29]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O3_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O3_insignia.svg/40px-US-O3_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O3_insignia.svg/60px-US-O3_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O3_insignia.svg/120px-US-O3_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="534" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Captain_(U.S._Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain (U.S. Army)">Captain</a></td> <td>Regular Army (Temporary)</td> <td>20 May 1907<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"19-30">[30]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O2_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O2_insignia.svg/13px-US-O2_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O2_insignia.svg/20px-US-O2_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O2_insignia.svg/26px-US-O2_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/US_First_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="US First Lieutenant">First Lieutenant</a></td> <td>Regular Army</td> <td>1 July 1909<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"20-31">[31]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O3_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O3_insignia.svg/40px-US-O3_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O3_insignia.svg/60px-US-O3_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O3_insignia.svg/120px-US-O3_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="534" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Captain_(U.S._Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain (U.S. Army)">Captain</a></td> <td>Regular Army</td> <td>9 April 1914<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"31-37">[37]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O4_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/US-O4_insignia.svg/40px-US-O4_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/US-O4_insignia.svg/60px-US-O4_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/US-O4_insignia.svg/120px-US-O4_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="524" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Major_(United_States)" title="Major (United States)">Major</a></td> <td>Regular Army</td> <td>15 May 1917<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"43-42">[42]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O5_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/US-O5_insignia.svg/40px-US-O5_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/US-O5_insignia.svg/60px-US-O5_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/US-O5_insignia.svg/80px-US-O5_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="524" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United States)">Lieutenant Colonel</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Army#World_War_I" title="History of the United States Army">National Army</a> (Temporary)</td> <td>5 August 1917<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"43-42">[42]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O6_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US-O6_insignia.svg/60px-US-O6_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US-O6_insignia.svg/90px-US-O6_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US-O6_insignia.svg/120px-US-O6_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="475" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)" title="Colonel (United States)">Colonel</a></td> <td>National Army (Temporary)</td> <td>26 June 1918<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"44-43">[43]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O7_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/US-O7_insignia.svg/40px-US-O7_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/US-O7_insignia.svg/60px-US-O7_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/US-O7_insignia.svg/120px-US-O7_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="622" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general_(United_States)" title="Brigadier general (United States)">Brigadier General</a></td> <td>National Army (Temporary)</td> <td>1 October 1918<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"44-43">[43]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O4_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/US-O4_insignia.svg/40px-US-O4_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/US-O4_insignia.svg/60px-US-O4_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/US-O4_insignia.svg/120px-US-O4_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="524" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Major_(United_States)" title="Major (United States)">Major</a></td> <td>Regular Army</td> <td>16 July 1919<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"49-48">[48]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O5_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/US-O5_insignia.svg/40px-US-O5_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/US-O5_insignia.svg/60px-US-O5_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/US-O5_insignia.svg/80px-US-O5_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="524" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United States)">Lieutenant Colonel</a></td> <td>Regular Army</td> <td>9 January 1928<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"110-210">[210]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O6_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US-O6_insignia.svg/60px-US-O6_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US-O6_insignia.svg/90px-US-O6_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US-O6_insignia.svg/120px-US-O6_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="475" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)" title="Colonel (United States)">Colonel</a></td> <td>Regular Army</td> <td>1 May 1935<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"210-82">[82]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O7_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/US-O7_insignia.svg/40px-US-O7_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/US-O7_insignia.svg/60px-US-O7_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/US-O7_insignia.svg/120px-US-O7_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="622" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general_(United_States)" title="Brigadier general (United States)">Brigadier General</a></td> <td>Regular Army</td> <td>1 January 1937<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"217-84">[84]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O8_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/US-O8_insignia.svg/66px-US-O8_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="66" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/US-O8_insignia.svg/99px-US-O8_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/US-O8_insignia.svg/132px-US-O8_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1252" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Major_general_(United_States)" title="Major general (United States)">Major General</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_United_States" title="Army of the United States">Army of the United States</a> (Temporary)</td> <td>25 September 1940<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"276-211">[211]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O8_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/US-O8_insignia.svg/66px-US-O8_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="66" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/US-O8_insignia.svg/99px-US-O8_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/US-O8_insignia.svg/132px-US-O8_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1252" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Major_general_(United_States)" title="Major general (United States)">Major General</a></td> <td>Regular Army (Permanent)</td> <td>1 December 1940<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"389-212">[212]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O9_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/US-O9_insignia.svg/100px-US-O9_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/US-O9_insignia.svg/150px-US-O9_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/US-O9_insignia.svg/200px-US-O9_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1883" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant general (United States)">Lieutenant General</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_United_States" title="Army of the United States">Army of the United States</a> (Temporary)</td> <td>9 June 1941<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"310-106">[106]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O10_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/US-O10_insignia.svg/250px-US-O10_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="133" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/US-O10_insignia.svg/330px-US-O10_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2514" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/General_(United_States)" title="General (United States)">General</a></td> <td>Regular Army (Posthumous)</td> <td>19 July 1954<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"390-213">[213]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works_by_McNair">Works by McNair</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Works by McNair">edit</a>]</div> (Partial list) <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_LtMAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA275">"The Single Observation Range Finder"</a>. The Field Artillery Journal. Washington, DC: United States Field Artillery Association. April–June 1915. pp. 275–295 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Field+Artillery+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Single+Observation+Range+Finder&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E275-%3C%2Fspan%3E295&rft.date=1915-04%2F1915-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_LtMAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DRA1-PA275&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B7xBAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA312">"Artillery In Rear Guard Action— Map Problem"</a>. Tactical Principles and Decisions: Volume I. Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas: General Services Schools Press. 1920. pp. 312–320 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tactical+Principles+and+Decisions%3A+Volume+I&rft.atitle=Artillery+In+Rear+Guard+Action%E2%80%94+Map+Problem&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E312-%3C%2Fspan%3E320&rft.date=1920&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB7xBAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA312&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bbxBAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA855">"Raids"</a>. Tactical Principles and Decisions: Volume II. Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas: General Services Schools Press. 1920. pp. 855–872 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tactical+Principles+and+Decisions%3A+Volume+II&rft.atitle=Raids&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E855-%3C%2Fspan%3E872&rft.date=1920&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbbxBAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA855&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015073798483&view=1up&seq=3">Courses in Tactical Principles and Decisions: Lecture - Raids</a>. Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas: U.S. Army School of the Line. 19 February 1920 – via <a href="/wiki/HathiTrust" title="HathiTrust">HathiTrust</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Courses+in+Tactical+Principles+and+Decisions%3A+Lecture+-+Raids&rft.place=Ft.+Leavenworth%2C+Kansas&rft.pub=U.S.+Army+School+of+the+Line&rft.date=1920-02-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Dmdp.39015073798483%26view%3D1up%26seq%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pzUxAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA9-PA6">"Military Training at Educational Institutions"</a>. Purdue Engineering Review. Lafayette, IN: Purdue University. January 1925. pp. 6–7, 18 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Purdue+Engineering+Review&rft.atitle=Military+Training+at+Educational+Institutions&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E6-%3C%2Fspan%3E7%2C+18&rft.date=1925-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpzUxAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DRA9-PA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B-XuV14mJ39DdUYwd3BCbEwtNXM">"The R.O.T.C."</a> The Coast Artillery Journal. Fortress Monroe, Virginia: U.S. Army Coast Artillery School. February 1928. pp. 172–175.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Coast+Artillery+Journal&rft.atitle=The+R.O.T.C.&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E172-%3C%2Fspan%3E175&rft.date=1928-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdrive.google.com%2Fopen%3Fid%3D0B-XuV14mJ39DdUYwd3BCbEwtNXM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180827145837/http://sill-www.army.mil/firesbulletin/archives/1937/JAN_FEB_1937/JAN_FEB_1937_FULL_EDITION.pdf">"And Now The Autogiro"</a> (PDF). The Field Artillery Journal. Washington, DC: United States Field Artillery Association. January–February 1937. pp. 5–17. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sill-www.army.mil/firesbulletin/archives/1937/JAN_FEB_1937/JAN_FEB_1937_FULL_EDITION.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 27 August 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Field+Artillery+Journal&rft.atitle=And+Now+The+Autogiro&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E5-%3C%2Fspan%3E17&rft.date=1937-01%2F1937-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsill-www.army.mil%2Ffiresbulletin%2Farchives%2F1937%2FJAN_FEB_1937%2FJAN_FEB_1937_FULL_EDITION.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/policy/1942/1942-11-11d.html">"Radio Address: The Struggle is for Survival; The Importance of Training and Personnel"</a>. ibiblio.org/. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina. 11 November 1942. Retrieved 6 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ibiblio.org%2F&rft.atitle=Radio+Address%3A+The+Struggle+is+for+Survival%3B+The+Importance+of+Training+and+Personnel&rft.date=1942-11-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fpha%2Fpolicy%2F1942%2F1942-11-11d.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Product_page:_General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Unsung_Architect_of_the_U._S._Army"-1"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Product_page:_General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Unsung_Architect_of_the_U._S._Army"_1-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"Product_page:_General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Unsung_Architect_of_the_U._S._Army"">"Product page: General Lesley J. McNair: Unsung Architect of the U. S. Army"</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Generals_in_Khaki''263-2"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Generals_in_Khaki''263_2-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGenerals_in_Khaki">Generals in Khaki</a>, p. 263. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"12–13-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"12–13_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"12–13_3-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 12–13. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''McNair,_McNear,_and_McNeir_Genealogies:_1955_Supplement''43-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''McNair,_McNear,_and_McNeir_Genealogies:_1955_Supplement''43_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''McNair,_McNear,_and_McNeir_Genealogies:_1955_Supplement''43_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''McNair,_McNear,_and_McNeir_Genealogies:_1955_Supplement''43_4-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcNair,_McNear,_and_McNeir_Genealogies:_1955_Supplement">McNair, McNear, and McNeir Genealogies: 1955 Supplement</a>, p. 43. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Minnesota_Death_Index,_1908–2002,_entry_for_Nora_M._Jessup"-5"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Minnesota_Death_Index,_1908–2002,_entry_for_Nora_M._Jessup"_5-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"Minnesota_Death_Index,_1908–2002,_entry_for_Nora_M._Jessup"">"Minnesota Death Index, 1908–2002, entry for Nora M. Jessup"</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Death_notice,_Murray_M._McNair"12B-6"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Death_notice,_Murray_M._McNair"12B_6-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"Death_notice,_Murray_M._McNair"">"Death notice, Murray M. McNair"</a>, p. 12B. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"California_Death_Index,_1940–1997,_entry_for_Irene_Naftalin"-7"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"California_Death_Index,_1940–1997,_entry_for_Irene_Naftalin"_7-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"California_Death_Index,_1940–1997,_entry_for_Irene_Naftalin"">"California Death Index, 1940–1997, entry for Irene Naftalin"</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"13-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"13_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"13_8-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 13. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Minnesota_American_Legion_Military_Hall_of_Fame:_Lesley_J._McNair"6-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Minnesota_American_Legion_Military_Hall_of_Fame:_Lesley_J._McNair"6_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Minnesota_American_Legion_Military_Hall_of_Fame:_Lesley_J._McNair"6_9-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREF"Minnesota_American_Legion_Military_Hall_of_Fame:_Lesley_J._McNair"">"Minnesota American Legion Military Hall of Fame: Lesley J. McNair"</a>, p. 6. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"McNair_Unable_to_Visit_Sisters_On_Trip_Here_Last_Year"3-10"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"McNair_Unable_to_Visit_Sisters_On_Trip_Here_Last_Year"3_10-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"McNair_Unable_to_Visit_Sisters_On_Trip_Here_Last_Year"">"McNair Unable to Visit Sisters On Trip Here Last Year"</a>, p. 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Author_Highlights_WW_II_Vet/South_Grad"-11"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Author_Highlights_WW_II_Vet/South_Grad"_11-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"Author_Highlights_WW_II_Vet/South_Grad"">"Author Highlights WW II Vet/South Grad"</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Town_Notes:_Walter_B._Congdon_and_Lesley_McNair"9-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Town_Notes:_Walter_B._Congdon_and_Lesley_McNair"9_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Town_Notes:_Walter_B._Congdon_and_Lesley_McNair"9_12-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREF"Town_Notes:_Walter_B._Congdon_and_Lesley_McNair"">"Town Notes: Walter B. Congdon and Lesley McNair"</a>, p. 9. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"13–14-13"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"13–14_13-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 13–14. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"14-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"14_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"14_14-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"14_14-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Houlton_and_Woolnough:_They_Are_Recommended_for_Cadetships"2-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Houlton_and_Woolnough:_They_Are_Recommended_for_Cadetships"2_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Houlton_and_Woolnough:_They_Are_Recommended_for_Cadetships"2_15-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREF"Houlton_and_Woolnough:_They_Are_Recommended_for_Cadetships"">"Houlton and Woolnough: They Are Recommended for Cadetships"</a>, p. 2. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"15-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"15_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"15_16-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"15_16-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 15. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Howitzer''60-17"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Howitzer''60_17-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Howitzer">The Howitzer</a>, p. 60. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Howitzer''212–213-18"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Howitzer''212–213_18-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Howitzer">The Howitzer</a>, pp. 212–213. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Howitzer''35-19"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Howitzer''35_19-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Howitzer">The Howitzer</a>, p. 35. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Howitzer''39-20"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Howitzer''39_20-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Howitzer">The Howitzer</a>, p. 39. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Howitzer''45-21"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Howitzer''45_21-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Howitzer">The Howitzer</a>, p. 45. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Howitzer''51-22"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Howitzer''51_22-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Howitzer">The Howitzer</a>, p. 51. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Howitzer''52-23"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Howitzer''52_23-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Howitzer">The Howitzer</a>, p. 52. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Howitzer''64-24"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Howitzer''64_24-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Howitzer">The Howitzer</a>, p. 64. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Howitzer''65-25"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Howitzer''65_25-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Howitzer">The Howitzer</a>, p. 65. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Howitzer''70-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Howitzer''70_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Howitzer''70_26-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Howitzer">The Howitzer</a>, p. 70. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"16-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"16_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"16_27-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"16_27-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"16_27-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"16_27-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 16. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"17–19-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"17–19_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"17–19_28-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"17–19_28-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"17–19_28-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 17–19. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Biographical_Register''1077-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Biographical_Register''1077_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Biographical_Register''1077_29-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Biographical_Register''1077_29-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Biographical_Register''1077_29-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Biographical_Register''1077_29-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFBiographical_Register">Biographical Register</a>, p. 1077. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"19-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"19_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"19_30-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"19_30-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 19. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"20-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"20_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"20_31-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"20_31-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"20_31-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 20. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"22–30-32"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"22–30_32-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 22–30. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Report_of_the_Field_Artillery_Board''4-33"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Report_of_the_Field_Artillery_Board''4_33-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFReport_of_the_Field_Artillery_Board">Report of the Field Artillery Board</a>, p. 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Recent_Patents"29-34"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Recent_Patents"29_34-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"Recent_Patents"">"Recent Patents"</a>, p. 29. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"30-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"30_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"30_35-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"30_35-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 30. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Biographical_Register''1078-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Biographical_Register''1078_36-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBiographical_Register">Biographical Register</a>, p. 1078. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"31-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"31_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"31_37-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"31_37-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"31_37-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"31_37-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"31_37-5">f</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 31. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Field_Artillery_Directory:_Regular_Army"351-38"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Field_Artillery_Directory:_Regular_Army"351_38-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"Field_Artillery_Directory:_Regular_Army"">"Field Artillery Directory: Regular Army"</a>, p. 351. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"32–34-39"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"32–34_39-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 32–34. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Camp_Bullis:_A_History_of_the_Leon_Springs_Military_Reservation,_1890–1990''23-40"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Camp_Bullis:_A_History_of_the_Leon_Springs_Military_Reservation,_1890–1990''23_40-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCamp_Bullis:_A_History_of_the_Leon_Springs_Military_Reservation,_1890–1990">Camp Bullis: A History of the Leon Springs Military Reservation, 1890–1990</a>, p. 23. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"34-41"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"34_41-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 34. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"43-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"43_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"43_42-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"43_42-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"43_42-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"43_42-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 43. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"44-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"44_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"44_43-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"44_43-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 44. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"54-44"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"54_44-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 54. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''American_Legionnaires_of_France''286-45"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''American_Legionnaires_of_France''286_45-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAmerican_Legionnaires_of_France">American Legionnaires of France</a>, p. 286. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Awards,_Lesley_James_McNair"-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Awards,_Lesley_James_McNair"_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Awards,_Lesley_James_McNair"_46-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREF"Awards,_Lesley_James_McNair"">"Awards, Lesley James McNair"</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"48–49-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"48–49_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"48–49_47-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"48–49_47-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 48–49. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"49-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"49_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"49_48-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 49. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"49–50-49"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"49–50_49-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 49–50. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"50-50"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"50_50-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 50. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"52-51"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"52_51-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 52. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"52–53-52"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"52–53_52-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 52–53. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"56-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"56_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"56_53-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 56. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"57–62-54">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"57–62_54-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"57–62_54-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"57–62_54-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"57–62_54-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 57–62. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"64–67-55">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"64–67_55-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"64–67_55-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"64–67_55-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 64–67. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"68–71-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"68–71_56-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"68–71_56-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"68–71_56-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"68–71_56-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"68–71_56-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"68–71_56-5">f</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 68–71. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"71–75-57"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"71–75_57-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 71–75. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"75-58">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"75_58-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"75_58-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 75. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"76–79-59">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"76–79_59-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"76–79_59-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"76–79_59-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"76–79_59-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"76–79_59-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 76–79. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Five_Year_Suspension_for_Billy_Mitchell"28-60"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Five_Year_Suspension_for_Billy_Mitchell"28_60-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"Five_Year_Suspension_for_Billy_Mitchell"">"Five Year Suspension for Billy Mitchell"</a>, p. 28. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Billy_Mitchell's_Resignation_was_Accepted_Today"1-61"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Billy_Mitchell's_Resignation_was_Accepted_Today"1_61-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"Billy_Mitchell's_Resignation_was_Accepted_Today"">"Billy Mitchell's Resignation was Accepted Today"</a>, p. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Lafayette_and_Purdue_Will_Observe_Peace_Anniversary"1-62"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Lafayette_and_Purdue_Will_Observe_Peace_Anniversary"1_62-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"Lafayette_and_Purdue_Will_Observe_Peace_Anniversary"">"Lafayette and Purdue Will Observe Peace Anniversary"</a>, p. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"80-63"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"80_63-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 80. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"91-64">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"91_64-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"91_64-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 91. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"91–92-65"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"91–92_65-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 91–92. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"94–105-66">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"94–105_66-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"94–105_66-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"94–105_66-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"94–105_66-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 94–105. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"104–106-67">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"104–106_67-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"104–106_67-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"104–106_67-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"104–106_67-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 104–106. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"113-68"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"113_68-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 113. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"114,_127-69"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"114,_127_69-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 114, 127. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"134–176-70"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"134–176_70-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 134–176. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Encyclopedia_of_World_War_II''193-71"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Encyclopedia_of_World_War_II''193_71-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEncyclopedia_of_World_War_II">Encyclopedia of World War II</a>, p. 193. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Encyclopedia_of_World_War_II''375-72"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Encyclopedia_of_World_War_II''375_72-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEncyclopedia_of_World_War_II">Encyclopedia of World War II</a>, p. 375. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''World_War_II:_The_Definitive_Encyclopedia_and_Document_Collection''740-73"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''World_War_II:_The_Definitive_Encyclopedia_and_Document_Collection''740_73-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWorld_War_II:_The_Definitive_Encyclopedia_and_Document_Collection">World War II: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection</a>, p. 740. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Kansas_Biographical_Dictionary''212-74"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Kansas_Biographical_Dictionary''212_74-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKansas_Biographical_Dictionary">Kansas Biographical Dictionary</a>, p. 212. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Troy_H._Middleton:_A_Biography''139-75"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Troy_H._Middleton:_A_Biography''139_75-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTroy_H._Middleton:_A_Biography">Troy H. Middleton: A Biography</a>, p. 139. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Memorial_page:_Franklin_C._Sibert_1912"-76"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Memorial_page:_Franklin_C._Sibert_1912"_76-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"Memorial_page:_Franklin_C._Sibert_1912"">"Memorial page: Franklin C. Sibert 1912"</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"174-77"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"174_77-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 174. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"174–175-78"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"174–175_78-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 174–175. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"177–195-79">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"177–195_79-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"177–195_79-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"177–195_79-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"177–195_79-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"177–195_79-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"177–195_79-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"177–195_79-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"177–195_79-7">h</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 177–195. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"197–198-80">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"197–198_80-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"197–198_80-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"197–198_80-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 197–198. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"201–206-81">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"201–206_81-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"201–206_81-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"201–206_81-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"201–206_81-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"201–206_81-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 201–206. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"210-82">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"210_82-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"210_82-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 210. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"209–217-83">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"209–217_83-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"209–217_83-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"209–217_83-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 209–217. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"217-84">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"217_84-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"217_84-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 217. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"218-85"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"218_85-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 218. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"219–227-86">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"219–227_86-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"219–227_86-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"219–227_86-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 219–227. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Seek,_Strike_and_Destroy:_US_Army_Tank_Destroyer_Doctrine_in_World_War_II''7-87"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Seek,_Strike_and_Destroy:_US_Army_Tank_Destroyer_Doctrine_in_World_War_II''7_87-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSeek,_Strike_and_Destroy:_US_Army_Tank_Destroyer_Doctrine_in_World_War_II">Seek, Strike and Destroy: US Army Tank Destroyer Doctrine in World War II</a>, p. 7. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"228-88">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"228_88-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"228_88-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 228. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"235-89"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"235_89-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 235. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"238-90"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"238_90-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 238. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"238–242-91">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"238–242_91-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"238–242_91-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"238–242_91-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 238–242. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"256–257-92"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"256–257_92-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 256–257. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"248–251-93"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"248–251_93-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 248–251. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"254-94"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"254_94-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 254. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"262-95"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"262_95-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 262. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"263-96">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"263_96-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"263_96-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 263. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"269-97"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"269_97-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 269. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"270–271-98">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"270–271_98-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"270–271_98-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 270–271. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"271–274-99"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"271–274_99-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 271–274. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"273–274-100"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"273–274_100-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 273–274. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"274-101"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"274_101-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 274. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Organization_of_Ground_Combat_Troops''12-102">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Organization_of_Ground_Combat_Troops''12_102-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Organization_of_Ground_Combat_Troops''12_102-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Organization_of_Ground_Combat_Troops">The Organization of Ground Combat Troops</a>, p. 12. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Organization_of_Ground_Combat_Troops''13-103">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Organization_of_Ground_Combat_Troops''13_103-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Organization_of_Ground_Combat_Troops''13_103-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Organization_of_Ground_Combat_Troops">The Organization of Ground Combat Troops</a>, p. 13. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"279–280,_286,_309–314-104"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"279–280,_286,_309–314_104-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 279–280, 286, 309–314. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Purge_of_the_Thirtieth_Division''xii–xiii-105"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Purge_of_the_Thirtieth_Division''xii–xiii_105-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Purge_of_the_Thirtieth_Division">The Purge of the Thirtieth Division</a>, pp. xii–xiii. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"310-106">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"310_106-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"310_106-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 310. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"275-107">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"275_107-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"275_107-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 275. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"332–333-108">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"332–333_108-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"332–333_108-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 332–333. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"316-109">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"316_109-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"316_109-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 316. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Procurement_and_Training_of_Ground_Combat_Troops''1-110">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Procurement_and_Training_of_Ground_Combat_Troops''1_110-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Procurement_and_Training_of_Ground_Combat_Troops''1_110-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Procurement_and_Training_of_Ground_Combat_Troops">The Procurement and Training of Ground Combat Troops</a>, p. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"316–317-111">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"316–317_111-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"316–317_111-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"316–317_111-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 316–317. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"317–324-112">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"317–324_112-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"317–324_112-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 317–324. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"322,_332-113"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"322,_332_113-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 322, 332. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"285,_322,_332-114"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"285,_322,_332_114-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 285, 322, 332. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"308-115">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"308_115-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"308_115-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"308_115-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"308_115-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"308_115-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 308. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"285–286-116">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"285–286_116-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"285–286_116-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"285–286_116-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 285–286. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"285–287-117"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"285–287_117-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 285–287. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Postwar_Duties_for_Stackpole"26-118"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Postwar_Duties_for_Stackpole"26_118-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"Postwar_Duties_for_Stackpole"">"Postwar Duties for Stackpole"</a>, p. 26. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Col._Abendroth_Pledges_His_Best_to_D.C._Guard"A-17-119"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Col._Abendroth_Pledges_His_Best_to_D.C._Guard"A-17_119-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"Col._Abendroth_Pledges_His_Best_to_D.C._Guard"">"Col. Abendroth Pledges His Best to D.C. Guard"</a>, p. A-17. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Erickson_Resigns_as_Draft_Director:_Accepts_Colonelcy_in_U.S._Army"5-120"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Erickson_Resigns_as_Draft_Director:_Accepts_Colonelcy_in_U.S._Army"5_120-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"Erickson_Resigns_as_Draft_Director:_Accepts_Colonelcy_in_U.S._Army"">"Erickson Resigns as Draft Director: Accepts Colonelcy in U.S. Army"</a>, p. 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Command_Decisions:_The_90_Division_Gamble''366-121">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Command_Decisions:_The_90_Division_Gamble''366_121-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Command_Decisions:_The_90_Division_Gamble''366_121-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFCommand_Decisions:_The_90_Division_Gamble">Command Decisions: The 90 Division Gamble</a>, p. 366. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Human_Tradition_in_the_World_War_II_Era''xxii-122"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Human_Tradition_in_the_World_War_II_Era''xxii_122-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Human_Tradition_in_the_World_War_II_Era">The Human Tradition in the World War II Era</a>, p. xxii. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Command_Decisions:_The_90_Division_Gamble''367-123"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Command_Decisions:_The_90_Division_Gamble''367_123-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCommand_Decisions:_The_90_Division_Gamble">Command Decisions: The 90 Division Gamble</a>, p. 367. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Reorganization_of_Ground_Troops_for_Combat''56–57-124">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Reorganization_of_Ground_Troops_for_Combat''56–57_124-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Reorganization_of_Ground_Troops_for_Combat''56–57_124-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFReorganization_of_Ground_Troops_for_Combat">Reorganization of Ground Troops for Combat</a>, pp. 56–57. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Dictionary_of_North_Carolina_Biography''45–46-125">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Dictionary_of_North_Carolina_Biography''45–46_125-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Dictionary_of_North_Carolina_Biography''45–46_125-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Dictionary_of_North_Carolina_Biography''45–46_125-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Dictionary_of_North_Carolina_Biography''45–46_125-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFDictionary_of_North_Carolina_Biography">Dictionary of North Carolina Biography</a>, pp. 45–46. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Bunker_Hill_to_Bastogne''218-126"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Bunker_Hill_to_Bastogne''218_126-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBunker_Hill_to_Bastogne">Bunker Hill to Bastogne</a>, p. 218. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''World_War_II_in_Europe''646-127">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''World_War_II_in_Europe''646_127-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''World_War_II_in_Europe''646_127-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''World_War_II_in_Europe''646_127-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''World_War_II_in_Europe''646_127-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFWorld_War_II_in_Europe">World War II in Europe</a>, p. 646. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Library_of_Congress_World_War_II_Companion''303–304-128"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Library_of_Congress_World_War_II_Companion''303–304_128-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Library_of_Congress_World_War_II_Companion">The Library of Congress World War II Companion</a>, pp. 303–304. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"344–356-129">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"344–356_129-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"344–356_129-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"344–356_129-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 344–356. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"The_U.S._World_War_II_Troop_Replacement_Policy"-130">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"The_U.S._World_War_II_Troop_Replacement_Policy"_130-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"The_U.S._World_War_II_Troop_Replacement_Policy"_130-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"The_U.S._World_War_II_Troop_Replacement_Policy"_130-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"The_U.S._World_War_II_Troop_Replacement_Policy"_130-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"The_U.S._World_War_II_Troop_Replacement_Policy"_130-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"The_U.S._World_War_II_Troop_Replacement_Policy"_130-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"The_U.S._World_War_II_Troop_Replacement_Policy"_130-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"The_U.S._World_War_II_Troop_Replacement_Policy"_130-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"The_U.S._World_War_II_Troop_Replacement_Policy"_130-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"The_U.S._World_War_II_Troop_Replacement_Policy"_130-9">j</a> <a href="#CITEREF"The_U.S._World_War_II_Troop_Replacement_Policy"">"The U.S. World War II Troop Replacement Policy"</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"356-131">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"356_131-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"356_131-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 356. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"356–357-132"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"356–357_132-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 356–357. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"357–358-133"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"357–358_133-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 357–358. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"358–360-134"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"358–360_134-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 358–360. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"361–362-135"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"361–362_135-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 361–362. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Procurement_and_Training_of_Ground_Combat_Troops''60-136">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Procurement_and_Training_of_Ground_Combat_Troops''60_136-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Procurement_and_Training_of_Ground_Combat_Troops''60_136-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Procurement_and_Training_of_Ground_Combat_Troops''60_136-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Procurement_and_Training_of_Ground_Combat_Troops''60_136-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Procurement_and_Training_of_Ground_Combat_Troops''60_136-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Procurement_and_Training_of_Ground_Combat_Troops">The Procurement and Training of Ground Combat Troops</a>, p. 60. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"347–349-137">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"347–349_137-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"347–349_137-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 347–349. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Procurement_and_Training_of_Ground_Combat_Troops''19-138">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Procurement_and_Training_of_Ground_Combat_Troops''19_138-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Procurement_and_Training_of_Ground_Combat_Troops''19_138-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Procurement_and_Training_of_Ground_Combat_Troops">The Procurement and Training of Ground Combat Troops</a>, p. 19. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"350-139"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"350_139-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 350. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Training_of_Negro_Troops''iii-140">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Training_of_Negro_Troops''iii_140-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Training_of_Negro_Troops''iii_140-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Training_of_Negro_Troops''iii_140-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Training_of_Negro_Troops''iii_140-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Training_of_Negro_Troops''iii_140-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Training_of_Negro_Troops''iii_140-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Training_of_Negro_Troops''iii_140-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Training_of_Negro_Troops''iii_140-7">h</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Training_of_Negro_Troops">The Training of Negro Troops</a>, p. iii. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Training_of_Negro_Troops''5–6-141"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Training_of_Negro_Troops''5–6_141-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Training_of_Negro_Troops">The Training of Negro Troops</a>, pp. 5–6. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Training_of_Negro_Troops''3-142">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Training_of_Negro_Troops''3_142-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Training_of_Negro_Troops''3_142-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Training_of_Negro_Troops''3_142-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Training_of_Negro_Troops''3_142-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Training_of_Negro_Troops">The Training of Negro Troops</a>, p. 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Training_of_Negro_Troops''6–8-143"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Training_of_Negro_Troops''6–8_143-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Training_of_Negro_Troops">The Training of Negro Troops</a>, pp. 6–8. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Training_of_Negro_Troops''4-144">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Training_of_Negro_Troops''4_144-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Training_of_Negro_Troops''4_144-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Training_of_Negro_Troops">The Training of Negro Troops</a>, p. 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"364-145"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"364_145-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 364. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"365-146">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"365_146-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"365_146-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 365. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Organization_of_Ground_Combat_Troops''427-147"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Organization_of_Ground_Combat_Troops''427_147-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Organization_of_Ground_Combat_Troops">The Organization of Ground Combat Troops</a>, p. 427. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"365–366-148">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"365–366_148-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"365–366_148-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"365–366_148-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"365–366_148-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 365–366. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Mobility,_Shock,_and_Firepower''315–316-149"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Mobility,_Shock,_and_Firepower''315–316_149-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMobility,_Shock,_and_Firepower">Mobility, Shock, and Firepower</a>, pp. 315–316. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"366-150"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"366_150-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 366. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"366–367-151"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"366–367_151-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 366–367. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"367-152"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"367_152-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 367. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"366–368-153">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"366–368_153-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"366–368_153-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 366–368. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Tank:_100_Years_of_the_World's_Most_Important_Armored_Military_Vehicle''141-154"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Tank:_100_Years_of_the_World's_Most_Important_Armored_Military_Vehicle''141_154-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTank:_100_Years_of_the_World's_Most_Important_Armored_Military_Vehicle">Tank: 100 Years of the World's Most Important Armored Military Vehicle</a>, p. 141. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''General_Jacob_Devers:_World_War_II's_Forgotten_Four_Star''108–109-155">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''General_Jacob_Devers:_World_War_II's_Forgotten_Four_Star''108–109_155-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''General_Jacob_Devers:_World_War_II's_Forgotten_Four_Star''108–109_155-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''General_Jacob_Devers:_World_War_II's_Forgotten_Four_Star''108–109_155-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''General_Jacob_Devers:_World_War_II's_Forgotten_Four_Star''108–109_155-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''General_Jacob_Devers:_World_War_II's_Forgotten_Four_Star''108–109_155-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFGeneral_Jacob_Devers:_World_War_II's_Forgotten_Four_Star">General Jacob Devers: World War II's Forgotten Four Star</a>, pp. 108–109. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Armored_Thunderbolt:_The_U.S._Army_Sherman_in_World_War_II''122-124-156">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Armored_Thunderbolt:_The_U.S._Army_Sherman_in_World_War_II''122-124_156-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Armored_Thunderbolt:_The_U.S._Army_Sherman_in_World_War_II''122-124_156-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Armored_Thunderbolt:_The_U.S._Army_Sherman_in_World_War_II''122-124_156-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Armored_Thunderbolt:_The_U.S._Army_Sherman_in_World_War_II''122-124_156-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFArmored_Thunderbolt:_The_U.S._Army_Sherman_in_World_War_II">Armored Thunderbolt: The U.S. Army Sherman in World War II</a>, p. 122-124. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Armored_Champion:_The_Top_Tanks_of_World_War_II''261-157">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Armored_Champion:_The_Top_Tanks_of_World_War_II''261_157-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Armored_Champion:_The_Top_Tanks_of_World_War_II''261_157-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Armored_Champion:_The_Top_Tanks_of_World_War_II''261_157-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFArmored_Champion:_The_Top_Tanks_of_World_War_II">Armored Champion: The Top Tanks of World War II</a>, p. 261. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Planning_Munitions_for_War''280-158"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Planning_Munitions_for_War''280_158-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPlanning_Munitions_for_War">Planning Munitions for War</a>, p. 280. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Infantry's_Armor''4-159">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Infantry's_Armor''4_159-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Infantry's_Armor''4_159-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Infantry's_Armor''4_159-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Infantry's_Armor">The Infantry's Armor</a>, p. 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''GI_Ingenuity''176-160">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''GI_Ingenuity''176_160-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''GI_Ingenuity''176_160-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''GI_Ingenuity''176_160-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''GI_Ingenuity''176_160-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFGI_Ingenuity">GI Ingenuity</a>, p. 176. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''General_Jacob_Devers:_World_War_II's_Forgotten_Four_Star''78-161"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''General_Jacob_Devers:_World_War_II's_Forgotten_Four_Star''78_161-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGeneral_Jacob_Devers:_World_War_II's_Forgotten_Four_Star">General Jacob Devers: World War II's Forgotten Four Star</a>, p. 78. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"385-162"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"385_162-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 385. </li> <li id="cite_note-ltascom-163"><a href="#cite_ref-ltascom_163-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=aiVdAAAAIBAJ&pg=1215%2C2189315">"Lear temporarily assumes command"</a>. Lawrence Daily Journal-World. (Kansas). (photo). 27 April 1943. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lawrence+Daily+Journal-World&rft.atitle=Lear+temporarily+assumes+command&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1943-04-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DaiVdAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D1215%252C2189315&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"385–386-164"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"385–386_164-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 385–386. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"387-165">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"387_165-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"387_165-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"387_165-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"387_165-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"387_165-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"387_165-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"387_165-6">g</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 387. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"The_Tragic_Death_of_General_Lesley_J._McNair_During_Operation_Cobra"-166">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"The_Tragic_Death_of_General_Lesley_J._McNair_During_Operation_Cobra"_166-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"The_Tragic_Death_of_General_Lesley_J._McNair_During_Operation_Cobra"_166-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREF"The_Tragic_Death_of_General_Lesley_J._McNair_During_Operation_Cobra"">"The Tragic Death of General Lesley J. McNair During Operation Cobra"</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"387–388-167">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"387–388_167-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"387–388_167-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"387–388_167-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 387–388. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''After_D-Day:_Operation_Cobra_and_the_Normandy_Breakout''114–116-168"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''After_D-Day:_Operation_Cobra_and_the_Normandy_Breakout''114–116_168-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAfter_D-Day:_Operation_Cobra_and_the_Normandy_Breakout">After D-Day: Operation Cobra and the Normandy Breakout</a>, pp. 114–116. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Air_Force_Law_Review''199-169"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Air_Force_Law_Review''199_169-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Air_Force_Law_Review">The Air Force Law Review</a>, p. 199. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''War_as_I_Knew_it''95-170"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''War_as_I_Knew_it''95_170-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWar_as_I_Knew_it">War as I Knew it</a>, p. 95. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Normandy_Cemetery_and_Memorial''7-171"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Normandy_Cemetery_and_Memorial''7_171-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNormandy_Cemetery_and_Memorial">Normandy Cemetery and Memorial</a>, p. 7. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"High_Ranking_Fighting_Men_Lost_in_Two_Wars"3-172"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"High_Ranking_Fighting_Men_Lost_in_Two_Wars"3_172-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"High_Ranking_Fighting_Men_Lost_in_Two_Wars"">"High Ranking Fighting Men Lost in Two Wars"</a>, p. 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_McNair:_Verndale_man_made_the_U.S._a_superpower"-173">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_McNair:_Verndale_man_made_the_U.S._a_superpower"_173-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_McNair:_Verndale_man_made_the_U.S._a_superpower"_173-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_McNair:_Verndale_man_made_the_U.S._a_superpower"_173-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_McNair:_Verndale_man_made_the_U.S._a_superpower"">"General McNair: Verndale man made the U.S. a superpower"</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"78,_110,_113,_207,_228–230-174">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"78,_110,_113,_207,_228–230_174-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"78,_110,_113,_207,_228–230_174-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 78, 110, 113, 207, 228–230. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"277-175"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"277_175-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 277. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"229–230-176">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"229–230_176-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"229–230_176-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"229–230_176-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 229–230. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"174,_228,_263-177"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"174,_228,_263_177-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 174, 228, 263. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"240–241-178">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"240–241_178-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"240–241_178-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"240–241_178-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 240–241. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"276–277-179">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"276–277_179-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"276–277_179-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 276–277. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"1–2-180"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"1–2_180-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, pp. 1–2. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"A_few_words_in_favor_of_the_much-derided_individual_replacement_system_for_soldiers"-181">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"A_few_words_in_favor_of_the_much-derided_individual_replacement_system_for_soldiers"_181-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"A_few_words_in_favor_of_the_much-derided_individual_replacement_system_for_soldiers"_181-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREF"A_few_words_in_favor_of_the_much-derided_individual_replacement_system_for_soldiers"">"A few words in favor of the much-derided individual replacement system for soldiers"</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Leadership_and_Operational_Art_in_World_War_II:_The_Case_for_General_Lesley_J._McNair"-182"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Leadership_and_Operational_Art_in_World_War_II:_The_Case_for_General_Lesley_J._McNair"_182-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"Leadership_and_Operational_Art_in_World_War_II:_The_Case_for_General_Lesley_J._McNair"">"Leadership and Operational Art in World War II: The Case for General Lesley J. McNair"</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Armored_Thunderbolt:_The_U.S._Army_Sherman_in_World_War_II''124-183"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Armored_Thunderbolt:_The_U.S._Army_Sherman_in_World_War_II''124_183-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFArmored_Thunderbolt:_The_U.S._Army_Sherman_in_World_War_II">Armored Thunderbolt: The U.S. Army Sherman in World War II</a>, p. 124. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Transcription_of_Entries_in_Biographical_Register"-184">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Transcription_of_Entries_in_Biographical_Register"_184-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Transcription_of_Entries_in_Biographical_Register"_184-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREF"Transcription_of_Entries_in_Biographical_Register"">"Transcription of Entries in Biographical Register"</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"George_L._Eubanks_Now_On_Rhine"9-185"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"George_L._Eubanks_Now_On_Rhine"9_185-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"George_L._Eubanks_Now_On_Rhine"">"George L. Eubanks Now On Rhine"</a>, p. 9. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Lt.Gen._Lesley_McNair_Bridge"-186"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Lt.Gen._Lesley_McNair_Bridge"_186-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"Lt.Gen._Lesley_McNair_Bridge"">"Lt.Gen. Lesley McNair Bridge"</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Fort_Lesley_J._McNair_History"1-187"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Fort_Lesley_J._McNair_History"1_187-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"Fort_Lesley_J._McNair_History"">"Fort Lesley J. McNair History"</a>, p. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Contact_Us"-188"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Contact_Us"_188-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"Contact_Us"">"Contact Us"</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Fort_Sill_welcomes_its_new_chief_of_staff"-189"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Fort_Sill_welcomes_its_new_chief_of_staff"_189-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"Fort_Sill_welcomes_its_new_chief_of_staff"">"Fort Sill welcomes its new chief of staff"</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"2,000_Troops_Run_for_Army_Birthday"-190"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"2,000_Troops_Run_for_Army_Birthday"_190-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"2,000_Troops_Run_for_Army_Birthday"">"2,000 Troops Run for Army Birthday"</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Street_names_on_Fort_Monroe_reveal_post's_past"-191"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Street_names_on_Fort_Monroe_reveal_post's_past"_191-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"Street_names_on_Fort_Monroe_reveal_post's_past"">"Street names on Fort Monroe reveal post's past"</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Home_Page:_TRADOC_Analysis_Center"-192"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Home_Page:_TRADOC_Analysis_Center"_192-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"Home_Page:_TRADOC_Analysis_Center"">"Home Page: TRADOC Analysis Center"</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''McNair,_McNear,_and_McNeir_Genealogies:_1955_Supplement''45-193"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''McNair,_McNear,_and_McNeir_Genealogies:_1955_Supplement''45_193-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcNair,_McNear,_and_McNeir_Genealogies:_1955_Supplement">McNair, McNear, and McNeir Genealogies: 1955 Supplement</a>, p. 45. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Changing_Faces_of_Citizenship:_Integration_and_Mobilization_Among_Ethnic_Minorities_in_Germany''278-194"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Changing_Faces_of_Citizenship:_Integration_and_Mobilization_Among_Ethnic_Minorities_in_Germany''278_194-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Changing_Faces_of_Citizenship:_Integration_and_Mobilization_Among_Ethnic_Minorities_in_Germany">The Changing Faces of Citizenship: Integration and Mobilization Among Ethnic Minorities in Germany</a>, p. 278. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"McNair_Barracks"-195"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"McNair_Barracks"_195-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"McNair_Barracks"">"McNair Barracks"</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"McNair_Kaserne"-196">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"McNair_Kaserne"_196-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"McNair_Kaserne"_196-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"McNair_Kaserne"_196-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREF"McNair_Kaserne"">"McNair Kaserne"</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Information_Page,_VFW_Post_5263"-197"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Information_Page,_VFW_Post_5263"_197-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"Information_Page,_VFW_Post_5263"">"Information Page, VFW Post 5263"</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Fort_Leavenworth_Hall_of_Fame"-198">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Fort_Leavenworth_Hall_of_Fame"_198-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Fort_Leavenworth_Hall_of_Fame"_198-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREF"Fort_Leavenworth_Hall_of_Fame"">"Fort Leavenworth Hall of Fame"</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Force_Development_Hall_of_Fame"-199"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Force_Development_Hall_of_Fame"_199-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"Force_Development_Hall_of_Fame"">"Force Development Hall of Fame"</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"McNair,_Lesley_James,_1883–1944"-200"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"McNair,_Lesley_James,_1883–1944"_200-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"McNair,_Lesley_James,_1883–1944"">"McNair, Lesley James, 1883–1944"</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Lesley_J._McNair_papers,_1928"-201"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Lesley_J._McNair_papers,_1928"_201-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"Lesley_J._McNair_papers,_1928"">"Lesley J. McNair papers, 1928"</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Burial_record,_Clare_H._McNair"-202"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Burial_record,_Clare_H._McNair"_202-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"Burial_record,_Clare_H._McNair"">"Burial record, Clare H. McNair"</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Gen._McNair_Killed_in_Action"1,_6-203">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Gen._McNair_Killed_in_Action"1,_6_203-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Gen._McNair_Killed_in_Action"1,_6_203-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREF"Gen._McNair_Killed_in_Action"">"Gen. McNair Killed in Action"</a>, pp. 1, 6. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Women_in_the_Department_of_State:_Their_Role_in_American_Foreign_Affairs''102–103-204">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Women_in_the_Department_of_State:_Their_Role_in_American_Foreign_Affairs''102–103_204-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Women_in_the_Department_of_State:_Their_Role_in_American_Foreign_Affairs''102–103_204-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFWomen_in_the_Department_of_State:_Their_Role_in_American_Foreign_Affairs">Women in the Department of State: Their Role in American Foreign Affairs</a>, pp. 102–103. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Memorial,_Douglas_C._McNair"-205">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Memorial,_Douglas_C._McNair"_205-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Memorial,_Douglas_C._McNair"_205-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Memorial,_Douglas_C._McNair"_205-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Memorial,_Douglas_C._McNair"_205-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Memorial,_Douglas_C._McNair"_205-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREF"Memorial,_Douglas_C._McNair"">"Memorial, Douglas C. McNair"</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Memorial,_Col._Douglas_Crevier_McNair"-206">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Memorial,_Col._Douglas_Crevier_McNair"_206-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Memorial,_Col._Douglas_Crevier_McNair"_206-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREF"Memorial,_Col._Douglas_Crevier_McNair"">"Memorial, Col. Douglas Crevier McNair"</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Ours_to_Hold_it_High''125-207"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Ours_to_Hold_it_High''125_207-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOurs_to_Hold_it_High">Ours to Hold it High</a>, p. 125. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Fighting_on_the_Brink''15-208"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Fighting_on_the_Brink''15_208-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFighting_on_the_Brink">Fighting on the Brink</a>, p. 15. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Fort_Hood_Memorializations''8-209"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Fort_Hood_Memorializations''8_209-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFort_Hood_Memorializations">Fort Hood Memorializations</a>, p. 8. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"110-210"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"110_210-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 110. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"276-211"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"276_211-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 276. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"389-212"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"389_212-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 389. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"390-213"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"390_213-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"">"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"</a>, p. 390. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Books">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGeneral_Jacob_Devers:_World_War_II's_Forgotten_Four_Star" class="citation book cs1">Adams, John A. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m4FVBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA109">General Jacob Devers: World War II's Forgotten Four Star</a>. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-01517-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-01517-4"><bdi>978-0-253-01517-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=General+Jacob+Devers%3A+World+War+II%27s+Forgotten+Four+Star&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+IN&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-253-01517-4&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=John+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm4FVBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThe_Air_Force_Law_Review" class="citation book cs1">Air Force Judge Advocate General's School (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S8ceaWQvB_YC&q=%22Eighth+Air+Force+heavy+bombers+killed+between+101+and+118+American+soldiers+while+wounding+approximately+500+others+in+support+operations+for+Operation+Cobra%22">The Air Force Law Review</a>. Washington, DC: United States Air Force.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Air+Force+Law+Review&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=United+States+Air+Force&rft.date=1990&rft.au=Air+Force+Judge+Advocate+General%27s+School&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS8ceaWQvB_YC%26q%3D%2522Eighth%2BAir%2BForce%2Bheavy%2Bbombers%2Bkilled%2Bbetween%2B101%2Band%2B118%2BAmerican%2Bsoldiers%2Bwhile%2Bwounding%2Bapproximately%2B500%2Bothers%2Bin%2Bsupport%2Boperations%2Bfor%2BOperation%2BCobra%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNormandy_Cemetery_and_Memorial" class="citation book cs1">American Battle Monuments Commission. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303175752/https://www.abmc.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Normandy_Booklet_4-8-2014_508.pdf">Normandy Cemetery and Memorial</a> (PDF). Washington, DC: ABMC. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abmc.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Normandy_Booklet_4-8-2014_508.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 2 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Normandy+Cemetery+and+Memorial&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=ABMC&rft.au=American+Battle+Monuments+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abmc.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpublications%2FNormandy_Booklet_4-8-2014_508.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEncyclopedia_of_World_War_II" class="citation book cs1">Axelrod, Alan (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LbWFgjW6KX8C&pg=PA193">Encyclopedia of World War II</a>. Vol. 1. New York: Facts on File, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-6022-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-6022-1"><bdi>978-0-8160-6022-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+World+War+II&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Facts+on+File%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8160-6022-1&rft.aulast=Axelrod&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLbWFgjW6KX8C%26pg%3DPA193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBunker_Hill_to_Bastogne" class="citation book cs1">Busch, Briton Cooper (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oUBmpPEk324C&pg=PA218">Bunker Hill to Bastogne: Elite Forces and American Society</a>. Washington, DC: Potomac Books, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57488-775-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57488-775-4"><bdi>978-1-57488-775-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bunker+Hill+to+Bastogne%3A+Elite+Forces+and+American+Society&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=Potomac+Books%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-57488-775-4&rft.aulast=Busch&rft.aufirst=Briton+Cooper&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoUBmpPEk324C%26pg%3DPA218&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWomen_in_the_Department_of_State:_Their_Role_in_American_Foreign_Affairs" class="citation book cs1">Calkin, Homer L. (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED179481.pdf">Women in the Department of State: Their Role in American Foreign Affairs</a> (PDF). Washington, DC: United States Department of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+in+the+Department+of+State%3A+Their+Role+in+American+Foreign+Affairs&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+State&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Calkin&rft.aufirst=Homer+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffiles.eric.ed.gov%2Ffulltext%2FED179481.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMobility,_Shock,_and_Firepower" class="citation book cs1">Cameron, Robert Stewart (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NxmfrHtIKyQC&pg=PA316">Mobility, Shock, and Firepower: The Emergence of the U.S. Army's Armor Branch, 1917–1945</a>. Washington, DC: Center of Military History, U.S. Army. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780160872419" title="Special:BookSources/9780160872419"><bdi>9780160872419</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mobility%2C+Shock%2C+and+Firepower%3A+The+Emergence+of+the+U.S.+Army%27s+Armor+Branch%2C+1917%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=Center+of+Military+History%2C+U.S.+Army&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780160872419&rft.aulast=Cameron&rft.aufirst=Robert+Stewart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNxmfrHtIKyQC%26pg%3DPA316&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAfter_D-Day:_Operation_Cobra_and_the_Normandy_Breakout" class="citation book cs1">Carafano, James Jay (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aeW3DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA115">After D-Day: Operation Cobra and the Normandy Breakout</a>. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8117-3487-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8117-3487-5"><bdi>978-0-8117-3487-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=After+D-Day%3A+Operation+Cobra+and+the+Normandy+Breakout&rft.place=Mechanicsburg%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pub=Stackpole+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8117-3487-5&rft.aulast=Carafano&rft.aufirst=James+Jay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaeW3DAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGI_Ingenuity" class="citation book cs1">Carafano, James Jay (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wuq3DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA176">GI Ingenuity: Improvisation, Technology, and Winning World War II</a>. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781461751076" title="Special:BookSources/9781461751076"><bdi>9781461751076</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=GI+Ingenuity%3A+Improvisation%2C+Technology%2C+and+Winning+World+War+II&rft.place=Mechanicsburg%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pub=Stackpole+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781461751076&rft.aulast=Carafano&rft.aufirst=James+Jay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dwuq3DAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA176&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBiographical_Register" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Cullum, George Washington; Holden, Edward Singleton (1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BNY-AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1077">Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the United States Military Academy</a>. Vol. 6, Part 1. Saginaw, MI: Seeman & Peters.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biographical+Register+of+the+Officers+and+Graduates+of+the+United+States+Military+Academy&rft.place=Saginaw%2C+MI&rft.pub=Seeman+%26+Peters&rft.date=1920&rft.aulast=Cullum&rft.aufirst=George+Washington&rft.au=Holden%2C+Edward+Singleton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBNY-AQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA1077&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCamp_Bullis:_A_History_of_the_Leon_Springs_Military_Reservation,_1890–1990" class="citation book cs1">Curator, Fort Sam Houston Museum (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PShVOF_PrAQC&q=%22mcnair%22">Camp Bullis: A History of the Leon Springs Military Reservation, 1890–1990</a>. Camp Bullis, Texas: Fort Sam Houston Museum.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Camp+Bullis%3A+A+History+of+the+Leon+Springs+Military+Reservation%2C+1890%E2%80%931990&rft.place=Camp+Bullis%2C+Texas&rft.pub=Fort+Sam+Houston+Museum&rft.date=1990&rft.au=Curator%2C+Fort+Sam+Houston+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPShVOF_PrAQC%26q%3D%2522mcnair%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGenerals_in_Khaki" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Henry Blaine Jr. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fJvvAAAAMAAJ&q=%22mcnair%2C+lesley+james%22">Generals in Khaki</a>. Raleigh, NC: Pentland Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57197-088-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57197-088-6"><bdi>978-1-57197-088-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generals+in+Khaki&rft.place=Raleigh%2C+NC&rft.pub=Pentland+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-57197-088-6&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Henry+Blaine+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfJvvAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522mcnair%252C%2Blesley%2Bjames%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFighting_on_the_Brink" class="citation book cs1">Ent, Uzal W. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l2Zbbu8QoTUC&pg=PA15">Fighting on the Brink: Defense of the Pusan Perimeter</a>. Paducah, Kentucky: Turner Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56311-209-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56311-209-6"><bdi>978-1-56311-209-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fighting+on+the+Brink%3A+Defense+of+the+Pusan+Perimeter&rft.place=Paducah%2C+Kentucky&rft.pub=Turner+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1-56311-209-6&rft.aulast=Ent&rft.aufirst=Uzal+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl2Zbbu8QoTUC%26pg%3DPA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReport_of_the_Field_Artillery_Board" class="citation book cs1">Field Artillery Board, U.S. Army (1910). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZClbAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA4">Report of the Field Artillery Board on a Test of the Efficiency of Modern Field Works When Attacked by the Latest Types of Field Cannon Designed for the United States Artillery</a>. Washington Barracks, Washington, DC: Engineer School, U.S. Army.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+Field+Artillery+Board+on+a+Test+of+the+Efficiency+of+Modern+Field+Works+When+Attacked+by+the+Latest+Types+of+Field+Cannon+Designed+for+the+United+States+Artillery&rft.place=Washington+Barracks%2C+Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=Engineer+School%2C+U.S.+Army&rft.date=1910&rft.au=Field+Artillery+Board%2C+U.S.+Army&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZClbAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSeek,_Strike_and_Destroy:_US_Army_Tank_Destroyer_Doctrine_in_World_War_II" class="citation book cs1">Gabel, Christopher R. (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IA1ljqnb7IwC&pg=PA7">Seek, Strike and Destroy: US Army Tank Destroyer Doctrine in World War II</a>. Ft. Leavenworth, KS: Combat Studies Institute, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781428915770" title="Special:BookSources/9781428915770"><bdi>9781428915770</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seek%2C+Strike+and+Destroy%3A+US+Army+Tank+Destroyer+Doctrine+in+World+War+II&rft.place=Ft.+Leavenworth%2C+KS&rft.pub=Combat+Studies+Institute%2C+U.S.+Army+Command+and+General+Staff+College&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=9781428915770&rft.aulast=Gabel&rft.aufirst=Christopher+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIA1ljqnb7IwC%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Legionnaires_of_France" class="citation book cs1">Gore, James Howard (1922). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/americanlegionna00goreiala#page/286/mode/2up">American Legionnaires of France</a>. Washington, DC: W. F. Roberts Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Legionnaires+of+France&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=W.+F.+Roberts+Co.&rft.date=1922&rft.aulast=Gore&rft.aufirst=James+Howard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Famericanlegionna00goreiala%23page%2F286%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPlanning_Munitions_for_War" class="citation book cs1">Green, Constance McLaughlin; Thomson, Harry C.; Roots, Peter C. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304105129/http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/010/10-9/CMH_Pub_10-9.pdf">The Ordnance Department: Planning Munitions for War</a> (PDF). Washington, DC: Center of Military History, United States Army. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/010/10-9/CMH_Pub_10-9.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 25 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ordnance+Department%3A+Planning+Munitions+for+War&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=Center+of+Military+History%2C+United+States+Army&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Constance+McLaughlin&rft.au=Thomson%2C+Harry+C.&rft.au=Roots%2C+Peter+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.army.mil%2Fhtml%2Fbooks%2F010%2F10-9%2FCMH_Pub_10-9.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThe_Organization_of_Ground_Combat_Troops" class="citation book cs1">Greenfeld, Kent Roberts; Palmer, Robert R.; Wiley, Bell I. (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924054827/http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/002/2-1/CMH_Pub_2-1.pdf">United States Army in World War II: The Army Ground Forces; The Organization of Ground Combat Troops</a> (PDF). Washington, DC: Center of Military History, U.S. Army. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/002/2-1/CMH_Pub_2-1.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=United+States+Army+in+World+War+II%3A+The+Army+Ground+Forces%3B+The+Organization+of+Ground+Combat+Troops&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=Center+of+Military+History%2C+U.S.+Army&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Greenfeld&rft.aufirst=Kent+Roberts&rft.au=Palmer%2C+Robert+R.&rft.au=Wiley%2C+Bell+I.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.army.mil%2Fhtml%2Fbooks%2F002%2F2-1%2FCMH_Pub_2-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTank:_100_Years_of_the_World's_Most_Important_Armored_Military_Vehicle" class="citation book cs1">Haskew, Michael E. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S5eOCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA141">Tank: 100 Years of the World's Most Important Armored Military Vehicle</a>. Walker, Michigan: Zenith Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-4963-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-4963-2"><bdi>978-0-7603-4963-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tank%3A+100+Years+of+the+World%27s+Most+Important+Armored+Military+Vehicle&rft.place=Walker%2C+Michigan&rft.pub=Zenith+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-7603-4963-2&rft.aulast=Haskew&rft.aufirst=Michael+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS5eOCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFort_Hood_Memorializations" class="citation book cs1">History Division, Headquarters III Corps and Fort Hood (25 January 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hood.army.mil/dhr/pubs/fhpam870-1.pdf">FH PAM 870-1: Fort Hood Memorializations</a> (PDF). Fort Hood, TX: Headquarters III Corps and Fort Hood.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=FH+PAM+870-1%3A+Fort+Hood+Memorializations&rft.place=Fort+Hood%2C+TX&rft.pub=Headquarters+III+Corps+and+Fort+Hood&rft.date=1991-01-25&rft.au=History+Division%2C+Headquarters+III+Corps+and+Fort+Hood&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hood.army.mil%2Fdhr%2Fpubs%2Ffhpam870-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThe_Library_of_Congress_World_War_II_Companion" class="citation book cs1">Kennedy, David M. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0bRaa7UuD6EC&pg=PA303">The Library of Congress World War II Companion</a>. New York: Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-5219-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-5219-5"><bdi>978-0-7432-5219-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Library+of+Congress+World+War+II+Companion&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-5219-5&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0bRaa7UuD6EC%26pg%3DPA303&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCommand_Decisions:_The_90_Division_Gamble" class="citation book cs1">Matloff, Maurice (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112083212826;view=1up;seq=1">Command Decisions: The 90 Division Gamble</a>. CMH pub. ;70-7-15. Washington, DC: Center of Military History, U.S. Army.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Command+Decisions%3A+The+90+Division+Gamble&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=CMH+pub.+%3B70-7-15&rft.pub=Center+of+Military+History%2C+U.S.+Army&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Matloff&rft.aufirst=Maurice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Duiug.30112083212826%3Bview%3D1up%3Bseq%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcNair,_McNear,_and_McNeir_Genealogies:_1955_Supplement" class="citation book cs1">McNair, James Birtley (1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89061966800;view=1up;seq=67">McNair, McNear, and McNeir Genealogies: 1955 Supplement</a>. Los Angeles, California: Westernlore Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=McNair%2C+McNear%2C+and+McNeir+Genealogies%3A+1955+Supplement&rft.place=Los+Angeles%2C+California&rft.pub=Westernlore+Press&rft.date=1955&rft.aulast=McNair&rft.aufirst=James+Birtley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Dwu.89061966800%3Bview%3D1up%3Bseq%3D67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThe_Human_Tradition_in_the_World_War_II_Era" class="citation book cs1">Muir, Malcolm Jr. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=omIFYtHtMWYC&pg=PR22">The Human Tradition in the World War II Era</a>. 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(1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160325235626/http://history.army.mil/html/books/002/2-2/CMH_Pub_2-2.pdf">United States Army in World War II: Army Ground Forces; The Procurement and Training of Ground Combat Troops</a> (PDF). Washington, DC: Center of Military History, U.S. Army. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/002/2-2/CMH_Pub_2-2.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 25 March 2016. 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(1945). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170501004831/http://www.history.army.mil/books/agf/AGF08/ch22.htm">Army Ground Forces Study No. 8: Reorganization of Ground Troops for Combat</a>. Washington, DC: Historical Section – Army Ground Forces. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/books/agf/AGF08/ch22.htm">the original</a> on 1 May 2017. Retrieved 24 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Army+Ground+Forces+Study+No.+8%3A+Reorganization+of+Ground+Troops+for+Combat&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=Historical+Section+%E2%80%93+Army+Ground+Forces&rft.date=1945&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=Robert+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.army.mil%2Fbooks%2Fagf%2FAGF08%2Fch22.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDictionary_of_North_Carolina_Biography" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Powell, William S. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kDQ0DyvxjEAC&pg=PA46">Dictionary of North Carolina Biography</a>. Vol. 4, L–O. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-1918-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-1918-0"><bdi>978-0-8078-1918-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+North+Carolina+Biography&rft.place=Chapel+Hill%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-8078-1918-0&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=William+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkDQ0DyvxjEAC%26pg%3DPA46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWar_as_I_Knew_it" class="citation book cs1">Patton, George S.; Harkins, Paul D. 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Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-395-73529-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-395-73529-9"><bdi>978-0-395-73529-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+as+I+Knew+it&rft.place=Boston%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Company&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-395-73529-9&rft.aulast=Patton&rft.aufirst=George+S.&rft.au=Harkins%2C+Paul+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2A4BPpDQTfcC%26pg%3DPA95&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTroy_H._Middleton:_A_Biography" class="citation book cs1">Price, Frank James (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rPrkseaVX-IC&pg=PA139">Troy H. 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Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8071-2467-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8071-2467-3"><bdi>978-0-8071-2467-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Troy+H.+Middleton%3A+A+Biography&rft.place=Baton+Rouge%2C+LA&rft.pub=Louisiana+State+University+Press&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-0-8071-2467-3&rft.aulast=Price&rft.aufirst=Frank+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrPrkseaVX-IC%26pg%3DPA139&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThe_Purge_of_the_Thirtieth_Division" class="citation book cs1">Russell, Henry (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YSl-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PR12">The Purge of the Thirtieth Division</a>. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8702-1074-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8702-1074-7"><bdi>978-0-8702-1074-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Purge+of+the+Thirtieth+Division&rft.place=Annapolis%2C+MD&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-8702-1074-7&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYSl-BAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPR12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWorld_War_II:_The_Definitive_Encyclopedia_and_Document_Collection" class="citation book cs1">Tucker, Spencer C. 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Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-4593-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-4593-2"><bdi>978-1-4408-4593-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+War+II%3A+The+Definitive+Encyclopedia+and+Document+Collection&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+CA&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-4408-4593-2&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=Spencer+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dwm_YDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA740&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOurs_to_Hold_it_High" class="citation book cs1">Seventy-Seventh Division Association (1947). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EokgAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA125">Ours to Hold it High: The History of the 77th Infantry Division in World War II</a>. 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Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8117-0424-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8117-0424-3"><bdi>978-0-8117-0424-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armored+Thunderbolt%3A+The+U.S.+Army+Sherman+in+World+War+II&rft.place=Mechanicsburg%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pub=Stackpole+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8117-0424-3&rft.aulast=Zaloga&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIwyYBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFArmored_Champion:_The_Top_Tanks_of_World_War_II" class="citation book cs1">Zaloga, Steve (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-O3DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA261">Armored Champion: The Top Tanks of World War II</a>. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8117-1437-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8117-1437-2"><bdi>978-0-8117-1437-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armored+Champion%3A+The+Top+Tanks+of+World+War+II&rft.place=Mechanicsburg%2C+PA&rft.pub=Stackpole+Books&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-8117-1437-2&rft.aulast=Zaloga&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY-O3DAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA261&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internet">Internet</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Internet">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREF"General_Lesley_J._McNair:_Little-Known_Architect_of_the_U.S._Army"" class="citation web cs1">Calhoun, Mark T. 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Retrieved 23 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fort+Sill%2C+Oklahoma&rft.atitle=Contact+Us&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsill-www.army.mil%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREF"Home_Page:_TRADOC_Analysis_Center"" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170324173912/http://www.trac.army.mil/Visitors_flvn_and_hq.htm">"Home Page: TRADOC Analysis Center"</a>. www.trac.army.mil/. Ft. Leavenworth, KS: U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trac.army.mil/Visitors_flvn_and_hq.htm">the original</a> on 24 March 2017. Retrieved 23 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.trac.army.mil%2F&rft.atitle=Home+Page%3A+TRADOC+Analysis+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trac.army.mil%2FVisitors_flvn_and_hq.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREF"A_few_words_in_favor_of_the_much-derided_individual_replacement_system_for_soldiers"" class="citation web cs1">Ricks, Thomas E. (27 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2013/11/27/a-few-words-in-favor-of-the-much-derided-individual-replacement-system-for-soldiers/">"A few words in favor of the much-derided individual replacement system for soldiers"</a>. Voices: Thomas E. Ricks. Washington, DC: Foreign Policy magazine.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Voices%3A+Thomas+E.+Ricks&rft.atitle=A+few+words+in+favor+of+the+much-derided+individual+replacement+system+for+soldiers&rft.date=2013-11-27&rft.aulast=Ricks&rft.aufirst=Thomas+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2F2013%2F11%2F27%2Fa-few-words-in-favor-of-the-much-derided-individual-replacement-system-for-soldiers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREF"Memorial_page:_Franklin_C._Sibert_1912"" class="citation web cs1">Sibert Family (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170318083643/http://apps.westpointaog.org/Memorials/Article/5076/">"Memorial page: Franklin C. Sibert 1912"</a>. apps.westpointaog.org/. West Point, NY: West Point Association of Graduates. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apps.westpointaog.org/Memorials/Article/5076/">the original</a> on 18 March 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=apps.westpointaog.org%2F&rft.atitle=Memorial+page%3A+Franklin+C.+Sibert+1912&rft.date=1980&rft.au=Sibert+Family&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapps.westpointaog.org%2FMemorials%2FArticle%2F5076%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREF"The_U.S._World_War_II_Troop_Replacement_Policy"" class="citation web cs1">Vento, Carol Schultz (21 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defensemedianetwork.com/stories/the-u-s-world-war-ii-troop-replacement-policy/">"The U.S. World War II Troop Replacement Policy"</a>. Defense Media Network. Tampa, Florida: Faircount Media Group.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Defense+Media+Network&rft.atitle=The+U.S.+World+War+II+Troop+Replacement+Policy&rft.date=2012-04-21&rft.aulast=Vento&rft.aufirst=Carol+Schultz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defensemedianetwork.com%2Fstories%2Fthe-u-s-world-war-ii-troop-replacement-policy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREF"McNair_Barracks"" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mcnair-barracks.berlin-brigade.com/">"McNair Barracks"</a>. Berlin Brigade. Retrieved 8 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Berlin+Brigade&rft.atitle=McNair+Barracks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmcnair-barracks.berlin-brigade.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Magazines">Magazines</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Magazines">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREF"Field_Artillery_Directory:_Regular_Army"" class="citation magazine cs1">Aultman, Dwight E. (April–June 1916). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170211040652/http://sill-www.army.mil/firesbulletin/archives/1916/APR_JUN_1916/APR_JUN_1916_FULL_EDITION.pdf">"Field Artillery Directory: Regular Army"</a> (PDF). Field Artillery Journal. Washington, DC: United States Field Artillery Association. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sill-www.army.mil/firesbulletin/archives/1916/APR_JUN_1916/APR_JUN_1916_FULL_EDITION.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 11 February 2017. Retrieved 6 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Field+Artillery+Journal&rft.atitle=Field+Artillery+Directory%3A+Regular+Army&rft.date=1916-04%2F1916-06&rft.aulast=Aultman&rft.aufirst=Dwight+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsill-www.army.mil%2Ffiresbulletin%2Farchives%2F1916%2FAPR_JUN_1916%2FAPR_JUN_1916_FULL_EDITION.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREF"Leadership_and_Operational_Art_in_World_War_II:_The_Case_for_General_Lesley_J._McNair"" class="citation magazine cs1">Lamb, Christopher J. (1 January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ndupress.ndu.edu/JFQ/Joint-Force-Quarterly-84/Article/1038851/leadership-and-operational-art-in-world-war-ii-the-case-for-general-lesley-j-mc/">"Leadership and Operational Art in World War II: The Case for General Lesley J. McNair"</a>. Joint Force Quarterly. Washington, DC: National Defense University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Joint+Force+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Leadership+and+Operational+Art+in+World+War+II%3A+The+Case+for+General+Lesley+J.+McNair&rft.date=2017-01-01&rft.aulast=Lamb&rft.aufirst=Christopher+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fndupress.ndu.edu%2FJFQ%2FJoint-Force-Quarterly-84%2FArticle%2F1038851%2Fleadership-and-operational-art-in-world-war-ii-the-case-for-general-lesley-j-mc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREF"Minnesota_American_Legion_Military_Hall_of_Fame:_Lesley_J._McNair"" class="citation magazine cs1">Zdon, Al (1 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170321170203/http://www.mnlegion.org/February.pdf">"Minnesota American Legion Military Hall of Fame: Lesley J. McNair"</a> (PDF). The Legionnaire. Saint Paul, Minnesota: Minnesota American Legion and Auxiliary. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mnlegion.org/February.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 21 March 2017. Retrieved 21 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Legionnaire&rft.atitle=Minnesota+American+Legion+Military+Hall+of+Fame%3A+Lesley+J.+McNair&rft.date=2015-02-01&rft.aulast=Zdon&rft.aufirst=Al&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mnlegion.org%2FFebruary.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Newspapers">Newspapers</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Newspapers">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREF"Town_Notes:_Walter_B._Congdon_and_Lesley_McNair"" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/82142458/the-bemidji-pioneer/">"Town Notes: Walter B. Congdon and Lesley McNair"</a>. Bemidji Pioneer. Bemidji, Minnesota. 31 May 1900.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bemidji+Pioneer&rft.atitle=Town+Notes%3A+Walter+B.+Congdon+and+Lesley+McNair&rft.date=1900-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F82142458%2Fthe-bemidji-pioneer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREF"Houlton_and_Woolnough:_They_Are_Recommended_for_Cadetships"" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/93069223/houlton-woolnough/">"Houlton and Woolnough: They Are Recommended for Cadetships"</a>. Saint Paul Globe. Saint Paul, Minnesota. 17 July 1900.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Saint+Paul+Globe&rft.atitle=Houlton+and+Woolnough%3A+They+Are+Recommended+for+Cadetships&rft.date=1900-07-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F93069223%2Fhoulton-woolnough%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREF"Recent_Patents"" class="citation news cs1">Church, William Conant, ed. (11 November 1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xVA-AQAAMAAJ&pg=RA18-PA29">"Recent Patents"</a>. Army and Navy Register. Washington, DC – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Army+and+Navy+Register&rft.atitle=Recent+Patents&rft.date=1911-11-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxVA-AQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DRA18-PA29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREF"Lafayette_and_Purdue_Will_Observe_Peace_Anniversary"" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/86650192/lafayette-purdue/">"Lafayette and Purdue Will Observe Peace Anniversary"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Journal_%26_Courier" title="Journal & Courier">Journal & Courier</a>. Lafayette, IN. 7 November 1924.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+%26+Courier&rft.atitle=Lafayette+and+Purdue+Will+Observe+Peace+Anniversary&rft.date=1924-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F86650192%2Flafayette-purdue%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREF"Five_Year_Suspension_for_Billy_Mitchell"" class="citation news cs1">McEvoy, William J. (18 December 1925). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/93069326/mitchell-suspension/">"Five Year Suspension for Billy Mitchell"</a>. Lebanon Daily News. Lebanon, PA. United Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lebanon+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Five+Year+Suspension+for+Billy+Mitchell&rft.date=1925-12-18&rft.aulast=McEvoy&rft.aufirst=William+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F93069326%2Fmitchell-suspension%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREF"Erickson_Resigns_as_Draft_Director:_Accepts_Colonelcy_in_U.S._Army"" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/93069425/erickson-resigns/">"Erickson Resigns as Draft Director: Accepts Colonelcy in U.S. Army"</a>. North Adams Transcript. North Adams, MA. 17 June 1942.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=North+Adams+Transcript&rft.atitle=Erickson+Resigns+as+Draft+Director%3A+Accepts+Colonelcy+in+U.S.+Army&rft.date=1942-06-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F93069425%2Ferickson-resigns%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREF"Billy_Mitchell's_Resignation_was_Accepted_Today"" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/93069488/mitchell-resignation/">"Billy Mitchell's Resignation was Accepted Today"</a>. Lebanon Daily News. Lebanon, PA. United Press. 29 January 1926.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lebanon+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Billy+Mitchell%27s+Resignation+was+Accepted+Today&rft.date=1926-01-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F93069488%2Fmitchell-resignation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREF"Gen._McNair_Killed_in_Action"" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ancestry.com/">"Gen. McNair Killed in Action"</a>. Dixon Evening Telegraph. Dixon, Illinois. Associated Press. 27 July 1944.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dixon+Evening+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Gen.+McNair+Killed+in+Action&rft.date=1944-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancestry.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREF"McNair_Unable_to_Visit_Sisters_On_Trip_Here_Last_Year"" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/93069995/mcnair-sisters/">"McNair Unable to Visit Sisters On Trip Here Last Year"</a>. Minneapolis Star Tribune. Minneapolis, MN. 28 July 1944.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Minneapolis+Star+Tribune&rft.atitle=McNair+Unable+to+Visit+Sisters+On+Trip+Here+Last+Year&rft.date=1944-07-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F93069995%2Fmcnair-sisters%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREF"George_L._Eubanks_Now_On_Rhine"" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/93069609/george-eubanks/">"George L. Eubanks Now On Rhine"</a>. Mexia Weekly Herald. Mexia, Texas. 6 July 1945.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mexia+Weekly+Herald&rft.atitle=George+L.+Eubanks+Now+On+Rhine&rft.date=1945-07-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F93069609%2Fgeorge-eubanks%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREF"Postwar_Duties_for_Stackpole"" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/93069715/stackpole-duties/">"Postwar Duties for Stackpole"</a>. The Evening News. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. 21 July 1945.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Evening+News&rft.atitle=Postwar+Duties+for+Stackpole&rft.date=1945-07-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F93069715%2Fstackpole-duties%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREF"Col._Abendroth_Pledges_His_Best_to_D.C._Guard"" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.genealogybank.com/">"Col. Abendroth Pledges His Best to D.C. Guard"</a>. The Sunday Star. 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Chicago, Illinois. 24 December 1950.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=High+Ranking+Fighting+Men+Lost+in+Two+Wars&rft.date=1950-12-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.chicagotribune.com%2F1950%2F12%2F24%2Fpage%2F3%2Farticle%2Fhigh-ranking-fighting-men-lost-in-two-wars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREF"Death_notice,_Murray_M._McNair"" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/93069781/obituary-for-murray-m-mcnair-aged-88/">"Death notice, Murray M. McNair"</a>. Minneapolis Star Tribune. Minneapolis, MN. 8 August 1976.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Minneapolis+Star+Tribune&rft.atitle=Death+notice%2C+Murray+M.+McNair&rft.date=1976-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F93069781%2Fobituary-for-murray-m-mcnair-aged-88%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREF"2,000_Troops_Run_for_Army_Birthday"" class="citation news cs1">McVeigh, Alex (12 June 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.army.mil/article/9886/2000-troops-run-for-army-birthday/">"2,000 Troops Run for Army Birthday"</a>. www.army.mil/. Washington, DC: U.S. Army.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.army.mil%2F&rft.atitle=2%2C000+Troops+Run+for+Army+Birthday&rft.date=2008-06-12&rft.aulast=McVeigh&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.army.mil%2Farticle%2F9886%2F2000-troops-run-for-army-birthday%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREF"Fort_Sill_welcomes_its_new_chief_of_staff"" class="citation news cs1">Guthrie, Monica K. (23 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.army.mil/article/152735/Fort_Sill_welcomes_its_new_chief_of_staff">"Fort Sill welcomes its new chief of staff"</a>. Fort Sill Cannoneer. Ft. Sill, OK.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fort+Sill+Cannoneer&rft.atitle=Fort+Sill+welcomes+its+new+chief+of+staff&rft.date=2015-07-23&rft.aulast=Guthrie&rft.aufirst=Monica+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.army.mil%2Farticle%2F152735%2FFort_Sill_welcomes_its_new_chief_of_staff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREF"Street_names_on_Fort_Monroe_reveal_post's_past"" class="citation news cs1">Sprock, Phyllis (6 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.militarynews.com/peninsula-warrior/casemate/street-names-on-fort-monroe-reveal-post-s-past/article_bbe9ec74-666f-5d5d-b31d-029249b3414c.html">"Street names on Fort Monroe reveal post's past"</a>. The Peninsula Warrior. Norfolk, Virginia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Peninsula+Warrior&rft.atitle=Street+names+on+Fort+Monroe+reveal+post%27s+past&rft.date=2011-06-06&rft.aulast=Sprock&rft.aufirst=Phyllis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.militarynews.com%2Fpeninsula-warrior%2Fcasemate%2Fstreet-names-on-fort-monroe-reveal-post-s-past%2Farticle_bbe9ec74-666f-5d5d-b31d-029249b3414c.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREF"General_McNair:_Verndale_man_made_the_U.S._a_superpower"" class="citation news cs1">Dougherty, Devon (29 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wadenapj.com/news/4040417-general-mcnair-verndale-man-made-us-superpower">"General McNair: Verndale man made the U.S. a superpower"</a>. Wadena Pioneer Journal. Wadena, Minnesota.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wadena+Pioneer+Journal&rft.atitle=General+McNair%3A+Verndale+man+made+the+U.S.+a+superpower&rft.date=2016-05-29&rft.aulast=Dougherty&rft.aufirst=Devon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wadenapj.com%2Fnews%2F4040417-general-mcnair-verndale-man-made-us-superpower&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREF"Author_Highlights_WW_II_Vet/South_Grad"" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://south.mpls.k12.mn.us/author_highlights_ww_ii_vet_south_grad.html">"Author Highlights WW II Vet/South Grad"</a>. Tiger News. Minneapolis, MN: South High School. 23 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tiger+News&rft.atitle=Author+Highlights+WW+II+Vet%2FSouth+Grad&rft.date=2017-03-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsouth.mpls.k12.mn.us%2Fauthor_highlights_ww_ii_vet_south_grad.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCalhoun2015" class="citation book cs1">Calhoun, Mark T. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170828190307/https://kansaspress.ku.edu/978-0-7006-2069-2.html">General Lesley J. McNair: Unsung Architect of the US Army</a>. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-2069-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-2069-2"><bdi>978-0-7006-2069-2</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kansaspress.ku.edu/978-0-7006-2069-2.html">the original</a> on 28 August 2017. Retrieved 16 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=General+Lesley+J.+McNair%3A+Unsung+Architect+of+the+US+Army&rft.place=Lawrence%2C+Kansas&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-7006-2069-2&rft.aulast=Calhoun&rft.aufirst=Mark+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkansaspress.ku.edu%2F978-0-7006-2069-2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesley_J._McNair&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.criticalpast.com/video/65675037001_Lieutenant-General-Lesley-J-McNair_Twentieth-Army-Headquarter-area_World-War-II_officers">"Film clip: Lieutenant General Lesley J. McNair visits the 20th Army headquarters in Naples, Italy"</a>. CriticalPast. Reston, Virginia: CriticalPast, LLC. Retrieved 20 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CriticalPast&rft.atitle=Film+clip%3A+Lieutenant+General+Lesley+J.+McNair+visits+the+20th+Army+headquarters+in+Naples%2C+Italy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.criticalpast.com%2Fvideo%2F65675037001_Lieutenant-General-Lesley-J-McNair_Twentieth-Army-Headquarter-area_World-War-II_officers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.criticalpast.com/video/65675054493_Lesley-James-McNair_posthumous-recognition_Army-Ground-Forces_Commanding-General">"Film clip: Lieutenant General Lesley James McNair receives posthumous recognition in the United States"</a>. CriticalPast. Reston, Virginia: CriticalPast, LLC. Retrieved 20 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CriticalPast&rft.atitle=Film+clip%3A+Lieutenant+General+Lesley+James+McNair+receives+posthumous+recognition+in+the+United+States&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.criticalpast.com%2Fvideo%2F65675054493_Lesley-James-McNair_posthumous-recognition_Army-Ground-Forces_Commanding-General&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.criticalpast.com/video/65675056405_General-Leslie-J-McNair-bridge_women-with-bicycles_vehicles_River-Rhine_wrecks-in-river">"Film clip: Civilians with their luggage cross General Leslie J. McNair bridge on River Rhine, by various vehicles, in Cologne, Germany"</a>. CriticalPast. Reston, Virginia: CriticalPast, LLC. Retrieved 28 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CriticalPast&rft.atitle=Film+clip%3A+Civilians+with+their+luggage+cross+General+Leslie+J.+McNair+bridge+on+River+Rhine%2C+by+various+vehicles%2C+in+Cologne%2C+Germany&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.criticalpast.com%2Fvideo%2F65675056405_General-Leslie-J-McNair-bridge_women-with-bicycles_vehicles_River-Rhine_wrecks-in-river&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tracesofwar.com/persons/68149">"Awards, Lesley J. McNair"</a>. TracesOfWar.com. Badhoevedorp, Netherlands. Retrieved 20 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TracesOfWar.com&rft.atitle=Awards%2C+Lesley+J.+McNair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tracesofwar.com%2Fpersons%2F68149&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170321171642/http://apps.westpointaog.org/Memorials/Article/4225/">"Memorial, Lesley J. McNair 1904"</a>. apps.westpointaog.org/. West Point, New York: West Point Association of Graduates. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apps.westpointaog.org/Memorials/Article/4225/">the original</a> on 21 March 2017. Retrieved 20 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=apps.westpointaog.org%2F&rft.atitle=Memorial%2C+Lesley+J.+McNair+1904&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapps.westpointaog.org%2FMemorials%2FArticle%2F4225%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALesley+J.+McNair" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/lesley.mcnair.unsung.architect/">"General Lesley J. McNair: Unsung Architect of the US Army"</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/">Facebook</a>. Accessed August 28, 2017.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lesley_J._McNair" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Lesley J. McNair">Lesley J. McNair</a>.</div></div> </div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #CF9C65;">Military offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Michael_Bundel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Michael Bundel (page does not exist)">Charles Michael Bundel</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Commandant_of_the_United_States_Army_Command_and_General_Staff_College" title="Commandant of the United States Army Command and General Staff College">Commandant of the United States Army Command and General Staff School</a> 1939–1940 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edmund_L._Gruber" title="Edmund L. Gruber">Edmund L. Gruber</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">New title </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Army_Ground_Forces" title="Army Ground Forces">Commanding General Army Ground Forces</a> 1942–1944 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Lear" title="Ben Lear">Ben Lear</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_S._Patton" title="George S. Patton">George S. Patton</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/First_United_States_Army_Group" title="First United States Army Group">Commanding General First United States Army Group</a> (fictitious) 1944 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Hood_Simpson" title="William Hood Simpson">William Hood Simpson</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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[\"CITEREF\u0026quot;High_Ranking_Fighting_Men_Lost_in_Two_Wars\u0026quot;\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF\u0026quot;Home_Page:_TRADOC_Analysis_Center\u0026quot;\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF\u0026quot;Houlton_and_Woolnough:_They_Are_Recommended_for_Cadetships\u0026quot;\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF\u0026quot;Information_Page,_VFW_Post_5263\u0026quot;\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF\u0026quot;Lafayette_and_Purdue_Will_Observe_Peace_Anniversary\u0026quot;\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF\u0026quot;Leadership_and_Operational_Art_in_World_War_II:_The_Case_for_General_Lesley_J._McNair\u0026quot;\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF\u0026quot;Lesley_J._McNair_papers,_1928\u0026quot;\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF\u0026quot;Lt.Gen._Lesley_McNair_Bridge\u0026quot;\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF\u0026quot;McNair,_Lesley_James,_1883–1944\u0026quot;\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF\u0026quot;McNair_Barracks\u0026quot;\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF\u0026quot;McNair_Kaserne\u0026quot;\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF\u0026quot;McNair_Unable_to_Visit_Sisters_On_Trip_Here_Last_Year\u0026quot;\"] = 1,\n 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2,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:McNair, Lesley J.\"] = 1,\n [\"Death date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Featured article\"] = 1,\n [\"Flag\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox military person\"] = 1,\n [\"KIA\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 1,\n [\"Quote\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Ribbon devices\"] = 5,\n [\"S-aft\"] = 1,\n [\"S-end\"] = 1,\n [\"S-mil\"] = 1,\n [\"S-new\"] = 1,\n [\"S-start\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ttl\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 405,\n [\"SfnRef\"] = 85,\n [\"Sfnref\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Succession box\"] = 2,\n [\"Tree list\"] = 1,\n [\"Tree list/end\"] = 1,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","300","21.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","240","17.1"],["?","220","15.7"],["recursiveClone 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McNair","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lesley_J._McNair","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q713462","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q713462","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-12-06T08:14:30Z","dateModified":"2025-02-06T09:56:47Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/0e\/Lesley_James_McNair_%28US_Army_General%29.jpg","headline":"recipient of the Purple Heart medal (1883-1944)"}</script> </body> </html>