CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Penthesilea - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"8e346330-8c69-49c0-a82c-9ac0bbbb6c12","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Penthesilea","wgTitle":"Penthesilea","wgCurRevisionId":1252779631,"wgRevisionId":1252779631,"wgArticleId":78594,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Works with IMSLP links","Articles with International Music Score Library Project links","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Articles having same image on Wikidata and Wikipedia","Articles containing Greek-language text","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Amazons of the Trojan war","Queens of the Amazons","Children of Ares","Necrophilia","Women in Greek mythology"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext" ,"wgRelevantPageName":"Penthesilea","wgRelevantArticleId":78594,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q379828","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"], "GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar", "ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.15"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Penthesilea_Dubray_cour_Carree_Louvre.jpg/1200px-Penthesilea_Dubray_cour_Carree_Louvre.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="2666"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Penthesilea_Dubray_cour_Carree_Louvre.jpg/800px-Penthesilea_Dubray_cour_Carree_Louvre.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1778"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Penthesilea_Dubray_cour_Carree_Louvre.jpg/640px-Penthesilea_Dubray_cour_Carree_Louvre.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1422"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Penthesilea - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penthesilea"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Penthesilea&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penthesilea"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Penthesilea rootpage-Penthesilea skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Penthesilea" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Penthesilea" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Penthesilea" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Penthesilea" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-In_the_Epic_Cycle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_Epic_Cycle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>In the Epic Cycle</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_the_Epic_Cycle-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In the Epic Cycle subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_the_Epic_Cycle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Other_traditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_traditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Other traditions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_traditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portrayal_in_antiquity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portrayal_in_antiquity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Portrayal in antiquity</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Portrayal_in_antiquity-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Portrayal in antiquity subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Portrayal_in_antiquity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pseudo-Apollodorus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pseudo-Apollodorus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Pseudo-Apollodorus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pseudo-Apollodorus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lycophron" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lycophron"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Lycophron</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lycophron-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Virgil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Virgil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Virgil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Virgil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diodorus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diodorus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span>Diodorus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diodorus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Smyrnaeus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Smyrnaeus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.5</span> <span>Smyrnaeus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Smyrnaeus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Temple_of_Apollo_Epicurius_at_Bassae" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Temple_of_Apollo_Epicurius_at_Bassae"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Temple of Apollo Epicurius at Bassae</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Temple_of_Apollo_Epicurius_at_Bassae-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Temple_of_Zeus_at_Olympia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Temple_of_Zeus_at_Olympia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Temple of Zeus at Olympia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Temple_of_Zeus_at_Olympia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vase_figure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vase_figure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Vase figure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vase_figure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_portrayals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_portrayals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Later portrayals</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Later_portrayals-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Later portrayals subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Later_portrayals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_the_Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>In the Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_the_Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boccaccio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boccaccio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Boccaccio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boccaccio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heinrich_von_Kleist" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heinrich_von_Kleist"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Heinrich von Kleist</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heinrich_von_Kleist-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hugo_Wolf" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hugo_Wolf"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Hugo Wolf</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hugo_Wolf-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Edward_Bellamy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Edward_Bellamy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Edward Bellamy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Edward_Bellamy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Robert_Graves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Robert_Graves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Robert Graves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Robert_Graves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Penthesilea</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 44 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentesileia" title="Pentesileia – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pentesileia" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Пентэсілея – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пентэсілея" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penthesilea" title="Penthesilea – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Penthesilea" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Пентезилея – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пентезилея" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentesilea" title="Pentesilea – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pentesilea" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penthesilea" title="Penthesilea – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Penthesilea" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penthesilea" title="Penthesilea – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Penthesilea" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penthesilea" title="Penthesilea – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Penthesilea" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Πενθεσίλεια – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πενθεσίλεια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentesilea" title="Pentesilea – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pentesilea" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentesileo" title="Pentesileo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pentesileo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentesilea" title="Pentesilea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pentesilea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%87" title="پانته‌زیله – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پانته‌زیله" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penth%C3%A9sil%C3%A9e" title="Penthésilée – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Penthésilée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%9C%ED%85%8C%EC%8B%A4%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EC%95%84" title="펜테실레이아 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="펜테실레이아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%A1" title="Պենթիսլեյա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պենթիսլեյա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penthesileia" title="Penthesileia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Penthesileia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentesilea" title="Pentesilea – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pentesilea" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%90%D7%94" title="פנתסיליאה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פנתסיליאה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentes%C3%AEleya" title="Pentesîleya – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pentesîleya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penthesilea" title="Penthesilea – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Penthesilea" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentesil%C4%97ja" title="Pentesilėja – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pentesilėja" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentesilea" title="Pentesilea – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Pentesilea" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentheszileia" title="Pentheszileia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pentheszileia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Пентесилеја – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пентесилеја" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penthesilea" title="Penthesilea – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Penthesilea" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9A%E3%83%B3%E3%83%86%E3%82%B7%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A2" title="ペンテシレイア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ペンテシレイア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penthesilea" title="Penthesilea – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Penthesilea" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentesiliya" title="Pentesiliya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Pentesiliya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentezylea" title="Pentezylea – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pentezylea" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentesileia" title="Pentesileia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pentesileia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penthesilea" title="Penthesilea – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Penthesilea" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Пентесилея – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пентесилея" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penthesilea" title="Penthesilea – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Penthesilea" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penthesilea" title="Penthesilea – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Penthesilea" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penthesileia_(Amazonka)" title="Penthesileia (Amazonka) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Penthesileia (Amazonka)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Пентезилеја – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пентезилеја" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentesileja" title="Pentesileja – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pentesileja" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penthesileia" title="Penthesileia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Penthesileia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penthesileia" title="Penthesileia – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Penthesileia" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penthesilea" title="Penthesilea – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Penthesilea" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penthesilea" title="Penthesilea – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Penthesilea" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Пентесілея – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пентесілея" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%AD%E5%BF%92%E8%A5%BF%E5%8B%92%E4%BA%9A" title="彭忒西勒亚 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="彭忒西勒亚" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q379828#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Penthesilea" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Penthesilea" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Penthesilea"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penthesilea&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penthesilea&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Penthesilea"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penthesilea&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penthesilea&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Penthesilea" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Penthesilea" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penthesilea&oldid=1252779631" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penthesilea&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Penthesilea&id=1252779631&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPenthesilea"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPenthesilea"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Penthesilea&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penthesilea&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Penthesilea" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q379828" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Amazonian queen in Greek mythology</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Penthesilea_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Penthesilea (disambiguation)">Penthesilea (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;background-color: #CEF2E0;">Penthesilea</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Amazons" title="Amazons">Amazons</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Penthesilea_Dubray_cour_Carree_Louvre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Penthesilea_Dubray_cour_Carree_Louvre.jpg/220px-Penthesilea_Dubray_cour_Carree_Louvre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="489" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Penthesilea_Dubray_cour_Carree_Louvre.jpg/330px-Penthesilea_Dubray_cour_Carree_Louvre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Penthesilea_Dubray_cour_Carree_Louvre.jpg/440px-Penthesilea_Dubray_cour_Carree_Louvre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="3555" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Penthesilea (1862), by Gabriel-Vital Dubray (1813–1892). East façade of the <a href="/wiki/Cour_Carr%C3%A9e" title="Cour Carrée">Cour Carrée</a> in the Louvre palace, Paris.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEF2E0;">Genealogy</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ares" title="Ares">Ares</a> and <a href="/wiki/Otrera" title="Otrera">Otrera</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Siblings</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hippolyta" title="Hippolyta">Hippolyta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antiope_(Amazon)" title="Antiope (Amazon)">Antiope</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melanippe" title="Melanippe">Melanippe</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Penthesilea</b> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Πενθεσίλεια</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">Penthesíleia</i></span>) was an <a href="/wiki/Amazons" title="Amazons">Amazonian</a> queen in <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a>, the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Ares" title="Ares">Ares</a> and <a href="/wiki/Otrera" title="Otrera">Otrera</a> and the sister of <a href="/wiki/Hippolyta" title="Hippolyta">Hippolyta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antiope_(Amazon)" title="Antiope (Amazon)">Antiope</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Melanippe" title="Melanippe">Melanippe</a>. She assisted <a href="/wiki/Troy" title="Troy">Troy</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Trojan_War" title="Trojan War">Trojan War</a>, during which she was killed by <a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a> or <a href="/wiki/Neoptolemus" title="Neoptolemus">Neoptolemus</a>. The asteroid <a href="/wiki/271_Penthesilea" title="271 Penthesilea">271 Penthesilea</a>, discovered in 1887, was named in her honor.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_the_Epic_Cycle">In the Epic Cycle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penthesilea&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: In the Epic Cycle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Akhilleus_Penthesileia_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2688.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Akhilleus_Penthesileia_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2688.jpg/220px-Akhilleus_Penthesileia_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2688.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Akhilleus_Penthesileia_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2688.jpg/330px-Akhilleus_Penthesileia_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2688.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Akhilleus_Penthesileia_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2688.jpg/440px-Akhilleus_Penthesileia_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2688.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="1672" /></a><figcaption>Achilles kills Penthesilea; <a href="/wiki/Tondo_(art)" title="Tondo (art)">tondo</a> of an Attic <a href="/wiki/Red-figure_pottery" title="Red-figure pottery">red-figure</a> <a href="/wiki/Kylix_(drinking_cup)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kylix (drinking cup)">kylix</a>, 470–460 BC, found at <a href="/wiki/Vulci" title="Vulci">Vulci</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the five book epic <i><a href="/wiki/Aethiopis" title="Aethiopis">Aethiopis</a></i>, which was part of the <a href="/wiki/Epic_Cycle" title="Epic Cycle">Epic Cycle</a> (or Cycle of Troy) on the <a href="/wiki/Trojan_War" title="Trojan War">Trojan War</a>, the coming to Troy of Penthesilea and <a href="/wiki/Memnon_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Memnon (mythology)">Memnon</a> was described in detail.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Aethiopis</i> was published in the 8th century BC and is attributed to <a href="/wiki/Arctinus_of_Miletus" title="Arctinus of Miletus">Arctinus of Miletus</a>. The main character of the epic is <a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a>, who fights Penthesilea and Memnon before he is himself killed. Although <i>Aethiopis</i> has been lost, the Epic Cycle has been adapted and recycled in different periods of the classical age. The tradition of retelling the epic fall of Troy is indebted to Homer's <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i>, which were grounded in <a href="/wiki/Oral_storytelling" title="Oral storytelling">oral storytelling</a> and were only written down when the <a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek alphabet</a> was adopted in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greece</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <i>Aethiopis</i> Penthesilea is a <a href="/wiki/Thracians" title="Thracians">Thracian</a> <a href="/wiki/Woman_warriors_in_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Woman warriors in mythology">woman warrior</a>. She was an <a href="/wiki/Amazons" title="Amazons">Amazon</a> and daughter of <a href="/wiki/Ares" title="Ares">Ares</a>, who comes to help the Trojans. She arrived with twelve other Amazon warriors. After a day of distinguishing herself on the battlefield, Penthesilea confronts Achilles and a fight ensues. Achilles kills her, and <a href="/wiki/Thersites" title="Thersites">Thersites</a> taunts Achilles by accusing him of having fallen in love with Penthesilea. Thersites is killed by Achilles after he punches Thersites so hard he dies, he then travels to the island of <a href="/wiki/Lesbos" title="Lesbos">Lesbos</a> to be purified before returning to Troy and fighting Memnon.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Homer, the Trojan king <a href="/wiki/Priam" title="Priam">Priam</a> had fought the Amazons in his youth on the <a href="/wiki/Sangarius_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Sangarius River">Sangarius River</a> in <a href="/wiki/Phrygia" title="Phrygia">Phrygia</a>, some 350 miles east of Troy. Later writers of the antiquity located Amazons geographically in <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> and started an epic tradition where Greek heroes, such as <a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Theseus" title="Theseus">Theseus</a>, fought an Amazon warrior of distinction.<sup id="cite_ref-Barry_Strauss_2007_160–161_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barry_Strauss_2007_160–161-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Aethiopis</i> version of the Penthesilea legend has become known as the Homeric tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-Adrienne_Mayor_2014_302_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adrienne_Mayor_2014_302-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_traditions">Other traditions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penthesilea&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Other traditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Urfa_Haleplibah%C3%A7e_Mosaic_Museum_Hunting_Amazons_mosaic_5175.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Urfa_Haleplibah%C3%A7e_Mosaic_Museum_Hunting_Amazons_mosaic_5175.jpg/220px-Urfa_Haleplibah%C3%A7e_Mosaic_Museum_Hunting_Amazons_mosaic_5175.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Urfa_Haleplibah%C3%A7e_Mosaic_Museum_Hunting_Amazons_mosaic_5175.jpg/330px-Urfa_Haleplibah%C3%A7e_Mosaic_Museum_Hunting_Amazons_mosaic_5175.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Urfa_Haleplibah%C3%A7e_Mosaic_Museum_Hunting_Amazons_mosaic_5175.jpg/440px-Urfa_Haleplibah%C3%A7e_Mosaic_Museum_Hunting_Amazons_mosaic_5175.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8256" data-file-height="5504" /></a><figcaption>Penthesilea on a late antique mosaic</figcaption></figure> <p>Different traditions of the Penthesilea legend appear to have existed at the time the <a href="/wiki/Epic_Cycle" title="Epic Cycle">Epic Cycle</a> was published. One myth states that it was Neoptolemus who killed Penthesilea, instead of Achilles. In a lost poem of <a href="/wiki/Stesichorus" title="Stesichorus">Stesichorus</a>, believed to have been published in the 7th or 6th century, Penthesilea rather than Achilles had killed <a href="/wiki/Hector" title="Hector">Hector</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Adrienne_Mayor_2014_302_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adrienne_Mayor_2014_302-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Portrayal_in_antiquity">Portrayal in antiquity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penthesilea&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Portrayal in antiquity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penthesilea&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pseudo-Apollodorus">Pseudo-Apollodorus</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penthesilea&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Pseudo-Apollodorus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Attic_red-figure_volute_krater_attributed_to_the_Painter_of_the_Berlin_Hydria,_dating_c._450_BCE,_depicting_Achilleus_slaying_Penthesileia,_Eskenazi_Museum_of_Art.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Attic_red-figure_volute_krater_attributed_to_the_Painter_of_the_Berlin_Hydria%2C_dating_c._450_BCE%2C_depicting_Achilleus_slaying_Penthesileia%2C_Eskenazi_Museum_of_Art.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Attic_red-figure_volute_krater_attributed_to_the_Painter_of_the_Berlin_Hydria%2C_dating_c._450_BCE%2C_depicting_Achilleus_slaying_Penthesileia%2C_Eskenazi_Museum_of_Art.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Attic_red-figure_volute_krater_attributed_to_the_Painter_of_the_Berlin_Hydria%2C_dating_c._450_BCE%2C_depicting_Achilleus_slaying_Penthesileia%2C_Eskenazi_Museum_of_Art.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="686" data-file-height="914" /></a><figcaption>Attic red-figure <a href="/wiki/Volute_krater" class="mw-redirect" title="Volute krater">volute krater</a> attributed to the Painter of the Berlin Hydria, dating c. 450 BCE, depicting Achilles slaying Penthesilea, <a href="/wiki/Eskenazi_Museum_of_Art" title="Eskenazi Museum of Art">Eskenazi Museum of Art</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the Pseudo-Apollodorus <i><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Epitome of the Bibliotheke</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> she is said to have been killed by Achilles, "who fell in love with the Amazon after her death and slew Thersites for jeering at him". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lycophron">Lycophron</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penthesilea&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Lycophron"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 3rd century BC, <a href="/wiki/Lycophron" title="Lycophron">Lycophron</a> went against the grain of the Homeric tradition. The poet had been born in <a href="/wiki/Euboea" title="Euboea">Euboea</a>, the site of a shrine to wounded Amazons who had fought in a mythic Battle for Athens. Lycophron tells the story of the young Amazon <a href="/wiki/Clete_(Amazon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Clete (Amazon)">Clete</a>, Penthesilea's attendant, who had been left behind in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Pontus" title="Kingdom of Pontus">Pontus</a>. Clete sets out with a company of Amazons to search for Penthesilea when she does not return from the <a href="/wiki/Trojan_War" title="Trojan War">Trojan War</a>. The ship with Amazons is swept off course and after a shipwreck on the toe of <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bruttium" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruttium">Bruttium</a>, Clete becomes the queen of the Amazons that settle there.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Virgil">Virgil</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penthesilea&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Virgil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a></i>, written between 29 and 19 BC,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Trojan army falls back when Achilles advances. Achilles drags the greatest Trojan warrior, <a href="/wiki/Hector" title="Hector">Hector</a>, around the city walls and sells his dead body to king <a href="/wiki/Priam" title="Priam">Priam</a> for gold. Penthesilea is cast as a tragic Amazon queen who came too late in vain to help the beleaguered city. When <a href="/wiki/Aeneas" title="Aeneas">Aeneas</a> sees the panel of Penthesilea in the Juno temple of <a href="/wiki/Carthage" title="Carthage">Carthage</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he knows that the defeat of Penthesilea and <a href="/wiki/Memnon_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Memnon (mythology)">Memnon</a> presage a chain of events that would culminate in the sacking of the city. Penthesilea's fate also foreshadows that of <a href="/wiki/Camilla_(mythology)" title="Camilla (mythology)">Camilla</a>, which is described in detail by Virgil later in the epic.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Virgil, Penthesilea led an army of Amazons and is a <i>bellatrix</i> (Latin for "female warrior") who dared to fight men (<i>audetque viris concurrere virgo</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Virgil based his narrative in <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i>, while relying on the <a href="/wiki/Epic_Cycle" title="Epic Cycle">Epic Cycle</a> for his portrayal of Penthesilea.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Virgil also reworked oral legends into an epic on the foundation of Rome. In <i>Aeneid</i> the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Romans</a> descended from the hero <a href="/wiki/Aeneas" title="Aeneas">Aeneas</a> and Trojan refugees who sailed to <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Trojan_War" title="Trojan War">Trojan War</a>. This interweaving of the Penthesilea legend with the founding legend of Rome can be traced to <a href="/wiki/Lycophron" title="Lycophron">Lycophron</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Diodorus">Diodorus</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penthesilea&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Diodorus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In his universal history <i><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_historica" title="Bibliotheca historica">Bibliotheca historica</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a> in the 1st century BC celebrated Penthesilea as the last Amazon to win renown for valour in war. Diodorus wrote that after the <a href="/wiki/Trojan_War" title="Trojan War">Trojan War</a> the Amazons diminished and tales of their former glory began to be considered mere legends.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Smyrnaeus">Smyrnaeus</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penthesilea&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Smyrnaeus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 4th century AD, the imperial Greek poet <a href="/wiki/Quintus_Smyrnaeus" title="Quintus Smyrnaeus">Quintus Smyrnaeus</a> made Penthesilea the subject of the first book in <i><a href="/wiki/Posthomerica" title="Posthomerica">Posthomerica</a></i>. In this epic, Smyrnaeus tries to finish <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a> by telling the colourful story of how the city of Troy fell.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This work explains how Penthesilea came to be at Troy: Penthesilea had killed Hippolyta with a spear when they were hunting deer; this accident caused Penthesilea so much grief that she wished only to die, but, as a warrior and an Amazon, she had to do so honorably and in battle. She therefore was easily convinced to join in the Trojan War. Smyrnaeus also describes in gory detail how the army of Amazons surprises the Greek army and the slaughter that commenced. The Amazon Klonie, after slaying her first opponent, is in turn killed. Penthesilea mows through the Greek lines, killing eight warriors, and cuts the arm off the Greek warrior who had killed Klonie. Penthesilea's Amazon comrades <a href="/wiki/Bremusa" title="Bremusa">Bremusa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evandre" class="mw-redirect" title="Evandre">Evandre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thermodosa" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermodosa">Thermodosa</a> fight valiantly alongside her but are slain, and so are <a href="/wiki/Derinoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Derinoe">Derinoe</a>, Alkibie and Derimachea. Penthesilea slays more Greeks with <a href="/wiki/Axe" title="Axe">axe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spear" title="Spear">spear</a>. From the towers the Trojan women watch and Penthesilea inspires the young <a href="/wiki/Hippodamia_(mythology)" title="Hippodamia (mythology)">Hippodamia</a>, who urges the Trojan women to join the battle.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Antimachus' daughter Tisiphone gives an inspirational speech: "not in strength are we inferior to men; the same our eyes, our limbs the same; one common light we see, one air we breathe; nor different is the food we eat. What then denied to us hath heaven on man bestowed? O let us hasten to the glorious war!"<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art">Art</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penthesilea&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Temple_of_Apollo_Epicurius_at_Bassae">Temple of Apollo Epicurius at Bassae</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penthesilea&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Temple of Apollo Epicurius at Bassae"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bassar_Frieze_1101.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Bassar_Frieze_1101.jpg/220px-Bassar_Frieze_1101.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Bassar_Frieze_1101.jpg/330px-Bassar_Frieze_1101.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Bassar_Frieze_1101.jpg/440px-Bassar_Frieze_1101.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3807" data-file-height="2548" /></a><figcaption>BM 537 Achilles (left) and Penthesilea (on the ground).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bell-krater_Akhilleus_Penthesileia_MAN.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Bell-krater_Akhilleus_Penthesileia_MAN.jpg/220px-Bell-krater_Akhilleus_Penthesileia_MAN.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Bell-krater_Akhilleus_Penthesileia_MAN.jpg/330px-Bell-krater_Akhilleus_Penthesileia_MAN.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Bell-krater_Akhilleus_Penthesileia_MAN.jpg/440px-Bell-krater_Akhilleus_Penthesileia_MAN.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="2160" /></a><figcaption>The battle of Achilles and Penthesilea. <a href="/wiki/Lucania" title="Lucania">Lucanian</a> red-figure bell-<a href="/wiki/Krater" title="Krater">krater</a>, late 5th century BC</figcaption></figure> <p>At the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Apollo_Epicurius" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple of Apollo Epicurius">Temple of Apollo Epicurius</a>, built in the mid- to late-5th century BC, scenes from the <a href="/wiki/Trojan_War" title="Trojan War">Trojan War</a> are preserved in the <a href="/wiki/Bassae_Frieze" title="Bassae Frieze">Bassae Frieze</a>, a high relief marble sculpture in 23 panels. Here the Greek army is charged by the Amazons, who gain the upper hand, and at the height of the battle Achilles slays Penthesilea on a slab known as BM 537. Achilles and Penthesilea are flanked by a Greek soldier and an Amazon. Penthesilea is identified as a queen by a crown. Penthesilea, shown on the ground just before being struck, and Achilles are exchanging a gaze.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The final slab of the series on the Amazons depicts a truce between the Greek army and the Amazons at the end of the battle.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Temple_of_Zeus_at_Olympia">Temple of Zeus at Olympia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penthesilea&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Temple of Zeus at Olympia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, the throne of Zeus at Olympia bore a painting by <a href="/wiki/Panaenus" title="Panaenus">Panaenus</a> of the dying Penthesilea being supported by Achilles. Pausanias wrote "And, at the extremity of the painting, is Penthesilea breathing her last, and Achilles supporting her".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The motif of Achilles supporting a dying or dead Penthesilea has been preserved at the <a href="/wiki/Aphrodisias" title="Aphrodisias">Temple of Aphrodisias</a> and was reinterpreted in sculptures and mosaics in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">ancient Rome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Adrienne_Mayor_2014_300_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adrienne_Mayor_2014_300-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vase_figure">Vase figure</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penthesilea&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Vase figure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Black-figure_pottery" title="Black-figure pottery">black-figure</a> vase from about 510–500 BC shows Achilles carrying Penthesilea from the battlefield.<sup id="cite_ref-Adrienne_Mayor_2014_300_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adrienne_Mayor_2014_300-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The subject of Penthesilea was treated so regularly by the so-called <a href="/wiki/Penthesilea_Painter" title="Penthesilea Painter">Penthesilea Painter</a>, who was active between 470 and 450 BC, that <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Furtw%C3%A4ngler" title="Adolf Furtwängler">Adolf Furtwängler</a> dubbed him "The Penthesilea Painter". A considerable corpus for this innovative and prolific painter, whose work bridged the <a href="/wiki/Severe_style" title="Severe style">Severe style</a> and Classicism and must have had a workshop of his own, was rapidly assembled<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in part by <a href="/wiki/John_Beazley" title="John Beazley">J.D. Beazley</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_portrayals">Later portrayals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penthesilea&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Later portrayals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_the_Middle_Ages">In the Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penthesilea&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: In the Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Penthesilea_as_one_of_the_Nine_Female_Worthie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Penthesilea_as_one_of_the_Nine_Female_Worthie.jpg/170px-Penthesilea_as_one_of_the_Nine_Female_Worthie.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Penthesilea_as_one_of_the_Nine_Female_Worthie.jpg/255px-Penthesilea_as_one_of_the_Nine_Female_Worthie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Penthesilea_as_one_of_the_Nine_Female_Worthie.jpg/340px-Penthesilea_as_one_of_the_Nine_Female_Worthie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="417" data-file-height="579" /></a><figcaption>Miniature of Penthesilea as one of the <a href="/wiki/Nine_Worthies#Nine_Worthy_Women" title="Nine Worthies">Lady Worthies</a>, published in late <a href="/wiki/Medieval_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval France">medieval France</a> between circa 1460 and 1470.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Europe">Medieval Europe</a>, the Penthesilea legend was developed and recycled, with Achilles fading into the background. In illuminations that illustrated manuscripts, Penthesilea was cast as medieval warrior queen. A tradition developed where Penthesilea entered the Trojan War because of her reverence for the Trojan hero Hector. Penthesilea appears in the <i><a href="/wiki/Roman_de_Troie" title="Roman de Troie">Roman de Troie</a></i> (1160) by <a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_de_Sainte-Maure" title="Benoît de Sainte-Maure">Benoît de Sainte-Maure</a> as a chivalric heroine, and through this became part of the medieval genre <i>roman antique,</i> which recycled Greek and Roman myths in a <a href="/wiki/Chivalric_romance" title="Chivalric romance">chivalric romance</a> context. </p><p>In late medieval Europe the legend was further popularised in <a href="/wiki/Christine_de_Pizan" title="Christine de Pizan">Christine de Pizan</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_the_City_of_Ladies" title="The Book of the City of Ladies">The Book of the City of Ladies</a></i> (1405) and <a href="/wiki/John_Lydgate" title="John Lydgate">John Lydgate</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Troy_Book" title="Troy Book">Troy Book</a></i> (1420). Penthesilea and Hector became romantic heroes. Penthesilea came to Troy because she had fallen in love with the virtuous <a href="/wiki/Knight" title="Knight">knight</a> Hector from afar.<sup id="cite_ref-confessio_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-confessio-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hector and Penthesilea were portrayed as personifications of the ideals of <a href="/wiki/Chivalry" title="Chivalry">chivalry</a>. When kneeling before Hector's corpse, Penthesilea promises to avenge his death. Penthesilea fights at the side of the Trojan army, killing many Greek soldiers, but is slain by Achilles' son. In this tradition of the legend, her body is taken to the Thermodon for burial. Along the <a href="/wiki/Terme_River" title="Terme River">Terme River</a>, various temple burial sites attest to the heroic status Penthesilea had as Amazon queen in the Middle Ages.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/John_Gower" title="John Gower">John Gower</a>'s <a href="/w/index.php?title=Confessio_Amanatis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Confessio Amanatis (page does not exist)">Confessio Amanatis</a> she travels to Troy from Pafagoine. She is slain by <a href="/wiki/Neoptolemus" title="Neoptolemus">Pirrus</a> the son of Achilles. Philemenis returned her body for burial. He was rewarded with three fair maidens per year.<sup id="cite_ref-confessio_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-confessio-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: iv:2177">: iv:2177 </span></sup> </p><p>Biographical lists of strong women were published, some included Penthesilea. The 1405 <i>Chronicle</i> (known as <i>Haagse handschrift</i>) by the herald Baviere included Penthesilea and the two Amazons <a href="/wiki/Semiramis" title="Semiramis">Semiramis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tomyris" title="Tomyris">Tomyris</a> among the strong women. A Netherlandish list of 101 strong women published between 1465 and 1480 included Penthesilea. This list of 101 women circulated at the court of <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Burgundy" title="Mary of Burgundy">Mary of Burgundy</a> and was read by members of the Brussels administration. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Bouton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippe Bouton (page does not exist)">Philippe Bouton</a> in 1480 published a <i>Miroir des dames</i>, which included Penthesilea.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boccaccio">Boccaccio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penthesilea&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Boccaccio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Between 1361 and 1362 the Italian <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Boccaccio" title="Giovanni Boccaccio">Giovanni Boccaccio</a> wrote the first collection of biographies in Western literature that was devoted to famous women. The <i><a href="/wiki/De_Mulieribus_Claris" title="De Mulieribus Claris">De Mulieribus Claris</a></i> was published in Latin and dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Acciaioli" title="Andrea Acciaioli">Andrea Acciaioli</a>, the Countess of <a href="/wiki/Altavilla" title="Altavilla">Altavilla</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Boccaccio, Penthesilea succeeded the Amazon queens <a href="/wiki/Antiope_(Amazon)" title="Antiope (Amazon)">Antiope</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orithyia_(Amazon)" title="Orithyia (Amazon)">Orithyia</a>. She was in strength and skill superior to previous queens. According to Boccaccio, Penthesilea entered the Trojan War against the Greeks to impress Hector. But Penthesilea and her Amazon troops were slain at the end of a hard-fought battle with the Greeks.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After recounting Penthesilea's accomplishments in <i>De Mulieribus Claris</i> Boccaccio wrote that "if we remember that practical experience can change natural dispositions" the legends of the Amazons become plausible. He wrote that "through practice, Penthesilea and women like her became much more manly in arms than those born male" who had been weakened through idleness and love of pleasure. The notion that upbringing and training were central to gender differences was discussed by <a href="/wiki/Agostino_Strozzi" title="Agostino Strozzi">Agostino Strozzi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mario_Equicola" title="Mario Equicola">Mario Equicola</a> in 16th century Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heinrich_von_Kleist">Heinrich von Kleist</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penthesilea&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Heinrich von Kleist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Penthesilea_(Kleist)" title="Penthesilea (Kleist)">Penthesilea (Kleist)</a></div> <p>The treatment of Penthesilea that has received most critical attention since the early twentieth century is the drama <i><a href="/wiki/Penthesilea_(Kleist)" title="Penthesilea (Kleist)">Penthesilea</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_von_Kleist" title="Heinrich von Kleist">Heinrich von Kleist</a>, who cast its "precipitously violent tempo"<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the form of twenty-four consecutive scenes without formal breaks into <a href="/wiki/Act_(theater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Act (theater)">acts</a>. In Kleist's <i>Penthesilea,</i> however, Achilles is slain by Penthesilea. When she realizes that she and her pack of dogs have mangled the object of their desire, she dies herself through "a crushing feeling". </p><p>The Swiss composer <a href="/wiki/Othmar_Schoeck" title="Othmar Schoeck">Othmar Schoeck</a> wrote a 90' one-act opera, <i><a href="/wiki/Penthesilea_(opera)" title="Penthesilea (opera)">Penthesilea</a></i> (Dresden, 1927) based on Kleist's drama. The French composer <a href="/wiki/Pascal_Dusapin" title="Pascal Dusapin">Pascal Dusapin</a>'s opera based on Kleist's work premiered in 2015 at La Monnaie in Brussels under the baton of <a href="/wiki/Ludovic_Morlot" title="Ludovic Morlot">Ludovic Morlot</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pentesilea_by_Arturo_Michelena.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Pentesilea_by_Arturo_Michelena.jpg/220px-Pentesilea_by_Arturo_Michelena.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Pentesilea_by_Arturo_Michelena.jpg/330px-Pentesilea_by_Arturo_Michelena.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Pentesilea_by_Arturo_Michelena.jpg/440px-Pentesilea_by_Arturo_Michelena.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="433" /></a><figcaption>A 19th century interpretation of Penthesilea fighting, by <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Michelena" title="Arturo Michelena">Arturo Michelena</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hugo_Wolf">Hugo Wolf</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penthesilea&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Hugo Wolf"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Austrian composer <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Wolf" title="Hugo Wolf">Hugo Wolf</a> (1860-1903) wrote a <a href="/wiki/Symphonic_poem" title="Symphonic poem">symphonic poem</a> on the legend entitled <i>Penthesilea</i> (1883–85).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Edward_Bellamy">Edward Bellamy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penthesilea&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Edward Bellamy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Edward Bellamy's 1888 book <i><a href="/wiki/Looking_Backward" title="Looking Backward">Looking Backward</a></i>, the main character (Julian West) is transported in time from 1887 (discovery date of the <a href="/wiki/271_Penthesilea" title="271 Penthesilea">asteroid Penthesilea</a>) to 2000. There, in the year 2000, the main character reads a book by one of the 20th century's most famous writers by the fictional name of Berrian. The title of this book is "Penthesilia" [sic] and it is a romance that supposedly exposes the true power and fullest extent of love. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Robert_Graves">Robert Graves</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penthesilea&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Robert Graves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves">Robert Graves</a>' short poem "Penthesileia", Achilles becomes infatuated with Penthesilia immediately after killing her, and then slays <a href="/wiki/Thersites" title="Thersites">Thersites</a> for his mockery of Achilles' behavior.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last verse is open to interpretation, some have interpreted it that Penthelisea's ghost thanks Thersites for standing up for her honour, but it has been suggested that she thanks Achilles for killing Thersites.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penthesilea&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSchmadelInternational_Astronomical_Union2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lutz_D._Schmadel" title="Lutz D. Schmadel">Schmadel, Lutz D.</a>; International Astronomical Union (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KWrB1jPCa8AC&pg=PA39"><i>Dictionary of minor planet names</i></a>. Berlin; New York: Springer-Verlag. p. 39. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-540-00238-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-540-00238-3"><bdi>978-3-540-00238-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+minor+planet+names&rft.place=Berlin%3B+New+York&rft.pages=39&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-3-540-00238-3&rft.aulast=Schmadel&rft.aufirst=Lutz+D.&rft.au=International+Astronomical+Union&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKWrB1jPCa8AC%26pg%3DPA39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenthesilea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee_Fratantuono2007" class="citation book cs1">Lee Fratantuono (2007). <i>Madness Unchained: A Reading of Virgil's Aeneid</i>. Lexington Books. pp. <span class="nowrap">336–</span>337. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780739122426" title="Special:BookSources/9780739122426"><bdi>9780739122426</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Madness+Unchained%3A+A+Reading+of+Virgil%27s+Aeneid&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E336-%3C%2Fspan%3E337&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780739122426&rft.au=Lee+Fratantuono&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenthesilea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJosé_Maria_Gutiérrez_Arranz2009" class="citation book cs1">José Maria Gutiérrez Arranz (2009). <i>The Cycle of Troy in Geoffrey Chaucer: Tradition and "Moralitee"</i>. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781443815215" title="Special:BookSources/9781443815215"><bdi>9781443815215</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cycle+of+Troy+in+Geoffrey+Chaucer%3A+Tradition+and+%22Moralitee%22&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Cambridge+Scholars+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781443815215&rft.au=Jos%C3%A9+Maria+Guti%C3%A9rrez+Arranz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenthesilea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarry_Strauss2007" class="citation book cs1">Barry Strauss (2007). <i>The Trojan War: A New History</i>. Simon and Schuster. p. 162. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780743264426" title="Special:BookSources/9780743264426"><bdi>9780743264426</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Trojan+War%3A+A+New+History&rft.pages=162&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780743264426&rft.au=Barry+Strauss&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenthesilea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barry_Strauss_2007_160–161-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barry_Strauss_2007_160–161_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarry_Strauss2007" class="citation book cs1">Barry Strauss (2007). <i>The Trojan War: A New History</i>. Simon and Schuster. pp. <span class="nowrap">160–</span>161. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780743264426" title="Special:BookSources/9780743264426"><bdi>9780743264426</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Trojan+War%3A+A+New+History&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E160-%3C%2Fspan%3E161&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780743264426&rft.au=Barry+Strauss&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenthesilea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Adrienne_Mayor_2014_302-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Adrienne_Mayor_2014_302_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adrienne_Mayor_2014_302_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdrienne_Mayor2014" class="citation book cs1">Adrienne Mayor (2014). <i>The Amazons: Lives and Legends of Warrior Women across the Ancient World</i>. Princeton University Press. p. 302. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781400865130" title="Special:BookSources/9781400865130"><bdi>9781400865130</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Amazons%3A+Lives+and+Legends+of+Warrior+Women+across+the+Ancient+World&rft.pages=302&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781400865130&rft.au=Adrienne+Mayor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenthesilea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pseudo-Apollodorus <i><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Epitome of the Bibliotheke</a></i> 5.1 (Sir <a href="/wiki/James_George_Frazer" title="James George Frazer">James George Frazer</a>'s translation).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdrienne_Mayor2014" class="citation book cs1">Adrienne Mayor (2014). <i>The Amazons: Lives and Legends of Warrior Women across the Ancient World</i>. Princeton University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">303–</span>304. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781400865130" title="Special:BookSources/9781400865130"><bdi>9781400865130</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Amazons%3A+Lives+and+Legends+of+Warrior+Women+across+the+Ancient+World&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E303-%3C%2Fspan%3E304&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781400865130&rft.au=Adrienne+Mayor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenthesilea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagill2003" class="citation book cs1">Magill, Frank N. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7NVFUi7G6TEC&q=29-19+BC"><i>The Ancient World: Dictionary of World Biography, Volume 1</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 226. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1135457409" title="Special:BookSources/1135457409"><bdi>1135457409</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ancient+World%3A+Dictionary+of+World+Biography%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=226&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1135457409&rft.aulast=Magill&rft.aufirst=Frank+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7NVFUi7G6TEC%26q%3D29-19%2BBC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenthesilea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA._M._Keith2000" class="citation book cs1">A. M. Keith (2000). <i>Engendering Rome: Women in Latin Epic</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521556217" title="Special:BookSources/9780521556217"><bdi>9780521556217</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Engendering+Rome%3A+Women+in+Latin+Epic&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780521556217&rft.au=A.+M.+Keith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenthesilea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee_Fratantuono2007" class="citation book cs1">Lee Fratantuono (2007). <i>Madness Unchained: A Reading of Virgil's Aeneid</i>. Lexington Books. pp. <span class="nowrap">18–</span>19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780739122426" title="Special:BookSources/9780739122426"><bdi>9780739122426</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Madness+Unchained%3A+A+Reading+of+Virgil%27s+Aeneid&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E18-%3C%2Fspan%3E19&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780739122426&rft.au=Lee+Fratantuono&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenthesilea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA._M._Keith2000" class="citation book cs1">A. M. Keith (2000). <i>Engendering Rome: Women in Latin Epic</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521556217" title="Special:BookSources/9780521556217"><bdi>9780521556217</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Engendering+Rome%3A+Women+in+Latin+Epic&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780521556217&rft.au=A.+M.+Keith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenthesilea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee_Fratantuono2007" class="citation book cs1">Lee Fratantuono (2007). <i>Madness Unchained: A Reading of Virgil's Aeneid</i>. Lexington Books. p. 270. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780739122426" title="Special:BookSources/9780739122426"><bdi>9780739122426</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Madness+Unchained%3A+A+Reading+of+Virgil%27s+Aeneid&rft.pages=270&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780739122426&rft.au=Lee+Fratantuono&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenthesilea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdrienne_Mayor2014" class="citation book cs1">Adrienne Mayor (2014). <i>The Amazons: Lives and Legends of Warrior Women across the Ancient World</i>. Princeton University Press. p. 303. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781400865130" title="Special:BookSources/9781400865130"><bdi>9781400865130</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Amazons%3A+Lives+and+Legends+of+Warrior+Women+across+the+Ancient+World&rft.pages=303&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781400865130&rft.au=Adrienne+Mayor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenthesilea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdrienne_Mayor2014" class="citation book cs1">Adrienne Mayor (2014). <i>The Amazons: Lives and Legends of Warrior Women across the Ancient World</i>. Princeton University Press. p. 304. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781400865130" title="Special:BookSources/9781400865130"><bdi>9781400865130</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Amazons%3A+Lives+and+Legends+of+Warrior+Women+across+the+Ancient+World&rft.pages=304&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781400865130&rft.au=Adrienne+Mayor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenthesilea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee_Fratantuono2007" class="citation book cs1">Lee Fratantuono (2007). <i>Madness Unchained: A Reading of Virgil's Aeneid</i>. Lexington Books. p. 336. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780739122426" title="Special:BookSources/9780739122426"><bdi>9780739122426</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Madness+Unchained%3A+A+Reading+of+Virgil%27s+Aeneid&rft.pages=336&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780739122426&rft.au=Lee+Fratantuono&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenthesilea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdrienne_Mayor2014" class="citation book cs1">Adrienne Mayor (2014). <i>The Amazons: Lives and Legends of Warrior Women across the Ancient World</i>. Princeton University Press. p. 393. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781400865130" title="Special:BookSources/9781400865130"><bdi>9781400865130</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Amazons%3A+Lives+and+Legends+of+Warrior+Women+across+the+Ancient+World&rft.pages=393&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781400865130&rft.au=Adrienne+Mayor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenthesilea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quintus Smyrnaeus, The Fall of Troy, Book 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJessica_Amanda_Salmonson1991" class="citation book cs1">Jessica Amanda Salmonson (1991). <i>The Encyclopedia of Amazons: Women Warriors from Antiquity to the Modern Era</i>. Paragon House. p. 211. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781557784209" title="Special:BookSources/9781557784209"><bdi>9781557784209</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Amazons%3A+Women+Warriors+from+Antiquity+to+the+Modern+Era&rft.pages=211&rft.pub=Paragon+House&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9781557784209&rft.au=Jessica+Amanda+Salmonson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenthesilea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrederick_A._CooperBrian_C._Madigan1992" class="citation book cs1">Frederick A. Cooper; Brian C. Madigan (1992). <i>The Temple of Apollo Bassitas: The sculpture</i>. ASCSA. p. 71. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780876619476" title="Special:BookSources/9780876619476"><bdi>9780876619476</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Temple+of+Apollo+Bassitas%3A+The+sculpture&rft.pages=71&rft.pub=ASCSA&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780876619476&rft.au=Frederick+A.+Cooper&rft.au=Brian+C.+Madigan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenthesilea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrederick_A._CooperBrian_C._Madigan1992" class="citation book cs1">Frederick A. Cooper; Brian C. Madigan (1992). <i>The Temple of Apollo Bassitas: The sculpture</i>. ASCSA. p. 70. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780876619476" title="Special:BookSources/9780876619476"><bdi>9780876619476</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Temple+of+Apollo+Bassitas%3A+The+sculpture&rft.pages=70&rft.pub=ASCSA&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780876619476&rft.au=Frederick+A.+Cooper&rft.au=Brian+C.+Madigan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenthesilea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrederick_A._CooperBrian_C._Madigan1992" class="citation book cs1">Frederick A. Cooper; Brian C. Madigan (1992). <i>The Temple of Apollo Bassitas: The sculpture</i>. ASCSA. p. 72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780876619476" title="Special:BookSources/9780876619476"><bdi>9780876619476</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Temple+of+Apollo+Bassitas%3A+The+sculpture&rft.pages=72&rft.pub=ASCSA&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780876619476&rft.au=Frederick+A.+Cooper&rft.au=Brian+C.+Madigan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenthesilea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Adrienne_Mayor_2014_300-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Adrienne_Mayor_2014_300_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adrienne_Mayor_2014_300_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdrienne_Mayor2014" class="citation book cs1">Adrienne Mayor (2014). <i>The Amazons: Lives and Legends of Warrior Women across the Ancient World</i>. Princeton University Press. p. 300. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781400865130" title="Special:BookSources/9781400865130"><bdi>9781400865130</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Amazons%3A+Lives+and+Legends+of+Warrior+Women+across+the+Ancient+World&rft.pages=300&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781400865130&rft.au=Adrienne+Mayor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenthesilea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mary Hamilton Swindler, "The Penthesilea Master" <i>American Journal of Archaeology</i> <b>19</b>.4 (October 1915), pp. 398–417. In the series <i>Bilder Griechischen Vasen</i> volume 10, edited by Hans Diepolder (1936) is devoted to the Penthesilea-Maler.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-confessio-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-confessio_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-confessio_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Gower1390" class="citation book cs1">John Gower (1390). <i>Confession Amantis</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Confession+Amantis&rft.date=1390&rft.au=John+Gower&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenthesilea" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: iv:2141">: iv:2141 </span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdrienne_Mayor2014" class="citation book cs1">Adrienne Mayor (2014). <i>The Amazons: Lives and Legends of Warrior Women across the Ancient World</i>. Princeton University Press. p. 302-302. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781400865130" title="Special:BookSources/9781400865130"><bdi>9781400865130</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Amazons%3A+Lives+and+Legends+of+Warrior+Women+across+the+Ancient+World&rft.pages=302-302&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781400865130&rft.au=Adrienne+Mayor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenthesilea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaren_GreenConstant_Mews2011" class="citation book cs1">Karen Green; Constant Mews (2011). <i>Virtue Ethics for Women 1250–1500</i>. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. <span class="nowrap">180–</span>181. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789400705296" title="Special:BookSources/9789400705296"><bdi>9789400705296</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Virtue+Ethics+for+Women+1250%E2%80%931500&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E180-%3C%2Fspan%3E181&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9789400705296&rft.au=Karen+Green&rft.au=Constant+Mews&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenthesilea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVirginia_Brown2003" class="citation book cs1">Virginia Brown (2003). <i>Introduction – Famous Women</i>. Harvard University Press. p. xi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674011304" title="Special:BookSources/9780674011304"><bdi>9780674011304</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+%E2%80%93+Famous+Women&rft.pages=xi&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780674011304&rft.au=Virginia+Brown&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenthesilea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiovanni_Boccaccio2003" class="citation book cs1">Giovanni Boccaccio (2003). <i>Famous Women</i>. Harvard University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">64–</span>65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674011304" title="Special:BookSources/9780674011304"><bdi>9780674011304</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Famous+Women&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E64-%3C%2Fspan%3E65&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780674011304&rft.au=Giovanni+Boccaccio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenthesilea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaren_GreenConstant_Mews2011" class="citation book cs1">Karen Green; Constant Mews (2011). <i>Virtue Ethics for Women 1250–1500</i>. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 149. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789400705296" title="Special:BookSources/9789400705296"><bdi>9789400705296</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Virtue+Ethics+for+Women+1250%E2%80%931500&rft.pages=149&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9789400705296&rft.au=Karen+Green&rft.au=Constant+Mews&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenthesilea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John C. Blankenagel, <i>The Dramas of Heinrich von Kleist: A Biographical and Critical Study</i> (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press) 1931, p 145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://memeteria.com/2013/11/15/stairway-to-heaven-a-major-seattle-symphony-premiere/">Thomas May, "Stairway to Heaven: A Major Seattle Symphony Premiere," November 15, 2013</a>, accessed November 15, 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://imslp.org/wiki/Penthesilea_(Wolf,_Hugo)" class="extiw" title="scores:Penthesilea (Wolf, Hugo)">Penthesilea (Wolf, Hugo)</a>: Scores at the <a href="/wiki/International_Music_Score_Library_Project" title="International Music Score Library Project">International Music Score Library Project</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Graves. "Penthesileia". Collected in <i>Selected Poems</i>. Faber & Faber, 2013. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0571283845" title="Special:BookSources/0571283845">0571283845</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HJuKys2EgLkC&pg=PT148">(Google Books)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraves" class="citation web cs1">Graves, Robert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webopera.nl/v2_05_00_submenu_analecta/0203_carnets/0203_crnts_03_analecta/0203_crnts_03_anlct_03_overige/0203_crnts_03_anlct_03_0003-graves.html">"Penthesilea"</a>. <i>Webopera</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Webopera&rft.atitle=Penthesilea&rft.aulast=Graves&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webopera.nl%2Fv2_05_00_submenu_analecta%2F0203_carnets%2F0203_crnts_03_analecta%2F0203_crnts_03_anlct_03_overige%2F0203_crnts_03_anlct_03_0003-graves.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenthesilea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiggins2020" class="citation web cs1">Higgins, Charlotte (8 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/oct/08/pandoras-jar-by-natalie-haynes-review-rescuing-women-in-greek-myths">"Pandora's Jar by Natalie Haynes review – rescuing women in Greek myths"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Pandora%27s+Jar+by+Natalie+Haynes+review+%E2%80%93+rescuing+women+in+Greek+myths&rft.date=2020-10-08&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=Charlotte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2020%2Foct%2F08%2Fpandoras-jar-by-natalie-haynes-review-rescuing-women-in-greek-myths&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenthesilea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penthesilea&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Penthesilea" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Penthesilea">Penthesilea</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>Justinus, <i>Epitome Historiarum philippicarum Pompei Trogi ii.4.31–32</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130415032155/http://www.forumromanum.org/literature/justin/english/trans2.html">Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus Book 2</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup></li> <li>The audio recording of ElvenQuest, published by BBC Audio in August 2009, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781408439241" title="Special:BookSources/9781408439241">9781408439241</a></li> <li>Diana Hyppolite, <i>The Exposed Body in Antiquity</i>. Yonkers: Sarah Lawrence College Press, 1984.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Hippolyta" title="Hippolyta">Hippolyta</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Queen_regnant" title="Queen regnant">Queen</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Amazons" title="Amazons">Amazons</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Antianara" class="mw-redirect" title="Antianara">Antianara</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Characters_in_the_Iliad77" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Characters_in_the_Iliad" title="Template:Characters in the Iliad"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Characters_in_the_Iliad" title="Template talk:Characters in the Iliad"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Characters_in_the_Iliad" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Characters in the Iliad"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Characters_in_the_Iliad77" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Homeric_characters" title="List of Homeric characters">Characters in the <i>Iliad</i></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Achaeans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acamas" title="Acamas">Acamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agamemnon" title="Agamemnon">Agamemnon</a> (king of Mycenae)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agapenor" title="Agapenor">Agapenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajax_the_Great" title="Ajax the Great">Ajax the Greater</a> (king of Salamis)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajax_the_Lesser" title="Ajax the Lesser">Ajax the Lesser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcimus_(mythology)" title="Alcimus (mythology)">Alcimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anticlus" title="Anticlus">Anticlus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antilochus" class="mw-redirect" title="Antilochus">Antilochus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcesilaus_(mythology)" title="Arcesilaus (mythology)">Arcesilaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascalaphus_(son_of_Ares)" title="Ascalaphus (son of Ares)">Ascalaphus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automedon" title="Automedon">Automedon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balius_and_Xanthus" title="Balius and Xanthus">Balius and Xanthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias_(mythology)" title="Bias (mythology)">Bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calchas" title="Calchas">Calchas</a> (prophet)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diomedes" title="Diomedes">Diomedes</a> (king of Argos)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephenor" title="Elephenor">Elephenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epeius" title="Epeius">Epeius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudoros" title="Eudoros">Eudoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euryalus" title="Euryalus">Euryalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurybates" title="Eurybates">Eurybates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurydamas" title="Eurydamas">Eurydamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurypylus_(king_of_Thessaly)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurypylus (king of Thessaly)">Eurypylus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guneus" title="Guneus">Guneus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_of_Troy" title="Helen of Troy">Helen</a> (queen of Sparta)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ialmenus" title="Ialmenus">Ialmenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idomeneus" class="mw-redirect" title="Idomeneus">Idomeneus</a> (king of Crete)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iphigenia" title="Iphigenia">Iphigenia</a> (princess of Mycenae)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leitus" title="Leitus">Leitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonteus_(mythology)" title="Leonteus (mythology)">Leonteus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycomedes" class="mw-redirect" title="Lycomedes">Lycomedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machaon_(mythology)" title="Machaon (mythology)">Machaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medon_(mythology)" title="Medon (mythology)">Medon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meges" title="Meges">Meges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menelaus" title="Menelaus">Menelaus</a> (king of Sparta)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menestheus" title="Menestheus">Menestheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meriones_(mythology)" title="Meriones (mythology)">Meriones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoptolemus" title="Neoptolemus">Neoptolemus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_(mythology)" title="Nestor (mythology)">Nestor</a> (king of Pylos)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nireus" title="Nireus">Nireus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Odysseus</a> (king of Ithaca)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palamedes_(mythology)" title="Palamedes (mythology)">Palamedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patroclus" title="Patroclus">Patroclus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peneleos" title="Peneleos">Peneleos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philoctetes" title="Philoctetes">Philoctetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(son_of_Amyntor)" title="Phoenix (son of Amyntor)">Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podalirius" title="Podalirius">Podalirius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podarces" title="Podarces">Podarces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polites_(friend_of_Odysseus)" title="Polites (friend of Odysseus)">Polites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polypoetes" title="Polypoetes">Polypoetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promachus" title="Promachus">Promachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protesilaus" title="Protesilaus">Protesilaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prothoenor" title="Prothoenor">Prothoenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schedius" title="Schedius">Schedius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinon" title="Sinon">Sinon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stentor" title="Stentor">Stentor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sthenelus" title="Sthenelus">Sthenelus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talthybius" title="Talthybius">Talthybius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teucer" title="Teucer">Teucer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thersites" title="Thersites">Thersites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoas_(king_of_Aetolia)" title="Thoas (king of Aetolia)">Thoas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrasymedes_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thrasymedes (mythology)">Thrasymedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tlepolemus" title="Tlepolemus">Tlepolemus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trojans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeneas" title="Aeneas">Aeneas</a> (royal demigod)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aesepus" title="Aesepus">Aesepus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agenor,_son_of_Antenor" class="mw-redirect" title="Agenor, son of Antenor">Agenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcathous" title="Alcathous">Alcathous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphimachus" title="Amphimachus">Amphimachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchises" title="Anchises">Anchises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andromache" title="Andromache">Andromache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antenor_(Trojan)" title="Antenor (Trojan)">Antenor</a> (king's brother-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiphates" title="Antiphates">Antiphates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiphus" title="Antiphus">Antiphus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archelochus" title="Archelochus">Archelochus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asius_(mythology)" title="Asius (mythology)">Asius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteropaios" title="Asteropaios">Asteropaios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astyanax" title="Astyanax">Astyanax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atymnius" title="Atymnius">Atymnius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axylus" title="Axylus">Axylus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briseis" title="Briseis">Briseis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calesius" title="Calesius">Calesius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caletor" title="Caletor">Caletor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassandra" title="Cassandra">Cassandra</a> (princess of Troy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chryseis" title="Chryseis">Chryseis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chryses" class="mw-redirect" title="Chryses">Chryses</a> (priest of Apollo)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clytius" title="Clytius">Clytius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co%C3%B6n" title="Coön">Coön</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dares_Phrygius" title="Dares Phrygius">Dares Phrygius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deiphobus" title="Deiphobus">Deiphobus</a> (prince of Troy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolon_(mythology)" title="Dolon (mythology)">Dolon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistrophus_(mythology)" title="Epistrophus (mythology)">Epistrophus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphemus" title="Euphemus">Euphemus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphorbus" title="Euphorbus">Euphorbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glaucus_(soldier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Glaucus (soldier)">Glaucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorgythion" title="Gorgythion">Gorgythion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector" title="Hector">Hector</a> (prince of Troy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecuba" title="Hecuba">Hecuba</a> (queen of Troy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helenus" class="mw-redirect" title="Helenus">Helenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperenor" title="Hyperenor">Hyperenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypsenor" title="Hypsenor">Hypsenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iamenus" title="Iamenus">Iamenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilioneus" title="Ilioneus">Ilioneus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imbrius" title="Imbrius">Imbrius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iphidamas" title="Iphidamas">Iphidamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebriones" class="mw-redirect" title="Kebriones">Kebriones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laoco%C3%B6n" title="Laocoön">Laocoön</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycaon_of_Troy" class="mw-redirect" title="Lycaon of Troy">Lycaon</a> (prince of Troy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanippus" title="Melanippus">Melanippus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memnon" title="Memnon">Memnon</a> (King of Ethiopia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentes_(King_of_the_Cicones)" title="Mentes (King of the Cicones)">Mentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mydon" title="Mydon">Mydon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mygdon_of_Phrygia" title="Mygdon of Phrygia">Mygdon of Phrygia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Othryoneus" title="Othryoneus">Othryoneus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandarus" title="Pandarus">Pandarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panthous" title="Panthous">Panthous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_(mythology)" title="Paris (mythology)">Paris</a> (prince of Troy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedasus" title="Pedasus">Pedasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peirous" title="Peirous">Peirous</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Penthesilea</a> (Queen of the Amazons)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phorcys_(Trojan_War)" class="mw-redirect" title="Phorcys (Trojan War)">Phorcys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podes" title="Podes">Podes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polites_(prince_of_Troy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Polites (prince of Troy)">Polites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polydamas_(mythology)" title="Polydamas (mythology)">Polydamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polybus_(Trojan_War)" class="mw-redirect" title="Polybus (Trojan War)">Polybus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polydorus_of_Troy" title="Polydorus of Troy">Polydorus</a> (prince of Troy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyxena" title="Polyxena">Polyxena</a> (princess of Troy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priam" title="Priam">Priam</a> (king of Troy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pylaemenes" title="Pylaemenes">Pylaemenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pylaeus" title="Pylaeus">Pylaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyraechmes" title="Pyraechmes">Pyraechmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhesus_of_Thrace" title="Rhesus of Thrace">Rhesus of Thrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarpedon_(Trojan_War_hero)" title="Sarpedon (Trojan War hero)">Sarpedon</a> (king of Lycia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scamandrius_(Trojan_War)" title="Scamandrius (Trojan War)">Scamandrius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theano" title="Theano">Theano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ucalegon" title="Ucalegon">Ucalegon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aphrodite" title="Aphrodite">Aphrodite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ares" title="Ares">Ares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eris_(mythology)" title="Eris (mythology)">Eris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hades" title="Hades">Hades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helios" title="Helios">Helios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hephaestus" title="Hephaestus">Hephaestus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hera" title="Hera">Hera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnos" title="Hypnos">Hypnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_(mythology)" title="Iris (mythology)">Iris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leto" title="Leto">Leto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scamander" title="Scamander">Scamander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanatos" title="Thanatos">Thanatos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thetis" title="Thetis">Thetis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379828#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1226" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379828#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1226" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379828#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/900669">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/308228045">2</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/65157340706009921442">3</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1057214/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/122641221">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2014019830">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987011344150705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.performing-arts.eu/discovery/agent/gnd_122641221">FID</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/122641221">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/238387453">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penthesilea&oldid=1252779631">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penthesilea&oldid=1252779631</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Amazons_of_the_Trojan_war" title="Category:Amazons of the Trojan war">Amazons of the Trojan war</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Queens_of_the_Amazons" title="Category:Queens of the Amazons">Queens of the Amazons</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Children_of_Ares" title="Category:Children of Ares">Children of Ares</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Necrophilia" title="Category:Necrophilia">Necrophilia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Women_in_Greek_mythology" title="Category:Women in Greek mythology">Women in Greek mythology</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Works_with_IMSLP_links" title="Category:Works with IMSLP links">Works with IMSLP links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_International_Music_Score_Library_Project_links" title="Category:Articles with International Music Score Library Project links">Articles with International Music Score Library Project links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_having_same_image_on_Wikidata_and_Wikipedia" title="Category:Articles having same image on Wikidata and Wikipedia">Articles having same image on Wikidata and Wikipedia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Greek-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Greek-language text">Articles containing Greek-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 October 2024, at 22:29<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penthesilea&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Penthesilea</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>44 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5f467697bf-9wn8x","wgBackendResponseTime":134,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.640","walltime":"0.796","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4263,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":76860,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2742,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":18,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":4,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":122185,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 658.944 1 -total"," 35.81% 235.961 1 Template:Reflist"," 27.60% 181.859 27 Template:Cite_book"," 12.33% 81.264 1 Template:Langx"," 12.25% 80.727 1 Template:Infobox_deity"," 9.84% 64.826 1 Template:Characters_in_the_Iliad"," 9.79% 64.520 1 Template:Short_description"," 9.62% 63.386 1 Template:Navbox"," 6.51% 42.911 1 Template:Infobox"," 5.89% 38.833 2 Template:Pagetype"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.392","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":16834231,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-7878cd4448-vg27q","timestamp":"20250211200501","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Penthesilea","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Penthesilea","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q379828","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q379828","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-08-31T19:57:48Z","dateModified":"2024-10-22T22:29:24Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/8e\/Penthesilea_Dubray_cour_Carree_Louvre.jpg","headline":"Amazonian queen in Greek mythology"}</script> </body> </html>